Thank you for joining us for module two. And in this particular module, we will be discussing the different types of trucks and trailers that are frequently or most often used in the industry. And you will find there is a variety of trailers and they are cargo specific. So whatever the customer is intending to transport, that is the type of trailer that we will look for when it comes to dispatching loads to different drivers. So without any further ado, let's get into module two. So when we talk about trucks in the transportation industry, we basically have two main trucks that are used on a regular basis. You have what is called a day cab truck. A day cab truck is basically, just as it sounds, it's a truck that's used mostly in the daytime, okay? And that would be for somebody that's maybe working locally. that works eight to five and then goes home. It's somebody that is the exact opposite of what's called an over the road driver, which is a driver that drives throughout the country. Day cab truck drivers, they normally just drive in the daytime and then they get to go back home, okay? So that is what you would use this type of truck for over here. This truck can attach to just about any type of trailer you could think of, drive-in, reefers, flatbed, step deck. The only difference is, like I said, it's just that this truck is mostly used for daytime local work, okay? So that's what a day cab truck is. Then you have what's called a sleeper truck over here. The difference, the biggest difference between these two vehicles is that you will notice this extended portion of the truck with the little window back here. This is called the sleeper area, I'm sorry, area of the cab. This is where the driver sleeps. This is the front. And then if you were to actually go inside of this truck, there would be like a curtain here that you could pull back. And inside this area here is a long mattress. It's just a very small living quarters for drivers that are over the road that don't get to go home every day and literally can be out for weeks at a time. Okay. These drivers, like I say, can drive for days and this is where they're going to be sleeping at since obviously they won't be home. If you're, you know, doing loads throughout the country, then, you know, you just don't, get the opportunity to go home every day. So that's what this sleeper, that's what this section in the back of the truck is for, for the drivers that are over the road that work long hours, days, weeks at a time. This is where they sleep, okay? So that's the biggest difference between these two trucks. And these are the two main drugs that are used in the transportation industry. Now we will go on and discuss trailers. The trailer, of course, is at the end of the truck. It's what's hitched to the end of the truck. And this particular trailer that we're looking at is called a reefer truck. We're going to start here. What I also should have put is dry van trailer, and I'll tell you why. Reefer trailers and dry van trailers are almost identical. The only difference, the only difference is that if this were a dry van truck, it wouldn't have this little section here. What you're looking at in the front of this trailer in between the truck and the trailer is actually a refrigerator, okay? It keeps the commodity inside of this box area. It's what keeps that cool. OK, so when you have a trailer that has a refrigerator on it, it's called a reefer truck. OK, those are called this is a reefer truck. Reefer trucks normally come in either forty eight feet or fifty three feet. OK, so this is what a reefer truck looks like. I didn't pull up a picture of a drive-in trailer only because, like I say, they are identical. The only difference is that this refrigerator would not be on here. Just imagine if we were to crop that out and scoot this trailer up further to the truck. That's exactly what a drive-in trailer would look like, okay? And they are also anywhere from forty-eight to fifty-three feet in length, okay? So this is what the inside of a box van looks like. Again, this could be a reefer or a box van. And this is what it looks like inside. And some of the flooring, it could either be wood, some of it might be metal. but for the most part, they all look the same, okay? And then on the back of the trailer, and this is pretty important, it depends, you can either have what they call swing out doors, and swing out doors, this is actually a swing out door van, and you can tell because the hinges here, okay, are holding one door that's opened, out to the side of the van. And then here's the other hinges for the other side of the door. So trailer vans either have swing out doors, which is a door on each side, or it'll have a roll up door, okay, that you can like unlock here and then just roll it right on up and it will roll into the ceiling. of the van, okay? And sometimes that's important just depending on what type of load it is. The broker or the shipper may request a dry van or reefer truck that has swing out doors or a roll up door, okay? Most of the times it's not a big deal. I think it just really depends on what the commodity is, but just so that you know the difference between that, that's what it is, okay? So we're gonna go right on and talk about flatbed trailers, okay? I love flatbeds. So... Actually, I love any trailers that are not boxed in. They're just open, what we call open trailers. So yeah, this is one of my favorites. Flatbeds. Flatbed trailers also come in forty eights or fifty threes. And, you know, they are just like the name. It's a flatbed. It's a trailer that just goes flat all the way to the back. It's basically like a drive in or a reefer truck without the box covering. Right. That's pretty much what it is. Plain and simple. okay um flat beds generally can cover uh as far as weight anywhere from like jeez forty thousand all the way up to maybe fifty thousand that's a pretty standard weight just depending on how many axles the flatbed has um yeah they can haul pretty heavy duty stuff so that is a flatbed OK, our next trailer is a Conestoga trailer, very similar to a flatbed, right? It also comes in forty eight and fifty three. The only difference between this and a flatbed would be this little black covering here that you see. In which it's used to protect the freight. On the trailer in the event of bad weather. Okay, so it's almost like a box fan, you know, except for this covering here is detachable in the sense that it can be retracted all the way to the back of the trailer. Okay. And that way you can load the material on sideways on the side of the trailer. You can also load it through the front or through the back as well. So whatever works best. But this is what a Conestoga trailer is. It's a flatbed trailer with an extendable covering in order to protect the freight in the event of bad weather, okay? So that's what it's for. And a Conestoga trailer can also come in a flatbed or it can come in a step deck. We haven't got the step decks yet. You'll see that, but just keep in mind that a Conestoga trailer could be a Conestoga flatbed or a Conestoga step deck, okay? So here we go to step deck trailers. So this is what a step deck trailer looks like. They also come in . Excuse my typo there. That should be or. And a step deck trailer is exactly what it looks like. It's a trailer that has a step. It's called a step deck because you can step up one additional level on the trailer, okay? And so this is what it looks like as well when it has freight on it, okay? Typically the upper level deck will be anywhere from ten to eleven feet it just depends so just you know for some simple math in the event that you were trying to load something onto a step deck and they asked you in it let's say it required. Thirty eight feet of space okay and you've got a forty eight foot trailer so let's pretend, this is a forty eight foot trailer. The way you would know is if it had enough space is if the commodity requires at least thirty eight feet. Again, you would have to check with the driver for his dimensions. But let's just for hypothetical purposes, pretend this upper level has ten feet of space. If it's a forty eight trailer, forty eight foot trailer and the top deck has ten feet of space, then that means the bottom deck would have thirty eight feet of space. Right. Because thirty eight plus ten. equals forty eight feet of trailer space. OK, so that's how you would kind of be able to determine the dimensions of a step deck trailer. And of course, you would have to ask the driver, you know, well, what kind of trailer do you have? And he says, oh, I have a step deck. And, you know, you say, OK, well, what are the what are the dimensions of your trailer? How much feet do you have on the upper deck? How much feet do you have on the lower deck? OK, and that's how you would know the dimensions so that when you're taking loads from shippers or from brokers, and they give you the dimensions, you can make sure that it's gonna fit onto your driver's trailer comfortably, okay? Legally, you can have two feet of overhang space on a trailer. So if the commodity was actually forty feet, and this was thirty-eight feet of space down here, remember ten, thirty-eight, for forty-eight feet. So thirty-eight down here, but if the commodity was forty feet long and it hung off the trailer by two feet, that would still be okay. Legally, and I'm saying legally according to the laws of the Department of Transportation, you would still be able to haul that without permits, okay? And we'll get into permits a little later in this video. But when you say legal, that means when someone asks if a load is legal or someone tells you a load is legal, they're talking about the dimensions of the product, okay? So legal means it doesn't require any additional permits or anything additional to haul the load, okay? That means it's a legal load. If it's not legal, it's going to require additional things in order to haul it. according to the Department of Transportation rules and regulations, okay? So that's what a step deck trailer looks like. Now we're gonna go on to RGNs, removable gooseneck trailers. So let's talk about this for just a bit. If you look here, this trailer, it kind of looks like a step deck, right? Somewhat. The reason they call this a removable gooseneck is because this part of the trailer here looks similar to that of a gooseneck, right? So that's why it's called a gooseneck. You can actually lift this part up, like it'll come up and detach from the truck, okay? It'll lift right up like a gooseneck and you can detach the trailer from the truck, okay? But let's read here. A gooseneck trailer has great versatility. Aside from being useful for tall and long loads, these trailers can easily tackle large machinery. The front of this trailer is detachable, which allows the trailer to be dropped on the ground. They would be talking about this part here, the gooseneck. Once on the ground, the front of the trailer now makes a ramp. so any large machinery can be driven directly onto the deck. These trailers can be anywhere from a three axle to twenty axle design. This makes it possible for some types of these trailers to transport amazing payloads up to a hundred and fifty thousand pounds, okay? So as they were saying, this part here, it can lift up, come off of the truck, and then you can take it all the way to the ground. And then this part would connect right down here. This part would be on the ground, and you could drive this heavy-duty machine you see onto the trailer. So I like RGNs. They're pretty cool trailers. And just as this description said, they can haul a lot, or not a lot, but a very heavy equipment, okay? And the heavier the equipment, the more money it's gonna pay, okay? So those are always the good paying loads. I love a good RGN trailer. So that's what this is here. And typically, It really just depends. This is called the well. If somebody's talking about RGN and they say how much space is in the well, this is the section of the trailer that they're referring to because you have this portion here, this somewhat upper portion here, and this somewhat upper portion here, and down here they're talking about the bottom, which is the well. The well. And typically the well can be anywhere from maybe twenty five feet in space up to about thirty, thirty two, thirty four, somewhere around there. But again, as a dispatcher, your job is to, you know, get that information from your driver, you know, find out what his dimensions are or the trailer that he has so that when you're taking loads for him, you know exactly how much or how little can go on his trailer. All right, and this is important. So when moving loads for flatbeds, step decks, RGNs, or any other type of open trailers, make sure you are aware of the dimensions, as I have been stressing throughout this video. Some commodities are oversized, and require permits in order to be legally transported. So we were talking about that a bit more back on the step deck section, which just all kind of brings it to perspective here. So anytime you have a load that is bigger than your trailer by two feet or so, then that's gonna go into permit territory, okay? And if you... In the event that you need permits, you will have to contact each state individually that you will be transporting through in order to get those permits. For example, if you were going from Texas to Alabama with a load, you would have to have a permit for Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. and then Georgia. I think I said from Dallas to Atlanta, right? If you're going from Texas to Georgia, you would have to have permits for each of those states that you're traveling through, okay? And they all cost money. So those are things to factor in when you're taking a load. If you're taking a load that pays a thousand, you're not gonna necessarily make a thousand dollars on that load. You have to factor in fuel costs, Then you have to factor in how much those permits are going to cost per state that you have to go through. Those are all very important things to take into consideration if you haul an oversized load. That's just some things to keep in mind. If you're a beginning dispatcher, I probably would stay away from oversized loads just for now. You want to kind of get the basics down first. And when you get into oversized and having to reach out to the states for permits and escorts and things like that, it can get a bit tricky. So if you are a beginner, I would definitely stick with legal loads at least for six months. until you get comfortable with that. And then when you're ready to do some oversized loads, the information that you really need is gonna be out on the DOT website, which is the Department of Transportation. You can also find on their website the contact information for each state that you would need to call in order to get those permits, okay? And I will be sure to leave that information in this training for you, okay? But that's basically gonna cover our trucks and trailers one-on-one course or class, I'm sorry. That's basically gonna cover our trucks and trailers one-on-one chapter, okay? So I will see you guys over in the next chapter. All right, guys. So we learned that there are two types of trucks primarily used in the industry and several types of trailers. These type of trailers have different regulations and can carry different cargo. So let's dive into that. Zyra, we're going to start with you. Can you tell us the two types of trucks primarily used in the industry? It's the day cab truck and also the sleeper truck. Okay, the day cab truck and the sleeper truck. That is correct. Christine, can you tell us the difference between the day cab truck and the sleeper truck? The day cab truck is basically used by the local driver. It is not designed. The only difference between the day cab truck and the sleeper truck is in the sleeper truck, there is an extended portion of the truck and that is the sleeper area. The driver can drive for days or weeks doing loads throughout the country. Awesome. I love the way you explain that. That is an awesome way to break that down. A day cab truck. One thing they mentioned in the video that is inaccurate. She said that a day cab truck is primarily used in the daytime. A day cab truck is used. Twenty four hours in a day. It can be used in the daytime, the evening, the night. It does not matter. But as Christine explained, one truck has the capacity to allow the driver to sleep or take a rest break because it has a bed, a lounge, a lounging area, and all those things where the day cab truck is not equipped to do that. It is not set up to do that. Normally a local driver or a regional driver will use the day cab truck. He will drive his minimum or maximum drive time, which is eight to eleven hours. And then once that is once his drive time is up, then usually he will have another means of sleep or rest or retirement opposed to sleeping in the truck because the truck is not designed for that. If you can take a look at your materials, the sleeper truck is much bigger than the day cab truck. So that is the primary difference between the two types of trucks. Okay. Let's move on to the different types of trailers. Erwin, can you give us one example of a type of trailer? Flatbed. Okay. Flatbed. Okay. Now, a flatbed truck can haul a variety of different products it's an open trailer that can be loaded from several different angles or several different directions and it's a truck that you will a type of trailer rather that you will see quite a bit on the roads so that is one type of trailer a flatbed trailer and usually they are forty eight feet to fifty three feet It can weigh anywhere from forty thousand to fifty thousand pounds. And you can generally haul heavy duty type equipment and things like that with a flatbed truck. All right. J.M., give us another example of a type of trailer. Hello. So another type of trailer, it would be. the Conestoga trailer. So Conestoga trailer, it has a cover to protect the goods depending on the weather. Awesome. Awesome. And that is a trailer that you will not see so much of on the road. But it is a trailer that's out there depending on what area you are in the country you may see them a little bit more frequently than other parts of the country a conestoga trailer takes out the tarping factor that a driver would have to do because it covers the product it protects it from the element from the weather without the driver having to physically tarp the product um It is usually black or blue. Sometimes it's red and covering. It just depends. And like I say, the main intention of a Conestoga trailer is to protect the elements without the driver having to go through the tarping process. And usually those trailers just as a flatbed trailer are anywhere from forty eight feet to fifty three feet. All right, Tashi, can you give us another example of a type of trailer? yeah uh we do have the reefer trailer and the dry vent trailer so they also um uh for the eight feet to fifty three feet and they look the same the only difference is the refrigerator on water yeah correct correct so uh reefer unit is a temperature controlled unit um it's usually used to transport food uh pharmaceutical products, anything that has to be maintained at a certain temperature. That is usually when a reefer trailer comes into play. A dry van trailer is similar to a reefer, except like Tashi said, it does not have the refrigerated unit. And usually these are to fifty three feet in length. In most drive in trailers, the flooring is usually wood or metal. Some have the doors that actually swing out in the back and some have the doors that actually roll up in the back. So it just depends And this trailer, there's different names for a dry van trailer. Some people call it dry van. Some people call it van. Some people call it a box. So there's different things. But if you hear the words dry van and van, that's primarily what it's called in the industry. All right, Raquel, can you give us another type of trailer? The step deck trailer, it's forty eight or fifty three feet long. Typically the upper level deck will be anywhere from ten to eleven feet of space. So legally you can have two feet of overhanging space on this trailer or on a trailer. All right. So a setback allows you to haul equipment and stay still in the legal requirements of height sometime because there's a dip in the trailer. Sometime people call it a well or the bed, which allows equipment to be transported and the truck can stay in compliance with the legal height requirements. All right. Let's talk about oversized loads, oversized load. An oversized load is any load that exceeds the maximum legal width, height and length as defined by each state. So let me read that again. And the definition of an oversized load is any load that exceeds the maximum legal width, height and length as defined by each state. So typically the maximum legal load width for any open trailers is eight point six feet and the legal height is fourteen point six feet in total. In total is the key word. We're not just talking about the product. We're talking about the trailer included. So do not forget that when you are thinking about dispatching certain types of equipment. Because certain types of equipment, uh, may require extra permitting, um, based on how tall it is. So do not forget that the, uh, the maximum legal load, uh, of the height is the height, which includes the trailer and the equipment. Okay. A flatbed trailer that is five feet off the ground can haul a load no taller than nine point six feet. And why is that? What? So when you add those numbers together, five feet off the ground, the product is nine point six feet in height. You get a total of what? Christine. Five feet and nine point six feet gives you what total? five feet and nine nine point six when you add those together what do you have um fourteen point point six exactly and what is the legal limit anyone what's the legal limit in height It's fourteen point six. Correct. Correct. So very good, Christine. What this is saying, you got to take into consideration that your trailer stands five feet off the ground. So that means your product or your commodity or your cargo cannot exceed nine point six feet in height because you have to add both of those together. So if you want to stay legally compliant without having to get extra permitting and things like that, you have to consider the height of your trailer. Okay, let's do another example, a step deck this time. A step deck has three, it stands three feet off the ground and can haul a load no taller than what in height? If the step deck stands three feet off the ground, then what's the maximum the cargo can be in height? Uh, eleven point six. Exactly. Because you're adding eleven point six to the three feet. So always remember that, that that's a combination thereof of the trailer and the product. OK, very good. So an RGN, removable gooseneck. And this is a very versatile trailer. So aside from being useful for tall and long loads, these trailers can easily tackle large machinery. And you will see these a lot of time transporting farming equipment and different things like that excavators with different uh detachable parts and things like that and once on the ground the front of the trailer can uh it serves as a ramp so large machinery can be driven off of it and onto it with ease so this is a very uh convenient uh piece of equipment the well which is the bottom portion of the uh RGN. It's commonly known as the well. It can be anywhere from twenty five to thirty four feet in space. So as a dispatcher, it's important that we know the dimensions of our driver's trailers. That is very important because nine times out of ten or ten times out of ten, the type of trailer needed and its dimensions such as forty eight feet, fifty three feet, things of that nature will be in the dispatch instructions. So it's important that we know generally what type of trailer our drivers have. And whenever we get dispatch instructions, it's going to have the driver's trailer type. So you only want to give those type of loads to those drivers with those specific types of trailers that are requested, guys. And we will get more into permits and things like that. We'll talk about that. Your permits. Now, let's discuss that a little bit. If you're carrying an oversized load, do you have to have a permit? Yes. Okay. How many permits do you need? Just one? It would depend on the state that you would go. So if ever that you will go to or you'll go through this state, so those states that you'll actually will go, you have to get permits to each state individually. Okay. Awesome. Awesome. Awesome. So I'm going from Ohio to Tennessee. But I'm going well, let's say I'm going from Kentucky to Tennessee. Let's say Kentucky to Georgia. I got across through Tennessee. I'm going from Kentucky I got across through Tennessee. Let's just use those three states. I'm leaving from Kentucky with the product. I got across through Tennessee. I'm headed to Georgia. It's a possibility. And nine times, ten times out of ten, I'm going to need how many different sets of permits? Remember, I start in Kentucky. I'm going through Tennessee. I'm going to end up in Georgia. You'll have two permits. Two? I gotta go in three states. Sorry, three. Yeah. Remember, the state of origin is Kentucky. I gotta pass through Tennessee on the way. I gotta get a permit there. And I gotta get a permit in Georgia because I'm going to end up in Georgia, correct? So if those are all the states lines that I had to cross I would need three if I had to cross more states I would need a permit for each state and usually guys there's companies that most drivers use that that uh gets all the permits that are needed uh for the driver's journey. Usually they have a company that does that. Sometimes you will have drivers that have the time or have someone that will get the permits from each individual state. But usually there's a company that they have that just does all of the work for them and they have to pay a fee to that company. That's why we have to try to get the best rates for the drivers that we possibly can. And even though we may see a load that we may get from a direct shipper or from the load board that looks to be a good paying load, there's a lot of things that play into the cost for the driver. There's a lot of different factors. Does he have to get an escort service if it's an oversized load? Does he have what permits he has to get? What kind of tolls and other things will he have to pay? How much fuel will he use in the load? Because the heavier you are, the more fuel the truck will consume. So there's a lot of different things, even though we might think it's a good paying load and the drivers say, eh, I need just a little bit more money. And you may be thinking to yourself, well, gosh, it's paying a lot as it is. Well, the driver's done his math. And he knows from pulling that type of trailer, you know, he has a general idea of the cost he's going to incur. So that's why initially we want to try to get as much money for the driver as we possibly can. Okay. What is overhang? Anybody? Raquel, what is overhang? Length of your trailer. Okay. All right. Overhang is the length on a trailer in which the commodity extends beyond the wheelbase at the front and at the rear. And let me give you what the DOT says. Per DOT, no state shall impose a rear overhang limitations of less than four feet. Therefore, four feet is the minimum allowable an individual state sets, is the minimum allowable. And the individual states, they can set the different maximum limits. So in some cases, what overhang is legal on a vehicle depends on the item being transported. So there's a lot of things and a lot of factors that may go into overhang. But the main thing we want to know is the DOT says that four feet is the minimum allowable. And the states can set the different maximum limits as far as overhang of the commodity or product that you're transporting. And an example of an item that would overhang is if you're transporting large pipes, for instance, that deal with plumbing or have to deal with in-ground equipment Those sometimes have an extreme overhang because they're longer in length. They may be longer than forty eight feet or fifty three feet. So therefore, you have overhang involved. And those sometimes are the ones that have to have special permitting. So that gives you a little example of what oversized is. Remember, guys. An oversized load is a load that exceeds a maximum width, height, and length as defined by each state. And this is what you typically need to remember. The maximum legal load width for all open trailers is what, anybody? Zyra, do you remember? The maximum load width. Eight point six. Correct. Eight point six is the maximum legal load width. What is the maximum height? It is fourteen point six feet. Correct. Now you'll have different states that have different regulations. I think Alaska is one of the only states that has fifteen. And then you start getting up there in the northeast. The Southeast, they're generally at thirteen point six. You can go out there to Colorado and Nebraska. They are the only two. That are fourteen point six. And then out west, they are fourteen states such as California, Texas, New Mexico, Wyoming, Nevada, Washington, Oregon and things like that. They are. And this plays a big factor, guys. This may not seem like a big deal until you start going through towns. And the bridges are certain levels and certain limits. And you have to take certain roads to bypass certain things. The last thing you want to do is hit something. A driver wants to do is hit something because he's over the height limit. Okay. So any questions on this module? Awesome. Okay. No, that will end Module Two. Let's get ready for Module Three, guys.