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ҡ⴩С˵ּµڻŮϣһĿǻþһ㣬ڶĿǱȴ˻úáһĿܿʵˣڶĿꡭţΪʲôĪͳʲô޳֮縺Ťת׽ٵصҡֻ˦ҲǣûУϹ˵ķڶгڽվḻŮĳɳΪҿһѾõı٣Ϊ,ΪӣΪһҪӣŮܷѰڲ߳Լ·
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1 
Σѩ¥֡
ҡ̤ţĻ鴹µİɫɴᣣ¶΢̵ĺ촽Ƭ̺ͬˮֵͣĻ᳡ţ˶ܰ㣬Ųӳճſڡ
˵Ĺ°ȣȴƾĬȺҴҵǰӭ
ҽֻǴְˣ²ؿԽߣħȻȴҲʶ϶ɴµȻݾ˿ƥ
ƺеĿ⣬ɴᣱһشйָø¶Ө׵ӡֻһ˫ٵҶȦɫ͸ӣľĺӭչⷺϸ⡣
ͣһ˲˶ĿԼϣʹϵԲ϶ʿڴ˿Ҳ㱣Ƭ̶ҡ
ֻǻû˻ɴ᣾ͱ¡ɴܸʶͣ±ڵʵʵΧӵĿʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ɴ᣺ǰ°ҡ͸ɴ᣹۲еˣü΢̧ǳһϸСĻȣʶٱ䡣
ȥæɣءһԵŮȸ̬ɣȻǰϰΪ
ȸһۣ¡ȸ˵עĿУҡ̤ȥ˶¥
ݾϵ˼Ƶס˶¥ȫò᳡ÿռ󷨣ڿеһ͸ݣ䣬Уۼ
¥ʮһᣬһ޲ݳޡˣΣѩ¥󷨴ʦ󣬼󷨺޷̽ڵΡ
˰ᣬҡժĻ飬Ŀ£°͸ſﲻȺ֪ĥʲô
վԱߵȸ⿴ҡ⣬ֹ
ǰⳡҡ⿴˻һ¥ȤջĿ⣬ƫͷȸѹ͵͸Źá
ĳյĵһ
۾УβУɽźСɫ㣬ؿźƮȴҲҿ
ȸ۽һ飬ԼҲܿߣӻ£ȳȥɡ
ѾԸ˽¹ΪҪ̵Ȱֻʣˣȸڰ಻סʵ
ĵҩϡ٣οó̵߽鵤޾ڶ޼ۡ
еȱʯҡָŴµһ˿޳ڷܵȸһŵĿУķֳһʶеġ޿족
޿ǱΪٳʶ磬иСǧѽ̳򵥵˵̳Ҳ̳ͨࡣҡǰΪ뿪ֻͻˡ׽ɹȾˢ̳Ķϰӡ˺ŷ˿Ѿͻ˰ڴء
ѡȥȻһɨȥҳǹӡ
ϷöĺӣǾһƳΣѩ¥ֳȻһЦ㵹
Ȼҡ⣬ȴϰ߳Ϊӡ诡֣׽вһ塣һǰһʯ诵Ů˺ճ׽췭ظʱΪɫġӡݵȹ¡
ǰġ֮ҲǼɵġ
λƵ貨Σǵʱ׽޿ĵһˣ诡֣ҲɴܱΪ׽˵Ĵʡ֮׽ûгòԷڵˣǵڶϵġ׵һˡ
ЩҲᣬöһ¥Ӱʯ¼һͼɴᣵǿ̡ʹǵˣҲò̾¥ץļ߳ĳ߷ϡ
һŶ̬ͼ뿴ͼҪ¥֧޿ұ޿ҡ
ͼ²Ϲ֣ҡüһޱô׬ǮԺȱʯڱ޿׬ˡ
öдֱҵü׵һˣΣѩ¥ӵļжΣѩ¥¹ӣշ貨·Ŀ͡ȥ̷ƶи嶯ͼöǮǰһͼԴޣ
ʶ̵ӣۼһӸϰ¥һġͼԴһ˾ٱӡ
˳֮ҡȥ˿ħԨѧ̹붼вٹӣ׽ޣҳʱҲֺܿƬ
ˢһ˳Щɺ˭뵽׷ӣڼڷ
ҡǰģʱΪԼֻǸԹȺڣֱŷѾ֪ɳԹȺΪڻҡ
մǻĻˮѾڲסԭһֻûɽСʱ׼ȥĳõĴעһ·һӳû뵽˻䡣
ϣ׽綼Ȼ׽ħ嶦Ϊƴ󣬶ʮʥ֮һ塣ԶʱھеǿߣȡΪһļơ
˵ǵ˵һ壬ٴòϿȷǵҡʱƾһŻûȫۣ֪ж๴ǡ
ȥֻ֮˵仰һǣԺͽҡɡ
һǣΪҡ⣬âɡ
ҡ⣬ǣâ֮⡣
Ϊ仰ʱ䣬һΪСҡһ䣬Ϊ׵ĵһӡ
˵ҲɣҡȵȴһΪĳƺš֪£ӡƺѾ׽硣
ΪֻҳݵСû뵽Ǿˡ
ӣȻȥȴǿռš˰һλõڻңжĴ˵Ҳı䲻Ǹʵ
֣ͳڽϡ
뵽ҡֵ͡ľ飬ĥüҲܳи˽ᡣ
˵ľ飬ԴԽ֮ǰһҪ׽޾ڣһͨŮھһϵбľмһƣԵɺ֮½ƣҲǷӡϹŴХĽӿռ䡣
յ·ȻŮХİһ۷塣Ůʸ߷·һ΢СڻңΨһ;װͳŮӢˡ
٣׽磬ĸ츳׿콾㹻׼ĸ֣֪ǲΪŮ𣬽ʮ䣬֮ľ²˸һһ硣
һͬɫĴˣҫ֮һĽȣ峤ĵ
ݸµԣӦԶκһźʵƥ뿪ȣµȲ㹻ʵѾԵͷʣˡ
УҪǸԭˣȻʱըħԶ޷



2 
СɽؾΣѩ¥ļʦƲ⣬һλμӹԶ֮սħߵŸͼļһǧƷʯ
׽ͨҪʯŨ̶ȻΪ¡СϡƷΣѩ¥ļһǧƷʯĶֻ㿪θˣһλԶʱڵħŸֵԶֹһǧƷʯʦ˵ļʱС
һֱȱȱҡʦĻȻصӣʾȸμӾġ
СľԭǴⳡģһ˹Ȼջ
ⶫ
ȸҡ⣬ʦѾ˵֪λ֣һħŸĵͼļΪ֮ͣĻŲȱĵͼλ򽧡
ʦͣһϢ˵ϢֻгΪͼ˷֪λԾˣϹأÿμӼ۲һƷʯ
´塱һը֪СɽؾĴ׵أ򽧱֮һųơ֮ءȥܻųܳں޲պ
ܶʱΣǲеģħŸǲμӹԶ֮սĸ߽ħ壬ҵŸ˵дջ
ֻΣѩ¥λǣڳ붼壬һħŸǷ񣬼͡ط̫аͼƫƫ˲˶Ĵԥ
û£ȫҲ޷ҡңңʢŵͼУĿЩӣ˯ͷݡ
˵䣬Ѿ̽ԵļһʯģԼǶ򽧴ŸӵУӼ۷Ȼߣһ¥˸۾ġ
ȼ۸ǧƷʯж¥Ŀ˳סһӸǧƷʯ
Ƕ¥˵ͼһǧ
ҡⲻԶһᣬʱҲŲȱĵͼ
ȷͻħйأˣеĺŮɵĿŮӣһĹ⡣
߷ְաŮɫƽз·̲ǧǳ˶һɫʡ
ԭһ²ؼķŮĻæĵ£ЦǳǳУ˵߷ְգǾǾŷְˡ
ŮҲԥָһ⣬ڵľ̡
ǧʦ̣µľļۡ
ǧ
ǧ塣
ǧ
򡣡
ļ۲ʦļۣڱǰʶĳ俴ۣ˶ٲűļۡ
һӼһ˱סʱû˳ۡʦƺЩżһãһΣΣ
λûһ£ʦĺ·סһ㣬ȻֹƬ̺ɤӺ塣
Խῴʦ˼˵˵Ҳˡ
Ůĺһ˿ѯһԵŮһ¶ƳǳЦݣȻֻ
ҡҲˣŮ۾һϲվ·һ̾Ҫȥ
ҲԴ⣬ԽüͷƳһԵĺŮӣй⻪ź˵ĹҪˡ
ŮӣҲһ˿⣬ֻڣϵ֧ʱҪݱâȻڼɵԷԽһ˵Ҳסˡ
һߵҡⲢ̸֪ɵļۡ
塣ʦϱߵľļۣѾģֻڲϼӼۡ
򡣡ʦְıµľļۣ䣬һŮ쳹᳡
С߶ħŸܸȤʮ򡣡
˻һ᳡Ϊ֮һ˵ⷬ˲ӲѾǱǿǰһֵĿȻмʶϳ˭ĵŮһеߵ档
ԼڳֻҪǲ϶û֨ϾᶼҲֻǰԺĵˣֵÿϷ
С֪㡱ȸüͷЩĵĿҡ⡣С㻰˼Ѿ֪ĵǹ˵⻰ù֪Ѷˡǹӵˣܵڴҵ˿ҵЦ
ȻСϲҡͲˡҡɫȴĴڳÿ˵ĶСɾ䣬ȴӣҡҷ
βһ˿ײ̾Σڳϧ֮飬̶İԵзӦľͬڶ¥ͿСҡͷԲзͿ
ˣСүҲŸȤʮ򣡡
ǰٲǮ޶ѪͷĹʲôϵӣֱӺ۾ġһ˲᳡ڵˮޱȣ·ǰĺֻ˵Ļ
ǹа취ȸóϷ̾ôСڹֵôﲻܵϵڳ˿ǰͰ͵ֺù
ûһ۸Ѿ쭵ʮҡۿţոʮͷۣһҧͿĵľۣƺԵͼȤ
ԵˡȸСѡ
Եҡüͷ΢Ե֮ǰ֣ںȻ뾺ģ⵹Щ鷳ˡħԹΪףֱΪá桢Ѫ壬ħĻԵǶħŸȤͿĿס
ûԲߣͼܿͱͿʮƷʯ¡
ҡ˿ȻԵΪʲôȻһţûжתͷȸ˵ϸǸף͸ͿĵлɡȻ˵㣬õˡ
ȸĻſŵðɡôǹĶ˵Ǹ׿ɱȵͼֵǮˣлҲ̫ˡ
ҵĻˣҡס̱²ĵĻˣǶѶ˵ú͸ģжõģ
Ĵָ֮ӵԽԽ㣬ҪΪˡ
Ҳ˶£ȻҲұ֤ܷƤС֡
ȸ뵽Ǹ׵ӣһ˿ɻ׵ȷŮӴģǶң͸ͿӡܹʲôͿӣ˵ú޲ù
ҡ⿴ȸı֪ʲôҲͣʱ˵һɺܶ࣬һʢȰöˡ
ϾûͿŵʱֻ辶ʵ˵һҡҷİʱͦˬġ
ȻǻģԽԽӦˡ
ˡ
һ־绢ͷβĽ˻ЩδûһһƷٶ
Ƭ̺ͶҡڵİᣬͿµŲȱͼ
Ķƾɣ˵ģΧ룬ҡȴɿһ֡һ̽
ƤƤĲʣ΢ȥЩֲڡŵͼ˴³ĳȥһ룬Ե޹ɵľ״
һԪȥͼ˿
Ԫûб仯˵ŵͼֵĵͼƣˮ֣ҪħŻõһħ֭Żᷢ仯ŸȤȤŲ֪ʲôƵĵͼеط
ħİ˴ط֮һСľģؼһϢԻΪࡣ
ŵͼշתŮ񣬵ͼеȻҲлáҡŮĻԵСķдãֻĵ׶Ů˵Բˡ
뵽ҡ۵ӹһ˿ĪĹâ˵ŮҲˣҲûŮҪҪ
ˣŮζ鷳Լ鷳ѾˣͲ鷳ˡ
ҡƬ̣ͽŮ׵Ժ󣬴רоĶ˲ãʦ˵
Ʒ߽Ʒ鵤̵̵ĹЧͲСٽˡļۣһƷʯ
ѵ߽鵤ټ̵˵䲻ģ˭Ҳܱ֤겻ʧǾҩ˲˼˾ĵĶ顣
̵¥ĳ԰ʮƷʯ¡
ҡƫͷȸȸͷŵˡ
ȥɡȻĿѾﵽˣҲûҪڴ̻ȻѲ
ҡ׼뿪
κδԼ쿴˳ûѾƿ
С㡢СԽˡһֻСҴҽͨ



3 
ҡ㡣δ
ҡⲽ΢ͣ̾һȻ鷳˶Ҳ㲻
һˣΪ׵棬˫ɫۣβȻi⣬һѲ֮
ԱߴµСƣոؽɴľʱק½ǳҡգۡ
벽֮ңվһλ¹ò䲻ǰȴһɶصʣĺưʾݡ
ºԽϣʵϵĸӹǰºֵߣǵ츳ͨҡԤԣ
ţ˵еĴԤԼҡ
ֻǣԽλƺЩŹ֮ҡⰵͻԽ㣬иһɫ
ڴԽᣬⲻ֪ԷҲڹ۲Խ֪λԶӣǰԵüˣսǰҲǺʹȻֻû뵽˵еӣɫ˳̶ȴ˺
Ӱʯ¼µѾ㹻˻겻ˣڿȴ˰ֲ֣׵һ˵λá
ԽлһĨ֮ɫ
ͿĽˣҲżɽʵЦЦбҡ⣬еļɫԱ
ҡɫ鶼¶һ裬һʥ֪СԺ
װɵһĿתȦѹļ⣬תڵ˵ǰʱһ̸ֻ㣿
Եͼ֮²ٶ̸Ȼת꣬ҡⲻ˽ģĿԽϣͷȷһֻ꣬幫
ޣִĻ˵ڱΣ֣׽ûбΣֵʶﾺĴַ򷢻ӵ쾡£һһ٣񼸺Ѿ
˵幫ϣһ̲ϵļ壬ֻǰ͸֮һ
Խָ˶ǰ벽ĿϵĿҡ⣬˵ӣи֮룬֪ӿɷӦʣ
ǲ֮룬ǲҪĺáҡޱĴ
˭Ҳû뵽˵һĻնʱһ֮С
ӦʼٸѾڴЦЦͬڣҡҷٴŭҲһЦУʱ˾ȵķΧ
ҡⰵԽԽķӦеЦֻΪ䵭·֮ǰľܾЦֻ˵ĻþɫȻ˵ղҡԽﾫ֮ͨضֻʮָȤӭԽ͡
仰ȴǽȨԼУ˿κδĻԷ
Խ۽΢̧һֵĿ⿴˿ҡ⣬κݸһЦϣҪӲźá
Աߵƺûвյ΢߽ǵסҡĸ첲ǴǳǳУҡҪ𣿡
׼ȥԱߵ¥ƿҪͬҡϵҵļλС㣬ֻϵ
Σȴϴ˴ã˼˲мȻȴҲ׽ȥϤĲˡ
۾һ͵ͷȥ¥Ǹֻܽ
꼴ʹǣﰮԼϲҲѸģƸǸг̡ܽ¥ƲˣΪ޹֮һÿֻʮƷʯҲֻĳܰճˣҲգһֻ
Сɻ£ҡĬ棬ʵ
³ֻ¾ӦԽϡ
΢ûֻüΣŽĿƵϣ߰ɣҪ̸
ƲĵͷҡһųΣѩ¥һ·̸Цᣬֱ¥İڣŰиҡ⴫
Խ˵ŵͼħйأְʾ߽㲻ƺƶͼþͻ¹
ΪͣóȻ»ᱻ߽㷢˱ﵽų
֮У˵Ԥ֮ΰǣΪ۸вҡɫ΢ĳģĲ²⽥ЩȴɫĽӻ
ܾһֵֺĶâڱĸоϵЦ⻺һֵЦԽѾһ۵Խ࣬ԽҰǱԽ໹󡣡
˵ԽۣƲٴϴЦݣõרĶԸǰʳ
ҡ΢ûоԽڵΪνᾳڣԽһԽ񲻹νᾳԲղķӦڰдԸǸԽĻΪķĴ֮
Ϊһ㹲Ϊʮ磬ֱΪ࣬νᣬ飬Ԫľ𶦣٣񡣴˵֮ϻо磬ȻЩһ龳СܽӴġԣԽҪܿνᾳǲ
ȥ֮ҪȸúõԽһУҡÿӴѩ˼䲻̧ۣͼȸջ򴰻۾һ˷ܵĶ˵
ˣ
ʲôˣļͷǵջûüɾ͡顱һλվèһſˡ
ҡƻŵģסҪǣȥοƿģץġ
ƺҲԷġ



4 
з˹ӣ赡ʯ䡣޶
˷ҪĽȣֻ⼸ǿɫʡ
ҡӸµẒ̌ÿμɧ˿֪ʲôе͵ϾΪ˻
οֱ׷ϣվﶼǵ֮Ľ㣬˭վ඼ġ
ţƺŮ
ҡ⽫ĿƵԱߵ¹ϣĿЩŹ֣ŮԤе㲻һ
ŮʱӦôԼȸض飬ϱһƷɽħȥѰ޸ɽĲϲŶԡ
ħӰҿƺеǱվŵĺ췢̫ۣ㲻̫Ů
ϵԭвԽᣬҡǲ䣬鷢չķԽԽȤˡ
װǸ׼ģڵŮûõħˣ
ţһĿ˼ҡʶĶǵߣʱ׹һƬɫƬɫһ޷ܵħ˲ʧȥֿһݽƬС
ؼʱ̣ʶİһ⣬·̹ſٵغֵĵһ⣬ӻлѡ
ҡع񣬳ңңһЦɹԷ΢΢һ͵Ŀ⡣
ͫƺ־ˣֻҪԸ⣬ʶǿļûзأ̾
壿ûע˶ݵĿӴ̽̽ӳ⿴һ˿档
ܳʥأǴλãмֱ¸ҽ롣壬ľ㣬һνᾳڣһֻ
Ȼ糶Ϲϵ
ƳˣҡⴹջߣһԹ͵Ц
Ƶɴ۳ҡҡͷŵԶ봰ҲҳֱӴҡ㣬һ
˵ߴɽͳһöŷƵʯԪƣʱΧһɿռŤ֮ŴԽԽģҲģ
ԭöʯһռ䴫ķ
ҡĿƵӰʧȴŤĿռ䶸ȻǿѹԭóɢӰȻŰһͻʵ
С˲磿
ˮʯɤ·Ⱦһ˿Ц⡣
Ƽʧʱ䲻̶̼Ϣ赭дͲŤĿռ䣬Ʋȫԭ򣬵Ҳӡ֤ʵ
ͨԪڲſԳӴؼεķ֮츳ͨռ䷨޹أҲ˵пѾԪڡ
ʮԪڣ˵ȥû˸š
׿δֻһλħ̫ţĹΪԪŨøƵģֻҪ츳һܵ٣ʱĥĥ𾳡
һشٺԪԽԽϡԪѾٵÿֻܿԪһҲΪˣҵٶȶձΪҲǰٱߣ繷Ķʢʱڡ
ķ̥ͬпʼѪԽΪԽߣ̥ĸʱԽĸϼ꣬һԪڣǱȽټġ
塢ħٶһͷҲʮͻƵԪڵģųƿϹųڵţ̥ʮ꣬ڲʮꡣ
ֲֿٶȣǶûеĴ
硱Ӷʧܵһŵҡ߿һ˹˹ŲӴк
ϵķűһƿһɫӰȻſڡ
ӳȻ˫ĵĺۣϹβźеȻͫɫΪһĨΣյʡƣͦı´ıһ޵Ц⡣
ĴɫѩɫļγǿҵĶԱȣһĲʵСȻŮӻҪ֣ȴ˿Ů
ǰ˲һ׷ʿǷӣԶ¿䣬棬Կǡˣ·͸
ҡⴹܿߣϹۣ֮һ˻ǲҪΪá
磬ôˣҪд𣿡Ƽһȿ޻ѿЦݣʡ
ҡҡͷЩεĺЦƣ˵Ļȴ˲ɫ䣺СȥһδͻνᾳڣˣξСһȥڤ°ɡ
ҲҪҲȥڤƱĻŵɫףʵ磬ȴĿԽԽС
С˲úĻҪȥڤ󣬻Ҫȥ̨ŶЦ崺磬ҡȴרŻСӵţǸĺӡ
ŵ˵ˣӣڣȻȫԪƺϾҪ
ҡⱻͻıʾ˾ȴָһϹ⣬ưҵԪŲģרԪ
ƺʱĽԤԤ֮С
ֱڵأۿʼĳνᾳڡվһΪ۷綼ûҡɨһۡ
ҡɵѹʹڸУᡣ
ֻԼƽڿͻƣû뵽һֱŵԭؽԣӦǹġ
ƳٳûͻƣΪľ⣬̫֮࣬һ·ڴͣȫûãľȻ޷ͻơ
ǿһ㣬ڤƿͻƵͷﵽǰδеǿȣһͻǲ㱡ϡ
ڤоŰ֮ն󾳵˽ȥΣգһ㶼Ϸ˴˱ؽȥѹְŵûʧɫ
̨Σճ̶ȱڤй޲Ԫȥ֪ܳӰǰÿ궼ȥ̨չأֱ̨൱ҡ
ֲ˼еʱ䲻ʮ꣬ѾԪˣֺˣȻ׵
Լƻһ𣬿еۿɼٶȲϷۼ
ţһֻͨɫĺӰͷһţüġ
ллΪС˻ۣӵȲʩȲקסĸ첲
磬С˽ˣǲǿԲȥڤˣ
Ƶħצ֮ǰѾԶϾָ˸ϲڵĻҳĳԵȻѾΪڣԱ֮ظʤһȥڤһ
ƲƲ죬µ飬Ȼһܻ
ʲôطأһռҪôʯ



5 
С㲻Ҫ嶯ǻһطˡһŮͬһɤȪкƾøС
ҡĿ⸴ӵĿϰɱ޴ըรɡ
ҲǸŮλ췢ŮӣǸ޿¶ʵȴꡣėһ壬Ϊʲô⣬һѪϷˡ
ΪԸкܴȱݣȫԵ͵ǡ
軣Ĺʱڵ֮һǣѵڲú󰲿ҿع鱾֮󣬲֪ʲôΪһӾ͵󾳣ĳؾŮ˺ƣŮ䡣
Ṳ֮̊·ĵһѣעΪŮɳġ
磬Ǹ壿һתЦʡ
ûлشĻʶһɨƯĽü΢΢ѹ
磬ȥ
ԭſڵһ׸ˡ
磬ʲôʱϬؾģƼûֿɿƲƲʵ
۾ɨɨϵĲ輸ĿơƹԾӣһ裬ڵ˵磬Ȳ衣
ҪѾ͵ǹˡĺۻһ˿Ц⣬¶裬ǳһڲƵ˵
ƾϲĵɴ۾ֺٺһЦ׺ڰϷɰС˾֪ˣǡ
ӵһ¡û˵꣬ͷ·֪Ҫ˵ʲôķ²յĻ
ҡ⿴ƳԱģŬסɽԱߵȸûֹ˼ɣͷЦüһһʡ
ܵҡǰĸ첲ҡֳȥڤĵ
ҡĿⴥЦߣʶȤĶ˵Ӳνᾳͽ˵̨ƣҲ
ƶѣȲϽҪ
һ𾪵Ŀҡ⣬κŵɴҧгݵ˵ȷ࣬ǲһȥɡ  ҡЦЦǿơӦڨڨһЦڤϰѿأ˲ڡ
һ˲䰲żԶ˵
ͣҡϣе׽͸Ŀҡһ˿衣
Ůͣڵأ
׽ŮΪأŮŮǵղص䣬֪ŪⲿŮû׷һʹŮݸ
ħصħȷұġȻβͬŮʻ䣬粻ʳ̻ľŮȻҲһͬ㣬ǸòʣˣӸҲʹŮ˶ŵ֮͡
Ůʮأһֱ񾳵Ķ׵ǵǰص档
˵׼һ׵Ӧø˲Ŷԣκⲿһĵط󣬻֮һĹ̫֮ͬ
̫飬ųƿ컯֮飬黯󰮡ֻΪԼңͷ޳һʯͷȥͶ̥
һǰҲ֮Ϊֽߵйĩڣ׵һˡʯľ̫֮飬һ·˺üǰ;ԶĴꡣ
Ϥ䷽ϤζѲűûı
£ʵ˿˼ıı水̺õ·ߣ֪
ԭ֮⣬Ϊԭ̫ûֵķ
ʶѪɱˣû𻰣׳һ⣬ԭ򶨵ҡͫ΢һ˲©ġ
΢Ƭ̺ҡµĶĿ⣬ģɵ˵һ˽£żȻʶ
Ѫɱ׽һɱֻ֯Ҫ㹻ı꣬ĵҽӣھԭѪɱԱ
ûм׷ʣȻסһȥ
Ϳˣ
ҡĻ۾΢ͿҲͿĶͿ嫣׵жΪůֱ׷©
ǧţŮСʱȹһΪŮϹɽ¹ӺϧǵֲŮϦԵ
˵˽ˮ¥̨ȵеģͿ嫵ܺݺĶһָֻ˵Ϯ
˼֮ʣѾȥˣ۾һתƨƨߵĸ
ҪҪҲȥԱȸһԵ
ŮжˣƲסİ֮ҡ˵ͷĻ˹ȥ



6 
λ¥ѩʳȡѩÿվסȪιõǰĹЧ
û߽һ٩٩̸һ´ϴ˹еĺЦݳĳ෢ŮĽܵ
޿֮ԱСǧѽ̳ΪⷽظԴ򡢹ģȵĲͬΪСǧ硢ǧ硢ǧ࣬ܳǧ硣
ǧ˴˸СǧǧΧŴǧ硣ȻҪڴС紩Ҳ׵£֮εĽֻ֮ضڿͨС
׽ڴǧ磬Сǧ磬׽˵Ĵžڼѩ
һ˭˵˭֪˵ļٵģһ˵ļ۸һƿƷ鵤ˡ
µĽûó෢ŮŰ۲ĵ˵
ϼҴҵ󣬻ôС¥׽һٶҷֵ꣬Ūٿͱˡƾ¥ԶĻΪ˵
СɷСˣҿСֻǻڷ԰ˡ¿ˣǫЦ֣ڿ֮Цøǫ
ҡ̧ۿȥˣµľŮò࣬ȲԱߵİһ˫۵ǽǰһҪǣйʮָɾϢ˲øС
ԶµĸߴӣòӢʣϵͫ׺ݣһֱֲյĸоͿЩơ
һֱҲİһͷ췢ۣνСͫİвһɲײı֮ʱתˣĿͣͣ
ϲͿֵ֤ԪӣϹŮĿѣԵЦݺص
ͿɨϵϢɫ΢ҡҡͷ̾ǲ㲻ҵѾɣ֪һԣ
һؾһͨռ䷨صǵõʱ䷨صİ¼
ôһŴܣûѽƲĲ
ߵǰЦʣոǸһģС˻֪γƺأ
һͿҲ˵ЩʲôߴһԼûɫ
ЩεһԵİվںЩȷĿڣλǰ˵ǹ
׽磬ƺ콾ͨӡӡʾƣ˶ԡƺ
ãͷȴܣ֪ʵ֮ǰ˵Ҫȵ˾Ϳ֣
ڵõȷϵϢĿͿ嫣ͿԨԴǳ
˼ҡƲţԭ¥ſ˵Ϳ嫵ˣ֪ΪʲôûͿ嫾͸һˡ͵ٳδһԩͷҲʧ٣Եһ룬һ˵ըˡ
ŮԸ񣬿϶¥ԷδͿʼ㵥Զδ̫ʧˣŮôŵΨһ⻹ǳڰϡ
ԸЩͬǰʮְôԣƺ̡
ķӦҲЩŹ֣ǽȴǽ֮󲻹ǣ«ʲôҩ
һֱԱߵڻĹ´ʱЩɵʣ֪λɻҪ㵥
ոտĶϰθڣĺ۶Űĵͫһ⡣
Һ޿ɢޣĶһˮȲ𡣡üŪۿһԵĹ˵εݴͫһŰƴԵʮֹɣе͸¶Ĳ֡
ҡü⻰Ҳ̫ǫˣŮöɲ١ֻǿҲ֮ǰôԣר޵ģ
ţȻһӴܵǰһʣ˭ΪʲôҪǳòܼô
˵ҪĻɴᣡ
Ҫ񣡡ȸ׾סİΪ˼Ϳ嫵Ĺϵֻܵҡǰٿ
СôˣҲ쳣˾üǰסߵҡǰǸȴȸ
˺񣬿Ҫܼ˵㣡ƱԺһͿ嫳ϹϵŮЩ棬ȴаŮһֱϴֹ˲ϲ֮ͥ£Ŷö
ǰҡĸ첲ĳ˵ҡ㣬ժĻ飬Ҳλ￴˭òܼˡ
ҲͻλˡۿһϷԼҡĻֻͼ㣬Ҳ飬ժĻ顣
ӣһֱΪѵİͰ͵ʣһۿɼٶȴں졣
ҡ⣬˵诣ûбˣžˡ
ڲƵˣҡԼȤԭ䵭ϺȻȾһƴ磬ƣõͻƲչ¶ķ绪ȻħʩչħȷҪˡ
޿찵һϷԣʩħȷͬ޵СȻǵ٩ȴҲ޵ķʸҡ⵱һվӣҲкüûع
ӣոСˣеð֮£ҴӵǸջеľޣһ֣ص˵
޷ҡⰵԵͷŮĿ־ᶨǹɴӹ͸뽾סô˵Ŀɡ
Ŀɨɨϴơ鲻ĻǿХ
˵ƺһͷ磬ͬΪĹ֮һͿûĵϸΪ㣬в֪µ֣ûĵϸΪʲôĿǰΪֹûѹŮ
뵽ߵˣҡⲻ̾ϢȻֻΪοʵ磬ÿ˶Լ˼һԸġ
ֽĿͶһԵжȻŮˣڵһοݺѸٱ֮һ
ҲԷôӸղһֱóĿճնҡİ񷢹ʡ
ҡع񿴰ʱЩ̫ˣڴһпеƤŮɵĴͳ֪ǱλϼֱجΡ
ԭﰲΪʲôھΣա
Ѳɣ׷Ϊԭ磿
ЦһҲЦ
ѾԹˣáҡ°ڳһıģ˼δӸԴ϶žΣյ뷨
¥ҡϸ¥ϵ飬һ˼·
ȻѰǸַʮָԼҲ֪ԼϾôȥˣܻ¶һЩ˿ԱŰɫ֮ʧ
û´ĻѾ֪ĵϸˣﰲҿҲһݹ͡ƵĻͰ˵ΪͶ˽ͣ϶ڰ϶ֽţӡ֤뷨
ǣܸоƺбܡ
ԽϢѾˡȸһöɫƬ
ҡƬһĿʮеŹԽϢĳλʱԽԽߡ
ȤȻˮԽԽȫ
ѾīǳöСڻҲùӵԼĹˡ



7 
˫˫ԪǬǷֽ䶯
һ¥¥ܾлڶ֮䡣
¥ܵĵ£¥ҪܣѾԪѥѥ
¥ҵС꣺¥֪Ҽҹ޵ŶʮԪֻжʮ꣬Ѿһֻǻؾúɡ
¥嫵Ľܺ͹ܲҪҼҹӿǻĹ֮һ棬Ѫ֮Ӧûܱȵùġ
¥𣺺ǺǣĹҲʣ廹ܿϻҲ˼óѪͳٹϲоǲС
¥ܵĸԪóѪͳжԱǣϾһֻͨôŬҲʮʥѪ
¥嫵Ľǽ֮һ𣬸ûʸΪӡ֪
¥쾻¥һȺӷۻ¥ԪѾüˣ⼸깫Ǻ󾢺㣬ǹʮԪֱ˼츳ֻϾܽԪ磬Ǭ֮һǿùܡ
¥ʮţ¥ϼӷۣˢ̳ǵĹӲһ֤ԪٲŬµȲ޳һգΪǵϡ
ʮ¥ʼϣ¥˹⹫Ǵɱ˵ƥ
ͬʼϵۡ
ҡʮ¥̲סֻۣͬû뵽ԼȻ˻СţȡѾˡ
˳ӣȻҳƮһ
ղŷһ¥ŵ£¥ӡҡˣͼƬ
һ¥¥Ϊӵһڸոգӵҵۣ¥ͼٺٺ٣޷˽ӣ¥Ҫ嵽ǰˣ¥ڵ黹޷ƽǰħٻ˷ܹ
¥¥ħپȻ˷ܣȻǷˣӾȻùǹϰ
¥ܵİˣ
¥ݣ¥Ϲܵķ۲ҪսӴδ˵ǹ޻̸֮
¥ҵСŮӣ۹⣬ҼҹӣЩʲôӶǿģʵȵҼҹ
¥ʮ¥ζҪˣȻӣĳһϲ̨ĵͼѪͳ
¥正ӷ۽ĸĸͻˣ诵ʢղͼƬͼƬͼƬ
¥ӣ¥ϵͼ˳¥ԭĸ뿴
ҡ̾˿ȡ˸ղŵĵޡ
׽ǰ϶紩ԼǸ׷壬ȻЩķȦĻ޿Ůأڶû鵽һ
ڷͷǿľǸղֵĸܣһ塣һ塣Ϳ嫣һ塣ҷ塣ľڱ΢һ·ѹʮʥѪɹĹС
ȻһݣͬŮġ
Ǭ׽翪쾳ԿףܽǬĶʸ쾳ͣʱ䣬ǰʮ쾳ή⽱
Ǭ¼ĶޣԵĻ¼Ů޵񣬽Ůͬʸ쾳
쾳ϹʱںȻֵһؾޱŨԪɾ黨ݱضǣдлĹŴܵ񹬡
쾳ÿһÿص㲻һһµʿл룬ÿ쾳ʱ׽綼һȷѪꡣ
һ쾳һʱ䡣ҡ²ԭ֮Ի䣬Ѳ˸ϵ
ԭУһȻŮԭʵԭǰʮģϧ쾳֮ǰԭѾ棬Ϊ׽ԶĴ˵
䲻ᣬǬҲϣʧ١Ϳ˵ǰ£Ĺ֮һΪǬڶ
Ҳҡ̲סΪղǸʼϡ޵Եʣѡʧٵʧ١˵ˣֻͬ־˺Σԭߵֻն
޵һֻϷǬǰʮֻռȼֱһдĲҡ
ԽˡȸҡС
ҡʶ˳˱޿죬ԭָһɫ汻һΣʧӰ١
Ժһþ޴Ĵ£ûз磬ҶȴƮѩ£ϸڵϵҶӣһɫ˪Ӵ˲仯Ϊҽ
һȸ߽Ժӡ
ӡԽᳯʾ⣬Ŀ΢΢һɫĿ˿ܣЩֵü
ԽãΪֻꣿҡҲѣֱӿżɽʡ
Խû뵽ô㶲ԴȻĿڣʵΪ
ɡҡӵԸ䵭ĵͷһߡ
һεأ̵ĳˮɢһɵ㣬ϲıҺζ
һǣһֻȰƻСſǶɹ̫ϵĽɫ·͸һ֮У·̲Ʋߡ
Ȼ껹ǴѪꡣԽԭƽһ˿ϲ߽ϸ۲ųص׵ꡣ
Σɽ䣬СƬ˳ɽ䣬ɽֱӽһС磬ʧܳͷΪһС硣
ԽĲɼӿļ֣ȻǴͷõɽ䡣ǸԳϵͳĹŹֶȻб´ʱ⣬һжûʼ֮ǰ
һҪǸɶڽ£һУʹöɽ俪ʼԽʶս˫֡
Լ˼ʱҡһ԰۲
ԽᵽǴԽŲͷкˡ
ˣ˻⾭
ӣи顱뵽ϴҡǺĻԽ˶٣ֱ˵ĿڣӿɷתңʲôҪ󲻷
ҡ붼ûľܾƽҲûʡģԽȤ֪Σѩ¥һֻꡣ
֪ΪΣҶֻ꼫ԵȻӲܸܷһ죬ҾͽԭȻڵʮͻأԽỹӲͷƤҡ⿪ڣϾҪֻڵĶΣѩ¥ٺöֻ
ԭˣȻһֺ⣡
磬ΣҡĿ⿴ųص֪޾꣬Ĭβŵ
ԽȨƬ̣Ȼļ֣ǵͷǾͶлˡ
ҡ⵭ĿһۣڳһͿ͵ģԽ֪Ȥ׵߶Ӷʱˡ
Ȼͣ£תһָӵĿ⿴ҡ⣬Щɵ˵ҹ½Ѫ֮֡
˵̾ҡⷴӦʹҴ뿪ˡ
ͣҡⶢ뿪ıӰԼ㻹δ
վǰ˼Ƭ̣һУԭڳص׵һ䵽ġȻˮתģҲֻڰջһ֫ĺûһ¡
Сһϵײʲôܣ˼ҴĻҪȥҡָ˴ǣ˼Ц
ɲĺڶ۶ˡ
߽ĻҾͰ͸ղǸֽ㡣ҡǡ
һ˵꣬͸еĵ궯˶



8 
īҹĻϡ׺żӣƲסİԼ¶һԵȾһ׵ɫ
򾲾ϲҹɫ֮У˯ĻĹžް㣬ŴΣյϢبţԶ
Ƿ֣أɱԭʼ׾ķòǧɽϵĵ̣ǧȺɽ̺ʵɽֱڴнӡҵڡ
ҹš
¥һƷ뿪Ĵ뻡»ҫ£ҹ뵳һźӰӰɿƮĴ齣ϺȻ˯һˡ
ݶµ⻪ӳ˵Ӱһ˲ȥͬʱϵۡ
ӰеĳΪһӣϵ˶ʱס
׵һˣϧˡӰùŹֵǻ³һ仰ɤƴɬ˵ſϧȴϷʣ˷ܡ
ݵ֣һƺ˲佫ϵס
һź·Ҫѡ
ҡѣһϸܵĺ˾ıһν٣ľҡ֮ʣħ롣
ֻӰԺг֣ħӰгֵǸӰ
ҡⲻиѲϴ׹ժģڴϣרĶԿħ١
֪ȥ˶ãҹɫŨǰһ̡
һƷƮƮĴ뷿ڣȻƾճһâǸ°ֱϵӰ
ܾˡԭרĶԿħٵ˺Ȼ۾΢䣬Ѿɵǰĺâһεϸ
ҡ⿴ǰѾ¶ŵѪɱЩġ
Ȼζƭ˵ģרҵɱôϷ׼ʱһɱǵּ
εķڿзӿƺĳ;ȣһַ̣Ѿһ˲ȥ
ȻˣͲҪߡɫĻڴǰַ¼棬ֳԭγҡȥ
̵𣿡ҡָһһʱóĺӰȬٴѣͨһڵء
㣿̵һֱûĺӰ˴ʱڳƴɬѱ棬¶۾ʹ⣬һĨ𾪺Ͳ⡣
ҡûлشĻɫĻȵаָ⡣ǻֲѰų֮Уɭĺ⡣
ûȺӰӦɫĻմϣ䡱һͬͽһ˲ȫ
ְסĺӰ·ʲôǣһϢʱԪûѣûˡ
ȻʣҸŷڻĵҡջػ֣Щεҡҡͷ
׼꣬ΨһĹڶཻܶǼįѩš
Ҫ˵Ϊʲôô˽Ѫɱ֪Ҫ޸ĵҩ֪طĿǣΪѶŮ³Ȼôáܱܺ¶оаɱԭ¡
ҡʣԭȥˣԭħӺζʲô磿ڵһв㹻ʱ֪ġ
Ҳ֪
š֨һƿȸҴһ˽
ʲôˣҡڴǰȸֵʣоһɺǿ
ҵħǰˡҡϵıЩüЬ´ߵߡ
Ҫˡ
ףô죿ȸЩĵʣûǰ׼û°ɣ
ҡͷ¡
ˣȸŵĲ鿴һҡ壬ûвﲻԾЩµʡ
ҡһ̧һػָ⣺Ǻ¡
ˣȸָ֣һϲ˵
Ȼ𣬵ҲѵõĵؽҪ龳Щǿ
ţ֮ϲԼȾһ˿ɳƣβҷԵЩƣ롣
ȸģִ̧һʱһ֮šһ㴫ţ͵صһȪء
ȪԭֵһȪۣƵסȪ׻һ辧ֱݳ޵˷ָȻǲãҡռȵ
ҡ͵Ŀȸ̤С
һ̣Ũ˲佫ûֱë׶ƣɢ
ѣ˽ȪУ۾辧ķ
Ȼһܽȫɾǰʮϰߣ衣辧ΪȪ׵Ȫʱضܵġ
֮һƣŶʱħ£ҡ̨һֲ˵״̬
ŮԶתƯˮϣԭ;ӨѩļϽһ㵭׹⣬ŨȿֺӿڣͷγɵԽԽ
ôĶȻ˵ע⡣
մϬؾ⼸ôĹ˷塣˷ΪߣȪ춯Ȼһġ
ΪνᾳͲҪϢԪܺü겻߲ݣԭڷоһϬؾĶ֪Ȫ춯ֱţʶɨȪһۡ
մȾ辧һ˿ϣЩɫ֪ʲôɣγһǳɫС·һ߷׹**Ů塣
˿ˮƯγһİԲЩ˿ֱۣµīѩİ׾һ𣬸һԵջ
ƯˮŮȫһһ£·֮ɡڰ׹ӳ£Ƕһ޷øкУˮȴƺھ֮ϣ¡
ջѾվǰ
ӣȪǱж費Ҫ¡
Ըȥκ˲ÿȪĻƽʱһ˿
缫ΪϤȻеĲƽȻЩɻ󣬵ûжԣȥ
ϵĶȻʲô˶ٽĶ£ȡһ߿ܣɫԪܶӿȥ
Ƭ̺󣬿ܻΪһ⳯ȪķȥڰĻ֪˭ĿܣҲֻܵȪڵԺ⣬ֲһ󷨰ΧסԺӡ
󷨣ܻΪһڵķ䡣
ôһҲоĶкӿż⣬ֻҪһ۾ͷ·ܿո֪ͨĳ
ԭֻǵĻǣȴ֪Ϊ˲䷢չΪԭԭѹĻƺֿʼ
ü΢һʱʧ˷䡣
״̬ҡԴһ֪֪Ѿĳֻ꿴ˣֱŴ״̬г
龳ڡҡĵͷϧǰħ٣Ϊ˸Ѫɱ찵ɱΪ˽㣬û뵽Ȼ˿ǶֱӴǰڣҩ͡
ΨһһϢǣŮҲӵرĵ˵أһεΪߡ



9 
ȥ̨ˣҡȪȸ߶Щֵʡ
ڵ˵̨ѾûˣôȥǶǷʲô
ѽ˵ǽߵģȸЩʧ䣬ӲŴһˣ뵽Ȼһ£˹Ӧûڣûмӡ
ҡȸĻһԵ£ȸЩӲһһٵ˵˵ڹ˷壿
ѽߵ̫ˣһûü˵ڹ˷塣ȸ͵
ûУûм뵽ʱǸĪֵĸҡҭûֲϰߣ׵ĶӦͦģ˲һ֪Ӧþ
ǸţҲѾ
ԣǲӦøлĳ˵˿⣬˼ζˡ
ôˡȸȻҡ꣬Ѿǧ䲻Ⱦϼģ̲סЩӿ죬ҲһɵĺΡ
ҡ΢̵գһһ˵ҽͻƣܾ绹̫ȹ̣Ҫչһʱ䡣
ȻˣȸͲŹˡȸһѵİĿҡƿͬͬŵĳȥˡ
ˡҡԺ߰뽫ĳɹĥһŮȴԷתǰɬѶĵ¶ɽһǡ
ͬʱƺһֵĵطյټռ䣬ƣԼһۼɹڰããС
һ϶֣Ȼ̫壬ǶͲɲ˲·̲Ů̡
һĻĻǰ޸Ļż䣬ոѹĵ׵ǵҲܿ챻Įȡ
֮ҡع顣
뵽״̬ҡⲻɱ
û´ովǡ񹬡ŮǸִ߹һЩŮϵһ׵¡Ůһ磬лŮ°빦ͽС񹬡
ͨ˵ﵽؾлᲽ롰񹬡ʥŮһڵؾܽӴӵ츳õȵؾܽ񹬡
ִµĻҡʻ죬ѹƵ磬ȻûеؾͽӴ񹬣һصž񹬵ľ磬ʵЩľ
սӴһΣԼ˵صżٶȣԺ޵ǳ˵Ρ
ѵΪʺŮ϶Ϊ츳ˣʲôʺϣҡޱ롣
Уˡ
ŮҪ޲¿̬ҡȥˢ̳ʱ䣬һΣյľС
ЯŮͬĵΪŮӽָ
һ޿죬öע⣬Ů¹ʵﶼдš
ǰΨһŮͿ嫣ҪΪͿ嫵ĵ£ŮȻûҲ˲ࡣ
ڵķչȻ;ƫ룬ڻû䣬öҲ
ӣǱˮ
¥һжͿ嫴Ůȥĵһ·ꡣΪδµжȻһԼᣬȻŭֱͬӹŮжֹ
Ȼһҡע⵽ϸڡһúŮһȥİʧȥټڶԭŮԼִӮ˵Ǹһֱڹ嫵ı֮¡ƺҲڵ
ĵǸõطҡɫ΢ֱôŸ
ǧİʮ¥ӣϧƬ
һ꣬˷ֲ
ǧİٰʮ¥ѣ¥ӱ¥ײˣӻˣػռλӰ
ǧİٰʮһ¥һôԭҲϲĵ
ǧİٰʮ¥ˮĻөȷʵȥ룬˵Ҳǵء
ǧİٰʮ¥ӣظš
򵥵һţը˸ǱƵĲˢʮ¥ʱ˷ܵ顣
ΪжԤ꣬ҡĺõ˳޿죬óǶõöɽ䡣
Խ뿪Ժġ£³һöָ
ϸ鿴ȷŮڵõһöɽ䡣öɽӵߣйʱ峬̫ڵ̫ϳߣɽ̫ڴĸͨҪĶһСƬ
СƬںڻд;̫ȻйĩڻȻƬѲ˸ϵ
û뵽ǣֻŮɽ꣬ȻꡣϾֻ겻ƴ󣬺һٶȻСɽһ󣬱ȴ˴߷ʼ¡
Ҳ֪ԭС궼ʲô
˵ԭֱԸĽСͱӡöɽ䣬ĺü챦½ŮáΪ׵һˣıҽֱּᡣ
ҡп֮ʣʯ
ҡҡ⣬ȥĵȥɣ



10 
ĵλɽµĶȡһ޼ʵɫһ
˵ڶ֮ǰһλľɾŮڴĵ¶飬뿪ŮԾأһΪ»ΪľǰĵϣһĻ
˵鴫˵ľĻөÿֻө֮ʶһĻȻȲľŨөһǣֻͨ顣
Σѩ¥ǰ
ҡ⣬̩ȥʰ֤Ҷȥ֮ǰһģһ괩ĺɫӣ˵ĳʱΧһĻĹתתȥϾͲдҡˡ
¶ĻڴһɫдʸУһʱ˵
ʵĻڵҡѾ̲ס²Ϳ̣
ͿͷֿٺһЦһƿ
¶ǱȲľ߼ҺųʥҩһʮƷʯһƿ¶ҪƷʯ
ҡĻ˵Σѩ¥Գˣֱӽ˳
Ϳϲ̵ٳڳ档
һͷѩӢѪ弸ǿһϲ֮һӢԴ˶һֻ۱һֻۡ
޷ħūۡԼ壬ֻǶȻĽ䱸ӡȻͳ壬ȴͬһȣޣԲëëڲδϾ
廹û֮ǰʵûС塱ģʱħ岻΢رһ塣Զʱڣ֮սҿڶشٵĻ׽类УԪˣʧؼ䣬ԭС
Ϊ˶Կˡħ壬ŽγͬˣԴ˰ԶŽˡħ㶦ϹſϢʵѻָԶţȴǲʵ
лᡣ
ҡԳһ·ϣΣѩ¥ıʶ͸ڳѩ˲ĿֻٶȺܿ죬Ȳ˷Ӧʧߡ
һȾ͵ˡ
ǧֻɫӫөɫɣҪֲĶǻĶǵ
ҡ˳ľһɫ̲סɴᣣһֻ֣·һֻөɵֱͣ
ԼͬԵʣЩөһ֮УΧөҲԽԽľΧڿȻ衣
ϣĵƯȸѹþөȻ˵ҪչؽͳˣΪŮҪһӵľ
ǰǰǴ߰ɡͿһĽôҲѹµĴǺȸԾȴ¶С˼
ҡ⿴ɵģЩεҡҡͷǰ£лˡ
ٺ٣˵ŵͼ𣿡ͿɵЦһȻһ£ױƵĴյҡǰҡ⣬ҵףҽ촩ˣҪ𣿡
ȸסͿһε˵ͿĹӣѲҪڿ²ɣ
ͿͷڨڨһЦ͵͵ۺ̩̣СֹСүֱӴ׵ģ̡̩
ȥ߰ɡҡȻֹ֪Ĳ⡣
ΧΧ˲;ˣûмеģֻһԶ
޿öȻˡĵͿСڹͿȷ۵ռ̬
ƺֲ󣬺ܿӵ˺ŷһݺܼ򵥣ֻһ仰һͼ
ĵ鴫ͼƬ
ͼƬҡվڻ֮УөΧȻ衣
¥Ϲ۵ĽɫȻһֱɵֵͿ
¥Ϳ٣֤̫ˣ
ܿȡЦ˵Ǿ
˾ȵǣ겻ϱ޿ۡ
ʮ¥У
ը˹
ʮ¥ҵСʮӾȻˣǳԴ
ʮ¥£ԣԼҰˣըȨˡ
ʮ¥ҵС꣺ͿĵȵҼҹӣĳֻҪ̤ò״ϹӲڵĵλСһŲȿûˡ
Դӿҡʹӱ޿˳ˣһ;һĳߣͿԱ߶߶ʱ䵹ǹúܿ졣
СԽȸȻҡ
˵ʱ򣬶ԷѾע⵽ҡⲢǵķ߹
˵㲻죬ԽЩ㲣ҡĿԼֻ־衣
ҡ첢ûаȥ֪ΪΣԽҲû꣬˶ĬĶ±ֳĬ
û뵽ӽҲĵԽ䣬̽˵
ҡ⻹û˵Ϳ𻰣ģôʲô⣿
ԽᱻͿĻҭס˶ٲǿЦ˵Ҳ˼һ;ҲԽԽˡ
ûʲôÿģҪߡһߵӲĿڣɫЩڣǿҡĿѺá
Сүı߾ıߣҪǸߡͿһĵ˵ĺƢڶԸˣǰѾطദʱ䣡
л֪ҡƺ淢ִûмķ򣬳һˡ
濴ȥӰЦ˵Խᣬȷ֪£
Լ⡣ԽĿ΢µ۽޵סеɫһö飬һĨɫڲߣʹԭͨ˼ϡ
ߣҲϣ⣬ֻȵԽԽ࣬ҪסϢˣһ䣬ȥ
˵û⣬νû⣿뿪֮Խʶ֮кϵͳԻ
üһ벻Ҫϵͳ
ôûѵǰն˵Ǿ仰һ٣
ϵͳٴξҪ͸¶
֪ˡԽһĿ⽥ƽȻɽʱòԺӻأӵһʱӵһοȱõҪǿˡ
ΪʲôȥǸط̲סһ⡣
ϵͳᱻ֣ʱǶ군
ԽϵͳĽͣȻЩŲ£ջռϷ磬̾˿뿪ķȥ
ҡ˶ԽĶԻ֪飬˵״ǵע⡣
ȸĶҡ˵СǲǱ߷ʲôΪʲôǹȥ
Ϳ򡰺ߡ˵ģ̩̣ȥ
̵̩ͷʧǰ
ڶôˣ˵ܿǾ֪ˡҡ΢̣ȻȷԽĿ꣬Ŀܲµһ
Ϊ˼ĵ
θҲǴ̵Ҳ±ˡ



11 
ҹĻ¹īɫ֮ϣµ»
ҹ¹࣬ԶĻϣŷөƺһƬɫǺ֮С
ѾٽʱȵҲ˴롣ҡû˵Ҫ뿪Ϳֵòܺʱ̡
һ۵ٿһҡĲо²ȵĲǵضƣƮƮķһľ˵һһֱͣͺˡ
ϲʱȸĻ롣
ǲǸûȥˡȲ඼߱ˣƯҲÿ˰ɡ
ҡȸĻͣ½Ų̧ͷ˿ͷ˵ˡ
ûͷûβĻȸǿȥˣ˿˵׼ȥ𣿡
칫ڱ޿ҲˣȻŶ̶֣ȴŵùǺǶԹĳвƫƫﶺڻȥȴֱùȥڹҪȥˡ
ȸ䣬ҫ۵Ľ˿ֱк£ڶȵ弸ͬһʱ̧ͷһɴѪϤиһ
ǡ岢֪ոζʲôֻһЩĴԼµǽâʲô
ԭЩɥͿʧʵĽ˿ɫ΢䡣
٣ڶϷ򡣡̩̰ȥ̽ڵĶϷһѲõ󣬽ϴʱο͵õϢڵĽټö̵
еĵλκҩɲݶɱģԶʱ֮ӴΪа˲ɻȱĽɫ
׽紫Ӱ׽糣ʶ¼챦ƪд̫е˿۹ᴮ¡ľ侫ܳʳ֮һҹɵֿްꡣԶʱУ˰ǿ
Զ֮󣬵ԽԽ٣׽мصһεǧǰҲ޹ֺܶǳ岢ʶΪ񣬿һһε
ڣǰ
ɫǺﲻӰζOO@@Ԥʾűǰ
Ϸ򣡡ֹҡһע⵽Ϸ쳣źڰв֪˭һ仰˶ŶϷȥ
Ҳȥɡҡ˵仰ʧеȺУȸһ飬ʧȥټ
˿ʧڶϷԽԽϵ󽥽֧¶ҫ۵Ľ⡣
طҲأȱĵطĻһž޴̸ڰռ˴طµĽ˿೯ķ䣬Χġ
أҵСѾͷֻҪٴ򿪴󣬱ϵӲΪȣʱ䲻ˣ˭֪ãԪĴʼ˺
ߣϵĶҲԼ
պգĪ˵ֵڶȣǧɽҲѲΪֻ죿峤ô˵
һֻľļһͷųԪֱӱԭͱĴ᧿Σ
û漸ΪߵĴͬٿڣƺڰд棬һ򿪡
ڴ򿪵һ˲䣬ɫĵĻк£ֱа֮࣬ȶ˿յ磬ɫɫ֯һ𣬾ԵޱȺг
ͬһʱ⼲۶ȥ
µ˭²ɵĵʯð֮ĵΧŨһķΧֻռҪһЩǵ٣嶼ʼרռ
˭Ҳûע⵽һɫӰʧ
С𰡣ڿȫˡŮһֻƴ꣬²ǰĳ
һ˫Ưһۣβһκɫ룬Ե빴ˣǸͷϢı˵ҡ⡣
ΪɣʱһһЦŮţ˭ҲϲǰŮӾȻ°ӡ
϶䣬ϸ˵Ѿ׽磬˭Ҳ벻ڶȵ£Ȼһ϶䡣
ڸ֮ĵطΪա϶䣬˼壬ǧɵĵضΣһգһǴǧ硣
ȣΪ˵ΪĹ
ʮʥ磬ֻϹŴԶŵĶʵЩ࣬ϾʢʱԶš
Զʱڣʷ棬йλʣһλۣһλǼʥ
ԭľΪصľʥԭ֪ĻĹõ۵ĳɵ̫׾
ڹϵĴϵֱʵؾ۵̫׾ʥ
νģСģƽ龳Ϊ˵ʲôҲҴĹ⣬˭ǰиǧѷĺûء
ǽĹʱڣֹΣһǽһ˶нĹȻûм̳̫׾ҲջķᡣڶξŮʱеࡣ
ΪŮ壬θ֮Ůջ񲢲̫׾ӰӶû
Ůûµ̫׾Ҳ룬ҪΪʲôôţΪ׵һŻҪеġ
ˣ˵ʵǸѼϼܣŮ취ϽһĵٲܱŮȼͣ˼ȥֻ֪̫׾䡣
ֻƴˡ



12 
ž϶䣬بŵζسֵոһյĳţڴ˴ĿޣѾûá
ĳһգ֪ʲô£̤㡣
ҡ꣬նСעΧ춯ΪǱвš
϶ȻմͿռ϶ҲʱŰ϶ĿȻ飬ȴϲþϷˣˡ
бþסǱ˺ˡ
ſҡĵϵĽǰ֫ĳ˻źڶ۾ıˡ
С𣬹ʱɲȻҩ衣ҡǣιһԪָķŲ
ƯණʺĿʯϡŹֵĶҡָ˴Լʱ˱ܿ磬ջ˼ĺòϡ
ףǳɰҡ⿴ŲԶһɫǰһ
ǳɰزٵĶڿļƷϣΣѩ¥ڴȱ״̬мʮƷʯһû󵽰ҡƽʱʯ۸Щۡ
ǳɰϣϣһʦʦ͵ְҵͷѪģһǳɰĪˡ
ŮĹȻջ񲻴󣬵ڻ·Ϻö˸ֲ˸ʧЩһǳɰ
һŰɣҡĿ¶ɵĿɫĶЩᡣȻ벻ԶλûƫСķҪΪǳɰԼСͲֵˡ
Ȼı飬һΣյľʶƫƫͷ
Լһ˿ȴһʧ
硣
ҡ˿ͬʱһ˿С츳ͨ£ȷԱܹ󲿷磬С𲻿ܰΣնܿûСǷҪĹ
ǰпƴڰȫĻ޷ͻƣԼ͵ڰȡֻΪ˰ȣûҪôһˡ
ȻеĿ̫׾ǳɰ޶ãɴĹɡ
ˣСʱŽִɽȡһ
һΪ࣬óһƷΪķ˿ƾΪϣıôȽ⣬ձ˵ķ
ΪˣֻҪΪͶԷ޼סķӲˡȻֵķ⡣
Ϊ̫åȲԣ̫ߣ̫ӵ裬˿ʼεþҲûó
ǳɰȻ㷨öһģҡСĵĲǳɰȥ
ոǳɰһ˲հһ˿仯
ҡüͷ΢壬̧ͷֻ֪ʱһӰվǰ
Ŀ䵭ĿͼϹڹͳ۵ϡµü˵³Ļȴ⡣
ʲô
ҡȤĿǰˣû˵
һȥɡƯīü΢΢𣬽ĳһֻ֡
ĵ޳ָͤ·𻹷Ĺ⡣
ҡͷһЦ۽ǵЦ·Ҳ޷顣
˭ҿɲʶ㡣
һѩ׵޻֮䣬գۼͻεǰ޴ŸѿռķУԥ˺顣
Ȼ֪Ǽٵģ˺飬ĪúˬҡջޣƲƲЩδ
ողٿص޻ƷУϱһʮ䣬ʽݹˡ
ȻľȴеǧһǧһһֻʮĿ꼹еʮ޻ѡȡǼʮ䡣
Ƴɱյ㣬Ҳ˵ױΪ
˺󣬻Ϊգ۾ʧҡȸơͿԽһⱻ޽顣
˭һף⿪е㲻ԡ
෢ͫŮĿ⾯Ŀҡ⣬ĿⴥǶʱһƾ˵ĺ⡣
ôⶫ
Ŷᣬԭ޻շתҲŮ
ҡϸǰ˼ۣɫĽǳɰջءþѾʧǰİġ
Сһû㣬ôģҡЦĶŰָеòͷŮչֵ쾡¡
ûָҲ˵ڻΪܵ϶ɼΡ
ǴӶȽģüǰˣѵǰǸһĹľǴˡ
ӡһӤ޵˵ĶԻֻԶһֻѩ׵޵˫տͭۿǣίʧˡ
ҡⶢſʧķЦЦתͷ򰲿Сɲһ˸ĵط
ɫͫһ˿âߣҸò˵㣡
㣬Ҫ⣬꣬ɲҡЦЦĿŰȻгһĨɫ
ĨɫǾԼȻ꣬Ǿڱ˵ܡ
㵽ʲôˣΪʲô֪ɲĶҡ⣬սĴѩޡ
ҡĻ˼һʯ诵еУȽϷڵ裬½ɫͽСˡ
ҽЊǰûҲνڲ֪ˡҡޣƫͷ尲һЦ
޼ȡһ֧ǰһƽˮ汻ˮһ㣬
϶Ŀռ䱾Ͳȹ̣ȰѵĶǰǸԳƊŮͲˡ
ľ˵ľ𣬿ǰĻҲ̫˵ɡ
ҡ밲ֿ֮˰ʱ˳ⲻһķ羰ǣǰĻ𺣶˵е㳬ˡ
ҡüǰһ޼ʵĻ𺣣ûôһŮǺܶģ˵ڼʲôʲƬʧġ
Ƭ𺣲Ƿ𣬲ȻҲǳĿ⣬ոշӿĻо׵ĵӿ͡бڤƷʸߵĵؽ׶
ҪƬ𺣰ȻĹȥ߹ȥƹȥ
ƹȥҡһƬûб߼ʵĻ𺣣ͷСĲ⣬ƬͨȫģԤУ˻ĹԶˡ
ȵȣɽƺһҡԻ𺣿˼ڤȥķȻһֵ֣һ챦
һһѺɡҡ



13 
һѿܲ۵ɡЩ׾ͼªڰɡʲôͼûСߴɡ汻ȫɣ˰ɡ⣬ɡǺġ
ѿͨɡи֣ͨСơ
ơ
ͨ˵ǷֵȼģƩ޻ǿƷŮԭõħǼƷɡȴһֱûеȼ
ɡϹŴ޷ȷĵȼշת䵽Ƕ޷֪ɡ͵ȼ
˵û飬˵ǱƣĹܵס
ͬʮּߣڹĹǣɡµ˿ƾɡ˵Ĺ
ǰЩ棬ǿӦںɡıΧڰɣ
ҡſɡͷЩվڻǰ
Ҫԣֹһɽȡһ߿ܣٿźɡߡ
ڿ̤𺣵һ˲䣬;˹ҡ⿴ƤһţͿһ˿Ļ档
ɡµĿռƺԳһ磬ۻӿںɡı£ȵǰȥ
νּҡҪٻؿʱͻ
ӻгһֻĹ񣬶ɿĽɡһץˡ
ҡĿɿڴĿֻ񣬺ܾû˵һʴѿڶ
ݣ
ʶԼʧ̬ҡеεı졣оͼͨɡκ֮ǰֻǴɡڵκɡûӦ
ֻĺɡû뿪ڻУԸְƲͣϷƺеĸײе
򱻹Ľ𺣣ҡæջظڿϵܵǣ
ҡעֻüͷһ巢鲢򵥡
ֻ񣬿е졣
๣ڣβ
ǫoţǰĹɽһм¼o󽥽غһ
oţһڻĹžѾ񡣾˵oͬʱӵз˺ͽڵѪȱƻǿΪݡĸԤ£ԭġĹһԡoڻĹĩ˳ʷ̨
ﾹȻһֻ;īoţȻڣһսԪʵ㹻
ΪʲôԭûᵽҡЩɻüѵǻʧԵʣoŲû
ܫoΪʲô֣һϾ⣬ɡˣûȥ
ҡ볢ѰҿܵټһѾȫʧʬ޴档ź֪Ĵ˸øղÿܽȥȻյʣľˡ
ͼͨͫoŹͨκΫoûд뷨ȻҲûҪ
oŵצץɡԼǵߵԵʣڻﰿúܻ֡
ҡ侲ϸ鿴oŵϡ
ѣԳһռ䣬ϲʳ֮Ψһϲһ˯ղѡ
Ļҩ𣬫o֮ϲԾµĴӡһǿ׾پͱˣ𵽹ؼõľoһţö֫ožԶԾˡ
ϧͷҲûУȻ˵ջΨһһֻoš
ȻûĶóһЩġ
ҡ⿪ʼɽͶҺ辧𵤡ƲΡŰÿһóȥʯ
ԥһ£۵ȡʮǳɰ
ǳɰȡһ˲䣬oŶ
޴˫·ҪеĻһһ**Ϯҡ⻹ûüӦʮǳɰͲˡ
ȻĳǿĲϣһʮƷʯأҡڵѪϻҪųܵīo¶Цݡ
鵰Եʱ򻹲צ׽ɡΪoһצӣҪǸӲ˵ֱһצ
Ȼ²ۣ治ɫƲεһ룬ʱһɵӿ
ԶԶڻīo¶飬˫ȥֱͫĶҡƲΣƺĳֹ˼ɡ
ЩԶ㡱ҡһָָͨϵĶ
ošౡͫгһ˿
ҡûסͶ䣬ôô񣬷Ȼôô
Ǵ˵еģȣ
˶񣬼˵ֻҪ㡱óoźϲǰɡʮʶȤĻһֻҪҴͷһóԵĸ㡣
ȻoŶкǿĽ䱸ģҲû뷨ɴཫȫ£Լ˺һξ롣
϶նôãҡҲЩԪ֧ɴ಻ȥܫoǱߣֱȻָԪ
ָ۷״̬һ۾ͿһԽͫ׳ǰ๲ıӡ
ҡԼ˺üɽ򽥳Ȼޱĺӡ
oŵվһֻצץɡԴĿƵĶɽ䡣
ҡ⿴ɭĹצӣ˶٣ˣ
ԣҪԡ۵ͨҡԺУҡǿĸޣĸ׵Ķʱչ
ǫoŸͷֻ̫ţǿڡ
ɽͳһѶګoǰԳԳԣԣ
ʱ
ҡһľİƿ֥¶˳˫һ̯
ˡ
oŽɫһţʱǰƿ֥¶ʧˡ
ߡoŻ˻˫ᣬûҡȷɡ
ҡָָ𺣣ָָɡҪܹȥȻһᱻƬġ
oԴһ˿¶ûҡĻҡҪɡûϾܾԥһĽɡ¡
ǸԱҡ⿴צӶ˸ߵīoţĬĬջë֣ץɡ
oתͷָָı˵ȥ
϶ŰĻһһĳһŮӳһѹŹֵĺɡһֻ޴ĻɫϣĴڻ֮С
϶Ĺҡǰ㣬˼
ţ￴еľһԪûеĵӰĳֳеΣǰĺٸһͲû˵ͱԱ͵Ŵϡ
ɋľŽĹشڵϣƵޱ飬ȴñΪɋٸŵѪɫ
ʲôʱܰӸĸģҲھؾôãŶɋмֺɸ֡
Ҳ֪һֱİ褡ɋԸĵͷӰЩ
ȻȵѾˣҲûҪٴһس˹ȥ֮Թ䲻ñ˿ı壬ȻҲס㡣
Ҳ֪ɋȱݣoˣ˵ľܸĵģɋߵⲽ˲űסoΨѪġ
Ҫ֪oſǲӣﲻϧķѪɱūoţ⡣ЩɋͰ褹Ĺǲ뱻Ҫȵ˳֣ػس˹ˡ
ǰô죿ɋܣҪϡ
褵ȥд㣬ֻҪ֪ﲻẦͰ褾ˡ



14 
ǡҡǰΡĹһ˲ʧ
˵õĹǰƯ֮еĹ˵ĳʵ̫ˣͳɪĹأ˾סɹ
ҡʶĶԱ񹬡񹬣ƣŮ£һ˵ľУǰɹȴ͸¶һƽʹԹſڵǿҶĻ
졣̧ͷҶϵ֣ɷģƺʱ׼Ҷ͸һ˭ơעӾˣ·͸ҶʱһɫӰӺֵĳ͵Ӱɢƣѹ˴
ǼʥôҡЩɻüּȻ硢ԾԱһŮӵľ㡣
ԶֻƬй̵仰ʥ̫һΪ۳£ʥϲ£λʵĸź̫ħйء
仰Ȼɿ׽ձĬ˵Զ֮ǰʱ׽ոճʱ֮Ϊ̫ţһƬ磬һλħس֮ʱ֮ΪĹţ羡ȥħ䣬ܻ
׷ԴݹţλƽһֱΪ˽ֵϾλԶͬΪ̫һһŮ˲ϵһЩۺɫĶ
ڣҡվ۵ŹǰҶһ֤ʵЩҰʷЩݵģ۵Źȴ˼ʥּȻϵǳ
ౣoŵĽҡ˼ƫͷoţվ̨׵Ϸ̨Ϸһ˸ߵľӡ
ǣûЫoŽųľȴӳ˫oŵȫòСһ
ҡЩ߽տеԼһ㱣һ˲ʧȥʶ̨ϣֻ«ożġౡ
ɽ֣˼һֻϻƴϪߺˮİ¹
һֻӰסʳͬãϻҧư¹ĺܣȳζƮ˶ֻһɪɪ
ҡֻӣһֻͨӣΪʲô֣Ҳֻ֪ԼǵãǰԼǸͦˡ
ʲôҲ
ÿܿʳͶС
̫УΪһֻÿ춼ܱײеĲ븹
ƾŴĴԺ츳ٶȣζ׷
ΣŴöϻȻֻϻĿǰ¹˵㷹أ
ϻԱ֮뿪ҡ⻹ûдȻһһֻ˹á
ҡ⾯Ŀź֪꣬ΪΣϻºꡣ
֮½½˺üֻֱҹĻ٣ֻİ¹ûжٹˡ
ҡȻѣԼһξ룬ȷΧûΣյ֮󣬲ڹľ
ȷһֻһӣһģҲ벻ͨ
ʲôͺˣиֳһ˿꣬˹нĳֺгĹɡ
»ڹľУҡϣ˵̩֮У뺨֮УȻͶȹһҹ
峿ҡϣѹעܣȷΧû󣬳ѵķȥ
ȻմӹľԳʱһֻ׳ýĻҺɫ˹
ҡⰵ˾䡰ޡƽٶȾһͷЩԣԾԶ˲ֻһ㣬Լе㱻ŵ
ֻĿǰ˼î˾ܣûһȻ˦ֻ
㿪ҡ⾪δĲؽһУһֱڻոһ⣬һ⣡
ôһҹ֮䵯ôɫˣϷʲôֵ
˰죬ëͺ˼飬һ㲻֮ͬ¹ϣر
ҡԺÿ϶ȥɹ
칬ĳȺſһģһľӣǰվˣĬĬעžз¡
ţΪʲôҪʮٸžŬӣʡ
ʮʣ鶼ͨˣʸܻصϴ񡣡һʥҪĵط޳Ҳֲء
·̫֮ʲǿɡҡ⻯ɵ˺̫֮֮ɫĵ
ȥ褡ٸȤȱȱĿʮ壬ɫĹһӳᣬգ۾Ͳˡ
εҡҡͷ



15 
¹£һֻӶһ⻬Ĵʯͷϣͷƺھ»ϴ
ҡѾ¹¶ȹʮҹʼΪֻҪ¾Уʵ˼췢ֲûЧйҹմ̼ܾһ㾭顣
ĳɹЧ
˵ܷùУܵıһõġ
ƺرҡĺȻͨͨͣиԤУϣǸرҹ
ź֮ҡվ¹е̫֮Уƺһֵϡ
ϺܺʵֵҲе죬ȥȴʼ޷ʵ֡ʱиͷһҪ
֮ԭ벻ͨ¾ȫ˴𰸣עΪһֻƽӡ
ҡ⿪ʼ취ͻϣоΪ׶ӣϴȥ
û˸ôƺͻơ׶һ˿ѺۣԶԶ
һҹҡⶼںֱ£ǿĶǶҡһģֱصײϣ֮з·йٳϡ
֮ȿֺӿҡԺУھʼʵʹԭ¶ĺ۾һĨԵĸɫ
ڼˡӿԣĿѲܣһ¾ֻɶ
£ֻ׷£üβ㱻ˣ
ڴʱʱҡΪԲģͬ㣬ռѣɫĹ϶ܿƬʱնεռ䣬ֻһֻӹԭء
Ǿ磿ҡƬεռ䣬۾һ˿֮ǰôѵһֻҲð
⣬ܻشˣʱԴԾžеĳ૵ȻôܳƷӡӵһ˷ǵһ
˼Ƭ̣鹵ͨ˼䣬ֻʮľ汬һҫ۵⣬ˮ棬գۼʧ
ҡⲢ֪ںȴĿѶȼӴе㽹ͷöΪڱһңɥʧ˼䡣
һߣΪֵ˲Сĺ䶯˵Ŀɢ£εл˼ôϢֶߣһʱڶЩড
ͨûжӦǿǼʹ΢Ҳ˵ڽ˵ļЩ˼Сϡ
Ŀǰ޷Χڣһǿ壬ֱ桢ڡߣΪƴ󣬶ϳļơ
˵˺ĵ׽嶼еһЩѹøеѹһֱû
̨
ϣһö
żˣʵͻߴЩϷʡ
е游𣬶֮һģ֮ǰڹ
ǧǰ游峤֮λʧܣǧǰ常峤֮λٴ峤֮ԪϢЩ˺Щסˡ
Խɣһ׿⣬ʣǸѪɱˣ
״ǣ֮ûյһ꣬ӦǻɢԪûѡ
ӹһ˿ȣЦЦ˵е͡
粻֪˵˭ҲҿѯʣĬŵȴ
Ȼɫ΢˵ӣǱߴϢҵˡ
̧ۿһۣʾ˵
ھۺɽټƺˣڻûѹ
磿˼Ĵָһ͸ϸ߲ΡΡ޷ԶͷãȻ̽̽ƺҲ
ȥɡջϸߣޱĿڡ
£ܱۿɼٶȾۼܣγһ뽫ڡ
ΪƯıɫڱʱԼһૡ
׽Ļգ϶䣿



16 
ҡ⣡ôô񶾵ŮˣֻܷܷȴҪӷڵϵİŮӣݺݵĶŶˡ
վǰĺŮ¶һŹֵЦʳָǰҡҡҲҪҪ
˸ָӰ𽥱䵭ֻһ仰εĽͯŮúܰɡ
ӿֳȥһʼŭͱʹĺУ֪˶ãڳû
ڵĻֳᷢ˵һѻҽʲôҲûʣ£궼ûѡ
ŮӾվ⣬ڵȴʲô
üͷƺЩͷʮˡ
ڵһɲǣΧʱմ⣬񱻰ȥ¶ԭɫռ䣬ŮӲȣһϰΪģ
Ȼ뾵ҡ⡣
һǱӲĹŮյʱƲһӽɽûɽ޿ˡ
һʼӵڵߣֽʼ߼ѶҲģʽɵ˾ģʽһһͲˣһ·ıı
ڶһα˿ˣǧڳɹΣνٵ׼˳ơɷǡäŮþͱϽС󣬿ϧûˣĳС峤֮Ůȫ
ѾˣĪľר˵ģļΪġİѽɫԺԱѸɫ
һ·գ׽˲ֹʮбףⷬĵҲ͵øӼ̣֮ǰЩͱһԡ
ҡϾվԭȴҲûĿģҪǣ׻жòܳȥ
ȻͬҡⲢûһ²ǲҪȥʱһͻȻֵâȥ
䡱ҡӦͱǵâ˽ȥ
ڻ磬δ֣ڰЮبŵļžҡܵǰĳʶס˺
֮һ족˳ţڰܸ֮оǿɱţսǿԽԽ࣬Ƭơ
սУʱЩĴŭƺ޾ŭ
֪ȥãعȻһ׹ⲻ֪ĸڰţӿ޾Ļ磬½
ʮĴĳֹɽ֯𽥷ؼ䣬ǲܻⷽظȹ̡ҡĿɿڴ֮ʣһȻ˴󲿶ӣΪ⳯𴦶ȥ
ڤڤ֮ƺйԤɴһΪһߵķǡҡڵķ
ҡĿԽԽ󴩹壬Զߣʧ
ûֱӴ·ǲǴͬһʱա
ʵҡҲسֵĻĹţοڰ׹֮ǰ̫šǣֱĿħ䡢ٵغʹܻʷ
ǣ˵ÿٵص̹أ
ҡ˼֮ʣƣ϶δǵ飬ʱһԪҪǮƵĻ䣬Щ鿪ʼΪҲһ·쭡
ҡ⿴ЩԪֱʵ۾ҪˣЩԪȻȲϿǰĻԪͺԪҪһȼֲûĹźųơٱߣ繷ô׵ͨӲҲóɾˡ
ͨʮ飬ʱƬһöһ۵ͻȻ߻صţǰһΣ˰׵÷ʯ̨ס
ౣౣеɹҡлѣӵЩȻ
ڳˣҡ³һҲ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䡣
пȻҴ£ϷΪ龳һ·񱼣龳Բ󾳳ڣڣһֱͣ󾳺ڲſͣ¡
һӿԽһ󾳽ĸС磬Ǵλһν׾ڲǰھʱ䣬ڼֱ֮ӿС磬˵ȥӦû˸š
ҲҺĵ绹ãȻܻħŪ
һֱ𣿡ҡȹ꾳磬пȥһԵīoţʶ̧ͷûп
ౡӵ洫ҡ¿ֻһŰƴԲȩ̈ͷǴۻƵ﷢ġ
ౣoţҡ۵Сۣ¶УҡĲ²ġ
ҡ֣ͨ䣬ԲëŶ̶̵ĳɵġ
ѵħɣҡûסָͷԲëͷ͡һЦݵoźȻౣ£֮һԲëָмֱҪ̫á
౽ȥëָָڡ
ҡһ˿ǣoƺΪʲôȥ֪Ҫȥͼ
ȻͼΪ̫׾ģȥҲûҪôƴ
ūoߵſڣûüţѾԼ쿪



17 
ˡûҡ⿴ΣһУԹԹŵҡΪˡ
Ŀһܾ޴ױױǰŸˣһϮ̵ȹѣҡ⿴
ҡⲻԾ˿ǰŮͺãתղŵĻü̽ں˵
ô磬ǲζʶˣĹȻбڣ
˭תޱĿҡ⡣
ҡˣĲ˵żȻԭװҲѵһ˶ǰ˻о֮С͸һ֮ζ֮Ůй޲˼֮ףͻƻԭĸɾϢ
ǰʶңҡЩֵʣǶԷΪɲ⣬ʵֵطһģ϶ˡ
ٿľ״̬е㲻Ծ߻ħ˰ɣ
ҡͷ۾Ȼҡ⣬ɫȴʼ͸Ź룺ʶ˰ǧ꣬ǵһܽˣҪȵĴԼˡ
ҡе£⻰˼˵ĹĹˣרԵˣҲ԰ĹѾã˰ǧ꣬Щбչһξͼǧ£Ŵǧ꣬òеǳ
ƺҲûҡӻɨҡ⣬Ƶ˵б޿ʯ𣿡
޿ʯǽ޿ý飬ҡⳣõľһö޿䣬ýǴ䣬ʮַ㡣
ҡĻʵʵȡһ޿ʯû͸͸˳һ֣ɵ
ֻʶ̽޿죬֪Щʲôһɫʼȥһ˫Ưĵ۾볳ˮ
úúãŮ壬ô㡱
ҡۼֿЦ͵żȻ塱ĸֲ˾
壬ǲǵһŮȻ𣿣
֪ǰ˭ˡ
һٶи뺷Ůǹƥɱȼң͹ȼĴڴߴ֣ȫˡ˵صŮ漰ʱһη£Ȼ嶼ЩԨԴ
ȼʲôλ޾ǿļ֮һ൱ǰλǿˣȥȼشһܣ뿪ҲڵΪ
һֶֻҡⲻԾˣǰĴ˴ֱ̼
ౡ͵ҡ벻ɫĵطŲʱû뵽ķ౲ϣŴк
󣬵͸ǿҡĺŻûȣԭԼعĿ»صҡϡ
СѾͷʲô֣
ҡ⻹ԥò˵ƺѾ˼Ļ
ûȤݣǵҡ΢΢һöʱΪҽڵأĵۺЦƳҡ⡣
Ļû˵˵һС
ҡ⣬֪ǰкηԸƱǿҡɵĴ״
ҡ⣿鲻֪ЩʲôȻ¶һЦݣҡ⼦Ƥˣ򴽣Ĺеʣ̫֮಻Ԥ֪飬ԭиûȼҵǿ֮ǰһֱȻĹ
֪䱳ǹȼ𣿡ĦᣬĵĿڡ
ҡһͷϷҪˣĴȻδ򣬵䱳ǹȼһ֪ģȼһ塣
ˣȼһ˸ĹȻŮӦһҫ۵֮ŮЩɲ˵̼λԺ͹ȼжԹȻеŮ
ûҪ󾳣ʲǿ⣬쾳ӦܽȥҪ¡˿˵
ҡ﷭˸ۣϵ˵ǰķԸֻҪܰ쵽һ߾ܡ
ЦЦĿҡ⣬ģҲԿ෴һһ컯
ҡĬȻһζĹ˳ֻ˿̧ۣͷ۾֪ǰ˵Ĵ컯ʲô
ӦŮŮ֪ʺŮļ֣
ҡıʰɣ뻻ġȻ룬ʵʵĴһʣֱ̫壬֮塣
ûȻʮʺŮϢȥŮ˻רȥ˹ȼңȼҵԼҵһ仹ûкʵĴˣȻŮȻ빬뷨
Ůҵ̫壬ҲŮʥŮʥŮ棬ԭһҪŮ䡣
ʵʺŮģľƵ˵һҡĴ𰸡
ǰŮʲôϵıʲôҡи󵨵뷨
˶٣ûеȥˣֻҪ֪һľŮ񾳵ľ
гһ糤磬ӨӨĻű⣬ȥʮ־
ҡⲻĶ翴Ҳ˵̫׾ûõŮͽˣ
ľ֣ӦҲˣȵȣΪʲôһ뵽ֻꣿ
ҡѶԷԺߣֲһЩףϲ׵ڱܾиӵ
ǰ֪Ůģôı꣬ɵӲſԷѾ뷨
¶ղֹŹֵЦŮģɵӾǷӣҹȲɵҲ裬Ӧòô벻
ҡ˵̫ˣ̲ס͵ǰ˵ֻǲ֪ǰʲô
һ£ܹȼǸѾͷԵ쾳
ǣŮˣȻǷŲǵ㼵ʡҡ︹̣λߵĶԹš
زǰʧ֪ȻںڣҲ˵һ󾳺ڣôУھΪľҲҪȫԸˡ
ĵͷڶ£ҪȥȼҴһ仰ʹʱ֪Ļ𣿡
ҡһòľһүүİ֮Уֻ˵Ҫߣ˼Ҿܼ
ӵţֻһãЩǰҲһСֵһᡣ
ˡͻǰΪβȥһˣҡһ䣬ľ飬λһٶųȥˣڼַʲôô
û̹Ȼĳ˵ڻ޷뿪
ǰʮּѣֵһľΪꡣҡⲢûбԵͷԣһɫ
˵壬ҽ𣿡ҡĻǶЩ࿴¶Ц˵
ҡƬ̣¶ηĲЦݣãƺ޷ܾǰı꣬ʹ֪ǰиӡ



18 
ĵÿ𣿡䲻һɵ⡣
ҡ΢ͷ𣺡ã
ˣҲáȻʧЦЦһӣľҡȥ
оϢþľܿɷ
ҡСĽӹľҪ²ľɣĻһϲ
лǰѣȸˡ
鶢ҡȥıӰκظ૵ţ˵Ĳҵ̫ˡ
αԷƱȻҲΪδտĴƾһϵϸŰнֳһӰ֮ǰǸš
ѾͳȥģܲõҪıˡӹһƼڽȥ·һ׮£֮ԴԴɢ
ϲأ˷Ҳｻˡ׺ص
˲ƣֻʣµȥչˣϣ֮ʱǸСѾͷܸһЩϲ
飬زʣΪۻƾ֮ľ֮⣬Ըʧɡźķ̾
ֿҡƵ˺ûͱһǿѹѹô
ҿ׼ϵײſסϡᵽĹһֵʯģŮû֮²㱻ѹƵòˡ
ԭĵķƺܲѹҡչڲԶһͭСϣŤͷౡͽԴСˡ
ҡѹޣֻһţһŲΨһʯʯ϶Ҳֻ࣬һгֵʯģһһӣһǷŵС
ԽʯѹԽڵҡͷ󺹣Ԫݽߣϵ϶ʱٵĿܡ
ౣ౵˰ûȵҡצץСɵҡǰ
ţҡָָԼЩɻĽӹ˷ץС
û뵽սӴСΧȻһᣬȻı仯ŲһͲˤ
ҡסΣСİߵʯǰ
ǰŮǴʯֻʯģСĶӦλ˵ľϢˡ
Ϣų̶ȱǳɰأҡ⿴˰ġ
ûԭɽȻӴɳϢҲʼֱɽСƬһ
ε鲨СƬ﷭ڶɽڵĿռ䣬ָڵĶСƬͳͳ̼䱻飬۵ҡһûСˤˡ
̫ڵЩ¼ͨȻѾɽɽﻹвٺöģЩֵʮƷʯĶͳͳûˡ
ڸͷ۵ǣϢûˣ˵ľʧ˭ģ
ĹûˣܵԼϢи  ۺ˵𾳴ڣѵҵŶԷ۵
²
ҡüעڰյɽ䣬Ϊ鲨ʶ̽롣һƬӿ鲨ֱӴӽָкһɺƴϵ·ڻ
ʱʯıһҫ۵İ׹⣬ֱֱɽϣԭɽ𽥰˳Ĵӿ£ҡһнȡС
˲ò鿴ָڲߵʯǰܾøոǵ׹еϤ
ǰʯĵһۿȥʮͨԭ⻬ıЩ߲䣬¶ĺںɫʯı棬һζİͼ֣ҡοûз֮ٶſʱʱ˶˽ȥ
һζɬϲԺи֣·ֽ̫š޾ĺڰΣ޴ڣĻԪżŴƬ̫ħӳⷽټ𵴣ʱնһǡ
̫żԪεҡЩ˹;
ౣౣǷ౵Ľ˳е
ҡһȻʯõ˼ʥȻԤе̫׾ⲿʺġ
һ˳õϵŮ⣬õһľ
·һ˫ĴڰвٿһУ̺ǰ·͵·Ҳ޷ܾ
ҡصǰ֮ǰǸǰѾʧȥټȴһŹȿš
ԭĹֹһһҡ︹̣Ȼ˾һжһˡǰţΪͬɲ⣬òȸոǸǰĹˡ
Էû˵һֱſҡЩڣһƳĬλǰ֪ոǰȥĶ𣿡
Էδ𻰣ǿüͷ΢壬Щ˵󾳵Ԫһ˰ɡ
ҡⲻԣ׼ٿڣԷ·𿴳˼Ƶ˵ȻϢѡԵȥɡ
ôҡզ಻ѣȻھԶŵʣĹ˶ô£Ϣ˵;ͣ
һöȻҡǰҡæץס
סԪƾĹ˵仰Ӱʧˡ
Ӱȥٵүүһˣҡ⻹е㲻Ӧ˵Զ˵䣬ˣ˼е׼
ΪʲôԪҪһˣʲô²һ˵
ӽ֮϶䣬һĺ÷
ౣץͭСҡ⺰
Ҫһȥҡ֪˼Ծ˵
׽ΨһһֻoţҪǽ׽磬֪׽ĲϾһѪͳǿȱʧֱָĴĵս
ౣౣ
˵Ӻܰȫûϳı壿ҡü˼
ԾֻСoŵǣôණ˭ڱ
ҡⲻɫɨΧһȦεķ
ΪûлȨȻoҪǾ͸ɣ˵ؼʱܵá
౰Сյҡǰһ۾ĿССġౡһ
ҩҺҡСٵԼǰ֮ǰûע⣬СײһɫҺ壬֪ǲǶ֮ҩһֱڶУֱӴյСϣŵһҩ㡣
ҳԣҡЩɵĿǲɫҺ壬ⶼĶᱣڶȥ˰ɣ
ౣౣ౵ͷĿСȻʮֲᡣ
ܴʳҲˡҡ⿴ģʱһ֣֣ŪһСҩҺ
ֻһΣҩһ˲䷢ã޷ƺֱײԪͬνʹʹǰһڡ



19 
ҡʱ򣬻ջǵۡԪӿȣ󾳺Բ֮һŴıֽ·һ顣
㣬ˣһֱʶл죬ҡһ̧ͷĴȷֻз۰Ͱ͵վСϡ
ౣ˵ҡ⻹ЩţԻͬոյֱӳʶеģ·ʶס˸ˣܶĲȫС
˵ֺСԴСװͷȻģȵҡȴû˼עЩšü׷֮¡
ηֻһЩ򵥵Ľҡ˰Ÿô¡
ԭ޷Ӵҩ֪ôײǩһѪŰڹʣҩͨɵϣ
Ѫ˼һƽԼ˫һĻһҲ˱ΣȻԼҲкôģԹԷĲ츳ܣŮֻȸԼŮõȸĻԪͳ⡣
Ҳ˵ϡͿͺͫoǩһܵͬһǸɸĵԼ
ҡⲻ̽ĿⶢŷౣȸȲѲźŮ˹ѪoΪʲôǩ
౸ҩҺѪΪ֮
ŷȵ۾ҡɻѹĵףܷͼıʲôǴʱֹģĿǰռ˱ˡ
ϾǿԱȼȸȻȱƻǫoŸʤһȻҲƣ
ҡаתǧأ뷨һ飬ɽ˳ȻǸû뿪ҲûбֳĶУҲͲˡ˷Ȫû˴ţֱǱչصѳ
ľ͸ˣʱص¾ͷˡ
ʶָ̽ҡⱻǰĳôס뵳鳱ɽ䣬һСС½عĴ鳱У鳱ӿ֡
С˵ɫֻǼĻݣҡϸһǧܡʴϿ黨ԭɽе黨
СƬɶҲǿ͵ģ黨ֿѭõĶɷΧڡ
ԤУԽ࣬СԽ֮ǰЩĶֲƬϣЩ鳱֤
СΪŨҡչȥȻһСgӲӵ·鳱γĳĬɹɡ
û뵽ȻѾʼˡ
ϢǷĶϺü̵ҪһƻΪǧͻԪһƻ̶ȼͬڶһδСǧ硣
ֲöСƬںһ𵴣澹Ȼһƻۺ첻ѵĶ
ĸ֮һһѾƵСǧ磬۹Զ߸ԸѡһոγɳεС硣Ϊܻ֮ǰС磬ֻҪС粻ٲ
СƬ;ϢȻûǣϾǷһԭʼıڡȻ߻ӦԷĴڣöԼ棬͹ˡ
νɽˮ·һ壬֮ǰûϢӳľ޷Ѹٳɣ±ȵϢΧþ߷ľΪ
ҡ΢ľϻȡľԱֳ˻ȲϢ֮УȡϢо֮鳱зӿϢ֮С
ֻܶԲˡҡĬĬ˵˾䡣ľѾ΢ǣ̽磬ѰĨǣ׾ͽĨԼľϣΪ׼
˲ľϵҡֿʼѹƾ繮Ϊһ֮缸ױͲȣΪͭСҩҺֽһΣȥͻƵԪɷ׽٣пܻʧܡ
£ҡʱʱѾȥ£ڼΪȹڲϲľɹܱŮ
ŮڳѣսһĿ֮޳ڱãѰشһ߱ٵң
ౣౣҡ̧ۿȥֻſڷ׷һֻ棬֪ҡų˽
ҡ߲ƳƳֻޣܵһǰͲԽ벽·ʲô־־η
㣬ԼΪǩ˹౶֮ǰĺһ׽Уĵų˵ߣ𣿡
ҡ⿴ڵ÷ĺڶۣһԺڶۡ
ˣСˡ
æӳųһ۾ڴʹҡҲĳ˳ƤȻֱ۾
ҡȡ˽صİƿҺۣһԵķŵҺζסġౡʾҲȡ
ȥһ顣ҺһΪָпʮ壬СȴѾʼˡ
ҡŽȫŵľǱߡֱӱѾʼСɽУ鳱ʧٵÿ׾Сеɢ֮ľ
εȡöƷʯЩۡʯóϢȲƺ˷ܡ
ƷʯֽԪʯ治Ԫһ鼫ƷʯԻʮƷʯʮƷʯͨȴһ鼫ƷʯƷʯѵã浽ʮ飬һ˼һ롣
᲻úײǣҡⲼʼľ̫֮ڵһطط뱾һģһΪһ£˵ƭ
һдľ磬չ
֮
ʯΪĩľ͵һɢһҫ۵ââɢԭľλһŰµŮȻ
ҡֳòһģһһЦ
ãҡ⡣
ãҡ⡣
ҡȻһ£ͷκ泶һ˿˿Ϊ͸ϸߣ·԰㲻϶
ǣڹˡҡ⽫ϸߵݸҡ⡣
иµ׷岻𺦣ĸߵ˿Ժ֪ںδԭŮʹùҡ˸ۣȻⶫ
ǣΨһһ覴þ޷ͻƽ֮Ҳ˵߳׽֮⣬ĸ߾ͻʧȥߵĸӦ
ϷҪȫףʱ޷Ѿһϡ
ȷΪȥĹǾСˡ
ֱ



20 
ľκླŮ˵һǧڴŨ֮УΪĵڣһ·ͨûϰһʱΪླ龳
㹻֧֣̫ȣֱ󾳡
ڼҡԼҲûţһֱڲ޵ȻΪʱʯĵã˲ǳ򣬵չʱޣΪأΪԶ
ҲΪʲôƴѹΪԵˣһͻƵԪϣɷ׽ʮ֮**ʧܡ
ʱ䣬Ѿʧ١ĸ£ϬؾǼ챦Ҳóˡ
ҡôڽָȹΪкСͷ׼뿪
ȻǸģ˵뿪ĵڿз˺üȦŰݡֻڵϣָ׸ǴһţͷСͱУ˿ǿ
౰ҵɡǲǸûˣҡ⻹ĴɡȻҪȥȻҪɡݻС
Щ˼óס۾ֺõĳҡһţһѺɡƾճ֡
ǰȸˡһ˵Ĵ΢΢ףƬ̺ڻһ˿鲨ҡֻС뿪Ĺ
ȥ·Ϊ˷౱ʱҪ˳٣ԼǫoŶص츳ͨ౸磬ܻΪãΪĹϵ綼ʱ֮Ыˡ
֮жսǸ޴ɱﵡ
ҡβٿ磬һ·ͣͣԭ϶䡣
϶׽ĳڲڶȣڼۺɽҡ÷ȻȥԼ϶ִ˰ʱһ»ص׽硣
ػ׽ҡȴ˱޿鿴£ļע⡣
һ·ĸǰ屬һϢ峤֮ڳ֮ʾͱ˵꣬峤֮һŮϡ
ûﰲԭΪж֮ͱߣ֮ΪŮ˶ʮ꣬ϽԼԱ𣬼ʹػؗ壬ҲҪŮΡ
ڶ·ǰȻɹ׽ٳɹԪӤڣҲԪ
ҡ⿴ϢüͷһҪ֮ӮȻҪץʱΪɷ׽׼ˡ
·ǰŮŮӱȶΪĶ龳ΪΪǸζŨ
Ůϴο˲ᣬû뵽ôˣʧȥһЩԵԽսʤ
ļ·ڰǰħԵСĵ׷һϵĵһӳ
ҡζһЦôǵӦ׷ŶԣǾѾô
뿪޿죬Ǳ߻ص˷ҲһЩϢ
ҡüͷ΢壬Ź˷ǱߵϢʵ̫Ը򽻵ȻϴȥϬؾʲôȥϬؾ˵
ִͷβһ飬ȷûŴŷϬؾķߡ
Ϭؾ˵ؾʵһԶսؼһֻϬˣΪϬؾ
˵ֻϬҲǵ㱳ΪӦûģκֻϬǸ̰ɫ⡣ƾʵΪ¶ȻϷѪħħ谮ķˣϷɷħһ١
ȻħҲû֣˵ùˮӵһսϣֱӱһ׻Уˡ
ҡ˵챦ֻϬĶϬǡ
ͫҪ𾳵Ϭǲܴɡ
Ϭؾޱŵ۵ѧϬؾԶݱ޿СϢƣȻԪӤ֮ȥϬؾ
ǿŵۣŵ۹ѧֱλλУΪѧΪѧΪɾѧΪѧΪӺѧѧ֮ϣһѧ
ѧѧʥءѧÿѧһӣħ幫׷ӳʮǰӱӺѧѧһ·ͻͽΪһ
Ǭһ翪ҰӳŮкøе
ջطзҡվھϬؾڵĲԶϾĿڴݵĴϷ
ӳܾҾΪ
˵ˣһŽεںķȹѣһ޴

棬վһȺˣΪ׵һһŮһϮðŵĺҪ˪ԱߵİŮӣɫ䵭ɢһĿ֮
էһվһʮۡ



21 
ʦֺ͹ʦͬһţһԣħŮòҪ׷ʦ׷һ·ŸûԹ𣿡
û˵Աһ¹̲ס
ľˣһ˫ԲЦýҰԼϷûʲô׷ҵֹʲô£
㣬㡱¹Ҳ֪Ļߵģһͨ졣ͬ裬Աһŵ۵Ȼˣ׷׶Գħﲻ֮顣
ˣһ߳Ⱥ鼤ܵŵ۵ӣԭϹ۵ĹȻüͷĿ䵭Ƴ۳룺ٹкιɣ
Ҿתת˫ֱ󱳣ڹȻתȦƲƲ˵ҲϲҲ⹫ƽ
Ȼ۴΢򣬰ĿͶһߵӳ
ٸţȡӳޱĶų룬һͳĮ·һ顣
һϮɫۣīüбɣãƯķŻĺ⣬䵭ı飬˵һֱ׷ܵĳ룬ǲԶҡⶼЩǷǡ
۳Ȼʤһֱϵʵ޷мܣҡһ˲׳Ϊʲôˡ
һƷС
뱻ɫ󣬹һŷӦĻʱԲһˮ˵ôң㵱ΪʲôҪң
ûо㣬ӳƺýͣ鵭˵֪ô鷳Ҳ㡣
ҡ·Ȼؿ涵Ŀӳɱ
˵ˣҡòС̫ѿ
ǸǲȥĻܲõĵһ˿ɳʣβļһƬ׾ͽ˵עתǶ
ҲԼͬİĿͶķֻһŮ̬ȻվڲԶվһֻԲСһһڼǽȺԵøͻأŹ֡
һ˫˵һۣ˭飬ƴĴɰСϣ޵ĺ촽ſϷǳǳЦ̡һϮµĹȻ׵ӣǰİŮӾ͸Ů
ǳİ£ƫƫһ欶Ŀ֮С
ȥ˭˵ȥţҵĲ˲ᣬӿҲӳֱӴؾæʯ˽ȥ
ӳ΢΢ҡһۣתͷȻ˵ʦãˡҲػͻΪһˡ
Ȼü΢漴ҡ⼸۲Ŷߵͬ˵ǽȥɡ
һȺ롣
ۼûֿԭΧҲȺӽʯؾҲ⵽ҡһˣյǰڨ
λǵһϬؾ𣿡һλòЦݺƵҡ⡣
ҡԭߣƳͷһ̣ʯһ£ԭܵĻһ仰
ǰôˣ
͹ֲˣЦøˣӦ֪ϬؾԭһԶսɣѪɷ֮쳣ŨγһɷޡɷϲȺһ˽ؾܵɷΧȥؾһ㶼ѡǰ
ҡһ˿ĪĹ⣬ü𣿡
⣬һ˽ؾҪʮƷʯʮ˽ȥֻһ˽˿鼴ɡ
ûжĻڵĶպûȱˣ֪ǷȤ룿
аɡҡ⡰Ϊѡĵͷ
ԷĻЦֵ·ɣƽʱҷģ֪γƺ
ҡ׳֣šüͷ˵˶ģϽȥ
ݴСɷӵ쾡¡
ĺƢЦЦָڲԶһȺ˵ǶҪ͹ȥ
ҡһ˹ȥ
ģûУߵǶһõɫѵŮӵ˫ۺ˷һۡ
ɺƢЦ˺λ¼Ċ
Ϊҡ˶˵֣ҡע⵽ʮ˶˺ͷʮ磬ոձԹǸŮӡ
ɫĴˣȻ淢Ҫҵˡ
ƺǲҡߣɿ׵ЩȻıܿĿ⣬ƺܲϰ˵Ĺע
ȻˣǾͽȥɣϹأһ˰˿ƷʯǱ߷Ľˣ˵
ҡɽȡʯСġƷʯȻ˻ȥöĳЩ۾΢ɫ
պôҵʯڵ
ޱʯɨŵͷ˵ˣȥɡ
ؾ֮ҡⷢȻͬɫʳռ䣬·һεסؾɭ䣬ʪĪѹ֡ؾ޷շУֻܿж
ؾڸյһƬ˰ɫʯ飬һӲݶ
˵ɷǰʱ춯ƵƵ˻Ǳ߷һλʱϬؾӦΪ˴ǰɣԱһ´ͻȻڣҪǶҡ˵
ȷΪ˴¡ʱɵĶ飬ԭļ⣬ֻһİ׷߽ӻĬȻ
ҡбˣЩȤƲƲ죬˵ɷĸ򣿡
ȻҶ־ڷɷǾһɷķ߰ɡЦǺǵһһȺĴɷķȥ
ؾڵѪɷ֮޾ķɷޣͨ˵һʱڻٻһȺɷޣ첻֪أʱûһֻɷޡ³ǲЩ
ҡ̲סվϵķౣЩ²⡣
ɳɳ֮ʶ񣬼˶ԶнŲҲͣ½Ų
ʵİУһߴ׳˶Ӱ
һһ׵ĳ෢󺺳ҡǰֻһ˫ͭĳɫͫɨǣȻĿһϡ
Сӣǲǽף
ױ󺺶ţʱñһͷ޶ϣ亹ҪðЩµһͰ͵˵ҲС󺺶ݺݵĵۺæʶȤĸĿڣǣס
Ǹĳ߰ɡ෢󺺺˵
ԪϢһ¶ڳûһ֨ģΪһزʶŭԪ
ΪླڣֵԪѹŵͷ󺹣һţһ󺺵ķŲȥ
ţʲôʱӦġ
һֻнŲİԵʮ



22 
СѾͷ˵ʲô෢ٺһЦ¶һڽ׵ݣ׻λε˱
ҡⲻΪ˫ֻյбɵ㻹ûʸ˵ӳɡ
Ҽˣĳҿ㹻񣡡
һټĲӰſѹġ͡˲ҡǰȭͷҵ֮ӰڽһŤΣ˲ɢ
˵ɵ㻹šȻһϷЦԭҡ˲ٶ̫죬˵ٶȣڳ෢󺺹֮ǰѾˣͫӳӰԭز
û󺺷Ӧʱ䣬ҡЦȻ֣һſ״ĶƮƮһġ
Ŀһڳ˶㶶·ʲôµĶ
һ꼰ľ෢ͷƤ飬Ϸȼ겻һԶݡ
ϧʹԶչһǴεĻ֮ͬҰ׷šһһĲҺֻԶڵص죬֮ûϢҲ֪ǻ
Ԫһһнĵ˶ԼͬһۺɵĿҡ⡣
Ƿٵ𡣡İ׷߳ɵĿڡ
ҡ⻷˫վԭأƯһһͷû뵽ʶ
ڳٵɫһ䣬һ·ҡһӱʲôĹžޡ
׽Ʒ׵ֻ֣Ҳеһǻ𣬺ų֮Դڶ𣬱һյҲǱõ
ٵ׽Ʒ֮ڣΪһ֣֮׽޼ѰлĹϲ̽ƶϣԼһ˿ѷɫĸƷ
һص㣬࣬רꡣʶר꣬һûбķ·һ
Ҳң಻˼꣬ǹȻշ˵𡣡׷֣Ȼ򽻵鷳
ҡҲ⣬ɨһԵףüһȻ鷳ˣʲô߰ա
ٵǷյ츳ͨ˵ҲǸĴɱλͷһʵʵЧ
ӣոλӦԗ塣Щѣûбɢ˵ĵλȻǿ壬Ҳǵġ
ɱģֻһͷû뵽һλ
֪ҡһ̬ɵ˵
ȻҪһ׵ˣôδ֪һĿǰ֪ֻǸɵһͷĿĺ췢²˭ѡ
û뵽ôͻָˣҲ򵽲ˡ
֮ôżϬؾΪϬǳԺһ׵СڷɷҵһӣȷʧĲӡ
׵СҲǲңӻûȾͱͬӵһ˺ıɱ˽ֱϢֵ÷з²ű׷
ľ֮һ˼壬˲Ĺʵܲ𡣵ȻǷ׽˵׼ȷ˵һŲʮԪÿ޳һţҲ˵ãٶһֻʮԪ
ʮʲôйŵҲʱ䣬츳㹻ãʮʱԴ𾳡ԪΪеĶ֮һһĴԪ޼Ȼʮʱ䣬ĥĥ𾳡
ڵҩԪ鵤Զܻӭһࡣ
⼸ͬ٣ʮ𾳵ͬҲ޹ֺһ׽綼Ȼˡ
ûȥ򣬵ҡ²Ѿ̸кϷˡ
뵽üкü֪ߣѾˡ
ˣԽỹԶ
ԽѾעˣֻġѾһЩ
һ˱ҡǿѹɷķߣ͸սͬԶҡ־ֺޣϗ廹ɢʱҲøꡣ
˴Լһʱ䣬ǰȻŲ
žžž
ҵ˻ܣɼΡ
ͻأĹɢһȺ˳ҡǰ
Ϊ׵ĳ෢ӣƫݣ԰׵촽ۣͿ֬һ㣬ԵΪŮֹЩŤ
㣿ҡһ˿ȣȻΪЦ
ĸҡ⿴мϤЩ²⣬Ϲ˵
ԣǰɣֱҪˣԭﰲһֱԼŮôʹع闃ҲһֱŮӵʾˣû뵽ԭػһֲ
ֻһ˵ģʶĻ͹ԹԺ߰ɡֳһȣĿ⼸Ҫҡ⿴һ
òʾֹúȻֺгҡⲻһ㼦Ƥ
ʶࣿ⻰ӦǱǻ˵ŶԣʶĻͲҪҡһתۺ˵
ɾȲ㡣Ϊ̸İ΢䣬һУһԪʵĿܴӺ
û꣬仰˵ҡķٵ
ܷҲ֪֪ܱܲŶһƥֱֱɵ̸ǰԱߵĺߣͱߡ
öүû뵽ϲѹöүЩ˶ˡըһƬɫŨɢһд֮ﻹҡӰ
˶ûߵôɴ䣬ȫһ·ı̸֣ɫһӲŤâڱ
ܺãǹȻټģ
ΪѾԶݵҡʵʲδԶβԶĸ̸һȺ˺档
ھѾˣ˵ѰҲĹؼ˵ɽ˭󶼻ʸ֮ģɽҲһҵõ
鷳ɣ̵ְ˵̣Ҳɵְ
ౣౣһֱվҡϵķ౺ȻŲӼһȥ
˵ȥǱߣҡü౵Ļظһ顣
ౣóԣóԵģǱС౾ϵͷ۰Ͱ͵
౳Ĺһֱܹɣ⻹һμôżӡ
ҡⲻԼȥֻ÷һֻ׷ŰˣԼŷ˵ķߡ
ڷ˵ķɷԶҡ⻹ʱӦ
ߵһϿȣʵķڰ˼Ĩ֮УԽǰԽŨҡ
ౣ˵Ķҡ̲סüôŨѪɷ֮ΪʲôǷɷ޵ϳ
౼ᶨĵͷͷһëʪɾëˡ
Ȼҡͣ˽Ų
ΪԶվżˣһ죬硣



23 
վסߺˣȻҲҡ⣬һǰ¡
ҡü΢̧ǣһĨϷʵЦôûţϬؾؾҪԱţ
Ҫ֦ȹӳ㡣Զ紫ˡ
ҹ˭һͻأ߻죬֪ʱµĺˣŷСǰİŮӡ
ӦҲѸ٣Ͻǹһӭ˲Ƶǰҡ⣬Ȧ̡趯亮ǵ㣬â˸
Ա߼˼ҲѸΧ£Ϲҡ⡣
ҡⲻ˷ʱ䣬ֱӼٵڰϡİһһ׼䣬εĻ津ǸԵϣ˸һ𣬲ء
һʶϵܣʹǱһҲûзٵһմΧ˲䶼ʧȥϵܵˡ
ٵ𣿡Ŀ΢üҡ⡣
㲻ҹȥƫҪȥڣҹȥ𣿡ҡջذЦеòһ¼ϵĳ
һ뿪ڣȻ˶٣Ƭ̺ޱ£ԼҲÿ·롣
ҡ۾תת΢䣬ŲһȺ˵עĿµϿߡ
ŨĺѾȫסǰ·ôŨѪɷ֮˱ñŰʧȥǣԵĵҪסˡ
ĵҡָȼһźɫĻ棬ǰһɫĻһֱǰźܿͿһ׿·
϶ʱƬյĵӿͣɷЧܲ𣬽Ҳûҵֻա
ҡע⵽వɫ飬һءЩǷɷȥµķɷʯһĴָķɷʯöƷʯв˽Ϭؾרɱɷ׬ȡʯġ
Ȼǽ˷ɷ޵ϳôһ·ɷȴɷʯգȻĳ˵ķ񣬲ƴ֡
һʵ˻ҡϽӿŲƬ֮ڵϿȾͷ
ӳһͷСɽķɷʬ壬һ˵ɷܿ»ΪѪɷֻ֮ΪԪ֮ϲܱʬɢ
Ҳ˵ͷɷľ
˵µķɷޣԶվһһӰ
µǡҲʶ׽峤һϵĳ𶦾Ϊ
ҡĿԹ߶ϣϤ˫ĺɹ˵úܣ㱼һƬΧ
ͷУٵ𡰺䡱һ£ǰɫݻ٣գ۾ͫ
ȻǷٵ𡣡΢΢̧üһ˿ζвԪȻͷľɷնɱġ
ҡⰵƲ죬֪˲ֻԪնɱľ֪࣬зٵôУ
ǵ˵ԽÿĳԽݣԭţ쵹ǼʶһλСΪʲôһ۸˼ҡ
ҡĽһ˿˵⣬β̵һۺһˮԵóһͨѡĿ˼Ĳཿ
֪䣿ϲΪȴӹһ˿Ī
ҡиһЦ⣬ߣǹġ
谮ѩ˾⸱УĹɲλʮ֮һ
Ҳʶ㣬ȸʲôֺˡ
ԭ׽绹вʶŮһԵĳĻ޵ĿЦ
ҡɻĿչӣ׽ܳ𣿡սĿƵĶȻһ׹ģ㳤ôÿȷѡ
⻰ǿţˣΪٮٮ߸ǳľɫȻ⣬òǴģȻҲôõŮԸҲҪǰͺ׷
ڳ෽˸ĸ˫丸ʤһ͸׵ķ˲粻ͬȻñߵɧŵ·ߡ޿﹫ķ࣬ԭܼ򵥣Ϊһ
ʵϲʲô磬һȺĹֱշۡ
Щ䵭ҡֲ֪Сġȵ׵ˡ
ƽü꣬Ҳ˽ⲻǳּһమɱĸĸ֮䣬ԸƧСӳྫüζǰûΪŮԸⲻϲÿƯ
ҽЊĳƧĵطģһŲ֪ҡܵգգ۹֪ĽΪʲôʶĹ
ౣȻ౴ҡ뿪ķȥ
ףౣҡЩȵĿŷౣ𿴷ֳ׷ϡ
ֻһɫӰɿĴ壬ͣһԲʯϡ
౿죬˱죬ֻһһӨӨ֦Ʋȴ׼Ĵʯȡһ۵С
˴˿ҡﲻף̤ʼѾĻþڻþһġ̸Դʱ䣬ڻþҪҵĶΪƭþڵķɷ޺ͳġ
ȵȣոǸǲӰɣȻҲ˵ͨڻֵطϬǶʱˡ
ĿƵϵǸ֦ϣû´һβ֦һԣһƬֻܳһֻ꣬ȥʱŻµӣƾ費֦֪ټ
û뵽ԽôףϢıڳˣôҵ˲֦֪ӵټȻԡ
Ƿౣ˶벻ѾϢ䵽
еΣɹõҪҵڷ౵£Ƴþۿȡӵȫ̡
ܻܿΪ˲ɱڣԱߵĳһԶôӲڵˡ
ʲ˵۸㣬ΪǸ⣬ҪرһؿˡûбײƵΣ̬Ľװãƺϳ
ҡˣķٵˡ
ֻɧ꣬Ϊû㱾»֪ڻƨƨߵܹ
˶ż䣬һ죬ʲôѿ
ҡⲻɿȥֻ౵๻ͣǿԲʯ飬ںڵĺڶۺĵʯ顣
Ǵʯ鴫ġ
ʯϵѷԽԽԽԽܣౡౡŵôʯϷ
үڴƿˣ
һСԲʯ֣Ҳܽʯ飬Ӧýе
ĸ국үĶСȻܻĴ󺰡
һ׹ǳƿһֻʪӵĶͷϹһССİƺֻϬޡ
ϵӾڵҵҡϵָӡ



24 
״һʱˬҡѿڶ仰֪Ҫ׾˵Ƕĵϸ˻ɡЩƳȻһ˫ֱЦ
֪Ϊʲôһֻ̲סԼɫ˰ɡ
ֻոƿǵϬ̣ҡʪ۾תͷڿ˲䣬ԭɵĴ۾ʱþˡ
˶һŻҰɫӰڵһֱӵҡ⣬Ŀȷֱء
ҡҽصǰһ̣оʶ֣Сһ
ֻϬûԤеĵطЩʧƲƲ죬˽ҲģλþҲԶ
㣬˽㡱ʪںڴ۾СûŮ˵ֿˡڴүģʱ˽㻹Ҫһࡣ
飡ҡİӵϣǰˡ
Сɫߣ㲻ס֣ЦЦĿĽųɴһµϬ̡
ڴүû뵽Ů˾ȻƣûҲˣȻһ˵ֱһҲ±˾Ǹ񶾵Ů
ʼԺеЩνؾ鶼Ǽٵġ
ǣ˽ʵ̫ˣϬĿתֱ㶶ҡ⣬з·Ҫðһۺ
У˽ˣĴرػ
꣬ꡱһط
ɵ㾹Ȼ͵ԱүĵϬ޷һ춯صŭһһܵǶԼĵǡ
ౣͷԲĲݵչܵһ߿ʼĵǡ
ƿǳ壬ĵһ¾ʳԼĵǣΪﺬԳĶƷ׵黨Ҫʤһ
ԭϬ޳͸ȳԵǵģǱˣֱƯС㹴˻꣬һһֻ͵ĵǡ
˭ɵҲܹܣϬһ˵һ߲ʾĺͷ౿ʼʳȷ౴󣬳Զ̻ʣûһ񵰴СĵǾͱԹˡ
ҡ⿴Եòˣװģһౣ
ͣ³Ϭʾġౡų»صҡϡ
һֱԱעϬ۷ౣĿһ˿ֵɫдһ仰Է΢΢ͷ
ɡ΢ЦĿڣӴ׽͸Ŀ⡣
ҡ⹴һƷ˿ƫͷݸһЦЦ÷ÿҺ͹Ӳ죬ͻ˰ɡ
˿ģտڵͫʻһ˿ɫĵ˵֪һֽǬķ
ҡ۾΢УڰʾƬռѾסÿռ䴫ķѡ
˲ҵжôһǬסɵɵվŵץ
ģǼڲ⴫ҡ·û˼ҲЦƫͷ౵Դ౵ڵĺڶۣǵָ
Ϊֳ򶦾Ϊˣ϶ӲġǺźȻԽ׵ʵվԪҲ򶦺ڡ
ٶһǱռƣΪ֪ҪչһԾڵ츳ͨɫݹ⡱Ҳʮ˵ãӿռɴ󡣷нѪĶݹȽڸԵ
ɫϣ߲ʶݹ⣬ʮָߵſᡣ
ιιιȺǿǱүģûĿŵĶڴүŭŲĿˡ
ʱһװӵɽгԲ˼ٶȽҡ˼һһ޾ߣ˿ûиڳκ˷ӦĻᡣ
һԵĳɫ󾪣Ҫ׷ǵĺۼȴʼղ䷨侲֪ͨ磬һ߰Ϣǧɽһ֯ѰԼͣԸϻǧɽ
ҡʱȵ̫ϣջۡ
֮ǰǵߵĹ⣬ҡ˲ܾĴӵ
Ķе㼱ǰʱڳһƬһ־Υѣθ̫Ѩᰴ˼¡
ౣ㣬౵Ժҡ⼸ΪֻصĹƫͷȥֻץһ֦֦Ϲżź޵Ĺӡ
˻лܡ
վĵطһƬĲݴԣԶһƬ֣Զҡʶ̽ȴ͵طһԵ顣
޷ţҲûһ˿ԪȫͨһֲոʱѣθС
ౣҲûԪ𣿡ʮﾭʮֻأǰһҲ˶ʮͨˣϾӦ˹ڱȽϺǷҲһֻͨ
ſ๣ٵƵֻ³һ˿С磬һεʱѾ綼ˡ
ౣౣûˣûˣ౼úڶһӨỨͰ͵ҡ⿴
ɵʲôƬռѡСָɵķౡ
ôҲ⣿ҡע⵽ͷϬҲ
ٺ٣˽ģүԣСܾϬڵΧҡתһպЦ
˽øˣôôƯС㣬ҸȻմǸƿ˽㣡
۵СһåֻǵҪЦ
ҡסЦһʣ˵Ƭռ⣬ʲô⣿
Ϭǰͷе̸е¶Ҳ֪֮ѽ
ֻǿһ𣿡ҡ΢΢üǵúҲˡ
˵ǸұˣϬݺǰٵأ͸ί
ǸУ֮ˡ
ҡһѵʲô𣿡
⸱ίģѲ뵽һЩĶѲʲôã
˽εڵأһҲϧ񣬿Ҳˣ㽿۵ɹˡϬߵĻǰ㣬еķҲ͵౽С
ףһ˵ȷʵһȶûСߣֻﲻһеĳ꣡
ҡһ̵ա
һO@ĽŲȻӲԶҡ⾯̧ۿȥֻһϮ·
ĽŲأٲһЩ̳ӦҲʧȥԪͨ˵Եʡ
뵽Ȼһ⣬Ԫûˣļ
ô͵ɣ



25 
˫ҡ˿
ֶܻб¶һ졣ôͱ¶Ǿ̫˥ˣǻǰֱӵ
ȻڶʧȥͨˣСһҲӡ
ҡ˼֮ʣѾߵǰ
ˣϳĿҡ⣬ʹȻ磬ȫޣɻǸƵģ˳Ⱦ
šҡ⿴۾߰˼˵£ӿ֪Ǻδ
ɼǵǵǴָ﷢ġ
в֮ǰöӲɣԼйءü΢šȻҲԴЩϡ
ʵϲֹʧ֪ɽлһҲʧˣһϬؾߵöͭƬ
ôܣѹڱүƨôöû£ôһþͳˣ϶ѣҵıϬԭرȥ񶼾ˡ
ûŵϬ۹ϵĶ˼ĴתһȦȫǴݲĻĮ
˵ޣҡüûԪʱҪǼǱɳĮޣеˡ
ûɽҲ޷򿪣ѵҪɡ
ɡ۽΢µ΢֪ĵЩʲô
˾ǾĬԣżзҶȻգĿ̫ȻҡЩ𽥰
ౣౣץһźӣųױƵķɵҡǰ
ҡӹצĹӣСԴʾϴĹľ˿ε˵ౣҪҳԶ
׹û뵽ȻдƳҡĹӣԴȵü
ҡĻϸĶЩ֮У⻬ıƤתȻ׹
׹ǻԵ֮Ũ׽ֻнռһҡЩǺɫģ˵δȫ죬ֻйӾ׽ٺΪɫ׹죬֮ҲΪ͡
ౣĶҵģҡְ̯ѹι౳ԣûԪҳĺǱ౸ոճԵôⶫԾǸ졣
֪֪ƬСҵģǱүɵһҵģ
ϬòҵĿ϶æҴڸС
ȥǱߵ𣿡ҡƫͷһ˵ݣﲨԣŴһ˿ڴ
˭֪᲻ᰵΣգ޸֮˵뻹ŴУȫбϵġ
ƿ͹ﲨֻɫƽҡͷδ
ҡ︹̣ϴųֿЦһͬǰȥɺã
áʸɴʯҡûĨһŵЦ͸ˡ
Ҫ˵ƲŰݡҡһۣת޽
ҲʶóȻ룬¹ָ˵۸ˡĽ֮ǰҡ˵Ļ
ҡⱻĻҭס˶΢תȻһЦǰǴǰǿǹѵˡ
ˡֱ˵ǧذתԴߣ·߲顣
ƽһôҪȲԣôֱ׵Ļ΢㶣һڸЦ
ǾͶлｫ֮ˡ
һЦβĺޣͬҷīɫͫ׷·УĸԸСҡǡɶۣһ۹·סһͷҩС¹
ĻͬЦúһĶˡϸ˼ɣڣۿ˲գ۵ȵ⣬ŵ㻹вٵģĴɱ
ҡĿ⣬תߣ߰ɡ
ûЦ⵭ȥıӰдżɻֻ̽ΪϵһǳЦ
ҡŷ౺Ϭ̤֣Ƿ׹ĵط
û뵽طһ
ĿһƬ̵ĺ󣬻ż˯ҶıˮȺľһζ
ͳںϣĹӹ֦ϣΧӳȤ
Ľ¡ʱֹǰĽŲҡͷһһǳӡ
ƺһѺɫӡ
ҡʮﵱһӣȻ֪ʲô׼лһֻҰɫӰɿܹŵĻӵҡǰ
˽ץһֻӣǵȻԳԿϬҡΧתתȥͲҡβͣϲ̵ĵı
Χ¶ƺȻ½ϬԵĶ˶ۿ˽±ӣЦ̵Ķ˵˭ҪӣôɰôԳСء
ǣôɰĻӡ
ǣǲԣˡϬҡЦŵľͰ͵˵꣬Դͷɥߡ
ҡ⿴ģ΢˵ӣԿ
ϬҡĻԭŵԴϲЦտŻĲӴ󺰣ɵǿȥץүҪļץ⣡
һ̾Զˡ
ϲӣҡıӣְ·ȹǣ˺µȹ߸˵Ӱ˼
ѵı壬ֻ
ѵɰ𣿡ҡⱧͷЩ΢죬֮ǰɹ˵ģѩɫµĵη̵ۡ۽£Ưһ̲ǳ۽ǵ룬·ڷ⣬ԡ
һ˿裬׼֯һܵġ
һƷ˿ܵϡ
ʶһֻ֣ǽڷ޳ָͷ뿪ʱָСĴСɾӨĶ˾һ
ܿɰʣͳд΢΢ɳƣҡķպܿ¹ĺᡣ
ԼǶ׵ЩˣҡͷЩ裬Ժ䣬е㲻ԡ
ҲЩ٣˻ԴӺͨͨ۾ϣжʱһ˿ɱ⣺ⲻӣ£
䣬ԭɴҡ⻳ġӡҵļ㣬ҡ⻳ѣ˲ʧּ䡣
һ˫ֺȻסĲӣȵϢĲ䣬ʶҪƿ
һը죬һǶĻ
һŻ棬ڷǡ



26 
飡ƽı̲Ȼҳһ޴ˮһİɫӰס
ĺˮסҡһѹʱ˫Ĳֻεļס߰ϡ
ߵգ˫Ŀ⵭ȻĿҡʶ죬ûߵȻ޷ŴһĶϡ
˵
һʶ
ҡ۾ԲɲĿҪƿĶˡ
ʶ𼸾仰۽΢գգۡ
ĿӣɻǸ侲ģ·˵ĲҪĻ˵΢΢Ҫǡ
ҡһۣݺݵĹסĲǰ˵Ĵٶһ
̬ȼֱǶŮ裡ո׵ӦСŮС죬һ⣡
۴ƵĿŹ̽ͷŶԷι裬Ĵ崦Ħеһ̵βһ㵭ɫ
֫΢΢ս۾˳ĽëͶһƬӰɫȻ·ҡΪΪ
⸱ģڵЩȤɮˡ΢ƵĽŮЩ΢һ̳Ҿƣ࣬ҡ
۽΢̧ɨһۣҡؾһۣһϢƶλãϥĳط
㲻᲻аɣ
˼ૼĶɹһŵƺߡ͵ۣ۾һػ⣬ҡһ˲úˮҪ
ȵǻҵĺ׵˿ϷĽһ𣬶˾ǰ³˿纣裬Ҫֲ˭˭˴ĥϢӿҡ
ƽĺˮڣ澹һʰɴ
Ƶĺ棬κ󣬡һԴ
ҡϢ٣ԭӴʱ뵡İţһ۽ǵɫϼʤգٵĴЩ΢ס
ͷˣ΢΢й⣬·ǧֻ֫ٺԮǿѹƵĻٶȴ
̨ۣŻϺ
̤ϰſҡ⣬˵ͷ·ϣЩһԵǱһ紵ʪ͸ҡⱻ紵ɪһ£鲻ԽıԼ
һξãһûͨԭôࡣˮ´ʮӲϢ˰ϣûԪ·治ɡ
ҡԭʪ妵·߱¶Ϊ˫ֻأ½Ŀӳø
һͷһ۾ɨƬѩɫ͹֣ʶˮ´󵨵ĶЩĺԼ۵ݸ
ҡùŹֵĿ⿴һۣӹӹϣ촽΢л
ˮķ£ȻǾӼεѡû뵽ǣֽ񱵽˷ָˣȻ·
Ƴû˵̧ǰƺڹ۲ЩʲôһĪķΧ˼
κҡΪ˵ʱȻڣ·
·ҡ̲סۣЩ˼ĶıӰ
׼һֱʪ·ĻˡȾһ˿ϷʵЦ⣬ƺµʲô
ҡЩȣһ÷˼Ҷ챻ˣװʲô
ת𣿡ȻѾ֪ôԸҡ⣬ʮֵĻش
˵ȥԿĻҡߵһ£һֻץס۵ڣһֻֿʼʪ·Һ㹻ֱӵھͽʪ·¡
ˣһˡҡЩ°ڴ߳ԭʪĳҲ£ɢڼϣ΢ں㷢ѩ׵γǿҵĶԱȡ
ת΢΢һ㶡
·ڴļ䰵ʲôûУǼ򵥵Ŀ£Ҳ˭ܴںܶǰʼ˱չ⣬ÿ춼Ҫһһ¡
Ȼ²δ˴һο·ڱϣ֪ΪЩ֮С
ԭϾԵÿƮݵۣǰ֮ϸԵ֫ϸӯһաĳɽڣճһߣܿǡ
ȴʡԸеòܽ´Լеķ£ĵһ
ոֻǶޣҡⲻ֪ĵ׶ۣʪոֻӡЩҧгݣû뵽ȻһֻСŪڹ֮С
ޣǶ޵һֱ֡ãƱ磬⣬ŷ̵ǣԣ˵滰ɱܡ޳˼̳ж޵ġѪͳ⣬ɢһּѲ㣬СУ൱ڳ˴ҩ
̫תиһ˿Ц⣬ߴЩɿ½󣬲ɫƿĿ⡣
Ҳ֮ŷġҡЦЦһۣʾķ
ջĴ̽Ŀ⣬Ȼʣȡ𣿡
ᣬôˣҡ⽫ǰһ鷢Ƶĵʡ
ǾȥɡȻķԸ
ҡֶ̧סָԼΪʲôȻҪ𣿡
˿΢ɾĵطķ£źϾĿڣϲĻ»ᱻ
ֻȥûɽǽҪˡ
֧ʹ˵֧ʹͦɴࡣҡ˫ֻб
ҡͷЦһ֧ʹ㣬㲻ȡֻܽ񽻸ˡ
ȡ𣿡ҡֱдϣֳҪһȺ̴ӵˣôܻȡ
Է̬˵лʯ
ҡ޷޲ƽı죬££ϵ˸ߡ
ԶŽ£еϣƤϸСĺߣ˷·һʱ׼緢Ļɽ
ؿڸֳһֵĻɫӽɫ޵Ļ꣬·չţЩǴӻġ
˵ԴΧ׷ҶֱӽԱߵһճһ󶴣Ȼȥ
ϣ֪ͷϵĺˮǺˮһε˳޽£ڵأֱ
֪˶ãȶɢƽֻǵһҶϵҶӶЩƷɡ
һԶĽŲԽԽ۾
ҡŷ౺Ϭض顣
ף﷢ʲô£ҡ⿴صҶĲľЩԾߵǿűնϵǰ绹ճ֨֨
ǿīü΢̧û˵
̫ˣȻȥϴԧԡϬ۾֮תȻ߷߲ƽĴ󺰡
ҡһϬͷϣвҪ˵
үûк˵ܵʱƺѽϬͬĿһֵûԭǿиɵ廨ͷı顣
ɨһۣϬһƨƨ߶ҡװæİץĻ鼦
·һ֮Уҡһڣֻôץģ
ϬԳڴүû͸¶Լ֣ҡֻýڣϾڵķౣֻϬۡ
ޣ˵ֻǶޣϬͣ°鼦ӣЩֵ˵ԼһӾץסˡ



27 
ڵĻҡ״ĺһƳԲ԰׵գЩ֡
˵ͼıЩʲôô󶯾ɳİɣ
㽫ץûʲô쳣֮ҡѹɻ󣬼׷ʴڡ
Ǵץģȴ˿ȶӰ쵽Ƕ޵ԵʻԵʣ
ֹͣмëĶִ۾תٺָȶүǰٶֵޣôΪһССȶУ
ոȶȥϴԧԡ֪үӦҲУҲȶҪСһȥϴ裡յڵϲͣԭҰɫƤëױɻ˵Ĩ
ҡ޿̽żһ̧߽Զĺٶ֣ǣȥϴϴɾ
ûϬްٶֵģֻϬ컨ճ¶̣һһжŷҲֻ֪Ϭʲôϵ
ϬؾϬֻϬתҲ˵
ջؽţź֪Ա߻һˣҡһӲתƻ⣺Ǹ𣿡
żëصֳüЩΣûش⣺б䣬ǿ֮ɡ
һ˵꣬ԭ׵պȻܲǲµþǾеĳ̬ҡ⼸ҪΪһĹ
ڶҵһɽھ͹ȥҡ̧ͷɫɫⴽ΢΢ôɫܾûвõ·
ιǵȵѽȴںò״ӺѾ׼ˣ˺ѷεĴ
ҵļҵļѽôҪˣǼֻ鼦ȥ׷ҡ⡣
ҡһ飬Ļ鼦ǲҳԡ
ڵĻ΢٣ȾһЦ⣺´ιﻹºԴ͡
ǫƣǫƵƽôҡȻô˵Ȼеܳ
۾գգƫͷﴽһЦü䣺»ؾͼݹˡ
˦һˮòСȸǵĲӣ˵ĶԻֱëըˡ
أǶҹŻ鼦ڳݲ˵
ԣȥٴȥԺóԵġҡ޳ڷܵ
ɽﰲ컹ãҹ֮ɽĵȻ½¡ڣҡʧȥսڻɪɪоá
̫棬һʧȥԪͨˣҪֲ㣬Ҫѧ̼߶
£һǿҵ˯ûʲôֿƤƤ뿪һֱ˯ȥҲ
ౣŴԺĴ˸磬ϴ˯ķΪڽų򼷵һȡů
ˣ˽㣬ءƾһůƤëɹҡ⻳Ĵڣ˯еﶼϲú㡣
һһһ޼һȡůЩĪЩܰ
ԭҡĿȻƳһۣȡһ̵֧ѣڴߡ
Զĵˮɣɽﲻͣصε鲨ɵ˯еӿȥ
ѾξҡԼĵʶݵָξѳ
ţһ۾
ޡҡѾɫݵջض̵ѣĽ͵
Ϊʳһޱ֯ξУͻ޵ϣԶѲ
ҡԺĵͷȥûȫѣѵ־˯еĴںʹ˯ķౡ
໣ҵĴأڰһԹĿҡ⣬Ȼ˵ҡ⾾ӵԡ
ůĻԣһС
ԴҡѵĳſƤȻһԵߵ£Դϡ
һûϵ־ٶҲϰǵĶ
ϺůͣһҲ䡣ҡ۱ĸ첲ૣ˯ѵƽһͽë˿˿ƹ﷢
ŮȽˡѹ߱ƽյʣһ˿ͳ
ܴܲûƿҡôߣϣֽᡣ
ƫͷһۣʾݵ̫ˡ
ҡװûпİʾͷСֹҲҲˣΣ
ϷǴкȻҪվл㺵£Ӧĥĥߴߴϸˮʵ֡վ顱֪վ顱ܴﵽþı׼
Ȼ֣ԳԿŮ׷С˰ɡ
ҡеİʾεſ˫ۣͼĳѰ˸ĽǶȣ۾
ʵŮ׷ʱзŮҰԣ׷ŵÿŮֱѹ׷飬ΪҡΪر
˵ʵǸ⣬ܶһΡþУΪĳԭֲòӪһ鰮ļ
Ҫرռͷˣһ˿ɫ
šеһָҧһڣʹʱ˯Լҧ̫ݣָϵӡ쳣ԡ
Ķ΢ƺˣȡһס֣ס˵˯ɣڣûµġ
˵⻰ʱỺŰĵħϸ۾ͻ֣ᷢƽĮȻ
ԭѾҪ˯ŵҡ⣬Ļԭü𽥱೤йɡ
Ȼ࣬ס국ˡ
һҹȥ
ҡҶ̳ɵġ͸϶ϣůڵġǰӨӨڣһ˲ã
˭ģԣɽ
۾ҡ֧ܿȥΧֻһˡ
ֵüʶйͨౣû˵仰ֱӴ
תͷӲԶ߹߸һһ
İϣΪ˲ҫ۵Ľɫԡŵ㣬ˣ˵ƺһ̾Ҫ𻯷
ȥˣһΪһأҡﰵ˾ɧվ嵽ǰεııԹƺʮֺ¡
ȥ˵㶫֣ܲؿڣ洫ȻºͣȥЩܡ
ǻ𶯰ʾ˵̣ҡסЦ޹ɿ
꣬ȥָС
Ĺӵݸҡ⣬ɫЩ࣬ھԡ¡
ժҳԵģҡ˹ӣգգʡ
šЩ䵭ƺû¶л
ҡһڣϱһΣϸţллǽ
˵겻ӦߡԶˡ
ߣӱŮ࣬б°˺ˡ



28 
ϹˣһϲӺ
͵ȡĵߴԭɴһֱߣһһ˦һĺ㱻˦˰ߵһӲӵĶ
Ļþʵʵм٣֮ǰֵģժĹġҡһȦֻкǽʳ
ﻹҪл౹׳ͭС䲻ǸߴϵĹ׾ͭСһֻӲӵĻƽ𶦡
ֻЩͷΪ˲Ҫ鷳뿪Ĺ֮ǰ˽ɫӲӵĻƽ𶦣˿˵һ۾Ͳڶۡ
ڶѾװ˶ĺ㡣
ԶĿתĶżϱɽɫĴˮһء
أүҪԵеһˡӣĵȴȫ졣
һֻ˳ֺǴʿִĺ뿪ǰһ̣һνɫᣬȡһ˶
ҵ㣡ڳסҡȹǣĵ
ҡ⸩Ϭëﲻǻмô󹦳ˡ
󹦳ѵǱү𣿡ĿĴԽԽԶ조ءһҧסһССĿ㡣
߹ȻŮŮһմɫͷ裬û뵽˽ôƯҲᾭ顣
һߣҡԱߣЦľſݵǰ
һӲմʳĽս⿾㣬ʵһгɾ͸е¡
԰ɡɫרעͣƺܱ׼顣
ſ㣬ڡҡһֻק첲ָ⻮˼£΢΢תͷĿ΢
ҡյߣ㳢һھ֪ˡ
Ϊѵҧ˿ڣ弸ɲһ͡
ΣǲǺܺóԣƺûڴʡ
īü΢ƳһװĽ𶦣Ȼס֣Щֵ˵ɫ
ѽɫǲǺƯըýƵĿֵȻ⼸ô
ܺá۾΢Уſ֣ȻЦ
ҩҩҺӦǸ顣
ҡѿյĻصǰ
һ߻ħĴŮƤ¶ֽǸʹľΪʲôһЩԻ·ĴС
ޣޣôϤľ顣
ڲ֪ǰинƵŮˣ䴳һؾǸؾδΪ֮ħˡȻֻǲսĻ飬ؾﳯϦദɲŮò**Ȼ÷Ĳ÷Ķˡ
ĥѺΪ£ûǶξˡºؾһյأ½ƶƾһܾĥŻԵٹ顣
ޣɱǸˣһǼУʹڣҲʼħϲһ¾زʶһŮþΣŮڸվٷչУºŴС
кľһзʱѡ档þ˺ܶ꣬ѡĸû⣬ֱŮӳ
׼ȷ˵ӦŮʱƺͽƻƴ󼸷иϵֹ˴սҲ£ױ¶
Ӧôֵľǰ֣󻹱֪ʲô㣬ͦŮ˵ġ
Ӳ£·ӱΪߵĴ棬ŵ۵ĹҪΪʦ棬֪ô죿Ȼѡһֻ۱һֻΪڡֻ²ŵ޷ճĵز
ڼͣ£ŵ۶⳥²꣬Ʋ赭дһ䡰¡ûˡ
飬˵£һǱжҪҲŵűӸƨɶʵҪӲŵΪʲôƺΪƳż⣬ʵŵǰ
ȻҪЩ°þˣûûʵλоϡ
ûʵҲǿںϴֻ꣬Щ
֪þĿΪ飬֮ǰѾþĿģдĺˡ
鱨ôôʹԸľˣоͷд֣ǡ
ȻǵǷŮ˽ƣʲôʲô°ͱ׳ȥΪʿѧһӳӾͿһˡ
µҡֻˡ
Ԫζͷһξô泩СҩҺԵҩƷӡΨһ뵽ƽķ
ʵþڻһƳӡ׹ҩҺºͣûȷӡͱˡ
ζΣҡ⿴ƺڴ˵
Ũ㣬̩ºҶ룬ζĿһۡ
ҡĿ˵Եúˣȷζ
ϣôູˡ
ôҩҺΣϣô󷽵ķϣȥ֮ҪΪ
ôʱ䣬߰ɡȻһЦֽҶ׽
ԵԴеԽУһûأ
ҡԴûʲôԣֱкն
ץʱһһƨƨ߸
ȻԣһƬһ޼ʵɳĮȻ֪ǻþҡ⻹Ǿǰ·ա



29 
ۻɳɳ𱻷紵ɸ״
һ紩ҡû׼һɳ˲·ϵĻɳ
ޣޣ˦˦Դ³һɳ
վҡͬ紵˺ڶۡ
ΨһӰΧ·һεסɳͥģ֪ĻΪɢ
ҡһʶкͷ౽һ䣬ſ³һѺɡ
ɡһԭŰķɳԾĶ㿪˺ɡµĿռ䣬˿ƺ͸ɡɡһƬҡӦýɡɡ˲ʵ̫ˡ
óɡȻע⵽ªκɡԳһԣЩϤ֮СԺѰƬҵ˴Ѿ̫ƺһɡơ
ҡĿЩŹ֣̫йص˺϶Ѿʧ꣬û뵽ԳƊŮҩƵõ챦ơ
ӿɡҡźɡ
΢һǳǳĻȣɡ᲻û㣿
ҡݸһЦƺʲôЦһǷ֮ˣ϶˲֮£οǰͨɡҪϲѾˡ
ȻΪսթƶˣƷǿ׵ģϾǿȡֻݣҪĳĶҲֻᰵжֽöԷš
л£Ϊ仰ҲҪɡˡЦ̹Ȼ˵ơƣȷʵЩѺɡǷ紫˵ǰѣҲֻǺˡ
ҡɡݹȥԭǵдɳĮһ磬Ůֱӱȥˣʱһ߹ǣɽӳðΣΪŮȡҩ
ŲôȿֶΡ顱أˣ˳ɡ£;ô̼ȣ
ļȻЩ⣬ǽӹɡ˹һɡЩӴҡһֱڹ۲ܣԶֵһСڵ㣬ֱסĸ첲
ûй˼ĶΪҲԶĲһڵԽԽ󣬼Ƭ֮͵ǰ
ҡֱϵ񱩵ֱӴǺɡΡȻɡ¿ռһƬ
໣ƷûʲôڰҡȣںХķйЦ
·԰㣬ڵĻ۷̩ɽѹһϯҿ񱩵ķڶߺХɡµĿռʼûܵӰ졣
ͨɡҪպˡƫͷҡ˵һǳЦ⣬ƺָ
㲻˰ɣҡͷЦЦһһﺬ֮ɫӺڰײʱԶòĵɫ
Ŀ⣬ɡ磬˵˵Ļڣ˾˵ˡ
Ҽס仰ˡҡĿһۡ
˳ɡɳĮͥ˲Ϣ߲ŰѾػ۷߰˴ΣκβˡΧĻɳɽХһ޴УײϺɡȥ
뿪ú󣬻ɳдһɳɳ
һֻȭͷĺںɫӾֻǯӴӻɳֻǯӷɫâɭɫ󣬲ò¶֪о綾
ţɳɳԽԽ죬ֻĻɳһֻֻСһĺںɫӣֻǯĻţŻɳɳɳ
ಡһɡȻƾʧ
Һɡټ˶һۣԲڵǵӡ΢ɶһЩ
֪ʲôڣҡȻָԪǵӡ跨ȥȻǷӡƣʩ߿϶
ӡɶ̶ȣΪҡָһӿ͡䡱һӿĳȥճɽڵĳʬ崫һɸ֮ζ
û÷ͶΧĳȫ£ҡôġ
ɱÿ죬ӿø졣泱ɿĳΧ˶ĳӲųʬηĳ˱ѾǰΧǯӷġꡱڶ
ߡҡ⣬ΨһһûȫռݵĿǿдǰĳӷ·һε˺飬֫м׵ǡ
ιιιȵȱүѽСȷɿĸ
ΧһΧȦĳ泱ԺĿһɳʬѳĿհ·׺ƽضϰΧȦճͻƳȥ
б£һӰӰӣһ޼ʵɳĮƺԶ߲ͷ
ҡɳĮĵ죬ÿնᾭʽĥѣڶԵĬƺһĪڶ֮ӡ
Щ𣿡ƫͷʮȻĽҡϵҷԺ󣬽ıʾĵײƽ
ˡҡƲƲ죬קĸ첲۾ﺬһˮһֻ΢΢ƺˡ
ոƫҪ£˵ͷҪȫȬīüȻ͸𱸣Ŀȴϧ
˵ľˣҡ̧ͷȻЩʲôͷС˵֮ոһ߰ɡ
Ӽһ˿ŭ⣺˵ʲô
ҽˣǸ׸
ԶĴһɣĿˣе㻳ڴүƤ´ʵ̫ɶˣ
鷢չٶе㿴Ȼ̫εҡҡͷ
˵Ҳ֪Ժֻ᲻ֹصҵ
ౣౣԴųܵˣе㲻׽Ϊʲôú·һֻ·
ɵǲҲʡڳü˵Ҫ˽ҪͺһԺûؿɲ䣿
ֻôƻһɶڴүô죿
ʱһضɽҡڳһ΢΢ɫ䣬ɳ濪ѣӵصӿȵҽŽɫĻҽ̽
Ż棡ĿɿڴŴӵصӿĽɫ棬˴֮ƽľ߿񱼱ߴ󺰣ܰʲô
ѵĵرҽѸٽɳûգ֮䣬ԭɳĮһ붼ɻ磬ɫĻѸɢ
ٲ뿪Ǳؽ׶Żû³
㻹ߣҡ
ΪЦЦȻߣһߡ
ҵĽˣ㲻Ǹ׸𣿡
׸Цһ˿ĸо˵ŻѾǰȴƺûӵͷ
Ҳãô׸أô
ҡ΢΢üԭ˵ĽȵվڵϣϺȻǣεĻһηֱӶϾŻ档
ٵȻȼλ棬ô𣬱˵ǾŻӰҲ¡
һӣһȦεĽ糡֮Χסҽ·һƬռ䡣
ٵŻԺ䣬޴ֱ˻þһǣҡٽͨһ𽫾Żѹصصס
һ΢춯ȴþͬѩڰ㣬Χһжʧ
е˼Ȼַʽ˻þһŮȻ



30 
ǰһԴɽϪػʣ黨ϪΨһĽϪߵɵþСɣⰻȻ
Եʯǰһ۵ŮһûһµḧŻġӡҡһμܰѳչֵ쾡¡
Ҷüɨü򭣬ҺɫӴһȪŨ˵ʤµģէ֮²ʿһλֵĶŮ
ڵСԽԽԾˡŮü΢һɻĶһգ۾ʧڲݴС
ɫݵĵݣܻǰֽ߳һȻ鴫
ŵ۵ܡֱӵܻãԻ
Ȼ۹ⲻУĶӵǲƿĿ¶ּڽ廳
ᵽȻɫ䵫վһ˿
ҡһ԰˼ƻ˼񲻽ʶԨԴǳ
ļ£˵ҳһࡣķ£Ҳһ߰ľ¡
һѪĸҳڹȼҵϣ丸嶥ǿȻȲʮʥҲһɱȣȻǰıߵıС
ԭأĸ׺һֹܵȵִҪ޸ĸ𣬳ַһֱǰʧ٣϶ʡ
ʶĻӦúйأƺĴ
ĬȻûҲ⣬ĿͶҡ⣬΢СѾͷ²ٵշ
ҡջ˼ǳЦշ𣬲ǽҶѡ
ԵҲʵ֮һƳҡϵķౣ¶ζЦݣһЩ壬СѾͷԸһʱա
ҡȻһʲô
ûλش𣬽ƺȻҡʶ̸
֮󣬽ƺȻ¶һֵЦݣΪͨþĽǿͭƬҪĸ
ҪͭƬԥĴ·вӸֵһᡣ
Ļ·˽ƵĻ䣬ĿңңĶԶ·һ˰㣬ʱҲѡͭƬ˵ⶫĶ֮
Ҳڳʲôˣʼ߶߶£һʼؾʱĽ䱸裬Ĭ㺣鶨
ҡ⵽þЩط߶ȻԭľҲ˵ڸ֣Ҳ˿һˡ
˵һȥʦΪǾ˫޴䣬ΪԺԥҾߣƵĿŷŭԼԹޣڵȻ䷢ѹҡⴭ
΢΢ǰס˴󲿷ѹ
ĶȻϸ΢Ǵ˽ƵĻ䡣
ưۣѹ˲ۺѾָԭƽ֮ҡʣСѾͷղȥ㽫Σ
ΣܺǱԣὫϣˡ
⻰൱ڲͬƵУƲδŭһصĿ⿴Ƭ̣ȻڴһЦһδ鰮СѾͷ˵ɵеСҲ㹻ǣԽԽϲ侲Ͳһ֮ɱ
˵ѾӼȫѹȻǹܷܷģɢϢȴʵʵĴʿеķ緶˵һ֮ɱʱһֻϡ
òǼù⻹Ϊ˶ʲôˣ˵ҸҵСӿɺãҡ⻹ûı仯֮лתһȻԺһ顣
϶ᱻֻ΢ЦĿŽơ
ģڻþû¶ݣҲ¶㡣Ǹ˵һ˿ζ
ҡȻãƲ¶ô򵥣ƺ֪ЩʲôڰʾЩʲô
ȻѡͭƬҾͰѲΪɡһתԭʧĲȡ·֮ǰ䴫ֻҡĻ
ҡеͿƵ˼ҪѲΪԭô˵ѵΪȥķʽƺ⣿
ǺôͶе˵ȥҲǴײˣ˵;ͣ塣
ܾһıĹƾ׵õľϵµڱܻˡ
Ҫõӣľͼ֮ˡ֪ô׾͵õľ»䵽Ѫ
ҡ⻹ɻŲľ뿪
û´֮ǰǽþǵǴǿеͭƬ﷢ģҲ˵ڻþæ˰죬ֻΪǿͭƬˡ
ǿͭƬʲôرֵ֮˴ۣ
ʲô
룬ܻǰɱǸˣҡ˼лع˸ȥ
Ǻǡվߵ˺Ȼ͵һЦƺЦ
ҡ΢΢üɻĿ
һۣе¶һ֮ڣҲ˵Σʵ෴أ
ҡͫ΢һ˲䱳˵
ǸǽǸʼգǸ˾Ͳӻþӳ
Ƕ룬ƺì֮Ͷ˽͡



31 
޿졾
ķ˿, һϢҪǣ
һ¥¥[ͼƬ]ͼ¥ھϬؾһλŮ, ǺӶûйԸ, ǶԷǸŮ½Ƕ, ¥Ԫλ½
¥[ҵС]ΪʲôһҿŮ˭ǰû
¥[׽]¥СҥҼҹӷֻǳںǸŮûŮɫ԰
¥[ܵİ]¥, ҹӻ᲻㣬˵ˣ㵹¶ῴһۡ
¥[]·˵һ, ͼͦģף
¥[]ûע⵽Ůеⲻǰʱ̸Ҷ˵ǸƵõӵŮ𣿶ʲôţ
¥[ʮ]¥, ЊȻðһŮ, ˵ٵһ˶Ը
¥[]¥ҪľͶĴģʲôԪ, ƶ򵤸ҲҶ, ˳㱧ҼӣǸʲ

ڱ޿Ĳ˻þҡһ⡣
ڻþǺ, 㻹һ, ˻þϵԶʲôϵǰվһȺ, ۵С۵ʵû˼
ӡ繧׵ȥԴ۾ɨɨԱߵҡ⣬Щ΢
һϲ˿ǰλһʧ˺ü죬˿ôλԺĸɣϴһͺδĸ
Ȼǰ;ǡ
ҡⲻɫĺ룬ķ.ڹ˷壬廹һֱǣϾûʲô˼ˣദԽԽӵķա
⼸ľȤԵٻᣬϣӲҪˊҡ⵱˵棬һǣӦĻᣬһҫ۵ɫݹֻһЦ
ҡôżߣȫΪ񾫲Ȼҥõ˲ӣ˳ɻѾкܶĻˣؾһ·ϡ
һþյ.Ϣ֪Ϭؾ¡þ֮󣬷ɷǱ߳ȻֱӴˣɷûƷ
ȻŴţһӺ׷ɳ˲䱻һߣǼߵĶ챦Ϭǡ´û⵽ɳʲô˵Ĺע㶼ڶŮĶսϡ
.֪飬ϬǱ˽ߵģɷԭһѹϬǡ
ҡܻɣڷɷɺϣ֮ǰôȥҲǷϬǣ˾ֵҲ˵͹Ȼ׷桱ڷɷƴûĽ˺״󣬲֪Ϊ˼¡
ͬϬؾѰҲ̸İؾת˺ü죬ûҵȷ֪λõϬǶûõ֪ǲǴֶȥûӣ񾭲Ȼìͷָ
ֱӷųϢ˵ӳһЊŮҵˣϢǼ٣¹ز޶ըˡ
£ҡֻ˵һ仰񾭲շ
ôȻײð¶ˣ̰˲ӣѾˣɽƬոտٵС
ÿʱرĽЩбˣõԵм±죬Ĺ¼ҹˣõö¶
ûֻ˲ܿ
*
׽粢ȫޣһ޷еͨˣ˾۾ӵĳʿ롣νУҡⲻȱʯҩɴֱһлϪķ˳űչˡ
ڻϪ˴Լʱ䣬ʱˣͨ.ͱ޿˽˲ѰټϢվûеõ֤ʵϢǹȥ
磬쾳аʱ俪֮Ѿ˰ȻĽ׶Ρ
޲ɽİֱǼ¼Ǭͨ鱮ȼӽͨ鱮׽ڸӦɸѡϽ쾳ʿһͨ鱮ȷʸڵʿ鱮ͻḡ֡
鱮һḡٸ֣ʵԽǿֵλԽߡǰʮƶ֮˿ɲ飬ֻж⾭Բȷǰʮ
鱮¼֣ҫҲΣټ׽磬ʿɼ鱮ɶ֮ӣ̫̫֮٣鱮ϵּǰӡ
鱮ϵקճλ˵ҵˣûϰļ
ҡʱĿһΪ鱮Χˡ
ҪŸ翹˭ҲȲ㣡
ҡ°ԺӵĺϷû뵽ڻϪСҲ£ƺеϤ
ȿȣǱڵϵ˿ȳһѪŸո˵ˣ̣ΪûܽǬ񣿡
ܲܽģֻҪ֪ûȥˣΪ̵һĿŵϵˣϵĵŤޱ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪվİŮӣкźһԿĪ
ŮĿӵĿ۾Ѹһˮ˹˹˵磬Ҳȥ쾳ǵľֻԽԽԺͿϵˡ
ҡûס͡һЦ֡
˭ҡȻ󣬵ڳĶʿεЦȻ˲
ҡɵԺ֮ΧǽϣӸµĻؿǡ
ֽûˣųΨһǸ
ڳûһ֪̽ΪҲû˸ΣĳֻǰһͷǰΪ
ֲãԺͽСɣС׻ͦʺġҡЦеĶ˵ʲôֱܻ
ǰΪҪ滨ģͦ۵ġ
ϧڳûһΪ˵
ҡָצһץݡһӰɳһ̵ӣֱӷɵ
ž鿴ġӣЦЦĿŰ
ȫصľž飬صϵոµġ
ԭˣ¶ԭɡڵϵɬȻһЦҪ
ҪʱһŰâķд˦ȥĿֱǰ̡
үСģûֹеĿ꣬͡һ̵ֱࡣ
ҡü˵ڻ࣬ͰɵˣĻ᣿



32 

Сʹ𾪵, ԭ˹˲ϵѲҡԱߣƴųȵϢֱϵ
ҡӸ¸·Ϊ, ƺĴϹۡһƿҪ䵽ʱ, һڹɴնֻơ
ûϲ˵ĳˡб£ӰȻǰ
Ϊ׵һɫխȹѣķʽҡһ۾ϳ˭һͷϷ, ˿˵Ĺ󡣽εִԲ¶һ˿΢̧°ʹЩ߰վĺ̴ӡ
㡭ʲôˣ۵ͷ󺹵Ŷ֣ҧɲĿ
Сɫô, ӻ̴ȥЩ, ̧ͷһϲĿҡ⣺û뵽㡣
ϴζлҽΧˡ
ҡ΢, Χǽ, ǺЦҲû뵽빫
ҳ, ͸ոմ˲İͬҡһѰȣսЦü, 㵽ҲΪ˷޶
, һּϡٵ, ˮ𣬼ʹȥ, ֻҪʱŷڷ, ܻĻǼ˵츳ͨ, İ֮ȡ
˵ķ۷ָУͬҪʲôֻҪĬ룬һָͻ֡
ȻķȾ޿紫˵棬³޻̸֮ɷϷȵȷһѵõ챦ټѰ˵翣Ϊһصɫʡ
ҡĻҪ˵Է޲ȤǼ٣ƺĻй¶Ϣ衣
ϾǴ˵õˣ벻ûϢ
ҿϪ羰续סһʱ䡣ҡͬЦȻעģɵ˵ȻҪ̽̽ˡ
죬ƫͷ׸һƿ
Ҿ˵Ů˲⣬˰ɣ
ЩԥĽӹƿĵҩɫ𽥺ת
֮ǰл֮ȭҡлɫЩȻͲڡ
ҡòüĿȻȱȲЩˣվͨҲǰμǸ۾γ͸ͣһ־ᶨ̹֮
벻ڿ׷ӳѵıĿˣ
ߣ㵹ǻ׽ͷβǱȵ㣡һԲŲ
æ׵û
ƲƲ죬۾һת˿Ա߻ҳİԣոսĵֲСδã
ҡüЩɵĿ۰ץס嵽ǰ滨˵磬ҡ
죬˵𣿡һӷס죬򵥴ֱֹ˶ԷʱĻ
ôһƺع鵭۰˺˾룬˵ʹҷŹ㣬ҲŹ㣬Ϊ֮ɡ
ոշԸ̴ӴˣֱɱǺħմһҲ˵Ⱥȫյʣˡ
㲻һôһۣƲƲߵҪҲУ޵Ϣй¶ȥ
ιҡһ̧°ͣ赭дĿһۡԭɫͫ˲ΪɫһɫǽɫɢһȦϺ͵𲻶ϱãŹǵħ
һۣʱͣƺȥǡһɣɫ¶ˤڵء
תͷҡ⣬תת㣬ԺеܲȥǶ
ҡȫ̶ڹ۲룬е档¶ԸϷųİԵСĽݸոպã˾ᷳ
ȵİѰ˿ȥļ䣬²Ǳǰ·֡
߰ɡҡƳ۵ϵİ˼
ĲΪġħȷǻħһ׵䡶ħ䡷˵Ҳԣʺħȷ
˵Ҳ֪ǳ츳ͨӳֵħͫͫһЩ
*
˵ֻҪޣҡЩȵüĿ͸ŹŹ֮ɫȣ޿Ҫѷɫ١
ҸʵҪˣ֮ǰһֱûʲô֪޵ϡΪҾɴһֻ޸ˡҡԺ˫۰Ͱ͵ҡ⡣
ҡü΢һԵûѰҷ޵Ĺؼ
ҡɻ󣬿˿󣬲Žһһʮĺҡһ顣
黹Ҫĸ׽ĸޱ쾿һеȼ֧ӣʱͳ֮츳Ϊ֧ӣֵ˵֧ˣ˵õԴбԭеĲõ
΢˽Ķ֪һҪȡóɾͱ벻ʯϣͶԶҲĴšҲӲֱ뿪崳޵ʱ֪ġ
ϧǣѰҷһȥпѾ⡣
츳ߣѾǷ쾿Сʦ츳ǰɹͨ鱮ڷ쾿Сĺ䶯
ˣΣȻ֮ǰѾܹΰ㣬ȻоյĶȹвһαһϾһżȻгһԷ޵ϢΪ
ҵ֧ˣ˵÷ţ˸ոһ
ˡֱԣ㸸Ҳûҵޣкҵҡָһ˿棬ĵƳһʣƺϢȤ
񣬶е죬ԴҸ뿪þò飬ұһֱڰռ޵ϢѾЩüĿʹԺҲ̤Ҹ״ǰ߹·
ȻˣԹݣαҷһҡתͷЦЦĿų룬ʲôֵ£ģڱ¶ģ޷Ǿǡٵ
˵зٵ𣬶ǡ㣬ˡĿƵĶҡ⿴
ҡﴽȻ⣺Ҽǵϻ㣬㻹׷ѧӳţôż¡
׷˺ҺһҪ˵ҸʵĵһΣ׷ϾʹˣͦͦأȻ˵
˵¼˵ѾϲˣǸѪĴɽȥɣ
ˣ˵ڳ˵껰һԽԽǼ



33 
һҰɫӰ缲ɴܽ, ʪ¹ð⣬ûɫӰ, ءһֱ˵
, 󡭡ףأϲ̵˵뻳־Ҫ, Ȼһ㲻Ծأĵֲ˲䣬޹̧ͷһɫˡ
ֲû, ԭǸδɵĻëѾͷ
ԭԻٶʮ̻һЩø, ıԹĹĵİӻﾾ, ݺݵ˵ո˵ʲô
Ϊ, ԣһΪһΪħ, ûʲôζھȻһֻëûС޳Ц
˵ǸûصĻëѾͷıͷȻħСѾͷ, ħ, Ϲո˷ܹܵ
Բ, ˫Ŵڵҧгݵ˵б˵һ飿
ؼĻˣڷĽ, һܵҡȥˡ
ȥ͵ҡ⿴۴°ϻû, һ, ְֹͲ䵽ϡ
ƲƲӲϹŵɽȡһҵĨĨܵҡĴȣ·ҵɽ㣬̽ԴƵĿų룺û˳ƢԺ϶û˸Ҫ㡣
˵һ޹ͷҡ˵˽㣬ͳѾͷһӰòģ
飡ҡ̲סһԴϣڽʵ̫ˣȻǺħô
˼ǻħ幫Ѫħģ
벻֪ʱһ޴ĺɫŶҡĴڣ˵ëûɫߣˣ
ĵԲ˼ٶȹסڵĲӣûһڲӺǰһߣһصġաȻðǣһ˲ֱ˲Ƶ˴ſڡ
ԣѾͷץң˵仰˳ȥӰʧӰ١
һĬҡεҡҡͷһƳţСһﲻ£ҴǸ
Ϭ̣뿴ŵϵİӡɲջصһԲë´ץ֪Ϊʲô죡
ҡ۾ĬƬ̲ŵͷʵҲ˽ڵʵ뿪Ϭؾ˯һֱǰѡ
þƣҡһֱעڽϺ˴ڣ⵽ʱųһԭڵصĺɡԸ
صϬؾججźɡӲҪͷҡԼļʲôȻǴġ٤ҮŮ˿ˡ
ϵϬؾһҧģҡЩģĲ²⣬ֻ㱳Ϭ䲻⣬Ǳƶġ
ôڻ˵ֻϬһƣвǳĽƶԴӶ֪ûϳǹûơ
óղŵΣѹ»ֻɶСɫԺ󣬽´طϡ
ҡعתᲨ٣¶һ޵Цݣ빫Ƽˮ꣬Ίȴ֮
̫ˡϲɫƫͷһԵʾڷ޵Ϣͼƻҡ⡣
˵ȲĽϳȥһԵ˫ֳ°۰Ͱ͵עҡ⣬ʣ㣬ʵһֱи㡭
һҡı飬ҡ̿߹ͣڳ벱£ۺϷʵЦҪʵ޷ش㣬塣
˲Ǻ죬˸߳ŭ˵ţŲ⡭
ʣ͹ʲôϵĿɫĶҡؿ˰죬ǵԭҪʵ⡣
ҡĿ΢٣紺˳ָżϵһ˿棬κ¶һ˿ζЦƳ۳룬ʲôϵʲôϵ
Ľĵ¹ϵѽһЦڰ׷¶Ȥɫ
ҡⵥ֧°ͣü΢̧ЩĵĪϲ
ôܣ¶֪ǽ䱸ɫüͷܼӬƶˣϲ͡
֮ǰϬؾҺչȵļɡʵڲǼ¡
ҡⴽǴЦųıԹ͹ȻҲɵºҲӦذΪ¡
ټýųײûʲô֪ʱҲϬؾ
㣬㻹ûңǵʲôϵûҪϢ벻ĵļ׷ʡ
֮µֹϵҡ¶һЦʱȻɫ΢վ뱧ǸһЦ
ǸҺȻһ£Ҫʧˡ
*
˷塣
ӱչصıг罫շص
ˣ鵽ôޱ۽΢Ȼʵ
αչʱ䲻ȥƺûʲô仯ϸ۲۾ͻᷢԭͫĨѾʧҲȴǰΪ
˶٣͵͵ſڣˡܣδƺһ¶ϬؾһƬհס
ֻҲ޷
鲻ôɫĪֻ˲鲻һǴǰһֱˣһûˡ
һأ
Ȼ΢һӣɽ
ԭʵպȻѹѹƺصƲӿͬƲߣһѹ˴ѹ£
ӡȸҴҵ߹ɫա
ŷӿĽƣü΢ȸʲôʱ󾳵ģ
ȸҧҧǱϹϾĴ󲻾þͽˣȻչأΪһǧȾˡ
ȸ˵껰ӿ׽ƺѾȲһɫ׹ƲгֱɽһԺ䡣
һɫϲŲæӭ׽٣ǵɫ׽ײϣͬˮˮ棬ֻƬ̾ʧ
ţ׽ٽ΢΢˲׽٣һ˿Ѻۣĵ׽٣ͬľ棬ʱпܱ⡭
ĵ׽֮󣬽ͣȴ·ƴ׽١
ڵصİɫӰһӣʧȡһ죬һ׽첼Χ
׽ٷĳ.ҡ󷨵ֵס󲿷׽٣׽ϣɫһ֡
ƲϾ£ϵʱ֮ǰ׽в˼¶Ľѹ١
Ʋеɫ׹⣬һ˻ɽ
ԭר׼Կ׽ٵķ.ҡƺӦʲôķһۣĮĿ⣬ʲôҲûС
εѹƽҡӵվֱշɵգƺҪֱ**Ӳ׽١
ˮͰִɫ׽ٹЮƣž޴ĺҡȥͷȻֳһֵɹƴƴɹд׽ٻɹϣ׹⽫ɹ
ɹ׽໥֮ʣһâɹ׽ƺâɣԽԽС
⵽âɹµӰɫĪ⣬¶һ˿Ź֮ɫƫͷȸҹʲôʱģ
ȸڸ΢ЦЦһ䣺ԭա



34 
ҡٴθܵľ̬ٶ, ʱླԪмƿ, ֹǷ˼, ֱš
ɹȹʮһ׽֮ή٣.Ů޹εеħצ, ͼѰȴʼκβһ·˳˼顣
ȹ٣ζŽԪ辭ķ׽£Ʋ㽵ŨΪ, лЩƬ, ʱ˷Ϸ, 黨ޡɹɽӰ, עĿǵǿӨӨıӰ
ʵı񣬴بϢ, ǧɽĲľԼͬˣľ, ƺڹӭǵ
ԭվһԵϷɽ, ǧɽ˵Ĺע, һʱ䲻ǧɽķ̽ӡ
󣬵Ǹ˲ٷ˵ĲӬǿñɫĪ, ȴЩΪȻ
, ǿǡעǰı, ̲סʵ
ûлش⣬Ķڳ˵ǵţһҲ͸¶
ľôû뵽־µһֻС˵ǲ֪ǸŮʲôϵ
üڰսϴӵİŮӣԺ˼ǧڶʧƺд㣬ԽƺҲʲôһֱڰд̽Ϣ
ǣһʱʧȥӦΪ϶롣ȻŵĸӰһͨꡣʱ£Ը׷Ϣ˭֪׽Ҳ鲻˿·ˡ
ȻЩͬѰʱδһֻϣ²ҲͲ֮ˡϵǸհ׵Ĺһ²⡣
֪һЩֱ϶俪ٿռ䣬ҡһԱϵ丸ķʽҲܽΪκȻҪȥȡ
һóľ壬շٵƺҲǲܡڵǣҡıǷ϶䣬Ƿ񲢷żȻǸЊŮϬؾǷҲζ
ĳô
ò˵˶иͨϲ̫࣬ԼԲһıѾҡϵ׽֣ҡ֪»ᳰһ䣺꣬ʵ̫ˣ
Ϊʲôڊ˶ҡı壬顢Ϊԭ˳ֵʱ̫ɣ©̫Լˣݣ᷸ô޴ĴԸʶͬһˡ
˵δһ²ȫų쾳ʱʲôϵһ֪
ңԶĻϪ򣬱̵ҡⲻ֪ƫֻ֪ķ/Ѿ¶ӳϵһЩʲô¾عӲԶˡ
ľĳ裬ͬΪľľΪ۴ڶλǱ֪ľ޵𶯳̶Ȳڲ֮¡
ǧɽ󣬿ѾĳЩв֪/ɽô󶯾Ը¶/Ĵǰɽ
η/ȻһЩ鷳˵ڱסȻ廹Ԫζȹ׽ѾһЩգ˷/طȻ/̣ǰһͷˮҪöˡ
Ӧ/ȫȹ̣ҡ˿жʵаȫУһζհǰ˺ֻԽԽ
*
ޱΪ꣬Ͱɽһѵ봩С
һɽ䣬ƺ֡
ϬţٳͰˣ
үϬϬ֪ƽسŮˣȻûʶ
ǺǣޣҲ֪ĸɫֱӱˡ
ѾͷҪΪǳ঵ŮڴүͲ㣡
ҡקסĴڣﰵԭħħʵֽгড
ѣ֪жãƫͷŵͼͣͣѾһ˺üʱˣǺջ
ۿ찵ˣҲ˵һʱ伸ֺջ
ѾѰķޣ޵ӰӶû
û˵һƺߴӳ﷢ؿ³һڰѪղҰף亹졣
ҸµĽơ
ҡüûóȻǰӽ㻹ŵȥ
û£Ͳ÷ŹʶȻ䷢ޱ䣬ԭ峺ӱѪ֮ǰĹ龫֡
·ħ幫еƺ顣
֪ʲôԭЩ԰׵𽥻ָѪɫ
һԵšüƺʲô
˵ڷ޵ôҡĿ΢Է˳ħͫƣֻǵ׷¡
üһЩɵ˵䣬֪λá
㻹˼򵥣˵׳Ϣһһ˿⣬Ҫñ˽ȵǡ
Ѿͷ˵ĲǸϽץʱҰɣ˵үû޳ʲôأ
ҡקŵĴڲ
ϵߣǸĿԴһЩջرͿдѰ˸ĵͼ
һȷߡ
ûгʹڳ죬һ·˲٣ͬʱҲѹࡣ
һȡȻͣ½Ųϸ鿴ϵҶ
Щͣ½ŲƳƬҶЩ⣺ͣʲôĪȰҹ
Ƿ޵ĽӡûʮָּҶ˵
ҡĿȥֻҶиֿ֮¼İ÷εĽӡôϸ΢ĲͬһĶڣ龳Ȼȷ֣츳ʦ۲ͨ˿ɱȡ
ȷǷ޵ĽӡȻɣɫԻ˹
鲻Խ¶һЦݣһ֣صͷ¿ҸָΣֽӡԲŪ
˺üϢй¶е޵ټҡҲԾšü
ڸϸѰңȻ˸÷νӡȡǰĲԻأڸ
ౣԭʵҡϵķ౺ȻһУΪŶСĳٶȴֻܿӰ
ڷ֮һͬһһֻĹïܵɳֻſ๣ȵĻ漸Ƭȼ
һɻصĻϢؼӣŮĳ౽ɻԭķ
𣬻
ҡһҲԹԵĻصϡ
ûһ߳ˡ



35 
ҡ⿴˲۳, ֪˵ġϲĲϲӳˡ
ףæųͶʦ־ȻʱֵܵطȻȿ, ˫ֻ, żڽЦбֵӡ
ӳڰǰԪӤΪնɱ˳Ѫˣ˲С𶯡ѪȻǽȴʵʵĳںΪı¸ڶͷ۲, ӳԪӤնɱѪˣΪڵĺˡ
޿쾳Ǭͷ֧֮ӳһʱѹ֧˵ġ
ӳûǽҡ, һı䵭Įвӣ
ֿżɽԸ, ҡ⻹ͦкøе, 벻Ҵ, ۾ԱߵŮŮ䣬Цһ, β̵תΣûΣ
ӳü΢ƺģɵ̬Щ֪οڡ
, ȴ֪ԺδԭĬİŮӺȻ, ͸һɾǧ֮°, ҲűʸС
ҡ⻹ǵһμ֮ŮˣżֺĴǰˡŮ˶кԵ, һ۾Ͳ³λʽӽ/ıŮʥŮ档
ɽƧ֮, ȲŵۺŮЩɡ, ԳȴĪ˾õʮ㣬ٵһ۴˿͸⡣
ҿһ̥һŲ
ʱӳˣոյͣٴԼ˼ʲôҡ⡣
̥ʲôʵʵ׼ҡкüƷ޻лΪУҲпܽףʵϱܽΪĿֻǧ֮һļʡ
ŵΪһţϲֻռ֪
̥Ѿ߱ΪѾʼ顣̥ΪϣļʻʹδܳɳΪҲǼαȱǿ
ȷӳնɱѪ˾˵°ͣһոСȫ߶αĻɱڵͬαѾ˵ˡ
ӳ˵仰Ҫҡ⣬ڳ˶Ļһʱ˵
ĲҡվһԵһʦƽԸԼһˣҵõһ̥ԼԼһ˲ΪʿҪ˷ܡ
ǽ𡢴˵ϣ̥ʵʵ׼˵ĸ󣬲ͬǵļֵһһ˵ʮԪڻŵ֮ǰ̥ջ
湫ӵ츳벻ԪĪ͸˵ģҡ΢̥ѽĶ
ӳ˶٣۽΢סɫϧ˵ʦ
ҡȻӳֱӰŵ۹£ҪԱӺѧڰڹ֮ǰӦһλʦĪǱӺѧǸʦ
˵Ӻѧλڶɽڼǧ꣬ѾԪ޼ֲͽӳͽյò
Ҫ湫ʧˣҲûνĲӣҡźҡҡͷŹһЦǸ˵вǻԼ˿űʲôеĲ鷳
ǣᶼ˰ɣ˼ƳƳˣƺҥЩ˼顣
ҡĳ̫ԣڳһʱ֪νӻԭͺɭɭӳĻϵĺء
һֱûʲôڸеȻЩԥվɵĿڣˡðƺû˵ʵｫϵöɽȡ
Щ죬Ǻȷ˼ƺƶԵЩìܺ͹죬·ָ˵Ƿ
ͣŮ˼ñ˰ɽ佻ôԼĽָóЦһ̲ס
үΪ˵ĸߣû뵽ֻǸԪӤĳŮˡڶһ˶֡顣
ò࣬ȻŮ⻷ӳ֣ڳòͨƽֱģòȡ˵ɫȻ˵ʲôû
Ȼ˵Щ˼ĿᶨĿҡ⡣ԱߵȻЩȣǱּĬӳûĻʲôףֻע⵽Ǿ䡰û˵ʵ
ҡⶢ˰ΣȻȻһЦϵһ˿ưƣĿߵǰͷϵƣɢֺ棺ǲλｫ㲱ժҿ
ҡĻͫ΢ƽ䱸˺˵ЦˣʲôرĶ
ˣҲϵĽָҲҵҵģûʲôÿġҡü΢ĵķܵһŲŷ˵ʵı顣
˵ϣٽȥͲÿˡﻹװŷ޵£ûƳˣûвҲûҪҵĶ鷳ǿ뿪
ӳ˵ĳˣʮ֮ڱ뿴Ӱ
ҡĻ̲סﴽ⻰ӳ͸ģԭⲻͻظ
ӳ˻£뿪˴˵ء֮ǰͷϵȸƵĳ౽ԴһۣѧĽӦһ䣬ֻȸֳ
뿴ԶȥӰٳһֻѪɫСӣ͸ĳЦ޹Сɰȥʲô¡
ҡ⿴ųħӰ棬̲סѣֻȸɲǳصģСɰһȥ˵ͳ˱˵в͡
ֻȸһ˿ȻһָһưϵѪ飬ħӰèŵȰ㣬Ȳķɵָ⴦ϸĿ̰Ѫ顣
Ƭ֮ԭΪѪɫħӰ汳϶ɫ·Сһʵȴ֮ǰһΣյϢ
ħӰԱϢĳӳ뿪ķȥ
ֻȸֻʲô۾ŹĿҡϵķౣƺʮ֡һ
ҡü΢̧ȾһЦ̬Ȼ˵Ҳ֪·ϼģҪҡ
ƲƲ죬ƫͷüʣزú𣿡
һûúá˼Ĵ˼ڸոյ̥ϡ
ǻȥװͰ͵ű˵
عԹȥϱ߲ûء
أҡ⼸סΣĵĵȴ޵Ӱ֡
ԭʱͲˣһȾ֦ͷ
»߲ĹӰķԵЩɭƺ˷ʲôûС
һֱȵһϸ΢Ķ˼˵ע⡣
׵¹£ֻèɫϢƮǲ֫ߣǰ֫һɫ֦֫·ŸƮƮεڿУֻż档
֨֨֨һֻ޲֪ʲôȻһ󼱴ٵĴУԱ߼ֻʧӰ١
סķ޻ķȣһɫâءžһ±ǿдݻ١
ڰӰڷж֮ʱжһߵķȫΧס޺Ȼһһ⣬ǲ·𱻻ȼȻʼΡ
ҡ̯ģһεĻ⣬·Ͽǰ㣬æˡ
Ϸٵ𣬿ʼСΧ
ԣˣҡȻһİϢ



36 
һ, ĽҡϮ, ҪԪ޲ܷ
ҡ޿ɱ, ֻܶӲ͵İһƮĶëѩƬƬ飬գ۽Ҫ䵽, һϹӭϽ⡣
ɫϹϣһҫ۵Ĺâ˻ס޵ӽɽ䣬ȵӰһ˲âΧ
ײǿҹ߽ڳҹɫյά, ҡն, ȡһƷ˸, ĵƳۺȻֵ, ЦͲµѨ뵱ȸû뵽ǻ
ﻹû, 㵹ˡ
ֵһȺΪ׵ĺȻϬؾ̸̸Ͱ, ԱǸŽĻһ͵ϮԪޡ
, ˵ǻġ̸ҡ, ǺһЦ԰׵ϹıͬȾѪ, 鲻Խһ㼦Ƥ, ֵȴʱžһϡ
ҡ۷綼ڸ, ָֽ̧Ǹˣ촽΢ɱ¾Ϲ䣬޽ģԪĶûУʹ͵Ϯ㲻ý
ʮľһޣȻսǿԪЩѹƽֻһѽ׷˽һ϶ȼߣܷٵӰһʿ
ȻҡȽΪߣٿطٵǽ޵Ŀǡ
һԪСѾͷҽ̵Ϸ򡣡һֱҡ⡣
ҡὣһңסĹƣƮݵĽмϹȵƾ󾳺ͶԷ൱˽ݣ̳նкĽΧľľмڵأʱһƬ
룬ǸǻҡճһԵĳ˵˾䣬ϴκͽ޶սѾкüЩˡ
̸ŲæĿ۰жԵеҡ⣬΢΢׵ŮԼ»Ὣ㡣
ҡĽ΢΢һͣ㱻Ѱˣӽһ˸񿪣ĿĿų롣
ΪΪƽ޹ʾˣ޵Ϣ̸ӸҵģȻҲɺϡ볯ҡգգۣһаЦ
̸һЦںͻ˽ҡȻҪ㹦򣬲Ȼùֲ֪Ҫʱҵټ
ǰҵټûмץ跨ϵǰδֹ죬ߵý˵ʲô֮óȻж޹ֿܾˡ
ͳϬؾйһζݵĺЩ룬ýһ̽޵Ϣǰ֪ģ³뻳ɣڷַ޵ĸһ˴һٶá
Ϳȥǰعˣ̸׹⡣
λȰ㻹ǹԹ־ܰɣҲöƤ֮ࡣԱߵİڴЦƺĵĻȴôòζ
ҡƳ̸ķǷһ˿Ц
ƻε̸ߣĺ۰Ʋ˶̸֣Ȼ˹Ҫˡ
̸ԭȻܲ裬Ļ΢΢ɽ䱸Цһܿһ壬ҡ
ûȰģﲻ֪ʱһѺɫֱӹס̸ĲӣЦ˵ҲҪˡ
ƶȻһ䣬ԭҡ⽻սĻ˶ֹͣ˵ս֣עűٳ̸ֵż
ʲô˼̸ɫ΢䣬Ųˮĳ롣
΢΢һѪӵս̸һЦʲô˼Ȼǰ㡣
ǿɱ𼤶ȻһСģǵӿҪһˡ
ĻԭҪͬһˮ˲䲻һ壬걩¶ڷٵ֮£𶼾Ȳ
һΪܼôʱ䣬ԭûҩ̸ȼŰĻ⣬ֱͫĿų롣
ңһͲֹƤ֮ˡ죬ĵ
̸ӣҾҪеӴҡջؽûԾȵĻᣬֱһ˸ʵʵ
һЦû뵽óˡ
˵ĶԻ̸ޱȱûеõ˭Ҳ׶֡
ʹͨˣס̸ɫĿҡˣ˵ĵطԼľ֮Уǹľ֮𽥴Ӳȫ
Ǹҿ㲻Ǻ˳ۣͺ͊ˡգ޹Ľ͵
*
Ҫҡͳ˶ȥҷ޵ǰһ˵
ҹɫҡǰ˿ûϢĴ㣬ƺڵʲôˡ
ڵôһƷһŮ
ҡϾһ裬Ƶ棬°һЦģȻ˾ͳɡ
һɫӰȻҡǰȻ¶õ裬ڴ͹һڡ
ǧɽ裬Ȼܡ²豭һ˿֮ɫ
ôϲȲ裬Ҳ֪óȣôҲͨˡ
ҡûнĻüһ⣺ʲô˵ɡ
ͿʲôҪ˵ƫƫҪȵʱ
ãһħСľΣ
ҡ΢һĨ޵Цħ˴ط֮һȻͬ졣
ֱͦݵһδ֣صɫ˵㣬СľйžʧݣҸʶûһħİ˴ط
ҡɫ䣬ŲĿ⿴ʵ˵Щʲô
۽΢ƺڿʲôκȻ̧ͷһЦ۽Уͽ˵ЩʲôոյĻ㲻÷ϣ͵ɣ
һת̸͗Ƿʲôìܣ
ҡü΢̧Ȥˡ
˵Ǹع闃ǻ
ҲǸ̸вŮ˻ôһЦŽгǰյ˴һϢ
һֱץ޲Ҫٵ𲻿ɣԭô£ҡĻûжྪȣʱ;ñûô򵥣޵ϢȻģô
еģӡ󣬵ΪԷһǶһ䡣
ǸϷһӾͱ𴩣Ӧò֪飬Ͽֽܱš뷭˸ۡ
°Ϊ̸·ʲô˵ɡ
ڨڨһЦһƿɢԪ¶
üһգɢԪ¶ɫζ֮Ԫɢҩܳһ¡



37 
ףȻתͷȥ, ƺʲô
Ⱥɽ˯еľȻ˶, Ȼ, Ȼ𲿷˵ע⡣
Ҿ˵ǲƽ޹ֵطƲƲ죬˸ջҡⰵдһ仰
, ɽǽһعҪҪҲȥմ֣
ҡƳ̸ȻһعĪԭͰʼ˺ƵǸΪԭŮһȥûӳ, һʱûξ顣
Ȼ֪ǰ˫н, һȻԤ֪δ, һҲױԤ֪ƫ˼·, ھҳһ֪࣬˾, 뵱Ȼ˵ͱ˿ˡ
ס̸ҡĿ⣬ɫ΢ƺȨЩʲôƬ̧̺ͷҡ⼸, ˵֮ǰǲӳ, ֪ǵȥ򡭡عһ
ԭǵĶ, лһ˿Ȼýϵ, Ϸʵ, һ, ̸
ԭȥɡҡһ۲תƺڴʲô⣬ҿȥһϢʹ˸ɫһЦһСƿ׸̡
ȥ̸ӵĺöһβʣιԡ
̽ƿɢԪ¶ȫ̸ҡһӣֱӽյ
Ǹ̸ӣûʲôܴ㣬ֻίڳˡ
ǵһºȻ뿪һҪ鷳͸ˡҡһӣһаǵΪߵԪ
̸ĸף峤ΪԼĻʷʵӶӵλ
*
ֻħӰ棬ҡͳ뼸˺ܿҵعλãѾȥԵʣعڻڰ뿪ص״̬
ҡ⽫̸ųЦЦĿ̸ӣѾˡ
ȿȡֺڣûóװ˵ģҡôĥ**ĥų̸һڵܵγˮ
Ԫȫޣ㲻õߣԽҷųˡ
Ҳáҡһܺ˵ӣһɵ̸ϣȻһ
΢Цųڹ֣ڣ
ڿҡŵĺһүԺǻûȤ
£ҡֱӽһףСĵȦ׼ȷĿڴڵĲϣһĻᣬͷȥ¥Զ
ƲƲ죬˻βϵȦ̸תһȦתһȦ˵ôеǻڴүӡ
޹ģһԵĳ롰͡һЦ
ѾͷǲܣĿ׹ĵ۳룬ĵĲ䵽ҡߣ񷢹˵ɲ԰¥󡣡
û뵽ëû뾹Ȼ֪󣡡۾棬һȽ¥ĸɫû¾ϲȥ󣬻Ի
ҡб˴һۣɫȥóˣȽȥ˵ɡ
л˵̸꣬ǰ棬Ƚ˵عţҡͳ󣬸ѼϼܵԹԸ̶Ϻ
ǽϵıڵѾ˵ȼٺɫճعڵΡӳ״ʯʯͨ
еʯ죬Ȼ쵫̲סϢӣһ澵ӣա
ʯ棬ʮβ̤ߣòӲʣһֻ
ҵʯ̤һ֧ȡ
λס뿴ʯ̲ס
سֺĻĹžʹڵԶ壬˵ֱӼ̳̫ħѪΨһһ֧̫źᡣ
Ĺʱڵ壬ǿóİ޲סʢ˥岻ɱ˥ȥйĩڣһ֧屻¾һޱǿƵ峹ʧ׽硣
ҡȻ֪׵عװһȵģ̸˵֪ͨͨδ
С˵ԣ֪
мͨߡ̸ûлشҡĻĿмͨ鲻Խľٲмߡ
һһɹַ罫ǽϵıڵȫ𣬽·𱻾籩ۣûӦǰקڳͨӡ
ҡعѾվ߳ͨڣ˱ʱקס·ķౣΧһӰûС
ͨͻıʲδҡ۲Եɫǽڣü
һС˵һĵط



38 
߳ͨһͷ, ҡʶſ̽ƺʲôס, ̶޷, ̽ķΧĿ
ɫʯڷĵ̹⣬ʮˣҡ̽Ե, ˱ʯϡüóһҹ飬ӨӨİ׹̹ڣͨôɭ
žֻͨнŲġɳɳŲŻ, һ, ƺͨҡⲻ֪ǰ˶, һ˿ϸ΢Ĳ졣
ƺǴңԶĶ洫, ڰûǰ··ʲô
ҡͣ½Ųջҹ, ɽóŲ֪Ķ
ĵ⽥Գһ˵Ǹߴͦε, жɾ, Ų, ǵذԣºĽŲ
ӰԽԽ, , ¶ӡ
㣿ҡü΢, ЩԾĿǰӳ
ӳδ¶֮ɫʮƽʣδ۷
Ҳɢˣҡ⵭Ȼĵջط۲΢ת֪ʵ
ӳûд𻰣äĿ·ת۲ʯں͵档
ҡ⿴Ӱ΢Цļ˵湫Ϊβң˵֪γȥŶ
ӳûҡ⣬߱̽Χ
ȻǲĴɽҡһĻյĸ
Լ˰ʱҡڿˣͣ½Ų˫ֻأϷʣ湫Ӳͨ󷨰ɣ
ӳĻͣתҡ⣬ޱʣ㶮
ҡĵ̾˿һֱĿʱǰҾͺ湫˵Ҳ֪γȥ
Ȼ֪ΪҪ߰ʱӳӻһ˿죬¶ޱɫ
ҡüͷԹ΢ƵߴЩίΪûѽ
ӳ䣬Ǹɧ󷨻װģ۲ΧһСʱֱɧֿɰ
С˵ӳ츳ߣ츳ҲΨûеܡȻһ˶֪ΪŵŻѪΪ䱸һαר
Ȼ֪ΪʲôûαⲻҵһͶӳ֮ǰͨͨѾһͷٸСʱƽˡ
ӳü΢һ˿ִ֮ɫ򣬳ĬƬ³һ仰ͽ̡
ҡⴽ΢һۣѧող˵ģͷרġΧʯ·
ͽ̣ҡû˵ӳظһոյĻЩߡ
ҡһƫͷüҴŵóѵЦ湫ǴҺˣ
ӳĬȻǳĻ
שʯȡҡⲻٷϻֱָӵ
ӳһۣҡ˵שʯһȣǿשʯ΢΢һ硣
שʯ⣬·ʲô仯ûȻƾӳԪӤΪȫһֻשʯ΢΢ݣҲ˵˵ز
ҡҲӳ뷨ĵļ˵ֱǿ飬
ӳ£һǿשʯϣשʯ֮ǰǿһһ磬֮Χޱ仯
岽ֱߵǿ顣
ӳһԾһߵǿשʯ

ҡָӳֻһϴݵשʯһжûиı䡣
֮
ȷˣŪ£ӳüƽҡ⣬ϵĺѾҪ
湫ӲҵĻҡɫһ˿ָưƣӴһ˿Ǿʹ˷ֱ𣿡
ӳ΢ȻϮҡ⣬ˣˡ
һŵͷβ˵ҡзһ㹻ҡ˲ʧȥ
ӳƷֻһƳϣƷϵ˿Ʈڵء
ҡ˰صͷЦЦ湫ӿ֪׽һϰôճɻķޣҪ¸Եһ˿һԢᷢްײ롭湫ӽҵͷԤղ
Ļû˵ζЦѾ㹻ӳ뵽Ҫ˼
һֱޱתƻ⣬Ĺҡ⿴ɫȻ̬Լе졣
ȻǸŵȺ²ǰʯ诣ȻһСУһòˣǻġ
ɡЦЦĿһۣתǰߣ·ոһֻЦ
ĿӳԾ˿ٲƳ˿ʹһץ˿ġ
˳ķ˿е⡣
ҡû⵽СӦ˵ѹ벻ӳĻϵƶϷְ̧ұʯϵһשʯԭ޶ͨȻӿһŨʯڿʼ˱仯
湫ӣ鷳ȥǵšŨв֪ʱһʯţͨм䡣
ӳûĻֱǰģǰһƣصʯŻ
ݡһ΢ƿʯŵķӳʶקҡ⡣
ҡЩ΢㶵ıӳס֫ڰաʱĸܵһĿ⿴ʶƫͷ͸ŨһϤӰ



39 
湫, ſôҡƫͷŶԽˣ¶һĪЦݡ
ӳ治ɫķ, Ťͷһ
עӵķ, ȻվһȺˡΪ׵ӣݿīüͬʵĽ, аĺԵǡô
ԭѽΪءīüһ, ڸո͵Ϯֵ²û֮ɫ, ˵֮, ΪĿҡ⡣
λ, ĪǾǴ˵еĊҡ⡢ӳ֮ѲӣȻһζЦ, ȡžһϣϷʣȤ, ȤȻǸѵһļˡ
ò˵, ͬ, ǰλԵĿ
ǳ磿ҡ΢Щʡû뵽ξ, 뵽׶Եع֪֪飿
ξһ, ӹһ˿˿Цʶ, ˵ѾͷҲˣ
ҵ𣿡ӳûǵĻԨڵ泱ü΢ӿĺɫ治ڣʱγһ쳣
˵껰ʱһ󡰻ֻյԨϷȻƾճӤֱ۴ֵĺɫʡʮ֡ǰӿ泱˵Ԩײ
վĵطԭԨ֮͹̨ҡ棬ξֱߣǡóʡηмɲԨ沼ĺҵ
ʮ֡öӦǵλãΨһһû˵ķ򣬺ɫ쵽ͷԶ
ȻҪȵ֮Ż֣ξǰ۴ƳӳƵһصٶƺЩѽ
ӳûڰյûΪһ˲ζ˿
ƽصվϣǰߣȻκǵжͣ½Ųתټڣһ˿У
䵭޲·شʲôûʲô˲²ǿ׻Ļæ
ҡⱾҲûӳ֮ͨǰһܳĸо
û
湫߰ɣչ˺ԼġҡһĨ޵ЦƯһ״Ƴ۶
ӳĻޱ˵˾䡰ҡͺԥʮ֡ߡ
ȥξһ̽·ǸħеСվóһ෨ͨУû뵽һȡԭԨסϢĺ׷ӿֻħȾͱҵ˲û
ġ±̣ξɫһ£ֻü̧ЦĶ·Ը Ҫ÷
һ˵̧ۿ۶ҡ⣬ƮƮϣ˿Ԩȵķ䣬Էɡ
ҡͿú⸱ɧӣûվȰݺҡҡʱӦ϶š
Ľͬϰ㣬·ϵһҶۣӿԿȻߵʮ֡ӳĶɨ˹ȥҡȵϣת䳯ȥ
ȻϸҲԲ֣ʮֹ⻬ͨ˸޷վ档ƽŲ죬գۼѾҪߵʮ֡룬ҡʩչżһ·ѵˮӹȥ
ֱһɺã˼ͬʱ룬ҡⰵͬʱ۲һۡ
ü۲ɤֱ𣺡òҾͷˡ
ҡüֻ˽´Ϸ˵ֱӣɴ࿪ʵϵ򵥡
λҪɣҪѰطˡһĳξʱҲѾʮ֡룬ǶǶ
ҡ⿴ˣתһϡ
һԭվ̨ϵ˶վϣǸߡȫԶԭһ˵̨ȻֳһӰ
һϮ£׵ĳӣȻȥĳξһģһͺµĳξֵͬĺ˻ɢһ˵Ķ⣬ＫΪʣ·һĹŶޡ
վ̨֮ϣԨĺҵһڣǹһĨаЦϤζû뵽ﾹȻкҵǵǲ˲ٺö
˵һԾȻֱҵ֮С
Χˣһᱻľٶ°͡ҵרնҵʹ𼶱ǿҲմ𣬴һǶҵĺ֮ˣȻӴҵ泱֮УֱǷӾɵӡ
ҵûΪһҪ˿仯ƽ泱ʱ𼸶޵ĺǧİƺΪκӿ
ǸΪĹˣ·ʧˡ
֪ȥãƽҵ£·һֻڲϽ𺣣ĽԽԽ죬ҵоһУǸнԽԽƺҪһƬҵ泱ȫƷ
ģվһˣɫĳ裬˿˿Ƶĺ𽥽Ӱȫֻ֣ʣһźڵ÷·͸ĺڲĺҵ
޾ĺɣ仯ҵȴӿø⣬·
ƣ׽֮Уһе񹬡
ڣһɫӰƺӦʲôĿ͸޾עŵعеΡ
ף龹ȻǰѣȤСĺҵҪΪ޲Tˡ
ԭİĻɵĵѣǷζλع֮ڲԶˣ
Ӱһöʵӣĵ˵޲TҪع飬ֲò˵е˼ϧȤľǱһ̣˭Ҳ˵׼Ρ
ħתвת츳ֱ׷Ĺ콾λع飬Ϊԭ¡ ĻЩġ
ӰЦһû˵ʲô׸ո˵İˣȻ˵ع˭ȵõǶͽ˭
*
ҡⲢ֪Ԩҵı仯֪֮дڹעʱûţŵϵĹ¶ԽԽ˾ڿߵͷˡ
ԨµĺҵƺѾҪʧֻżƮұڣգȥ
Ҫ̤ϵʱһֻľ޴Ԩзɳֱӳ
һҫ۵âɭĺնȥݵĲջ㲻޴Ļϻһ˿ڡ
һε鲨ֱӴ˿ڵλøǰ߳һ߳򱻸ϣ񷢳һĲҽУųջǵԨ
ҡȫûüѾӳ赭дĽ



40 
ֻƺֻǿͷ, Ԩﲻ֪ʱӿҵɵĺƮͺһֵĻľ޴
ǰһչյĻ, տʼֵֻȫڡЩ޴Ļһ, Ϳº׹վϵˡ
ֻʮಽ͵˵棬ΪЩȻֵĺͻ͵֮·һǵ
֮ǰѾ̤ϵӳϵҡ, лһ˿ɣۻһֻӽһֻҡ⡣
ҡһһ߻ػ, Ȼһͳ
Ťͷһ, ֻӳվ, һֻ֡
ӳֲҲһ覴, ͬ޳ͤ, Ī̤ʵ
ҡֳֳӿ˹Ļ񣬰һײϼӳֱۣһ, ķȥ
貵âΪɨǰ·, ҡһ·оյ䵽档
ЩԼֻṥվϵ, ֻҪ̤ϵͻ۷Ԩ
ҡԨĶԸŲϳԨĻ, ľ벻Խеץ, 龳ڵΪԺͻ˫в, ˴ʧ֮Ѿ졣
Ȼóһ̵֧ڴߴ࣬Щ֣ҡû֮¾Ȼһ˿㱡
ߣը죬ҡ͵ػع
ӳ˵仰ҲתŲԶĹȥ
ҡĿԽͣһ˲΢תպöĿ⡣
ü̧ĳ˵һ仰ɹ΢΢һͣһҵ
ҡ⿴ķӦ̿Ĺתķȥ
*
̹˵ҡҲʶüǰĲᣬŮ񹬺Ĺ칬ӡ̣ǰ׹ô۽硣
׹һֽвֵĻɫʯɣԵô׾һֲ֮У˵ǹʵһ䡣˴ţ۴αȵʯΧһȦмһ̨̨֮ϻһ̨
ҡٲ̨߽Ȼǰһʱ̨϶һƤС
Сʮֽʵִֺڵͷһ裬ͷһҡһҡ峤ࡣʱһһѹǵһһľͷڵʲô
ȻҡһŲתһһͬƤĹͭɫƤ󺺳̨ȥԼ׶ߣļҡ˵ƾͿ׾ٵĴӮ
һԳ̨ϵС̨ϵС̧ͷ۴һֵۣͷľ̡
ҡ⿴Сǽľͷܾе죬üϻ룬ڲʱ򣬿Ű깤ľȻһ֡
ôǷľô
ľ˵˵ľӡǷ÷ľǰľ֮һ϶зľλá
ľؼֻһãӶûУ˵ġڷľ򵽵ġΪҪĶ֪ж౦ˡ
ҡϳǷľܵı޿졣ڱ޿쿴ķľԼСĴָС˵ֵʮƷʯǰСõģԼгƴ
˷ָķľһСӵľͷ棬ҡ嶦ʢʱڹȻԡ
ӿС֪߽һþҲʱʱݣҲֻһٵĻþ
ֻþҪżѰҳȥķӣʱȻгȥҡ⼴ʹ֪˻þҲǺż
ŷľ˼ſ֮ʣǸѾ˸̨ǰָŸ̨ϵСüͷšţЩҡ˵Ļֻɴ¹ƴø̨ϵС
ƺǸ̨Ԣ⣬̤㡣
ҡ߽뿴Ǹľ񵽵ʲôӣ̵СȻ̧ͷ׼ȷĿķƺ
ͣ½Ųʶĺ΢٣΢΢ƴĿ⡣
ȻǸСĹǵķ˻֡
ҡΪķʱһСﴩ壬̨ܵǰ˫ס̨أ̨ϵ˵Щʲô
̨ϵСС¶һõЦݣľҡҡ
ǸȻʮֱϸ̨קСĶСæס󺺵ȣƺ顣
ҡſСĳ࣬Сɫļסʣ¿ɰһҰԵ
ܾСҲе죿
࿴СۣȻ͵һⲻսعʱʯôʯеǸΨһŮʯ
ʱ



41 
Ĺ, ˲űʮ׵ĺճѹͬʱİ崭, ֲ׽簵һ仰СĹ¡
оøǿİ, **ޱǿᣬճߣе츳ڻĹԪŨ, ֮·ʮ˳죬һӾͰѰ˦
ĻԻʷɸƣسֵĻĹţƾʱ˺һ֮ѹð帩, ڻĹ֮, ûһܴﵽĹǿƳ̶ȡ
Ȼ, ڻĹųϴ, ˰嵱ʱδɳΪʱʮλΪͨĴ, ʮλںΪʮס
ҡڻþĿĶʢʱԼʮ׵ķɡþ׵۽Ӿģ˵ǻþ, ԸĻ䡣
һʼǸС, պʮеĿռٶ׵۽, ǸС²һʱ
ʱ, þ˻Ĺĩڡ徭Ѿɳ, ǲһֱռϴλ, ʼıһԸ塣
һУȻΪơ޾һֱڽˣǲΪСİܰΣսͲðȳֺнڷð˭׽ϴ
ԭССֱֵݱȻ˻ع飬սų׽硣
Ĺʱڵ飬廹**ȺҪǿö࣬׽ظγɲã״ȫһױռ䣬˴սһչ
ҡΪһԹ߹ۿ֮սñʯĺʱп̫ħ֮սҪǳ
̫ħǸ޷֮ս׺ʹʩչͨǰ;һ֪ĵطڴʱéٿ޲
ҡڻĹŴܵͨУԭʶг˯İƺʲôա
һ翵־סҡ⣬걻ǿаŷ·ʲô겻Ʈкʹ򶷵
һҫ۵İ׹ҡʶѣ߲һˡ
׼ȷ˵þеΪһ塣
Ϊʱףʱ֮ճ̶ҡǰ綼òһˡ㱼䣬·𿴼һڵĳӣһûԴͷûоͷĳӡ
ʱ˳ӡ
֪ΪʲôԺȻð֡
޳ˣϣı䡭Źֵǻҡĵ˲ѡ
ҡѹס㵣ĵʡ
úÿšȫ¶ҡá˶ʱʱնѵһγҲ˵ǸҪͬʱӦͬʱյġ
ˣʱڡǰûܿԣܶĴӦԣǰԤ֪жܿǸ¶ࡣ
ʱóһŹֵľӡ汬һĿĹââʧ֮ǸҲʧˣ޴ɶʱҲҲټ
Ƭ֮һԿŵƵĶ̵ϢĴ壬ڶ̵ǿ̣Ӱͬʧ޾ա
᾵ôʧӰٴγ֮Уֳ᾵ĴķͷХһεƬգѵķࡣ
᾵貵Ĺ⣬գصķƺڰ׹ǰ޴Σ壬ֻʣΨһһʵ塣
һ˲͵ˡǰһֳ᾵һֻŰηһϹ⣬סΧʱա
ʱձǿнƺ޴ɶ㣬ֻ⡣
ʱġһϮִӦսԭŵ᾵ȴ˲
ɲ᾵Ȼڣҡ֪˵
ķ͸¶һ֮ϢֻһָǰĴۿɼٶȱòϣգۼ䣬һֵŮӱһн
ɲǼ㣬㼴ɲǡ
ջطһѾϵ޷ĴϣһƺҲʱħֱӱɳһֱɢ֮С
ҡĿɿڴĿšɾĽһʵһӵ᾵𶯲ѡ
˴˿̣˽׵ʵʲôʮʥȫҲ˼һָ
Сɲʵ̫ˣֱӰ˶ԷʹǽͬٵҲ޷ʱʴ
һ¼һս֡
ҡڣĴսԼ粻Ȼʩչ˺üʱͨ˹۸⣬ʲôҲûѧᣬΨһջǶʱ֮һԪҪǿ١
ʮǿǿĹĩڣȻѾ塣Ѿ˰֮࣬սһսˡ
ҡ׻ϣҲһοʮ׾һʮŮУкڤŮԣĿӴʱһֵĸоĵӣ·Щ̫Ծ
ǸҲһֵĿעšҡоʲôڴ
ˡźĪĻȴһЦ޵̾Ϣ
ܹҪһ·ɫĪĿû뵽Ȼѡ
˳޾ֻ֧ȡΪԵۣƺ˵
ҡ˴ԵĶԻʱûʱ˼ΪʶһŹֵĶһŰ
Űʶﲻϲƺʲô
ķԽԽֱӽ˳ȥ
ҡ⿴żžĸ̨Ŀ⸴ӵ˿֪ڳֱӴӻþˡ
Űʲôþ˵ġ޳ʲôʲô
ҡʹϸ̨̨Ļ̨Ϩ𣬾ʧ׽һ㡣
л𣬻ǵֻҪڣ̨ĻͲϨЩڻþ֪ġ
񣬻̨Ҳȼˡ
һԿĽŲ˼ҡתͷֻһվڲԶһʯǰһֵĿ
ԣҡƳĬԼǱȾûЦֻƽ˵һˣ
ոһֱü΢ƺʲô
ҡûд𻰣ֻòԵĿ⿴ûܵþӰ죬Ҳ˵ֻĻþֲѰ»ǲҪñ֪Ϊá
һ̨ߵλãֻֽһ̨ܲ
ҡ²ʲô뿪ڣע⵽ܲݻûڸ̨ϣѾһĪΪĩ˲ʧӰ١
һӾ뵽ġɲŰĹͨ
亹ʱʪıҡһԼֲûʲôŷ
֮սôʱ䣬ԡɲĿ³̶ȱ˭ǿܡڡͨһԪСɲನܲˡ
ľٶһĹ⣬΢˽⣬иһЩ
ҡСĵĴӸ̨øĪ鿴
ǡñȹ֪öһЩûȤҽϢ



42 
ֻ, ټ֮սɡ
ҡ֮սĽ, Щֵʣ۽Ҳˣ
ʮȻǧ, ʵʱ֮Ϳռ֮λʵǿǵ۽㲻ж֣ƾٶؼ伸û׷, ʮǸ
ü΢˼Ŀҡ⣬˵Ϊ˾
Ȼˡҡ۽΢סɫ, Ǹþ͵۽һ𳤴, Ҳ, ۽, ֻΪ
֮ǰʧйأɫĴ, ԪΪϵķ֮ȴʮԣַ֮Ϥʱ֮, ϵʱ, Ѿˡ
ҡһ, Ȼʲôֻ꣬þ￴Ķ߷ּٸ, ֻǹںǶ˸, ûἰ
Ŀ֮ս, Ҳ㲻Уľ΢ûжۣЩʲôʵ˵Ƿ׹
ʯݸ̨Ƿյ۽λ׵Ĺʾӡڻþ˵ǿģӦû˱ط졣
īüЦ֮⣬ȤһѰű
ҡüһۻһ˿ȻԭΪֲ֮ð˶ɢˣԭȥҶˡ
Ҫ֮ǾҶˡͫһתü۴ζЦƺ˵ң˵͸ˡ
ʱܵȸԾƺǡҵʲôóԵģ
ౣౣеߣҲҡȥˡ
ţǵ۽ӣҡü΢һڵʯȥ
˽ʯݣʮֿյһʯʯʲôûУվʯԵʯ׸ϣԴ׿ڡи󶴣ΧһƬǽ壬Ƿ౽ʯٳġ
һֵʯﴫҡӿ죬ǡ
ڻþô꣬ôҲѧǸ˵ģҪ
ʯ׵Ĳرɨȥҡ˿ʧ˽׵عĵ۽סʵò롣
ౣҪԲҪ
ĻİԴʯγɵҡϣƶʶ˵㣬ԣóԣ
ӣҪҵĶ˵Ƕҡͣ½Ųȥ
ͼ̫ԣϷһЦĻȺīüչģˮī̿˵ķ
֮ǰһֱԽùЩԱı£ЩεӣЦʱĺ۰ɫźеȻӷ·ҪȥҲʡĹǵ¡С
С֣ñζƺԹҡŬѹĴǣΡǲǲСôʲô
һǺǴΣǸӵȷ񡰲СӣڶʱǹܲܿסҪҪæ
ǣСǼˣʶġ
Ǹʯףɫ΢Ҳ֪ʲôʯġӸƮ˳һŹǳɫڰա
ǡ߸ҡԺﲻðһͷ뵽Լ뷨֡
ڿУԭ⻬ıȻѿӣǵ˵һûõӦ˶ЩίĻ׽ͨõĻ
ϰߺĸҡʱ̿Ļɫ΢ʱֱӡ͡һЦ
ûЦ꣬ƺ⵽ҡ⣬һ֣ĵĺ
С߸ҪףҡЦݽסƳ˵ײҡ
ҰĵĴһҵļ㵯ҡ⡣
ҡۼֿİӵµ˵ԣȥǣ
һŻȥʲôܣֻᣬմֵζӾ̫ˣֲ÷˵ǺóԵģôһⰡ
ǣ֥ټûбܿץϸоüʼղչ
֥ҡһ֥Գɾ׽ĳʶĽ˵ղһֻ֥ڵʱ˵׽鶼Ҳûɾ
һɾ֥
ҡ⿴ųȳȵЩӡֽ֥֥ųƻɵл׹ǵĹЧ˶صˣֻҪһڣ֥ܾȻ
һֻɾ֥ߵɵջе
֥ڽյ౻ĿίίίĿҡ⣬˵ǲҳòÿҿԻӵġ
һɵİ׹˰װֵСޣҪǣһ
ȫСʱģ
ҡ⿴ֿ֥۾ЦôҲѹȥλӣûˡ
̩ɽ治ɫһ˿ѣ֥ᵽǰЦЦĿƽ֥ϵϣȥҩ
֥ɫһ䣬ʹ̵ľƨɰһܵҡǰסȲţ߿ޱ߸״𣿰ȻҪңҪӣ
ȣҡһһǴģʳӣôµȥأ
֥һԣʹһΪһҲΨһȱγʮֿ̣ٶޱ˵ʮŻ᳤һ硣
ѭõҩ̫ϧˡ
ҡһۣޱ˵ɾ֥ôʹ֥ɾڵʱ±ʱ仹Ҫ
Ļδ֮ԣҡ˼׵عֵĳɾ֥ضĹֻ֥ڵ۽ʯ﷢ֵġ
ɵǣڻþδֻ֥ټҲ˵ԭǲڵ۽ģʲô˽ڵ۽ʯݵĵأ
ҹΪԵԸ㣬㲻Ŀűҡ֥ӴһĪĹ⡣
ҡ΢΢һ㶣֥ЦЦһô֥ǰȻΪѵ֪Щʲô֪Ķ
֥ĿԴĿҡ⣬˵㲻ҪңҺõģ



43 
ҡûбԻ, ۱֥дϷʵĶ˵˵, ҺȻˡ
֥û, ˶ǰ֥ӶǸûɾ֥òУοɾı, ܴӮͨԪʤ㲻֡
ǰٷƵġ
˭ȽһЩ֪֮ͦģĻȽһ, ҪĶ, ʤļ΢΢
ô, ׷, ൱ǰ͸һɵԸ, ûҲڳһ
˼Цһѹ͵ͬë, ӵļ䷢, ƺҲȾЦ, ҪĿΪ֥֮, ԶȲ֮
˵뽻֮ҡûп, ֥, Ȥζóһ£ıóһǶϣ֥׶ϵЦŨ
ľٶƿĿƺٿҲ䵭һЩʵһһҲǸ⡣
ҡ⻹û˵ʲô֥Ѿסŵ˵ﰢҪ㣬ҰǴ󻵵ǿ뿪
ǵĻͰˡЦº޺磬뻭˵֥ҡⶼЩ﷢ë
ˣ֥ҡͰ͵˵˵ţּһӿŶȣǵ˴ףѡεӡ
ҡ΢׽ľϵȻħ֣ǻͨģϹ֮ǰ嶼Լľ绮֣һƬҡڲľ绮̭ˣ֥ʶ˵ĻǱ¶һЩ
뵽˵Щ̽Ե˶ã
֥ͷã֪һֱںںڵĵط֪˶á
˭Žʯ׵ģҡʡ
֥ıһ˻Դ૵ǣǡû˵꣬ͱԴܵô
ҡһۣסʹ֥οˣ벻ͲҪˡ
ָ֥㼸£ҡͷ
⸱һǱ˽ƣԷΪԪ֮ϣҪ𾳴ܲôֱʡ
֥Ĺ˽ҡ⽫֥֮ҡ⡣
ĵһƷ񣬰֥ı壬ĳģǰֻ꣡
зĵ˾ߡ
*
ҡڻþʱʮ׽б˽֮ģԼֻˡ
Լ˵ع֮¼нԼǽһ£ĺã֪⻹͸¶һЩƾϢ֪Ķ
֪̫䡷ƺЩʲôȻʵ
ҡ΢΢һ㶣˵˵ǰ貨ʯǸ̫䡷
Ƴ˵ʯԣǲ̫䡷֮ǰҲ֪ѡŵ۵տտħŵ۰еõǲ̫䡷ǲ䣬±׫ŵ۵ص䡶һ
ҡû˵£֪Ե޹˵ŵ۵£֮úӳйء
ⲿµĵС̫һŵ޳ɣ΢дŹҡ׽͸ɫŵһֱʺⲿˣʮǰҵһˡ
˵ˣӳɣҡü΢̧˼˵
Ŀҡ⣬˵ӳ̫һ̫֮֮飬ӳһֱѰ֮ˡ
ҡⱻĿ⿴ֱƤЩֱ̫֮ʲô֮ΪŵҪһĳɡ̫һ
͵Ŀһۣ˹ĴΪǷ֣ˡ̫䡷ʯǽϣڵˣʵϣʯƺҲڡ
Ϲ֮׽ͻڵˣָ֮Ǹ˹˲ӣ׽綼⡣
ħÿʱڶӿ֣ҪͻƵħ֮ѣֵվڽ˵Ⱥ˰˼⣬Ǿ޾ŵնҪħ粽С
ڣʯͻ˴ڣﵽڣ
ֲŵ۵Ҫ޸ġһӳڣʱŵ۵ʵ»ǣӰ׽֡
лӸ֪ŵ֮£ֻǲ֪ΪҪ˵ЩҡĿ΢ӳĶɣ
ӳҪѡѡҪѡ޹ģ
Цһӹһ˿⣬ƺűζֻǺȻ뵽ˣûбʲô˼
Цʵںÿ¾׵ٶһһʶд֮ϲáȣԼǽƵµࡣ
ҡⲢδס︹̵˰ɣ˵ûʲô˼Ծڿӳ֪£ӳ飬Ƿ˲Żӳƻϲ



44 
ҡĬ, ֻĿ⿴Ҳ̹Ȼƾҡֱע治ɫ, ǸЦ, qqҹɫ˿͸ʵ뷨
ȡһͼλĿԣǳЦ, ȻЩ﷢飬׳ŵһ˰ա
ȹӵĿתæӣԽ桮ʧ١ˡ
ü, ûбܻҡ, еֱӿڣطҵˣ
ҡ, ҵˡʶĿҡ, ԭֻһƳֱ⿴ﺢӵ, ò˵ˡ
ӡ⣬λǡһֵĶҡ⻳ǸǶС, Ͱ͵ʡ
ҡһת, ֥Цĳ˵, ̫꣬常
֥ԭֽС̫ꡱ, Ʋ, ɴֱӽ֡
常̫Ҳ, ҡĻ۹һתɵĳ¶һЦݣĺ
常ƺˣŵ֣ңСӡ
磬·ɨҡ̫꣬ЩεüģĻ
类Ӳת͹ʶ£ôĶӡ
񰡣̲סҡ⻳Сޡ
ǹʱûǰô׳ʵҲԺӵþͳ̫Сһ
оһɨջĿ⣬ְǰ·
ҵʲô𣿡ҡ֪Ҫȥʲôطװһģʡ
΢ƫͷҡ⣬˵Ҫ£һͬǰȥ
عϤǹӣȻεҲǹӡҡ۲ֽģǰ·̲ס͵͵ɨǡ
˾˳Ⱦİ£ҹԲ˵׽綼ҲһҹݸӣλȻòӣòҲ֮ѡĿһ𣬴ĽǶƺӣϻﱧŸޣһڳģȻƺЩۡ
ջʲôûƵǰרĴ·
ƹʯߵͬǰ۾ӵĲ޽˺ܶԭʼʯݣһ޴ĵܺ͵µ⣬ʲôûС
Աߣվļ£֮ʲô˶ûУ֮ǰӳͳξ˶Ӱ
ҡ̧ͷǰľ޴ܣ絤ĿȻǵ۽ķ迴Ҳǵ۽ˡ
ӣոŵ۵ӳҲȥˡһ¼æ
谤ŵܣʱĵѾһ¶һڳĶڲʱֿռ䱻Ť˺ѵĳƺ
Ŷһü˼Ƭ̿˿ҡ⣬ʣҪһͬǰ
ҡⰵи̣ͶԽᣬԽ׿ǲˡ
ѽҡԥĴӦƯһһ£ƺĺޱ
*
һƬռ䣬׼ȷ˵һ鱻ǿŲƶƬŰϸռ䣬˵Ŀռֻżм΢Ĺâ
һâ·ңңָԶȥƺǰ˾
֮Уˡ
紩һɫǰ̽·һڽཻĴӡſڣεĲڴꡣ
ҡƲƲ죬Ȼǲƴ֣ǬķƷȻȲǬһЩ绹ǹõġ
ƾµʵǲģΪʲôҪǬԼǷ̫ƽʱûóɡ
ţҡĿ⣬ЩɻƫͷƺΪлҪ˵
ҡ䴽ǳЦһ˿Ĺ⣺̫ˡ
˵̫Խ磬λΪһӰǰȥзӿ·ʶܿɢȥ
ӰУȥԶȥӰϸһ˿ɲЦ΢һεĽ糡֮ɢͥɢĲģȴسɴգ۾׷ҡ⡣
翿糡޲ɡ
ӣӣû˲ı£Ǭ׷ȥ
ҡƺڲɫĽϾ׷ҸϣҲ֪˶ãһƯеСǰ
Ѿв̤㣬ȻֵҡȻ˵ע⡣
ǰСĳξע⵽̫꣬лһ˿ܵĹ⣬Ϸʵ˵û뵽öˣ֪ϢԼʮָˡ
˻һҡ⻳̫˽㡣
Ų̫İ̫껹ǵҪ£ξĻ
ξͬĿ̾˿Ӳ㣬ƽղδְ
ٵѺձ鲼кܶᾡְƳ۳ξ̧ۿġ
һɫĹâ𣬷·ҪգâĶڹ￴ģļµĸоڳ˶ﲻ򵥡
Ψûע⵽ҡ˵ǾâӰɫӰâ棬µԽᣬǼѵǰŲƺʲôε赲ǰߡ
Ȼǰ˶˶٣תͷҡ߶ϡ
ԭ
ﲻԼͬĸֳһͷ
ҡӸµĿѹסʶڴİһӣ֮ǰڻþֵĸо˽
ԭֹ˻þҲȥˣԣʱӦǸںϿ
ѹʼվúвԾĵطԭһ϶һꡣ
ȤʲôҪĶǷҲͬĸо
ƺԽԽȤˡ
˶ӵʱƺبŵĲɣʵֻж̶һϢҡﴽһЦСϣһʵʰճų뽫С
ͬ䵽С֮ϣأһɼۿɼĵ鳱ӿ𣬽ơ
ҡ⿴˿СԵǰеĳξӳˣ˹ԽߣСųԽǿԽߵǰ棬ʱ磬»ΪΪռ˱ˡ
û̽ʵʵĹС˵Թûǹֵ
ҡǰŲŲǿĽƣüճ¶ѵķ̫꣬ɽȡɡſ
ʱ԰ĺɡɹƺҲģȻֻжȥС
̫ͷ౴ԭأԼɡǰС
ò˵ɡȻʧ飬ǵֵס˲ٱǱˣɵֱͦǰʹٶȱǿ첻˶١
ɡһó˲˵ע⣬ﶼݲˣҸƾȡڶᷨľٶֻǿ˼۾רעԸǹɹ
ʱ뵺Ĳʮɾ롣



45 
, 񣬲Ҫ̫꣡ҡ˼Ǹ׷Сʱ, ̫Ĵ, һءĽŲԽԽҡһɨֻ̫걧Դܹסȡ
, Ҫû̫꣡Ҫ̫̫꣡յʣÿ仰شԼ֣ԶķҲίáౡֱлʶҡΪʲôԺóԵġ
ҡⱻСһͷ, ͷűסŵ̫, ȻһԵ¡̫δҲ̫ܵ˰ɣ
ΪڻûΪԭ
̫, 㿴ǱߵĶ𣿡Լи², ܲõ̫ʯؼ̫ˡ
ǿʯͷ𣿡̫˳ҡָŵķ򣬵ɴۺʡ
̫Ļһ, ڳ˶עֳһƷϣΪ˭ҲϵǸûܿĶһƣ뵽ڵعųֵ, ˿Ŀⶼһˡ
ҡ̫ĻҲЩ, û뵽Ȼ̫ܿʯ, ȻعΨһ֮
̫꣬ȥﰢǿʯͷò, ҡЦе̫˵, Ϊ̫ʯ͵, ˵ۺ˾䣬Ҫ˭Ҫȥ
ȷ᲻Ϊ̫ʯ˺ܹҸѣȻĻսи
̫꿴һΪѵıҡ˵ã̫ġ
СȥĿ̫һĵʯ̨ҪԽӽʯ̨ǣȴҪһСԽ
ΧĳξѾͣ²ǰˣ˭õҪ˭Ҫġ
žСֻʣ̫һԽᣬԽһߵʯ̨ǰ
üǰʯͷ۾һ˿֮ɫƬ֮С쵽ɫץסʯ̨ϵǿŹŹֵʯͷ
һ貵â˲佫̫ס֮ƺкƴ־ӳиգһӰһţ̫üġ
ǣ۽ķҡ￩һ£С˵ûһΪ̫Ե͵۽ʲôĪǣǵ۽ת
̫ʯֳƸʯ;˼иعЧǱȿҪľֻҪһ˿ڣ̫ʯһһģһ˳
֮⣬һȻ̥
ֻ̫ʯΪʲôڶֱӸ۽
ҡ˼֮ʣǹɢȥСϵǹɹƺҲЩɶɡɿĳ̫걼ȥ
̫꣬նʱһĿѹġꡱ
¡¡֪ǲ̫ʯߵԵʣСʼӵ˲佫С˺ɳ
һ˶̱ɲáξЦ
ҡⱧס̫꣬ɡһͣסξĹ
һ̣Ѿ˰ΧĹҡƮȵܿƳһûжһ䣺Ǻģӡ
湫ҲҪһԸң˵ҡתͷӳĿʱ䡣
ٲ̫ʲôϵһֱûϳҡȻڵҡ⿴Ŀɬѱ档
㡭ԽĻȻɫһ䣬ҡֿ۲Զ粻ƺЩɡ
ҡⰵһԽ϶³ݣ˵ز˾뵽ݺģһ/ٻر塣
ı**ǿóȻöݹܲס/ٻֻһ֮䣬ľӳӦܳŵþһЩ
ʶ﹵ͨౣ߲ʶݹһһ̾Ҫʧ
Ȼһɫ赲סݹ⡣
λ뽫̫ʯ¡ջ⣬΢ЦĿҡ⣬ϵϢڲǣĶԲһ·ǵԪӤڡ
ڳĳҡԽᶼĿѣ²ʲôӽΪǿҡ̲סָȻŮȶأ𾳵̫ˡ
ԭⶫ̫ʯҡĿ΢ΧתһȦʯͷķ
ӣⶫ͵ǊĶˡ
ʯͷɵգһϹȥ·ֱһ׹סգۼ伸ӰҪƴӰܿ챻û
ҡΧ̫뿪Խᵲס
˭ҪԽܿҪʵˡûиԽ˵Ļᣬֱһ仰ɲĿдĪЦݷɿ뿪˴
ǻټġ
һİҡ̧ۿ̫ʯĿԣҡ΢΢һЦĿԴ
*
ݹҡԶսûԭ·أǶµˣǵС˵ﻹһڡ
ҡ⻳̫Ͳסįʯͷʯͷڣ
ҡ̫۵СϺݺݵһڣЦſ佱̫̫ˣ
̫ʯ̨õĲ̫ʯһֵӣʶ̽ȥ֪ӵ
һɵĻ飬֪ĸ׷Ƕģ˲֡
һܣģһзٰܼ硣ҡûֱûģ̫ʯǽȡ̫ʯϢû齫һʯΪ̫ʯ
֮ǰ˵ʱ䣬ڰû齫ʯΪ̫ʯ
ôֱûٰ̫ʯȻб׶ˣʯֵܼʱ䲻ʶƣҡȱֻʱ䣬ʯаѡ
ֻðս/ٻأԽ֪ĶݺܿҪ¶ˡ
ţҡĺһƺʲôΣյĶ
͵̧ͷһɫӰվǰ
žžžñ£һ͵˶ƭˡֹ̧ƣɫĳ޷Զ¶һ˿аЦ
ξҡⲻȷĿǰȻˣǳξǹаϢȴ̲סƤ
һŹֵЦóһɫСӣͷһۣЦ˵ãǸܵļһ𣿡
ҡľĴﵽߣ֪ΪʲôԸǰΧҲ뵥ǹɶʵʣһּ̤ʵĸо
ԣ㵽˭һȪȻҡҡ⼴Īһ㰲ȫС
ôףƫͷȥȻ׳һǸǻȻĿ⿴ŶԷ



46 ޣ
Ȼֲֵȫ, Ϊͱٻصһֻһ⻯
һֱңҡһ, Ŀ֮ɻ, ֻһʼʱûϢĸ
ǣֱûţǿ
߻뱾вС죬ͫ׵ɫһ, ҡҲֱ˵湫ӣ߻ǧ겻ĺ
䲻ӳֲԴǵĸ䣬ĮһеĹ¾վ, ǹڶɢĺ, ·ֱӸļ
ûд, ɫ˫ͫź, ޱ˵ҵϢԨʲô
ЩԾüڳӸһ˿ɫ, ǳǳĻȣЦ˵һֱ׷٤Ҷ䣿
٤ҶѪħ֣ҡⲻɫĴһԵ, ой¡
֪䣿ɫδ, ҡԲеĺ
ħ٤Ҷ˴ӹһĨЦ, ʹҵҲûãȻҲȥ޼֮ء
ҡⰵһ, ԭĸײʧ, ȥ޼֮ءСɽؾ޺ųơ֮ء, ޼֮ؾ׽綼֮ɫľء
޼֮ңԶĻĹžѾڣ̫ħĹ԰ȥܳ˶Īط̤㶼ȥ޻ء
ΪʲôҪȥ޼֮أǸ٤Ҷаʲôɫ
أѾһЩ˸ĪĿ޳ָ⽫ĺڲӷһҳɫħҳӿ
ϻ˵òˡȻǱ壬ܶջһڤҲ
׽гȻҲˮ׿ֹЧȪˮ׽ĴˮһΪڤˮڤǾǴڤˮȻ챦̶ȿ벻С
ơڤǣҪܴﵽҪ󣬹һ㣬ͱȲѵá
ڲ﷭ڵħѸٽҡͻΧЩħһëȻĸоҡⲻǽӳŷٵİħһħ·㷢֨֨ƺڲʳϵķٵ
СѾͷٵ𲢷ܣٺ!ħ⣬˴ŵЦ
΢΢üעŹħҲ֪ʲôһɼµı֮ǰڣ͸ıһ㲣ħ棬ħײϱ㷢֨֨ʱƿ㡣
ԭ̫ԨħоƳƳҡ⣬˸ƺ˼ʲô
ҡⱻǸ˼Ŀ⿴еëڴʲô⣿
֪ǲĴֻ֮ʼձӷ·ѩ˲ڣıǳǳȣת˲š
Լ̾һͳ΢ƵͬëƮ䣬޵ҡΪˡ
Ƭ̣Ѿ˼ޣħʴ͸ı϶žһӦ顣
֪ʱóһöɫСԲԲһֵͣҺԲҺ顱һͬϸɫ١
Բﳤһ־ͷ֯һħסЩŤȻ޷ħȫɣǡñһƾе״̬
ɫȾϺɫҲϺɫ
ԭվҡϵķ౺Ȼų򣬷ɵٴһţɫħʱӿȥ
ҡû뵽౾Ȼħմɫ䣺ౣҪҳԶ
Ȱƴ˶ٵķԴԴϵħδ仯ԭһŰɫë򽥽ɵҵɫ
˶ŷ¶֮ɫκĿ⿴ҡ⣬һƻЦֻ񲻼򵥡
ͷָĵһĺڲַһҳ
䡱һֻ޴ƾճ֣ڣͷªɲɢһŵʬ֮ζ
ʬĦɷɫ΢ԭһȻסһɫĽ⴦ƺһɭ亮ѡ
ҡĻ³˳ʬĦɷħպĴħ֮һȻڵǰֻʬĦ޵Ϣڽ𶦾󾳽硣
øξһģһĺ˵ʲôˣ֪ܣǱڲҲޱȡ
̫Ԩħ飿ķΪʲôû
ʬĦɷһȣԭεȫ޼ɵҡϾ
ҡٿЩ磬ǵתʬĦɷӿȥķʽӴֱһ㵭ɫһЩͳͳס
ҡɨķզ࣬ڤɵĻֱ֮ȡ֮֮ߡЩԭ۲ɲ飬סɸ״񹤵ıѩ硣
ÿ
һҡУҡæһˣնʱĽһҫ۵ıâ·һ˲仯ΪѩĹȡ
ʬĦɷһ񣬰ڰУΧ֮ڣնס
ҡ⿴ǰıɫ΢ĻѾôȫֵļĶƺ˭Ҳûƾӡ
ʬĦɷӦûô׶Ը֮ʣ鿪ѵ𽥱󣬡һסʬĦɷıֱӴмѿΪԲģסƣžһ»Ϊ
һöӰŷٵ˲䳯ʬĦɷ۷ȥͬʱһεı붤ۡ
˻ʹ˻ʬĦɷľ﷢һ·ԴɫҺ壬ʬϢŨȻʱûбˣٵմΨһıϣʹ಻ѡ
ʹԵʬĦɷԴ󷢣һ˲ǰŨʬ֮ҡǰʬɽѪĻһ˲һֻѪճҺצӳǰ
צҪǰһ̣ҡһԱߵıȥͬһʱ̣һֱֱĴ̽ۡ
ҡƾŴǰڻþеĬϻʬĦɷʬĦɷн𶦾ʵҲЩԲ
ڲԶսĺ˲û³ƺʲôɵʱԭ̬Щء۾˸ĺڲƺЩģ̯ҳֽҲЩ
԰׵ָĦҳֽƺڿЩʲô뷭һҳʱһֵ֮ľѸ˲
䡱εĻԭշԲķſ๣һڷٵ𣬺˻æ㣬һûôˣմϣһƺߡ
ˣʬĦɷƺҲܵӰ죬óٻ˲٣ҡһۣǿһ
ʬĦɷͷХ˻һѾһֻ˫Ŀˣ۸ֻʣ¿տյۿ
ãõúܣЩڴ´μˡ
ʬĦɷһʧԭǸҲӰֻʣһĻƮɢڿС
ĻŪ⣬·ǴӵĶ˱
ͷʾĽ䵽ҡϣοԴ
ҡʬĦɷ֮ʣע⵽˴ͷβһξ룬ƺûԶֵĴ㣬ɻֱһ仰ŻȻ
ûʵ壬Ҳ˵ֱɵһ壬Ϊ֪ҡзٵרſȻҿ¶㡣
ٳʬĦɷ֮֮ǰħˣЩħƺûд󰭣Ǹģ֤ʵֻΪԳˡ
ҡڶսʬĦɷʱյ౴Ϣ˿֮಻ЩЦáʶͨౣŻ͵ϮˣȻǲһ
Ǹ˸ֻһ壬û
ڣˣ⻹û׽ҡ⿴ǰеǳ
ողſһԸӳҲ
ͫѳɡĪһ仰ȴҡ͵һ
!ȻõϬǣǸƻͫпѾɡҲ˵ڵعһʼѾϳ
ֲֻôô󷽣֥Ҫ!˰һ֪ݣ֥˭û
Уһû˵;ϊҡ⡣
ѣ𣿡ҡ⻹ոյϢʱȻƫͷĳֿ˵˾䡣
ȵȣӳ˵ܲٲܲٵ



47 
һӰȻԳΡ
׻˵һɽݶ, /ͬ߱ɽ·ߣĵһ, һ˵Ĺ, ҡÿе¶ȶȻ½˺üȡ
˶û˵ƺڵȶԷȿڣҡ⿴˿, ƳĬλҪɣҾȸˡ
ӳסҡ⣬Ͻü΢΢š𣬱ţ ̫ʯ
湫˵Ц, Ҹƾȡ, ҡһ, ЦЦƳ, ȻǊҵ̫ʯй˵ĵ
ҿ̥ӳƽĿڡ
˵, һ٣Ѿͣδװ, ǹѰģⲻġ֪ǵ̻Ȼγɵ·, ƴϢ
ҡһ, С˵ǰʥĪǾǰѣǿƷ, ӵŮ⻷ԹĿ
̫ʯ͹̥, ĸһЩӳĹ, ĬĬ˼
ҪµĶʹҵ˼
һֱϹ۵һҡɫתͷԵ΢ЦѯʣѾ˹ӣӵĻأ
˵ԶһӰҡⲻ⸹ǸĪֵĺˣԼԶˣôನۡ
ѵĹ̥ʮָȤǵѲԸౡ֮濴ӳĹ̥һ¸¶ɫǹɳ֮Ա
ҡƫͷ̧°ͣϸһĨڽЦʥŮпװǣƺ̫
̧ҡ⣬΢΢׵ԭҲֽһˡ
ϧˡҡüӨϾ¶һǸЦûڳӦû˿Ԥ׵ʧ
ֻ̫Ļ̫꣬ȹԹԸŹ㡣
һ֮ͬһƤʧڳļǾ޴ʧҡ⻹һں̬̫һơ
ȻʵҡⲢǰݣ֮ôż̫Ҳ˲ôϣΪЩħƺҪˣ֪ǲǩ˹Ĺϵоķ׽ҲҪǰˡ
ĿҪĹǸֵŸǿΪĹϵ˲Ʒһ޷ʹãĹõǱص֮Уˡղʹ˲Ʒĳ档
ò˵Ӳ˲ƵʱܵһɽռԭЩģû뵽ɾƿǲعѾ˸칬ſڡ
ҡ⿴Ϥĵط˿̯ģѾΪһмһʧ
һֱϵķϤĵطɵпĵĴҫ۵ĻҰ׵ССӰʱɻı壬๣ݵģеơ
ڿķౣҡе㵣ӭ׽٣Ҳ֪֪֪ô׽١
Լķ׽ٵǲôǣһΪ/Եζȹ׽һİգڵعĻþǾ£ĥĵģʵ
䡱һŻ׽ͻأĳϿգݺݵȥչӭϣֱǵ׽١
Žһ·𻨴ѽҡͷдŻ׽٣Щп˵ȵǷ౶׽ٵķʽ
ֱ׽٣бȫoŶ׽ٸ͵ȻеΪʲôҪƫoһˣηǵ£ǿԵѪͳһγɹģ׽綼ᱻoƷ
ŷµ׽ԽԽ࣬ҡһʼľΪľĵʼϢ׼Լķ׽١
칬Ͽգ֪ʱơ
*
Ҫ˽ֵʲôĹһ˽ӵϢϢ˵бۣ˰Űɣ漴ڱ޿졾򡿷һͼȻɾޡըˡ
һޣƹҪԱվ˾ǹ
ĸ׽綦鳡ӣձ鲼ħ壬Ϊ˴̸ʣһԲϲŮɫԺóֿȵλŮ׷һλ
򻨴йĸȣһϮµĹ֪ǶŮĵ£û뵽ǣŮɫĹһֱûк֪ȴֱӶһӡ
ڲ²⺢ӵĸŮɰ˰ꡣ
⣬һŮֲʱἰϢƗѰزõ峤֮ӱһЊŮ°ߣֻǗҲĲ˗壬Ůŵ۶ڴ̽ټħ嶼С
˽ǰ빫оŮϵһ𣬷־ȻͬһŮ
һշٵвŮӡ̣ϴ˵Ůŵ֮ڰѰŮΪŮһ̥
ٵ̥һó㹻ԴοŮŵ۶Ѱ䣬˴µĿŶȡ
һʱ䣬ֱϷ˼⣬͹֪Ķ˽ӵϢк߷ƺΪֹ͹׽ŮޣԴ˻ɺ͹ġ
۵ڱ޿˼ʮ¥ߡ
˷塣
УҾҪ㣡ϲ۵ͷžǰİӣµ
ͷҲ̧ķԸ磬ȥҪȥ̨췣
ǡǿн̫걧뿪˷䡣
̫СһҵţȭͷšСȴһȭͷ󾳵ΪԲ
ȿȣСܲͣͣ౻۵ؿڣ̫꿴ź͹һģһ˵ڣĬҪСӼƽϣҪСӼƽϡ
̫죬̵ֳ۽մۿˮ·һ̾ҪܲסỨ
ۡһ춯ظ׼ʱ쳹Ժ
˭ǲ̫ȥҰҪȥҰ
ڵֱӲ¸ħͭƬüͷи
ʱˡ
ֿãƺڿʲôԾ£һ˫𣬷·Ŀǣ˿ͫе
֪˶ãһߵ˼һӣ򿪸
ӡɫЩ֣ƺ֪οڡ
üģƽһβڵôˣ
̫ˣһ֪ܵĶȥŮҪڣ֪Ӧڵع
̫꣬һֹ
˵ͨõǰ֧֧ģһ˿档
ֱӽҳϣһĻһż㡣
ż㣬ɨ֣빫ӷֱ࣬νһղ깫ӿ̫һֱڹӶлЩʱյտսӻ̫ꡣ
ޱţңһСɵʯ̽ȥֺ֮Ȼ֮Ŀ
ʰһ£ȥޡ
͵̧ͷȵʣӣôȥʣµĻĿ±¡
ǣ׼
̫꽻ȸָһգżʱΪҽ˭֪·𴥵ʲôأҽȼһ̣ȵĻΪһλŮӡ
ħЊ͸ӵһлϣԹаŮЦȻ˵仰̾ɢ
Ŀ࿴ʧӰϽˮ¼еֽôãȻ
ӣ˶٣˵ȸһֱʧٵ¡
عü΢΢˵ܿͻˡ
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Ĺ
еĽɢҡӵݲʩ˸
ԭԪģĿܿ磬ʹǰȫͬĸ֪ҡúȻ綼һˡ
ֲ˵󾳵Ԫ֮һˮ룬Ԫܲռķ֮츳ڵĻܳһķ֮󾳲֪ǿٱ
䡣ԭյĴźȻʱҡǸŹŵĻ̤˽ȥ



48 
ڻʱģ, Ǽܾ޴ױɭɭĹ⣬ǰĲָ롣
ҡϴӦλǰ, ҲûϸĹڲ, л鿴Źˡ
Լǹ˲ڣڶгһĸоտյĺɪ, Ľǵδޣצ͡
ҡ⻷ΧһȦֻǽϵĸڻЩͷ, ߵһߵıڻǰ, ʱһɺӿ
ڻе°׹⻪, ƺǼƷʯ㺮ĸʯ, ҡ̲סһˮڱڻ, ɾӨı鸲ǽϣһ֮ɢһ, ǽȾһ˪
Ȼǹ㺮ĸʯ̲סСֹ, ôһ㺮ĸڻ, ǺԶʡ
²۹²ۣҡ⵹ûд㺮ĸʯ, һ·ߵڻǰ档
ǰıڻһƬ, ȥʲôݶû, ȻͷԣĪмϤ֮С
ǣ̫ţűڻòȷ૵Ҳ֪ǲǹ㺮ĸĹâ̫ҫֵۣ֮ѣθϮͷ͡
ҡ˻Դü˳űڻķһ·¿ڻ֮У̫ħʱʱ֣ƺʲô
һգ۴Լʮɳıڻ꣬ڿǷĶĿ
һöԲԲԲƬһλħУۣԤв̫һ
̲סսųϸ۲ǿԲƬȻһɺƴƥƴԲƬ﷢ҡѹȥ·Ҫ顣
ҡʶİӭԲƬϢ߻ãƬ̣ǰʤһԲƬϢû
ԲƬĽҡⲢ֪飬ƺһŶͷܿƵ˼ɫЩҰףҲ볳һ亹ƺˡ
ౣôˣ֪ɷ˹ĵͷȥ
ҡⰲסת˼Ȧʶ㰲
ǱʶֹǿԲƬҡҲ֣ߵһߵıڻǰ
ߵıڻֺĻ粻ͬƺԲ֮ͬ֡ڻڱʢ˥仯һ仨ʢлḶ́ҲкƼ뵽Ḷ́ǱڻǴƬķӿƺڻ롣
űڻϵԽԽЩƺڶͷһ֣˽ģԭųջأкʲôҪ˵궼֮С
*
ǰޱ޼ʵҡããƺãȻΣ֪ʲôط
Сˮ죬̫翣ҡ޷ǴĸģֱֻܸߡããûʣҲ֪Щγɵģµ·塣
Ե޹һֵطȫҡֻһǰҲ֪ת˶ãǹ޵ˮڱһ㡣
Զһɫע⣬ò׷һһĵطҡźڵķȥߵýŷǸڵʵһ鱻סĺɫʯͷ
ɫʯͷԼ˼֣ҡǰ˼ڿʯͷϵġء
أ
ҡЩŵĿǰʯͷ鲻ԽۣʱĻˡ
أ˵̫žʹڵһأռųһ
֮ռһλãصĹЧϡ
ϴꡣ
׷ǿר֮ͬ׽Ҳ꣬겻ͬ١
ص֮ϴ꣬޶ȵĻǱеѪ֮
ңԶԶţԶŴܸµĴͨӿУҽ⿪̲еѪܻ֮ĴͨѪ֮Խ⣬õĴͨԽǿ
ҲΪʲôԽļ壬츳ڵļԽ󣬳ⲿԴѪռ˺ܴء
Ϊˣضױȵ壬֮Ԫ˵û𡣱й𾳵ĳС츳ƽƽ˻غܳŹȥͿܼ̳츳ͨδȼ档
ʷϲûйкüλ𾳴ƾ軯زŸıһļ˵ܶƽܽϴ꼤Ѫ֮
ϧǣΪϹŵƵʹѾظϹھѾټֱڶûκϢ
˭뵽ؾȻĹıڻ֮С
ҡĿȥںɫʯͷ£ȻһqqˮأˮǴ﷢ġ
űڵĺɫˮأﻹЩɣʯͷдšءԻһ֪ҪǸ壬
㲻ʶ֣ҡ֮ʣһ
ҡȻͻһ˲·ޱתһģ
һСϢվҲ֪վ˶á
˭ҡⶢԽ䱸
̶ȱҲ˵ΪҪߡ
СӣƺЩ⣬һ˵Ҹ㣬Ҫڻؼ졣
ţҡǸŵӰĪԪΪأ
ȻҲ˵ǰڳӾǴ˵еĻأǣΪʲôҪԪѵʲôƣ
ͷԺлǰСĿһЦ̽죿Īʱ䲻죿
㲻Ҫ˵ҿǴ룡СĻɫߺߵı⣬˵Լ˵©죬ҡ⣬ɴԱƲͨĵ˵죬һҲֲ
ҡⴽṴÿµĺӵĿ⿴СҡͷɲҪ˵ôҪܼأ
Ҫܼ죬ҾͣҾ͸һžת굤㣡
һΪҡüһԥء
*
ʹ
ڳˮûһѻصϴǴԼһֱǧиʹĸܣǧֻڿ꣬ʹºľⲢζӹһ٣ľһʹϽ١
·ǧصĶͣѹ꣬ҡѾò󣬳ˮһ»Ϊ壬ֿʼһֵѹ
֪˶ٴ飬Ӧʹʱµĥֽˡ
еĻҡŵڻԶ²һϴķʽʲô
ԭܾʶģ޾ʹ࿪ʼʴǡ
ãٲȥ¾ûٳȥˡ



49 
ι, ڻԵȴķŲӿųص׵ˣ˾, 㻹, ˵Ҫѵô
ʹڻشҲ˭ֵܼģŮȥѾˡ
ڳص׵ҡԼ˵, һµûУʶ񼴽ȼĵоҡҡ׹ʱϨ
Ŭ, 걻ϴǧٿ׵ʹ總֮Ұ־, ֮ҽ̬, ýʣǵƴͨʶеŰ
ʲô, ҵʶܸóɣ
֪˶ãŰڶ˶, ƵķųһСǳɫܿסҡꡣ
ҡعĸ㣬һůĶΧ, , ˲ػ˹
סҡʱ, һ̫֮ϢһţڻԵķɫ΢, ׽𾳼ϵĴͬһʱ䶼ԼӦʲô, ûж޼֮ⷢһ
ͨʿ֪ʲô, ϿղдཻҲܲѰĵطħʱħʹ׽ΪߵһȺˣڴƵ̸϶ǳ˴¡
ʱ׽Ϊ𾳵Ĵ˭ҲҷҶĬĬȴţ֪׷ʲô¡˭֪Щ̸һ˵һȫʧӰ٣·ո𾳴ɵֻ˵һþ
ηзӯŸոյ쳣ڻԵķüͷĿĶųӣϵı쳣ḻкзãȥʮָӡ
ֳڻصĳ֧°ͣȴ˳
졣
졣

ھ졣
ı˰ɣüųӣǧδйԪڻشھ죬걻Ѱ޷ȣʹҲֻ롣
ǰܿص׵Ӱ֮Ҳص׵ˣʱǸŮѱسˡ
ƽˮ棬һ˿ìܵĿ⣬Ƭҧҧ
*
ҡܵԴԴϵϴӵ꣬ʹڼ仹޾ʹҲ޷һֻҪټһʱ䣬Ϳܻᷢ벻ı仯
ҧֵʱԭĳˮȻһ㣬صݷӿӷ๾ࡱ
۾һӰҡ̾ϢһѾ˻Ե
Ӱһ̴ӳˮ
ңһΪ㱻ˡЩĵͷק½ǣû˼ҡı顣
֮ԽлأΪ뻯صĴ󲿷嶼ֱˣֻм˶ܳ
ҡЦһ˵㲻ˣҾת굤ɣ
СǺİ컵£ԵѾʧԹ˼Ҳ޼£Ԥһյģʹûб˴Ҳֲʮ졣
ôԶŵˣҡĻԭľִһɨ⣬̧ͷķ˵
Ըķ䣬ȥ֮ҾͰѾת굤㣡
ҡ̿õĿⶺǾͶлˡ
ɣƷ޷޵ĺŤͷߡ
ҡϸ۲Լꡣԭǵɫģûʲôر֮֮Ĳ˹ı仯
·𱻷ӡĶ׽⿪һ쳣ߣҪʶҲ˴ɫԼнɫĹâ
Ѫ֮״򿪵
Щʶ̽תһȦҲûŰ׼ջʱ֪ʲôʶһ󼤵һֻɫĺһֵֻͷԻ
ǰķ͵תҡԻѪͼͫ΢Щ֣ҧҧȻǡ
Ļû˵ڣֻӵĿҡ⣬˵㣬ԺǲҪ¶ѪͼΪá
ҡһĿŶǸͼڣﷺһ˿ֹǰѪͼֻֻɫŶѽôһֵˣ
ȻһģһĪֱ˸ӺÿĸоõļУûԣһľսĸо
Ѿڵĳ࣬׽һܽҪƯȥ!
ʱ˿е֪Ǹͷβûгֹʲô֣Ѫͼڣֵͼڻôӡ
ıֻ÷棬ѪͼڻΪ˾ʱ޿̲ڸ߱һȥݺ߬ס಻ܺĸо𶼿С
ҡջԻѪͼڣ鸴ӵĸڷ󣬲úߵһںŻǰͣת˵ȥת굤һ͸㡣
һ֪֣ܵȸʲôɡҡ⿴ǰĺСȷݡ
죬ͷתתż⣬̧ͷҡ۾һ˵ҽзƣҪסҵ֣Ϊֻ˵һΣ
Ҽסˣơҡ䴽һЦתǶѡ
û뵽С˵ǸϲĺСʵôֿɰЩ⣬û뵽ǸžȻתйҲ֪λУ
Ȼɻ󣬵ûж˵ʲôֱŻС
ƿʧеӰ廯Ϊһֻҫ۵Ľˣһչ˲ʧƺ
׽ޱһڴĸɽ壬зɽӵķڴ˴
еķɽһͨɫĹ
׹֮һĳ˹ʥء
һ⻮ƵӰ䵽˹ڣĹгֵǸ͵Ⱥһԡ
šƹС˵Ŵϡ
Ѿ֪ˣΪ֮һܴơ
ƲƲ죬Щɵʣҵʱûȥǲǻʮ죿
ŴȰƵͷƵ¶һЩɣЦʱδɡ
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ҡصĹڴ׷ŷòֺ
޴ҴյСûȥû뵽޾Ȼ԰ԭ߰Сʰþ黨ϲˣֲڸ
ΨһϧС㣬ȻƾϢЩֲø졣
ôܸɣЩ᲻ýˡ
ౣ౸֪ҡԭ׷Ϸ޵Ӱת˹߷ȥ
ʮҡ⻹ǰץߵˣԶԶġ
ҡ⻹Ҫ౺ȥͷ棬Լֳ޿֮УȲ鿴һ뿪׽緢£ŻС˽鱨ӡ
꣺٤ҶϢ
˲ãԷϢ
УҪټλϢǧʮ
꣺ʮ
һţҡºʡ
꣺»ҪĹʧǰϢ֪ѿУ
峤ϢҲס
꣺һ
ѣĲʯ⡭
꣺

꣺һΣ
ڵôĵķϣ¾ˣϣǧҪй¶ȥ!

ҡޱһʯ٤ҶĸϢһĿʮеĿϢĬĬΪ
һĸӺӵĵ䷶ôķϣ͸һݴˡ



50 
֪ħ, ǵͷһһҡ۽֮, пϵñ³Ⱥ, 鳡ӵͷ鴫
һȺʲļƷΪԴȻٲ޳˵ûΪǰʮĺ·εϷ, صһΣҪ忪ս
¾٤Ҷйء
˵٤ҶȻҪᵽĸĸĸŮʥŮ丸Ѫħĳλħ, 𱳾ķˡĸǿ
٤ҶĸΪ˽鱻ŮȥʥŮ֮λ, ҶŮӸħԼȥŮܷޡҶһ൱ûĸ, Ϊħֻһ, ȻòС
ɳΪѪħŷɥĻħŮҶһħԨھһʶľ·, һԵʹչ
ʱ𻹲𾳣Ѿ׽룬ȻԷŮ޷ɶ˻, 뵱Ǹӻͷ, Ҷķʽֱ, ޲ĹŮޡ
򻨴йƬҶմ, ҶʹȻ, ֪ô, ͨüвͨºҶͶ㡣
鳡ĸϣΪ£һĽŮġ˵˫޴ҶһûֳƷǺеʱҶ͵͵ˡġ
Ů⴫ĶԭǿʥŮɶҩֻҪ伸ɽҩԳɹĳΪ׽ǰĶ.ҩ
Уĺ̥УĸӾΣŮŮԳűסͻʱû
ʼٸߵҶ֪٣һֱ֮ɱѪҶĸħһܣħʺʥ
£ΪҶʧ鲻֮ԺԪˣĸ鲻ǰºӺ޶˲ֱӶ֣־Ӻǻָ˴ǰķģ
ڰǰ޹ʧٵϢ֪û٣뻹֪ȥ޼֮ء
뵽޼֮أҡ䲻ס˸ƼĵطȥﵽΪʲô
޼֮Ӧþǿ翵ĲȪ˵ɽеĶȻΪֹ׽û֤ǷĴڣҡ˵ġ
ȥ޼֮أѵǵġġûȫغʱڸеȻ벻Ҵȥ޼֮صɡ
Ҳԣǰȥ޼֮أʱСĵţûҪǸʱºȥ޼֮ء
ǰǷʲôͬѰҡĦ°ϸ䣬ǰƺһȥ̨ʱ䡣
ϵڵعǸ˵Ļҵ٤ҶҲûáʮ**ڰǰ⡣˵٤Ҷģֻ˽ζģ٤ҶҲû취ֻͨĸ崫ʱ˱졣
ŮǷҲйأϾеԴͷŮϡŮһʥŮŮá
ܻûȫġ;Ҳİšҡü΢ȻͲµͼı족Ȼ֪֮ԷΪƯӣŮ˵Ľ黹Щź
ģǵ֪ʲôζ
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ص޺ҡⲢûϱ¶ټڿЯرĴˣĸס
ȻΪԪڻ˾죬˴һܣһʼƵο쾳ӦĹλǰҪܹȻʱΪá
ˣһҸ֮⣬˸ϲϣܸܵġġ
ûϬɹֻ˵ħĻԵԵˡ
Լڲɽĳס£ȴ쾳쾳ʱԽԽӽԽԽ˾ۼڲɽ
ǲңһϤҡע⣬ɫĶ豭⳯ķȥ
һŮޣ˶Ҳ¥С˶ͨɢޣΪĹϵͨ𶼿ĵϸҲõϳ
Ѿ㡭һĿվǰĳ룬û˵ͱϻ
ˣǽڣһĵۿ˵ϲϹȻǸŮˣ
ҡò豭ֶ˶٣ڵعֿ֮־ʲôô˹Ȼ
ųεģֽţæ˵
һɨһȦֵˣĿ΢ͣ漴ʲôͳͳȥ
ԭϷﻹвģվͬסɫڳӵĺв£¥˲˴룬һֻʣҡһеԭ
㻹ߣ뿴ûжҡ⣬ԲƺЩ
ҡ⵭ķ²豭Цһǹµ𣿡
˿ߵҡ£Це˵û뵽㡣
ϴκҲô˵ģҡЦЦƳ˵ɣ϶ʲôֽţ
Щ˼ץץ䣺ϲģ֮ǰǸץ޵϶ֽš
ԸոǳǸ˵İϷҡƫͷüһսعʱںڣŹȥþѾڣ󾳣һ˰˸С磬ٶȷǵĴ
ȵȣĪǼ̳ľ֮׾âǸҡһֵĿ⿴û뵽תת̳оâ˻
ԣǸһѪδֿȵʦ
ûע⵽ҡĿ⣬ҡⱧԹŲǼٵģҸ˵
ĽǷֿľҡͬһطʼĵصͬҲ֮߳ͨͨƽ󷨵ƺΪϵ͵
ҡĬĬĻüһʣھâ˹Ȼ
ͷ˵ѽʲôâҪĶȻһõˡ
ƲƲ죬ĳ˸ۣеȴһĨزסϲá
ҡĿڳ֮תתһĲϲӳˡ
޻ϣ֪ܸܲ㸸ʵĵװû֮ת˻⡣
ʽ޻ڲڽǶ۾һĵ˵
ޣһȻ



51 
, ôˣ뿴źȻֵĳξһȵʡ
ξһɧ, °ɵĶ֦Ѫħұ, ɫڼϣīüβִڻ, ҡñξ˸ĶӡǷ˵
ѵΪס𣿡ξü΢̧¶һϷʵĻЦٿ, ҡĳԼǰ, Ըڻ, Դâ, ʵں˺Ĵڡ
뷭˸̨ۣ첻, ǲǹûݣ
Ѿͷұ磬ξĳԴɨҡ, ŽĻἰ, ҵˣ
ͷ, ۳ξһ˵ѽϴξ˵һץ, ô˵ɣ
ҡһԹ۲, ֳ̬Щ, ƺͳξʮ׽ʶľֶֹԳξЩ䱸뵽ǸͳξһģһĺˣҡȻúȤ붼вɸ˵ܡ
ִĶʶˣξЦһĿ·ҡϣͷβûпһۡ
뿴ҡ⣬ЩԥνҡֱӿڵС䣬ҳݡ
ƽһĳ࣬ΪҲĶڣôۡ
ξĿ΢ճһƯĻȣӶ˰Σ˵飬ϲ
ҵѣ㲻Ҫӽվ֮䣬ĵųξ
ҡƺҪСץ޽ȻˣԭԹԴϵķ౺ȻɵҡϣʶҪ߷ޡ
ҡЩͷۣ֪Ͳ÷޺ͷ飬һֻ޸롣Ȼţûнó
౵̫ñϣҡڳʱͽ˸ı䣬ֻһֻͨѩȸһۡ
ʹˣξע⵽ౣ˺üۡ
ףҾ¥ôô٣ʱſڴһȵŮ
ſڽһȺˣѧĵһ̤Щ죬ҡϡǵúǵϬؾڼǸŮӡ
ȻҲϳ̧°ֳͣŪﱻˣѧˣǡҰ
ǸŮӸսɫ䣬Ļˣ˶ٹм˵ʦ°ܽ
ûйȻǸŮ㡣ЦеǰⲽŮʶˡ
ξ³룬ԼߵŮǰЦʣϻǸСˣ
˳ξĳƺ΢죬˶ܻ˵ξ˵׼֣
ξţ¶һĿѣԵĻЦԭЩ䱸ŮӲԾЦУɫȾϷϼһ򦣬
治Ͼ˵Сһػ
ŴԵĵͳߣֶ飬һԿϷҡⲻԾһƤ񣬲ΪǸ¹Ĭ
䣬ԭվǰŮ󵹷ɣײͬźֱˤ˴Զ
һŮӽõĻŮӴ橡Ҵҵܳȥ鿴ξһķɵŮӡ
ħһĶڣͲ´ȥǵ˳Ц𣿡ѧȺΪߵľڣһϳξûʤ㣬ֻɳӲͷƤڿͷ϶ԳξǴ֮⡣
Ц˭ҳЦξĿӹѧˣԭŭĿԶԵ˶ԾܿߣŵĹһЦĻͿȥȱʸ뱾һϸߵ͵
֪Ȼ񣿡һת˵ңң¥ڣѧҵĹǰ㣬׷ӭſڣкšʦ㡱
ȻһϮȻڣĻŮӷ˵橣ɫѿĵųξˡ
ҲŮӶ֣ӳͱУξüһЦеĻӿȣ˵Ƿ
ҡ̲סָ֮ǰڵع˭һģǰһֱɧû뵽ξɧҪǸֲк߳ǡڶ
ȻƳ橣һۿϵ⣺ٵѺαظϾɱ顣
ӷģˡξЦЦĿ橣橱񿴵ûһ³һںѪ
ٵѡȻɫĿڣû˵ͱξϡ
Ȼƽʱϲϧ񣬵һ˱Ǿǵ۸ˡɴЦȴĪ˲
ȼӣʲôʲôèҷͣĪ˻ң
ڳһƬĬȻû˵
ǰļԭǡȻҦǰ屻𣬶ڵĵȴһڶλãûè˭Ҳš
ҵʵڻû׷ȫʢʱڵĻңħҪңʤ㲻Ҫ̫󡣺οұлħӰҵ׺˭˷룬ǻħǾ͸Ȥˡ
ٵȻв֮벻ߴͽ̡Ȼü΢Ŀ⵭Ȼ˵
ξЦһĿתϣǵˣ쾳̵ֽĻóȥɡ
ƲƲ죬ͷСֹ˵ȫ˵ˣûҷӵĻᣡ
ɤӣЦȻĿȻһλעǱģ
ҡųжĻ̲סǳ˳飬ѾͷͦŵģսΪħӤΪħħӤڸ֣һҲӦõġ
ŹȻǳˣҲ֪Ǭ֮ж༤ңϾԭѾˣִðûеš
*
ͳ˷ֱҡ˲ˣʼյ͵ĵһ۵ŮޣûʲôҪ鷳
ҲûͳȥƺҲҪҡʼվóץ޲ǵΪ˸ħʵ񣬳ξ̬Ҳֵȶ·𲢲ϣõޡ
Ȼлɣֻ̫ܷһߡ
գۼ쾳ԽԽɽҲۼԽԽˡ
һȻмУڲɽߵһʱ;ۼ˲ɽļС
쾳׽һʢ£ʹûбͨ鱮֣˻ʱܵɽ֤һʢ¡ɽУ㼯޵ʿһʢУΪֹûĸܱȵϡ
ɽ˺ļ۴αȵ̯ӣߺּۻзӯ죬ҡһЩ׼ظ
ת֮ʣԼһϤɹĽŲͣ
ڴүҪҾͲˣ



52 
ҡ⴩Ⱥ, ߵǸ̯Ӹڱһȭͷʯͷ, ԱվһλŷɫǧˮȹŮ, üͷЩε˵ͨ죬ֲÿûãȥĵطòã
̯Ļ, ⻰ͲˣЩȫðΣմӹսȻģȲϱ˵ģܽԶսĸõķϳˣ˵ĶƬأ
¹Ŀ̯ϵĶ, ˵ô˵, ƾһʲôö˵ɹսķ, ˭֪Ǵã
, ƶ˵һ乫ɣԱ̯λ̯̲ס, Ȼ˵ЩȷʵǴԶ֮սã㿴űǾ, ȻªĵѶ֪ǹƵ, Ѿ˶ˡ
¹ﲻͷĴĳƪۣҿӦúһİ, ʲôʦ־ʦ, ҪҪҺƣ
̯ĻЦ, ǺһӵĶ˭, ʶĴñɳ
ҽʦֹҴǰɣ¹Ǻ
˵ĻֱӱŴʯͷһˡ
ûľŭԥġˡ÷ɿ죬һգ۾ѾܳʮԶľ롣
Ҫ뿪֮ʣһֻ
ĸ국ץ󡭡ʣµĻȻֹ۾ֱĶץסҡ⣬¶ɫڵı飬ʯͷڵϡ
໣˽ҵˣһ˵ҡ⻳۾·ˮϴֺ
Ϣˣڻ͵ҡ˵Ĵڣˣʱչú
ոǸʲôͨ죿ֻɫҲ˼ͨ
ǳҪ
ߣպ׷ˡ
˼ڸλ鷳ˣû˿ڣҡȿڶסǵ죬ʯͷʯˡ
ŭ̯ĻЩͷԣһŭҲʱȥüʵ˭ֻ赽˭ģ
˭ͨҪʯͷˣҪȥ¹һĿҡ⣬ЭĶԴ˵
ҺʹǰʱʧɢҵҪлЩʱնչˡҡƳ۶Է·ϵı־һû뵽黨ˡ
ͨ죬ŮһǸͨɢޣȷʶ¹üĴӴ֡
ϧڲûҡ⻳ĵ˵˽㲻øлҿľˣҪҵġ
Ůһ˼Ŀҡʹڣ˵ʲô˽㣿⸱ģ
黨һòȡˣҲ˵ͬʵ黨ò毺õˣ黨òͨˮ׼߳һأǰλ¹Ȼòҡ״ΪʲôԸˡ
ȻǰҲ״˭ƯԸ˭ȻҲ˵ոǷ
ʲô⸱ģ˽Ҫһǧһ򱶣ڵȵķҡ⡣
ʲôϵҲܣֻ֮Ϭ͵ߵĶҡͷĻӻ֣ȡرߵʯͷ
ҡһܿ˵ǴòԣΪǸԸ˫۸ʯͷ̯̯ʲôöƼһҲ¡
û뵽ô˵㶲˵˳ϿҵķϣոյҾͲ׷ˣֻո˵Ļģ
ҡųԪӤڵϢ΢Ц˵ֻҪֵкβɣ
Ҫ˵ҡΧʱ䶼ɫ΢䣬Щɧ̬ȱú֮ǰȻͬĻȭǰǿʯͷֻҪԭ۾Ϳˡ
Ȼкܴ󣬵ձΪൽ龳ȻҲУϾͼûʲôˣȻһԪӤڻЩѹ
ģ˵Ϊģǰ·ɡҡ̬ƳԱߵķ¹ݸһЦ
˿Ⱥǰ·
¹ﲻ֪ʲô̬Ҳ
̯λҡԼûֱô˼ˡ
ĶЩ߰Ķ뿴ԪӤʿʲôر֮û׼ܻʶܷʲôöĶģ˸տʼǿʯͷûʲôر֮ʧ˿
ҪʲôöԷһԪӤҶ̧ۡ
ʯҡŴ׼뿪¹
黨洫֪ǰ䣿
ҡɫĪĿЦһ˵˭ҪҺ̴仰ɣ˵
黨һĴɣҡ˵黨һ·ˣ⣬δ黨
ҡĻһ𾪵Ŀҡ⣬겻૵˵ʦ㣿ԣ㻹ꣿ
ҡĪһЦŴˡ
ȷ˵񻹲ʮ
***
صסҡŴڵǿʯͷ棬ЦЦĿŴڣ˵黨ǲƯСرࣿ
͵ͷϲ̵˵ѽѽǸʲô黨ȫƯ㡱˵ܹĲһ䣬ȻǶû˽ÿ
ôϳҵģҡȻϵЦϳʵЩܡ
ֻϬһǲʵģҲ֪󵽵ʲôܡ
Ϣ˵ζڱһᣬһ˵
ҡһŵı飬ڵըëˣͷһ˵ʲô㻳ҶУΨʶ㲻ܻɱүԽϵϢԽš
ܵҡǰһ£¶ߵĳ飬˽ŵĵڶôˡ
һħʵķ˰ɣҡĿڡ
ɻ̧ͷҡ⣬һ޹ʣʲôʲôħʷˣ
ҡбһۣװװ
㲻Ǻ̸һ̸أ˸⡣
û˵̸ãһἰ̸ֱˣžડһϣܻ˵Ǹǻ㱾үڴү㱻
ҡô£ȴ˵ֻҧгݵظ˵´Ҫÿ
ʯͷô£ҡʲʲôֻ֮һ⡣
ǶɶʯָҡʯͷЦָȤȱȱ˵⼸ͲôˣһϴǻӣӦĳŸĵͼ
һȣҡϴڵĻЩȷʣϬǲһֽͨϬ
ѽ˵ޣͨϬͦͦظһʱүİ顣
֮ǰΪʲô򣿡û뵽ͨ족ȻûдгΪʲôȴƫƫģ
ڡٺ١һЦ˵֮ǰָһ·ûõĶ
ҡ˶٣̿ɵƯ



53 
ɽͨ鱮Ļ, һȫγɵټ㳡š¡¡ľγɣڰС
㳡̨
ͨ鱮, Ѿۼȴʿ, ǰĶ޸ĺӵܣԶ˸
Σѩ¥ݣǹˣһ, ʻһԳգۼ͵˲ɽ£ͿպõĿյϡ
һֻ޳ȴΪĹ, ȻͬΪ, ڳ˵ķӦȼҪöࡣ
Ȼǡӡ
ûдĻӡ
ûȴҾ, ֳһ, Ӱɫ˫ͫŵ, ǡһʼΪĹ
ǹ˽ӷ粨Ժһγǰû뵽ȻǺͬһԳ¶棬Ϣе, ˲һݵİ֮С
ע⵽ľȻֻһ߷/, ΪǬһѡ, Ҳ֪ôѲŵǬֻ֮Ҫ/ԡ
ҡɫȻ˵עĿ¸һͨ鱮ķߣҲû뵽С˵ѹûͬ, Ȼ˷/ɽ, û뵽ħǼôͱõˡ
ȻСٶȡ
쾳һֻռһ, Ҳ˵жͨ鱮ϼ¼ֻһûս飬˼ȥǴӵݲμ֮
һк̨Ҳ࣬Ȼȱʱ޷ʹ÷ٵ𣬵ڻػµͨûùαȶ飻ϵȶȻûˣҪÊݲμӿ»Ϊʸ֮ġ
ϾǴ˵ٵ̥Ů
诵ϵ֮ղĶĺȻʧٱ̸ֻܶһ仰Ҫ¶ľϢرǶԹȼҡ
֪ѻǾϢҡĹľǰ˵Ļ壬ҽ
ѵȼһֱľ䣿
Ȼûй˵ĵ
ȼҶľӳ̶ȵҡڲ֮Ϊ仰˲ʹĴۣҲ벻ȼΪľҪˣڸΪ˱óľĿ֮¶֡
Ȼ˺󻰣ڵ诵䵭һȻûн̸˿ѾвͬѰĵطˡ
˲һǰһǲУζ˵Ĺϵ˾޴ת䣬˿ҡĿⶼһˡ
ǰ˵ȴӿ߹ˣһ仰ڳ˵ֿѲ
ɫݵĴ/ԡ
ΧȻһƬ˭ҲûϵĻô˵ֹţǿ
Ϳ޷ǰֳٳٲһΪҲܱ΢Цѣҡýܿ΢΢
д˵鱩꣬ʥԾڰĥӣֱĥƽͲŰݡҪҡ˵ɽ׸ıƣֻα겻αһζס緢Ļɽֻûɽ緢ʱӿ
С˵ܵĽֲá
嫲ǰȷһ¡ڤӰ죬/ԸĮ˵ȫ̱һ㡣
˸ӣǵЦ΢΢΢Ʋٿڡ
ʱȻ֪ܳһˣվҡǰɫǺ˵ӣǴıңĽ㣡
һʼСԽԽ󼸺ǿġ
ɽסһƬ·ڵȴҡĻӦ
֪ˣлϵ̧֮ҡ΢΢ףȻޱ˵
е죬С˵ǬڵڰֻϷ
ιһĳë֪ʲôҪӱ⻹ֲ㵱һ˰סͿڰ嵽ǰȭͷƺˡ
ҡЩͷ۵ĿͿģƾܽǰʮʵͿĸӮ˼ҡ
ҡ⣬ҲģͿ֪ҡĸ̣ɽ˺˵Ŀ۱·˵Сүܽҡ⣬ֻëֻܽӣ
ߡûҡ˵ԭĬƳȻ˵
ҡһûӦ䡰ߡʲô˼ֱͨ鱮¡һʮֱڶʮϣʲô˼
Ǭǰʮʽʼˡ
׹ϣһγɵĹ㳡Ϸɡ
һʯͷĬĳ˵֡ûһԶһͻȻݣվ䲻֮²Ʋ㣬һƯվƶ֮ϡ
ҡ⿴վọ̃ɫջضɶʯ
û뵽ʯͷͦõģֲô˵ɶʯЦôֱ˵ķ



54 
Ǭǰʮ֮׽Ŀʢ֮һ, ǰΪŮ˫˶սǶͬһ, ƩһǶѺ, һ˾ͿܱΪְε
ʤȷλȫʤֱ֮ӽΪǰʮǿ, ȶǿʵҲǱƴ
н磬ʵǹؼԵҲǱزٵһ֡
ֽͨ鱮䣬һҡͳξһ, սǡǲǰ׵ıһֱ׷жͿ嫲ŵİ
ҡһ, һ, սħĳħŮͲڵĽ, ȻڵһСжս¿ߴ˺ܡ
Ůӳһ飬ս黨, һϵȤϧÿȶʮ鶼ͬʱеģȻ֪ͦôȶġ
һ, ξʤҡξЦ߹, ҫ۵ĺ··һ۹, аģǵսŮһɧ
ҡ⵭ĿһۣٵħĿ֮, һ֮
ߵǢͬ, һҵѵ֪ҡͳξ, ðвϵѿɲҪΪϧźã
Ȼ֪ոձļӣ޲þгͨ鱮һоΪʲô
һҲˣȻһ!
̨ҡ⻹ûжıͿҡӣˣһжԸ!
ҡסɫȻĳ΢΢ף̬ݵȡһ
ϵѣҪĶǳξ!ޣһӷļӲһúкӵģ
ȶ֣һӰų֮гҡϮҡһޣϢѾʮС
̹˵ֻԲҡһԪе۸ˣΪʱͣ󾳺ڣʮ־ְһպúƾеģ
ųξͱǱߣξŰĺͱһﰵԸʲôʱ򶼲ˣ˧ΪԭǬˣξʵǱȱҪǿһصġ
ֻǱľͻûãξƽͲȲʤȯ
䡱һɼµı֮ķҡüͷ΢ĿĶ
һα
ǴԸǸŮ˵ģȻ޷սپǾְɣԼԲսҡڣս֮¾Ȼ޷ռƣһ֮¸ɴֱӼơ
Ǽһó˵עҡ̨ϣ̨ɷֳһ߿֪α졣
˵һͷŮǼҵ׷ḻһ־ͶαڶͷǳսͬóһαȻ¾Ҫ鷳ˡ
ڹڡξ֪ҡߵĶҲʱͣŶóαɰͰ͵ĿڣĻû˵Ȼֹһ˫۾ɵÿҪˡ
ֻһӰԲ˼ٶ˲Ƶ࣬ûȫα֮ǰһֶֻӣһֻϡ
Ԫ
ֻ̨ϵ˾סˣ̨µĹսֱӱһ󾪺ڽ֮ǰҡΪԪϢδ͸¶ȥҶΪŮֻ֮黨һΪԪ
ĹȻ̫棬ٶȾˣص¿ߴ˾˵ӵĻ壬ƾͽħŮѹôֻ޵һ֦㣬ǿ档
ҡⱬԪΪʵڳоϲ
أ֮ľαԸҡڳ߲ͨѡ
ӣӣ֪˭Ⱥģһһֱûɽ·ֳ̨ӵļר
ɫ̫ÿΪŮѹĺֱӺ
㡭ɫ԰׵ҡ⣬û뵽ûüαͱҡߵģԽܵڼ츳õŮû뵽ȻᱻһÿƤҵĵһ̤Ԫ
ҡǿŷźӣתͷֻĿճյĿҡ⣬ƺξ߽ûз
ϵѣξҲѰˣûʱͻϮǡžһ˦ӣǰ¡
ŶңͶ䣡Ƭ̲ŻعһãȻֱӿ䡣
仰˵꣬ҡڵ̨һâ˶̨
ǵһȽȶ̨ӡԽԽȻ˵ıȶʣȴϵһ顣ҡαԪϢһ̣ǷƮƮŮ·˲佫ս֮˵עȫϡ
ҡ治ɫĽ׸Ⱥ΢𴽽ǣ¶һǳǳЦ̣һɧҡ
ӾͲģξվҡԱߣЦеʡ
ҡĿⶢǸ̨ƽ˵ٵѴù𣿡
Ҳǿźˮαϵ棬ǲŰΪ˸Ҳûȥ
Ƴ۲Զҡ룬Ȼ̨οǺãʲôʱ޹˼ɾͺˡϲ̣û뵽һƻԭļƻ
ξ˳Ŀ⿴˿Թ˵һӮһɾ͸жûУһӣ顣
ҡƫͷ۳ξû˵е˼ʮԣ˵Ц
һâһ̨ĸ˶̨
ͳ飬ʤȻˡ
Ԥһʵ嶯֮óαòǰ¶ΪһȶӦ顣
˿δˣ˵㵽ΪֹԴǵâãֻҪǵą̂˵˻ָȻȶˣĸսҪˡ
û뵽ҡ㾹ȻԪߵߣǸģҡ⿴˺üۣ¶͸ξͬԹ飬Ϊʲôô㵽ôģ
ξһЦ͵˰ɣٳҲ⸱ģ
ӣһ˵ҿɿһæûϣҡܵģġ
Ӯĳξҡҡȣһɵ˵֪ʲôвսʤôԭʵһ֡
ҡʶöĹʱڣҲ½ֳӳ飬ȻԪӤƾӳǿʵǿŮ⻷ټİзˮջȡʤ
ڶܿͿʼˡһΣҡӳһ飬սڵǸСС



55 
ŮʥŮ, ҡŮĵ䡶ŮܣΪ൱, ΪԵ, վһͬ˫ðעĿ
۵˶ϲսĲֱһ飬ǱҲ֪ǵ˭һЩ
ײĴ, ҡһ򶼲ں⸱ģײʲôӶѱȥģƺҲ⣬еӦӦеġ
ǸڵСֻʮ, ɫɮ, Ǹݰ׵С̫, ۵С׺һ˫ĺͫ
ҡ, æܿĿ⣬ľĵЩ˼ץץԴ, ġ
ҡ䴽ǣǵС˵ƺûгСУֱ, ֵͦߵġ
ٷ, ľĵ, ҡӳ˾ţСɮ, λʩ񡣡
˵ֱ, ľڵ, ·ڲ̨ھ׼Ρֻ˭Ҳû¶Ŀ⣬ΪһѾֻ̨֤ľ㣬ͰѹȻӮ¿ߴ˺ܡ
ơľ𣬿һԶҡӳͣƺȫʢ״̬
һϵľҡһ󼤵޷о
ᵽڶսȻ֮ʱŵıо깥ʵ˷ʤ
ܽǰʮϼ׼깥ķľȴͨ깥ֱ֮ĵ𣬱ķá
ҡ֮ǰܹصϴ쳣ǿ󣬶깥ĵͨԪҪǿӳ깥ƺӰʮִɫͷ󺹣ԵĽ·ǡơľԡ
ǶһΪҵĹмܲס̧һУۼһ׵ϸߣЩߡ̨ϣתۻΪһƬ糡ڡ
糡ҡ·Ӱ㣬ϡơľĶɬһεķгĺ󱳷ӳһ񿪡
ҡ⿴һۣдס档
ӳ·ûĶȴҡ⡣ҡתŮɢŮе̫֮׽糡ʱƭ
ԽľѹԽҡǿסǹѣεġơʩչǰվѵ츳ͨ
ССٵġơһ·ħĺȻʶ̧ͷ۾ҡһۣľ΢΢ͣһ˲
ͣ͵һ˲ҡһжľ㡣֪ľһ̣һġơصƺңԶϹţԼ·ʶпһɫķ񣬻û壬޴Ľɫҡȥ
ڴʱʧٵİӭϾơ
ͨ鱮γɵ㳡ϷȻһɫɽ쳹˵ע
ҡʶУֱӽɣӵӰҲʧٻعߵľѾص
ʱԡڽУ˫ֺʮԭƺҲĵñׯأһ˵⡣
λʩˣһȥмּ̨ϣֻһµĴ˫ֺʮҡ⼸Ѷˡƶɮ񣬱СʦڽܹඥжϼλʩˡƶɮԽСʦ䡣
ֹඥʽһϣ޷ȫչඥ֮ˣϸոճֵķҲѹºôˡ
ŵķԲźת֮һֱûбҵŷΪںڣڶƶѰҷӵתСִһݾ⣬ϵոյķ˵ӵת֮ҵˡ
ҡ⿴ĵ˭ںԣ̨ûڵˣûҪΪʤڡ
ֻ̨䣬ŮеĴ
*
ǾһԶʤ̫Сֻºа̸˲ɴĺˡâһ˱̨
Ǹºһӣ൱ڴΪϢ¶**ֱӹڽܹඥɿ뿪˲ɽ
ҡ΢вɽ¶ˮȻдڵΪСеݹȻ򵥡
뵽ոʩչ츳ͨĶĥһ˼Ļȱٵػ꣬úֱ˶ȥһǣ˵УϰȴԷˮһޱȻ·͸Ϸ޵ĵ·
һʹǷӵת֮ҲԵ֮ˣֲǸľ
뵽Ǹľ㣬ҡЩ£Ǹ²ǷӵĶȷĳǷΪĹϵɵǸһŵͨ
ĥµõͨʱһҫ۵Ļĳ̨ҡĿȥֻĻԪΪһֻȸαǿˮ顣
Ҳ³ɣڶŮԪˮˮĽҲ֪˭ʤ
ԷŮҡѡˮϾԭʼˮѾΪαȻҪһЩŮŮȻŮ
Ȼú󣬻Ԫƿغӻгֵһϡ
ҡ⽫Ŀջأһ̨ͳξһֱһ𣬶ǵĶǡǹȻĬϵģҡƹȻȡʤЩ
ȻĶڵĽޣȻųͬ޵Уͬס׻ͨͬףξʵʮǰһǸܱ֤ԼϺѾǰæˡ
ৡһąֳ̂ʤ
Ǹʼ¿ߴˣܵһǽųĹħ幫Ѫħĳλħͽܡ
ҡʵֶǶѸɾӮˡĻλȻֵ¿ߴˣޣ¿С˵дδֹ˵ʲôѼĻ֮ˡ
Լ¿ߴˣƺϢ֮١һγǰδ˼ģҲû֪֣Ψһ͸¶ֻ¿ߴˡ֮塣
һΪ۲Ļ֮壬û˸Ҷⱳĺʵ˼Ҫ֪Ǻų֮壬ϣʣȹȻûȻͱ˶ˡ
ƺĿ⣬Ǹ¿ߴ˳ҡ⿴ȥͼ·һˮ֪Ϊҡܾ˫۾е졣
񽻻һ˲ִߣʱҲֳʤŮʤͳ룬һӳͳξ
ֻҪһʤͿֱӽΪǰ
Ϊ볡ǬǱһֿաֿ֮䵽ϣֻҪĶӮҲʤ
ȻħӤڣǶҡ⻹ΪһѺ
ܿ죬û˼ˡֵ֣һ飬ӳ̡
ҡһֱ׷鵱˭Ѫɱɱ׷鵽ϢС˵͸¶ĲѶϢɶڼϣֱһǰյίнȷĿꡣ
Ȼ޵һֱϵ֮´ٳδɱ̶ԸΪ񣬵ҪЩԾ
岢δΨһֵǶɱԭϡν˽֣һֱ֪ͼıʲô鵽ʲôϢŻȲɱ
һ룬ͦҪġ
Ҫüֵ



56 
һ, ս֮˾ը˹ôӭһ۷֮ս
ӳѡǰ, ȻһֻǷ/Ҳڴ, ҡΪԪŮ˭ʵǿ˸ִһ鲻ݡ
ΪΨһܿȻ˵Ů֮, ҡֻƾòУ˶ʵ⣬һֱԪΪҶȡúα̫ϣ
Ȼǰҡⶼʤ, Ӯ̫Ϸ, ·ֻƾ˲Ӯ, ˶ʵʵá
ĳ˵, ԭһʵһżɣȻһżɱʵ, ڶе㲻ϰߡ˵Ҷӳ̵Ӯ
ս֮˵ĿҡҲеͷۡǿ, ˵ֻƾһ֣ܴӮӳ, һž̫ʵˡ
һʼȹ, ȻٶԸӳ
ţûй˽, ϾڵʵʤֻܴǹӮ, ͷ̫ЩԶҪʹĴ۵ġ
, ΢㲻ϲ
ҡֻ̾ʵ̫ˡȻ𴩵治ɫĴӾҵ鲻ô
Ṵÿɷ񣬼˺ܿͱ̨
һδˡڴЦûͿʼ׽һ˫ĵĺֱĿˮɫҷسȹ欵ʳĵġ
ҡ⵭Ƴһۣ︹̲ͺɺɧζֱѬ뷭ۡ
ü΢ƺӦʲôһ仰Ҳû˵ֱٳ׽ӳͬٳԨһԲֱӿ
һ޴ҡŸѿռķ̿̽ѷڴϣɽĿ۵һϵסޡ
ȻûӦҡ飬̨ϻǰ˵ģȺϻ̡ҡԼԸֹӳԮ̡
˿ǵͼֱӽЦһ߿ɫߴ͸ÿ𵴣Ϯҡ⡣
ҡ⽫ʮ޽ӿдɢֽ⡣лδȫ⣬һػɫϢĴӷг֣ɿƮ
ͺ츳ͨһմϴ**궼ֱ޷
ҡǲֱ֪΢УȻ֮ģջһ걻ƵľʹȻɫ䡣
һƺߴ̾ɲջزдľĺҡʤ׷ϵĹ
𣬶ͺе֮𡣵𲢷ÿͺܾɣȡһ츳ͨڴ֮ǰ̲δ͸¶ԼӦϰõġ
ϧ̴ҡⲻ֪о𣬶׼˺öȶһʼҡ⻹뽫սû뵽ôϣھͨ
ǰɣǾʳʲôζ죬ʤڷٵ
ҡʲôҲûֻһʼĲһԷŷٵֵķֱӽɡ
̲ҡҪЩ򣬵ٵˣûרŵ鵤޷Ȭ
ҡߵĶὣһסӳǰһ𹥻˵̡
ӳҲ̵ƣҡ⣬һ˿֮ɫȻתΪؾԮѡ
ʵ಻һ˿һı仯Ӱ쵽̲ˣֳʤкܳʱ䣬⣬ֱӳӳۡ
ûһ˺ϻ֮¾ʧȥսҡĬĶһۣʼӳ
ӳһţʹҡʩչؼͨһʱҲ·硣ҡ˼Ƭ̰иɫĪĿһۣһ˾䡰ˡ
ҡ˲˼һָڵعԸʬĦɷС⡱µĺӳһ˲ֱӽסһ̣ӱڲһɳȵֱ̫֮ӽ
һӰֱƱ
ѡһŲɿܵħӳʶĶҡ۾һϹ΢΢һ˲
Щ˹У˵һ£΢ʧ󶼿ܸıս֣ӳһʧֱץסʱˡ
ʱԭ޷̳ҡڷųһŹĻɫݡһֱҡڡ
ҡ⻹ûӳӡ̵Ļ䣬͵رһŹ룬һʱ侹Ȼ޷Լ塣
壬һԭʮþȵľȻıʣ˭Ҳû뵽ܱ䵽һѱ֣Ѿսܵ˵طҲˡ
ƷҪʱҡڵľ/ɢһƴӨӨɫǵ㣬ڵĻɫ
ΪľĶ΢΢Щͣͣɫ΢㿪ĹʱһĽȥλ˵ӳսһš
ҡʱ޷˼ȶֻרĶԿڵĻɫȨ˳̺޷жֻӳ˻ڶս
ľϢȻֻһ˲һЩ˷˶ߡѾȶ̨ĹȻҡķĿ֪Щʲô
ľȫ֮ʱҲ˵ӳٴλˡһûиӳػĻᣬͨ鱮жӳƹأֱӱͳ̨
̷ųŻջδؾơ
һͨᣬ̺ҡıôʶŮʵͲĹֶΡ
̺ųŻȻܲٿ˵ľٶʵڹëȻҡⲻ֪ʲôȻܿͰ˽ԼĴ޷ǲ
۽߸Ǿȵķ֣һʱ侹Ȼҡã˻ӳ˶أʩչͨӳ˴
ҡϾ˼˵Ŀ⣬˻ľȻЩܿƵҪ壬ƴѹסľʱʶеİȻ֡
һľһԭľɵĻľƮԵһʱľ/һʶ֪ԭոľ춯Żڸ
ǰһɶҲ֪ŻʲôȻð̲סˡ
*
̨սҡ⡢ͳξȫʤֱӽǰ
ǳȶֱ̨϶ɽٽΪԪӤڣһսѵĻ˳롣
ŮŮ⻷Ȼô״Ƶġһս˭Ҳ޷һֱȻҡסâͳһսͷǹҡһս
ϾΪһֱ̨϶ɽٽԪӤˣ֮ǰ¸δš
ʮ峡̨һ䣬еĲûнʮ峡̨αĹս֮Ըʽ׽ɢƲϢ࣬ͻȻֵķҡ츳ͨеĻյ׼
׽ƺΪɽĶʼӿ
սսУҡصڲɽס
סֱȥͷϢû뵽ȥ鷿
һöݵǰ
ɫĿڣľϢʮ**Ѿ֣ȥɡ
ҡӹɻʣǣ
ܾĶü΢ЦЦĿһۣ˾䣬ԼҪ
ҡĻ߬Ķ˭٣Һò״һأȻĿĲҲʤޡ
ִϣ޳ָãƺڵȴʲôκûͷҲ̧ĵˣȥɡ
ҡûжЩɵĿڣһһǻΣ
ΪͻȻҡ⣬ɫĲס
ӳһǡҡɴ࿪ϲ˵ֻϢųһɻɿڡ
ֻ츳ֵͨСкӳǶ⡣
ֱкܴ⡣
ʱṵ̋㣿һӾͲ³ʲôʱֶߵġ



57 
ҡĻЩȻ, ȷʵһ˲˿ӣΪӳ̫ƵС˵ˡ
ʩչ츳ͨԿ̽һ̵ļ, ʵ㹻öԷԶ, ĿǰΪֹ˻Ƭ̡
˽֪ӳԱӺѧ֪ڽӺѧ֮ǰľޱһ˴ӣĺȫ°, ѹʱһһϢ·ߣǡñ·ıӺѧƽ̾¡
˻صѾΪƽأʲôûʣ¡Ӻѧ˲֮̽·ִһȫΪѪˮص, Ƕɢٲ
һӱ, ڵʱӦһ, ϧ׽̫ӳļ̫΢, ϶Էû˿˿ʹӺѧҲ֮, Ϊһ׮
类ĸ˫ΨһҲ, ӳ˾䡣Ӻѧ޵, ȴ֪˳һ޷, Ǿƽ̳
ܵƽ̵ˣȻΪӳ, ӳʥǹؼƽ̰ӳȫ, Ϊһǧ, ʮǰѧֱӱ£ΪͬĴʦ֡
ǿҵãĿΪӳƴĶҡļλصǸС䣬ҲǶμֱ̫̣ӳļ˳ŵˢǹζһʱ޷
ȱʧ޷Ȼ첹ȫҲȲ챾Դҡ⣬ӹһ˿ǣӳǱӺѧƽ̴صģû뵽лһ¡
ӳȻԷʧһǵϢȴǵһ˵ŵ۵ϢôʵĴ㽫һˡ
ҲһһǡѵôһεķϣҡԥƬ̣͸һϢ
ɫĴı飬ϿЩʲôϧѹ۽ޣҡʲôû
̧֮ͷɫ΢ĸ㲻Ҫţ˵˶٣ּ˾䣬Ҳٹܡ
￴ܲ׳ʲôϢû뵽͸¶ͻûõĻҡƲƲƳһۣתߡ
ȵȣһöҡ⣬Ȼǰǰһˡ
ҡӹҴɨۣŹȻ˵Ϣм˵ͨص㣬ʩǰһЩСϰ߶ᵽˣϸ̶һ
ֻ겻ҲһĸϢɣ
ľŤͷȻһЦʣл񣿡
û˵ʲôл񣬵ȴƺָʲôһЦһ˿΢ƵЦ⣺ǰɡ
˵ЩŹֵĿĿЦ̾һ䣺֪ΪΣȥһˣƺ˼֡
⧲һ䣬ҡûзӦʶʣ˵ʲô
ȴЦˣҡʵɫдǰƤ̶̼࣬ȴ̥ǵı仯·˸Ƶġ
ҡһرòҲһ£Ӷûһأѵ仯ܴ
ȥ֮ȥվӡ
ž˰㣬ҡѵƿĿ⣬˺غֵǸѪͼڵԽԽ񣬹ֲڲɽҵĿӳȡ
̫û֣ԽԽۡ˵ǰƤ࣬ǹɴӹ͸¶ķ绪ʹղҲƺѷɫҫۡ
ҡ̾˿û㹻Աʵ֮ǰҪõĹϵ
̬ȣƺĿǰ״̬
*
һҹȥ
ҡմţ洫һӵµƺʲô¡
ȥһֻϡɽ¡֡
ɽôˣҡʶɽķԶ
ףɽأ
߳վԺüͷֱӷų̽ԭƶ˵Ĳɽֱӱضϣ¶һͺͺĽ棬ɽͨ鱮ɣضϵϰ벿ɽ嵹ڵϣ¶ĺڶ
ȵȣͨ鱮ˣôȥ쾳һ죬Ҳˣ
һյĽŲҡ̧ȥֻôԶľܸܵĵѹڤǷ/ıϢֱӽԺӵҶƮ䡣
ҰĶȥˣҪҰһϤҡ⾪ֻһССӰСܸ
ոǸյĽŲġ
ųҡ⣬ǶȻǣһĨЦȻͣ½Ų̫һʱûɲסš顱һײϡ
ûﲻҪˣָҡ˵Σ
̫꿴˿ҡ⣬۾Ƭ͵رϣԴҡø˹İ㣬ܾвУҰģ
ҡһʱȻ֪˵ʲôá
ȣʲôҲûʲôҲûһõĻһ˿Ϸζ
ЦĴſڽˣһۿҡ㶣Щȵ૵ҡ㣬²ҾȻҪϲˣѲɵԪܱøƯ
龳ڣΪࡣҡⲻɫת˻⣬Ȼһ۾Ϳı仯
ĻûпķԹĿһۣĽ˵ҡ˵⻰Сһ龳ѾһԪ
̫ûתתСܵҡǰͷգ۾۰Ͱ͵˵Ư㣬ܰ𣿡
ѽ̫꣬һƯߣཱུ̫İյ˵
ڳˣ
һԭ̫ķſ֣һ̶ҡ󣬸ɰͰ͵˵Ҳǿ̫ôСû̫ˡ
ɫ΢䣬üҡ⣬Ķ̫˵˵ȥ㣬Ҳ㣬ʱһȻˡ
˵ײŲң̫ﺬһᣬֱӰסҡȳɤӴޣأ϶㲻ףǻˣҪҩ
ɫ΢СĿʣ磬̫˵ҩС֪Ǹҩ𣿡
̫ģܿͻ׵ġҡεı̫꣬ο
ģá㣬ô֪̫޵պ˵ģ¶һӣҡֹС
ӣ쾳ޡһسԺ
ҡʱĻǣסΪͨ鱮ʧ٣쾳޷û뵽쾳Ȼôͳˡ



58 
Ƶɽ屻ֱж, ԶԶܸܵһĽӽضϵɽǹɽЯʿϵ彣巢
ɽͨ޵Ĵǰ, վһȺ, ϸǴˡ
ǽĽ⣿ڶǰ棬ԶնϵĲɽЩµջ, ոų㱻ǹɽˡ
ν𣬾ΪڵĽޡ
ҡǣŲסŵ̫꣬ĪЩɽС˵ûֹΣԭ쾳Ӧǳ޲Ŷ, ׷ʲô, ñӦó޵쾳, ˭ֱӴͨ鱮
ͨ鱮޽ӽķ, ֮ǰѾ飬Ϣͨ鱮ߵ, 
۱гصĲɽü΢ɫӴż, ڣնϲɽ, ҪϢȡͨ鱮, ֻ²򵥡
Լǣ赭дͨ鱮, ѰĴǰһŮӱ, ת, ֻԹȻӳΪ׵ŵһȺҲƺƵڶ
ոմǹȻֻҡעߵǸŮϡŮϿκΪȴһּΣյĸоϢڼϼĹֵǸǰֱŵ۵Ľơ
ߡ
ǸŮע⵽ҡߣĿ⵭ƳһۡĿ絶ҡ걻ѹƵҡܵʵ
ԭƶûж⣬Ȼƾ֮㹻ѹǡ
û뵽ԶҲˡ֪⻹뵲סҡǰ̬ĶǸŮ˵
ŮޱĿһ˵˲űʤи
ҡĬĬ۲죬үүĹȼˣǺ͹Ȼ游ͬȻ߲ô
ԾԶǰƽٶ˿ƥʣһܷ֮նϲɽȡͨ鱮΢΢ף΢򲻱
Զ߿۲ɽķü΢š³֣ڡ
Ļ󣬵˵ȴΧΪ֮һ
֮ǰҶڲ²⵽ʲô˲һնϲɽȡͨ鱮дֱӸ׼ȷ𰸣ͨ鱮ڡ
ħһ֮ǰֻڴ˵еĴѱ񻰡Ҳ֪λһ־ͽɽˣͨ鱮ߡؼһϢɽô˭Ҳûǻڴ˵еĴܡ
˵ΪڴҲӹڵķۣϾɽ˺üλڵĸ֡
ĻɫƺԾҡﰧ̾˿ͲµˣʾԶֻΪлῪԶߣڽޣƽصٶϡ
˵ĺ֪Щܷ˴һԶĶԸܵĻᶼҵ
Ŀ֮£ȼΪһԴС°ɣ
ţȻĿƵϣҡ⿴Ƭ̣ɫĪ˵ϧͨ鱮ʧ񲻵ֹûлֽһˡ
ҡ뵽õľӦλǰģɵĵͷлġ
ǾԶھѹȻޡ
*
쾳޵ϢʱƱԽԽ֪ͨ޵ĴǰŶӵĶҲԽԽ
ҡ磬ֵܿˡ
ֿ޵ĴʹÿʮˡŵһнӽʮˣҡһҪߣԶֱӸŽ˴󣬹ȻŲͬУʣµ˸ӳߡ
ҡ΢ĿŹȻǴҪˡ
ֻõֶβܰѹȼˡ
󼤷˲ǰһڣʲôҲޱ޼ʵĺڰУڵĿռŤз·ʱ˺**ҡЩѾ֮˻ãЩԪµһ˲Ͱˡ
ָоֻƬ̣֮ڰгһ⣬Ͼ͵ˡ
ҡⱧ̫꿿ƣƾоץסԱߵƺĶ۽΢üû˵ʲô
һ΢Ĳ󼴽ĿĵءʱڰһҵĶƺʲô
ռ
֪˭һ䣬ڵ˶ʱڴ;ռԪ¼Ǿڴ˶Ԫ֮¶ȿֺԴӡ
ʲôͣ£Զһʱס˻ҵĳ档
˵껰һӾҵĶ·Ҫֱӽռ飬ԶĹԽԽ˺ڣڵˣ
¹ϴڲŵ۵ˣԶȻǴҲ޷һʱ䲻Դӿȥ
ҡƱ򱾾ýĹԴŴæӳ뿪˴
ոյĶŵ磿һϤҡ𣬾ҡֱ˦֣Ťͷűǣߵ
ô㣿ҡԾĿֲովе㲻ԾȻץˡ
ˣƻ档
Ļеøһ˲зڣ˸ţ߰ɡ
˵ɷ˵˼˲зֱӵ쾳ڡûͨ鱮أֻҪ䲻һٵ˶ܽ룬쾳ڴΪ˽ȥ
ҡڵò˵ע⣬ܿϳǵݡ
Ӻ͹
˵ĺӣû뵽ӾȻӵģ
˸̽Ŀ⣬ҡ治ɫĽ쾳ڡ
̤쾳ڣŨԪʱһӿȥ
ҹ黨ҡ⻹û쾳޴ڵԪлһ䴫ȻԺС
ЩֵתͷֻһȻӲüĽƺʲôУ仰ˡৡһʧ
ҡɫ΢䣬ͷǷ/ıٻأΣշ/뿪ҹ黨ʧصֲ쾳
쾳Ϊ˹黨ı𵽵ȥʲôطȻ/òٻء
ҡ鸴ӵĴ̫쾳ߣδ¶ôı飬뵽ĳֲõĸоƺĳ˵ĺȻ뿪
ܾãʲôõ·
һ·ԹԸ̫ʱȻͣ½ŲЩֵĿ˿档
̫꣬ôˣҡͣԾ



59 
һü۵ĵСͷվԶ, űֻѰ˵һߣһõɫ, ҵĳüҪסϸ۾

ҡЩͣ¿, Ϊʲôû뵽ֻһֻνᾳĻ
ΧȻֹֻвĿĺȻʧ, ֻǲĿ׷ֻ˵Ŀⲻһ
Ǿ޳ԣкֹɫҿ
ҡͣ¿, Щ, ƺЩ, ֪òǰ
ҡĿ䵭Ƴһ, ̫ǰߣʱΧԽԽ, ֻܿʣ̫ꡣ
ɡ
Ȼͣ½Ųſһ˵Ϫڡ
һOO@@𣬽žҡⲻԶĵȻðһԴ, ֮ǰֻӵص˳
С϶ï, ݼӡЩŵĳװ, ͷ϶һƬҶмֻǱ
ҡ΢΢šüɡ
ԳƻïĻӵȥ, СĿҡһ, ηηԴ, ٿ
һл˵ֲ֪òÿڡĵθģҡЩͷ΢ʲôҪ˵ģ˵ɡ
ӣʶһλʯӣïĿ⣬Щɵʡ
ʯҡĿ΢ⲻԭŵĸ
˭Ϊʲôʶ֪ԭĸСȥޣֱԭŻصյ޾ʶԭĸδҲ̫һЩ
С϶ԭǾ޾ŻĻ壬ʮǰʯȹСһһֱӵĴ
ҡⲻΪĿޱ˵ȻˣΪθң
ʵ˳ʮСĲðӣǷйïĿе˵
ҡü΢̧Ȼһɵ⣺ʶô
Ҳˣ֪ӣֻҪĴһ£ܲĸ֡
ïںµ춯˶ЩȷĿڣһ·С˳ƺΪӣСľͲ֪ˡ
ʯĸףǰѾˡҡɫĪĿ˿˵ùȥɣҲ˽֪ĵز
˾ȻѾˣïһ˵°͵ĺΪ𾪾ҵĶ˶
ҡⴹ۽ޣЩ䣺ʶԺ˵˵ôУ֪ҵ˭𣿡
ï˵ĻǼ٣ôһйص˳֣һĨ׷ԭ׵Ҫá
ïԴקź밦̾ĺһ״Ŀʼԭĸʱ顣
ڻïУҡ֪һЩԭĸ顣
ʮǰïʯʱѾԪһʮԪȻȲϵʱţΪɢ˵Ѿ츳ˡ
Ե͵ûʶïнҲԵɺ¾ȹһԵʡڻïУĸòסʴԼĵŮӡ
ǻïʶҡĻ˵ֻԶԶһӰߴΰɲ⣬˾ֹǣӾҡ
Щԥļ˾䣺ӣСһμˣһ˵ҪȥһԨ˵Щ֮̾СľҲû˵˵Ϣˡ
Ԩҡɫ΢ȥԨʲô
Ԩ޵һأһϹĩ˵ֻ֮ѹӡһһΪˣѹҪɱǵüڸֲɣΪ˴ڵ˸ϧûԸʯ١
Ƕ˵Ů׷˶˵Ϊ֪ضʮοԼΪ˹ϵïûһʼĵӽţлĸź˵
ҡĵ̾ɡ
ïģ̾ҲҪ̫ˣ˵Ҳ㡣
ԨôҡⲻԾ૵˵ҡҡͷԳһ䣬ôˣ˵ҵĴڶ֪
ïϸ۾˶һ˵ԨǽأӻǲҪ̤ΪáЩˣ´лȥŻ룬С϶һ֮ꡣ
ҡ۽΢ĿⶨĿ˵á
*
ĿͻïԶҡɫĪķųһۼһ·üģĬĬջ
֪Ԩú䣬˵ĻΪŮȻ֪ĸǰȥĵطһʮֺɣﻰⰵʾʯȥԨ飬ᵽ˵Ԩҵ
ڻþһΣԶҪһ֮ʡ֪ľ鶼ܲȫһ飬οһʶİˣԴһʼûдȫŻïĻ
Ѿ˼յȥԨͻƷӡ赶ɱˣ
δޣҲǵõ壬Ϊ˭£ֻĸֻǵΪ˱
ҲԣһླСôܻ֪Ԩûֱôص£ֻǰһˡ
˼ŸյޣȲҪ϶ĹȼңʭӶ˲ǾͿʱ˭һŰɡ
̫꣬߰ɡҡһΪһһľףƩ֮ǰǹɻ֮ȥĲУ˶Է·Ҳ±ˡ
ܵСϪ̫ˮһӲӵ㣬һ˵㿴̫ץˣ
ʲôҡ⾪ȵ˵
̫һӣϰЦұסʱϳǰ㲻ǰ̫ˡ
ҡǳ˳飬˵̫һ·ôôԣԭϳ̳ʹ̫֮Ҳ׾ٵϳܸһ㡣
뵽ڣҡһսСĴںͷ౷ų쾳ôŨԪǳϧˣǲ֪ܲܳ
ܳˣҪڴүˣ
ĵ¹ȻˣֻдڳȻСǹ䳬һ걻쾳ų⣬ҡֻСڡ
۾һɨ̫ܵϲ̵˵ǿ֥
۾˵ŲԾҰҰ죬Ͳˮˡ
̫꾯ıסҡȣĸ״ֻţ̫꣡
ʲôţүϬͨϬ֪֪ڶݺݵĵ̫꣬Ŀתҡ⣬˲˸ոյ£¶һμʱɫڵĳԱ顣
໣Ů㣡һ˵ҡ⻳ҡ޽ǣӵϡ
˼Լޣôô˼ңڵɵĴ۾䵽ҡһϣԹ˵
ҡסһ߷ɵĳ嶯ֻϬݺҪҪҪԼʶԻϡͿͺԼˡ
ԼҲС硣
ֻĶţҪ̫ʮʶƿ˴ڣסҡȲš
Ųűү㣡צв
ҡͷ۵Ŀһ˵ˣ߰ɡ
쾳ıĥĥͱùˡ
һҪƶ˵ԭʼȥ
뿪ãԭϪϷȻĵƣƾճˡ
˳һģһǷ㣬͸һʣ·˲ԾԲ
һ˻ΧһȦԹһ䣺崳Ļʰ̯ӵȴǸ
һ߰һۣ˵ʰ̯ӳ׸ң
ʲôãҪͨ鱮ȿڵ˰̾һ䡣



60 
쾳Ǳǿ, ҡŴתһȦ׺ĴڼֱѰ״Ĵ, ߼ҵһ, ߼ַһݣӻûת꣬Ѿõ
չѾѰֲһ㾫ˡ
вʱѰ֮߶, ҡ̫ʹڻǷǳ۵ģԭЩǴ͵ӵͷʱʱעһ£ſžЩԾ
Щѵһֲǳ˾ײżȻòҵһƷ, һգ۾ҵüƷƷ
ôѰѵܲѰˣ
ЩֲײҡʾҲ޹, ˴ڵ, ľҲ˺ܴá
Դӷ/ΪԪ֮, ͷַ/˲ľ֮ԽǵȼߵֲԽܸ֪ľ/Ϣ, ƽʱϢãһųϢЩֱֲ޲ðεض¡
ȻҲв, żЩɾĲľ, Ѿʶ, Ըڲټ, ʱֵڳˡ
ĽĽ, ȴСڴͥ¸, Ƕܴܲù˵ñ˶־ѾȺˡ
ؼǣ쾳ǱҡȻۺ죬ɥʧǵĵزǶһʱ˵ҵƵıȻҵ̥֮ĶͲһˣʲôʲôΪ
ֻǻԵ˲Ϣ䲻׽ͷѰ֮ʱ쾳ϷȻƾճһ־ûӦѾʧ쾳ڣµֻ쾳ҵı
ֲ챦Ӱշ׷䣬֡ҵͨͨһļƣЩǵڵأǸɾƵĺܿʧ
ҡû˦ǲˣĿȥֻ쾳λһͨ鱮档
Ծչϸ鿴־Ȼͨ鱮Ϣ
⵽ô£Ϊʲôͨ鱮쾳ڣѵλͨ鱮Ĵоⶫûʲôְ˻
ûԾ꣬ǹ־һϢҡ׹Ϊʲôô˻ᱻͳȥֻ֮ǰͨ鱮˲ܴ쾳ڣͨ鱮ϵ˻ֱӱ롱ȥ
֮⣬쾳ı˹򣬲ֱӱȶʽǰʮǰӵб̾ڵҲ˵˭ӵеı̾ڵԽԽߣԽߵõĽԽá
̾쾳ڶеޣһر֮һʧȥڵ·һ̾޻³ǹ־Ҫǻı̾ڵʧִֻ̾޼ϻᱻͳȥ
⣬ڵغ쾳ڴʱ䣬ڵԽ쾳ڴʱԽڣֱʱ
Ϊ֮ǰȫʤ˻ö⽱ʮű̾ڵ
֮ǰϪֵ˲ͨ鱮ϢֱˣһƳĳ򣬺Ȼס
ײײһˣƯĽü΢΢£ž˵㿴Ǳߣ
ΪһĿȥһ˵ʲôף
û뵽澹бÿˣλȥԺúЦһˣ
ε˵ Ͳһˣ
ϸĿˣָһ˻ǡ
˶һۣѵҺЩʧ˵ú壬ǸŮ˵ġ
˫ĿӹһϹ⣬ЩԾ˵ȻѪͼڣûѪͼ޷Լѣֻд˾ܿͼڡ
ˣ˵ǰʱջؿһΣ˵ȥżѪͼڡʱѾջ˾ȣ˫ֻأһֻĦ°ͣζĹ⡣
ͱͱ棬Ψ²ҵϷЦ⣺˵ϻȥ˵ȸ
üƬ̣˵ȸ˵ɡ
*
֪˶ϵҡ鸴ӵƾճֵʮڵ˵ȻǺ£Ҳζ쾳˶֪ϢΪһİӡ
ߣȥұ̾ޣȻ֪̫Ϊʲôûͳȥѵͨ鱮˵ιпųɾ֥ûȥ
һ̤Ѱұ̾޵·ʱƣ𽥶쾳̾ڵҲȻ׶Ρ
֪׷ű̾ߵһɽȵҡԼʩ˸˳ָ̫ʩһ̫Ȼ޵һˣ׷̾޵Ĺг١
ڴڣȥұˣƾ츳ռڵϧˡ
Ҫȡ̾޵ڵѣѾβǰ»áȻ̾ޱڵϾº͵ޣοڵҪĶ
һڵ̾ޱض񻯱ߣʱ˱̾ᣬһСĴ̾ޣֱֻͳ쾳
ԴˣҡֻԱ̾˵ֻĥ˵С
һơľҡע⣬ӿŲԴߣֻһɫɮµСľĳֹľ㣬ԭ͵ı̾ͷת˼˺һա顱һڵϡ
ٷ𡣡С˫ֺʮ̾΢΢ףһӱ̾ȡڵ£ǿŹԴ쳣
ҡﲻԾ˵ݣȻô棬ô׵ķȻһʱû
ڵŤͷҡ⣬ͫһ˿ߣץץԴЩæҵѯʩ񣡡
û뵽СʦȻܸҡɫ˵ô򵥾ȡڵֻ
Ժ׵лʩ
û˵лʲô˶֮ǰûҡľһ£޷ܹඥٲôʹµĶ
ҡҲûջҲ˷ŵһֻͨ˵ԼԵɡ
뵽Ȼ˸ͷĲ˵ŵ۵ǿ϶һģһ䵥δЩΣգòһǿǷˣЩ˵ȥ
ϾܰľõôõСвˣͨϾǷͨԷŲ˽⣬ЩطǺס
һ𡣡ҡ治ɫһۣ˵
ЩȣһŷӦ͵͵ҡ⣬Щɵĵͷá
ҡû·ϲɫ׻С˽⡰ʩɣ⣬Ŀһ̾˾䣬ʩȻõͨ
һԵȻСʦ˵أҡⲢûб𴩵ΣеĴ
ʩ˵ǣƣɫ˵ڤڤһнжʩܵõͨҷԵ
ҡ︹̣ͷԵֻǰѽɫ˶ѣȻǸ̬ĵģ
˵֮Ǻʵϵĺ͸¶һЩʩչͨļɣҡⰴ˵ڵһνʩģ
ҡ˺һľ㣬һñ̾ͷת֮ʣֱʩչΪһɫƣ̾Ρ
ǿһ·ɨûһֻ̾޸ҳǰ



61 
һڰεĺڶ, һࡢɫΪĵһƮƮİ¡
ĿĻǺϷŮ, ڰն, ʩչͨطһһۻңˮʱʱһ޴ˮ
ҡվڰעź϶, ȻһðһùȻֵİ취ɫĴԵСУ͵صɴۿһ˵ⷬı顣
ʣµı̾Ϊ, ƾҶαȵùһȺ, 򵥵ķ ҡһĽ͵, Сͷ, صĵͷ
ж֮꣬ȶԸȻĶ, ˿峺޹۾ҡһۣŸм֮ɫ
ôС, ҡһ, ôǻԿġЩͷܿͱһ, ַԸ̫꼸䣬Сеĳ, ̫ͺϰ˷͵ͷ
˺ܿ뿪, ֻʣҡһԭء
е˴ûûзֳʤļ, Χ־˲ˣЩ˴ǽӶǶһˣ˵ҡֵʱ˲˵ע⡣
ڶĹȻע⵽ʮкĬİַɻغϡڳԪƴһ˵ľҡˡ
˿ҡ߽û˵
ҲǰŮˡҡɫȻĻ³һ仰˲佫ֳľһߵȥ
Ŀ΢򴽣ŮġʹŮһˡ
ҡ⽫ĿתȻζ˵֮ǰһֱԵȵֽһ֪诿л᣿
д⡣
ȻǳЦ˵ǶһȻߣҡսǾܾѧĴʦͲصˡҲ̽ҡʵƾܻľͲͶĸˡ
ȻǶ˵öעҲ֪ôģҡһ
ҡⴽ΢ȿڵ˵Ĳʮű̾ڵΪעΣ
Ȼдһ˿â촽ǣһĨǳЦټһ߿Ҫϵһ
͵䣬ҡа룬һ˿ɣƺԹȻӵЩԥ
ǻ񡣡ȻȡһŰƴʯͷһֱע˶˶ʱһ׽ĳʶ֮һʲôһϡ硱ֱضǿԵƷ鱦ֵ޷ü۸ΪǵʯĶ
ҡ⿴óĶ۾һδγɵСȱ˵λȹĳ̫ˣѩ̿ѽ
ʹûõֻҪڹȻܻлġ
áԥɴĴתͷ˵Ҫ鷳ˡ
ȻޱĴȻ֪ҡΪʲôҪͽԹȻȥֵһԹս
ڶ귨֮ѡ񣬾Ҫ˫ȶĽˡ
ҡȡޣȶ֡
ʱľ/ΪתȻҲŮ̫֮һ֣Ա߹սɫһ࣬ƺһЩ֮е顣
ڹȻУҡɢľϢֱڵĽľģֿ֮ԵȻҲּ
ҡ⵽Ȼı仯аѾҧˣȹҪƴȫźŶ
˽ǲصĴ򷨣漤ˮ֮ǰ涷Ҫ󣬸ͨӳʰ쵵ɫ֮С쾳ܸӦ
˴Ӻһ·ϵɽûһɽ𶥲֪˭ನɽʯɽϹ
ɽһӰ
ҡ΢ĽսСԼõĵص㡣˫ֽӡ޷ԶһϢһ׼С
ȻȻиĿ΢ʮָĳصƵᶶһĨӰͷϣǵӰȻֻһӰȴĪصĳ嶯
Ӱתҡķһָ
һǿҵҡԭӡǸ۷û뵽ȻȻʩչС
⡣
ûӲӰֵ̧ʱٲԥԶԶģһָҡԭķΧĿռƬƬ̮Сεֻ̾˲仯ΪѪֻʣӲֻڻѪǵѪ̲
û˴һָ֮ѹȻȻԤ׵ʧֻʣװ̾ڵɽ䡰۵һڵء
ʦ㣡ѧЩ˾ʧĴ
ҡһнöɽõûһ㿴۵ϵı̾ޣ΢΢üȵ֮ǰǷʧɱһֻ̾ޡ
ѧ˿ŵϵı̾޽ǲŷӦʦǱ쾳ͳȥˡ
ԣʦ֮ǰδɱ̾ޣֻѣʦôᱻȥأѧͬŷ
Աߵ˼Ŀҡ⣬շɵոյɽһӽɽŵɽʯƿºȻһֻı̾ʬ塣
ǹȵʱ˲ãСɱֻ̾ޡƳҡ⣬Сġ΢΢
ǿϧˡҡɫ糣ҡҡͷҪȻأû뵽쾳Ķô졣
ѧҲǶɵӣȻ⵽⡰ɺϡжɣĿѵĵҡ⣬˳嶯ֱ֮ͬ¡
ʱ䵱ͷȴѶʦӳȻ󰲸סͬţҴʦһʣµ˶Ķ֣һԻŮ˻ǳ༤˵Щ˶Ҫȫû
ֻбʵסȴʦָʦ㱨
ҡ⼴ʹҲ֪ѧ˴Сžţûǣ̩Ȼתͷ棬 ٲ֣ӳʣµڵò
Ͳѧ֣ӦһԸ㡣ɫĴ
ҡȻչһЦΪԸ䣬˼ѿЦ֮òʢЦ̣ͬ￴㣬ġħ·ÿһ̶Ҫһ̸һ֡
ִɢУȻΪŮӵ涼һ˲
Ӧòµаֵġ
ҡ˵꣬Соʹ̫˵С
ɫ΢䣬Ź߳ı䣬ζ˼ֽ䱸ߵĻҾͺˡ
ҡ۽΢Զ۶ϢкСк̫뿪ֳ
Ȼǰ֣Ӧλǰᵽĵһ£ڶҪȥȼҴԺ˵ɡ
ڹȻ᲻Ϊɱ̾޳ѪͲĿǷΧˣڹȼҴľʱ͹ȼעֻǵˡ
*
ޣŻ
СӣȰ㲻Ҫ׷ˡһסĹʯϣڵȴ˿Ǳˡ
ǰȥ𣿡ϵ˵˵ľŻУȴ·ң˴һŵƺһա
Ŀ۾ϣ֮һϹ˵⻰ǿ
ɽȡͭƬ
һǼͭƬɫ΢䣬վٵ˵ҵģ
ǰֻλϢҿԽͭƬϢǰЦһ˵
˵۾˼ۣȻü
ģףԡ
ɫȻЩŹ֣ƺЩմ鷳ƺżСӣ㣬㻹ȥŻĶ麣һɡ



62 
뿪Ż, ֱȥĸ˳ǡ
󣬼ԥڿڣ, ҪȥŻĶ麣
ɫ, ʧȥյ⣬ƺҲ˲ǳ
ȿȣڴ, ֹסޱĿڵһʱ
ķɫͽһ˰𪣬˸˼ֲ̬Ĳ԰ףӢüԵЩԭ̵β·Ҳƽ˳, ΢ıʧѪɫʱϢȫ, ⸱ģǸӡ
޵Ƨ, ѷ, ԴԶޣ˷ҲԶԶޡһڸ˳, Ϊɫò˵עĿżʿУϳĲ⾪ǹ
쾳, ݴֻȥ˷/, էһ˵ϢǲŵġϾ쾳ſһ, ׵ʱΪžȻֻȥ/ʵ˷ѽ⡣
ҲڰԴ޵Ŀ, 쾳, ϶и档
û˵Ŀ, ֮ǰ޸ŵլӣ˳ǺܿͰ
ȥո˱ˮùԡȻϯ˵˵
Щ֣ʲôҲûʣְ¡
һ·Į޲˵Եɤд΢΢⣬ԵЩ
ԲںȻһˣؿϣӰʵ
ۺˣ˵ʱúǱʵ
ǰˣҡڵعǸ̫Ԩħоξһģһˡ
ƴֻǺٺһЦں˵ĴҲΡ
ûĻͷԼ˱裬ͳξʲôϵ˵ħʲôϵ
ü¶һصЦЩԺ֪ˣֻ׵ġ
ףӦñħ׷ɱ·Ӱɡ̧ۿһۣǣһ޵Ц
ɫ΢䣬ƺû뵽Ȼ֪ô࣬ϻָɫЦһԱһʽ׵ġ
û˵ʾ˵ȥ
磬ؿǶħдһ˿ɫǹһĨŹֵЦ
٤Ҷ죿۽΢ɵȻ
ûд𻰣һɵ⣺֪ħ˭𣿡
΢΢üħȻλħͳ˴˶ħԣеϴֻһλħ޲T
׽һشʱλ߳ƵħɵԴħķѣΪ
Ҳûش𣬱Ͼ̫ԣôֻΪĻһһٵ˵ħǧһֱи˵λһջع顣
˵ģҾڲõδ
ʵյһЩϢն˵Щ񶯡
¼Ѿ֮Уλع飬д۸ӵĹϵǣˡ
٤ҶһǴһأЦЦĿħǱ˼ʮ꣬Ҫȡǲܵ¡
û˵ħʲôѾ˴𰸣ܹħعйء΢ӣֲþŻλմʲô鷳㣬ԭˡ
ô࣬ĳ㹻˰ɡ
 ֪ħʳӳǵĻΪλԼ΢ЦĿźˡ
΢һ¶ȵɫϸۣЩ죺Сӣ鵽ˡ
*
쾳
Դҡ辶ñ̾޽Ȼ̭֣Ҳѧķ̾ڵһʼò˵ˡҶѧˣԸ˵ı̾ڵҲԸͱ̾޶֣±ֱӳ֡
ҡ쾳ʵһһ·¿˵ңռ˲ڵ쾳˵СС˵Ҳ󣬺ܿǾһǿ֡
ּˡҡ⣬۴Īɫ
˵ġּ桱ָ֮ǰ̨ϣǵعǴΡԴڵع쳣ҡ֮ⷢһֵĸӦҲ˵ʲôӣƾǹصĸӦϳ
ҡ⿴߼Ĭдһ˿СǹͦģֻСǹ˶Ůر˭ײС
˵ֱʾСп
СҵĿʼľ㣬ôҡֻУʵϻһʵľ뵽ڶܹá
ǻԪȽ鷳һЩ
뵽㣬ҡ΢ֱʩչһֻӲӵľ޴к
Ƚ**Ϊɢ޳ʹæڻһֱԵʵ֮һֱĶ̰壬ֱڵõһԵʹ**ǿ
ߵǸ·һȥǧ򵥴ֱպʺ϶Ըҡ⿴ųľ/
ԶŹƽ
ȻҡѡԵİˡ



63 
ɫ΢, ֱӶ㿪ƣȴ֪Ϊַ, ɬָӡ, аӡȥ
һŹֵӡźضǿϢҡľײȥɫɫӡ, ŷǿನֱӽ߸ߴľΪм
ҡﰵ⣬ȴȻıӡӲʾ
֮ڿռչҲ˵ֻҪվƬռھͷɲġֻŶ㿪Ĺ, Ľѹִ֮»ػɡ
ϧŮʶ, һ۾Ϳĵϸ
˵żʶʲôˡ
䡱, ֲµľӡһֵ, Ȼһҫ۵Ĺâӡ, 顭УҡץϵСзս
Źâɢʵʵ鲨ȦȦˮܵȥ, ԶĵͰɽֱӱ顣ҡüͷ, ɨʯ, ȻͷѾȥı̾ޡ
лˡ
ɨȥ, ΧǼһ˶û, жֽŵԶˡ
ܽϢ, ڳĸԪ˿϶ΪĶȥܾܿǰʮеˡ
ȻҲͷ̾ޣҲϵҡĶʱ˵ı̾ڵҪģ֤Լ쾳Ҫġ
Ŷ̡˿ӣʹ˰֡
ҡһۣӶԷж⣬ղٻͬ飬һһ෴ķֿ
*
ʱƣ쾳ԽԽ٣һʼԱ̾޲ͬ˼ʣµı̾ޣ˵ı̾ڵС·ನֻʣһı̾ϣﵽֱֻӱͳȥ
ñ̾޿˵ʼٸߣʱһɽ
ҡڵȴںϣ񻹲һֻ̾޾ҪֱӴͳȥˣΪ׸ɴȴ쾳õڵŸǰӦû⡣
Сдһֻ̾ޣƾľı£١⡱ֻ̾޿ԲҪ˾ͷֵˡ
һ΢Ĳԭͷ鿴һջҡ̧ͷ ֻһģһϢվǰһֵĿ
˸ҡһֺĸо޹飬һԲλĸо˵ǳж˾ޣεʹɢŲ˵Ĺ⻪ͺ񣬾ͺ񡭡
ͺͼڸĸо
ͼڣҡͫ΢ţû˵
ҡ⣿ĵܵ˵ЦеĿڡ
ҡ۽΢ڵʶλǣ
ĸʯûлش⣬ü΢šżɽ
ҡĻＤκˣȴһ䵭ı飬·𲢲ˡ
ײ棬˵磬ǲеġ
˵¶һõЦݣҡ˵ҽѳ棬ҳ֮⻹ʲô𣿡
ĸ˫ҡޱĴԺлС˵ǷһԳɫ˫̥ų֮С˵дδֹ
ѳ֣ĪϤ֮УƺĳƵ
˵ôɴ࣬Щڵһһۣ˵ʲôȻ⴫һ졣
ҡ⻹ûӦ֮ǰָһ㣬һѪڷɳսһ͸Сƿڡ
ü׸ҡһǰ̫꣬ζЦЦ
СС񣬺ڡ
ҲҴȥҲҴңӰ˲ʧֻʣҡԺлص
Ů㣬ҵ˹黨˳ܽɽױƵĽŽɽеȡ򿪣һɢŲϢĺڰ׶ɫ黨ӳ
ҡæЩήҵĹ黨Сڣû뵽쾳й黨ôҵˡ
ףǡԭNɪ䣬Ȼ鵽ҡĶ۾һԾ૵񷣡
ʶҡѳνļ񣬺ʡ
㡭Ǵҵģҡת߻ӦѽⶫôĪĳ֡
ҡڵǺ棬ץתĴڣɫյǰ˵⵽ʲô
ۿҪˣҽҡ⣬µڽ䣬δĶ˵лú˵Ҫⶫڴү
ڲˣЦҡĶɫۣ֪ôһʧܵķ
ȻǵСһԵֻ̫ĳڰ˸
С㶮ʲôߺߵĵ̫꣬ôһҲָ򶨡
׵Ԫÿһ׶Ҫ׽ٵϴ񣬡ͦصվҡǰʦһʣ֪֣
ףҡ۴ڣһĨϷʵЦǵϬؾֻϬǱġ
ķҡĴ𰸣һĿҡⱻѹߣ˵ǻ綼ףֽж񷣡
ɽʱŻֵף˶м֮ͷһ񷣡
ҡһ˦ȥɽ٣Ҳ˵ΪĴУڶɽٵʱռס
ʲôݣôȻе㺦¡
Ů㣬õöģַ·ˣ䵽űĵʡ
ҡպãĵ˵·ϼġ
ʵ˵ɣĻѵ˵ⶫֻһطա
ʲôطҡԾļӿ죬˺ܿܺǸδֹı˵йأ˵ģǷζ֪ܿǱߵϢ
ѽĸطţתתԭȥһ벻ģΪʲôڴүȻ벻أ
ҡסһ߹ȥĳ嶯ǣ̫ߣ̫꣬ߣԹ룬ֱΪֹ
ҺȻˣڼ׷ҡ⡣
ҡͣ½ŲתͷЦЦĿ
޼֮أ޼֮ء˵طһ˿η֮ɫ
ѳѳҡǸ˵ϣֲЩ죬ԭѣ
Ҿþ޷ƽ
޼֮غų̫ħĹ԰治Ǻڡ̫һλħҲȫ䣬ʮ֮һֻ޼֮س˯ǿĳʱҲԶ˯ȥ
ǵĺͬ޼֮أײ뿪ǶԭŮڵں޼֮أ㱻һֱֻ顣
ҡ֮뵽޼֮ؾͺëΪΪ컯Ĵ̫ˣһܽ׽硣
ǲ֪ܵƻԼϲһ㶼޼֮أúǵطǸĹ԰
֪֮աǡѡΪС˵Ů޼֮ʱȼдһˡ
޼֮а֧̫ħᣬе塣صǡǵ켵ʵ
ʱҡԴ֮Աǣʱ򣬺ȻС˵Ƥ⣬ǹɴζҡҷ𺳸С
ôˣԭ壬ֲԭװΪʲôѪͼڣͲͨѽ
ļǵã괩ʱԭѾˣĻǲ֪ΪʲôȻµ塣
׽˵жᡣͨ˵϶һ˿ĺۼûУ·屾ġȻǼ򵥵Ļ괩ᣬܿĺۼ
Ϊǻ괩;в䣬ְΪǰڰڿǰּ趼ҪƷˡ
ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ʵһֱһʣֻǵ
ǣ˭ڰһУ飬Ե޹硭ּ֮ǰѾдԽǰһл᲻λĴԽйأ
ȿȣ
һĿҡ˼ҡ߰뷨ЩҲûãͨΣҪǣűߡ
ǲطɵˣڰⲽڴү㣬ǴĶõġ񷣡
Լ˶ʼҵòҲһõġҡ̾һһĴ
ڿصĵ˵ͷе
*
뿪쾳Ҳһ·յߡ
磬˵̫껼ǸŮ֪ϢΣЦе˵
濴һۣ˵ôΣ
ƲƲ죬˫̧Ժ˵⻹룬ڱչؿ϶Ҳ
˵ǶΧʱշ·Ȼͣһ㣬˿˶ԭأ
һӰǰһнװһѪƿץ
Сһ£ڿɲֵʱ
Ůһ̾޳۰׵ָǰһΣĨǵĲּ䣬ɢ
ͣʱ˲ָ֪޾ļظ··ϵĻѲԭǸ



64 
ɽ, ҡһ˫۾עԼüȥ, ֻԶİºվһλɴŮ, ҡ⿴΢΢һЦƯΡ
Ǹ¿ߴˣ
ҡһ, ĳȥ
ˡŮڣͻأʻ죬Ȼƶ
ҡȻ, һԼ, 㵽˭
ΪʲôĸоôϤ
Ů̾һ, ͷƺ, ƺ˵Ҳֻǿ֣Խ
ֱҡдס, ԶҪκˣ˭ĻҲţ
㵽ʲôˣΪ˺˵⼸仰ҡ, ˳˲, ɫĴ
㻹ǵڵعʱۿġ
ҡⲻŵĿ, ʱ˳ӣ˵δģʲô˲ϣ
Ůӿҡ, ǿĵ뷨, ˵һûôñ, ֻһţס仰
˵仰Ůӽһöɽ׸һ̾ͱ쾳ͳȥˡ
ҡ۴ãɽվԭش˰Σź֪ķų鿴ɽڵĶ
ɽȫǱ̾޵ڵĿʮš
ôڵȫˣֲûᱻͳȥ
ڴʲôգ˺һֱŮ뿪̲סʵ
ҡšüиûлشڵ⣬Դʣڣܿĳ𣿡
˵ֻһҲ˵ոպ˵˲¿ߴˣǡ¿ߴ˵ں档˵Ĺһһ˵ƳһЩ
ں鶯תתƺڻĳࡣκȷ˵壬һλƷˡ
ʲôıҡ֪û˵ꡣ
˵̫壬һֺܹŹֵĸо벻ͨԭشתҲ֪ת˼ȦȻյҡȱߣ˷ܵ˵ˣڴү֪ﲻԾˣ
ոյһۿʱһΪʧɢĽãǹϢ㣬ǵգ֮ϵϢֱˣȻǸˣζԶԶȲ㣡
ҡⱻĻӸˣһںĸоһ£֮û¿ߴ˱йǾͲö֪ˡ
һ֣˵ġǿ֡Ǹָ˭Ҫܿ˭
ҡҳһʱ쾳һ־
쾳رգھ֮˵쾳롣
ԭڰյͨ鱮Ȼһ˲Ǵ󣬵ֲԭڲɽ飬ƺΪһ飬Ϣ֮ǰΪƴء
ҡңűͨ鱮΢ȣͨ鱮ƺøΪķˣ
ôȽС磬̫쾳롣ʱѾв˺ͨ鱮ǰ
ҡĵһɧŵȺ˼ŭһߵ򼤶ĳ֣˵ҡ㣬
ŸָĿҡ̩Ȼߵǰû˵ѾȲʵҡ㣬ûΪʲô쾳ûټ
ҡ⽫þͱٻص¸üͷ˵ʲôû˵ˣȥôƫƧĵطʲô
ޣҡգգۣиһɫȥʲôҹ黨Ϊʲô
ûӲлعһ˺Ȼվǰߵ˵ѽҴʦնڵ
ҡ̧ǰѧ۵ŮӣɫѺγԣ
ŮԭǻŭֱԽԽ˵ŭҲ֪¡ǿƿۣ֮ǰʮЩԥһʼҴʦ㣬ͳ쾳ı̾ڵ㣬ôҲ֮ˣֶȴ˱ɣʵ˲ܣ
ȵѣҼϲֽһóҪҶҡü£ȥЩź;˭Ҳұ֤ನ˵ˣ˵ͱȥڵı̾ޣֻ˵ȵѣ쾳Ե
⻰ԼƵһɶ޹ĻȥʵЩˣκԭŮͬűҡü΢̬Եô˵
鲻ԽΪҡȷ޹أʦҪӶۣʦӶΪ֮ˣʩչ꼰޹
ŮѾȥŭͬϺȵΪøӻΪʲôΪֻشʦı̾ڵô˿ţҪ߰ĺ˵ʲôҲҪشʦɽ䡣
ʦȶעֻʮڵǻδֳʤͳ쾳ʹʦˣҲýʦѼڵȫߣʾıŴ˵Ŀ⡣
ʵϣʹŴҵĿҲȫҡߡ
λѣЩѾɽ䶼µ˷ˣԭֻ߷ڲҪǵĶ鲻ݵĻգһ˫Ц˵
ŮӱƵĻҵ˵Ȼ˵ǰ߷ڣܾЩͳȥµڵ
ʵֻһʼ沶̾ڵ֮˻õڵΪԴҡ⿪ȺӺԽԽֻͨ̾޳֡ķʽ˺̲˻õڵ
ȻҶôҲʮЦٲģΪܻݵģҡֻվǶĿһҶõƫļ֣ڳ˼վǱߡ
ŵҲ̫ͱˡǴ򱧲ƽġ
˵ĺѧûӹһ㣬ٺ٣˻˷Ǻŵгġ
Ѵ֮ƻ˹ӣбܶԷҪǿı޵ġ

Ůӱѹҡ⽫ߵڵû뵽͵ʴףŻŵ۵
ﻢ֮ʱ˸ϵͨ鱮ߣһµӳһɫɮ۵
ŮӼӳ˾ʦֻ֮ǰֻʦ㱻ڵʦǰ¶û뵽ȫûазչ
Ҳʹֲڵܽʦ׽׽
ţŵӳἰ˸ո֮£ߵļ˾䣺ʦ֣ʦ㱻㰵㣬쾳ףʹΪʦ㣬ҲŶԣ
ӳޱĿû˵һԵСкƵٷʩԲӡ



65 
쾳, ŵԶޣ˵Զǿ, ʩ˵⻰ЩסСɮ֪ŵۻִţĵλ, ҹҲвԴΪ̾ڵ˵Ҫ簴ʩ, Ҫ۷С
Сɮ޼ͨ鱮涨ɱǾʾ˲ɴɱ䣬ҲǿλĲǡԻһ޼, һǼ, ʩΪΣ
ָǻۡ, ķʮֱֹ, Ͳ˵ʩ㼴ִƫƫҪ˵״
ŮСеĻ, ɫһѿ
ĵʳһλɮȻⲢݿڲţò˵жһƱ, ҡڵСпᷴŮӵĻ, ֻһ뷨
ѾҪС, ˵оԴǿߡСгðװۣ͸һ֮, ϲ֪ǲܷӹඥ, վֱׯ֮, ˲Ծŷ
˵ǣһǸˡ
ϧǸԵ裬Ȼ⻰Ǻǻȥ쾳ŵڲˣŵֻһţ׽֮˵⻰١
ŮӺĶԻȻҲǾ䡰ûƢߣӹȥ˭ĴΪŵۿԺ׽ʿ
˵ӣҪ˵ġ
ʦãʦ֮д㣬ҲԽ޴ңͬżķȷһȥ֮һ˾ʦȥһˡӳü΢˻û˵֮ǰĶŮ˵
Ůвޣҡһģʱͨ鱮ȻͶʮ׹⣬װڵɽߡ
ԭӵĻʱĵȴͨ鱮յĽ
Ƭ֮ͨ鱮ֳһͶӰͶӰ̾ڵɸͽ˵˳ڰ׵ĺȻҡ⣺ٶʮš
һٰʮӳһʮţȻһʮһʮҡԾǣȻһڵھŵλãξðƺûн쾳
ڱռƵ̣ҡİ˵ȥ¿ߴˣ¿ߴ˴ˣΪ߱̾ڵܿͱ쾳ͳȥˡ
ͨ鱮аʮŸ֣Ҳ˵ٸˣµֻбʾʮŸˡ
ǰҡȻ˵Ŀ⣬ҳԾĲ̨϶ɽٽӤһս
ҡ쾳쾳˸飬õһڴ֮Уɽ¶ˮȻӳõڶʵ˲˼顣
ͨ鱮ûи۵ĻᣬͶ¼ʮâ
ЩâЩű챦Щ͸ֲЩǿ۵ľ󣬻ЩǴй·ĵ
ţľ٣֪˭õâеĽ鲻Խ
Щ˼֮͸¶쾳Ľõջɽڣв۾˵Ľ۲ǰĽĳҡȥ
ʧǣǰâƺʲôûУ쾳ǰĽʲô
ҡⲻ֪ӳĽʲôâֵ֮ʱһεůͷӿȫţһ֮Ϣʶ
Ƭ
ҡⰵһû뵽쾳׾ȻһƴƬôֱʣ쾳ʲôͷƬó
ԼĪСĴֵָĴƬʶ·Ʈۣȴҡⲻ˼֣۲ĴƬʶУʱƬϵĵϣҲó粻ˡ
Ȼһ¿ߴ˳䲻ĽѼڵԼԼҪԵǰˡ
뵽ӳǡҲĿഥȻʲôû˵Ƭ̵Ѿҡ֪õҲǴƬ
ǲ֪һ͵ڶĲж
ҡҪĿ֮ʱԭʶеİȻˣҡʱһֲĸоȻûӦƸյ֡ûĴƬͱˡ
ɫѿĲֹҡ⣬ڵȻҲɫһ䣬ƺʲôֲ¡
ʯ֮䣬ҡȻ׹ʶаģͬҲһŰ
໥Ż໥иӦ
С˵Ϊʲôûἰʶа
﾿ʲô
ҡⴹ۽ޣǿѹ·ӿ˼ŭԺ˵쾳Ҳ˵ϾҪͳȥˡ
ȼӦ͵˰ɡ
гƴƲɫĳգգۡ
ҡƳŵ۵ķ򣬴Ǽɲ΢䣬ɽȡһĻ飬ͷϡ
ͨ鱮΢Ĳһ£˶ͳ쾳
*
ɫ۵Ůɫͣ쾳ڴԱվŵͱͳĹȻ
ĸҪֱȻüƺͬ
׽綼ЩǹĸĿ¶֣»顣
ԶߵĿֻѲҵ⣬Ȼ㣿ȼԣϵЩӣЦЦ
ЩФġ
Ȼ΢ͷ֪ʲô
Ȼ˼𣿹ȼҵôõĻᣬڵȵľԶĻ
Ȼ֪Ȼ˲׵
һ΢ķ̧ͷֻյ쾳ڻӿʮˡ
š͡ƿٳȲնߣߵٵĶϡ
һĻİŮӸӿȺ߳ƺʲôȻһ˲зʱʧ
ԶһһӣһĻİŮӣ˲з仯ΪҽŮЩǱĵˤڵϡ
Χ˲߶֣ԾԶԶģֻаעӵıܹȥͻͰ͵˵ӣû°ɣ
Ļеҡҡͷɴ˻Ρ
Ƭ̼䣬ԶѾ˲Ƶǰ˵Ȼɫһ䣬˭
ŮժĻ飬¶һü˵ԶΪҪ뿪ǹȼҶкβ
Զ߿¶ˣɫһʲôҲ˲ϣչѰҡټһ̾ʧժĻƴŭĿһĹȻЦȵѣȼǺ⣿ô
ҡСֻܰ㵽ˣϧ˲࣬ҲڣȻݹȼš



66 
ճλϲ, ȥϲıؾ֮أϲĴ쾳γ, ճǲԶ, ޸쾳˶ͨճǵĴġ
쾳ѾȥգĦࡢȻճڻָƽȻ, ǰյȻҪ岻١
ڴǰĺĴ˸ǷĵĬŵһɫשǰЩͨصĿĵءϵĹ㷱Ӷֿȥ޹ɣûڹ, ͨ˸޷
ʮšʱ, һӰס, Щջ, ŻͷҲ̧ʣȥĶ
ǡͨȴĪһ, ·𱻴ð֣ȴ֪Ķӡ
Ȱɡޱİȥ, ֵһ, ˵, պȥǵʱ岻̧ͷˣһûع
ǰŮò, ˵Ȳǰմ쾳Ǽλ, ڸͨĶ, 岻֪ؾƲۡ
ŮޱĵͷҲԶվһԵȴ
ʱȴû˼שˣ鲻Խ顣ٷֿǾ£һ𷴶ͨЩѵϰʲôعȻ
ܿ͹ȥ岢ָ֪ںδһ£ǽϸ֡ǡӲӵĴ֣ųɤӺǣȥǵĹ
ڸȺ׼ȥǵ˺ܿ;˹úעŮýڶǰ档
ʮƷʯǰŮ˵
ҡĬȡʮʯŽǰĺɫϣſһ죬ʯڣҡǰǵ˲ʧ̧ۺ壬̤˴ڡ
屻һۿЩ㱣ججȥǵȫ˴ʶ־̡һ⣬ڰǵĹâ
壬壡
һ˷㶵ĺ壬һǺһֵģЩʣôˣ㼱ġ
ˣָϵϵ֪ǽŻ˷ܶһЩ
ͷŰ׹ɫһ䣬֪ΪֳոŮӵҪ⣬ǹȼҪҵˣ
аţ죬ΪһǧƷʯʱҲʱţû뵽ȴû
죬ȥ֪ͨȼң
*
ҡ̤󣬿źճȫͬİǣɫͫ΢Ԫת¶ݡ
Ȼ֪ټѾй¶й¶ϢƾСľܱһСС֣
ܿͻƷӡǲ֪Զ迹ˡ
ųڴΪԶԤš
־ͲʲôõططҲȷ֣ʹڳڣҲˣúܡ
׷ԴΪԨ
Ϊѹ޺üλһʱİΪս֮֡ӡľŹ󲻶ϼȡΧ°ΧʧǴӴһ겻񣬵ڶûֶĳɡǡˡ
ҡûĻ·ϣȻ˲໹·˵Ŀ⡣һͨǵˣǼúͬ˽
ӣû뵽ǾȻӳͬһ˴󣡡
ոպӿôλȥеô˹
ϣȻۼΪʵӱ¼Ӱʯ˲֪˶ٱҲ¼Ӱʯˣ
Ϊζһǣ

ҡΧ治ɫŵķߡһ·һ˲ˣЩ̰ɫ鲻ԽҡģЩǺҡ˵Ŀģֿܼܲˡ
һ˹סҡڨ
ӣڣ°𩣬ҸҸ˰ǳһµճյĶҡ⣬Դ˵
û˵꣬Ѿͨ죬ƺܲסҡĿ⣬ֺһ̾Ҫ¡
ӣҡɨǰֳˣޱ֪׹Ϊң
ĵүүϣӾȻƺ׹ӣ׹ӣ
ô޻Ƶķ
ֱ΢΢üŻعͰ͵ĿڣӼٰǣ֪Ҫȥδң ΪǶԸЧȮ֮͡
ҡ⿴ҧĽֵʹ࣬мֺЦṴ˵ǡ
ʶĿ۲ԶĳţһԹǵĳŽôѹ񣬰ǳŹص磬ǧѷڵĺûᣡ
֪ʱ͹سˣӷģ˵ǹõģǿţظĵážž죬һɫ˵
ǾͶл׹ˡҡ۽΢ûȶԷ𻰺Ȼӿ˲
ߵſڣسŵסˣȻÿ춼˳ǣδҲ̫ˣ˵ڳŶˣڳſʲô
ۼĿǰҡͰ𩣬ЩԾϡ
ǸŮӣز!ٳʲôʱȻӶʶˣ
ʲô쿪ţͷ󺹴ŴĴһ˦һ˦ȷɢȡ
ҡע⵽ΪŵڣƿΪõҩѳġţϸ鿴һ鲻֪һɨȥмַ֡
ȱʧͨ죬ֲô֣ܻѾˡ
һæ͵ֵ򿪳š
ҡѹĵǹɹ֮УһֱնУԨķȥ
ԭصİ𩿴ԶȥӰĳ˵Ÿ̧űӸȥ
̫Ѩ˳飬һһҼֳٳ̤һɽնУҡٶȡ
ԭҡĲҲ׷ȥ
Ƭ̺һ˺ȻϢϿա
󣬴ߣ˲˵
Ű˶һۣٳ˵дڸǷȥ
дֵ߳ĵطвȻնУǶԴߵء
ѹû˵ĻָǰǣȥԨʲô
˵һɼǿѹϷӹһɫӰ˲Ƶҡԣһ죬һ̾Ҫץסҡ⡣
ӶҪɳŵ඼ҪɤϣۿǸͻȻֵĴ߾Ҫӣһ߲ʶݹӵӰʧԭء
ûһӣʧӰͻȻЩǱ䵽ԶӰ֪ԨϷ
֪ʱԶߣǧ׷ҡվԨϷ벻⡣
󣬵˶Ļ
ڳԶȻ¶ľϢһڤ粻飬ȱץȥ֪ˡ
һ죬͵͵Ϲֻҡߵķݰ㣬ԶһԨ
ӣ𩱯ߵڿտɽԵø
ɥģ˵һ㡣
ԶƳԨ



67 
𾪣ĳλǿ, ӱɣ
޿졾ޡȻƮһŵ, Ȼ˵ע, ˽ȥ
һ¥¥¥մճ󵽰ǣû뵽һĻӣòӣ¥̲סһ·ȥһԳưǳӵܹȥͼڨ, û뵽ӾȻˣûˣǸųȻҿô
¥[ݹǵ]¥ܲ˵ϻҪأӵôˣ
¥[С]¥ʶ޿ķֹ£Ųھȥ㣡ֶ˵ǲ
¥[ܹ]⵽¥ᵽߣȫ״̬¥λ, , Ը
¥[], ¥Ͼܹ£¥ǲģ
¥¥˵Ҫȥ, һȺ˾͸ߣȥԺɶݶ, Щ˻û׷ϣȻ֪һɴڵϢԽԽһȻֵĴ߲֪Ϊξͳ, ӱһԨ¼Ӱʯ¼µĻ[ͼƬ]
¥[С]ӾȻıԨ, Ԩһֱڸ𣿡˳һ, ʶ¥Ĵ
¥[ݹǵ]Ī޹ȼҵġƶ£λɡ
¥[]ֳ, ¥˵, ʱ̫ͻȻ, ˵дĸҷ

ʮ¥[׽]¥¥֪Ĳ˵˵ȻҳùӲϮҼҹӵˣ
ʮ¥[ҵС]СˣЩ˲˵Ǹ߲ǹȼҵԶ˵Ȼ߳쾳ŹȼҪȻô֣߳һôСҪ
ʮ¥[Сʦ]¥䣬ȼҼһѣǿ¶Թȼ˵̫ˡ

һü۵ͷ˳޿죬ϲ̵ȥš
ˣѾͷȥԨˣ˹ȼҵˣԶ׷ȥԨïλϵĺ˳㻹޿пϢһ㱨
Ȼ֦ҲԨϸüһڷϵ˼£˼Ƭ˻ϲӬʾï뿪ȥɡ
ïӶ˶ƺ˵ʲôƳͷԼȾĵޢĵ˵ΪҰȻ㡭ȥɹսһ
лˣлˣïϸ۾һ̰Ĺ⣬ϲЦտĻ׵
еĲ棬ڲĻŮŵĵͷ
潫ïȥ󣬺촽Ṵ¶һ޵ЦֻԨڹȻ֦ܽҲĻͷųϢӳȥȫԶߵĹ͡
ʣµŮ׵ǣˣ
£ƺһ£üǸһ·ûû쾳ȥͱ黨λˡ
Ů۽΢촽˶Щɵ˵ˣǸ¿ߴ˵ʲôݣΪҪ֣
Ů㶣Щӣú૵¿ѽʯ诱ǺųƳ¿ߡ
˵ԼЩʧԣĿһݣĿǸŮ˵⣬ƺѾͷߵúܽ
ŮĻæ¿ͷ죬ū澶ԷĹжģ
һ˿ɱ⣬ŵϵ⿴˰죬Цһ˵ôʲôɡ
*
Ԩ
ҡûΪһʯӣĺ͵ϵһʯͷһ
ԶųֹݣһƿǴֱӽĵðôȥȾƺãˡ
ô˵֣ȼҹȻ޼ɵ˵ȼ˥پͿ쵽ˣʱȼһôʲô
һO@ĽŲҡ΢ǾԶϢû뵽Ԩ¾Ȼˡ
ûһһϤ˳ǰ
ҡԾĿͻȻ̸ֲֵ쾳ûѵһֱԨ
ڵΪ󾳺ڣһӴʮסС˵ûᵽΪǵģѵؼԨ
ӣˡ̸ĺߵ
̸üһںڰУĴ³֣عܡ
˵ţһɫӰȻ˲ƵǰߵϢɫһ䡣ʯӶѵҡҲЩţȻŻһͷ˵ƭ˳ڵľԶҪǾԶʲôͨƩͫʲôǾˡ
̸ϣԶɫ΢Ŀ̸ʣСӣֻ𣿡
̸ԶߵѹЩһ˿Ĺ⣬ǱһֵʲôˡոǸƺһ˿춯
ָһ˵
Զ۾У̸һָۣķȥ
ӡЩԾĿڣ̸ϡ
ߣ
˵꣬ųһֻɫС棬ֻӡˡų򣬺ܿʧ˿첽ߵһұڣֲ֪ұڶʱ𣬽ֱ߽ұڣĺҲұڣ˲ʧ
ҡĿ̸ʧ̣ǣû뵽Ԩ˷ӡľŹȻһѵͷͻƷӡ飿
˼֮ʣһӾԶߵķ쳹Ԩþò
ҡ⾫һ𣬸ʯϵʯͷ¼õԶǰΪҪƿӡ
仰ʯʱΪҽԨ״ĺ紵ɢ
ɽϵҡĻʱɫ䡣
죡ߣҪˣ
δ䣬ԨΧ͵һҡΣԨײӿһһɺǺ·㣬צ¶ȥ
ϣңԨ״һ쳹ŭ⣬ŵ濪ѣԨ·Ҫݡ
֮ԽԽ󣬺ԨϷһӴĺԨ׷ɳһɳĻпȥЩǱľԶߡ
ճ˴ԣɢһаϢ
ԶɫڣҪŻѪױ˼ǧꡣԨʲôȻ֪û뵽ڴʱֻһʹʲôûҲᱳϷųɡ
ұضô´£ȼҪһȡ
ɶ񣡾ԶĿԨֻ˷аʲôɫץƱ



68 
, ողýԶȥǱߵģƾ׵ȼܹЩס̸ĺߴЩ˵ζ˵
ǰ̸ӹһ˿, ڻڹԵЩ䣺, ųȼԹ˲Ͼ̸Ҳлˮ㡣
߶˶٣ƺЩŭ, Ӳ˵гͺá
̸˵ߣԼĺХˮڵص
ҡ⻯һֻɫɶ꣬εĸ
³, Ԩ, ϶
˴Լ, ŵխԽԽ, յ㴦һڵˮ̶̷йĸһ
Ǻͬһڶ, ΧһУˮǿϸС΢ͳͳߣһɱŰĻصϢԺΪԲ, ˮ̶䡣
ˮ̶ΧӦò, úϢй¶ȥ
ܿ, ͳˡ̸дŲźĿų, ҡⱻֿ˰ĳպĿ⼤òһƤķڰ͹ƽұ, ϸˮ̶ĺ
̫ʱȻδ, ģĴžǻĿӣǿӻΪʮƷ컯δŷֱΪʮƷ½ʮƷҵʮƷ
˵Ϊħ޲Tã޲T֪٣ҡ⿴̶еĺԽԽ˵е
ֻʮƷô֮߳һߣδ̫˵㣬ҿϢҲʮƷӦеơ
ܿ죬̸ͽʡ
ȻֻǾƷֻҪҵʧıԴһػʮƷ̸ҲգĶźԱߵĺҲͨ죬һĶź
˵仰ãԭ뿪صȻǱʲô߶㣬ʼһ΢Ĵ򿪣տ¡
ҡⲻɫķɵ̶ߵһʯͷϣͽ۲ˮϵĺƷôҲһ˭ģֲðΧѷҪͷҪ
ĶȻ΢˵ע⣬ĿĿҡ⻯ɵķɶ̸꣬ҡҡͷ
̸ƳһɽȡһľʢһŽӲӵĶ
ƿ󷨣Ӧ赲Ƕá
ҡЩԾĿ̸ľϢû뵽ҲⶫѲҪõϢ
ȴ֪ΪħĳɵȻԴʧƷ½ҲѰģϢΪ֮Դ̶ĺˮΨһܳĶ
ȡһ̣Լרõġ̣ϵ浽ҹȵͣһط
һĽɫĿȷĻںϷˮ̶ϷǵεϺݺݵһ£ƽˮ漤һȦȦ
ףйǿһ֣ȻбҡⰵľĻҲӱĲ̸ҡ
ϸ룬̸Զޣ̸ҷֵĺαԶޣҪ̸ޱ޳Ī
ǵ׺ܿͲϣһ͸ϱƻѳ״ƿһ󶴡
̸ľǺ·ʲôһ㣬Ȼһ£ԭڳˮϸСˮ
ʱȻһˡΪ׵Ӹߴ࣬ŲɫۣӢǷĹͭɫϣϴ޼ϸĶڣ̸ĶоһһЦ
ŵľϢٺ٣Ұ׼öûҵյߵˮ̶ߣҲżץˣèץӰ㿴̸ˡ
̸ޱĿŽˣҲ˵ͻȻһϯ˽ԱͷתͣʯͷϵķɶҲ紵ò֪ҲĶˡ
ҡжķɶ꣬һ̦ұϡ̸ľ˲٣Ƿ粻ֹǶԸЩ˵ģ̽Ϊɶ
ڴʱ̶ˮкƺҲɹַ紵Ӻˮзֱľķȥ
ɫ䣬죬ֹ
ںҪսľʱһֺֻȻǺԭѾɵľˣ֪ΪκȻסƺڲ棬źá
̸ɫѿĿźȻֵˣĵ׹ԥسȥ
ҡ⳯΢΢һЦл̸
Ķǵ׹⣬С磬СлľϢҪʤľеϢԥƬ̣աݡһСڡ
ֻ֪ҡΧȻһֵĲȻʧˡ
ʧпȡߺɾǺȻֵҡ⣬ڳΧסҪ
Ů˾һ㣡̸˫Ŀ죬ȻѾ˱ıԵ
Щˣһ߳ȥӺҡ̸ǡ
֮ʱˮ̶׵ĺɫ̶ˮȻһУԽԽ󣬷·ҪһƬռȫ̶ס
̸ûй̶춯ֱӷǿͨҡ⡣
ŻϢĿҡȥл΢ɲηУʱˮ̶ɷڡ
ҡԭû£̧ʹַܿ磬˭֪ˮ̶͵رһǿҡһ龹Ȼ˶ˮ̶С
ˮ̶һƺ㣬нƽ
ԭ˻ɱһ򾡣û뵽ĽȻŽĿصĿ̶ˮʵԶӣǺã
ʲôǺãȻ׷ȥԶӳһǶ¹Ұ׼ƣʬɽѪҲøҴȥ
һԪӤڳѹ»ɫѿĽ͵Զ̶֪ˮһͷžŻĶ麣ȥҲϲˡ
̸ǸĻüһͷӽˮ̶УȻǸͷϳˮףqq̶ˮڵ÷ӳ˵Ӱ
㣿һԲ
Զšü̸Цޗ̸ҵģǧȥҰ׼ҵĴ֮ô̸ӣ常棬һܸȤ
޶û֪ϢһԶ޵ļ徹ȻԨ˺ֱڴ׼ҵ
ȻĻǺվ˶ߣ˼ǧܾʹ˹ܴɣ´³ô©ǸһǴķõܡ
ץס⼸͵֮Ҳ㽫
д⡣̸ޱĿڣ˵Ȼһ˲ƷҪߣԵĺ֮ǰųһΪԶȥ
嵽ǰֹҪܵˡ
ԨϷͬмڿж÷ɳʯҳ̶ԶԨļ˿ɱȡ
׳λʲôʱܵԶ߳İǳѯʣɫЩ࣬·һӣȾһѪ˲ǳ
Ϊ׳ӷһȥԨףɫЩһ뾲Զߵϱƣ׼ʱβһڣֱӺݺݵھԶϡ
顱һ죬ϱĳһ޿ӣӵ׵ľԶǱ̫Ƕá
е׳һۣһƶߡ
ӻ棡ȥңһȻ
ӱ֣Ҫȥȵ
вУովӴԨȥԨӣԶߺôǴʿﲻһʱɵȲˣ
һûˣ׳ƺı˵ȥԨסڿӵ˵ľԶǿųһȻûˡҡһƣ͵³һѪ˹ȥ
лҪ˵
ע1ںǶɽڡڣΪͦˣ
ע2˵С˵塷ħ޲TûеŮǣΪʲôħҪ޲TΪΪħ޲Tӡ̫̣Լȡħ̫Ť޲T֡
һܣԼһȻʮ(????)!!
ҿо൱¿һС˵orz˳ţ
1.ȸŮŮҪˣ
2.ʯ诣δʽǰ׵һˣŮӳƺžã̫飬¿йأ
3.	ԭŮޣһ롰޳
4.⣺ԭХĿǰлδûʽ
5.棺ã游һϵͣҪ
6.Խ᣺ºϵͳĿǰϷݲࣻ
7.ƣãеڰˣŮѣ
8.Ϳ壬ԭжͿ嫵ĵܵܣϲŮ
9.̸ߣͱ꣨꣩˼ʮŮˣݺΪݣŮкøУ
10.磺
11.Ϳ嫣ԭжϷݲࣻ
12.ܣ壬ΪһһˣһͻƵԪҪˣ
13.ҷ壬ԭģշϲԭŮϷݲࣻ
14.ԭĶŮ䣬峤ŮϲԭжͿ嫣
15.ŮףӦò˵()
16.ţĹһγйأΪ£
17.ɋĸףΨoţҪˣ
18.ۼʥԶʣ
19.飺ſейأȼжԹŮľ
20.ȻԭŮ䣬壬ѧʦ㣬ƻģҪľ
21.棺ԭŮ䣬̫壬֮һŮʥŮʥŮ
22.룺Խߣħ幫׷ӳоξϵ
23.ӳԭѧʦ֣򹦷飬ĿǱ֮ʧɢãʱһǣ
24.ףԭҵĵù
25.ڣͨϬصѰͿ߲Ϭؾ
26.ƣŵ۱ߵĴߣšܻáûþͻħﰵϵ
27.ĸףȥ޼֮أ丸ɷ
28.boss֮һ
29.޲Tħ棬Էɢ׽عΪһ
30.Ůʱˣδʦڵع׾âУѪ
31.ξħ£óã¡ξΪħ޲T飨ǣ
32.ʱףʮΨһףʧ٣
33.Ӱboss֮һļ䣻
34.̫꣺ߵɵ֥׵۽ʾӷ֣
35.٤ҶǰŮʥŮѪħħŮϲĸ׻ʱŮʥŮõġɶҩģħ渴ӡħ
36.ƣת˹ˣһγڻأ֣
37.̣黨洫ӵһˣѪɱɱŮ
38.ޱϷ壬Ůף
39.ڷӣ̨սл÷ӹඥȱٵػ꣬챻һǣ
40.¿ߴˣδ壬쾳͸Ů仰Ů˭Ҳţ
41.Զ߹Ȼ֦ȼҴߣŮľ
42.ïŮĸϢʾȥԨ
43.ʯŮĸţ
44.棺޼֮ذ֧̫ħ֮һ壬Ůйأ
45.𩣺ٳ죻
46.ïˣ̣뺦Ů



69 
qqˮ, һ˿ⶼ͸ˮһƬž, ·һȫͬ硣
ҡⱻˮ̶, һ˲·궼ҪѵǹĴ̹Ǳֻ沨ˮķƯ
ˮ׹, ڰʲôҲΧˮأѹƵҡⱾͶ˵޷չ۲ܵĻֻоˮͳͳһطӿȥԽǸطˮٶȾԽ졣
һ, ˮֱӳӿȥĵط, ǵطƺǸխ, ͨСխ, һƬӹˮ
䣬궼Ծڴ
ҡ߶µȡһөʯ, ΧԼ׵Ŀռ䡣ӫͬҹĻΨһӣںڰرۣûϸ۲Χ, ԶȻһ˿쳣Ĳ, ڰˮ㲨޷Ŵ
͵һ, ջөʯڰǵΨһĹԴʱʧȻĶܿ, ΢СĲûн, ҡоһ쳣ӴĶڲϿ
ûһ˿սˮ, ʲôҲ壬δ֪˵ĵȻҡ⻹û̩ɽ治ɫļܡʱԼôԪͨľҲһսš
·һֻĴֽ߬ס࣬
ͨͨųصһĵӰиˮֺһʱԺУһ˲հס
ڰǸӴĶҡƽҵĬСĵ侭壬һ׷Ϊı׶¶ľϵĲֱжףĶһ˿϶
仯ĵ׷һʼľҪԣʱ뷨жһ£ʵԵĿԶΪ硣ɷ׽ô˳׵عĻþĥľȡɵջ⵽˷ɡ
ҡ֮;Ƚɢޣûʦǰָһ·Źӣ;ֻ˵Ƕ׵Ȼڲų⣬Ҳ֪һǲҡ
ĵ绹ٳͣ󾳳ڣ쾳ĴƬڵĻֱӲ϶棬źƬˣҲ˴˴ε϶ΪȻ
ȹľҪ޲ĵʱǸӴĶѾˣˮһɢһֻȻƺҡܱˮ¶
ҡ⽫Ϣת£һƯˮУϣԴĴһܿ뿪걻ˮˣϵ϶״ѩϼ˪ʵڲ뱻ŹֵĶϡ
ϧԸΥֻȻһֱΧζٳٲԸ뿪Ψһҡ˿ǣƺԸʮ˳˵е
ֹһβײˮ׵İȻͷת뻻κ̫Ӵһתֱӱƶˡ
ҡһ鰵£üκ
ڸε˴Լһ㣬ʧű׾ҡβ뿪
ȻһͼԭƵٶ˲÷ɿ죬·ʲôµĶ׷
ôСҡĿɿڴǱһСŵõĶ϶ˣҲδ̫˰ɣ
ûֻȻתôãǾ޾ˡ궼ܱ˵ˮֻ޾϶Ҳͨ
֪޾ԽԽԶҡݺ½өʯȡ˳òһôСûʲôвĴͷ˵ʲôҲܷ뿪
㲻뿪ôܿȡȡů
өʯĹε÷ɿľ޾ʱٶȣȥԭشתƺЩԥòûȥ
գ޾ĺսʤ˺£̽Եһξ롣ҡס궳˵ļʹУιʱٴηк
ˮУֻ޾һԶˣҡסѿڶġ鵰һөʯһ׷ž޾ε׷֮̽£ֻ޾ڸܵҡбƣͣ
өʯɢĹβھ޾ϣֻܿİֻ顣ûǾ޾һֻ۾ͱ˻
ҡƴͷԼ⣬ŲֻС޾͸ʱķһֻͨм򵥵Ľ౱Ⱦ޾һ㣬ûôС
ֻСǰ׳ôӡ
ͨ޾Ĺͨҡ֪ƬˮıµĴڣʱСǵĵ̣ͻᱻòٱͻԭ
ֲõôСҡĿž޾ʳײһֱŰƶλӰŻᱻŵŷӡ
ֻǱǱɱĻǼλ鲻ɱֻ޾к̨
ôȵľ̲ס۸
˵ĵطǾ޾ĵ̣λĵ̣û޾ֻǱôˡ
ʲôҡʣôһƬˮ򣬾Ȼֻĸ顣޾˵⣬ԼƬˮûм飬ûĺۼôѵȫƾˮ
޾Щԥҡ⣬ʾߡ
ҡòУܲһ̣޾ĿûĻҡ⿴˻ĺɫηε£˵ˣ߰ɡ
ʮֹ⻬ҡŬƽûлȥ޾ϵȷˮҪߣо»˻
Ӵˮ״УһƬ޴Ӱˮ׳˾޾ζʱϸ΢ˮʧ磬ҡֻƾˮϸ΢仯²ΧĻ
޾֪˶ãٶҡᵽ޾˵ޱ޼ʵˮж⻹ֻǾ޾λˮж㡣
Ⱦ޾ͣ£ҡԶһǹֵѹˡ
ƺһȡΨһһĵҩ֮󱻶˵ںת˲١
ȥ֮ٷõģֻӦˡ
޾֪״̬Լǹ¹µˮ״ôúòһ飬ʮֵĵļͨѯ½ѷʲôˡ
ҡľ޾ıοû¡
޾̧ĳָָǰ棬ָָˮס
˵ҡɻͷĿһˮɢ෺΢ǵ㣬Щǵ㷢Ĺʮ΢ϸ޷塣
̧ͷǰȥЩǵǴǰƮˮ׵ġҡһǵ㣬֪ǵһָʧȻһ˿ϸ΢ı仯
ʲôŹֶҡ̽Եץ˼ǵ㣬Щǵʧı仯ԡ
Щǵ㾹Ȼֱꣿҡ⵹һû˵ҩǰЩǵôЧ
ֻ޾ǷҲǾЩǵԵʣƬˮ
޾ǵ㣬ԼҲĵĳֻſһΧˮѸپ۳һУϵЩǵһȫŵ
ҡһҲǹо޾òľ޾ɵзΧ˻ʳЩģʹǰȥ
ʱ޾һ̴ٵļУҡһյ޾
ȥȥȥ
֮дŽšη׽ƺǰرĴڣֺ¡
ҡѹĺ˻ȥʣȥǰ𣿡
޾˻ͷˮ÷ˮˣҡⱻεͷǣЦֹĶлú˵ҪҶ
ȥᣬزˡ
ҡĻûٻΣ˵ֹǰΡ
زҡһǰʲôΣսȥ˾ͳ𣿿֮ǰ˵ûм飬Ϊʲô֪ȥǰͻز
޾Ѳܿǰ棬ҡֻܷιȥĴ㡣ץЩǵܴ꣬ܲЩǵ㣬װƿڵǵһʧӰ٣԰ˮ׵ĺҲһߣûǵ㱣סֻա
뿪Ƭǵĵط֮ǰҡͷ۱޾ΪصصشڳˮʲôҲ壬ЩˮзǵԼܿһ
ˮ̫ڣҡЩԼĴ
*
ȥ𣿡޾ҡˮתһȦ̲סʡ
ƬˮйŹ֣ԽˮˮѹԽǿ·ڤڤ֮һصֹˮеĶϸԵˮֻ֪һطŻĶ麣
һֱӴܵ˰ɣ
棿޾ɻ˵Ƭޱ޼ʵˮ磬ûȥʲô桱ûʲô桱
ҡһ˿ļʣιһֱεûˮΪֹ
ˮʲô
޾ĻҡԽԽأֻ̧˻Χ޴ڵˮ˵ЩˮΧˮ
˵Ȼ˾ôźĿ˵ѽ벻֪ˮʲôӵģ治өʯҲһŶ
ʲôô𣿡޾ˮȦ
ҡⱻӿˮ˻εͷתܣֹס˷ܵľ޾ʲôʲôӣɹԡ桱Ȥ
һһˮķȥ
ҡ֮ǰ֪Խӽˮ棬ǹˮѹƵԽ˴Լǧͳβˡ
ͣ޾ӴҪԿѹˡ
Уβˡ޾˵
ҡ鸴ӵĴΣγȥѵҪһˮ
Բԣ϶бķ
ŻĶ麣ŻĶ麣С˵ᵽ˾ŻĶ麣ﲻϻ顣Խʱ侲
ھŻĶ麣ԭƺֻᵽһ仰
ĿڣҪŻĶ麣иһ˿أƺԴ˵ؼΪɵ
ЩҲûھŻĶ麣ҡüҽšܲܽ޿طû뵽϶䶼õı޿죬Ȼﲻá
Ҳ˵ڶ麣ɥʧϵ
ֻû뵽ԼȥˣҡֵԳһЦ
ȵȣǵúǸˮϵģ
ҡӿ˼֣СڣȥɽСֻǶͲңңԣƺڱͷɢϢֱΧһȦֲȫή
һİԵС̽ܲû뵽ͱһâ˦ɡ
ŶС磬ǵһжôԴҡⲻаļ̽һαĺâ˦ɡ
̽˺üΣ̲סһ
΢ŮҪͼᣬɢ
ʲôطŲƬؽֱҡЦˣһƷôţǲǻǰ޲T߳Ƶ
Ĭã˵᲻ᣬ˲꣬꽫Ƭذɡ
ǸʵҲһҪ㣬ֻȥѡȫѰ·ߣ̸ѣҡΪ˳ȥһˣͺ͸¶һ
֪󣬺˶꣬һΪѵĲм˵ˣ˭ľڴˣ΢Ůȥɡ
ҡĻɫڣĵ׸ԼΪ˳ȥ̣



70 
Сɳ, һʼֻаƴСˮΪɿ̨
̨󡰲䡱һ¾ϳ, ҡЩ, һ̨ϣ̨·𱻽סһʱ޷
㲻Ҫ˵ˮһȦߡЦЦεǰ, ͺ˭Ҳ˭ҷȻǣķӡ
ʱں˽ƣȻ벻õˡ
һ, ˵ɡ
ȻϵĽ, Էһ, ŮΪʮƷʹ!
ۻôС, ܱһʼͷǿһλħвǿȺˣȴЩ˻øԶ, һִħ壬ľɱĺݾԶκһᡣ
ҡ̨ϣ޾֪Ķ, ƺҪ뿪, ӤӴι, ·̩ɽѹ㣬һѹֵıأ, ˮӿ, ̨Ų
, 㰴ҽ֮һܳ麣ҡü΢̧޾һûȥһġ
޾ӡл֪Լ̫תײҡ⣬ҡβֱΣһѹƬ
˲ɸĺҡⲻ֪ô޾һֱӴϸҡʶ麣ˮѹƣܿ͸֪޾Ӱ
һֻǳͨСԶҲܳ麣һ̵
ҡ̨ѹǹɴ̹ǵĺⶼ᲻٣ĻΪ޾ͨСڶ麣棿ĵĻǴġ
ܾƬˮŴܣ޾ԼĻԵټ֮˵һܳ麣
ȤûĻʮľܾ顣
ҡⰵƲƲ죬ϧˣûշֻķǲúƣᶼ
ֻĥˣշһ
ǰһЩͷۣʵڲеĻֻĥڵµ飬ҡ鸴ӵעµ̨
ҡĿ⿴ЩڣӿٶȴںĶ麣С̨ٶȼ죬Լ˰ʱѾҪӽˮ棬ҡ⼴ʹ̨б̨ס˴󲿷ѹҲܸ֪ˮѹԽԽǿҪѹ塣
һҫ۵Ĺ̵ҡֱڶ麣д̫ãȻֱõ⣬һԪЩܲס
ҡʶƫͷӦߣ麣ɨڳĶ麣֮ˮֹ̽ҲӶ麣ܵˡ
˴Ӧ޾⣬һֺǿҵԤУһ
麣ʲô޾ֹǰĵطʲôۻһ
Ϊ麣һ̽
ҡⲻ֪ǣ޾һξ׷ֻǺٶ̫죬ˮѹ̫ǿܿβˡ
ϳ˼޹֮󣬴ͷɥ֮ǰҡȥǵ㴦Աʼҡ֮żΣ֮£Ȼ뺣һξ롣
麣̫̫Ҳ֪޾˶áһ죬ǵ㣬Ʈǵĵط˰Σ˹ȥ
*
ޱ޼ʵĶ麣Ͽճε⣬һֻûС麣׽Ĺʶﻹж麣ϿգֻҪͣڶ麣ϷĶһĵ
뺣Ϊ޷룬ֻԶĳ麣ˮ꣬󱻶麣ʴһ
Ƭŵĺɫ֮УһȻһ澰һɿ̨ƶ麣ﲻĶںŲ̛ϾȻһλŮӡ
̨Ǻɫģ̨ϵİŮҲΣţбţĵϣһ˫̵һ۴˿˿⣬۽ǵǵκɫۡ
Ķ麣кȻһλò毺õŮӣôԻ˶ɵĺ
̾˿Ưü΢΢ƺз¡
ҡû뵽ɹ뿪˶麣ˮףȻںƮҲû뿪麣麣֮Ȼ鴫
ûȫ麣޿Ͳã˶麣Щ죬ʲôһŲ֪Ҳ֪ȼҺ;ԶǸôˡ
˵麣кüλĴڣ֪𣿡ҡþ޾˵Ļ׺Ļ˺ô̫žʹڵϹŶˣӦöԶ麣˽⣬ٲҪܵǵĵȥ
û˵ҡΪװʱڴһ麣һλħ䲻֪֮¡
ڶ麣Ͳ͸¶ˣһϢҡ𾪡
һֱΪ̫ħ޼֮أû뵽Ȼгġ麣ȷʵǸĺõط̴ûʲô˸ţҪһҲҪ𾳡
ȵȣö˶˵ѵȥλ֪ħ
ȥҡüʵ
û˵ĳĬѾҡ𰸡
̹˵лһλŵ̫ħһλ֪ħʵԾܾλħƢãȥ޻أ
λӦòϲ˴Űɣҡģɵ˵·ԺеħҲš
ѰټԻһʡһû˵ûа׵ڱһ⣬Ҫһ¡
ͷܰЩϡŹֵҪ󣬴ǰȥҪȻǺλһܡĺһֱӰ޴ˡ
ʱ޻ޣ֮ƺԶ֮սԺŻֵġ
֪Ķ𣿡
ҡĻ˺Ļ䣬̨һ£ĬĬƯںϡ
Ȼʶ·ô֮ʮƷħĳɵ̫ħҪ·
ֱѯϢȥˣ
ΪƾϢѸҵλ̫ħ桤·ҡڶ麣Ʈ˽£ڸ֪λħϢ
ε׼׼ҡüͷ΢šʡ
ʱ䣬˶òˣֻǵĳ϶²һһϦ޲õģҪʱʱżҲ޼¡
û˵ĬĬĳƮȥûһҡⷢԭʲôûеĺ澹ȻһСаĿȥƯڶ麣һµ
˵麣
ȻЩ˵ЩΪ͵ܽģͨ޷麣ȻΪ麣̫ħҪڶ麣ʲôӦòһѵ¡
̨µµϵĳҡбƬ̺һ˿ԾȻԼӰ
Ϊ͵˶ΪߵųǴɣ̫ħĵ̣ҡⲻҷֻס̨Ʈȥ֪ϵ
̨֮ڵСҡҲڿСϵˡ



71 
, ӡҡü΢ЩԾĿŵϵ, ֪, ΪʲôȻ
Ƴµ̨ЩȷĶ࿴ۣһĪɫҡ˵ÿ, Ҳǰһ
ҡС̨ΪһĻɵġ
ôսĲϢϴǰӳأˣ
ǰ˴ͷƳ, Ҹ, ΪλͻȻޣ
ҡ, ǰ˼鿴Сϵľɫ, ĵĿڣˡ
дУעĿǵǿŷ۷۵Ĵ, Ҷ֦ȫǷɫҡһֻĸо
ֻ¶ŮĵҶǱ׼״
ҡʱǿŹŹֵķȻ޷綶, ҶȻһĻ, ˣˣ
ҡ⻹ûüӦ, ֻһŭڷ𣺡ͷٳͰ˵գ
ֻһԼĪСĴָһƬɫҶ, Ҷɵҡǰ, Ĵָ˴ϵĳüЩ͵, ƺһ˺üòϷ˯ˣ
ҡи˼ͷǰĴָѵǡ
ǰĻЦڭǰ֪֪֮¡
ƨĻ˵ʵ⣬ҡ⾹ȻЩ˵ֻǰĴָ˾ȻǴ˵е̫ħʵըѡ
̫ħѵӦǶһȭյġ̩ɽΪʲôĴָүү󡭡Ӣ¿ص̫ħ𣿣
Сʮ죬г⣬ҶϵĴָСקקĳüƵ˵Ҫʵʮ鷳ܽΨһķ
ζĿָ˵鲻;
ÿ˳֮ʾͰһ⣬ֻ𾳼ϲܱ鲻һͻᱻڿе紵𡣶һϨ𣬾ʹ˳׵׵ɢؼ䡣
ͨתͶ̥ʹǶһΪת֮ѱ䣬ͲͬһˡҲ˵ʹҵתǰ𾳣ת֮Ҳܵǰ֮ˡ
𾳵ֿܵ磬˳Ͷʱ˳ӣ֮Ͷ̥תͬһˡ
Ļһ˿ɣ˶ЩΪѵ˵ǰʵǼĸ
˵˵ĴָС˴ҶϱɽҪָŭ˵ĿԼ⣬ʱֻһ
˼ȥĸϢǰˡûбڭŭŵɲĹִֻ̬ȸӹϡ
ҡһ԰Ʋ죬ֻ̫ˣһ⣬ҲλĴָүүƨĻͷⶼûʾֱӻش𣬱˿ӡ
ͲĶԷ߳ŭֱӰĳȥ
֪ǣڭųڶ麣ҵˣشԷһ⣬֮ڭҲöԷһ¡ڭڶ麣Ʈ޾£ⷴ˽ƣ
ȻڭȴڣҲֻĴ֪ҡּʹ֪ˣûĸҲֻ֮²֪Ϣ
СӸڲϷ򣬡ڭ뿴ҡ⣬׼ȷ˵ҡĺĺٺһЦӴ̿겻ȻɾƷˣϷĻٰɡ
䡱һ´ҡһԴĻϻ˵Ҫ֪֮¡
ڭüɽ̵ϸߣյ˵Щ֮·ңϷڶ麣úõģЩ˵
ڿзɿȦ볳ĺſɲɱ¾֮ü֮ӣΪڶ麣⣿
ҶϵڭϵЦһЩ֪ͺ˵ЩʲôϷӿɱ¾֮ɢȥ
СѾͷʲôʵģڭȡ˸ոյĽѵתͷҡʡ
ĿҡϴתаĶǸӡ
ҡⱻĿ⿴Щ﷢ëԥƬ̣ƳһԵ
ڭָһ˵ˣʰɡ
ҡ֪ڭ־ͽתһƬʱУȫסһпܵĿӣӿ˼֡
ʣ𣿡Ķڭ֪˵ʲô
е˼ڭźЦеĿҡ⣬һâ㣬ڵ㣬Ϊʲôⷬۡ
ҡʶϢĻش˭ҶϣĻһתһ⡣
𣬿Դ



72 
㲻, ڵ㡣
ҡ̸ľﰵ, ѵԭ׽, ֻǳʱ걻͵һ磬ֱǰ׽
ȻˣһЩ˭, ػ׽󣬶ʮȥĶ
껥ֻǣļ䱻˴۸Ĺ
˭ڱٿһУƵһе, Ϊ϶, ͨ񾳴ԼϾС˵Ľȿ, ܽ׽δǧ֮׼ȷԤδ, ˼ֱˡ
һǿɫһ㣬ĵֵô۵ƣȵ, ǿҪĻΨһֵȶĵطʶеŰˣѵǰԭ
뵽ֳֹ֮, ҡϵһ, Ψһ֮ǶӵаǶĻ, С˵ܵŮǷҲаĹͣ
ֵϷһ, ڭ·û⵽ҡⲻͣ任ɫ, ĳԴҶ, һתЩ˵ոǸСӸڲϷֻҪҳͽһϷҪ󡣡
ҡӵڭĻЩֵʣǰ˼ǣҪΪһ£
ֻ˵ڭһ£ѵ
ڭָԼҡ˵㿴ϷֳԱ˳Ϊֵô
ҡʶҡͷҡһŷӦ֮ǰǾ仰Ҫͽ
ԴɵʣǰҪγͽ
һٵĻеѰ죬ϾڻĿɽѿɽ˻᲻ٺ
Ժ֪ˡڭɽٺһЦҡⱻЦŪ﷢飬ʣڭָһΧʱ±ң˲صС
ҡûֵǣһϢڡ
ڭԺЦЦĶ˵ħѪʯϷͽ۵Ϣ㡣
ǰ˵ûħѪʯȻòϢ
ҡ΢ǵΨһǿħѪʯڳĸ׻ħǶȥħʵħѪʯ
ꡣ
ħѪʯ˵ħ޲TıԴѪ޲TħΪʥħѪʯ˵ħʺû꣬ħ嶼Ҫըˡ
⼸Ǻħ԰
ɫδ̫仯ֻ΢΢ЩĸǰҲҹ
ڭЦ˼Ƭ̧̣ʱѾƽЦõħѪʯݷǰ
߰ɡڭͷĻӻ֣Ҷɻ˷ϡǷҶֻ֦ҡķչڭһŭֹס
ҡ㣡
ҡ̲סﴽλƢȤϵ̫ħԸŹֵĶӹͷ
Ҫζɶ麣ڭн̸Ͱ÷·𲻴ڵĺջģߵʡ
˵麣޷ɹ麣׼ȷҵڭλã
ҡ⣬˲У˰κڿڣҵ黨ˣ
Ȼ©˵ףҡ⻹Ǳ⸱ȻƲƲ죬ɻʣʲô黨Ҫ黨ʲô
̧ڴɤһ˿ɳƣҲˡ
̹ЩʾҡЩӦ㶲ŸɰͰ͵ʣʲôҪõ黨
黨ɲ˵ҩ
Цһû˵˵ѾߵߣһȡһҰ׹ۣ׽麣С
ֵǣҰ׹۾Ȼûгȥ
ͷ𾳵ţ֮ɵĶۣǰʦֲϣΨһ麣Ķۡҡ׹۵ʱ򣬶Ľ
аɣªвУ
϶ۣͷڵϵҡ⣬īü΢̧ʶ뿪麣·
Ļҡû̬ĺѾƮ˶ϡ
ҡҧҧ´ڶϡ
֮ǰã̤ϰ׹ϣһϢԴԴϵĴӰ׹ʹȥİƤǵţʬǵϢҲС
Ҳ֪ǴʦƵģ׹һָİ·ٴķҲ޷
ҡ˶ۣҲĬĬ˼ڲԵЩӵոȡ׹۵ĺʮĬڶ۵βףٿŶޱ޼ʵĶ麣кС
һֻеݵǰҡ⽫̾˿ɡ
ոĲ̽һ£˥ߣͨ˥ߵزˣҲ֪ôƵġ
һŵĹ黨ӹһ˿죬ҡ쾳ҵ黨ûδʲôϣû뵽ҵ
û˵ʲôҡ࣬ȼ鷳ˣ
ҡ򴽣ָ֧°Ŷ麣ɤ˵ǶԹȼжҪȻô߶̲סֱӶ֣
ͨ˵߾˼ҲᵱڶС֣û뵽ԶӶҪҲҪץߡ
ȼϢص̫ʵҲ˽顣üšﻮһɫ
ҡȻŤͷüʵ壬ɷɺ촴죿
û´ĻȻӦúĹľǰ˵ġġйء
ЩĿҡ⣬ƺʵе֣Ƭ̣ȷ˵δ˵촴ɹҲһܶûС
ľأҡ׷ʣȻľľļɣǿľ볤Ļкܳһʱ䡣
ҺڹżпһֹŷüĽƳҡ⣬ƽ˵תΪ壬ת֮мƣǸӵ˱һҺУ֮ǰ̣ȵܳסľ֮ʱɴֲ߽ڡ
ҡ΢Уô˵ȻпֲģʹӲ塣
Ȼѵãǲɫ
Ϊ֮ǰḶ́һҩЧҵҺֲĺӦҪһ꣬Ҳ˵ǸӳǶʱգҪճܳιǵĥ
ҡⲻԴ˸սȼҲΪһôİɣôһ˵еϣȻ塣
˼ģһЦȻһת㣬Ըĥһô
ҡⶢ۾κתͷĶ麣ЩģңҲ֪ξ񡭡ֻǼˣôû廹ڡ
壬ûֻѪĺйأѪӦò
̫ħᣬеӡ
ǣȼҼȻѾ壬ΪʲôƴҪľѵǹȻʲô覴ã



73 
ߣ̿Цҡҡͷ, ڵͫǰĹâ, ˼˵, ˵̫ȼˡ
ҡŤͷһȡõı, ü΢̧ƲѲɹȼٳһλ𣿡
ʮܴӴͻƵڵҲʮָ֮ȼ浱꾪޾ţʮճɵ, ȼҲ𽥷չΪ޵һ塣׽綥׸, ȼҾЩķչ׳Ҳ߰λ, ô˵, ȼڣٳһλ
ȼŵ۵ǿ, Ҫٳһλŵ۶չˣȼҵ˼ŵ۹֪
ƺҡʣζ˵ŵ۹һϵڷӳ֮ǰ˵Щ, ŵڲڧ, Ϳȶ˭ȵǶˡ
˭Ƚϣҡ֧°, ʡ
˵ȻǺ, ĵ»覴, ӳʥ, 걻ȥһǣԴʧ˸ȱҲƾУӳ֮Ȼʤһ
ڻɹȼеҪľ²ֹ޸覴ãиĴ㡭üͷ˸ƺЩʲô
ҡ⽫ĻһȦ쾳ڹȻʹǸͨһŮ˵ıӰֻһӰתһָȴ·ӵлصΰ
С˵ȻʩչУҲ³˿ڲɽ֮УûйͨκϢ
ȻʩչǸͨ΢ǸӰӡ
ҡüͷ΢ϸǸӰЩȷĿڣһϮ£ǿӰһ޿ƥеơ
û˵꣬ȻϣɫףˣҴѾµ˭
ɫ΢ģҡ֮ǰڭõħѪʯȥҲ˿ɫ䣬ֻһķӦôǸӰʲôˣ
Ƭ֮ɫָۣƺ˵
˺ĶԷȴ˵ˣҡƲƲŲԣεεʣͲˣҽ֪Ķ㣬ҲܲҴѽ
۽΢Ĵ³һ仰֪
롣ҡԥĴ
֪ҲԣƫͷƳһۣǸһ޵ЦҴһһֱ˭𲻳Ϊֹ
ҡɴۿ촽ֱգ󲻷޵ĺһۣ֮ǰҲ㲻ϢħǼˡ
֪һֱѼͭƬϢǡС˵ħֹһҪҵͭƬϢ˼˰ɣ
·˵͸¶ЩϢѵΪ̽Ϣô
ҡ.ĥ鱨˲һתȻסĸ첲ȻһЦ˵
ƣԭĵòȻΪһŸΪ޶˵ӡѪͼѾвʱգǹԵþĶǣ·Ҫ߬ס˵ƿضԷ
ĿḶ́΢΢Щҡקĸ첲ûüЩѵƿߣĿֱããĶ麣棬ħħԶŲųֵģ洴˭
ҡһһ϶ԥ˵Ů洡׽粢ûŮˣûνŮˡĴ˵·ĳһͻȻĳġ
û˵˵
׽һش٣һǻĹĩڵ֮ս˺̫ħױڲ֮ҲǻĹ֮Զųڣ嵮ʱλƵŹСʱڡ
ڶشսʱ򣬴˺ʽ΢׳ħ㶦ɴ˲Ϲţ嶦ʢ֮ʱλʥȴʹҲᵽʱýԺ嶼֪ǵ˭
ҡƺģʷЩɻʣᵽȥ·Ҫ廮һ㣬ǼȻͷ壬ΪҪ廮ޣ
λ˼һȺ񶼲²͸Ҳ𲻳Цҡҡͷͫʻһ˿˲²͸
Ϊʥˣҡһʶҧҧ´ɵʣΪ֮ϣ
Ŀҡ⣬Ƴҧģ˶ٲŴħʣ϶кϵλħ涼ںϵ
˵ЩңǸӰǴλϵʥˣҡü
˵ȼλһ棬Ҳ¹ȼҵͨԼ̥ڴˡΪͨڲų֣Ҳ²͸
˵ô࣬ҡʵѾĲ²⣬ȻĿǰֻӴߣǸӰͲ֪˦˴ڶ٣ӦñڻҪɲ⡣
Ȼ˵ˣٸһϢҲ޷ҡ⣬ĵ˵Ůĵһλ˵λʥ˵ĵӡ
ҡȻʯ䣬ɢҵߺȻһ
ȼλʥжݽŮλ飬ľʺŮȼеѰľЩɵļ£λ˹ϵ
ûǴŮȻ빬ܣԹȼҪľӦ롶Ů޹ء
Ůϵʥ˳ϹϵǡŮķҪһᣬƫƫȻȴԼҵġһ䡷ӵͬʺŮ̫Ϊ粻¡
Ҳ˵һ䡷̫Ůһܿȼҡһ䡷Ĳ֮
ȼҲѰľǷ񲢲Ҫٳһ𣬶ϵʥ˵ĸ߶ȣ
ҡΪͻȻð뷨һǹȼǷӵõʱͿʼı
Ȼ游ߵõĶڹȼҵ֮У
뵽ȻЩ֪֮ϵľ磬ЩѾڳıγΪϵʥˡ
ͬвͬĶܶעϲˡ
ϲ˶ˣ˶㲻ϣֻĳЩĳ롣
ҡץø첲ۣƫͷҡȻ׵üôˣ
ҡعѹֲ²⣬ǿһЦͷֱӿϣ˵ªţһ֪Щһʱû꣬һ
ĶŪñһƿ԰׵ԭâһ˲ƣã֪Ϊη̧֣Լϡ
ãã麣һ޼ʣȥ˺ˮ̿ʲôûУ˳ӿ֮Եƽ
κһŮ𣺡ͶұҲһϢ



74 
ҡⱾ뽫ڭҪһѵ¸, ȴ뻰Ҳ˵·˸˽ơ͵һֱ, 粻
ڭͷ϶ֽţֲôߡ
ĵɨ˱, ֮ʲôҲû֣ܷڭ϶ֽţ޾µ̫ħ̫ˮˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôɻĿȥɫ
˵ʲô, ˵ڭʰ㣬˵ĳҵͱһ
֪Х𣿡ʱ˵ڭ£Ȼ֪ϵʥ˵Ĵڣҡ⿼, ʱһϢ
׽, ȻҲŬ, 沨, Ŀȡʹ׽ľɻ󣬰ɢԸȸҲǿҡʶкϵ³, ƺӦøıһ²ˡ
Ȼҳһţˮ׽롣뻯Ϊ¾սвͨ, Ŀǰ, ҪѡĻ, ʵġ츳߱Ϣͨ, ˵һֱǽȰĴڡ
ȻԴΪԪ֤Լʵ, 濴¼ĹϵƺΪΪһ¶ģ, ò˵ʱǴһ΢Ƶλ
ҪĻȻҪ֤кվͬһ߶ȵʵȥȻҲֻ֪С˵ľһơ
С˵ֻ׷Ϊߺ޼֮أ֮ʲôͲ֪ˣΪʱѾ׽ˡҲ˵֪׽һǧĴ£Щ¶ΧŮ䷢¡
С˵ҡⷢƺһЩ¡һֱѡͳС˵νľһҶĿû뵽һҲֻǸ֡ʼֻһ޷ͨˣΪʲôܵŮѵԴŮ⻷
ʱܵ٩һ£Ǹʵ磬Ӧòʲôǹ⻷
ֱ磬Ů壬ⱾŮƵС˵ȴСΪһϹŴʹŮվ飬ѵʼİŮֻǱŮǿϢƷ򶯣
ƾ󴳽ʱܿȻ˰ǷѾ˼ʱǷ˵
Хֻ˼ʮֻһ޷ĹŮ࿴̸ǰʱ¼ûиЩɼĶ
Х𣿡üһͫʶתתһЩֵҡ˵ûǴϹʱڻƺһλХ𡣡
Ȼ֪п֪⣬գ۾ͶԺһλʮû¶ϹŴͻҡѣ·𵫷׽мѭ£û֪ġ
λХ𣬡ҡ⳯üһЦǲǲХ𡣡
۽ӻһ˿죬û˵ƺϢ
ȥĵȥĶûжԸոҡ˵֮κλӦת֮ǰԼʴ
ҡⲻż֪ϢʮϵĻش⣬нһ϶䣬˵üµļ˾䣬Ϊزˡ
ƬûȵĻüЩ
ѽҲǸôҡװûĻ޹Ŀˣ޾Ϊ麣Ѱλڭǰ
ȻһЩϢ͸¶̫ϢͲֵǮˡ
ǰɡƺûмƽһ˼˵ʣ ֻһֱʲô
ҡû뵽ʷ౵ı壬ЩĹҶԣ壿Ȼ񰡣ʲô
ЦЦĶЦһش𣬲絽˴ס
֪ʲôҡͷԴʡ
磬Ǿʹ϶俪ʼ𣿡ȻսһɵҩҡǼ⣬һֻ黷ϣէһ·סһ㡣
ķɫŲ̬Ĳ԰ףҲʧѪɫŵ⣬ǹĮʺȻаȻûҡⷴӦ±֮ǰǸĹӡ
˵ɡסɫֻϵ֣ۣЩ䵭
ҡ⾪ɲĿոۻˣһӴӺȻɹʮаӡ
ǲ˵ˡۣ۾϶ҡ⣬ֹ̬ǴǰǸģ
Ȼۻˡ
ҡⱾʹ㽫ĹϢ͸¶ȻҲóĹϢûҪ˵͸¶ȥ֮ϲ
λصĽŵʲôˣǵڻ治ѡ
ĬĬҡĻȻֲ֮ǰɹȻ塭ʱȷʵһ£Ƭĵʵйأֻλ˵ѾԾصŮȻйء
ĹҲֻǾһ˲ҡеĵ͸¶ϢĵĴ˵Ȼģҹµ֮һȻλľǰ
㻻ĹǴĹõģ˼Ŀҡʡ
ҡգգۣЦһǵڶ⡣
ŮʲôĿģ
һʳվЩͣҡƺû쳣ķΧüЦѾ˳⣬Ҫ֪ʲô뷨
˵Ҳ˵ľǴ֮ģ֮ǰʲô뷨Ϳˡ
ĬƬ̣ȻЦ֮ǰյϢüǰƺڱ޿˼Ϣ
ҡȻһ˾Ȼй¶ͻϢ
ףҲԣʹǰҲ֪ݣѵǱ޿й¶ȥģ
·ûпҡɫ˵ҵȷ̥о˶ֱ඾δ壬Ů֮ǰһӣѡһ֮ŮŮԪʱɵϡ
Ҳ֮壬˵ΪһҪŮӣԪҡи̫뷨
֮Ѱαǿʣ͵˵˶ٲżΪҪԪŮӣΪֻԪŲ˫ʱ
˫ޡȻޣѵǴ˵е¯¯Ҳǿһװص
˵һĬ֮УƬ֮һɵȻⱾֻǱѡķ֮һЧҲ޴ӵ֪ڿ¸òˡ
ҡѯʲô˼ǷѪ׵ķӣ
Ϊ·ûô򵥡̾˿ЩΡ
ԭΪΪѡҲûˣҡƲƲ
嵽׳ʲô⣿ţҲ˳
ʵҲһֱ֪شĪ
ʲô˼



75 
Ҳû˵ڵĶײʲô, ȻҡٶԼȻԸ˵Ҳôɰʵס
ХΪλᱻΧ໥˺ü, ҡ̲ס˹ڼ, ޿һЩϢǺͻĹйصĳܣԼֻ˲ſ֪øһ㡣
Ҳ֪顣ü΢, Ƭ̺̹Ȼ
ҡһɵĿЦһ̧ͷʱϵЦδüʧĪΪ֪
Ϊ֪ҡһĵͷȻûбֳ, Щź, ˽, Ӧûм, Ҳ˵ھ֪ľ´Լǲˡ
ĻȡãǲԾ΢΢·𿴳˼, ˼Ƭ̲Ųæļ˾䣺֪ȻЩҲѲ
ҡ̲סﴽ, ֮ɫ, Ȼ˶Ҫ, Ҫ򵥶ˣĿƵĶ, Ǿ鷳ˡ
εҡҡͷ, Цûʲôʵ, Ұ飬Ƿһʣˣ
ãǷһʡҡ⿴ЩֹǴӦ
˵Щƣ
ҡע⵽ϵϢʱʱޣһҲԪʿгԪתƵ÷·нľͨˡ
ü̲סʵ뿪麣󣬹Ҫȥδ
ոʹ/뿪£ԭ޲úַһͭƬΪõǿͭƬ˲òٻ쾳ķ/
ܱƵ˲ٻط/֪ʱļգҵҲûã඼ʼ˥ߣһʵе֡
ȼԼ㣬ȥһޡޱ˵
ҡֵüޣ
޿ݹǳǣϵ䡣ԼҪһȥҲͲ
ݹǳǣҡȻ֮Ȼ򣬹ֲ˵ڶãȻ䡣
**̵̽ġǳ˸ͨ⣬Ӧþ䣬еԼƻһ֡רŵĽ޴֣ݹǳǳ˵׽һλĴߡ
ݹǳ翣ҵλˣҡʡ
ݹǳǳ׽ҲһλĴһ޷ūӲ̤Լ֮;ǧڣڳ̤ʱƾһ֮޵һţӵһһ޶ĳǳءݹǳǡ
ǳؿʱƶ϶䣬һɨƽǸţǳشɽŴֶǸɵɽǰԮ·
ʱ˵ͽ׵ӣ¶¾һ׽硣Ҫ֪ǸȻֻǶţµʱһλŻһλߣλɽ٣߸飬ʮ飬Լĵ̱һո̤˵һˣֱ˷˼
λ߸ϻȥʱɽŶˡ
֮޵ļѸٹϷ걻ŵԴ˺ôȻҪӣ֯һַݹǳǳ
ַڶȴꪶ飬Ǽڿݹǳǳ˿ö֮νַҲʵֻʣ±ŵλĴ߶˵ϣϵ˱֮
ν߲ôȥλҿݹǳǳĴ߶ʧȥټԼǷ˱ǰݷݹǳǳʱƶĿݹǳǣҲ׽һ档
ݹǳǲңؼμλݹǳǳ˵
뵽취ˣ
뵽λݹǳǳ¼ҡһЩ棬û´λµĴУߵӦ·ӡ׽ܼһλ߲ףολݹǳǳƺϲͣʹҵݹǳҲһܼ
ۣһȣ»Ҫ㡣
ңҡɻĿһʱûתΪʲôܼݹǳǳ
黨ʯ
黨ҡ黨˼壬ʬϵһ黨ֳ֪֮쾳ĸġ
ֻѾʧ˺ֻֻ֪ܶ꣬еаţù黨ƵĶ鵤֮һʱ˻ӰΣ˥Ǹ壬ʲô¶ù
ݹǳǳҪ黨ʲô鵤
*
׹ҡھŻĶ麣Ʈ˴Լգ½ء
ҡһ뿪麣̲ס޿鿴ȼҺ¡
Զ˻ޣԨȼΪԶȥԨϷųɣֻɳλ׷󷴱ֱټӦǲˡ
ǣ޿ֵĻϢ
˵Ϣ
ޡöʵеļ¼¼ֽαԶǿһԨĹ£ϸ̶˶Ϊġ
Ǽ¥ġձߺá֪ЦǸÿޡ
ʲôʱʶǵĳ֮ӣʱһŹֵĿҡʡ
˭ҡ˵ͷӦǳ֮ӣǸֵİ𩣿ʶĿöķˣ⡣
ȥǵʱʶġ˵ֻԶ׷ɱûᵽԨ£Ԩ²š
Ȼ˵֮˼Ķ֪ﻹ˵ӳԨʱɡ
ȻڡˣȲس壬뿪֮˵ҡ⿴˰Σֻ˵仰
ҡⰵ˿؊ģࡣ
£ƺҲû˵üͷ΢˭֪£
ħڣħˣҡеɺδҲ̫Щ 
ջСҡŽԨ׷¸
̸ҡĻӹһ˿âûж
˵ĿյԳѾˣ˽˳ֱдĳǳظȥ
Ϣϣöȷ١ڳڣκȻƳţƳԱߵҡ⣬ЦЦ˵
ҡ⺬Цȷвٺöľ֮ľͲϢٵС磬̥̫ʯ׶񷣣ħɵɾ֥
û뵽֪䣬ȻӵôÿóȥȷѪı
Ȼô˵ѵǿĶˣ



76 
ϾԷΪ, Ͼһ޼ʵɳĮ
ѷ˼, żп޵ɮɳĮв, ҲֻɳĮеͺӹ̿ա
ƬããɳУȻһնЩ֮͡ԶһƿһƥŵĳӿȵڽӲӵɳĮϡ
һ԰˴ӳг, һǰɳתͷЦĶһ˵ܻߵǸþ
üһȻڻþǶʱգҡҡͷһЦ, ûдǻ
̫, ˻þͲˡҡ̾˿, ؿڰԹһۡ
˵, ұϡĴ
ҡû뵽ȤĻϵôɴ, ۾һתס۲ߵ˵ᱡ, ô㣿
ζĿɨһ, ѹ͵ƴ, ˵ĴΣ
ĴΣҡⱻõ΢Ŀһǰڹ˷Ȫ, ƺˡ
׿, Щڵһ, Դǵ˵£û뵽µĹҲСо
һ˼ģȻ̬˵ֻҲ⡣
ã˵ġҡҭҭκһԼû뵽һҲᷴϷ浱ƵĹ
Ͷµж׵ȻĿӲģǼɲ΢΢
ҡߣɶ򵨱ƤЦⲻЦ˵ҶԹµģȤ壬
ûı壬Ҳ֪ıʲôӣһ룬Ȥ
ǵЦ΢ͣû˵ʲô˺ȻԼͬǰȥ
ѾҪӽݹǳǣԼܲһɺֵ첨ڸƮǲԶĲΪԡ
ӣ費Ҫǰ̽һȫվ󵱱磬ҵ뿪һʱѯ
أһȥɡĻشһֱޱһ˿ѣĲ֮εĻѵʲôʵĵط
ڲǰ֪ԭﾹȻӵʱʮĹ·ܵ˳ĥӵ׸ϲĸû뵽˾Ȼͬһ
ɵɵ
Ȼҡ䲻ϹӣƾԤһ˵λûǴ´ġһ򲻽ŮɫҡƷ˽ǰץסӵģ˵·˶Ҫվ
˼֮ʣѾߵ˲ֵĵط
͡ײһεıĤ֮УǰĳҡɻĶһۣĬû˵
ԼһۡĺԺǣݹڵĺһ֪ʲô
Ȼݡһһ̶ı˳ţлֵŭ
Ǽ͵ǱߵǼʰɾҪǱҷĶһ˿ңһٲ˶һٴ򣡡һС˶ݺݵĵǼܲͷڿгһǴ졣
ƺһ.ĺΪףȺܲͷæıǣһĺߵһӣʹļһڵϡ
һԿ⸱ҡ⣬Ȼ֪ǰֳһжǼٵģ̲ס
ǸС˴³ĽǸӳʲôȥɨǣ
ǸһСһĵܽһǣűߵɨ㿪ʼɨ
Сɨ˼ӣܿûȤ˼໰ܿ뿪ˡ
ıû°ɣ뿪󣬼ӱոձĺӵǼǣΧߵĵʡ
Ǽ밤𣬻ɨǸĺͷߣü˵
ıҲɾϵᣬҧסۣû£ǿ߰ɡһȾѪı޺ۻڲѪԭ͹·һҪ¡

ҹĻ·ī㣬ֻ༸ӺһһªĲ񷿣мССӰڽ䡣
磬ıˣҲ𣿡һϸڵĲ©¹£ϡԱһСݵûһСһ˫۾Եô
һĺ嶯˶촽˶ֻɬɬ˵˾䣺ɣɣ˯ɡ
磬Ҳ𣿾ıСκСʡ
ģǲɣɣҲ
ǸӺȻ죺Ҷֻһ㡣
ĻƺӣֻҲû˯ţʼ
˰죬ƺˣ
ƺ˺ܾãǸСС˵粻
粻˭ɣɣ

ǶãöڲݴСĴ˵ɣɣԪཧͽˣӳȥȥЩˣ
Щ˻𣿡СŮϣĿ⡣
ӹɵɫĿ⣬͵صͷģ˲ӦҾȥǣ
ţɣɣҲȥˣСŮĵ˵һ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾ϲõĹâ
ԪڣǸĶţҡ⿴ǸСŮڿݹǳǵĵطֻǰСѵǡݹǳСʱ
ʶĲĿ·𿴳ʣĬĳͷ
ҡ뵽Ԫڵ³úԼһȿĹ£ݹǳǳߵ֮·û˵и硣
ڼ粻ɫĴ̽Σһµҹӳ˸ۡ
ССӰǣڿһ˵Ĵϡ
磬ӳˣСŮȸԾŸ硣
ȲȳԪڵ˵ٳūӡ˷ֿ϶ֻᱻץ
͵͵˾ͳһͷ֪˼죬Ԫڵڵ˳ཧǡ
ؤСվһȺĺۣߣһֹߵǰ̽ϲ鿴һ۾һ̾ããã
СʳڣԸҳԪڣ
翴żˣȻ̫˼˿ľһ˿䱸˵˼ܽԪڵԪڵĵ𣿡
ȻƾСѵʲ˵洫ӣŵǰ϶£˸˵Ľ͵
ȻǲĻ˶ˣĵ˵Ҳȥ𣿡
ĵĿСŮץһ̽ҡҡͷ˵Ƿʣʺ
УòȥҲȥˡü˵
СؤĪҪʶ̧٣볯Ԫڻܽأԭǰ渺ʵĵ̲ס졣
ūߵūߵĴָŸĺ󱳣õ·Լܿһ֡
Χһūһըˡ
ūôܺվһأǰţ
ס죡üëһ壬ɨˣԭµ˲ʧ
ЦеĿŸ磬ɫ˵ھҳԪڵĵӣҲ֮飬һسԪҲ޷Ҳзˡ
ҡ⿴ǸüЩܾЦбʲô



77 
Ǹһ, ݻūƾʲôþͱΪŵӣ
˵, Ǹ, ûѪԵǼȮ죬ȥŵ֪ˣ
ٺ, ǿɱ𼵶ʣǸǻһء
˻
常ŵһ£֪һЩϢ͵, ˿ɱ⴫Ǹū壡
˻, 壿Ǹū
ǹؼ, ȻΪ˵»ϡҲ֪ǳԪλʦ, һλʦһǰ˴ˣֻԪ˻λĶӰǰɽʧ, ֻʣһ̶ȱһֻǿ
ʦΪ߽ǣϧôһʵĶûСⲻ, ǰ, 츳ų̂, ʡ˶鷳
˵᣿
ٺ, ҿû˵ʲôܵߵ, Ƕҫ, Ȼҫֻһ**
ݽ棬־Ǽ֣ôɲݽչҪأٲ
ԶȥƬ̺һССӰԱߵļɽ߳뿪ӰãȻĵŴ۾޴ܻסĵط
ȵ˰ȵڻˡ
ɣɣȥˣʦ˵һգ۾ܶˡһŵ۵ĸ˶òһһš
С׺ᣬܵǰק½ǣС˵磬ﲻãߺòá
ǰü۸𣿡
ǣҡҡͷĻһֲĸĩ˵磬Ƕôã϶ҪʲôĶԽ࣬ҪߵĶҲԽࡣ
ʲôǶᣬһСƾֱ˵Щ۸ضͣϧǷʣȻ϶Ҫ
羭ʱľѾǻ˼ǹɰһ˲仯ΪҰܣƬ֮ȭǿһЦ ģ¸֪ˣҴӦҪúչ㣬Ҳµġ
Ҳܳ¡СӲš
ûȸ˵ţʦܣʦ㣬ȥɡ
ɫ΢䣬õͷ˵ɣɣԹԵȸ
Сҡͷק·֣̾˿·óɣɣ˸Ǵȥá
绹뿪ˣСȰȣϵȵ죬ִӰȵϣûȵ˵Ҫĸ硣
ȵ죬̲סܳȥĴżĺ磬ģ
ڴõ˳ֹ
Ҹģ㿴Ҹ𣿡СͷӵĴ
֪ʲôʱлûķ˽üɵ
дֵ̲ס˵˵áǸ
Χ˹֣Χָָԭá

꣬ˣʲôˣҲ˭Һʦմ״ʵġ
ǼҸܸܲҸȥˣСﱻôΧţʡ
˵ЦСã粻㲻ˡ
ˣҪ죬ɢ˰ɣõɢȺȻüС˵ȥҪܣȻ
㣬Ҹ絽ģ˸ǰǰͷſǻ˵ĵĴ磬ҸȥҪȥҸ硣
λʦãȥ˲Ϊָһλûߵˣͷ˵
ҡ⿴СƤһƬĶͷŵüʼûɿֱ滹и˳ݺ·
˵Ҫ磬߰ɡһߵСסĵطۺϷʵĴСȥһߵķ塣
СѾͷ˵ҪҸ磿ǰ˺͸糤һģһȴȻͬ˵Ϣһ߰ĺһ롣
硭СЦȻΪ־壬㲻Ҹ磬Ҹصȥˣ
硱ЩüӸߵŮһӣ⸱ģ
Ůɾ硱̧°ͣһζû뵽Ȼòã治
С֣ڰ׷۾ſ־ãۿһεỨ㣬Ҹ绹Һòã
ÿˣǹһĪЦָŮȥϴɾҲ²ȥ֡
/ͯ񱣿ҡ̲סƫͷܵ÷θԪ£˭֪类ᣬռ˵壬öŹֱɥΪиүү޼ɵ
ൽʲôز
ԪڣֱӸϾѾˡеݹǳǳΪʲôںɱϳԪڡ
վԱߵ˻θ첲ҡ֪ķſӣֻѾòӡ
üŻ󣬸ҡ⴫뿴ͷʶ
ҡҡͷȥ
СﴩŸջ·µڴ齽磬㵽ģ㲻Ҫɣɣ𣿡
Ҳ磬һ˸߽ɨСһֶЦ
㲻Ҹ磬Ҹ绹ң
̫СˡЩĿ˿ڵ壬ȥ
Сһ־ĿŹˣſǻ磬
һ硱ƺ˸ʶǰġ硱ȻĿԴ·ڽ棬ʱŭмʱŵǱˣʶȻʱĿȨ
ѵĿԼ֣ɽȡɣɣ죬ߣ
磬磡С￴ŸΪЦбŷǰδе貹â˵
ɣɣĻߵԽԶԽãߣСһзѳɽŵƺһ޵Ǵ
磬һߡС˺ѷεĺŸ磬۾ᣬһεڷϡ
ţͻţǵøĻǲ粻
ʹıԴ漴һѵڲϣߣ߰ɡ
֣ˣ۵ֽȻ̧֣ͬʯװ
ɣɣɣɣúûš
ʯһ⣬С⼲۶ȥɽƵϢŷһ·ͨķɳ˳Ԫڣ֪˶ãʯΪҷɣһֱڵϡ
Сﱻáۡ һ³һѪĴӵμסĻǴһ߿һɽбܡ
磬硭ɽܺڣӰӰĺڰΣգһСŸһܣƺܴ



78 
һ¹īҹĻ, ¹ں֣ҵ΢İ׹·𻹹׵, յïܵɽһ졣
Ҷ, Ұ޿ʼʳʱǵһССӰɿּ䱼ܣһ˫̵۾ںڰ쳣, ˫۾ҲڷƶҾԽԽ
Ҫ׷ңҪ׷ҡ磬硭Сﾪʧڰ, Žĵҩһ, ǿŵҩڰС顱һը, ƮúҰޡͨڵϡ
̵ںڰеҰʱֹͣ˽, СǰܣҰڷʳֻεҰ, ҲҰ޲Զĸ
ĵҩԽԽ٣Ѿȫ֪ǲϢζ, Ұ޽ĸ
Сﲻ֪ƣ, ٶԶԶȲҰ, һٶȼӰȥڳ˵ʶһݵԱһ, ܿѾҪץצӡ
ĵǡһƬб, һ·, ϵĹԡʯƤǹѪζ˸Ұ޿
޾֮·ֻ첻С޸бһεĶѨֱӹ˶ѨЩβҰƺڱܻ䶴ѨʲôŲҿѨ
СѨͷݺݵĿĵһʯϣײһǵ˿ڣڽϵıл˹ȥ
Ѫȫʯϣʯ߲ͳͳɡʳСѪҺ֮ʯһɢһĵİâ
ѪʯӵƮͶһϣСϵ˿ۿɼٶȬ
ͷҡⰵ˿ǿʯƺͼڣҲ˵ҵǶξڹȥˡ
Ȼʵ֤̫򵥣ʯСﲻС֮Ϊ˻ʯϿɲ֪˶ٿͷЩĥʹ˶һܿסȴһԵļ
·һɿ֧ľ类ɳ飬񣬻ֱӵҫ۹â
*
ǧж೤ѻΪһgڴ˵ǧ겻ǵָһӼ䡣ԪڵĴʦΨһӲǰڣȥĳؾһֱûϢȻӲ£ﻹЩ
ѪԤһ㶼ڲõĽߵĲ
ʱ֪ɽ˹
˵ҶҳԪɽŴ󣡡
˵Ȼʧȥϵǿжϣ֮۵³һѪ
ɳһ޴ĳǳڳԪϷ
֪λѡû˵꣬һĿѵĶǰ
ʾ
ȻֵŮŵӵԪ
ߣڼˡվڰյŮѪӣΪܸ֪δɢĽϢ
λǣ־ڶԷҲֻҧŭѹ¡
ŮŭյԪĵ̾ԭҸҸģǧ꣬ϣû
һθ磬ҲǴףĸҲزˣҲ֧ȥΨһ
ʲô磿߾ɲĿǰİĴߣȻ뵽һǧǰʾĳθ˹˵ǸŮˡ
ūãѿڶ
ĺռеūǧ꣬ǷծչҪġŮޱ˵
ߺ޺޵ĵȻնݲ紵£һǲʼΪһ粨Źǲһǧǰʾʱץնɱɳȥ
˭뵽һķˣȻǧڡ
ѪҲûн͵Ŀܣֱӳ͵ϮӵԪ񡣴֮ҲԨ֮һΪ˼˻вһոս˵ļˣ
ںֵĶԪ꣬ûжԪ񷴶ţüݵɽ壬ѹŭƼѵ˽˶ԹѷŹ޹
ҸҲ޹ǵԪ¿һΪ˵ŮӵͷҵȺһЦʵ˵ҽΪѪϴԪڵġ
ȴ·ŴʬɽѪȻɱ⣬޷ԶѪԶ裬Ѫ䡣
ʦ/ʦ棬ҵ㣡Ԫڶɽ١顢ڵĸȫΪ
Ů֣˫ԶԶȥʵƯӨ޳ʮָ⣬·쾫ĵʯɣ覡ϸϸ΢̺ۣЩ̺۾Ȼ˴ҲʧҲ֪Щ꾭ʲôŻˡ
żһӲˡ
ɢźƴϢĳǳغ¡¡ĳǷԭסŮӵĳԪڳϼֱӱǳзųϢ޷ϢԪס߻ŵ˳˳Ԫɽš
Ůηӭߣû־˫ֵļͳ̶ȣµķ
֮ԪĶϵͳͳ£ΨһһǱˤڵϣָѵĳ嵽ŮǰŭˣϷͬھ
ŮӲ֪ʹʲôͨгҪԱԪ񣬷̵˵ֻɱĶϵĵӣȴģԪΪᡭֻûӦͲ
ԪҵɱԪڵи߽׵ӺԪкһЩͽ׵ӵң
Ůûۣŵ֪ķ򣬲֪Щʲô
Ѿ˰ѪԪڱضʬףϷĳǳĬĬЩδɢĻǡ

ٷ𣬳ִ̫أɱ̫ѳһŴⳡɢһĵϺкƳ̾
ҲɣһȻ
һǳ֣Ǵ淢ġ
Եˣķǳɲ˳ֻǳɱ¾в޹֮ˣΪ󹫵ȴ˹ϺдüĿ˵Ļȴ
˶޹󹫵ǵ˭ΪҸǸŮһЦң˭ǵҸ޹ΪҸһ乫
νҲǿ߶µĹƻҵĹδ̫ЩѵڿƬĮ
ٷ𣬻ųڷӡһңϺаκȻ
Եٵʮհɡ
Ϻ˼Ƭ̣һ仰Ȼȥ
ǾͶл˷ʮˡ



79 
ɡϺߺ, ǸŮ䵭Ŀڵ
ҡ⿴Եһݹǳȥ
ǰһֱΪʲôݹǳǡҪпݹǳ, ֱ׹һɾ޺ǽɵĳǳ, ĵһۣ޾գ֮еĿݹǳ, ɢبźƴϢҡҷ
ݹǳ˵ǳǣסլֵһӦȫ˾ס, ʵסȴֻһλڿյĽֵ, ʲôҲû, Щ졣
еĽǻҰɫ, ѹ֮УҲֻоеĹŴɫʡ
һѪɫĹ
۵ĻҰи˼ĳ
˻е, ҡȻ֪ۿݹǳǳ𣿰һ֧ԶزˣɶΪ˸籨Ԫڣд붼޹֮ˡ
ҡδŨҵĸ, ޷ͬ, ЩݹǳǳΪһŬ, ΪһŬΪΪ, ֻΪһ
̤, ݹǳǳʱ, Լˡ
ֻпݹǳǳָԪڵʱִӹ͸ķ绪һֻڹӵеġ
һǧͲεģ·һɲ־֧ǰ
þûôˡݹǳǳھ޴ϣӸµĿҡ⼸ˣʺ۷·ѪȾһ㡣
ıĮ䣬ҡڻп֪糹ʧйشѪĳҲ޴
ǰ˵ԵɣվװŹ黨С
û뵽ҵ黨ݹǳǳһнץҿΪ䣬Ҫ¡
ָҡ˵
ҡĻƬ̾ȣֻһˣΪʲôҪ
۽΢ɫݵ˵֪Ϊ˷ٵ𣿡
ݹǳǳ˼ĿһۣûлشĻӻֵ̫٣Ҹطס£һΪ䡣
ҡѹɻֱ˹ЦЦٵһΪ
û뵽ת־ͰˣԣǴһʼ;ϲ⣡
֮ǰȷֻǸ²⣬ɣ治ɫ˵ڲȷˡ
ȷȷʲôҡⱻθڡֻǿݹǳǳĵ̣ڴߵƤ£ǲ̫ҷٸʵס
ƾݹǳǳôЩ磬ǲԼİΣĻЩ裬Ӳ֪ôģѡͷ᲻ᱻɾ
ȻӦҲűĿģò˵˸
ԼǸܵҡĲڳڰ˸Եɡ
ǷѾͶ̥תˣҡһ⡣
ҡⱾͷȻ类ᣬ϶궼ˣ궼û˺תһ˵
ûһģһˣΪΨһģʹתѱĥת֮Ȼһ꣬ҲԭǸˡ
˼ǣҡŲ˼飬֮ǰĸŸոô鲻
ü΢ָãǴǰҲȷĵط֮²̽Ҳỳɸ黹ڡ
ΨһĽǣ׶ʱʲôһʼ̵ıʹȥǧ궼δĥ𡭡Ƕ룬һǧŵڣԭʵе
ҡȻ·˺ݺһײۿ΢ᣬ֪˵Щʲôʲôס鲻ǧꣿǷĲá
һΪƴһΪ鲻ֿԽѪԵʱĸ飬ʵڽ겻ѡ
ΪֻŬû뵽ҲڿĽ˭Ҳ˭
˭ҲöԷʧ
ҡһգգۻɬ۾ǷٵΪ˷еǵ飿вͻὫǵ鳹׻ȥ
˵˵Ψһʶǰ£Ȼ¡ܻϵУʧǻԵĴ
ǿнĽп鳹ʧ
Ƕ۴ʱѪ칬Ҳӭһλ֮͡
ڤ̫ðˡһϮ£ҡڳ˵ᾪģʱһģһ
еڤҲʮΨŮ֮һ֮ס
ݹǳǳȻĿһۣޱ˵ڤҲڤǿݹǳǳɣɣ
Ůû磬ͭϵǵ΢飬̾˿㽫Сץ̫ðˣǡȻʱûоѣ޲Tܲ֡
޲T仹֪ںδѳʱԶˡ
ɣɣͭƣħǸСڣ޳ߣ̽ħǷħ֮УץǡǸã
̫ļˣ޳δɳǶ˻δʤһ컹õ·ҪߡŮε˵
۽Ƕ㲻ȥɣɣ˸⡣
ŮĻ㶣κ̾˵ģ㲻ڤҲǵ۽ĥʣµǸǼʹҲԶ
۽ֻһ˭Ҳᣬ૵˵ΪЦһ㣬Ľ㣬ٻϣ²ȫ顣
յͭϵ飬ҡǲ²ĸ飬һ´ˣѱֻǵ̫٣ȫԸ
Ѿ꣬ϣһܿ㵽ɣɣͭƣǣһǳǳЦ
Ц洿⣬·صǶΪܰʱ⡣
ŮӴ۲֪ЩʲôƬ̧֮ͷɣɣ۾ʣ۾ûã
ɣɣ˶٣νҡҡͷӣһðɡ
ܶǰҲ뿪Ԫںһ硱֪ѾʧѪᣬӴԺֻܿҰ׺Ѫɫ
ҲǴǸʱʼʧȥȨ
ʹ˵ħһᣬͻŮɫͫ̾
ɣɣЦЦﻹ죿
Ůָָ棬˵ôʵﻹ޷׽磬·/˵Ҫѡ
λ׳ôһű֪ж˱ƭתǸСײռ¯ƬҲ֪ǲɣɣü



80 
Ů뿪, ɣɣȥƫġǶһ۴һݰ׵СС
С˫Ŀ, ϸܵĺ, ֱĴָ΢ִ£Ͻüİʾʱá
ŵת֮Ȼж֮ɣɣ۵, ޱ㼸£󱬷һ⣬һâͺͺԴƮ
ǽâûһվڵϵɣɣ, 黨״΢Ц
һħ, һɷ, յľأɣɣŽ, ڡ
ٷ𡣡ǽ˾š
ɣɣƳ۵һһصػꡣ
ĳŵ黨, ·˳Ľףɫʧ
ȻбĿɣɣվڲԶ, ֪Щʲôԭվ, ֱ, Ŵڳеҡˣƫ
˵, ָһ˵ȥɡ
ҡ⿴Щ, ֮ǰݹǳǳֵĶԻ, ֪˿ݹǳǣû뵽Ȼ
ֻ󣿡ȿ۴ȻɣɣָĴü΢дζɫ
ɣɣɫĿǶתֻЩƣš
΢ûжԣ̤Уϥ۴
ҡԣ˵󷨶˽⣬֮ڱ޿˲飬תûв鵽˵ֻе˼
һƫŵлΪʲô˵ƫź˼Ϊлֻħáۺ飬ǶǣֻתͶ̥ħеرĵط󲻹ֻعܣֱƮħԨ
ת󵽵ʲôãȻֻƣǲҲħйأ壬ΪҪһרΪħл󷨣ͽбȻϵ
ƽʱôˣξȻʲôûʾհ죬ôԾ˵ݹǳǽ䣬ҡȴûô򵥡
ɣɣվһԵҡ⣬˼Ƭ̣ȥŰɡ
ҡ⵱ڵعĻþвδʶ䣬˶ԿݹǳǳҪʩչĽʮֺ棬ĮǲΣԹԳƫ
֪ΪʲôͬǴڣȼҵžԶ߸ѹԶԶȲϿݹǳǳ
ԼΪͬԶȻǴߣȼɽһ·˳˳ˮͿݹǳǳ־ĥѣʬɽѪĴȣࡣ
ҡ׿Ҳ¾ޡڶ麣ĵĲ϶ֱڻû뵽취޲һζħٻա
쾳Ľûûͺˣʶܷҵ֪Ķİ
ʶ˫ü֮䣬깴ླܿʶԽʶԽʶĿ൱ܴﵽľ롣ԪʶһһǧҡʶԼͨԪʶĵһȦҵŰ
֪ǲ˴ƬԵʣҡŰƺЩ仯ɫ֮дһǳǳɫСĵ˿һҪҡ˼ûС
ɴסʲô仯֪˶ãһ˿
һζĴӰɢҡŰЩ弸ɡͬʱһ󼤵ҡ㱼Ӱпһ⣬ǵеһ⣬Żبźڰ
ܾǵЩ죬ƺĶʱû˼ЩɢĴ屻ɣȫЩ֮С
ҡʱ޼֮ءħԨŻĶ麣죬춼Ӧʲô޼֮ƾһףħԨӿ޾ŻĶ麣ˮӿһ̾ΨƺʲôûС
һ˲䣬ڰס׽磬Ȼڰֻգۣʿע⡣ţ׽ʲôΪʿ֪һɼȴŵ־־
֮˽١
ĳؾ֮е֪ڰı仯־ɫһ䣬ɫ֪ĵʲô
ҡȻУѹû־ѹֿݹǳǳվǰޱĶ
û˵ݹǳǳ˵
ҡѹ¾һɻĸƫӳľڵϣ֪
סˣȥûҡⷴӦʱ䣬ɣɣָһҡĵˡ
鲻ϣֲںδأɣɣüЩʧ
*
ҡۣľһƬѩ֣һشɢűϢĴ׻ӭ䣬ϸСĻѩһء
ĪĽ˺һڼ
ﲻĸĸǰסĞѩԺ𣿾˵ŨʱڞѩԺԺ¼ϲѩ
ѩǱԵ黨ֻкÿһܣƫƫһǧƷʯΪһЦν˷ƬѩֵʱҲǧɽһĽ֮ͣʾҸ˵չ
־Ժ󣬞ѩԺͱлƬѩ֡
ҡݹǳǳĻסˣʲô˼
ٲǰߣһ̧ڷһԵ飬ˮˣ
ͷǰֻС֣ҡⳤһ֣
鲻ԽţȻǾΥӤʣ
СȲڱһѩ׻ϣҡüߣ֮ҵ˵
ĻУҡãڿһӰǱ̫һ㣬Ϊվµ̫ꡣ
ҡȻǴԼ߰ССһһģͳе
߽СʱипСԱԣ⸱ĪľףȷΪС
ŸοڴڨӲԶһŭŮ㻹ǲˣҲٿ㣡
ҡĬĬߵĻ£֣ˣ롣
һ޵ĵͳԼڰһӴһЩҡǿ˵ʲô
ݣ㽲ѵΪײļ𣿡
⻰Լִĸ㣬Цһļļȥĺ֪ļһ¶ȥ
ҡⲻɿıûб仯ƺûĸΪҲ˿⡣



81 
ȥʦΪλټ, ´ҾŵҲбˣΪξǲԸң
ΪβԸ㣿ѵ㹼ҵΣ
ҡûȥ, ΪԭվµСȻɫ, ܵûؿڻĶ£ƺżʹ࣬΢촽ΪʹһҲ˵
ι, ôˣȵֱӴ壬˸ա
ʲôʲôҲĻ壿ҲֲոʲôӦҲûС
һֵĲϴ, ʱ·Ҫ˵궳, ȵʱƺռ䶼Ҫ̳һ
Χѩգ֮ȫΪҽ
ǶԷǡġ֮ôֵҡĿѩʧզࡣ
СԵڵ, һ˫۾ķ
ҡһ, ˵ܣգգۡ
ŴЩԥ, գգۡ԰׵ϣ˳۽ͬ÷·ʱҪʧ
, ȥ㺰ˡҡüǰԺ, ոյǴǰԺ, ǶԸĸпճûչ˺ӣ֪Լ岻ûһ˴, ҲĴ
˵, ʷⶼûȫ, ϡͿ˸ĸȻΪҶ£ϲ϶һ·֣ûõĸ׼
̹鸹̣ҡһһߺˣֻûܳɣһֵϣһֱӽקСߡ
ʲô
аߣһֱ˻ȥ˼κֻ֣С֮ڣһɾͻᱻǹֵǿߡ
ʲôС֪ʱѾվɫɲ԰ֽѾٲǹɺȵĲҲʧˡ
ҡߵǰûˣ
ǺˣûнĻ͸һɽ䱸;ǧ֮У˵Ļ⡣
ûô˵ģôոջżҡƲƲ죬ŷҲʵģЦе˵ǲˣŮŶ
ССüĻ
ҡҭҭֵȻң֪ұСֻСʵѾˡ
ܸ֪㡣ֱ̧һߣٵǼĸ߶ȣҡʱߡ
Ҳ󡣡ҡⲻľ죬ûС֮ƺҲࡣ
С򴽣ûƺ뿪
ҡⲻĸ
ֱ߳Ƭ֣СȻ֪ʲôִҪңֺҲΪ顣
Ҳ㣬ˣҲġҡε˵Ե޹ʱŪȴСʱѵҪȥ
УԼ֪뿪һĨڣҲֻһһˡ
ӣôֶȥ˺ԺһԼʮµ˽ĴҴҸϹպС
ַˣŹӲ԰׵鸡ĽŲʧ뱧ȥСľܾ
Լܻȥظš
ĸҷһˣæ֪ͨˣԼҲԶĸ
ҡ±֣һ·ĬĸߣƺСûܲĴڡ
ص䣬ҡ˿ǧɽ˵Ҳ߰λֵ״̬Ҳ֪ܷǵĸ֪
㲻˵±֣⽫ڵǲȥСڵ
ҡⲻ˵
֮ǰеôҲûˣ˵ֻ˺Ժһ·û֣˵ֻܸ֪Ĵڡдλεͳ
˵ƺеҡɫȥЦ˵
ΪʲôһСʱͳԸôı仯ͻ̲ϲȣֱʿĻ

ˣʱһӰ˽Сڻ
ץ֣ü»ʱΪλȻ
û¡ĸױڻС֣ޱĵڣƺһȿǽǸ֮䡣
Զ̬Ȼһ˿޴룬һǿЦȥ
˵ЩǱ뿪ˡ
*
㷢ӣ㲻𣿡ҡɵ˵
תѾȥĸ£˲뿪СԶֻ⣬һ
һʥķ/ȻʥûзǴʥ֮÷/ΪС̫գûȥ
һ֣˵С״̬֮ʵ̫գѩǴȼֱǴ׼Сף֪ܳŹȥԹ߶еľս
ʱؿڻḡִһֵĻɫӽںɫ⽥α䵭ǵɫǣĴӳϸСĺߣЩƤ£𽥲ȫ˷·һʱ緢Ļɽ
ϵϢҲῪʼȣЩƤߣһ±ȣ񿾺˿㽫ƤճһѪۣһӱñ䣬ոձѵ˿Ͻһ˪˷
ĥҡľ˵ͼֲסˡ
գһˡСۣ˵εֽǽ·ƺԽԽأ޷ж
Ȼܱ濴μǿȻҲֻǳ߰ĺӣʮֻ̩֮ɽ治ɫĺꡣ
ҡ򴽣ƶ˵ģұ֤ҲһܳŹȥˡҺ˵ҿ֪ܶµġԺرʮԪ׽Ů㣬
СûмĻһЦξ͵˵ġ
ƢҪĸģƢദԺԿϲҡ˳һ䣬֪ԺԸ񲻴ٱϳʲôţ崺硣
ҲҪܶϲüȻ˶ٲ˵ϲ˼ң
ǵǣһѵС˵ˡ
ŶӦƣۡ
ҡЩĵڵϣʥ˵ܲܳڵĶء
һ֪֡κСȻ˵
ҡ뿪ڣһĪľֹѿڶĻѹģģɵ˵ҵڻܸ㣬ԺȻ֪ˡ
ʧ𣿡ûоֵ⣬˵
ӦûɡҡĬƬ̴ոոӦ뿪ƺ쵽ˡ
С۽޲˲û۾ʲôʱ򣿡ûҶˡ



82 
, ʱһġҡûжЦĳŵ뿪֮ǰ, Ҫ˵Ļ, СʱŤԸʵ̫ɰˡ
С۽ޣʲôҲû˵ҡ˺, оˡ
һſ߽ˣΪ׵һλµĿˣԪ, ǹʵѹȵҡĪĻš
ʥıΪʲôͷ/òһΪֻ޾µӦͷŶԡ쿴ķ/ͺܷ, û뵽ʥȻᡣ
ХϹʱڵĴ, ƳʱҲˡС˼ʮ, ͱּԼ滹๻̼
ֶװ۰ɡ
˼֮, ʥλɨһۡϬ絶Ŀɨҡ⣬һɴβ׵Ǵĺ⣬ż׵һ·ܵԴ, ͷƤ顣
Сüһ, ׺, 游, 
վ, ʥ¡
ǰĶӣö, ơһʥջߣһĨ޵Ц̽ϵС
ףƬ̣ʥüͷ΢šſֱ֣ӿһ뿪ȥ̨
ҡⲻԼжǹȻȻĴ׷ʥĽŲʥ񾳵Ϊգ۵ĹЯС˵̨
˵̨ڣ׵ڡʥûв̽ͺԥĽһڡ
̨ŰƯһ״飬һЩմϣᱻˡʥһ·նߣЩ·ʲôа㣬֮ĴԶԶƿ
ͨͷһ޴ĵɫ룬ǳɢıϢҡʲô֪״̬̲סòһ¡
辫Ѫһáʥ˵Ҳֱ̧һзɳɫľѪɫʮƯ滹žӨĹ⣬һ˳еħ
˻Σ·ڱﲻмָŭԵļơ
ʥû̧һӣʱƾһһɳıСڱϣָξѪĿؿǶ仨λá
Щ游븸ĸſϵ
Сӵһγħʲôʱ򣿡ʥС㼸£ͷҲ̧ʵ·ļҳ
ȴҵĴһγǰʶ⻨
ɲħ޻ʥɫЩŹ֣αչصʱЩãû뵽һؾͷСƺħλǣǵĳЩأûж˵˻ЩǲҲ
ħԨǱԼһԣɲħ޳ʢ֮ʣħ渴֮ʱ
ԭΪֻǾ޻̸֮û뵽һվļ仨ϡ
ط̫խǶȥŰɡʥһתļ˸ϳ
۵ȻģͶճصңĸǰֻ˳ȥ
еۣס𣿡ȼ˳ȥʥ׶С۾ԭĵ̬мࡣ
ܣ澡ܿʼɡСͷȻģ·𻹲Ҫĥ
ʥüһЦοļ򣺡Сӣ֮ãûжϵؾһ̡
һӣС¶ʱʧȥټһдԪӿؿڣЩҫ۵Ϲ⺬żΪϢ·ͼ߶Щʲô
Ƭ֮СؿڵλýһĻǶ仨һ֣Ĵĺ߾Ȳγ
ʥһָ£֮ǰСؿڵξѪȻڻĵλãɫѪƺĹЧɹֹ˺Ρ
ʱСƺһֽ亹ֱһѪԼʹʶҧͷ
ʥţһֱӻСţξѪһ´ɳԭɫľѪȾһ㰵ɫðһ޵ĺ
ţʥ֪ʲôؿǶ仨ȻʼžȻһɫĻ״
ǻʮֹ죬ƺڲϼȡżСɫѾֽˣֻҰܵɫ·һ̾Ҫȥ
治ϷڣʥĶʥóһͭǶɫһգ漸Ҫͭ
ʱǻȻ䡱һǴһɹĲӻд
ãʥɫ΢䣬ջֱֵͭǶ档ָƺ뽫סŻʵ˵ãֱӽǲճһȱ
ۣС͵³һѪĺ೤΢·ʲôѹԡ
һֱԱߵҡҲ˲ʥǷᷢյСǰιѣѣҪ˯ȥ
㻹ǵҸո˵ĻŹȥһжȥġ
㲻֪˭𣿡
ҿҪˣٲ۵ĻҲˡ
ιˡ˵仰֮ʱһᣬʲôƮƮСڡ
յ˫ۣҡ֪̲ס۽ޣϣܶ˶
ˡ
ʥרĶԿǶħ֮ʱظеѹһᣬǶħĪӡסһ㣬ʱ䶯á
Īסħʥ˸ָһ㣬ȴؿڷ·𱻻һشƺ߳
û뵽λˡɫӵĿС֪ĵЩʲô
*
ҡκѹŵĿݹǳǳЩò˵ǰҴҴͷβֻʱûͺȻˡ
˭˵ûɣɣָָ̬󣬡 ƣ㲻ǽһ𣿡
ҡתȻԭ赹ڵصѾվ
㣬û°ɣ˰βŸɰͰ͵ļһ仰
ոôżŲȥֻúúõģѾ߰ʮ꣡
ҺǸֻסħþģȻ˵ĴǶ֪ˡ
û¡ãŵЩƺѹĳƺֻ̫û˵
ҡʱԶ޵ľŻĶ麣Ҳӭһλˡ
ɫӰӶ麣С뿪󣬾ֱȥҡԭĺҲͷ޾ĺ
ȥǾ޾ֹҡȥǸƮǵĵط
񺣵ʲôҲȴᳵ·ֱӽȥƬ̺һ貵Ĺ⻪Χ
һ޴ˮҫ۵Ļ⽫ˮ쵵ɫʣҲеյ硣
Ů餣Ȼͣ½ŲЦһɣɣѾͷ͹ȥˣҲ֮ǰһ³ӡ
˵ڱֽŽҡȥ˹ȥ֮ʱӡסħס޲TĽŲ
ߵǰһ餸ǻƿȹ餸ȫƿ󣬿ԿһλŻӾ档
һλΪӣˮʣȴ˿޷ȥĹʡÿһʶǡô·Ӱĺã˾̾ѡ
ѰܿǾͻټġŮӿŹеˣ⡣
鲻Խḧӵգ˼ŭжû˵ˣٽѵ㡣
ң֮ǰǰǰռȻȴѣҲҵĺô޳Ĳ֣ó׽׽ľ桭
ǴһЩ֪Ƚ޳ΪЩŲɵ֪Ŀģ֪¶ʲô飿
Ů߶߶ĺ͹е˵κƺ˯̫ٳûзӦ



83 
ŮӼ뿪ŻĶ麣֮, ֪һԵľ޾¶һǳЦҲԵ, , ձһԵɡ
һӣһż޾ڣԭֻ򵥹ͨľ޾Ȼԣл㡣
㣿Ů޾ĳƺЦһ, ˼Ҳʲô㲻ܰ׽Сһճ˺ĵһԸ档
˵Ҳͣ, ֱӳ˶麣
㽵ٴ˽, Ҳ˵һź粻֪ĸ򴫳
ŮӲδ¶ı, ƫͷڶ麣ϷİŮ, ĵĿڵʱˣء
ü΢, ̾˿޲T㶢ϣ֮ҡ
, ˵һ, Ůҡͷ, е˵Ե, ǵĲҡ
ǲ, Զǰ, ݸһЦ㱾ڴҴԼû취һտҪˡ
أԿͳԿ̫ļŮεЦһһжȡɲϵӦ뵽еñʧʱȰ㲻Ҫѧ޲TȴΪں㣬񳢵ͷȻ쿪áͷǻ㾡һա
ɫ΢䣬ڽĿ˻˵мֵ㣬תʱգվʸûС˵쿪ҲҵϣȴҪ˭죿
Ůһ̾ͬ˵棬ûҪͬͣɣЩ곤˶١
˲ʧڶ麣Ӱ׽ա
ƸƼԻһǧĴս֮нУ˱ļλڰս׽Դһ֪
޵Ŀݹǳǣɣɣҡ⡣
֪Ϊô޲Ŀҡ⣬ҡ²͸˼
ǰҪٵ𣿡ҡ֮̽ǰһ۹ݹǳǳпΪ˷ٵ
ɣɣü΢˵ȿ޿졣
޿죿ҡⲻԵ޿ڣط޿춼һˡ
...֮˽־ʲôʱ£ҡ⿴һͷڿݹǳǴ˼죬ôȻͲһˣ
ж˭ôҪ
һ֮ʱ䲻ҡⱳһ䱸˼
ǰ˻Ǻ⣿ҡʱＤκˣ֪Ĵڣ
ɣɣŲæ˵ʵа仰ֻ֮˲Ÿ֪ǰУ޳˻⣬һ֮޳ǽ⿪֮ٵı޳
޳ʲôҡЩɣʲôڻ¶ɽһǡ
س֮ʣή´ʮȻܻγʮֻһӹܻˣȥһ޳ΨһɿƵĶ
ɣɣЩҡ𵱳Ĺõʱ𿴼ĳȷʵһߣһһΪ
ȵȣ⣬һΪҡԺЩҳһ̱塣ڰ֮ԼǵĪ죬ƺкһİڣǲζš
һ޳ϡɣɣĻҡը죬һƬհס
޳Ĵζʲôܹʮʮŵܻ޵ȫջ۵Ĳ򣬶аδܻĴֲ˶
ҡǿģһԼǰڿЦ𣿡
ؽţ޳Ȼѡ㣬κ˶޷ʹɱҲ޼¡ɣɣޱĽ͵
ǰ˵Щν£ҡ⵽˴˿̷ƽĻǼ٣Լ棬Ҫǵϸͱ˷֣Ҳˡ
ɣɣƽ˵֮ѣν˵ֻһ٣ٲôΪ˰ƶⳡٻǰ٣չΪ١
γ֮鲻Ϸ׳Ϊˣ˽֯γ֮Щìܺѻһ̶ȣƻƽ⣬ĳ»᳹ױǡ١γɡ
׽羭٣Ҳش٣һ֮սĵһش٣һ֮սĵڶش١׽Ԫˣδ׽
µ٣ǧع磬ʥٽ󣬴ǧ羭ٴηչΪµĴǧ硣
˵ü򵥵㣬ֻϴƣǻƻˡ
˰ƶҡȻѣ˭ְʯͷԼĽŵĴ£ٳʥ˶Ӳһ
ʱҪ֪׽罫ң޳Ҳὥ¶£Ҫһͨڲ޳ϢɣɣûмΪҡɻ󣬶˵Ŀġ
ҡüͷ΢侲ʣǰΪΰң
Ҳڰ㣬ڰԼɣɣ˪ϸһζЦô㲻Ըѧ
ǰ⣬ǲǲʶ̧٣ҡЦʲôĿģһͨ޳ϢܹʡȥһЩ鷳
*
ҡڿݹǳͣ죬ͨպ󣬾׼СǵýڻһųǳҪٲ߾͸ϲˡ
ǰʶţ뿪֮ǰûסʿݹǳǳͨ족뵽Ĺġ칬족Ҳȷ֣춼ɱΡ
ܾͨһֱ²Ǹ֮йء
ɣɣûлش⣬Ǵʵ˵޳ֻ֮һλΪ֮ɡ
ҡ΢ָֻһ
֪޳ڵΪʲôС˵Ůˣԭڻҵôɴ࣬Ƿû޳ڵԵʣ
ſݹǳǳ̵ʣˡһ⣬ǰʶĸ𣿡
ڻĸƺЩΡ
ʶ߰ɡɣɣڣҡ⿴ɻĿⲻαֻܰʧ˹
һ˵Ļ֣׼չһǣȻ֮ǰʱסĵطϤӰ
㻹ûߣЩԾʡ
Ȼģߣȥ·Ҳ
ǶлˣҡƲƲ죬һʵһʶ·ġ
ˣ㲻ǽΪʲôᴥħþħ֮У
УƫͷһۣħþħٲĻ󣿡
ѵǣҡⱻһۿЩ﷢ëЩʹĻѵħԭ𣿿ݹǳǳҲ˵סˣ˱ħסʲô
ǺǡһЦû˵ӿŲߡ
ԣû˵ҡ׷ȥ
Ų΢ͣ˵
ڷԪȫޣûԱֲ֮Ҫҡҡ׷һĿⶢ
̲ס˵±
ûĵĻ治ɫĿҡ⣺˼꣬¡
ҡǵЦ΢΢סһ˵ҪҵĻǳ׶༪١
Ǿʱ˲ðɡĵЦ



84 
ҡ˿ģ, Ҳ֪˿϶˺֣ҲͲٶ, ˳Ĭ߳˿ݹǳǡ
ôѾжξĿݹǳ, һ˿ɻ
û£ҡѹ£ü΢Щ˵, 㲻һһճǣ̫¶ˡ
ֵĿһۣ¶޵֮չм꣬ٳ˷Ѱ֮¡
һ, ҡƲƲ췴, ѵ㲻йù¶ʱ򣿡
, ˰ɫЩ, üһ˵ζ, аɡ
ҡֵĿ⣬˼˵ΪʲôΪ׷ЩУѵǱĩã
׷Ķͬ, Դ, ҪĿֻһ, Ǿǡ桯ɫָ˵
ǴĹΪʲôҡƫͷϷʵĿ
ע, Цһ˼˵ȻҲΪ˻š
ҡԴԾ´, ɵ˵Ϊ˵Ϊ֤ϵ
߲ì, 죬Ҫ޾Ҫݹǳǳͽ䳯ԪڵˣΪԹվǱߣϵĸ߶ڳԪ֮ϡʹҲ˵ǻ޾Ľ͵
ȻġšҲǳܼҡȻõ٩˵ĻΪȻ׵ȴϼѣƩ缴ʹݹǳǳһΪˣҲвʱ
˵ΪԼˣԼ˶޷ƿأجج˰ڲ統һ֪޾ͨ˸ڡΪһ̤н磬ܻì֮С
һ·̸ԭһֱҡӶ࣬һز֪Ӷü⣬ҡЩǲڴʲô⣬ֵ
󣿡ĻЩֵ˵ȥʲô
ҡһתʮֹûʣݹǳǵλǰǰң˵ڻ춯ȥв㣬Ͻع˷ɡ
ʱ򵽴΢ĿŻɣΪһٵϢ
ʵԭ빫һͬǰģڵ״ǲǰȥΪáҡ⿴ź˵
ȥΪСһν׼ҪǺһôߣ
ȴ·ûĻһ㣬̩Ȼ˵£һȥ
ΪָˣҡĿϵܵԡ
ĴʱûС
ҡⱻеҭҭƽʱҲôףΪû˻ܣǴҪ
ҪȥҲⱣ㣬塣
˵⻰ֻǷ󲻱ϣļû뵽Ȼһ벻Ļ
Ҳǲɡ
ҡ㶲ŷӦŵʣո˵ʲô
һˣô׾ʹӦֳıأħþ֪˭²żһı塣
˵ȥ󡣡ûпɫɵȻϸ޷Ķ䣬ᷢĶе졣
ҡû⵽Щֻ̧̧°ͣ۾ղ˵ĺ仰
һֱûһӣո˵ʲôԸҲҪҡȥ
⻰ʵһҲ˵ġѵʲôܲɣ
硭磿
ԸһӻлعæӦ
üɳΪλ
ϵ绰һ˵꣬ʻһԳƺƵĸһȺŷ޵ĺ»Գһȵǰ
ҡ⿴Ķ飬üʵҪһȥ󣿡ôˣҪֲôӦôɴࡣ
ݷ˵֡
ҡ⿴Χˣô˵ӵӺеˣģƮƮڳϡ
ҡȻɿ֣߽ڡﲼ˿ռ󷨣һͨķûʲôҡֱ̬еŹ֣ѡ˸Զλá
֮ǰڿݹǳǣ֪־ôڵֹİҡ⿴۳Ĭ֮ǰԵ£̽Դ˵Ŀ
ʶα˼Ƭ˹˵ָô¹⿿һΪʹҲ
Ǹ˴ڣԼҲǾ׿ϣ˲ֻ١
Ȼ۽߶ȣͱ޿Ļ̵̻ĸ۲ͬ侲ƵĲ²⼸Ǳ׼𰸡ҡ°ͿȻЩΪʲôôϲֻꡣ
㼸覵Ĵˣ˭˲ϲ
ʲôˣҡʡ
ü¶һζЦ˭пܣǶ֮Ҳ˵
ҡһҪΪ֪ʲô
λݹǳǳûбô򵥣ҲӦú͸¶һЩŨܵ۽ͶһƬӰеɫ
ҡʶҧҧ´ɵʵô֪򵥣
Լ޳˵ȥ˰ɣȻҡֿ֪еС̲ס֪ʲô
лһ˿ɫ˵չ¶˲ʵͻʮǰ
ҡһûĻԴת˺üȦ͵˼㣬˵ǸħþĻصСʱ򣿡
ʵǰļһֱ벻·һɴֱڿݹǳҲų׼¡ʧ֮ҵĲĪתҲ´Ӧйأݹǳǳûǿʵ
ɫĪ¼ʹʥҲ޷Ҳ˵ҪϵС
׽ϵָ֮Ҫħ棬ôΧСˡ
˵ôҡʵѾˣ޷뿪Զ˭Ҳ޷뿪֮ʱȻһᡭЩһʵͨħþ
ȥСʱ򣬸νĽסǽʲô
֪׽мλϵʥôǸδı֮һЩϵڴеĳһԽʱպüΣҪǿʵ
ӳ𣬾ѾһƵı֮СֹϣҲУΪ޳Ϊʲô
뵽ʱؿڵǶ仨ҡбҪú̸̸



85 
ֻ֪λ, ħλʥˣ׽ĺϵʥӦòָ֮˸ҡ, ɫ˵
ҡȻЩʧ, ԭͶ֪˵ûʲôϣ컻˸򣬡, ʵӦʶʮɡ
֪Ļص߰ʱҡֵĸоǵСʱƢֳӲ˵ҭˣǳȫһ, ʱ·ȰĸƢ, ѵĻã
ϲ, Ҳ˵ùȥ΢ü, ˵
ҡعĿƵĶ, ݸһЦ÷Ľ飬Ӿѵ˽һô
˽, ˽⣿¶顣
ҡĻ̲ס͡һЦ, ߵλ, ֧°ЦȻ˵Ƕͬһλϵʥ˶ϡ
һâЦָݹǳǱλ
Ҳ, ֹһλ, ҡ˼Ĵ, ħйأ
Ȼ֪޲TôģܾúϵʥӦûô׳䣬һλϵʥ˲ֵ£ӦͬһεˣϵĶƺħء
ûзĻֻԴε̫̾أʼնֻõϢȴԸ͸¶Լ£˽Ӻ˵𣿡
ҡ򴽣¶飺ҳһЩ£㲻ͬмȴȻһıв¾ͻٲľء
һ˵ԭҵĲǣ˻ֲ̿̿
װȥһɫҿԺ˵Щ˵ͻ𣿡
㶼δ˵ô֪Ҳţ֣Ҳ棬˵Ҿš
ֻ̫֪˵ûˣȻҡ֪Ļˮ֣ǱǾ䡰˵Ҿšȡãڵĸ׼һڿĹ¡
ǰۣ ҡտ˵˼֣ȻǰһڣԤ׵³һѪ·ʲôѹʹôλϻһš
ɫ䣬͵µҡ⣬ĲһֵĲһš
Ҫҡҡķ֣ץ첲һۣѹʹٴν١
ʹĲֹ**궼ʹʵ̲סʹ/š
˭˽ƣŷڵʹҡ⣬ɫѿ˵ڲֻĽĥ
Լ˰㣬ĥڽˡ
ҡǿ֧˿ϣԵЩǱɫ԰ѪɫҧƵ´ȴ촽ȾüΪٵһ۸ˮذ׵ѽ˳ĵʤ¡
Ŵ𣬻úܣҲϸ·һ۾Ͷϡ
Ŀëƺһ˿Ц⣺㿴ҲԸ˵ǲ˵
šӦһý£֪ǲǻקק̫űĶûж
λúȻ͵һ飬һİʹɫֱ䡣
ҡɢһ㣬ĥԺδˣһ˽һ˵ľʹĻͲԸڳ׻˯ȥ֮ǰݺݵĵһλ֪ĴУС˵ͲᣬΪʲôõôݣûиһ׼ʱ䣬ֱڲŰݡ
*
ҡѹһİķڡ
Щֽŷɴڴ۾˼ŸɴһݽС˵һЩ͸¶ֽ鳹׽ңϧʵˣϵĽƾֱй¶С˵Ĵڡ
һҪȡֻһ룬ԺͲ˵¿Ƹƣͬʱ˵ζҲۿۡȻǡ˽⡱ûʼѾʵ˲̫ġ
ˡһҡ˼
ҡƫͷŽӦţˡ
Ӵ֧ɢĳѩ׵ĽϣγĶԱȣķ䣿
һжϲðɫǿ֢ʵ벻˭̺ͳͳǰɫġ
ռԼ仹¶飬ֻǰһü΢̧Ϣˣ
ˣҡ´ȻԼ·ˡ
·֪һҪ˵ʲô֮ǰڣ˻ģ·ҵģҲû
ҡ̧ͷˣʲôû˵ͱµƿԣǰģ
Сʱڵ



86 
˵ò, ڵȷвͬѰ֮ûҡ޷޵Ŀ⣬˵
ᵽ, ҡʱ쳣ٶԺ, һųǼǵųǽĵ̣һϹʱ屻塣ô˵, нɫɫһееĳ顪ʹ
˵ˡ
ü㷢ʲô
ѵųǵϢѾй¶ˣ
ɽذϡҺ͹ħҮƵ, һԻҡ, ü, , Χʲô
˵ңɽذʤ, ֮һҵ֧Үħ˲֮һ⼸ҰѿΧԴ, ĵͷߡ
ҡⱻļĻĥĥ, б, ˵ֲסһٴ̽Χʲô, ֪ˡ
ֻѵΪ˭һ, ʲôֻҪ֪һ˴͡ƽʱ̸׼סһ, 㵽ÿһһլӣë˷ָ
׽ģһǵزǸԺлᣬһѡһЯĶ
˵˵󡣡ƵĿ⣬
ҡƲƲ죬ͲˣɫʳӺ档ɫÿĵ³֣ͨʧɥʧ־ʳͨһ޶һУپѣ涾Լǿ޴ơᵽѰĴơϲѡ
ȥ٣ͨѱ֣νĽǱβ̶һ£һŮӱУоͻ᲻ϷܳѣΪ׳ϡ׳Ƹ֮ʱŮ֮ʣһȱΪŮӽ
ȷ׼֣ЦһҲ֪ǿ仹ȻһԵӣѾȥ̽Ϣǻ˵
ҡһߵ棬һ任Լѣ˭Ҫɧ·һŮ˵·ûУ
Ķīü΢ʲôҲû˵ûһͻˡ
׼׵ˣɫʡ
粻ԾһԵҡ⣬۷ɨǰæعӣ׼ˣ⽻
ƳƳƺĶ໰ҡⲻɶ࿴缸ۣе˵Ǽ⽻Ķʲô
úǰȥ̽Ҳˣ֪㱨ʲôվƫͷҡ˵߰ɣǼѾɽ𶦾˽ȥˡ
𶦾Ԫ󾳽磬ȻһܴùܻǲġȻʱûΪҡõΣյʱ˭˭һ
*
˺ܿ͸ϵһȺƺƵĺ»ų֪ݲ򵥣ҡôģƺбʲôĿġ
ѱõӦ鵤ٲ̤޴ڵĺɫʲôҲ壬ֻ̽·
ҡȻһֻס첲
ʲôŤͷʵ
Ȼ˵ҿ㣬ǲɢɥʧԪܷڹ⿿Ŀ޷Χ
˵ֱӻҡʮָס֡
ҡҭҭƬ̺ŷӦɢʵǣġ
û˵Ѿ̲סż֣²ң²ңͷɣ
һ봫ʲô֮
ƺЩʮָ־ЩˣһƵġҡû֣Ҳˡ
ºھºڣҪɢ˭ɢ˭û
ſڴƻȻǷ켫ܼ
ǣߣ֪˶ԶҡȻ͵һû֮ºݺײ
ʲôҡҧгݵ˵ռ˻ûûˣ
⻹ʶôо˸Ƶģı˰ɣ
ŵֻƵϢһֻɫĳӡ
иӣողһ¡򶨺޹һ˿޵䡣
˳ûü˵Ȼһ֪ĸط
Ⱦҡ𣬾
ҡԭ˵ĻϣһҲû˵˼ü֪Ƕ϶ĺǵıؾ֮·ϣûԥǰȥ
ƺʲôҲûǣߡ
ĺ»ĬԸ
һξ룬ҡ˺ȵˡһ󸹱Ůˣͷ󺹣Ǳ̱ڵϡ
Ķӹĵ÷·ʱҪһ㣬ܲ
⸱Ѳϵʲôҡۣ֪涣ˡ
ңȾң˴Լ֪˿˻Ƶɤƴ
ҡĺȣ治ɫĴ·ƺûĺ
һҲ˴˵ء
ʲôˣεŮһȺ˵סҡ˵ȥ·
Ů仰һ˵꣬ò˼Ͱ͵˵
ǾȾңϵŮ
ͻȻֵķŮӿҡǣһ֣ݺݵĵҡһۡŮ˵Ļ·ҵͻƿڰ㣬ĿҡŮ˺ݶںȣȴŲʣʵĳ
ҡⲻ֪ǸЦԼΧˣƫƫһ˺ڹôһ˱ˣ
Ů˺οΪŮˣҡߵ֮ȫǳģ



87 
һת, ûͷϣ̧°бŷŮ, ýεε, 𣿶иŮҡ
ҡϣǹںڰзŴǼ, ΢΢һ㶣һʱûع
㣬֪ܵŮŮɫǺ죬ָҡһһ, ޲ýϵ˺ˡ
¾װס, , Ҫ֦
, ڸæžˣָˡһʯ֮, İɫӰ££ʹ˵Ļָ, Ҳѻƫ̻˭
ҡ̲ס̧ͷ, ֻǸŮȥ, ǲʲô˰ɣ
ܵҡĿɨͷʵô
΢΢, һյ̧ͷҡǰ, ˵ʱȵıϢ, ҪıǼ⡣
ʶĺһֻסֹ˵·˿ȥ˾ֹʮ·˵һ㡣
꣬𶯡ϸŵҡУɨץŵĶʱһûҶ
ֻ棬˵عȻ˾
ſң
ǸŮƿקľװӣҧżڹŮּŮɫĹ׼ҪŮҲ֪ջǼһߵ̱ڵصŮǰµӣҸξ㣿
ҡɫĺ˼Χ
ң֪һַԽҶĶŪǸ󸹱Ů˼ѵĿڵ϶ɳƵ
û֮ǰ𣿡һľװӾĿŵϵŮˣŮӺȵ
ѽС㣬ǻǲҪʱˡһͷʿڵ˸͵
ŮƲСֹһ涣˵Ůʲô÷ģѾһֻ̤Źˡ
˵зеĶŪʲôӣȿ˵Ҫˣﻢ£Ϊֻܼ͵ϵŮ˽棬ʵԾһ涣˵Ů˺Ȥ
ϵŮ˫ֳڵϣĹĵĶԼˡ˵ֻҪ
źϺϣ̫С˵ʲô
˵ʲôŮӲ˵岻Ծ󸹱ŮǱ߿
˵Ļû˵꣬Ҫ·ĶӺȻ顱һֱը͸׳ǰֺĴ
Щ׳Ѿ˫ᣬΡΡ͸ĳŮˡ
һ쳹ֲָޱС
˵Ļӳ֪ĸʧеķŮӱͬ˻Ҳ֪ûбЩӵ׳档
ãö桭֪˭ֵĺ
֪ĶһȺɫӣ˰ΧһƬʮֿɲעĿһֻа˴棬ӵţѲ㣬ɫͫ׵ɨһȦĿͣҡϡ
ĳϴżɫ·ϵĲʮԡ
ľڵ棬вڳ˵ǡ
ҡ⿴ֻǳ棬Ŀ΢С˵ֻһγɲֹľڣųǳҲõٺô
ǰΧ˽ˡ
Ǹˣ㴦ԭӦȥŮ˺Ȼӵ֮ǰƵĶۿɼٶȬ·֮ǰ׳ƸֻǴ˻ƣһ˫۾ֱĶ
ǸŮ˳òԶһʱաĿͣҡϣҵķ˿£ڶ󣬲Ц
ϸǸŮˣȥ£βЩɫм˵ķϡ
ҡ⣬һ˿ӨĲҺ壬һӣΧȺӵϣ˳
»ѸΧ£ѵص˲󣬽ҡ˻м䡣
ҡ΢΢üƫͷ˵𣿲Ȼû뿪
ץ΢΢ս¶һ޵Ц֪ʲô
ʲôҡ۾һʵ
ſ֣һСӵݵǰ
ҡ򿪺ӣһɫĻ潫Χյá֨֨죬Χƺ֪ʲôΣյĶҷɣ涼ԶҡߣһǱ߷ȥ
𣿡ؽ׶ֻ껹ЯĻ֣
ֻ֪ʲôʲô֪ùüһЦ֮ǰҡ⼥һٵĻ
ҡҧҧ´Ʋ˵÷ٵС֪Σòûޣķٵá
ֻҲôģĳϮΪһʲĿרʲôƶ
ǰ˵Ǽ⽻Ķòɣ
ҡ⽫ӵݻƻء
ⶫԤģЦһ˹˵⣬ٵԼԷǡ
ҡһ֪֮滹ҽ󣬾ΪٵȻ˵ã
ϢΪδ˵ֲúҪȥɫЩ֣ѯǷ˽
ʲô㶣ٲֻӾ͸ˡָһҡŶͷһۣȻӦ
ô֪ץ
Ҳµġ΢ֱ׳úܡ
ҡⲻټƽǴĶģ쵽ǰҲûãûã
ѾˣҸھʱ𡣡˿ûҡĻסȫһյ顣
㡭Ϊβ磿ҡšüֹĿѾдģˡ
˼ҡͷЦ˽ƣ˲ҡ
ҡⱾﻹĪЩ·ڳЦĻ߰뷨ʱһգ˵ɡ
ھҡ⣬ҡƮɵǿ̸ãʵֻȥƬ̹򣬲кüҧˣ᧿Σ
·ûע⵽Щ˼ĿҡıӰɫЩŹ֡
ʲôĽƣʱʵ֪ÿ£֪ĶһƬհףЩ֪Ķȴ
Ǳҡһ·շɵǱߣΧ汻еˣԶԶĲҿ
ӣȥ㵽Ǹųǣҡͳ̸ȼһ棬Ȼлһϴ񡣡
¶ԵĿ⣬ظʲôˣô֪ųǣ
ԭڲԶǸŮŤ߽֫˶ܳˣ㻹ʲô
ҡüǰͳǱΪӺͬŮˡ



88 
ųСķ, ͷ, Ⱥʹ, ȥǸġ
ոշ౺ȻҪСһ£Ҳʱˡų, ԸܵͻȻֵһ˿Ȼη֮顣
͵ԪСѾͷ츳ǸŮ££ɢҵĳ쿩һЦ
, 걻󡭡ҡⲻŲæⲽߵǰ, ЦĿ, û˵ͱϡ
ˣʲôˣɫ, ɲĿҡ⡣
ҡƫͷ۱ΧסȺˣЦЦ˵ҵķ֧, Ϊǰɡ
֪ҺжԹʲôϵɫ΢˿΢΢ս, ĵޢ·Ĺ
ҡ۲Ķ, ûü˵, ԶȻһСѭȥֻǸոǸŮԼĶ, ľֺš
𣿹˶ĶӾͻ֮ǰ, 顯һը, ֻЩ׳ʱ͸ˡҡҡɨָովǶŮʧȥټβ̽ѰϢ
ҡɫһչʱһ磬˵΢ĲһֻͿŵޢϢҡⱳϣֵָֻⷺһâĶҺɫʮָֻɫҪһЩ
ֻҪҡ󱳵ʱ˺Ȼʧֻ˸ա
顱ص
ҡһֻŲڱߵĳϣϾĿڣк̫ãʲôһʹȻȻûˡ
һСbossôܻ⵽ɾȥעһ޹ؽҪˡ
Ҳ֮ǰΧѸ峣ΪʲôС˵ųǿ֮ͳϿɱȥųǵˣֱɱ̫˽ִ󣬾޵Ķ壬󣬲Žץס
Ϊʲôᾪң˼ȫûΪʲôôңԭڳϡ˵곣Ϊһھµңֻгӳ֮ƭǧҲ֪ôϣʼ
˵ɺϣ˵ҡǸպˡɳΧ˽ûرĿ꣬ĿΪˣҡһ˿˵֮֡
ȥ٣츳Ȼж֮ȻҲѧı¡Ըո֮󣬼ټҲƾ֮ζҵ׷ɱ
ҡ֪ĵϸԼ߷Χ
ǺǣǱſڵϣЦһŤͷҡ⣬Ŀ죬ҽҵͲ¶ﳤӡ
׷Ѵˣûҡüŵϵĳ㣬ڻϵʱͼӲˣĴɱ޹
֮пɺ֮ҵĶԹۣɱ޹ŤѾΪɱˡ
һȻһ׹⣬Ӱ˲ʧ
ҡⲢȣȵľСָɢΧ׷ױܿǻ׷һֻ棬Χס
ž һӰǱˤڵϡ
ǳһı£ͨҡ⵱Ԩʯͷͷɶ꣬ǻ飬ȴʵʵԼͨ档
֮רץһԭȻΪңɱұˡһԭΪͨҡ²νĳҵң׻Ϊͨ
ͨΪѪе츳ͨͨĴͨͨķһȼ֮ͨҲиߵ֣֮֮ǰȻʩչǸӰͨһŶͨıͨҲһѵõĶͨ
һԽдҡ˼˳Ǳ߿ȥ
ֻƴķվڰ˸ߵͷϣ֮ǰݵСϱƵ˫᲻Ҷ
ҡ⾪ﲻѣֻ÷סȽ跨ץû뵽û֣ȻѾˡ
Ҫ֪С˵˶ɽˡȻʱΪĽ𶦾ܵıеģھȻֱ÷ͷϣ
Ȼǳ𣿷ֻoֱӴסҡҿûԲһë׵ķϿе
౺ҡ֪ͨҡʱ뷨ίġౡһ
Ƶġౡ̲סЦ౴һϢҡһ˵ҪһѪ
ֲӶӣԭֻΪʲôҪ౵Ѫ
ֻڻ׷ʱҡʱ£ͨԸ뿪
ʱЩǵصѾߡ
Ұ׵һˡ˼ЦΧһƬǽ壬Ψͥ˳Ⱦ·˵صɡ
ҡƲƲ죬ûнҲǸող֪౶пơ
֮ǰֻûƽϣΪûע⵽ȷټʲô޷ʹ·ƭӣ
·뷨͵Ȼڿ仹û
˼˵Ķ䲻ʹˣ
˼ǲģѾɣ
*
Ȼǲˣҡ壬Ǳ߿νʧأǸŮӱ涣ˣѾڷܣô󺰴С
ҡüͨ˼䣬ߵǸŮǰ
㣬ҪʲôǷŮӼҡɫĺȵ
ֻǸװӺһ߻ж˲ǱβϵĶǻʣһŮΪеĳѵӹһ١
װǰɫѿʣոʧԣ´
ƱǿԮֻûϵǡ۲Զû뵽ϾȻʱ󣬴²֮صĴ£
Ļÿҡ̲סһѵȥСǼôΪ侮ʯģ
ѵҪ侮ʯĻ᣿
װӶֵӣǹܾãҸм
ⷬһǰʾ֪ݣǱԼݣܾãȻǽԴϲǷһ飬ôòұػ׷ס
ò׷һģû뵽ı¿ηΣҡֱҪۡԭֻΪԼİΪ˵õҵĺøС
˵һԣҡ⿴ڵϵˣüϷʵ졣
㣬ҪʲôŮѾʧǣɫҰ׵૵
Ȼȡ㸹еĳѡҡס򦣬ָȼһضɫ磬Ҫӡ
ŮӾҵҡûĶסЦ˵ ɱҶȻմĶӣҿɲ𡣡
ոʲôԽѣ˵Ҳû취ȡѣΨһķֻڳѻδƸʱŪǡ
ҡСĵĿŮӵ壬˳ĵ︹Щѻδ׳Ѿܸ֪ΣգײŮʹ亹ȴΪס˿
֮ҡջͶŮ̱ڵء



89 
ѵ, ҡ׼뿪˵أų, ·ȻĴҪʡʱ䡣
ιǸ, лԼʮಽһӲĵлЩȻͲ
ҡĻӶûͣһ, кøУֻҪ𱨾Ƕõĸл
δΪλʶҡⲢһֻ˵ûǣš
ƫͷ, ζ˵, ˵ҿԸһ仰, 벻֪
˵ûǿ, Դ֪н֮û׿ڽĳЩ¡
, ֶ֮˲ǣˣСŮˡһʼʱȻǱϳǲ㸡ڱʹ, ûһ־ͺµ¶, ڿҵ˺͸ˡ
ҡɨ۱ѹŵĳ, ͷԹԸ󣬲֪Щʲô
Ƭ, Цһ, ˵е˼, ңҲǣ
ҡ΢Ц⻰ɲ˵ġ
ӣβ͸šʱӺ
౴ʱҲųһֻӷɵҡǰ
ŷ౵ĳӣüһЦϷʵĶǰ·˵ӣͽѽ
ֻ棬˵ЩǱҰǱ񡣡
ԼǺٿ˵ŹŹֵǻɤ˻ƴ̶ż
һֱĬĳȻЦոǸСѾͷ֪һҪ档ѱɳĿɶһġ
ѵΪĸ棿ҡð뷨һƷ뷨㱻ƫֵɻΪʸ֮ģܺ޷棬ɻҪĸ壬ĸʲôأ
ֵʵ⣬ûдԣĸܷܣе񡭡ȫĲдƷ
뵽˵Ҫ౵һѪҡһֵͷ
ҵһЩţƳһˮҪĸѡӹһ仰û˵ˮҴδóǼ٣Щã˽¶ʲôͲö֪ˡ
˻ƵɤӷЦҰӲ棬Ƕ䵱񡣡
˵Ĺ򣬷ץһֻƵĽҡ⡣
۲ֻ棬û޵ķʸֻѱ治̫һɫ϶Ȧ
ԴˣĲš첻ǣЩ˿Ҫȫû
ҡȻ˵Ҳף˺Ȼ󣬻ġͷߡ϶ҵĸ߶Ⱦ衣ɻţΪҵ˴ƣԼֱӸš
ڳǣ󸽽ҶˣʱԽԽӣҵųΪ
жòܵ
ǰˡ˫ᣬ˵ǰͲˡ
쵽ˣҡüʳŻĶ麣е֮ʹҲᱻ룬ҲΪʲôշеԵʡҪһܵʳӵĵֱ̣Ӵӿи½һпûˡ
Ψһܷе飬Ҳֻ棬ʳӲھӡ
Ȼתҡ⣬ҪҪȥ¸¸¡
·ˣĲܡҡüӷ׳ªĳǻǵһʼɫеĿ⡣
ôã˷ͨʳӡҡԭ׼˶Ҳһˣ׼Ķòˡ
Ȼ֮ĻʼɽͶһԼ߳ԼһɵɫľƬľƬ֮ϡʳӲδûЩľƬܿЩľƬʹһ·
ЩɫľƬUľɢһʳϢʳUľٶԽʱ˳ͨʳӡ
UľһֲСƷľΪʳ׼UľЬӾǧƷʯֱUľ·һֱ۵ĸܵƶĳ
߰ɡĵؿҡ⣬ʾͨ
İ׼ҡһۣUľɿʳϷӹ
иһ˿ɻ漴εҡҡͷѾ̤UľҲһ·ͨʳӡ
*
ںĴƶǱ·Ƽ춼һҵ
֮ͨһںǰı
ҡޱΪ˷౵Ѫǲʱƶĺȷͨųǵڡ
֪ǲΪˮľãΧĺɫ࣬ܿӨӨĺ棬澹ȻƮżѪɫ˯
ȻһѣθϮʼǰڣԴһƬ硣ҡⰵһã浭࣬ʵŨȴߣ鵤Ҳˡ
ǿ־ȴ޷Ƶʱһֵֻסıһֻֽһ鵤ιߡ
񵤡治ɫķסҡ⣬۾˵
ҡԴججʶĽߵĶ븹ָָš
͵ƿЩ̣Ƭ̺һ򶨵˵ǸҸ
˵óһӸϣҵĲ˲
ˣԼԽԽɾһֻץסҲ֣ƺһ˿
ҡԭЩκĻֻʣ߷ˣû࣡
ƺû⣬˹Ĳ֣΢˵ĵط
ҡ򴽣˵
ԼһֱУŨȱߵûжӰ죬ҲῴɫֵĽӹȺˮ˾ͿԽȥ
ˮôźѪɫ˯šü
ҡ⿴һԣȻ֪޲ԣ˹üΣԭҲһһεġ
ӣԲûش⡣ҡЦЦĿ˵
бһۣ̾ȻЮͼ㷭˵Ĺˣһ񵤶ʮ鼫Ʒʯ
УʡҡƤЦⲻЦ˵
ʱûʲôʡ߳ŭģһÿĻȣŽָ΢΢Щ
·ͣʪĿǻڡ
ѱҪΪǸõˣҲҪƶз㣬ֻһ˵ġĵǸŹƻֳˡ
죬̫ˡޱ˵
ѵ㲻˵ĲôǸŵĴЦ



90 
ˮҪˡ
ع, ֻǰĺˮͳͳѪɫ˯ķӿȥѪ·ѾһС, Ƭ֮, ǳĵطѾ¶ɫĺ
ҡûв쳣ǿĺôʱֳˣü΢, ˵˿Ҫˡ
ܸ֮ǰҵѾռƣǼӪ꣬ʱҵҲ⡣
, ǡƳЩԿ޷Ļ, ĵķԸ
鵤ǼƷ鵤, ûóʮŸĵزû´, ǺеǼѪɫ˯ɢģҪȥױ뿿Ѫ, õѾԲƣǸţ
Щѵ, Ҳֻǿ, ûһʧںɫС
Ψһ˳Ծǳ, ֪ǲһԵʣɫѿһЩ, Ȼȥ־
ҡûû߳, Ǹ˽ȷƿغ, ûٹﵹҲԾһֱĬĸ
һһȺֻʣҡ⡢硢ʱѪѾеˮɵòˡѪԱ¶ĺ¶һҰɫʯʽݡʯ죬ͷҲ֪ͨδ
ʯ׵ķߣѪɫ˯ԭƯںˮϵģʱˮʧ˯תƮʯϷ
Ѫɫ˯һĨɫʡ
⻨ҵйءĺۻһĹ⣬ֱѪйŹ֣ǲҪΪ
öӣöδ죬޲Tҵ֪˭һֱûгֹǰ˯ȻҵаѪҵйء
С˵ǴӺųǵģȻҲûод⼸ѪҡĻ˼ۡ
ߣĲһֱСڵȻܳӸµǼѪϷԭݵѪʱЩˡ
ôܳˡҡ⼸Ҫۣ̫򵥣ȻΪƾڵʵշ֪ǲѾȹڣںøүƵģϲС˸ס⣬ʲôôûõ
ҡ⣬ɨ󣬰ڰգƺٽС硣
ɫ΢ٲ̤ʯסһʯ׺Ȼ㶯ڤڤоʲôǿҵĸоʧȥһĵȻ
ֵǣƽʱǸʱļĬƺѾʧڡ
ôˣҡʯףʱȻĿǴܾøոһ˿ֵϢ
ʲôѹǹĪļ¶ɻķʣƳʯϵ̵ͼΣɫתƻ⣬ЩͼΣƺϹűĳйء
ҡû뵽ֻƾʯϵͼξƲЩһʱҲ˸ոյ¡գգۣװҲϸһȻŲȷ˵Ҳ£ǽ塣
Ҳ£¶ˡѧеϷɫԶ
֪һЩ£ҡԹųǵ˽⣬ΪϽƵĹϵòúǵֱ̬ƽ͡
ҡƲ죬ӿŲʯסС˵дŮǹųǱƽֱӴһؾĴ󴫵ųģҲ˵Ҳ쵽ˡ
٣ȥҵɣСò׻۵඼Ҫˡ
֪˶ãһʯס
*
ǰľһּ𺳸У̻Ի͵ĽȻѱ˼ʮ꣬ȴ˿ûлưܸУʱ·ųͣͣн˵Ӱ
ȻЩӰͣ͵ʱҲԶͣһ̡
ҡȻѾ׼ҲǰľסˣʲôǳصʱԶͣһ̡
ҪǡԴʯͿʼЩһˣ˻һ˿ֺ̿Ͳƺںʲô
ҡ֪ںʲôųһֽ׳棬רػ˵ģһմȾǵϢͻڰĽ׳档
Щ׳ͨǳȺӳ֣һϾǱɵʬ޴³ҪԪΪԪɣµǲĿľݣɽ泱·һ³
ͽ׳ײȣβϵǵ
ûҡɴཫں̫˳ұıһ˷ΨһĲܡ
үˣڴүԺҲȥˣųĴڼҪ޳֪粻ԼͷڴүҪķˡ
̫걧סҡĴȣĿʣѽ
ǳԣܴҡ⾯Щˣһܹԣǰ̫Ƥһûܡ
ҡĻԲ۾˲Ϣ䣬ΪһĨӵ̾Ϣԭǽ塣
ͷһǻûڣƫҪװһϳɳص˵ϧ۵Ӫƻһɶ
ҡ̿ü֪壿壬֪ǲ̫ԶûйϹžͱ塣
ҡͷԵǰ棬Զſǿ֮һ˵תͷĺٺһЦȵʱֻǿ
ҡ⿴ûз֪˵ġЩ⣬û뵽ԶŵʱȻǱҪǿǿ塣
ֻǿʷĺҲ㲻˥ˣǰĹףͽ塣
һ룬ЩԶŴ壬һֱǿʵ̫ˡҲֲʮʥļһܴ̾ͨ˿ģʹǿȼңʮʥǰļ壬ҲʶĴżָ߿;η
ǵ̴Ĳࡣ
ûв´Ӧǽʥǣ۾һ˷ܵùЦû뵽һڴүҲڽ˵ʥܣȪڴүˣ
ȪҡɻظڵĻֻ޼֮صĲȪȪǴðģ
д˵ųǽʥǣʲô˵ЩС˵ﲻġ
׽һֱֻڴ˵еȪˮֱǲȪȪȪԵΪһʡ
Уǰ˷ܵñȥĴʣ˵вȪ
Ȫգ˵ǵʥ屻𣬲ȪʥһʧʥǵĻǲȪпܾ
ҡеͿڻײȪʲôã˼׹ǵȪ̫ࣿ
ԣȪʲôЧ



91 
ڴڵĽ, ҡײȪ֮ʿһеĸ̫׹ǵľҩ, ֮, ȪˣҪꡣ
Ȼ鵤벻ȪȾر, ֻҪ鲻ɢʹҲܿȪܡ
˵ҩкֻܶ࣬һ֣Ҳֲôô˷ܡ츳Ѱ, ƾ۱, һı, ȪڿĶС
֮ʧʱǡö, ʥǣȻɸرյҲ˵ͨˡ˼ĳ, յأȻ٣ʥǱֵĸҲͽ˲١
ҡһ˵Щ, է֮¸񸣵ض, ֮ǰ֮»˲, ԭϹʱȷһѵõıأ֪ΪһϦ֮ɻӵյء
Ҳû˻, ǽȥ̽һһ, ʲôҲû֡νձ, ǽһ֮δزܽģ֡
ǣ˭ܽʥͬʱһӡأ
ڲںЩܵûһ˵ͽʲôϵȪ϶
˵̫磬˵Ȫ͸ɺԣֻ߱ˡôģҡˮ
С˵ﻹкܶûдûȻЩʱ࣬˵ĲȪȫûӡһ̫û˷֣һûνĲȪ
үʲôӲҵ۾һNɪİͦأںڵֻӲڵɫĵذϷաĴ졣
ܲҵҲᣬٶ͸ˡһ񣬵ȴֳ⡣
ԭǴ̫˷ܣһʱû·ҪһСĻһɲ֮յͷͣ
ŮͯԼģѩɰһͷϸɵĲý貵ĽâԵøҫۣϸİСϣһ˫̵ͫ·Ȫˮϴһ㡣
ųںױһƬڣǳϷһŽӲӵӣųյά֣ñԽ׶ɫΪĽ̻Իͣá
˴𷢱ͫѩ䣬һ·ȥûһѿġڲСĲСƯüֱ˺޲§ڻ͵ؼҡ
ʱͣפһ̣Ůͯһ֧ŵĻڽϱܣˮĴ۾Цǻɰľѡ
ŻҪ͸˭һѣ޷ĻͳȥԶһ̡
ҡ򴽣ƫͷ۶Դ˵㲻ҪܣҪǳ׳棬⸱С廹˼ҿڡ
֪ͷӲתƻ⣺ٺٺ٣ǿȥǰʥ϶кö
ʹûоⳡƽ٣󲿷ҲѻΪһgʧؼ䡣һԵȻûͷûβ˵ҡȴ˼
ǿΪųǵľ䣬ڰο
ҡһﲻһǵĺƽ٣ķ׽¶Ҫӭһƽ١
Ŀһۣκ󷢳һ޵̾Ϣɡ
ڹųֵϣܿ͵˾ͷֵͷһΡĴɫһõĽɫԵúȺΪλ⣬ΧĽǹ°ţͼΪ
ǰĴҡ⺰ûסһʥ
ҡһסץشĳ嶯һۣ׼ʥš
Ͳȥˡͣſڣƺʲôɻ䡣
ĻҡȻΪβȥҲûɰʵסֻǻõĹϵʲô̹ףҪͼˡ
һĳĬҡ⼸Ҫˡ
*
̤ţҡڿյģţеĳȫͬ·һ硣
ɫĵذһ޴İɫâǱ־ӦֱɫŮףһⶼһƯĽɫ
Ҳ񣿣վһǰɴ۲ŵ˵ǰһλӣòӢʣǳɫĳһս
ҡĴŴڵΨһµĶڵľüôʶ
ٺ٣ʶʶתתЦ֡
ǸΪԿ񾳵ԣԴ߽û˵Ȼʵ
ڷ˸ۣһʲô𾳶Կ񾳣ʱΪŽ
˵廹ҡ̲ס˵ĿǰΪֹû˵κιϢȻ֮Ʒֻ
徹Ȼӵѹ˾Ȼᱻ壿Ǻ󱲶಻ܻ
̫֮ʱһɱһɻǹһǹɻǹ֮Ϊħ񣬶ǹδƣֻУݴ񡣡ҡ
Ҳ˵һ֮ҡ˰ģǹȲȪҪֵǮˡ
ڣ㲻˵бӲ۾𣿿Ķű𣿡
ôʱҵꡣڴڵȥʱʱñţҡһ˲仳˹
ҶһҪͨ°빦
ĬĬҲʼڴתƣʥȻʲôûУΪԶǿ塢ӵĽ壬δҲ̫Щп϶Ρ
ŵϵâǣдų˼Ƭ̺Ｘ䣬ףĬĬת˼ȦƺЩʲô
㷢ʲô𣿡ҡ⿴ľٶĴյʵ
üϷһЦԴ˵ص˽֮ϣҪ̣
ҡҭס֪ʥС˵δдųһ׹һҲ֣һرԽС˵ﾹȻֲֻᡣ
ԱģþյĽ͵е뷨ȷ
һ㣬Ҳڡˡ
Ȼֹҡȴδ˼ʱ󲿷ʱ䶼иĶʱڣһʱ䣬ԼƫӼǣЩҪеĶһᾴԶ֮
ȥʲôһЩȴǹֻ֤˺̣ʱĳЩͿʼˣո֪ʶĪ޵벻ʶˡ
Ѿصߣ˵ӣϲ
˵껰󣬡žડʲôڵصҡ
̫꣬ʲô



92 
͸㡣̫ϵĶ, ƨƨߵܵҡǰ, Ҳ֪ոʲô, ˵ġ
ҡʶĽӹݹĽɫοԲ򣬾ٵǰ, ɻʣ̫꣬Ķҵⶫ
СС;ͻŮӻ, Ǵڽ̵İɣɵĿ۲ԶĴڡ
οսһâɵ, ͸϶Կһˮʯͷ͸ľڹߵɢ˵߲ʹ, ȥΪƯ
ǡָ̫ŶϽ, ҲǺӵǸҡĿȥֻױӲٳһȥֱӿٳġ
ҡһ, ץ̫һ, Ȼ滹һЩɫмɫһ
̫꣬Ժ󲻿, 񡣡ʸһ㶼ͷ, Ҷ᷸ɻ, ȻѾ壬еػҪеġ
ԵƳƳҡĽɫԲֿ۱ƻλ, ΢Уĵط
·Щʲôɫ΢䣬
ͬʱĴתĴڿҡĶʧɫ
ҡⱻ˼ͬĻһ㽫ĵĽڵϣʹսǽ򱾸ǵĹ⻬棬֪Ϊȴ·Ȼ̣һʹһ¡
ɴʹɿŽ֣ǽȻƮģڰС
ڵˮʯɲǼ䱬ǿҵ߲ʹ⻪ĿĹâյۡ¡¡ľ죬ɫذڲʼĳֹƶ
ϸԷһ⣬ͬչڱѩϣգڲɲΧĿռ䶼ڵŤΡ
Ӱ໣໺һһɿʥ
ĹâҡסγһɵĹȦ
ҡԭأüɴֱȥҲ̫ܡ
УҳȥҡⲢǱŵûˮʯĹâ֣˱һֵסû߳Ȧ
ǼϿĽ⣬תͷ򶨵˵ǰѺɡóԡ
ǰѺɡųƣЧ
ɽ䱻⣬òҡ﷢࣬Թˣֹɽ䣬С綼ʧȥϵ
߰ɡ
Χ£ģԽԽͽ⣬ü˵֮ǰ׵عǶõ̫ʯ൱ڶһĽҲһ
ˡһε̾Ϣ
ҡһʱûӦĻֱק̧׹ֽ˹ȦҲѲ
ӣ罫̫ͳȥûӳæ˽һһߡ
ɨĵطͳͳΪޣգۼʥѾڣҫ۵Ľâųڶü˵ľ벻СҲڲϿ
ιڹȦڳȦҪѾܵĴڳɤӸˣйȦھκβǣ
ȦжҡԱŲŲճһλã
ü΢ûԥ߽ȦȦĿռ䲻˼һЩʱҲʲô컵˼
ҪڵΧҡȻһûϸͷ侲Գֵ
ܣԷһ
ǽǰҡҵȴ֪Ϊνƽˣֵܵס⣿
ͷЦѹ͵ߴЩ΢ƣʤޣһ嶯̫ʯϧ̫ʯ
һȲһ̫ʯҡ̧ͷ˵һѾɨ˹Ȧ
æתɨĽ⣬ﻹЩʶߵˡעŽ֪ĵ˼ʲôֱ֮һֱϲ䣬Żع
ڶʱҲս˹ȦȦ˿ɨȦһ漴ƽŵĵ⣬Ȧ͵·ʱʧҡѾܵǹڵǿϢ
̲סϢ׼ȴ
ֻǻûȵ⣬ߵһԽһֻѹĺԣԼš
ʲô
ͷۻˣ΢ŵιȥǲҪΪá
ɨȦȦ⿹⣬ֱӱһâųĿûҫۡ
ڹâĵˣҡⱻ§ڻ˸ŹֵķȦĽ΢⣬֪ȥ˺δ
ԭīڵͫʻһİ죬ȻֻһţǹɹŹֵϢȴȾһ˿ħ֮ɫ
ѵһҸ壬ϧҲϲζ
ϲĶѵǺµĶƽĵ˵
ǸЦʲôҲû˵
*
ҡʥѾȫʧֻʣǶ֪ǲԵʣԭӲӵ޹⣬·ʱ顣
أ̫סҡĽţۿתҭǡǲ̫¡
̫꣬Ժˡҡʵ̫ΪЩɣԵ޹ȥڵأڳĶȻֱӽʥˣʵڲ̫ɺϡ
̫ԼǱдȶȽںߡ
ܵҡǰ˵ڴүûɣû뵽ҾȻ¶˹
£ҡӸո˼лعЦЦ˵ô϶ԭȫǿµġ
ڿеľ⣬Ǻųﲻڵͨһӽʥû˾֮ܿȦûãοҪһˡ
ʵΪݵƲ⣬ܽв𣿡תٺһЦ˵ʥԻ࣬û뵽ġ
ԻࣿǿŽ򣿵ǹȦνͣ
¡¡ԭȻֶҡʲô°Ϸ
ˣ˳һ϶һʥΨһûбڵƬǳذȻһ飬¶һĶڡ
һֱûȻʲôҲû˵ǸڶߣȻҲ˵
ҡ⻹ûü˵Ѿű򶴿ڣۣȻбȪڴүˣ
̧֪ͷڰյǿŽȻ֪ʲôʱʧˡ
뵽ղϷֵƹŹϢҡɻ󲻶ԴӽһֱֵֹģѾкüβİϢˡ
ϵ׷ʲô£
ҡ򴽣ǣ̫һ˶ڡ
֮ǰȴڻ뿪ʥʱڣƬҲҧȥ
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ЩӾȻЩƣҲ֪ɺϻ顣
ֻһͨҲþǱߣǰ棬Ѿͣס˽Ųҡ⼲ǰǰĳסˡ
ײڵҲûжٹǰĳӾһΧҲ˷ˡ
һʲôˣ貵ĽɫС淢ĽУ·һ׵ҫ۽âĵܡ۾ţ̵۽ƺҲǳɫǳ۵ı΢΢·֮С
ȻЩҡĵط𾪵ĵطؿڵλãǶһǹǸǹֱӶ壬ǹͷѾӺ¶ˡ
⣬ǹڵ˳š
лҪ˵  ĳʽţ
˵Ҫģûдorz죬һдQAQ



93 ⣩
Լƺʲô£ǰΪǲҪ, ֱֵֻȥǲ, ֪ȴʲô
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һ˴, 𣿡ǸĹֿʼ˵ˡ
Ѿϰ飬˵˦Сβ, ûһö
ͣһֲʼį˵˵ҿʼ˵, Ǵ, 
ٳͰӳ޿̵ĴĻ
ףԭüѽ, ޹˵, ҪӾӰɣ̫ˣûҡ
һ, еڸղûס, ļơ
Σһĵ˵
̸ֻ˵ɣҲ˿һĹٶ
Ҿȥ, ҲáŴ, ·Ĺ塣
վ, ϲ̸׼ŵʱ򣬿ڻ𽡣
˽
ҶˡԼĶԽ˵ʮ֪Ȥȥ׼
㣡޳յĴ󻵵ϵʮ, Ҳ˼֡
ܺõĴﵽȻԲҸζã
˲ãţһŰӣ硣
ûźˣԼӼһƬг͸ƬƬĳ
ҪúóԣЦһֱϣһƨպðֻŴǵԱߡ
Ȼ壬ѹЩˣǷ˿ӡ
ҪҪѩ󤣬ԸһҪˡǵѩ㾧Ө͸ѩŵм䣬һڿƵǰ
ܳԵĻ࿴۰ɣ˵ԺбϵˣƵЦ
쵰Ҽסˣ ҧгݵ˵
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޴ڱҶζġҡε϶ӡ߲ĹӰֻȵ£еʳ
µʯһˣʯϰڷŲߣˮɢ㡣
ڿʲôոնڲԶ˻ˡ
üԼੲݣɽȡһϣ㿴ɣ𳳡
׽ϹӼǡʶһ㣬Ľһһٵ֮󷢳һЦԭ㻹顣
뿴ˡȻҳЦһķۣ뽫ߡ
˭˵Ҳˣҿҿ˵ǺȻӦԣҲûãַ顣
⻰㶣ȻʹһˣԼҲմϴ¶ˡ
磬һ𿴡յࡣ
ܾ֪ľȻ˳ĻӦѾ顣
ˣⱾϴλδ꣬Ҿ͵һ£˾Ҳͣˡ
ҿˡ
ٶȣҲʾͷҳ˿ٶ޼һʱΧֻʣҳͷ紵Ҷġ
ԼСʱ׼ҳʱȻֹĶ
ȵȣбĵ˺ѽǾ̾
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㻹Ķ𣿡ʡ
ԺתһȦȷʵûطҡͷûС
ŶǾˡŨŨʧ
˵˵Ƕ׫Ѿָһط˵ֻδҲ̫ˣһܵĵȥ͵֮ûѾˡ
˵ûĴѪͳӡ˶٣Ǿ
ŶʵһӢḷ́ˡ
˻ϻ֮ϵ˼һ֪黹ܿô໰Ҳ󣬼ʲô˵
ֵǣָоȻҲˡ
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ӣǱѾ׼ˡ
ſϵŴɤź棺Ҫȥģ
ûлشĻüšš䵭Ŀڣš
˵Ů˷ţܸ֪˸һ·׷ӿ첽Թһ䣺ιͲһ𣿡
û𴽽ǣĸߵŮѾ߹ӭСˣѾ
΢ǣĬĬ˽ȥĿһڷأ滹ð뵵еĺɫҺɢŨصҩ㡣
мҩͯһҩҺС
ĸ׿첽ߵǰüͷ΢΢𣬡ζ˼ǧҩҩԻϴҡ
֪ˡȻĵͷĸ׽Ҫ˵Ļס
ĸüֹ󰵰̾˿ͷȥɡ
Լһ˴š
Ҳ;ܾУҩ̫ңһ˳ô죿
ȡһҩԡȨ
ſϣͷҲصʣҩԡ
֪ߡû˵
վߵǰЦֲǲ֪û뿪㣬ĺˣҶС岻Ȥ
ҭҭһ仰Ůӣ˵ֻ𣿡
ѽ˵ǻ˼棬˺ò֪ߵѵЩʲôĵ˵ȻȻ·ˣȥɣ˵ñҩԡЧء
붼룬ǲֳ㿴ģЩ̣֪Ļ
ѵֻ֪гͰܿ𣿣
ôһƯƤëţȥҩɢ˱һˮÿĲÿҶˡ
ֱӻΪ壬ûӦ֮ǰԾ벼ҩҺڡǿҩЧı壬֫ٺ类˺Ѱ㣬־Щ㱡
֮䣬һ˵
ۣΪʲôôɰοɰ̫ˣ

㱼䣬вһ䣺͵űɣ
***
㻹ǵҸո˵ĻŹȥһжȥġ
㲻֪˭𣿡
ҿҪˣٲ۵ĻҲˡ
ιˡ

ӣӣ
һĻ䣬ϵѩ⣬üԺҲϿˡ
Ů֣뽫ѩȥ
ˣȷɡķֻɵСˡ
ʱһˣӣ˵ˡ
ʶվĿⶢŸںˡ
˹ҪѾȲĻ
ҵˣ
СӣС˵ĻС޲һ飬λò֮ˡȡһ򣬹Ľߵˡ
Ůӹ̽в鿴ˣЩʧ⼸ֹ̬
һγֵʱԼԼһѺҲǸੲ˺üµ
ȲɡǸȴûʲôϣ
Ҳ֪Լڼʲôֻһֶ֪ķ˾˾ˣҪǲ֪ٵ޲һ顣
ҲҺǲ֪ڿЩʲôܶõԴ㹻ֻ࣬峤һߣȻҲ޷޷һ顣
ʱʱ˲ͣͣһ˫ԺнһǱһңڼ
ž֪޾ѹŵˣɻ˵ʲôô
öСòӣѾԭģ
лҪ˵  N飬ĵҪ£emmmmǲ̫⣬̫ᴧСӵдúܲ˳֡Ů̬ǣܸ֪ܲĶǿĳ࣬˶ŮĸƬΣһƬҡ뿪֮ټΪʲôʧȥ䣬ǸʱŮûԭڣҵԭĹ켣ܻᷢģȥļ䡣󣬷ôãǳǸǸ⣡ǿᰮ~~
ps:ǲϻһ



94 
ǹһ˶ôЩ, ѵǽڲɱǰ֮˭, ʬΪҪʥ, רסʬ
ڣϲʶڵ, ˶ʶǰʬӦûӡɣ
ڶˣ۾һ˿ɻ, ʶ, ڴүеӡ󡣡
һλ츳ȺΪһʥӡ, ˵еʥӶҪ, ǹΪ
ҡⲻ⣺˼λʥӣΪʲôǹ߱
һ߱, ˶һǹ֮Խǹ, ڡꡯ֡ɻǹɱǹȻҲǹһáꡣĽӹ, ĿתĶеĽ, ׼ȷ˵ؿڵǸǹ, лĹ⡣
ǲǣķˣ˵֮ǹҪҵȪ͸ˡڶзŽǹ, ֮ɫֻ֮һߵǰûܵסջ
ˡ
ҡ·ҰͨӰɫСһһԼӡǵ沿ߵýˣɵĹâ£¶ǵݡ
û뵽Ƚľǹ㡣˵޷μ쾳жͿ嫣վԵŮʥŮ档
ԭޣͨһؾĴֱӵųǵġһ·˼ˣЩ˶һȺ׳סȵһ
߹ͬע⵽б˺Ǹǹ޲¶ɫ
ǡǹΪŮʥŮȻʶƬ̾ȷǸǹ
Աߵԭҡ⿴Ļ¶Ի֮ɫƬ̺кȻȻͳȣ۾еǹ
Ϳ嫴ߵߣζĿˣȻԪʧ
ͿԪʧ֮˻мֱôûпɫĴ
ͿĿһշһǶǰǹȤڶ֣Ǳˡ
۾ɨһ档
ǹ־ڱصãýƿƫͷͿ嫣ǹһĨζЦݡ
Ϳü΢̧¶һЦݣҵıδѡǹʱ򡣡
䲻ţҲ뽫ǹʦ񡣡ȡһδ깤߱ڻУϹһǳЦ
ҡ⿴ߣлһ˿˼û뵽ӳ̥ջ䵽ڴʥδƳɹǰֻα
ǹ˻ǾηǲЩ޳ܣҪһ̾͸ЩͳͳڵءضżˣǹճһĨЦ
濴ҡ⣬ɫ΢δѣϵ̫ʯҪźˡ
һ仰ҡ˲ٳޣ̫ʯܻܿ䵽ϣͿ̫ʯ´ʱƵ˵Ķ档
ϧͲܺദ̲ⷬ˵ûʲô˼
Ҹýеъӡעҡ⣬ȻһЦһھ͵ݡ
˻һͿ嫣һֱ˼жӹһ˿ɫȻҡݣȻ֪£뵽ҡĹע˵Хɶּ˼ӡ
һЩʡҡָգϴĽɫ
ûҲûϣ˼ԣû֤ݵҲϣ˵ӣó֤
ɫ΢䣬û뵽ҡ⾹Ȼ˵ĻϧǹĪĸӦû֤ݣȻ¶
Ҳ֪ΪΣҡĸӦȻʧЧˣȷǶԷİỹǺһϢ
Ǹؾе֪һЩ£Ȼɲ꣬Ѿ֪ǰˣֻܴһ
֮ǰµ־ϢϢء
ҡȻЩʲôֻЩμ棬ǹΪӦʧˡΪݹǳǳŲͨ϶ҲԵ
˵ԼһڸͻԵ
*
Ȼҡ͊ͬһϢ͸¶ʲôϢҲȲǹջΪ˱˷ֺǹͿһʱס˶ڡ
񶴵ȻΪˣͿ嫺˲һģʱܵ򡣶ȻԪʧ˭ҲʲôƣҡߵʵԴ⣬ľ֮£˭Ҳȶ֡
һ֪Ϳ˵ʲôתͷҡ⼸˵ȥ˷ʱ䣬Ƚȥ㣬֪λΣ
ҡ΢ܾ֪Щʲô
λʲô¾һԣ¶ǹȤ󡣡ˣҡһʱ֪«ʲôҩ
лҪ˵  ҡ⣬һflag÷Ůˡ



95 
ɫһߣԸ˵һ, ϶⡣
絽, ȴ˵ǹȤ汧߽, ĿŲ׽
̧, һڹһںڰУɫĹâϣ޷·մ˽, տڵͫ, ľ汻ʯӼǵĹâ
Ӱ, ƺΪڰԵ, һɲ״ĹͫһĨΣյİ졣
Ѿ͵޷ᣬ˳ɡ
һֱעҡü΢, ۲ת䰵ɫ, ۽ڴЦⷨʺ, Ȼ˳, Ҳ˳ˡ
µĴڵɴ, һŵģдм䣬, ۾ҡ֮شתͷһת˵ͷ
Ӫգۼһ˵Ҫ˳һȭȴ޻ϣ˼Ȳζֽ䱸
㵽ڴʲô⣿Ϳ嫽üһ˫ϵͫʴźâ
΢治ɫ˵ͿŲţµȷƫͷҡ⣬΢ԼҲʺҡ
ҡɫĪбһۣѧ˵ʲôһҲġ
ȻֻƳһۣ˿ȴüĿ顣Ϳҡ⣬תͷע˵ȻˣǾûʲô˵ˣֻسŵ
˵Ｘ䣬˶һۣһʩչԵͨ
䣬ܹ˵Ǽ٣ȥи˷
ͿʩչõſռͨΧĿռ䷢Ťʹǽ˲ְϣֻңһźƴϢâ䵽֮ϡ
ƺûǵĽ࣬˰벽ŷųԪ𻯳ɵȸԪ𡰺䡱һһOO@@·޴ڣգۼ佫ŰΧ
׳棬Ľ׳棬⸱ƺ񴳽˽׳ĳѨ
ҡ⿴ĿĽ׳棬Щ顣̲ס׳滹͸¶ģǲµн׳ûΪԭ
˵еȻǽ壬ֻ˽׳棬÷·ǵϳֽ׳ҪʹΪػ˵ĸо
ԣȡ׳أ
ЩȻֵĽ׳ȻֻЩˣԼֱȽ׳滹ûüעǰͺ̵ĳΧͿ嫺ߡ
ȻԹۣ嵽Ϳ߰Ȼһ֧ţȺʹ¾սҲһʱ
վһԣĿĵˣؿǶħ֣һ͵ĳ֮СĿһ
ԱһֱֳҡæסĲϵĹŹ֮
㡭ɫ΢䣬ɲ̫Ϥˣʱ򷢲ɣ
ͷҡ⣬ɫĪԭΪֻԶΪڿԼǡ
ҡЩĻ뵽һ·ĹŹ֣һп»ǺϵǶħйء
ǽĵ̣ħʲôϵ
Ϊעϣҡٽֳͼóһö̵Բ׵УԲ򷢳һҫ۵⣬ԲΧĽ׳ס
Щûмֶã׳Ŀͳͳ顣öԲƺʧԪȻѸٸɱ䣬¶澧Өںˡ
ҡںе죬öʥ֪ʱʧοսȻ֣ںƺǣڣڵ͸Ϊһ塣
óԲʱҲһŰеĽǴԲ֮ǰǸؾ񣬸ոȻʶȡԲû뵽ֹᷢı仯
ں˺϶Ϊһ󣬱һǿ⡣ǹɢ֮ԭĽ׳治֪ʱʧӰ١
ʱûע⵽ʧĽ׳棬˵߶ϡͶһϣһнԳӰ
Ƕһ£һź£Χաƶٶ̫죬ڳûܲ׽ǵĶֻܿĨӰڷɿƶ
ֳһڳ.ǹħ죬·ĺɫ̨ʮ졣Եıʶҡһһ̹Ȼ˹ųǺʧȥټĺ֪Ӻδͣǰ
Ȼħ棬λ˭ӡµĳӰռϷ磡
ҡĿתĿͶӰû˸ȻǰֻӡµͶӰ˾Ͷɢƥѹڳ˴·һͻᱻ˷
˴մħԨֱħԨѣħԨӿħԨΧħ屻˶**ӶӲֱӻҷ
һǴħԨ䵽麣ƽĶ麣ɲΣˮӿˮ׷·ʲôѡӰƺڶ麣ʲô˼ɣһʱ䱻ħʱѹס
һƬΣһϤĵطҡ⿴ŻеĴ׹һȻ˽ʥǣѵʥǵĸλйأ
ֻǻûӡĻ·ţħ޲TߺȻǵķ򿴹˫ɨڳ˸׹ߣ·ӡ
һ̣飬Ϊϡ
û˻һȼɫĻ棬ǽޱȣôҲˡ
ҡ⿴űɫȼյ㱼俴һ棬ħ޲Tֶһ˽ɫ.ǹһ˶ڵء
Ǹ˽ɫĴ䣬ɫѪҺһأһ˫ȱ̿ջҪɫϡ
ʹģҡһֻ֣ƺҪ˫۾
ôˣץס֣üĽķ¶Īɫ
ҡӻѹԼȥֱ׽ס֣ûӸոյĻȫոôˣ
ʱһġ֨еʬ壬ˣ
һֻ޳סؿڵĳ.ǹ΢΢һʹĳ.ǹ壬ţֵ˻۾
ҡ⿴ڻʱ˫۾һ˫Ȫˮϴġɫ
ǰ˿ۿɼٶȬֱ˿ȫ
Ȫھ
ԭЩ磬ڵĻ΢΢תʼƶӲ塣һžĹؽ춯ǹѵ֮߳
ɢɭɭƽɫ۵Ľɨڳˣͣҡϡ
Լ̫û˵ŵֻźһ˵еǹȻʹķĿֱָ
Ǹ˳.ǹĿλûȥٶ֮˭ҲûзӦ
ɫ䣬ȵ
ǹǹͷͣؿڣѾ½Ҳסǹͷ
˭Ҳûзһڹǹͷӿڣ˶ûвֻڰյ΢΢һ¡
лҪ˵  жͷòеemmmmѹסˣҪͰ
֮ǰ˵ҪΪŮ֪£ȻŮڻ֪ݣ㲻ͷӬһ˭֪
жеƫˣ嵱Ȼг򣬲жĳƽʱ
ԭŲڡԭŮ뷨ֲ֪ͰԭŮдòϲˣԭŮһļС˵ͬɣعҡ⡢Ůŵ˳˳ˮˣԸҲ˱仯
һbug޲Tǵڶش䣬ǵһΡ



96 
˰벽ɫصĵǰĿλĽӡ
Щ˼, Щ˻, Ǹ, µˣе, ð֮¡
ޱĽǹȡ£Ȼ磬¡
ӵ, ֻ¡
ѿǽλΪпܴﵽԶŴ۾ʥӡĿŽ, ⻰ȻеֿڣϢʵľ
ԶŰ, ʱ׽ϵ֮ǿ߹λ, ۡʥ棬ҲǹϵлϵĴܣħͳΪ, ǼλҲΪۡ
ʷ֮ս˫˫, ˵ҲѾɣʥ֪٣ʱλʧ˼ʮꡣ³ϴǰ˺ۼ, ˵ҲӦÿ챻, ʵλ۵ڡ
Ǹǿ߱ʱ, ƾһ֮ѹ󱲾ʮʥ̹ԱȲĵ۵ľ磬ȴ˵ǰλĽӱΪԴﵽ۵ĸ߶, ʵڽ˾ȡ
ץץͷһЩȻЦλˣǻֻǰļЦ档
˵˼ߵǰ֪Ƿµˣ»Щҩ²
˵ͳɽеĶ˭֪δ˵ɫͱˣֻóҩȫΪһҩ࣬ɢһֵζҲǣϹžʧˣʱ϶֮ǰôʱҩҲûΪҩˡ
ˣΪΧǹüʼûɿˡð¿ɷ֪˭˵ģ
⻰̫ˣǹֱӴĿڶǴˣҪءֱֻ˭ҪɱڳЩȣΪðĻʵڲ˵ġ
˿һĻҡ⣬ҲԽӱǹ֮¸е棬ʴҲû˳Ļش
΢΢һ㶣ɫͫ÷·ܵӳӰĳ.ǹƬ̣Ȼ̧ͷ̹Ȼħ޲T
һȻޱ飬лй¶һ˿Ȼ˵һ𾪡
ħʱѾǺϵϵʥ˶С֣ǱΪۺߵʥӣѵħ棬ħԶ֣
λΪλ㶯֣һֱûͿ嫽ü΢ѿڶʡ
ԵЩͱ˵Ϳ嫣ЦЦһֵ˵Ϊɱңһһɱ
һĳš
ɱϵʥˣ˵
˳Ĭ촽˲ЩǣλѾˡ
ôӣƽƺϢԾκüŵ˵ɡ
ˣʲôʱҲ֪ҳ˯˶áЩ䣬ƯɫͫȾһ˿ãȻ
ģæĵĽ粿־ƸҲĻ⣬ûнѾ¸
ۣȪȪôˣ
ҽеĻֻھƨɰѵأǰմһˮա
׵лߵǶ˼ʮĵطЩ˵ȻȪҲݽˡ
ȪˣȪôݣڴѵ۾ɵÿͭȻĻôš
ε˵Ҽʮ꣬Ҳõݽߵʱˣ˵ߵҡǰֵллｫ»ѣȻһȪݽߣС
ԭһֱϹĬĬ۲˵ҡ⣬Ļе죬Ȼ˵ǿŽ򣿡
ոһֱ˼ǰӣСһһԭдδֹˡֱӱħֻɱϸ⣬ܱħ濴صټħԳֵС֮١
صǣϹǰˣûбУͱ⻹Ҫ˵ʱ򣬻ʥӵɰ׷
С˵ûгֹʥȻҲܳǿŽ򡣵ȻҲһֿܣŮų֮ǰѾ˽ʥõųʥӣȻҲһȡߣԭûʥĺۼ
ֻߣǷųʥӣֱɱ
׵֮û·ǸмֻȻһǹﲻ³ŵΪ£֪Σ
㲻Ϊ㣿ҡüʲôƶûᣬ˵λʥ滹ţ
·ЩĿʶץץĽ𷢣һõĻȣɫ÷·ȪУ￴Ϊ˵ӣܹʲôҪֻҪض߾ܡ
ҡգգۣƽ޹ʶ˸˵ݣȥҲ뵽Ƴû˼ҵ̬ȶá
ѳԼʥӣһԵͿ嫿·ǣϵͫʻâķȻһڵΪεϺΪ
Ļ˵꣬ҡҲطӦʥûһ˿Ϊͨˡ
·ƫͷͿ嫣˵Ϊô
δ䣬ϿʼһԵϢһ·쭣ֱԪһ󾳽ľſͣ
ʥӵȻʧû¹ഫ˵ٳһۺߵĳƺòٵĴ콾֪ôһˣ˽һЩϢ
ûʧǰȷľΪʮľ˴ļ¼
ɳ콾ţʥպȴǰʧ콾һᱻɷزĽ̻󱲣úΪ䡣
һλֻڴ˵ͷزгֵȻǰͿ嫡Щ˻Щ
ԣʥҲȷǹıѵ¶һƱղ֮䣬ʵûмǲ²Ӷࡣ
ͿʵףǿģٲڵΪ졣ŮͿңó󣬾񶼲һЩԪС
֮ǰеʥӲûиȻ˭˭ģڹڼ/ʦţΪƾǵΪסǹ˻ڣЩˡ
ǹȷʥΪ廹ǵĽ壬ȻûиǹϹžѾ壬ʥһľӵһͯȺ붼Ǳ˺ˡ
·ָḧǹʮ̹ϵĴȷǹҽǹ
лҪ˵  ȡĺȡжֺȡboss֮ԵҲû֣ΪҶûʲôQAQ˳ҲǱ֮һҡֺԵ֣



97 
ҡ޷ĻΪ˰Ѻͷɵʲôʲô
ôʥӵ, Ϊ˫츳
ӿһĪ, ·ƺ޲, ḧǹֺȻһ٣, ͨϬ
ĴڲԵİͷûүǴ˵еͨϬ
ҡһ, װʶ, ͨϬ˭ģԼ
ȷǹˡһİȻ, ڳ֮˱һ, ֪ǴӺδġ
Ǵëըˣ۾Բɣ, ԣû
ԣе, ҡһֲ֮ǰʥʱ򣬴˵һô, Ӳ񾳵λ
ĸ, ʱ, ǸЩɵ˵һת, Ȼ⸱ӣˣ
һλеϢҲеڷǴĶֵġ
·ǹ
񱻲ȵβһ㣬߳ŭķʲôڴүûУһ׼ǲң
ܺãͨںԵĻϵףҡѾȷˣھֻ㱳ġؼһֻϬѰתȻǺеġָʲôʥ֮һ׼ԼǹΪǹ顣
׼֮һߵȻ·ʵûɵ˭ǹȾҪǹһء
ĳ̶ֳǹѾڽˣҪĨ겻ףͨʵҪǼԣԱʯ٣Ǿ͵ʴˡ
ⲽߵȻ·ǻǻΪӵΪʸ֮ģȫȴõһıϣҪǹȶҪúõǷܴӮǹ
ǰͿͫ΢˲Ϣ䣬Զʱڽһλδ񾳾ͱΪս񡱵𣬺ųơ޵С˵ľԡ˵ǹӲ񾳴ܵĹһնɱλ
Ҫ֪ΪԽ棬֮ĲһһƩ֮䣬ʮΧһλ񶼲һ˵Ȼǹ˵ܿѹЩʵˣԵǹѹʵЩ˼顣
һλ˼־ĺ˺ȻǰȻѾûǽЩľս
ֳľƶȻһת·ǴӿСҡһ䣬Ϊ˵ĽɫֻҪԸ⣬ʱԽڳ֮˳
̶̲һʱʱ䣬ӷ׳湥ʥӸٵսǹ飬һ½һȥֱҵͷǣһʱ
˵Ҳ̬չǧ
ǰʥޣͿϱɨӭͿ̬תúܿ죬Ĺֵ
ΪĹ֮һȻʵѾǰ廹ҪǿЩԶǿЩͿô˵Ҳͻأ
ȻҪ֮ǰ˵ҪǹĻ
˪ӹһ˿ѿҲ̬̬ܿȹ˵ŮҲӭǰʥ͡
Ůվźϵʥˣ㣬һ䲻ʾںϵʥ˵ķҲʧ񡣱ϾŮҪʥӣùĻǽʣĶ硣
һʼҲû˵ҪǹΪͬ˳ƶΪ룬ʥӳֺԴ̬Ҳʮƣλͬĳ£ΪֱܸѺá
ҡλųʥӵĶڣڳýλĺøС
ȻĵطȻԳΪǹ飬һ־ȻȹʵЩ˵ȥ
ϾͿˣͷβû¶Ҫǹ˼ǹһ£·ǵķӦܵΪ
ѵԲδǹ
ҡ˼ʱֻһʲôû˵
յЩΡ
ԣѲȪȥˣҵˣʹүһƿ~ûбס˵·𲻼ǵøո˭һҪ˺ӡ
·̿ĿŴڣε˵ȪȷѾûˣ㿴Ȫ۶ݽˡ
ָڵǴԼĪȭͷȪۣȷʵʲôûУ˵˭ҲǾǴĲȪȪۡ
˵Ȫ۶ܿ
ԵĻδ䣬ѾӶ˶ֱӽȪΧһƬȫϲ̵ıڻ
ڣҡЩͷۣ˵Ȫ۶ڣ⵨ӹʵġ
·ӺףƺҲ֪˵ʲôãһҡ⣬˵ͨϬ͹ǩԼȻϲ͵͸ļɡ
ģҡȪ˵ֵǮɣǴ˵вȪȪۣҪ˵ֵǮѾȫݽˣԶӿȪˮ
޳ҲֻȪۻõó֣ȻѾݽߣôЩ塣·ǳҡգգۣôȤ˵ǹû˵Ҳζûзԡ
ҡⱻգ۵Ķõ˼֣ʥһִϢ˴򽻵ʮٺһƵĺȣ·ִԸϲ
ʶ˺ͺȣЩֵֹġҡѹƳԵȴ۽΢ƺԼ˼С
ԼߣعĿת·ǣƽ˵Ѿʧ֪ʥӳȥкδ㣿
˲֪ʲôԵʶûἰ飬赭д͵ƣһʱֿʼ
·ЦҲû¶𾪵ƺ֪¡ۣǳĳȶκŵĴߣȥҿдˡ
ƽ˭Ҳƽӿ
ǹһΧĿռ䱻һܸܵеҪĿռＷ
֮Ȼͬ죬ɫһࡣ
*
»ص棬ҡ֪ʱڶڸȴ·Ǻ¶𾪵ɫ
ʥӣˣ
ҡЩĻﻹǲ˹Ȼ˵ĸоȻǧ˿ƵĹϵ
·ͫ΢ת¶ı飬Щȷ˵ֻ󴳽С棿
ϲĴԣң
ضЩᷢĽɫСʵͬһԴǶǽ׳ʳ뿪ʥΪػʥǵһ
޴ƣΪʥǡʥǣȴֳ֪Ϊ˳˯֮Ҫ౵ѪѪѳ
Ϊʲô֪ЩԼһǿҵֱ˵ڤڤһڸ
·ǻ⣬̯֣һֻͨĳӡ͸죬һƺ˳˯
λӡ۰Ͱ͵Աߵҡ⡣
ҡ̧ͷŲԶԼȸܵķౣĥoźȸǲֻһܣ۾ˡožǫoţҪսȸѷһ
ౣȻţŷëͺ˻Щۣðװֵķëͺˣġ
ġɲǼٵģƳɫЩ׵ﰵ⻹öԷ˵ء
οҲˡ
лҪ˵  ѡжСɰǣǲҪ嶯ϮǲϮģĳʽֻܰʾˡ



98 
ҡ⻹ڰͺëķౣһͿѾ̲סڡ
ʥӴ, ֪տлʥָһ
ȻոͿ·ʾ, ҲǾ, ʵķڷЩ֮ͬӣ֮, ٻ˱Լûб֮ǰǾ
ʥΪԶĩڵķΪۺ, ֱзӡ˼ʮ, ־ô͸һɹŹ֡
еĹ֮, ˶֪һʱʥӵж, ʵʵ
·㶣ȻӣƯЦ΢΢䣺̸ָ, ˯ôʱ, д裬֪γƺ
ͿϣͿ嫡ͿɫȻȡԼ, ǹЩ֮, Ҳѹǹϲˡ
һʵԸսӰ켫, ܻǹʹ壬ĻΪһ, ǹǻص
·΢Ц壬·ǡ
Ϳ嫵Դͬ·ΪԪջņ̀ȼһؽɫ棬ִһͨ
Ϳ嫿Ķζӳ£Լ꪿϶סǹһԷóԼóĳ/ǹ̬ȷ·һӡ
ûֱ֣ꪳ룬һӰ·ǹȥһԿΪҲ·ĸܶܲ
·Ҳûܣ΢ᵶԵӭֱжȥꪵŵһתֱ֮䣬˳ƴɲȨ
Ϣ֮ѽֲ¼ʮУͿɫ΢б·ǣȻһʼЩ赫˵һģʮĳߣδжӲսʶȻˮƽʱţԿ״̬ԽԽá
˵д裬˵Ǹ·ǵ
ԼͿꪹֵ̡ܽ
½󱻻һӣĿڵλòһ硣δŭ·ǵ۾ȼս⡣
ϣԺʥֽ̣һΣһỹһ
·ɫ䣬ǫѷ׵á
Ҳʥֽһü΢šǰ
·߲ܣƢӦս
׼·վûóǹͿ嫶սͬûи͵ĵƮأֱ¶һ˿ŷΪһɱûзֵء
ҡһԿ·ˮɸпǱΪۺߵͿ嫺ôͬеĶ·һȣͬѧ·ͯͻܲܣú
˵׷ǳˣûһ겻񣬷սǿҡ
ƫͷۺϷʵСʣǹԣ֪˭ʤһ
ӦñͿһЩ·ǱͿ˲ֹһ㣬·ƺҪǿ
ҡûЩ֮ʤԣȻһλճѹȺһ뷨ѹ뿴֡ǿУܲжԷһ΢ĸо
ԭҲκʱӮȷ츳׿˱Ӳһ·̳øʵ
ŤͷһüǹһĨǳǳĻȣ˵֪
ҡƳ۲Զ·ǣƣҾԶ׼
ϴһЦҡ⻹ûӦ֮ǰѾ߹ȥʥӿԸǹдһ
ĻҡֻԼǷ˲˵ô˼Ļ˵Ԫʧǹ㹻Ծͷ
˵ҡ⣬ĻҲ¶һŹֵɫ⻰Ǵ˵ġ
ڴʲô⣿Ϳ嫵һ˿Ĺ⣬ӡı󶯵Ǹʱ״̬Ӧ䡣
˵ûԪʹȫʢ֮ʱҲӲĹ
˵Ŀ⣬ޱȡһѽߡǽ߿ۣѰ߻ҪֲһЩǱ֣µ˭ҲὫСõľ߷С
·Ŀ΢ĽߣԭźЦϴ֣أһС
һСƵľߣԶ裬ʱûԪ˵ѹȴ˿δ
ɫ/ǹĹâűɫںڵĽײ֮ʱûз죬Χȴһɲĺڶεڿռĸַ֮ڼ£ʱնһ˿Ť
ǹһõǰѲ۵ĺɫԼһ⣬ϸԷԭֲڵĽ߷·𱻰ǲ㲻۵£¶еɡ
ϧ˿ֻƬ̣úֱԭ۵ģ
ǻһѪ漴һǿҵ·ͻʲôϢȻһ䣬ΪѸ쭵ԪںδֹͣƺϾͻƵԪڡ
ѹ׵**ջؽߣ벻ӲǵѪգ·׵ллȫ
·ǰڰЦлң͵Ϊ֮ǰҪϲһ
˶һۣȻûиĽĳĽڶ֮侲ʣһ΢ЦһȻ޲ػ档
*
ΪԼסģҡҧгݵĿŻһ·ʲô⣬ԪʧԼġ
ԭѾ߹ˣû뵽˻ܸһ㣬ǰѽֵܵǹĹƷô˵Ҳǹ١
·ǣ˭Ҳ֪ӵĽߡ
Щŭһ˼ſڣô⡭
ڳıʣܿƵġӲҪֱһֻ˵͡ĺ֢ԪͬҲһģӮȻ棬Ϊһ
ˣһʴгһճסʧ
ħѾʶһǰֵ޲Tʼδ޲Tع飬ħбزٵӣħҪգֱŻԭȸӸӡ
¶˵δǺ£ħһ⣬Ȼͬвֱħƣ־ɶࡣ
ֻǵĻǼʥ֮󣬻˵ǹųʱĨֵļ¶ڴ񣬷·ʲôٻǹԺֻʣڡ
Ϊֵ֤ϧóǹȻħܵǹһ˿¡
ֱϲԼúʲô£һô˵¡
лҪ˵  е⣬ڴΪǹ.ڵǵڹ⣬ħܵķӦڹڣڴȻûˡҲûϵܿͻˡ



99 
Ůˣ
ҡⱻǾɲĻµҭȻһе, ̧ȥ, ֻ֮ǰǸŮڵýָų, ԱվˣʮǱ, ӦǸողӳ׳Χˡ
ɽĿת·ϣѾͷһȺԼﵽת֪ʥθ룿
ҡƺԼʥҲǵ۹Ҷ, Ȼûе֡
ʥǵʱɷ/ȥѰ, ϧһֱûټƵĽڣ֮˲֮, ȻЩϧ, ·ŵȪۣʵڲ˼ٴ⡣
˼֮ʱǹȻ·ɳ, ʥϿ, һȥ
ʥǺȻӿâһһӰֱ׳ʥǡľ𶦾Ϊʿǹ¾Ҳ޷֮
ϵǼѪ˽ʥǵ, Ͻ󱻽׳Ϯ, ܰȫ˲ࡣûһ, ʥֻʣº·һҡ⼸ˣǰķŮȺ˶ûѣֱӱ˳ȥ
ǹһ, ǸҡЩˡ
ʥڵļ˶ĬȻóѾܸˡ·Ҳû˵»صǹһǰ棬ӰЩ
ߵúԵеأʥϷĽɫâΪһ׵Ľ⣬Ⲣûнյùâ䣬һ˿øУ·һգ˾ͻʧ
ЩסĽ˻ǰƣ·بδ䣬ϲʱмֻĽ׳·ǿһ˵Ӱ¶Ʊϲ飬ͣһŮͯǰ
ҡ΢֮ǰڲײǸСֻ·ǸСŮץŵ֧ûüʢĻȡ˵˾ʲô
ˣƯĲûһ˿覴ãĻȺǻܹ죬Լǽеԣڳ˶û˵ʲô
֧뿪Ůͯ·ΪɳɢڿУſ֣Ŀһ
ǹһ·ǱˣǹڿһһεĲӳ/ǹϴΧطɢеĽȫΪɫɳ֪ĶһƷ磬Щڵϵɳգգۼ䲻֪δȥˡ
ɫЩɳԶʥΪһ塣
ʧʮʥǸþ¹ԭԵĽ˶ΪʧʥǳױΪһĿճǡ
·Ǳżˣվԭפ㲻ӰЩ¶
*
뿪ʥ·ǲ֪ʲôѪŵż˵潫ʥߡ
µʥǣȻѾһЯķֲϢĲ¡
»һЩҪݷãʹ˱·ǵѾڼһһɨͣҡϣʯͫй⻪
˵չһԽɫʧԭء
ʣ¼˸µĿѼ󣬸Խ뿪
Զƫͷҡ⣬üͷ΢΢𣺡ǹͷ֮˱ȻҲᱻصע
ҡ˼ĿǰǺ·ǲˣϾ·ǻǷ£С»֡
Ҫ̫ӽȪۣδûлˮ˼û˵ƳһۣЩĪ
ǹ⣬ľǲȪʥӵڽȪ͸ҡ⣬ֱǹͲȪѹ
Ȫ۵ϢһȥʹǿݽߵȪۣҲᣬһ˾͸ˡ
֪ҡ򴽣ЩȻҲǲ̫·ôģܿ˵ҪȪ͸ʱеϣ˿ûα˼
ҲûǿȪۣȻգȻҪеõȪ۵ķաֻȡĺ£ĹľҪеȼҶϵķա
Ȼͣ½Ų΢ѹ͵۽޵סɫԵ޹ʵ˵˾䣺λҪԸˡ
ʲôҡĿȴɫ԰׵ÿ£ϺȻʼѪŰ׹һʧ϶һֻԵĺ꣬ѩ׵ƤëϲѪˡ
ӣɫ䣬嵽ǰҡס
ȵȣȱҡȻĶԼҲЩţû뵽¿ı壬һţ˸ǰĺǸ·ԶݵĹ
Ŭ֡Ȼ׼ڴϣĻ³˳
濴ƺûʲô˿ڣѾȫƻòӣӦǱǹͽʱನˡ
ôص˻Ӳôʱ䣬֪ò
лҪ˵  е㿨İǸ첹ȱһǧ֣·ʱߣߵʱߵʱ



100 
ҡЩ񲻰ӣԱߵĴתת, Ŀ̫, ˵̫ѽ, ʱҪˡ
̫꾯ˣܾ, ҪҪҲŲҪȻ
ôһѣҡ۾һ, ôص, ͨĵҩȺʱûʲôЧ̫Ͳһ, ׽̫ǰ, ϻǳɾ̫ꡭ
̫꣬ô֮ǰһԣֻҪһ, ʹġ
ҡ⿴Ա߻̫, ж֮ǰȱ̫꣬Ȼ̫껯šɵе⣬˻ݡ
ҪҪ, ̫ʹ̫ƴͷ, һҪ顣
ҡⰵ̾һ, ʾ籧Եĺ꣬˵Ȼȥ
Ҫлǿ֢ȥĸطҪһŵԺ, ڷʲôŵĵطûС
ȻҲ֪ػʱҡİţ׼Եӱȥ
ȵȣɡʶŬֽȻֱĶҡ̲ס̧һУֱӽԼ
ȻʱԣƤëҡ鲻Խ˳˰ë
Ѻ걧ڻȻԲѩƤëЩĿʺ죬Ҳɱմ˲١ҡ⿴΢ں̫սС磬һ·ɿ뿪
֪ǲʥǺѪʧԵʣһֱϷĺɫ䵭ࡣҡһ·˲ˣӦǱıģĬĬ⣬ʥǱ·Ǵֻ֮ԭĸض졣
Ϊ뿪õʱʱһ룬ҡ߳ɫķΧҲζ뿪
ҫ۵ϣóڴںڰеҡʶİۣиƬ̣Ĳһ˿Ծ
ȻѾˣûκ˷Ӧʱһܵĺâһһʧ
ӣԵķҡֻľǰһڣ˹ȥ
֪˶ãѹΧЩԡǰ޾ĺڰûһ˿⣬̽ΧΣȴԭ˱ڣչһ綼
ǣΧһ˿ûУҪ֪ʹƶĵطôѰһﾹȻζһϾ⣬ڵԪ꣬ͳױһͨˡ
뵽˵صǵâҡⲻüͷֱǳġýֱеľף
ޱߵĺڰļţܸоʮֿտĺʲôһ˿綼ûСҡʶĺ꣬ͼԼЩ㷲İ
δԼˣȻһ£껹ţȻڷ㶡ҡϽͨСų̫꣬ȴСϵȻˡ
ɫ䣬ɽ䣬ɫڱһЩɽ仹ܽȥȻûҩȥԽԽء
ȡɽڵ¶ȻȲ̫ЧôҲһʮƷʯʥҩҲʺιҩ
ڰ޷ʹ಻㣬ϰҡʱЩæҡڻãϤ壬ΪֱӻΪ壬Щ׽ˡ
ڵϣһֻװ¶ƿӣһֻںڰŻĺꡣһִζʪ壬ѪʪƤëɵëһ縡
ҡûйѪһеֵĶëеǣӲֹмֱ˰֡
ףѾõĺ
.ĳ嶯ôǵڵ֮Ǹιҩ˳ź£ûҵҪҵĵطĺ궯˶
ˣҡһֱŵڷ˴룬ƿյǰãȽҩˡ
ǣɳƵϢЩȣȴ˿ң·һʹںڰǺѰ¡
ҡü΢ЩƣҲ֪ʲôط
Ժ󣬱һľ˰Σ˵˾䡣
Ϊ۾ˡ
ҡһ㶣Ӧ̿Ц֮ΧһƬڣãɲҪԼص۾ˡϾ֮ǰϳѪ۾ҲѪˡ
ڲˣЦǸݵļ˵
ЦȻֹƬ̺󣬺ڰдһ͵͵Ĵ

ֻ£Ҫ˵Ǽ٣ǹһˡҲһ˹Ȼ뷨е˽ȷʵˡ
һ㡣
ʲô
˵Ҫιҩ𣿡
ҡȻĽƿһЩоƿڣæбƿڣƿе¶ιȡ
һƿ¶ιҡ˳Ʋ̽һڵơ¶ûͼӰЧûж񻯣Щá
ʲôûջЩŹֵʣϢеȣ·ʲô̼
ҡʶĻصѽ
úε˵ѵ㲻֪ڣͬҲܿ㡣
ҡ΢΢㶣һ˺Σôڲǻ״̬Ϊ޷չͨӴڵģӣ**ԻҪԡ
**ڣĳһ˿..ҡ
ո𣬵ôһ˵ƺʲôÿġ̬һǱӣӣϰ֮ǰõ壬β֪ΪõľȻ
ҡϽջеҺڰסܶණ߷ߵ顣аţֻһǲԾ̵ߣ˵²ԣ˿϶ڰгЦ
дЩֵգκֻһѹ͵ЦȻǲܸ߹㡣
Ҫڵҡյö򵨱ҧгݵľסĺвջظոյĻгЦѾʼˡ
ȻЩı䣬ͳ΢ƵߴͣûңҪ뿪
ҡһıλָжҪãô֪ҳȥ
ƺһϢЩң˵ʲôջû˵һ𡣻ƹ̫ƣûһҡɵǳڶ
̽Ľ˼ûӦҡ̲ס˿˵ȥԼˡ
ӵֲ˲ĺܵѪȸĺʩ˸ŸԼһ
ԪûˣʩԵֻˡ
뵽쵽һԺ.֮ӦòְɣԿˣһƿ¶Ʒʯ
*
Ҳ֪˶ãҡͼĺһ
湻ô
ûСҡ˴ĺ˲˵ﶼõЦ⡣
ĺ깰˹һöɽӸҡ⣺ȥָ̫ʯһ󡣡
ҡü΢Ȼ˵ⲢΪȻֱɽ䡭
ǧ鼫Ʒʯ൱һƷʯĲɥĲĸ˻ЯһƷʯѵ±˴
üƷʯһͼľôⱨӦҡҧҧ´Ȼĸ̻ĻԹԲ󣬷ǻʯ
Ųðײõ뷨ҡ⼸ɽĴ󲿷ʯȫùˣЧҲԣŨԪ·һ˲ص˻Ĺš
źˣΧתһȦ
޾ĺڰûб߽磬û·ʱﶼڰһ
ܲʱţ˼ҡ͵һʱ䣬ʱ䡭ĸܲʱţ˶ã
ʶָһ㣬յģĸܲʱ䣬仰˵һƬʱʱգûʱš
Ҳ·ĻԼԶʧƬʱУΪޡ
ӹһ磬ҡⱳһƺ⣬ûһϤ
ҡ



101 
ҡĶʱ´룬ת֪ǰվŵӰ, žȺЩźˣôȬˣ
ȻѾָ, Ǻʱ׽Ū, Ͼ.޷֮ĺ̫ˡ
ţ߰ɡǸĴһ, תһߡ
ȥĶҡⲻĸ
ҷһֵĵطܹȥǸȬãɤлЩ, Ỻ, ͬëƮļ䣬, ڰ˵Ȼ
ҡŲɲһ, ̵һ΢΢״ƲʣϻʱȢңˣ
ǰ˲Ķס, ˼Ƭ̺󿪿, һ˿֮⣺ôͻȻγȥԺǾ;˫޴䣬Σ
ãҡԥĴ͸ȸԾ, ޻Ҳԥļȥ, ĿȷĻǰĶ
Ȼ㵵޷, һȦʲô谭û»ص
ˣҡۣϸ֪Χϸ΢仯, ԼĺʲôûС
ʲôٰȥ
üĽ뷵ԭ·ȥϣȴҲȥķ
ޱ޼ʵĺڰʱ䣬ռ䶼䡣һƬŵ磬·޷Ŵ󣬡ͨͨмٵơ
ҡһܻţûԶܻҵ˵ġʹʧɢˣԼһ˾ͳȥ
ѹƲҡ侲ȡõһϣȻʶãʶڣ٤ζƳӹĻӦÿѭϢҹ
ֻǾ»ûҵ꣬һȺˣ̾˿ﵽʲôطûûʱ䣬óģµĹŹ顣
ûʱĵطҡȻԼںڰε˶ãܸ֪ԼԪһһġĿĵ߰ߣֹ֪˶ãһ֮
һOO@@ĽŲûпĽŲ
˭ҡͣ½Ųʡ
ҡԶһͻ䵭Ļ
ҡŷ¶һ˿Īɫ΢ȱ𶯣㣬ǵһμ棬Ҵǰ»Ǻ£
¡룬Ϊƽ
֮ǰжð㣬ҡ˿ķȥʲôֵĶô
ţҲжٰӽҡ
ҡգۼߵǰЩŹ֣ˣҲ֪ʲô
˵߽ŷٵİǰһף˲佫𡣽ţһʹĴ̶һҡ͸֪ŵĶֹʧˡ
ˡҡһЩйջذ
ǶʲôĻܿǴ򲻹;ֹװõô£ҾȻںڰ
ոǸⰵд̽Ƕ𡰰ɫ֪ϴǰ¡
ʱִһ˿ϸ΢Ķü΢ֻ֣һ˵£ððʧʧĴǰֱӱԲ
!ûʺģ֪Էҡ⻹Ƿ޷޵ĺһۡ˵Ƶľ΢΢Щ̣ǴԼԺǱʱǱٻһΡ
ӰϤϢϤĿǣ֪ϣ̫ǷӦ̫Ƕˡ
δ˵Ȼֹҡ͵ıס
ҵˡҡЩ֪Լںڰε˶ãҲһ첻ҲѾȥ˼꼸ָ꣬ܲʱŵζʵ̫ˡ
һ˳ڴֲǿĻ²˰㣬ԼѾȷˡ
ͻȻĶɲ񣬷ӦԥƬ̣̽Ե˫ۻرסȦڻ
ͷ°ͷͼһЩο٤ƣ˿˿Ƶķ·Ҫסġ
϶ڰйأ
ķӦһѸ٣ϵĽӴܿƲʱȴǰΪԭ
ô֪
Դڶ麣ԼԼ𣬵ĻûȫԲ϶ôȻ͸¶꣬û뵽ȻĲȵԭ򶼲µˡ
ҡⲻͷǴʱüǿ򦣬ԭ°ðһЩࡣ
һοϻк࣬鲻Խָ̧Ȼе̴̵ĸо
ʲôץס֣Щ
㳤ˣҡѿڶŷЩףæּ˾䣬Ǿ㳤ӣ˵ʱȥ˺ܾá
סƽ˵˰ǧʮ߲
ҲˣûʱšҡĻզֻ࣬ӵôģôûеһʱ뵽òʱء
ûлش⣬תɿǣ֣ȻºڣͲҪܡ
ҲºڡҡС죬ץŵЩȡ
㱾͵Ĳȣʱױħ̨֣Ҫ˼롣ĸͷ
ֱѵĸоҡһ⣺˺ˣ
Űپʮſ鼫Ʒʯľ벻ȬѡһָĴ
˵ѾȬԪԪֻһš˽ǹŹ֣޷ɽ٣ֻǿסԪƳ֮ǲ㱡ֽ
֪ôҡԼ˿ӸԼڼǵȤ⡣
Ƭ̣֪һ²⡣
˵и̫ĵطûʱ䣬ûûйߣֻ޾ĺڰںڰе顣
̫棬ǻ׽𣿡ҡü̫棿δط
̫Ĵƶûй̶ص㣬գҲڴǧڣ𶼼ҵλá
ҡ⻰üøЩҵʣǣ֪δ̫ȥô
ʼյȻ
֪Ϊ̩Ȼûҡƽ꣬ԼħѾȫƲסǹ⡣
һĶȻͷϣͷһԴǹĪĽг
ҡϣü΢šħҪǰˡ
ħдС֣֮׽еǴħ٣˶ɽʱҪɹħ٣ÿ󾳽һ㻹辭Сħ١ҡĲȣ˴ǰСħ١
һΪȻڰȱȫУҡ⻹ǿԼԿħ
ȻֲָĺڰֻһˡںڰвͣܣªϢĳ֣ſѪڣһڽ¡
һڷ룬޸еʱΪʧ
ûü˿qqӰӳȥ
лҪ˵  ̫渱ŮкܴĽչ
ǰ˵̫ĺڰ޷÷ĶԶںڰҲǲã޷չֻڴԼһķΧڡ



102 
ĳ
ˣλҲһȥ, Ǻã̽ϢŮһŵĻ
ϵĺٸص, һ˫ĵۻζ֮ɫ
, ̾˿˵, ̫ȥ٣СӲСıȥֻ˵˵ˡ
ǻ᲻, ˵λʮֿعŮֵ, ɫԱ
ٸµ˳۽ޣһ˫ɫͫŹ, 紺ϸָŷ´Ử, ޢѪʲô̫ڿɲǱһܿƵġ
, Ҫ˵Ļ, ȥ޼֮ǸŮ˺ˡЦһѹ͵ɳƣʮĶ⡣
Ů΢΢˿, , 費ҪǱͨͨ
ٸбŮ, ͫ͸⣬Ůͷǡū澶, ˡūһΣ
ŮͷˣٸĽ
׼Ǳ߿ʲôˣæô꣬ɵζɲ̫á
طˣ׼һֱڰѰޗڽСŮʰϵˣϹϾĴ
ٸһ̰ĲĴԼչ鲻ԼģһʯʯΣ𽥱һ״ǹȼңҾ֪Ѿͷı²СԪһ߷/
ŮҲӻˡ
Ȼ̫漸ܾܳѾͷйŹ֣ϵСֽȥˣٸüǱߣһ춯
ǡŮ¡
ϧֻһȻͿԽЩͳͳӽȥˡٸü΢̧Щź
*
̫بŲĺڰ̫ڵ飬ĺڰȫıɫû֪ǵģ֪ǵ
ڶħٵҡߣܿͷֲԡ
жڿ켸ޣʧȥӾĺڰУЩϸ΢ĶŴȻΪ˸󣬵Щģһ졣
ٵƿϸ΢ġ֨Щûйͼȫϵײȥ˵Ȼ˿ã֮
̤ʱֻڵصòͺǡ
üħٿĻԼܴЭֻЩŹֵĶ
ҡòװЩ뽫ûĺӰû߼ͣǰվһںӰӰŮǸǰΨһ˫ûбڡ
˭ҡЩɣǸûںˣ֪ΪʲôǰӰ³̶˺ڰ
ԼǰӰĿ־γɵħ
Ӻһֻ֣ݲ԰ף͸ܿƤµѪܣѪҺɫﲴʣʵÿ¡
㲻һֱ֪˭ô֪ˡﴫһ˻ƴ̶ɤѱۡ
ҡⲻԾ˼ѹǹĪĻţ侲˵һһ֪˭ģڡ
ڰкȻӿźǰͺ̵ӰײȥӰϢ׳
ǺǣҪңѲӰһϢøΣգɳƵ總֮Ұĳ׹
ʲôһ˵ףҡಽĺˣħʵǿ죬ƾڸ޷ֿ
ӲġǸӰһɳƵ˵Ĺ졣
ҡһڰﱼȥȻʲôǸħʵǿڵΪܱܵӰץһץԶħȥ
ٶȺܿ죬Ӱٶȸ죬ź˲ӵǰһ˲佫û
ҡʶʧ֪ʲôס޷໭ǰǰ־ҲһЩδĳ
δĳħ˵ġ
һڡأԶ޷ѱŵ
ǵġ
ƣǾĽ
ǲҵҵδκ
ĵѾˣôҾ㣬ңƭԼ
㲻ң㲻Ǽùħѡ
Ǻǡһʴסꡣ
ҡںʴǱԽԽʶеİж֮ʱһׯϵķԻΪӲӵʵ壬ʶ𵴡
ءȡ䡢ˡ
һ˲ɢһֱڵȴʱҡ˻ӳ˺ƴȫĳһơ
˻صʶ
*
ҡ͵ۣ̱ڵأٵĺںڰиԡ
ˣѹºȣɫʣȻδǰóȻ÷ŵִᱻɡ
ҡƬ̲Ŵӻجج״̬ѹΡΡסڷڲ
ţڡؿڱʪһƬü΢΢ş̌˱ˮ
лεħҪĻδ˵꣬ͷס촽һסǶȴ쳣׺ݣ˵ζ֪챻ƻǶԷ
ҡ⹴סĲŶݺݵĿҧĴࡣǰָոЩ棬ЩʲôתԼѹֵ飬֤ԼĴڣ֤Լ԰ѿơ
Ըκ˰ڲ
ڰǸֵĶ˱õӣҲ˵ĵ˲ƽҸľٶ
ľĿռ䣬ֻ˵˻ĥϢڻص֮ǰЩӿĶѱǼˡ
㡭΢΢˵һ֣ͱҡָס
꣬˵΢΢ƣһֳ簮Ȼ󣬵Ͷɤ𣬴ϢðҪ顣
ҡЦһһɨӡͥм鷢ɢ䣬ӢüбޣĺΪˣŸͦı״ıɫ󣬱ָţϢЩȡ
Ĵٶȥ¡
֪ʲô𣿡ɤͬɳƣϢЩȣ·ѹЩʲô
ҡϵڣҧҧ´Ķ䣬Ȼһ١
֮ǰĺʱͲһЩԾȻеĵطô
յߣ⻮Ķ˵ƿصô
±仯޳ܽ¶ƿϢȻȣһЩơ
ѽ޳˭ܱ֤ԼЦ󣬲ΣʱֲҪġҡϵۣĲ
лҪ˵  ҡ
֪СʹǻǲǵٸԨʱֹ쾳ʾŮȥԨָʹģһʼѪɱɱԭҲģ̹Ҳorz



103 
ħʲôһѪֻδԵ̫侲, ˾ɨ, ̲ס˺αװ, ¶ʾ˵档
ҡһУ, ૵Ļ޵繣ѽ
ǻβʾһëƮ, ץȴ֪Ķץ, ǡô֪̲סüһ, ΢ǣ
Σ, ΪһֻνǶ뻳һָֻգ޳ָڻ۵, ס°, Ħ
Ȼڰסߣҡȴ·𴩹˻ްӽĶЩϵ, һЩõ¡
۾, ҪƬŨɫп˫, ܸܵĿ⡣ɿȦס֣ϣĵ¶Ȳ, ȴ·һŻ͸ѴĿڡ
ħסֻ֣Ƶ侲ȴȻı䡣
ѵòѣֻ˼ɣԸĻҲǿġҡüϳָ˴šЩתעķӦʵЩԼŮ
ѾʼˣͲܲݲճڰŴй٣ҡ仰ʱһΣյԸС
ûӦһֻѾɵ½ֵ˺Ͼڣ
񲻸ûԼŮǿˣ뵽СʱǸӣҡĪԼҵڻṰײ˵ο
ʲô
գۼѾ⿪ҡعȴĶ٣ʱ򲻾ʲô˶ȥȨЩӳ˵׻ǿиɵֽϻӳδ̫ˣȻ֪ҪʲôǹԹȡ
Ŵ󡣡˵ѾǺĶȵϢߣͳ񣬴˵ԸС
ҡݾܾκĽڵϡȱƵĵϣź֪ͨ࣬ķá
ֻ񱾫
ʱѾû˼Щеûģһְֻ£޳ַָ߮·ʹͨȼһһصĻ档
ʾİǿ½̽ĸȻ֮ǰʱ̵֣¾Ưߣֻǻûжͱһְֻס֡
ҪʼˡЦһĴ꣬·Ҫȥĺ²Ķȴ¶ĦĸO@ڼžĺڰбŴ
룬ǳǳĵ΢żļǳļſյĿռ𽥶ĳ顣
㿴ӡ
֪˶ãڰдһ仰ɳƵɤϸøèл㣬ĵܵγˮ˼ȴƺ塣
һ˫޵һЩԼæ£һ۵ĶЩѡ
ŮƺЩޣһһ̴͵ƺߣû˽̸ֻʣͼٵĴϢ
*
ҡϣĳ°ͣ˼ºӦԺĹϵ
ʧˣ棬ԸĨһ֮Ҳ侲ʱ䣬ȫûֿҪɢ˵һʧ̫ˡ
ʲô
ʵߴһ˿ҡⲻԾ뵽ղ˶ĥĳñۣǰȾ.˫βմ̺죬˾Ķǡ
ɣһӱȻҲɣסʵƭԡ
㡣Ȼű£Ҳ˵Ư
ԭֻǵĺϵص֮ǰĹϵԼǲˡ鷳ȴѪ鷳
֮ǰ˵ĹϵЩ˵ĻȻ治꣬ЩŮ˹ͨģرܸ֮ܵ
ҲֻͨϲҲˣΪҲֻͨĺøСδ˲Ϣ䣬Ҳ֪ԺΣµĸܲҪġ
ĹϵͷȻֱ
ʱֻ񡣡
Ȼ˵˾ĪĻҡ˼ɻʣʲô
֪ͨʲô
ˣֻҲʼˡҡ΢УбϣŵЦ౺ǩǹôҪǩô
ܻǩ˵ûǸزƾϵܡ޳Ҳ׽ϸȫˡ
ҴԼܸܵһ両ƼУڻ֣̿׽סЩʲôոյ¡ԸǩҲԸ⡣
ƺֱǸ侲ƻĺ꣬ĴĻҲϲĵط
ҡ֧ǿڻ
ֵ֪̿ʲôֻסһ仰ǰк谭һǣȻҲҰ㡣
лҪ˵  Ŀˡ
еѰգǰľͲ˵ˣĸת̫дˣĿǰ˻ֻǻкøеĽ׶ΣҪڣŬ



104 
ҡһµıǴ㿪ʼ˵ˣǾ仰, ˵±ǣͷ, ԼĴҲòĶȥ
ûĪĲ
ûĻӦ, һָɢڱ˿ḧ, ˼˵˵Ůӵһλܣϲ
ںڰ￴飬ҡ޼ɵķ˰, ڵ֪, ոչʱôͲ֪ϧĸôдأΪԪʿ**ǿᣬȻҪ˰
һ㲻, ֻƾһֱײ, ޼ɿԣƾ˼˫޵֮Ǻõ, ˮƽдߡΨһĺô, ԼΪСȵȻ໹ǴһЩϲ
ԭ˫Ϊ
ԼܵԹʮԾĽְϹԪ, º͵Ԫڻ, ҡͺһ, ֱ
̫ˣֱȪҪ̹û뵽껹һ֡
ԭԪΪĦ滺, ֻһ˫ϲߣЩԳϸողſ磬ʳ֪ζһǹ߻նʱֱ
ҡ½󱾾û£ãعһ˫Ѿ˲ýĵط
ַĶûҲֹֻ̧ص˵
滺Σôȥ̹ȻȵϢϣһЩ̡
ҡ⻹δü˵Ȼ·ãжˡ
ɫһԭ̬ʱˣȻȻЩĬĺһվԴ
ڰбûзģӦ˵Щ߷죬֪ĸ򣬺ХķڲϿƺĶ
ҡһֱܵĲǺڰǺڰеδ֪飬֮ǰװƭĶҲûʲôںڰͻȻ춯²֮ǰǱССˡ
˵صĶЩŹ֮Сġѣҡü΢šӦȻһ¡
ڶħʱԼţͨлεħ
ţִ²ˣƵĴ֣Žһöָָϣɢƾ֪ҵټ
ͬͬĽ䣿ҡָϵĽָĪΪλⶫ
ģͬĽⶫ־֪˼ڵ¼ĶôС
׼ģкβףɻ޹ҡһʱ֪˵ʲôá
ںڰе΢̣ûӦʱԼͬĽһͬĽѪʱһ˿΢ϵ
ҡָһʹûջ֣ķѾǰֻްкȻһһŵĽ⡣Ȼǽֻһ˲ֲָȴޱۣΪԼ˴
ǣ
ŷӲֹлħڡޱջͭƣʱõȻʱסֵķ磬ڷĶȴá
ƺǻӦ뷨OO@@ǰͺ̵ĳǱڰסߣҡڰпһֻֻҰɫӣ鼷һΪɲ
ڻҰʱżźеĻħ⣬һɫҺ״飬ڻҰС
ЩˣѭŹַɿ뿪·ʲôµĶ׷ǡ
ԣǲǳġЩĹǿ˲ʱȻ
ҡҲԣЩ𼱻ǵܿ·𱳺ж׷ɱǣ̫ôֵ̿ܡ**ossĶ
ЩʱѾŸȺӵĲһ뿪˵ء
*
ڷзϣЩһ·ɳۣ̫ûѾ֪з˶ٴʯ
ڰ˲֪˶ãҲ֪Ҫŷδɳ۵ĲԽԽ࣬Ȼû嵽ж٣ҡܸܵΧЩൽѾˡ
Ҫڼ
ĺȻʼһɼΣյϢڿԼӦһֽš־
ںڳĻްռ䣬һֿ־ѹֵľβ׵𣬴ȫ
ƺĲû˵ֻǴӱӵסİο
ҡʶս֣·뼳ȡԼġʱǹĵ﷢Ϣڳ׳ˡ
һɼζĹַԴݿƴܵȺԭæӴܵ޷֮ıǹ˻ȥżмֻ©֮㣬˵ԶԶӿ
͸ڰ̫棬ʱͻῴһ𺳵ĳһͷӴĺɫƯ̫Уһ·ƵķУǰȺСۼһ̶ȣĵſѪڣ̫жʱһɴζķ磬ȺСȫС
ǴС㣬СϺףһ쿴ϺףδôЩС㶼ҲֻѹϺ׳伢
ΪԵϺףҡĸܲôá
ԼԼԼʲô޴Ĺ̽˶ǣȻʧɢˡ
ǹĶӣǹζŨҲһô
ҡóһҹ飬ΧĻ
ܴ󵽲˼飬ҡҹֻǿΧɵķΧŲٻҰɫӣҲƯ
ҹóЩӴԼǵһμ⣬˽䱸ȫӿҡߡû٣ƺҲ˵Χߡ
ô֥Բţú£ЩЦ
Ȼֻӱһҡ˲ģ
֮ǰٰ飬û뵽ӡģµġ
ʲôԸҿô
֣û˵ȴӡϷЩ졣
˵ĻҡֱŤĸоһû˵ֱ˿ҹԷĽӹӷ׷ӿȥ
æҹӣҡü΢ҹڰȥ
ǹ̫еЩΪʳлɾǹɵζҲûζŲڹڣմһЩĶҡЩü
ȻЩʲôָֿ̧ϵͬĽ䣬Ŀ΢
ɫĽûзΣһССİɫʯǶڣΧһȦơ
еĺƱʶ
ոļûüӦһϢǹϢʱʱޣ
ͬĽ䲻ȷԷλãܸܵԷ״̬ͬĽʱѶϢ֮ǡ
æͬĽָķȥ
лҪ˵  бЦΪҽӶˣԵҺ㲻ˣ
ߣţҡô
˼ɡ
ĩӸôôߺ죩



105 
ǹζԽԽأҡҵʱ, ɫصڵ, ͷżź
Χʪ, 縱ʪīǰԵЩ, ƽյ˼ֲšԽԽüģ״̬ʵڲҡΪ֮ǡ
ΨһֵЩҹҫ, ҡĿЩ, Ҳǻħܿ챻ɡ
ħǻħ֣״ʵڽ˷˼, Ͼڵħ嶼ôΪħ, ħʱƣڱһЩΡ
ǰ, ŹĺɫЩħ, ɵԽ࣬ںɫǹֲԽǿҡ
Ϸʲô£ֲóȻ, ҡֻþĴһԡ˼Χ, ĻҰӱ֮ǰĵط, Щħ⣬һЩֵɫҺӸ
ֳһעҡһ, һ̲ɫҺеǰ̲ҺƺΣգȻգۼֽۼ΢Ĵɢȥ
ҡüɴ˦뽫Щɢɫ΢ȫ£һû뵽Щ΢ȻֱƷץ˸ա
֮ǰľһԷٵΪɢ΢ȥȻֽ΢ҺƺԷٵΪɵв΢ٵƵһǡ
ЩɫĶηֽʼһ壬Զҡʼʩץ˲٣ǶˣֻǷֱӾһڰգһװ
ҡ̽ԵбһֶԭΪҺ壬û뵽ȻĽ塣
ⶫʲô
ͼʱǱ˶ҡʶĿת߸նǡ۾
īɫͫһ˿죬ұ죬ΣյϢҡʶĵһٿʱ۾Ϥģֻͫȼһغɫ档
ԭͫīɫģǴػѷҡ⿴һŻ棬Ϊ֮ºܿͲԾĵط
ǰīüһбɫЩİ㣿
ҡ·𺮶ﱻһˮû顣򶨵˵˭
˭У¶δչ¶аЦݣĿҡһȦ㲻ǲ³ô
òƫŵɣ¶аұһ澹Ҳ˿Υ֮ͣǰһٵ
ȻҡûЩֻһͷһǵĻˣ
ֲ֮ǰͬĽ䴫õѶϢˣŻĿȨ
㵽ʲôҡɫѿĶôױᡣ
ϷʵĿ˵Ȼɫ΢䣬·˸ˡ
ҷӡһӸҡ⣬ûб飬һ⡣
ҡüĽ壬ûп˵ҲģҪӡԼӡ
㡭ĬƬ̣ѵ¶ԥƺʲô˵տ˵˸㡱¶֮ɫܿĶС
ӿ˿˿Ƶĺϵĺһε£ֱʪ½ɫ˲Ϣ䣬ƺѾ쵽ɽˮʱ
ҡĿע֪ǲ۾ʱţۿЩᡣֲԾճȭָ׿۽ģƬ̺͵رԱ̾һ䣺ˣҪһɡ
£壬ڡ
ȻðգҲҲİ취ˡ
*
ҡʶУϵıʶų⣬Ǹովˮ֮˫꽻ڱ˴ϤУܿͽ
ʶ꣬صĵطɻ￿ҡ׽룬һ֮ǰ˫޾ʶϾ˼
Լǰ洫ĶæǸƮȥ
ʲôС״̬ҡ⣬ɫħǵħ
ҡ⻹ǵһαôĶԴȻ֪ʱﻹЩίˣȻƢ
ӴСѾͷӹϲħдһĵЦ
һŲ֪ĶĻҲǰţҡƵбһۣƴ
óǰѽʱһ˿Խߵ̬ȣҡʶǰѽΪ²ֹѰڣȫһʱ嶯޳ýػʣѹźɫ档
ڤڤ֮Уֻ޳ܻѽߡ
ȻЩһԸ뷨ܲԸһİնûС
ҡ⻰ħѾܵǰʶӿ㲨νˡ
ȥʶ뽫ȥ
ѵòѾʼˡħǺһЦѾƮҡϡ
ҡܵϳֹϢһһƿԶź档
Ͻһħ
Ⱥͺ¿ı£㵹ǰѧ˲١ħͨǴ˼֣ڽ
ӴķͨħмãħԨһħȻǳϷ˲ǹϢʵ
֮ǰȰռ޲TıԴһٶ壬û뵽ȴ޲Tһٲץʱ¾ͳûˡ
̫ħħԨħҪö࣬ҲСãлħʵǣ޲Tؾ֮ǰһռ塣
ԭħ޲Tո˵󣬾ȻԼѣһΪڲͬطǺϵҪڲȥؼûѰ鱻һΪѰˡ
ħΪѻǣ޲T֮һ龹Ȼϣֱ֪֮һ鲻Ǳ֣
׼ȷ˵֮һ˲ڵ޲T顣֮һǹǹͷһͺڵںϡ
ǹڣҲֻ޲TǸĳҪ֪ǹǡ
ħЦһû͸¶СӣѾҪ֪ˡ
ɫĻǵصĳӿȥȻʶһֱûǰѽߣˡ
Ļζ·Ҫڱǲ㳾䡣ûһǲ㡰ҡ䣬¶˱ķâ
סħһĽ۵İ׺ƮƮĻħħ޷ܣֱӱ롣
ǵ֮󣬽ȥâ±ԭ۵ģֻǱǰһɡ
ߣڳ״ӳˡ
ҡ˿ɹˣӮˣ
֪ǣڽ֮ʱƽľŻĶ麣ɲΣвϵԶ麣һ̾Ϣ
лҪ˵  ֮ǰǹڹ֮һ飬ڰдˣٲд´ָQAQ



106 
ħ𱻽룬ֺܿ£һ, ήࡣѸٻΪһݹⲻ֪δ, ӦǱ¶˳ʤ׷
ҡջĿ, ûпһԵ˳ʶ
л, ⸴ӵĿ³ʮ֪Ȥû׷ڽ߷¡
, Ӧ
û뵽, εüģƺûҡıŤ, , ĿдŲ֪ͬղвǶܱɡ
ҡ⻰ҧ͵Ҷ, ´βᡭ
Ļδ˵, Ȼһѽ뻳УЦϲ㱻ǣ޷˽, Һܻϲ
ֻǼ仰, еȴ·һֻǴ, һˡ
Цǻ΢΢𶯣ҡؿ, ԼʵĴǿźϺµİԾס½³һҺӮˣҺȥˡ
ϯӵ޼̬·һԲ£ʱȴʤ
ո˵ĳʲô˼κҡƳţ˵ǾĪĻ
΢̩Ȼ˵˵Ĳ֪ƣطϡ
ҡȻŰɻǽ׿Ťͷɨܣüͷ΢šǸγȥ
Ҳһʱûͷšüվ˳֮ûз֣ǣǰߡ
ǽͷ޵ĶӣȻ޷֪ͣһôණҲܴԲ²⵽ͷޱȻޱӴ
ãϢЩϤҡƫͷüĽֻܾ޵ϢЩϤ
۸ͷڶ麣ֻ޾ҲʮӴ󣬿Ǿ޾Ϣº޺ЩСȫ޷ͽµֻȣ޹ƾľ
Ļ˼Ƭ̺ͫʻһ⣬˼˵ǿݹǳǵϢ
ҡԻȻʣˣôû뵽ݹǳأ
ݹǳǵʱ;̾ĺƴơݹǳһֻ޺γɣͲܶϣǹɺ˵Ϣûˡ
ݹǳǳȻ̫棬һֻô̫նɱƤһΰĳǳأ
ǡһ̫޵ĿݹǡƺĻɣһֿܡ
ͷﰵ˼⣬ݹǳǳƾԼһ·ߵ죬δû˰֮ǰҡص꣬Ǵġ
ݹǳǵдȶ
ҡգգۣĽҲ˵ܾͨô޲һƷġλεõݹǳǵģһǶȿ̫滹ܳȥġ
ĿǰΨһĺϢ
ˣæɫٵǰʶ𣿡
ҡĶЩ֣˭ָ֪һǶ˲ֽ⻯Ϊ΢ɢȥ
ǡһ˿ɻƺ֮УЩʵüģͻҼѹ
ΪʲôвԼļ䣬ѵħӰ죬Щļ䣬Ϊ֮ǰδ
ѹǣɫĴⶫҲδ̫Ķûκμء
ҡⱾΪ֪һЩû뵽˽ࡣ
·ٵ𣿡⵽ųЩɢ΢ɫ΢
ѽץסֻзٵмּɵҡ׳𣬽Щɢɫ΢Χ
ü΢ЦȻˣץһЩʹ챦ƾֽ⡯ıҲС
Щ΢ƺĻ˷ٵвƴȥ
ҡ£Ц˵̽ˣΣץס˵ܳȥ
Ӵܵ΢ٶȣ㽫ʱһڵĽߺȻǰ
ҡɻĿʲô˼
ҲЩ⣬ҡҡͷʾԼ֪顣ѽʶģ⻹һ
˵עĿ£ͬʯ㣬ɢɫ΢ͳͳϡŽһɫĴײ
ʣڽ𽥳͵ɫҡѿڶѽ߶ûɽѾ֪Լ콣ˣ
ǽʴŰס֮һͣ콣ʵĲϲ
ҡһ޶Ĳ̫϶Щֵɫ壬ҪʣֻܳȥѰҡ
뵽£ȻҲ뵽ˣ뽣߹ͨ˼䣬߳˰ƷĽʣǰһӣƥƵĽغڰ޶һ׺磬ȴ⾪궯ǡ
ǽھڽ޲ҡһΣĶ˱εöᣬʹƮڰԱǹ𵴸ҡͷǣҡεķƮȥ
߻Ϊһ⳯ĳȥۼֿ죬һЯҡ⣬һŽѸߡ
ҡֻöߺХķ缸ҪϽߵٶȣﻹҹ飬ҰӸţһܸϵġ
Լֻ˼Ϣʱ䣬ߡ͡һھϴ˸ǴӾ޸гˡ
̫ɻް⣬ҹҲ˲ȥҡȴʮУԽ̫涼ÿɰ
Ǿޱߴˣû˶ƺһ˵ֻϢƯ̫ڣյԶˡ
֪뿪ҡ˿֮࣬ЩԾĺƢߴ˾ȻûӦѵΪ죬üƽϣ
֮ʣ̫߳Ͽճһ½иO@˷ɫ𽥳͡
ڽʳ׳֮ʣ̫Ȼ֨һ·ʲô飬޾Űҡһʱ㱻ߡ
վסĿҡҡĳ
ҡһҲʲôһµĿĳ
ֹסڰг˹⣬̫һ⣬īҹĻΨһǣ۵޷
κιⶼ޷ͻƵĺڶĻް̫棬Ȼһ⣬̫ϡˡ
ĬĳŹԴȥǵƺҲƶǵķ
ǵԴҡĿɿڴķǹ⾹ȻǴһֻϷģֻͨӵ屶ԼƮģҰģƺΪһ޵ǿϢ
ѿ˵һ仰ȴȫͬ׽κһϵ
ߴӸ߿£ǾӸµĸˡ
ͷֺͽ˵ʲôЩ䵭ġ
û뵽ܿӺȻ׽˵Щ·ʱЪ
ҡЩݣ˼û´Ӧָߣ߾Ȼ̫鳶Ϲϵ
ûӣҲ⣬ɨҡˣû룬Ǳͽġ
Ȼ⻰ʾ䣬ȴǳҡͽ̫ǵ⣬һĪǾν⡣
֪ǰγƺɫĴ˼ӣֵ
ֻƵ˵ʱ̫ãǲˣȻǽҿԸһȥʾ
ȥʾҡ۾һȻӶԽߵ̬Щ棬ܳȥҪġ
лǰȻҲϲǰϲŭɫֻлʮֵȻ
ʱ䡣ϧ˵֡
ҡգգۣգգۣûȵٿ˵ʾʱ䣬ˣ
̫ûʱ䣬ʱ䡱ָʲô
ףû뵽ҲˣƺŷòĲ˵
ǰʶңҡȻһ֪Լʲôʱ˹ϵ
ӵɨɨָ˵Ҳʶ㣬֪
ҡⱳһ򶨵˵ǰ⻰Һ̫
ûϵӻһת֪̫
֪ҡʵʵĴ˵ġָӦ޳Դ֮ͨټһ޳û뵽̫澹Ȼ˿ˡ
̫桢޹ӰûУΪǱĴǧ磬ٵĩ硣
ӵĻ˴һҡ⺧Ȼǰ˵ҲǴǧ磿ǡ
˵ٺ󣬴ǧع磬ܣγһµĴǧ
ƺҡʣ͵Ĵǧ粢ʧγ̫³ɵĴǧΧֱµĴǧ羭ƽٱ̫棬ɵ̫Ż᳹ɢ
ǰǣһǧʥˣҡЩɣֻʥ´ѵǰ˵ᷢӣȻʥˣ
Цһʥˣαڴˣմ˵ӵĹˡ
ӣҡ૵ʲôͷ۵Ķӣ
ǰһǧǽв磿һֱûȻѯʡ
磬ûˣ޸֮ˣʹΣӳ̾һЩԶȥϵĹ𽥱ڰû
Ǿ仰Եζ·ڰʾǰʱ׽˵٣ҡЩľ
˵ʲô
*
ʱ䵽׺뿪̫ʲôϵҡڵϴ㣬૵
ֻߺʼݡʱ䡱뿪̫ĳ·෽ЧԪ˷ѵһɶ
ȻʯԪɽգҪʯľ֮ǰҲȥķҪ̫
ĸ꣬벻ȥķӡڵһԣе˵
֮ǰ˵һǧв磬֪Ǹǧ£ҡƲ죬Ȼһʱ벻ȥķɴ໻˸ȤĻ⡣
ۣƺ䣬֪һЩϾѾ𣬺ܶԶﴫʵ
֪£Ƕģ֮ǰλеġӡҲԼԼЩ²⡣
ҡץĸ첲ʾüΪԡ
Щ㵹ǸУü΢̿Ҹ㣬ʲôô
˼˶ģӻҪʲôôҡ˲ɤԹҲеҡĸ첲
ú˵ץֵ֣
ҡһ˵˵
ڵҲƽ֮ǰԼаһСͥϽ֮ͥ󣬷׽κһҿɱȡ
ͥϤ֣ҡզ࣬ƹܰǧ磬Ȼ׽κһܱȵġֲеֳƺ˸׽磬ܵˡ
֮ͥΪۣ˵ʵѾϵ类ƽ٣һͬ𡣡
ԣǣҡĿࡣ
һӣл׽ţһλ˸ӡ
ѵۣҡЩɵ˵Ҫһ뵽ľۣʹһ֣ۡ۵˵硣ûһ˶ķڷĴ𰸡
лҪ˵  ǵôĹˡӵĻû˼ǵãȥŻĶ麣Ǹڹˣ½Ѱ()



107 
ȷ˻ɹ۾λӣ, ͣһ²ż˵, ϴἰĹ, ҲŸȷλйأ׼ȷ˵, Ӧһ߷.
ҡĿ΢ɲǼԺͷ˵, ۺҵľ.һ
֮ǰͲ²۵ıľ, ²ģλӵķ., һҲ˵ͨĪʵһˡ
ȵ, ǵӵķ.ô۹ϵеļʥǷҲֻĳλķ.֮ǰڽʥǿǶӰħ޲TභλŮ, ʵԱħҪǿ, Ҳ˵Ůںϵ
ʥǵüʥ¡ʥ᲻λŮӵķ.
ѼʥͺλϵŮӿͬһ, ʾͶ˽, һֱ֪Ǹ˻һλ
Է/ʥ׽ĺϵʥˡ
Ĺõ׵䡶ɼʥ, ĹֵĽӦҲǼʥˣݹǳǳʶţ˵ܿҲǼʥˡ
ݹǳǳ̫, ΰȫ뿪ģ
ҡǵÿݹǳǳ̳崫У͡ʱ䡱еӦʱѵйأ
ĺȻǵõ׵عǿһΪɲʱͨʱﻹЩ֣ΪʲôҪעͨ
뿪̫桰ɲǹؼһоܵõˡ˵Ļ޵ķʸ⡣
·δ֪֪ԺҪõͨ
뵽ɫһ±òҰףץ첲ʶĲ²ûд
ôˣ쳣Ȼס֣ü
ҡҡҡͷƣһ˿Уû£룬һ֪γȥ
һ˵δôױ͸ǲǾħ˵һȫźˣҲãҲãӲ˵Ĳá
۳Ĭκʱ۵һƬƽǲȳȥ˵ɡ
㳢ʩչɲͨʱ͵̫ʱ䶼ûУʱ䷨֮ɸΪ֮ɲûȫŪ̫ʩչ̫ͨˡ
ֻǺòҵܾܲ
һ˼ƶ̶˼ƳԥƬ̣ǽĲ²üƺʲô˵ֻ̾һ䣺̫ûʱ䷨˵ġɲʱͨǳȡʱ෨ڵķƬлᡣ
ҡⱻĻѣʱķϡ٣˵̲ʱ䷨ķɾǡһ
׵عõ̫ʯǼ̥̫ʯʯĹܣù׻̫ʯ̲ʱ䷨ƬԵʡ
׵ع̫ʯʩչͨЩżȻײһѾƽеġɺϡˡ
ڳȡ̫ʯķƬ֮ǰҪաɲͨ
ʩչüΡɲԼʱ˳ӵӰ˵ʱ䷨ˣʹͨʮϤҲǿʩչ˼ȥǾò˵ʲô
ɲǳȥĹؼ̫浽ʲôΪʱ䲻ţԼԼƺʲô
ɲǼ㣬㼴ɲǡɲǺֿ˵һĵãǸνΪһ壿
ҡȻվ۸֪ڰŵ̫档
ûʱţԼΪһûʯͷʱ˵ɲǺ㶼ûΪʱû壬ʯͷ˵塣
̫棬ûʱıעɲǼΪ㡭
̫ͨвŴҡⰴɻȡ̫ʯ
*
ҡΪ뿪̫Ŭʱ׽ȴȻ벨ܵС
һֱĿݹǳǳȻŵ۵̫ϳܻߣ˴֣ݹǳǳܻ߽ƴˣﳤȥ
˵硣˿ݹǳǳ߸ڵķ˵޶޵һ̽˵Ҳֵ֧ġ
֪ռԴһޣԴǵ־׽վ𽥿ʼʱ˭ռݸԴδܲĺƽоиơǹͷ޶в뷨ˡ
һעĿ¾ǹ䣬ʧ˼ʮһ˴ճʥӵʱʮ꣬ٴ쳹׽硣
ʥôΪǹһ屻ˣûǿĿɽȴĺϡ䱦׺ݵǿ˵ѽѽҰ
Ȼ³ڲ棬Ȼǿʥӽǹ˴۾ʥһһǹɱһѪ·
ʥȻټλɽںһλ𾳴ܱǹɱȴǲʵ
۷׷׵Ĵ⣬һЩϢҲڲ֮ͬ䴫ϵĹѾʧ࣬ħ³ξӭȢѪħ幫ŵŮʧѾõХȻ
ƽ׽磬һӭֻǲ֪ϸ˻ˮ
лҪ˵  ŮڰЩϵһˣµҲҪˡ
ݹǳǳ֮ǰӦҪѰʧȥĵػꡣ



108 
#   ŵرеķƬ׳ȡģвͿ˷۱, , ܷɡ
ȷҪԣںڰ, ƽ·ˮ㲨е
ҡⴹ, Ħ̫ʯĲɵ˵ҾҵĲ²ӦǶԵģѵ㻹иõķ
ʥ۸Ϊ, ׽缸ҲĴ, ²ǰ㣬Ϊ±λʥ˸, ȥ֮һ⡭
ѵ߶߶ô, ҡ̲סЦˣקĸ첲Ц⣺ûЩ̫Զ, ֻе㲻̫ʯ, Ͼ̥лƳı
֮ǰ㵹, ̿ͷ, һ̥, Ҫȥ͸㡣
ҡͷĶŹֵ˵㲻Ҫҳŵ, һᵱġ
֪ö࣬ŵرǿģǲͣΪʲôвֹһ̥ڵĺö峤ģ˵Ŀ϶˽
ѵνͬ˲ͬЩ˺˵ͷһž
ʱʳԹü̧΢΢ǣһ㻡ȡ
ҡһζ˵ڣǼ鼴
仰˵õǲЦһƺָȻˣô
һ̥ңҡ۾һת̫ʯҰ㣬ǲǾˣ
̫ʯͻƽȴĪĳֵҵĲ챦Ǹҵ˭
ҡסЩ̣֪ЩˣǺһ˵õĻ̲ס١
ûСʱİ࣬Ҳûиʱ룬˲䵭ȴҲܣյǡô
Ȼܵ¶ò˵״̬ʺǵġΪ˶׶Էû̹ףһû̹ϣ֮ǲҾͲʧȻҲ޷һ
ܽԵܸ߶ԷʹѾ㹻ζԷϵõΪԷĵز
ʼɡҲĳĬԪס̫ʯʼʯͷ﷨Ƭ
Сġ
ҡЩĵĶһ䣬ͽȫڸ֪εķ̫֮澭٣еķ֮ٵÿûİֻƾԼʶŬϡ
ˣ
֪˶ãڸ֪Щʱ֮ĲɹˡҡⱣ̨ȡһʩչɲ
Щʱ䷨֮תĶһķһָкܿ쳣Ĳ
һɲѷʱ֮ʴ֣û϶Ӵǹ쳣Ȼֹ
ʧˡ
Ȼ˵ʧܡҡǾϲӶ࣬Ϊ֪˲̫ͬϢ

ɡȻȻܴиܵһ˿ƽ
ҡû˵ɫȻļ
ʧܣʧܣʧܡÿζͬһطЩ꣬Ķˣ
ҪʧܸţǶ̶ͨѾܺˡ
ƽɤˮƽҡĽ뵽֮ǰԡɲĲ²⣬ɽ̫֮С
ɲǣ㡣ֽ棬ǿռ䣬ʱ䣬ʲôʱնɣΪʲô̫⣿
̫Ĳʱô˷ֲ˵ġɲǡ
ҡ⸣飬ʶǰһָˮĶ˵ϣ·Юʱİء
ڰ϶ԽԽ̫һϸ΢𶯣Ȼ󣬵˶ں¡졣
ߣ
ǰֺӿ̫棬ЯѭŨĵطɣһ·ײһϣţҫ۵̽˵۾
ϴˢ˵ҡ㶵Ŀģոպץס̫ʱܣֺʲôҲû֡
̫ﻹʲôܣͷ޴ޱȵǲµ飬̫же飿
һ쳣ҡ˼תͷɫ΢䡣
Ҫˣ
Ԫÿһζ뾭һη׽٣ȵԪѾѹƲסˡ
ҡⱾΪֻԭضɽٽףû뵽Ƥ£ԪѸƽ·ոճֵԪֻĴ
һСɣҡɴۿĺۻһ˿Ц⣬ѧ
һ׵𾳣ȻûԪķգӴ˰ǣ𾳽ʱ־Ѻ׽١񾳽ʱ˥Ͷ׽ٶͷϵĽвΣա
û׼֮ǰ뷽跨ǿѹ־絽˲ԪԴӶɽٵʱ䡣
ּɵȻֹЩãֻǾߣ֮չǷ켫ĵزҪɽٵ˶֪һӵļɣԷˮɣҡ⻹ǵһμ
룡
ԥĵͷ̥顣˵̥ҡⲻס̫ʯ
Ҫǿ鷨Ƭûʧ˵лָһ졣Ű̫ʯҰ׵ʯͷϲ֩İ߲ѺۣƺһЩͻ顣
ҡƲ죬̾ҵ̥ûˡ
ĲҪһ̿ɿ֣ǹһĨζЦ
Ҫ˵˲ҪǲҪҡûһۣ֪ûĶҪջ־ܱ𣿣
лһ˿Ц⣬һöݸҡⲻԵĽӹɨۣ֮ǰѹԪļɡ
ŹȥϢʱ䣿ոջں˵ѾһĶýӡˣҡֹ
ȼҺˡ
͵ʱȻ仰ҡⲻ̧ͷĿ⣬ЩɵָԼΪң
ҲǣȼҪľֱһΣһôʵ£
ȼǻ˴ۣɲССܴ򶯵ģЩεҡҡͷ̧ķҪ̫Զǻص׽翪ʼټѾй¶ˡ
˼ǣܾѾˣ
鱨ϵͳʵڲһ¡
ü֮ʣȻ޿һ˽ע⣬ɫֱ䣬̲ס䴽
Ȼǡײһ𣬲һ²δеգһľϲС
ôˣȥüɵ
ҡЦ˵ǵǽ̫ҴһЩüĿˡ
˽ǣС˻ï쾳һ֮ԵԨ֮£СϢӣ¹ĸһλաмӵ
쾳Ǹï뽫Ԩһֱûʱȥˣ̫棬뵽ҲǸˣû뵽ûȥһïȻѱˡ
ҲųŪ飬һһ
лҪ˵  ǵûïŮյ쾳Ǹ˵ʶŮĸʾŮȥԨѱʵҲзʣǶˣʱ̫ˣȥٸͣڡ



109 2.0
˻ص׽绹޾ڣھǸ
Ϊ޵Ľش, Ȼľۼ, λʮܿ, ǵص⣬黨ɡȶִ˵פ
ֻһ, ЩѡΪɳִش˵أ黨פǵִһλ
޲ͬޡħμƳн, ͽ, 黨Ҳ壬вħ塣黨, פ, ̸ڣǼ˵㡣
λ񣬻Ϊ¶, ˪, ȴΪ󵨺ϲŭ޳˪ϲ˽¶ˡǵ˳, ˭Ҳܵ¶ˡ
, ȻѪҪһ, ҹС¶һӦȻ޸Ҳӣ𴫵ķ, ͨɢ˵ǿʢ£һʱǶ
ȵٵϣǱΪ֣ͷܶȼ࣬֯
Ⱥһ԰Ϊۣ»ϣ˸߳ɽƬѩɸʣΧŮ۾᲻ƿ
ѾвŮϳݣ󵨵Ů̲סߺǹ
վİŮӱɴסò¶һ˫ʵһ۷⹴ˡվһ˭Ҳѷɫһԣȥڨȴ
Ὺʼڸ̨ϵǸ¶˺λɽͬš¶˼򵥵Ŀ곡ͽύͬţأ֧Ƴ·Ⱥ
ʱƣԽԽ˸ϵֳɽٵȻֻǽЩƤë¶˵ͬŽһ䣬Ȼڵ˵콾ԶʤޣΪг̣ѵڷ޵һԸղų̵˵кμ⣿
һʱ˵ĿȫȺеϡڳʿ޻ޣ¶ôޱ༸ޣʹȷ˹ˣ˿ĿҲ˼ֵӺͻ/ҩζ
˵ֻԪ¶˿еĳ̵ѺôǶɽڣԪɽڣΪԪʿɽٵλնɽٵȴֻɫ΢䣬¶˷ֻܽݵĿЦ
˽ܵ飬ϸǵСѱһһļ⡣
⻰ֱӽĺ·˵ŷļ⣬Լ˵ϵ޵׹ˡ
Ե˵˵˾ʲôŲæڸ̨ϣ΢΢ףǰ޿๣ǡЩǳв֮λǰָ̡
λɽǰ̩ȻУʶİ˵
ڸ̨٩٩̸ԭһŮȴ֪ʱʧȺУûκ˵ע⡣
*
ҡӻ屻ס۾Ҳ˿סûһ˿ԪӦǱιɢԪ¶ͽɢ
ûоţ˼ôߣˡʱȥ˸̨ƺԼƶûӦͻȥˡ
¶ˣȻм汾£ҡⰵ⡣
֪˹ãнŲûпᣬܺաԽԽ
ˡȻһ
ȥɡһŮ˵
ǰסߵ˿⿪ҡ֪˭һ㵣㣿ǰΪҪץң
¶ûĻǾ°ͣڽһЦ̫涼ӳȻСˣ˷һ⡣
¶°ͣĿƺ͸һ
ҡһü΢ηֱ̫棿֪ǰ쾳ֻǰˣ
ӦûеңֻĴڣѾ˱ˣ¶ͿŵޢָҡߣһһۣĸŮǳ˸˵Ⱥӻᡣ
ҡϺܿѪ飬ϸӨ׼Եøұ˲۽ޣ侲˵ʶĸˡĸйأ
˵ʯȷЩСԹҪ˲ң¶˺ȻЩʲôЦһʯǸ
ڷŵŻλģȻסҡĲӣʡ
ڸ¶粻Ըҡʶˣû뵽ԭҲǸ¶˵ˣ̵ֲҪ֣ԭָʹ
˵Ļҡ𵱳̷֮ųĻֱӿסԼ壬ľ롣뵽ŹĻȻֱĸо
û˵¶˲ͷļӴȣŲӵսҡɫǺ죬ɬڣҲ֪ɱңô֪˭ɱҡ
¶˴ͷҡúܽô๦ץ㣬ģҲôɱ㡣
סӵ˺Ȼһ˲ըɻҽЩƮ¶˵ĿڱУѾʧȥȻֽ̱ڵء
ͣҲַӡĵɤһ򴫳¶šüͷƽµҡͱӦóڴ˵
ʯ䣬Ѿ뵽˹ؼǻïֻû
ҡջػ飬ӸµĿŸ¶ˣڸˣ˵Ǹ˭
鲻ģıһ߿ƭ
¶˺ܿƽ飬üһζĿ֪ʹҸ㣬ΣԹԸȥ
Ҳ²£ʶ¶һ޵ģϲϲҡ⿴̵ı飬ٽ˵˵ǸˣǲǺһϲ˲ϲԼֻйߡ
޼֮صˣ
Ÿ¶ˣһһٵ˵
¶ͫ΢ѿڶ֪˵־֪Լһʱʧԣ׻ˡ
ҡĻһʱ֮Ҳɫ΢䣬֪Щʲô
޼֮أҡ΢УĿд⣬ĻɱңǲҲǱǺģ
֮ǰû뵽ȥ⣬¶˸ոǾ䡰ʯǸŮˡ͵⣬ò롣
¶ЦһԼԹñˣҪΪﱨ𣬾ȥ޼֮ذɣȥô
Ŀ͸żƺƶҡⲻҽȥ޼֮׽֮ɫĵطһԪ޼֮أ¸̤ȥͱ˺÷顣
Ϊβȥҵ޼֮أҡȻһЦӦҽȥŶԣĻɱңǲ˻±֡
ͷڸ¶˶˵Ѿˡ
ܣ¶˲˼ĵҡ⣬һ˿֣̿㲻ܼǣ
ûǣλ֪ЩҡƽĿСе㣬޼ƿʩҲͳͳʰɾˡ
¶ɫֱ䣬ĿĶκ³֣̫껣̫ˡ
лҪ˵  һ㣺̺߳ƽǷǲǵĴǴTAˣҲ߷QAQͬĻǵԸⱾѾ30W ˣտʼдŮϸдǼ֮󣬿ܻƫ߱˵ԸǳãԼëǵ˵ԼǾ鲻˰/죬ŬҲǲ˼ȡŬûнȸУŮĳЩûʲô⣬;ЩˣŮӵλϣԸڶʮֵʱСʹָʱŮûӦ׽ĻΪŮ⣬ֹȥʮ֣Ůĸı䲢һҵĴ/ϹǸ
մ̫߳ŮܿͻֱηֱǸתۣʱŮ̥ǵĻᣬϣۺ̥ǵŮԸϲ
ȻһȽϳⱾƪ45-50֮䣨Ӧã
ϵ2.0м࣬˳ˣηҪϷٵľͲˣ 
1.ҡ⣺ԭ׽磬һͱ͵磬ֱǰŻ괩׽磬Я֮һ޳ĸʯţ׿޼֮ء
2.峤֮ӣ̥ܶħǱʮ꣬ѾǣŮģ鶾в߲ʶڣħ֮Ѿڡ
3.ԭŮޣһ޳޳϶Ϊһ
4.·ǣ;ǿƼ䣨ۣʥӣԼʮǰԭǱħǹ˵ħ棩ɱԼԼһɱħ棩
5.⣺ԭХĿǰմûʽ
6.ȻԭŮ䣬壬ѧʦ㣬ƻģҪľ
7.棺ԭŮ䣬̫壬֮һŮʥŮʥŮ
Ӫ˵һЩϵ
£ʥΪϵʥˣ׽֮죬ֻܻ׽磬Ůص׽ֱʣһʼ֪ŮЯ޳һֱעŮ˳ڶ麣쾳֣ļ䡣
*ţĹһγΪ£
*飺ſейأȼжԹŮľ
*ƣת˹ˣһγڻأͽŹϵǳ
*ʱףʮΨһףڿݹǳǳֹ
*ɣɣݹǳǳڤתڸ磻
*ʯ诣δʽǰ׵һˣŮӳƺžã̫飬¡ʯйϵ
ءĺϵʥˣѡԭŮ֣Ϊħ޲TĿһ£Ǻϵ
*ƣŵ̫ϳϣߣšܻáûþͻħﰵϵ
*٤ҶǰŮʥŮѪħħŮĸ׻ʱҩģħ渴ӡħ
ر𡱵ˡ
*Խ᣺ºϵͳĿǰϷݲࣻ
*̸ߣͱ꣨꣩˼ʮŮˣݺΪݣŮкøУ
*룺Խߣħ幫׷ӳоξϵ
һķࡿ
*ӳԭѧʦ֣򹦷飬ĿǱ֮ʧɢãʱһǣ
*ξħ£óã¡ξΪħ޲T飨ǣ
*ڷӣ̨սл÷ӹඥȱٵػ꣬챻һǣ
*𩣺Ԩٳ죻
ȷע⣬ǰֹҲܳ
һŮйصķࡿ
*棺޼֮ذ֧̫ħ֮һ壬Ůйأ
*¶ˣïˣ黨洫̣뺦Ů
*¿ߴˣδ壬쾳͸Ů仰Ů˭Ҳţ



110 
̫ˣҡظ¶˵Ļ΢
, Ȼ޼֮صİ֧̫ħ᲻˽, ̫֪һЩ
̫, 裬޼֮һˡС˵Լһ䣺ĸ, ׷һλ񣬶δ
ѵλ̫˿׷񣬾δıı˵
ȥ޼֮ôҡǧذת, ϼɫʡ
¶ƺת˼, ֪޲ĿڣȥԼֳˡ
Լҡü΢, , Ϊʲô
һԪСͼϡ¶ڴЦ󼸸ֱģ, дźεļ, Ը⣬ԼҲ֪֮
ҡšüƬ̺Цһֻ֪֮Ǹ˲ˡ
Ȼ˵, ¶˵Ļɻ, ΪʲôȻ뿪޼֮, ʶġ˴޼֮غַʲôѡ뿪
˵Ҳ¶¶Ц, ϲԵ޹ʵİҵȷûڵ΢ԪһλĽҡ
ҡУʲô˼
¶ȴԸټ˵ȥָֻıʾΪĳԭῴ
ҡⲻһǷǣ˸⣺̫˶ʲô
һ˭˵¶Զе⣬˵ȥֻ᲻ͣڮټ粻
ҾͲˡ¶۾һЦЦĴ
ҡһת̽Żйأ
¶ϹһεУɴ򴽲
ϵĻǻԿͷġҡЦü䣬ĶȴɴĽ衣ﶺʱ֦뿪ɡ
лǰԵĸ¶˴ߡ
¶ʧ٣黨ʲôӦҡŤͷ
üһû黨¶˵ĸǽڴʥ谮СӣȻڶ࣬¶˻ó裬ʧٵĻᾪڴʥ
ȻֻڣҡЩȵģû뵽¶˵ıֻ񣬻ͽڴʥմ״ʣֲô޿֡
¶˼ǲˣܲΪ½ڴʥô׷Źҡ΢Ƭ̺⡣
֮ħԨӭһ춯ж䣬¶ˡǰħԨ֪١
*
뿪¶˵Ķ󣬲ûϻޣ׼ֱɽ١һɽΪףҪ߻Ҳ֪Ƿг߳˻ҲֻҡһԪ
ȷҪΪ㻤ҡЩɣ֪ΪĪľףоᷢõ¡
֮ǰΪ͸¶йأǸ¶˵ﻹЩ㷲ܾԼƺʲô¡
ոյϢķ.պޣҶɽ١
ҡйĴĻûһ˶Կ𣬼ʹǷ.׼ô׼˾Ϳʼɡ
ȻһϾѪͬ壬Ϊ˿ҲʲôǶͲͬ
ܲһֱź꣬øô·ɡ
ҡЩ̾˿ǿŶֱҽȼҡȼ˥ٽǿŶĶ׽٣ȼǲǾû鷳ˣ
ͷԭֻǲĺ˼룬û뵽֮ĳһ죬ˡȻ˺󻰣Ҳᡣ
ɽٵĶЩȥ˳⡣
лú˴Ϊɽ׼ҡ㷲ĸоԽԽǿңۿѾ׼ˣҲʱֹɽ٣ֻԼмǿ衣
ڴڣʮֵȻһҲҪɽٵӡ
ԭ̿ϴĲȻںڵĽƣЩԽԽԵɫӿĽȲͣϷ
һɫ׽ٴӽг˲չһ͸ϣǵ׽ͬ棬˲ʧˮûн
ţһһ׽ֱĵ׽ٺʱ׽Ѿֱۡ
ֱ**Ӳ׽٣ƺԴ˴һˮͰֵ׽ٱ£׽ٳ׽ħϢĽ١
ʱǶɽ֮ΪʱҡԴȫڶħٵϡ
֪˶ãҡȻЩԾһֵĲ˼ǷڵǶȻСɳֱ
ҡֱԣκ֮ǰԺµĽԽԽãգۼڡ
ǰȻһ㱣ƺʲôסֲһƻڵصҡĶԤҲû뵽Ȼ֡
Ʒ֮ʣյ۾΢ƺע⵽Ķƺ޲ֻһֱ˿·𻹳ħ֮޷һƽʵʵϡ
˭Ҳûз֣һâϢĴƮؿڡ
ӣ
ҡѹѾ赹ڵءϷ·ڲϽһǺռϷһռϷȥΪ졣
￩һĻҵǰ鿴ƣǹֹס
㣬û뵽ȴػģǹӳʲô£һζѴ̣
ΧĻΧס֪Ƿֹܡ
ҡҺģ벻ͨǱʲôˣѵ֮ǰľָľʯ䣬Ȼһˡ
СӸڲϷֻҪҳͽһϷҪ󡣡
ڭǸϻ쵰ҡ.ûڶ麣˵Ҫͽȴֲ˵γͽ䣬˽ƣû뵽š
Ҫͽһ٣أ˳㽫һѡ֮ǰһֱԼʲô£ʲô뵽ƫƫڭĻ
ҡʱּĻںޣȴڭЩ̫žʹڵϹʲô£ֹ˵ġ
ÿһʱûͣҧӳ߲ܵ鿴
Сң͵ֱͻƻȥʱһԶߵĺǳ⴫˹ҡһʶշԭأȴǱƷˣֱӱķڵء
ҡͷһؿ³һѪ
𣬾Ȼʱˣ¼ֱǻϽͣ
˵ûϴ壬Բ޷ڳĶϵˣ˶ҽڣֱֳɵץ
ҪǲʲôֽţԼΣա
ߡĻҲ֪߸֮ʱȻһɲ
ҡһʶȴɱۣ·ոյĴȥɫҰֽ¡
ҧ´ҪҧѪֱʩչݹҪ뿪ȻѾǰ
*
ңԶޣƽ޲Ķ麣ȻһЩĶ
ӿĺˮУһû뵽Ҳվˡ
µ֮ϣǿŷɫϴһЦʲôվӲվӣϷֻǲŲѶѡ
һѣؽϣ˵ʲôʱʹˡ
ٺ٣ֲûӹףгСϷϷ̫ˣУüӴѶˡ
ڳĶ麣һµ



111 
һֻҡץƺ֪ݹر֮, ֪ʲô, סҡĶ, ݹ¾ʧ
ֻֽߣҡۼ޷һ, ֱ׳ڲɽöó˲ͱһӰг֣Ӱһƶϲ
ķ/һʱ, ֻ֮Ӱ, ӰɡĸģӰһƴǿһȻ, ߷/, Ȼ𣬵ǿһǳ˲СĿ
ˣȳһѪĿǰ, û뵽Ȼҡ, Ȼɫǻ衣Ȼ˶ֲǱ⣬Сȴǲʵ
ҡҲû뵽걣õģͿ˳һ, ¿˺Ķˡи, ֱٳ/, /෴ӡ
лڣ/뱾ʱ۾ھͿˣ׷ı, /ͳͳӲ׷ġ𻹿ѡ
һ׹⳯ҡҡû㣬ֻӲһǣĵļɶȥ
Ȼ𹥻ȴ׷˷/ҡ⡣ûһƴѹեԪʩչݹܡ
/ǱߵΣգżϢʱڲ׷˷//ʹоͱס޷֮
Ԫ󾳽磬֮Ĳ󾳵Ĳ֮Ȼķ/Ϊ𾳣ҡǳ֡
֮ǰԸ¶ˣҲֻȡֱӴȥ׻ʵ̫湥
׽ס/󣬺ܿͷֲǱȽס/ʱҡǱߵٻط/ֱȼԪƴɶݡ
ȼԪúԣٶȼһ˲ֻǸҲܴ˲䱩ԪҴܣƻ
ݹԾΣܿͳеԪŲ·һͷһɽһԪ齫Լɽͨɽʯͳ׻˹ȥ
һߵĲһȦûҵҡټֱӻصɽٵĵط
ʱɲڽδѹԭӻȥɫĵǰְݵݼ𣡡
ͿˣһĻϲŮߣ⸱Ӽֱϵɫǻ裡ãɫı˵ķߣ米ҧҧǰ
ͷ𣬻Сչ˹Ӱɡ
ͣ½ŲӸµĿ磬ô±
С˲ңڲų亹ֱɫףǼֵڲǰ
һʱ뽩֮С
ûԣֱץҪ֣ԱȻһ
꣬ҵԻ̣ܽͲˡ
תͷĿĶ˵ˡ
˵ǻеһˣʱֹ̬ȴϲ۾˵Ŀ⽻֯һεѹΧ˲˼
һ³֡
游Ǻ峤֮λʧܣҲǴǸʱĳͻӾ硣
Ȼǻ׼Լ˲˵ءԭЩ뷨ۼ²ΪӲ˵һŮˣŪ춴ˣϽˡ
˵˦뿪
ޱĿŲ뿪תͷ磬缱æݵڵأݼʧְš
ˣĻȰѰǧɽɡ
*
һҹ֮䣬ҡٴγ˶УεϢ׽綼һ
Ϻ͹ȼֿ׷ҡ⡣
ҡԨϢѾȥû뵽ҺȻϢ˾ﲻѡһǾӾȻδǾǿϵˣξȻץ
ѵзʲô£
ϢͨѾԵɣԭӳùɽ֮ʱˣδѡ֪͸¶Ӻ͊Ϊһˡ
Ϣ׽۷׷ף޿ϸǳ졣
¥[쾻]չһʱ䣬׽綼ˡʲôʱˣʲôʱֻˡô˵͵ϮǸͬһˣ
¥[ʼ]ͬ¥ϣ͵ϮʲôôΪʲôúõĹȼҲҪһţȼˣ
¥[ܵĵ]Ȼֻ͵ϮЦˡ
¥[]诰ѹƳ쾳ȼҲ޶ԣȻҪԭǾݴԨͷǱ请ųġ
¥[]¥˵⻰ʲô֤ݣǹȼҷųģϴ׹ȼҲҪ̫ԣ
ʮ¥[ʮ]ǲӷųģǊöô࣬һҲûʲôʧ
ʮһ¥[ʮ]ͬ¥ϣȼҿ϶ǿʲôˣȻҲĳλȥԨ

ҡĬĬˣС͵޿˵ۣͷ֡û뵽ξȻױ¶ˣŊ˻һӶ
ʹӵĺøмӳɣҲס౦ջ
ȴ֪ΪãѶȱ󣬼֪Ϊһֱδѣڷ磬һ¾Ƚҵ˵룬ɴ࿪һ
ҡ²׼ǵĴ㣬ȥ麣һˡһڭǸͷһ£ϡ٣麣ûʲôˣطȫ
ʹл֣Ǹо̫ȫֶǧٹ֣Щѹ׵Ķ˷ʤ˵ͽ𣬼ʹҲ㹻һЩˡ
ֻ뽻ˣණԹץ˻顣
֮ǰץȴĻԨʹԼҲ޼£޹ʴһƣ޽١
뵽ڶûѹҡģֱҲ벻ͨΪʲôȻ޷ˡ벻İ취ֻһطȥ
̾˿޳Ȼյһ˽
룺ҪСľ㿪
ҡ⿴׼Ϊʲôʱ㿪һûа׹ȥ麣г⣬⽫Сľ³б˼
ϾڴǣֻҪҵԼòСľ
ǱߵĳҡûӦüϢʵû취ֱӷųС
֪ùѡ
лҪ˵  ǻħ幫þûˡ



112 
µҹŨī֭Ļ, qqһƬֲָ, һӰڼ, ӰӰ´¼䣬б̵ĹӰӰ, ԽԽں档
ʼ̹ԽԽһԾϣӰ˵ڵء޾״ķһҧ˺, ȵҺ彦һء
ҡ⾪δĴо, ҵĺѶΪ˯ϢʱԽԽ, εĸҲ֮, ⻹һһΡ
˵Σ˵Ǿ׸׼ȷһ㡣ҡĿһݣļٰһ, ȴ޷ټ, ʱϵԽã¶ļʾԽ
Ҫʱת߾ͺˡ
ţҡͫ΢ţȻƺһ, Ȿ, Ͳ͸¶δ, ˵ʲô¡
˵ʲôֲ֣öҪѧ֪
ħ°λħ֮һĺ, ֪Ÿж˸Ȥ
ŵ۴йĩھͿʼƵǼ깤֪ûȤ
йȼʱӦõ˲ˣЩ֪˥ٵˣӦúܹġѡŶԡ
ôҶôУеͳͳעʵĴ
룬ҡôѶʯ뷢һϢ޿ʼǱյĶҪй¶ټĻ̫ˡ
ûһѶʯҡ⿴Ļɫ΢Ѷʯ飬޺޵Ľء˳ǡ
ͬʱ޿½½ʼϢϢһʱǹȶȡ
ҡûĻòϢһ·ȥ˳ǵ·ϣѾųȥЩϢȻˣЩʵʵıͰԸˡ
һ·µĸϵ˳ǣһѾܵڵ塣һǿ޵ĸ˳˱Ͳ֮࣬ǰ˵ϢУǡһھ븡˳ǰ޹ȣ˶ܵ޹ȥˡ
Լĵص㣬ҡ͵Ⱥڴ˵ĳ롣
һμ룬ҡһΪǰĳӡеĳ̫һˡ
˵ξҪɻˣûüϲҡⲻɫĴǰĳ룬ǷɫȹеѱĮȡ͸һ֮
쾳ûмξͳãǷʲôˣ
붢ҡڵģ˺üۣлһ˿Ȼ۽޵סеɫѹ͵дһ⣺ϲôǡ
ҡⱻеɭ侪ϸѾ̧ͷͫɳƣҪСľҪʲô
ӰУɫһֲ̬İףͫʷ⣬޵ĺ촽·ѪȾ
˵˵£˵֪ѣҡ΢ת˼Ŀոû֣ͫ׾Ȼͫǰûע⻹ԭ
뵽ʱеǰӣĿ΢򴽵Ҳô˵𣿡
ȻǼٻ⻰էһ·Ҫҡ¶һ˿ʧ⣬ûгסߵ˼
㲻ߣƭ㣿ͫһ˿Ц⣬޵ĺ촽𣬸¶ȡ
ҡҡҡͷζ˵ֱóûж⣬ңҪСľ
ǳһӵЦЩ䣺ҵȷҪ̾˿һתˣȻҲ֪λѹ֪һЩйϢа
֪ҶħŮ
ĸ¡ġǸħŮҡü΢ͷʾȥ
ħ˹ڡ
ħ𣿡ҡڵǶɫ棬ʱȷкӿƺֲǶϢѵڸ
ħںħһһںϳɹħͻ׽硣봽߻һת˲ŵļЦҡΪۡ
ħҡⱻ͸¶Ϣһҵ߻أ޲TҪˣ
ѵ־˵޲TйأȻôɵ顣
ڵĴԸҿ԰Ҹ֮ûмոյĻ⣬Ȼ˵ȥ
ҡûлشĻһĪ⣺׽˶ã
͵̧ۣĿдžɲ
ҡô³֣֮Ҫͳ̸ΪȷôԽ׽ġ
㣬ҲǡдŲŵĹ⣬ҧҧüֻԼ૵
ҡһɼĵͷȻûнֹ˲ֱй¶Ĵڣûдơ
ۣƺϢ̵Ľëͣй¶ʱ
ǡǶʮǰκ
Ȼʱҡⰵ̾һӦ͵֮ǰǸʱ򣬳Եɺ׽ġ
֮ǰ֪׽ôҲ֪Ȿ飬ͺһɺˡ
۾ʼպ޽࣬ʶҡͷƵ˵Ǳһġ
ǰġҡ΢תҲ֪ӣȻǱ׽ͨô
ΪΪֻһùطǲŻع㣬ҡһЦһᣬ˵˵ͷһһʡ
ҡû뵽ޣԥǰɵ˵ôħ幫ɱҺöˡ
̧ͷĲϵᣬͫһ˿֪̾ħô𣿡
ħԨҡüħħֻعܣħħԨ
ÿ궼ħԨȡһǧħ̥ؽħߣʤľµĻá°͸ϥϣЩ翣ƺڻЩʲô
ⲻƵķҡЩһΣ঺ֻгͳξŮ֮ǰǼˡ
ƺʣŰɫʹʤҲѳꡣ
ʱħߣҡšüСʡ
˵ͷһĪ˵˵ʵ
ҡɻظĻ
ЦЦûнͣվ̾˿ƺѾָԳҲ֪ûһò׶һȴ
ҡأ벻Ը˵Ҳü׷ʡȻһˣЩԥʣͳξһģһĺ¡ξ𣿡
ҡĻɫֱ䣬д񡢿־塢ŭ
û뵽Ӧôҡü΢šͷ˵ڵعǴμ
лҪ˵  дorz



113 
عֲáͷĲɵ˫½, Ϊָ̫ڷ, ΢΢
ҡоЩԾ, ĸ첲ǷʲôĻ, Ժ˵˵
Ȼһ±סۡһºޣеʹãҡЩ֪롣ֻرס, ĺ󱳰, ޱްǺͳξйô
뱳һ, ҭҭ˵, ô֪
˵Ǹ¡ξ㷴Ӧô󣬳˳ξ벻ˡҡε̾˿ʧǵ̫˺
һˡ˵˾䡣
ҡ⾪ȵķĸ첲, ɴ۲˼˵, һ𣿡
ѽǸһ𣬡Ĩϵۣ, ԥƬ̲Ž͵, , ϶Ϊһ
϶Ϊһҡü΢û
üĿҡ⼸, Ȼ̵˵㻹ǵ֮ǰ˵ħϲŭ尮ͳξһǸǶ顣
ҡ΢̴ڣ˰βһԼξҲ֮һ
ԭΪħ渴ңԶû뵽ߡ
šҧ´Ӧ
ȵȣǳѼħıԴҡȻӦոճ˵ġʲôξװħ֮һǲǡҲ֮һ
뿴ͶĿ⣬һߣ˵ͷ
ҡＤκˣȻһ£ڲɽӳĹȥǶ˳ȥһǣЩǳরģ
লǵһǣǲǲ֮һ
븴ħ棬ǻΪã
ûлشĻɫָ̾СľԸ𣿡
ҡתƻҲǿ󣬽ǰŵͼرӸ룬ü̧Ū׹𣿡
ɨرϵݣ¶ظ顣ĻȻȥ麣ӵǲ׹ôӦŪ
ǾͶлˡҡûжͣ˳ۣЩԥʣϵ𣿡
㶲ŷӦŶ˵
ššüɫͫ¶һ˿ӵɫЩ˵ûУڲɽȶ֮һЩ£ҾͺֿˣӦýѧ
ѧҡЩȣԭδʦһֱǶɢޣôѧأ
ͷڵعǼ̳״ôȻѧҲӦȥˡ
ҡĿЩŹ֣գգۣ̽Ϊһˣ㲻ͦϲ𣿡
ɵģûʲôǸһɡƺЩʲôһЦһ
Ц֮е˵ǣǲʺϡ
С⻰⡣һ
ҡһû⻰ӦԵĳɫɷף˸ң
⻰̫ԩˣֻǵˡ˵ȻƮ䣬ɫԣһȣǹһ޵Ц
һЦܣ
Ҳ˭㣬һȥξĿ֡
šüĿĿž棺˵ĻҪʲôҲܣҪʲôҲһܲš
һ㲻𣿡ξǴЦͷҡ⿴ľᡣ
ǾǸ翴õ񣬹Ȼµò࣬ξԳĸ鲻֮ô򵥡
ƺǲҡĿ⣬ξתͷЦЦĿλЩ죬ʹ﷼
ҵģûϵûҡ˵뵲֮䣬ԳξŭĿӡ
ξüζһЦһ˴ħģϲħ㲻ô
лʢ飬ҿûǻȥҡƳ۳ξͳ뵥˾仰Ȼ˺Ԥ׵ʧ
ξĿһݣζЦȻǷ/÷/ԼĵزѲλȼżҵӣС˵أ
ûתߡ
*
ҡ⽫/ٻز֮ﻹŸղŷ¡ͳһȻջ޲Tλħ渴ķʽ湻ر𡣲ͳξ޲TıԴ֮һǲǶᱻɣ
޲TɹĻǲҲʧ뵽ҡüǿԼЩ߰뷨׿
ΣЩҲûãͽյ»粻롣
ֻǳӦҰ׹ۣЩģȻǲĳ룬ǲĳξһۿͷԪʧԲŻǲǺһ
ոյοôʧȥԪǳξǸװƷ˵ں˶飬ֲϵϢǰˡ
ΪҲɲ⣬ȻԼҲԸ¶/ҲҪϽ뿪
ʦ⸽˰춼ûҵųϲ˰ɡ
ҡ뿪ʱ򣬲ԶȻˡ
˶㻹ųˣһźڰ׶ɫ۵ϵݺݵ˵Դңǡ֮ʱ
ˣЩΪɵ֮أԴӲС
Ǳ˶ݲڲ˳ƶϣųĴݳֻҪҵ޵ĵһΪʦϵɸֵĵ۷ӡ
ǣǿ塭һҺһ˵ֻǻû˵ͱһš
ûĶҪһŮԼҲˮǴߣ
ҡޱǼ˵ĶԻתתԭġڣһûСţȻ׷鵽ټȻСκˡ
ȻΪߵֻĶڣûдݾ߾ǡ˵ǸųϲǹؼҪǸνųϣ»ƤҩһմϾ˦ˡ
ֻǼҡ뻹Ǿ÷/Żͱֿ
ֻڵļߣúǺ⼸ͬ档ڵ˻ϣȻֻʮˣΪߵҲֻԪӤڣλݴδųڡ
ӾڵϸҡЩ⣬һֻһλԪӤڵСţץ
ѵԮ
ɻ֮ʣϵȻжˣҡһȻ
мˣ
Щǹ˵ģĿľΪմϢҵټҵ׾١
ҡǿԼ侲ȻټѾй¶ͰһʼõĴɡ



114 
ʦ֣ΪҪǧ޹ȣһѧ۵ŮӱԹ
ѽ, ƵطʲôģһͬźŴʦָ˵, ֮ⲻھơ
ޱɨһ, ûпȴǵǲɪһ¡վԵŮӼӿ˵Ϊ޻ߣն, ʦʦѵǲʦŵİţ
ʦ⻰ˣҲЩʦΪҪص㶨޶ѡȿڵŮƤЦⲻЦĽ͵
ߣʦ㲻橾Ŵʦ, Ҳ֪˭ħӴúм֮, ǺʦԲŵ۵
ΪʦŮӿһ, ЦЦ˵ʦû, Ͼѧص鲼ޣξͲСˡ
ʦõ۸˵һֱûӳȻǰȥ
ǰ淢ʲôˣеӿǰΧһȦ, ˳ĸ, ʣµǼŮ໥˶ԷһۣƲȥ
סңʲôΧסü
Ϊ׵ԪӤ, Цλѵ, ڶһʮҪı, ʵѿ
ʲôûȲӬ㲻ͷĻӻ֣ƺŸ·ƿˡ
, ѻ֪Ǻô˵û˵ءԪӤߵϵ
ιǰʲôڣ𣿡г뿪޵ѧӣϰŵ۵һŵĳȻλһ޼ɻķԮλΧסӡ
Χӵڵӳ걻ƲתͷһȺˣΪ׵ҲԪӤˣԼͬվΪߵ
ޡ޵ŵۣΪ׵ԪӤŻЩʶǵϵƱʶ¶ݵĿڵ
ŵѧӳ˹֣ûһ˿飬ɨˣĿǸϡ
Ҫû£ҾˡӼѧ˹üٲҪ뿪
һתóһǰתͷӳ˵ŵ۵סӣ
ĻסѧһȺˣǽĿתλӣƳڵһɵĿţû뵽ôʾ˵ƴˡ
˵ӣһ漴ɫѿ˵ҿڵ˲ֹӲѣŮˣ
ݲ£бټҲӲ㣡վϵ֮ѾƣҲͲԶʧΪʱ䣬Դǵָ˵
ʲôڣһɺԵҲ˼ۣ
֤
һǰһšüӳЦѧĸͽôױǣűߣ
˵ü΢һԾ뿪˵İΧûպ룬ˡ
ߣ׷ȥȻͣ£ֻ˴ԶųϺĶɽڴ
Ӿǰ棡Ŵϲȵˣڲ䶷ܲ佫ӵʱҪȻֵѧȺˡ
ҪǴ˷ץӣںγ
ֵĿѧˣָķɳ۶ȥǷȼһ飬ȻҪһɽٵȥ׷Ԫʵ޹⡣
ʦʦãǶȴȥ޹ȡӳüһ׷ȥ
*
ҡһɨ΢ӳôҲ׷ˣɺϻĿģ
ţһȻϢߣҡԥļһ׼õƷ˲зһ˼⡣
ûѾ׷˹Ѿտռ䷨Ķɽڴ˵˵Ʒ˲зǼƷ˲зҲ
ҡûоţһ˲зӣΣƺЩͷʩչֱͨӽռ䣬Ĵץ
ৡһ£ҡһѺɡǺɡӽĿռ䣬˳ƷĳǳС
һĳǳػнս磬շУֱ˲Ʒڳڡǳ޵ڶĳǳرǣҲ֪ǺɡǴֱӽ˳ڡ
ҡһǾ˺ɡͷȺһǳϷĽһ󶶶Ǵжڹ磬ưâӭ
ǴһǶˡ黨ڱǵķֵдһŮ˭ҹǣ
ҡתת㵽ƫƧŻҼ飬¶˵ģҡڵ黨ķȥ
лҪ˵  Էʸһ죬ʧQAQ
ԭ1.Կ磬׷⴫Ȼۿٱ黹Ǻúÿ~
2.ֿ쵽ҵʱˣҵһЩʱ
3.Ŀģʹorz
ᲹٵһǧQAQ



115 
黨λúܺң黨λλʮòЭ, һڲĶ벻, ͳܺõıֻҪѰұĿǸ, һ黨ڱǵķֵˡ
жɽٵǴ󣬴Һ, 黨ϽķΧԸܵڴɵĵĿ˿ţǺ湥ĵǺηʥ
ҡٰĸ¶˸ո߽黨, һλڸŮӾӭ
ʦ, ôˣ
ô˻ˣҡѧŸ¶˵˵ЦЦĶǰ, ʦ, ֵͦߵġ
ŮӾæ֣ɰͰ͵Ц, ֶ˼Ǻȥӭ
ò˵껰, ʦ΢΢üĿһԲŮӱĿ, ŵϢȴκ, ֻʦ浭, 
ǣֶǳɳϵĵӣϼҳճŮ, ϡʦ澹ȻܽгԼ֣ЩܳԴһȽԼļһȫ
ˣҶϼҲȤȥɡҡһĻԸ¶˵̬УѾ˸¶黨ĵλ
ô洫ӣʦǳϵĻλɳڡ¶Ȼڸһ󾳽磬ôҲηӡ˶Դ˸¶˲ź⣬¾黨λȻ
ڴʥĺ󱲣Ȼǲϵĵϵ黨Լǽ黨֮ŦȻ޷ĺҲǲɻȱĴڡ
˵Ҳɣڲɽߴڵľǰλû뵽յ黨ȻԵֲǳ
ҡ黨Сʣʦʦʦȥˡ
ҡ⾶ֱλϣҪ˵ע黨ֵ֮Ľ档
⻰˼˵շɽǣѲɻǴǰ裿
óȻǴϷʧ񣬲Ӧ˿νģϷۡ
ǲ˭ͽģ䲻ӭ޹ʹ֮ˣѻذɡ
Ǻʱ黨Ͻأܴǣ
޷ǣԽ޴ʹְ֮ǿġ
⻰˵꣬ҡеһǿϢ뿪黨
ǣΪ˶Ը¶˲黨黨ķֵǶɽٺڵ͸¶ͬ鲻Ըǿ˵һ
¶粻źλפڱǵ黨ֵǳӲ̣϶˵±νͶġ
֮ǰڵԮʱ춼ڰĶɽʶλպ֪һЩ۵С¡
黨һ黨ƾеĻ켫ţΪһƷʯ󣬻/ҩζŨ񣬶պ켫ŵĿ䳤ϡ
켫ſ䳤ȻأΪԼ黨Ȼ֪һ켫Ŷ黨ƣƢܸɫ
ҡ֪֮£ԭ黨켫ìܼӾ磬һϵ¼оᵽ
ûһʼץסץ׼ǣעֶֻܿˡ
˵̡ҡ뵡ĳŶͷĳָȥ
ȥ
ҡüǸ¶粻˰ˬΪֹǰ̫һҲע⡣
*
ôȻǡ
δȵ䣬һŰ۵ŮȻ̤һӲǡ
һͿǸͷ˸仨ˮҡû֧°Ц⻰ǿޣȴ˵ıŤ
ǶɽٺڣǶɽڣǷֵڲЦ
Ҳ֪ǲ˼˼֣²뿪ν£
ҡⰵһ¶˺һһƢǿӲܿâո¶˵Ը˵Ȼûгʱûɡ
ֵߵĸо̼
Ϣ켫źŵ۹ˣҡЦеĿŵ۵Ǽ켫ų٣Ϊرŵۿ˲ٺö˵켫Ҳóһ
µ棿Ǵ֪ģɫһ࣬šüʵ
ҡⴽ΢üǴ֪ģ̧̧°ͣǸƺмˣҪץס˵ջ񡣡
յá롱һվȻɫ֮ǰΪβ˵
ܴӮץˣҡڴһЦ˵δ֪㲹һ䣬Ҫˣˣ˶֡
ŵۺ켫֮к٣мߣһģֻۏˮץôùء
ɨһָۣû˵ļ󣬵ԸԼҲ޿κΣֻѹ»Ӳ˵к£
ҴȥħԨһˣҮŸϢģҪǸȤĻ͸Ͻ˹ȥ
ûϢԴǷ׼ȷǺɵʣȥħԨʲô
ҡʳָڴϣ˲ɢ˵Ǻǣܡ֮ȥû
ޱ˵֦ʲôϷ
黨ֵе֦һֵ¶ƽպ֦ߵø
ҡУЦЦ˵ϢѾ͵ˣԼðɡ
˵֮ѧŸ¶˵ĶŤ֫ȵ뿪
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뿪ߣҡиҪǸ¶˺ĹϵͲòıƻˡ
ʱ˺һ١
棬ҡ΢תֽûǣҪȥתת·ɡ
ϷȫףȥҴδ˻ɣ˵Ȼˣָڰ鷳Ǹڵųϣмʱᱩ¶
ǡǾϲ黨
ǲ޵ڶǣ̶һ޶Ǽ壬ӣħĳʵ޷졣
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黨ڱһҶǵϢ黨ӦñʵĳҪϸ͸¶黨ϢЩϢӦòΪɡ
Լȥ㹤һĽ
ʦ棬ҲȻмڵ˽˱ǡ
ҡ⿴ű롱ļˣ۾һǵȫѹ򣬾ȻǸų϶롱ˡ
ֻǷԸȥǵ֮ûڵˣо͡롱û뵽дջ
Ƴۡ롱˵ǼԪӤˣҡЩ⣬黨ͽ¶ˣȻƾΪʹԪӤˡ
Ȼٰ¶ˣ׺һλǸ¶Ȼǵ졣黨ķԸиʹǳźҲȿֺͽ
ڲûܲصס̽յĵλжǳԸ¶ЩŶ塣ҡҲŸ¶˵æϢϾ˼ײ㡣
ֶòҡĿһۣɨǼԪӤˣǶȳȥɡ
¶˵ƨҪôģͲǸ¶ˡ
黨뿪ҡ⼤Ž⿪סǵĽơԸˡʱҪӰˣ黨˹Ȼ᳹ùס
ٰ¶һʱ𣬲ڿһʡҡٴθп¶ʵ̫ˣе᲻ôг
ּˡ򦣬ЦĿżˣȻû뵽ȤĻλλõųϡ
ǰʲô¡⿪˽˵Ǽһ𣬽˵ſڡ
ǲһֱ𣿡
ӣ
ͬʱҡжųϣɽڵ涼ûǸ¶ˣλλõųϹȻˢӡ
лҪ˵  Էʸڶ죬ɹ
ȣȻǲ͵Ƿʸɣ



116 
ӳסĲ, ĺ촽ӹһ˿Цų϶԰ɣ
, ųʲôųϻû˵, ڵ˱һɪɪʡ
ҡ̿Ц£Ҫǵųʲô
ǵһμֻûѾ˵ú޲þٰͶŵ, Щ˻һڵ˼ǡ֮ǰѧЩˣڵЩ˲ԼͬΪߵű, Ƕһ³̶, ƽʱû¡
ųϣĺòҡ
˵Ҫ, ǰͦõ𣿡
ʦ
ҡǳ˳, ûʲôǾͿʼˣʲôڣ֮ǰͦ, ֹ֪
һٶʮ, ڿϧˡƲǼ׳գűסӵųϣɫĪȻܺʹŶ, 洫ӻǿԵġ
ոߵʮյĶ, û⵽ڴԼҪһٶꡣܵԴͬ, ڵȴ࣬һԱȣλųϵʱλ黨洫ӻҪá
ǳϿǲһš һڵĵҡĻ̲סڡ
λųü, ѵĿڣȣ֪ΡڵŻ棬Ҫȥ黨š
תõͦģǾ͸ˡҡЦһս
ڵӵĺУ߽۾סųϵ۾ɫͫǺײ۾·ǶУʧǺС
ƻꡱһЩֽͨƻʵǿ˵񣬽˱ΪԼĿܡͨҡһֱʲôãΪе㼦ߣֻܶΪԼ͵ʹá
һ·ļǺΪ൱ߵˣܶͨĻ֮١ƻ֮ǰ¶µĻïߵǼŮٰ¶ҲôӦ֡
ţ
ҪƱ˵꣬ɱῴԷļ䣬ҡⱾֻ⿴˼Ļ䣬Ȼһμ˼Ƭı⡣
ڲű֮¡ҡſųϣյĺ˼£¶һζЦ
֪ʲôųɫĳ嵽ǰΪż˻ƺͼ
ҡⲻŲæΪԼһ裬Ƴһۣй¶ҵмųϾһ𣿡
ոտļ䣬ӳʲ࣬ȫӳñŵϽѧƽ̼񵽣һɢϵ¡
ϵʿԭֻͨˣΪԲ㣬Ȼı߳һһ޵֮·ɴλųϽӴ֮Ǳϵŵġ
ϵʿڣھȫ֮ץǱġ
֮ǰĴǰˡֻҪǰܸҹǼµԸΪǰհųϵɫֱ䣬ֱӵϥ¹ֵƺˡ
ҡЦһ۾ĳ򣺡Ѿûʲô˵ô
Ļ䣬ƾնһˡ
ӳӽ˹ĿĿ֪ʲô
֪Ķ֪ҡϣ֧°ͣ˵ѺλųϿѵˡ
Ŀ֮ѲӣĿͣӳϣѴͬŲԶȥԼȴͬһ·ҵ˱ǣӦòѪɡ
ġӳϵĿջأޱ˵
ΪȼңҡԽһת׹ȼŵ۵̫ǿչȣȻ뾡취ѹƹȼҡܹȼΪʲôץŵۿ϶Ӳ
ȻͲֻˡ
ӳлһ⣬΢΢ִ£ҡ⼸ΪԼˡ
üԭڵľ滹ǸвĵĽŵ۹£Ĵͳԡ
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ˣҡ⾪ϲվ·췱ǣ˵⻰ȻЩʲôšü¡
ӳ΢ʶ˵ԭ򣬴ȴûгȥ˶΢΢üû˵ʲô
һ𣿡ҡܿʰݸһЦ
ӳ΢תƺʲôκ֪ģҿԵû㡣
ҡ⹴һЦվߵǰӸµĿֻҪҰ켸£Ҿ͸֪ġ
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лǰӼ˵
ҡ½ƣָһöЩ£֪ˡ
£תӳ˵ˣһްɡ
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ҡЩΪʲôô˵ȻԲԭҲýͣͷǰɡ
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Ȼġҡɨȥ뿪ˡ˶ãŵͽӳץӵϢͻᴫޣЩľʡʡİɣԼȥޡ
ӳĻײ˵
ƺѾ鵽˵¡ҡ̽ոں˵Щ֪ӳûв鵽ħʣķӦʮ**Ѿ֪ˡ
㵽֪Щʲôӳɫ˵
ҡ˵֣ͫ΢ûлӦ̬Ѿ˵һС
֪һΪβǸӣࡣ
ӳüΪҪ
ҡգգۣͲµô˵ŵҪЮǸӰ¡ҲҪЮӳĻҲˡ
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ҡҡȻӳ޵ϢܿʹޡŵȴģȻҲΪҡϱյġ
޵·ҳ
޴ʱ仹죬Ѿ߰˴ﰵϮΪߵһλϺڣӳ˺ƴܾ˲Ž˻ˡ
ģ
ȻѾӽ޵ĽӵأΪ˻ʱҡ֪Ĳӳͼһ·ĽԽԽսģı͡
һ·ûټٰˣѵΪĥµġӳϥţ治ɫ˵
ҡ΢ΪⲻǱ𣬼ΪĿô޼ɵġ
ţӳȻ
жϢɡ
ӰʧҡĪľһƷϢĴǿҵľ˲ͷƤ顣
ûһ˿ԹĽǶȸĺǸ߷·㣬ȥ̰ĸļɺѪ
ҡʧԭأѩ׵ĲͻأĳһѪۣŨѪζһ˲ܡ
ӳӦҴһľһ
лҪ˵  Էʸ죬ʧ_(:١)_
ԭ򣺰ҵСѧҵQAQ
еٷǸ



117 
Ǹƺʳ񫣬һ, ѪζŨ, ¹µذӰ, еһʧ
ǧϰɱˣе, ʧˡ
һƵɤͻأɳѱۣɫ»´ƤĹɭ䡣
ѪɱӳĿһ, ߽䱸Ĳ̽αҡ⡣
˵, ֵ塣ǸвŮδӳӰȻʧ, һա
һֽ۵Ӱسһ, ǺһЦżֳŪѪɱ͵ϮЩŴɳģ档
ڶ, ǹȼģ
֪ʱ, ԭ̱ڵصҡȻûټֻʣһ̯ѪһֻӱնϵĿޡ
ҹ촵ҡⲻ֪ĸطð˳, , ϵպʧ, ·ոշֻһþֻеϵѪͿ֮ǰ²Ǵ
ܣЩʧ૵, ˵õѾ˰
Ӱɢֻʣһ仰
ѪɱĹأһֻǵڶϣܻ
ûһȻһϸ΢ƺӳһѪֱܵ˻
Ѫɱģҡ⿴ĸ첲ЩԾʡ
ӳȼһŻ棬ֱӽֻ첲ճɻҽüͷ΢壬˵ˡ
ѪɱóɱӶݣһ첲Ѿˡҡ˵۾Ȼӳȴûн࣬ҲЩãȻ
ôˣӳüͫһ˿ĪԥƬ̣ЩϰߵĿڣǸղѪɱ£
ҡعʶ̧ӣԽɤЩ翣û£ֻͨһЩ¡
һΣȷ˵ûܣ߷/Ѿˣֱֵĸо޷ġ
⼸ȻҲΣգ϶оյĶȹʲô硣̫˳¿Σգ֪˰ӣ˵ҪѰڲǱʶȴһֱԴ
˾һ
һβףͦġ
뵽Ȼľһɣ·ƿһϣԪڵպ¡¡ơ
ӳ¶һ˿û뵽ڴʱͻϽס
ҡҲһæϴθļתԪȻûһԪЩ£ĽҲɢ
Ҫʱɽ٣ǰ֪ǰǷ/ôȻ뵽һѵĶɽٵص㣬ɽʵ˷ˡ
Ҷ㲻ӳѹ½ƣΪһĻȡ
ҡ죬һתֱ׳Ľ˵ڶɽ٣ոǸѪɱɱǹô죿
ӳüͷ΢΢ɿƺǽɡ
ո˵Լֵ壬ǸԳڰɱڵǧҡⲻɫתƻ⡣
ѪɱԱ֯Լ⣬û֪ϵݣҲһΪͨˣеȴǰɱɼȻѪɱԱ
԰УǬ޶ңڵζɱڵս
һѪɱΪ͵ɱ˵ʱ򲻻ԡȻҲ⣬ոǸѪɱԱǸ⡣ƺʮϲͷԳΪɱ󾳽ڣɱԼ˵ģȻѪɱͬװ˭֪ĸѪɱġ
ǧҲǸ˿ߣɱһһսѪɱû͸¶Լʲô֪Ķƺ
ѪɱһֻӱԼΪߵĵֽӵЩŹ֡ӳ΢һֱߡ
ҡĻһѪɱľԽ״ɱĹΪߵɱΪ͵ľͲؽаɱˡǵõǸѪɱΪҲߣֵѪɱΪߣ֪һǵù
ּѪɱܱжһ첲ԪӤڿڶһС˼ǧذת¶Ц
׵¹£Ȼչգ纬꼻ΡΡȻʢţžĶǵķ¡ӳԭĿȻǰֵȴ֮ǰĿѪۡ
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һ첲ưոݵġЦЦһܴɱѪɱϾһ£ҡšüЩǵ˵
ӳ治ɫ˵Ǹɡ
ҡü΢λսǿս֣ص˵ô˵Ƿһ顣
û˵
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Ѫɱһҡӳ֮ĹϵȴǰЩһ·ϮԽԽ˺ϻԵҲĬ
ޣڵˡӴҡૣȻ޵Ũ
ӳšüҪȥ䱳ǣ
̶̼üĴȹȥ궼ࡣ
Χ˿Ŷ˽ֻǵûǰؽ磬ʲôϮΧɢˣ벻ͥڵĹˡ˵ĻûбȺԱߵ˶˵Ļ
ԣͶҡδܵݸһЦΧӵ˲ʧһɶ
ɣӣ㲻ȥ䱳ǣ˷·˻֪޾߽ճյ߶
ѽӣȼҪץ㣬ɲȥ䱳ǣһ˳ƺʲô˼ɣԽԽ˼ҡǰ۾ŹĶ˵
ӳվǰɢĺЩˣճһƬյ
лλĹģҡ䴽ǣǶȤô
һܼӣгɫеǺ
ȼҲ̫ˡ
ǰϷЩȼҴʲô֡
ߣڻ㡭
ӳѪڵȺЩεüһ·ȻкĹģ󲿷˿᲻飬֮ǰЩԼĲͣЩȷˡ
һֵϣ·Ӱ˵񣬼ֻҪԸɱε
ôûµĻȥһ䱳𣿡ҡҡҡͷܾ˵ĺ⣬ƫͷӳ˵
ӳ˼Ƭ̵˵ͷ˲Ⱥ䱳Ƿȥ
䱳ǹȼҴӪŵڵĵܳԶ̶ֳ˿ѷ޵ıǣڴͨ˴һʱ˾͵䱳ǡ
ͣĸ·Щ˵Ѿص޵˻ûӦյȥ䱳ǵϢѾв˰ȥ䱳ǡ
ҡ⵽䱳ǣȼѾյϢٹȼСǻڳſڣ˶ʱը˹û뵽ĸ
ҡǹһֵЦû֮ǰԪӳԼҡ⣬ߡ
ĹӦλǰĵڶ£ˡ
лҪ˵  Էʸĵ죬ʧܡüˣʳʳQAQһǷʸӡ
¿Ҫһ䣬Ǳȥ麣ж棬Ȼȥˣ
Ů񾭳üƺˣûǲǹеģҲŮԽԽ~
ٵŰģԼСʹǶʣȭҰ



118 
常к£һŻµŮվ˳ü
ҡ̧ۼϵ˿, ͥⲽ߽, ̬ݵ˵֮, ߵһλߴһ仰
㲻Ϊʲôʽʲô¶ûˣŮһ, ڽЦ
ߣôҡ·û˼ȻһЦɨ۹ȼ, ظһ, ߿ڣ
Ůһ£Ŀһݾĵ, ߳ŭ˵ô, һͼС˵ܼģ
Աߵšü£ҡ΢΢ףɫЩ죺, , ӣ常ڼУǲ, ¿Ϊ
ǲǱ, ĸΪ˵, ҲǱʧȥ쾳ʸֱӰץˣ֮ǰǸŮƿ˵ˡ
ɡʱںȻһ仰, ȴڳÿ˵ĶС
ӳҡ⹰ֵӣ常롣
ҡüҺЦͷĸȻͣ¡
ôֲҽˣŮӼͣбЦ
ҡ⵭Ƴһۣתͷ͸ӳ˵ֹɣҳС
롣ǰ·ֹҪ˵ãɫĵ̧·
ҡⰲ֮صĸ߽ڣ״ʣ˵䱳ǹȼأӦҲɣ
ѵ鲻ɣŮ֮ǰ˵סҡֵ۲ʼį˵
·ӾĿЦŶҡ˵治ͣЩСܼ˼ҡ
û£ҲҡЦĴȻͻȻͣ½Ų
ھͺãطˡ
Ȼڣλǰһ仰ˡ
ԪӳֺΪ䱳Ǽ
λǰҴһ䣺ʱ֪Ļ𣿡
Ļ䣬һµĸߴسǰ忡ݣ͹ȻĳЩ֮ߵѹҡЩ
ţ
ҡ΢Цλǰȥܺã˵һʱͻǰ㡣
ʱ֪ôǻߣ𾪵ϢҲֻӰƬ̣ϢٿҡżֲһĿ⣺С䱳ǣͨˡ
ԣͨˡ̧̾ͷʡ
ûôģ˭ùȼôءǹȼҴһλ̫ã߸Ϲˣû뵽һ޿СȻûйԹԽľƹȼҡ
ݹǳǳ˵Ĳû˵ȨνĹǿ߶µĹأ󡰹ءȱ˭ȭͷ
ȼҿһ޷Ȼ֪ȼϣָΪˡҪ˵ֻԪҲһشȼҡ
˹ȼǸ磬ײ˶ֻ֣ҪȼŶ벻ȼҶ˶ͦ
˵䲻ĻʹȼеĴȫֻҪȼ滹ڣȼҾͲܵ¡һȼʲô⣬ŵȻᱣסȼңҲǵһʳȼԴǸ
ԹȼҿȻؼǹȼôġˣȼұ˵һĵλܱסѪѾܲˡ
һ󵨡˵뷨ɹˣŻᴴһʷһԪɹڵˡҪʧܵĻʧҲǷ/
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Ҳû뵽ǻҽҡóһϷʵЦ
ڹȼ˿ţϾڹȼҵĵ̣Լҵ̻ܱ۸Ǻ£ֻ̫ͲţԴ
˿һı߳𣬽ҡĶһ˲һֿ˼Ĺߡ
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ڳ˺Ͱйע䱳ǵ˱һʾסλΪĴܱĶ׷ʲô£
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⸱ûκ˵ķע⣬Ϊ˵ȫˡ
öһ֣һɻصϢɢ˲䱬һҫ۵ââһ׽綼ܸܵõصĿɲϢ
Ķ׽һյȥɽ٣Ϊǧ߲׾ͻ⡣׽سδֹףٲ֪ΪѾʼˣҳһš
˺صĿֲϯƬʱգҡ׽ٺһȣǺ΢Ĳࡣɫ׹ȴˣƬմ飬һɲĺڶڶ׹ɢĺƣ˵ֿ֮ġ
ҡ׽ǣףһɺƴɲ䱳ǣȼĶ׽ٱ䱳仯Ϊޡһѹǹǿס䱳˵
õޱŭ֪䱳ĸһӰɽǸƿĴС
˲ĿɲӰ뿪׽֮ˣֻǶ̵ߣ׽ȾѤɫڴ󶴲йֲϢɫ׹⡣
л佱
ҡڶ񷣳֮ʱкһ˿Ϣ飬òһɵľֻʣһز֦ķ/ʶͲ֦С
˵仰.ʶͳ˯ȥֻʣһƱܲٿ֦Ϊһ⣬ӳķȥ
ǴڣҲϢ˵òᣬסҡκ㣬ͨһ򵹵ء
䱳ҳһ࣬ΧĹȼͱһϵеıŵסֱߵز˲Żعʧķһ󣬼ҡ/ʶ֦صӳߡ
պ֦һɤ
ѽҡ
ӳعͷڵӶźȻֵˣ۵׻һ˿˵ƺ޹ء
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ӳ˸һߣκ֦
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ϹǻزˣǸؾȫ鱾С
٤Ү˵̫磬û˹Ϲֻŵۡ

ƺʲôɰ㣬ŵһλԽԽѱħʷ׷׿ڡޣޣޣݣޣʮޣٴӭħʱ
ӽ־ʼն׵ĳ֣׽˴ˮڵ˳׷ڵʱ
ܾúܾ֮ⳡħ׷³׽ƷޱĿ¼˳Ϊ֮䡣
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ôҲˣҡⶢźͰ׹һֵĳ룬Ծʡ
ͷ/ֿųű任ͨһ·ززŵ˶麣˴Լңڵȵ˰׹ۣ͸ĳ롣
ħҺһȥ麣ԴԵЩƲ֡
ҡüһգգ̽糳ˣ
ǣ뼸ʶĻ˵Ӧ̧ͷɵĶҡ⣬˵ʲôǲǿʲô
̫ˣҡε̾˿װ˿װˣأ
ҲãʹãħһҲкܶࡣ
΢㿪ҡߣ֪ħͱˣħΪʮ֮꣬Ҿ룬ûֿܽ
Ҳָ֪ʲô
ҡŹעеƫ㲻˵һǧħ̥ħߣֻһܳͳξͬһģ
ţҲ֪θıģΪҵĳǸɡ
ȵȣ͵͵ܳģҡȻŵų׹ۣ죬ϴ
ڳ̤׹һ̣һӰɿĿ麣



119 
磬, úδɩӰɡ
뱻ҡϰ׹۲ź֪ķ׷ĳξ, Цеĳξӻ, ɫͫһ˿⣬硱͡ɩӡ
룡ξŽƮԶ, ɫһڣƾɺΪ߰㳯׹۵ķȥ, ڿҪ׷С֮ʱ, ȻܿƵ׹ڳĶ麣֮С
麣˰׹ۻˮƣͬһƽĺھ, һ˿û, ˮУһ㶯ûС
ųξӰһڵ㣬ĵ̾˿
ΪʲôҪȢѪħ幫ϲ, ҡĶ̾ĳ, 仰Ȼû˵˼ԡ
ǳ঵˼šü, ˶ЩƲֵ˵, Ӧˡ
ҡԺѾԲһҰ㵫ǲȢ, ȢŮпԡĹѪŰСԣαǿҲˣħ֮һ, һֽǶȿ
뿴ȥɫȻ֪ʲôҲµһͳξ£ڵһתƻ㵱͵Ϯô£
һͷˣҡⱻĻתעĥ뵽øۣڭǸͷĪµĽƣ䲻һƣô䵽ⲽء
ζɨһۣЦ˵ҲҲᣬϾ
ôˣҡüĿ
ԪйѵǱˣϷʵĿ
ҡƲƲ죬βһ֮⣬ƮƮ˵һҹ飬𣿡
ΪȻ⡣
붢ؿڵ˿ŵ˵ҪˣҲ˵㣬νĵҲһҹҲֵˣ
˵ңԼһҡ̧ЦЦƳָʣǳξ
㶣üļҪšɴ֣ĬƬüһɣɫкǹɵ˵һһҹ¡
ҡü΢̧ƺἰ£ʮתƻ⡣
麣ʲô˵Ըҡֹ
Ʋ죬εĿźĶ麣˵ö麣λǰ⣬ʲôֵ
麣˽⣬ô͸ҿ϶麣ûֵҡбһۣЦ
֮ǰڶ麣ľ޾˵ܸ֪麣λڣҲ˵Ѿڭ⻹λ麣ûܣ϶λڭּĴгͣڶ麣
ƺʲôתת飬˵ҺһϢ麣Щ̫ƽ
̫ƽʲô̫ƽҡɻʣ麣һССζûУ÷·ʱﶼˣĲ̫ƽ
˵˿麣ˮӿƺˮжҪˮ档΢΢šü΢Щȷ
ôܣҡѿڶ麣Ǽλͷľ޾ѵǾ޾
ӦòܰɣŹȥãôܴӺε棿
°ź棬ĵ˵ҲϣϢǼٵģȻҪʲô⡭
ҡⱻѣҪڭûҵڶ麣ˣûˡ
뵽ֲ꣬ǶȻڵʲôп½һΪʲô
뺦һλ̫ħα˴ۡ
ʲôˣľ˼ҡ⻽ѣҡ˳Ŀ⿴ߡ
ձ飬Ⱦɫ
ҡյ/ǱߵϢɫЩ֣麣߾Ȼܲ׵ϢǾ⻹Ƕ麣йŹ֣
ʲôŴ죬̧ͷǸĴ
ҡ䴽һЦףҪ׽١
ЩŵգգָۣǸڶ˵һ׾ôĸ˾Ȼ׽ɽ٣
ġҡüۺЦһĿų롣
ңһ˵ڶɽأƲ췭˸ۣȫĻ
ҡεҡҡͷ֧°˵ˣʲôƭ˵ģȥԼҲ֪
һתߣ֧°͵קץס˵˵㵽ôģ
ҡ򵥵Ľ䱳ǵ˵һ£۾ð⣬קסĸ첲˷ܵ˵ҵ죬⣬Ҳ̫̼˰ɣǸ񷣻𣿡
׽Ŷ٣ⶫҲֻһšҡק÷۵ĸ첲̧ͷİ߲񷣬ɫЩء
û뵽һŶ׵Ȼô󣬹ֲõԺɽٶҪȥգһ׾ܰѰ׽ƣԶ޲վͻˡ
Ƕϵģ˵˲ûˡ
ԣ֪ףⶫûܽշƳ׷ֵĿҡ⣬ɻ˵Ǵö׷
ҡݸһЦû˵޼֮رϾ׽ʱĵطóĶǲͬ졣/հöó˲µ޼֮йأҲӡ֤Ϊ׽޼֮֮ɫ䡣
쾳Ǹ¿ߴ͸仰һǣ·ʱȥ޼֮ء䱳ǻˣùȼĶ׽ǰȼҲƴŹ֡
麣Ϊڭôȥ޼֮أȻ׽类ȼ˺ˡ
Ƕֵܳ־һŶף޼֮طǺǺ£Ƿĺʹ˵еĽйأһȥͱ
˶Լ˼ĬʱƽĶ麣ȻһĲΣһ
ŵͷˮףҡק˻
𶯣㲻ȥɡ
᲻ʲôˮ֣ŵһקĸ첲һסأһСķȥ
ҡüôǵڶ麣һȦˡһǿס񣬰ο룺ţ಻麣ʶһͷμȦ
ǣδŰ׹źɫԽԽ԰ס
ץȣҡק룬ԪŰ׹ѸٵԶƬ
ĺ˲ӿ𣬷·𿴲ͷһ˴˱صĺˮûʪ͸һֽĺ˲ԼͬĴ˸ս
ҡüȻվ
ʲô뱻ĶסæҪ¡
ҡҡͷ˵û£зִ硣
Ȼҽ麣ԼܵһϤϢѵǡ
𣿾ʹųһ麣
һϤϣԵʮ־ϲȸԾ㣬ңǾ
Ȼһ˴Щ˳Сķҡ⼱æ˵𶯣Σ
ǣʲôѣθſ¿
qqˮ򣬸ˮʲôܸܵһȻˮУǶЩεʼٸߡ
һ޴ͷ븡ˮ棬ҡ⻹ûüֻۣ󵽲˼ӭ⣬ʱһʹļΧ緢Хɸߵĺ׹ۡ
û֮ǰˣ޴ĳֱӰѽ׹ɢܣ֮ǰҡѾų麣
˴Լ㺣ˮҡͳڳɹھ޾ϣˮ档
ôľ㣿һ߶ŷһߺµľ޾۾Ǿ̾
ˣ۰ɡҡЩ޾ںڰô꣬һ͸ۣ۾Ҫˣ
޾Сۣһδɫ˷ܵˮ﷭뵽ϻн㣬ֻѹס顣
㣬ʲô
ҡܵ飬˳Ŀ⿴ȥЦգɫա
ɫɫɫգҪȥգҪȥգ
޾˷ܵĴ󺰣Ų֪ʲô£ıϺȻһԾ޴ĳǳһ𣬾޾ɵա
ھ޾ϵҡͳֵˮվȺ𾪵Ķһۣͬ˵
лҪ˵  дǰֳĪСorzץ
ǵ˵ġʵ־޾ĵһԸ



120 
ˣ麣죡Բ, оԼ, 麣һͷ˿ܳ׵ĵط, Ҳֻǿհʱͷ޾ƺȫܶ麣Ӱ, չĸ߶Ȳһͳ׽硣
ҡøʱҲ̫˵㣬ѵ, ˮ, ˷Ϊֵͷ˿޾ʹ˳Ҳ
һֻӴġ˳㡣
ֻǾ޾۹, ɫۼӲ, ɭ亮ȵԸ񣬴òϿ, Ӧܺסˡ
ﻹЩɻ, ʴԺȻĳ¡
㣬˵һǶԾ޴ĺɫɻ, Ҳ֪, ոϺȻ, ֮ͳˡ
Ŷ֪ˣ֮ǰ׺ȻһƯ, ˵ܳĵһԸͻ档
Գ棿뵹һŵ૵
ҡĻü⣺Գ棬ʲôͨ
һҡ⣬֮ɫԳǿҲһͨͨǺϵյģ򵥵˵˵Ļʵ֡
ҡĿһʾ޾ΣһԽշ¶˳ҡզ಻ѡ
ô˵Ǹ˿²ֹϵϵųӴԳ棬Զûǰ赭дšü°˼
֪ϵ֮ʲô𣿡
ҡƤһܾþ޾˵ǸƯ֮ǰ޲TйأǾܽΪʲô޲Tڶ麣ţΪ麣˵ҪĶڡ
򴽣˸ƺ˼Щʲô˲òŵһֱͻƵϵֻ׽֤ϵĲָ֮һ͵˵˵׽һλͻ˺ϵ߾ˣ徳Ҳ֪ʲôһ˵ƽƽ
ƽƽҡðһ㼦ƤȻǴĹǧһʶûʶ׽һеȷ˵㣬ƽƽȫĹϽ׽硣
֪Գյ˭𣿡ȻЩʲô̿˵
˭ҡһʱûзӦ
Ȼ뿴
ҡݸһҺԵѾˣԳƺԣΪǷѾ˺ƽƽĵزҺϾƺҲǲܡ
ԳᣬӦñһԵĳ°ͣü˼
˵ʲôҡɻʡ
عҡҡͷ˵ûû£ҾǾ᲻̫ҡˡ
麣ϿʲôûУ޾ⳤȾмȻ麣㹻󣬵ò˵ͦ۵ġһԾ޴󳤳ᣬκϺѾˡ±˫ȳŪò죬밶еԶڶ麣Ͷע⵽ˡ
֪麣ôոոһ£Ϊʲô³ǰæصеĿ
֪ģҺܿͿҵչһٶȿóһģӰϵ˲һִȥ
ǱĲ˲ϵҷħųһϽ絲סЦ˵оЩʣ׽û㿴ٶȣֱˣ
ҡ⻹û˵ľ޾ĿڣҪҪҾͽоҽС룬˷ܵ˵ҽ
ɫ֮ĵһɫҲûбɫƯɫˡ
Ļ̿뱧ҡĸ첲ҪЦᣬЦǻ϶˵Уȿȣ磬ɰǿɰ
ӴɭۼףʵںͿɰһҲߡ
ǷȣȣֻͦġҡֹסЦһķȡ֣Ȼеܡ
ƺЩ죬λȥ麣
ף˭ȻĿԶü
ҡ˳Ŀ⿴ȥЩѿڶʥӣ
ֻһ޼ʵĶ麣֮ϣһλ˽̤/ǹնɣߡ
ʥӣû뵽Ȼڶ麣еԾ˵
գ֮䣬ѾԽԽ·Ŀעӱ˵ľ޾Ȼģڶ麣еı죬ûжѰʵס
һۣҡ϶ͣһ£űȭֵ·ǣλҪڭǰ
ô˵Ҳλǰģ
ҡ֮ǰõǊݣʥûϳ֮Уֻھ˵ƴ¡
ʵѾڭǰˣλǰָҶλġ·Цһͷԡ
ҡͳһۣ֪λǰкν
·ƫͷҡ⣬Щɵ˵λ˵´еĿһ£ȥˡ
Ŀһ£ͷ϶ŲҼҡ⸹̲ѣϲɫ˵Ҫȥ޼֮أ
ǣ·飬ɫһ࣬
˵ĶԻ𾪵סҡ˵ȻҪȥ޼֮أ
ѽѹȼҿӵôңֻܶ޼֮زܱˡҡǳİ̾һ䡣
޼֮ѾˣһԼҧȥ޼֮ػûģ硭һȥħɣǲħ
ҡ㶣û뵽ħϾԼǴħ͵ܳģǲħ
ģȥ޼֮Ҫ£Цĳգգۣ֮ǰ۷ŹҪĶǳ
۾һ˵תת˼˵㲻йϵɣ
֮ȴ׽ΣաҡЦûԣе˼һĿȻ
Ҳãüһɣתͷ·ǣɫոյʥˣ֪λǰ˵ʲô
һԵ·ɱֺúЦһڭĻλǰ˵ǹѰΪ𡣡
һģǲԴԹĿҡ⡣
лҪ˵  ״̬ãдԽԽ_(:١)_еСQAQǹ°ɣһ¾ȥ޼֮ˡ



121 
һ޼ʵĶ麣ƽںżӳϦ, ԶһߵīɫȾϵٺ졣
Ƕ麣, źqqĺ, ֪ʲô̤˵ء
֪һ, һͷ޴Ĺźɫٴ˵أȵҪӽЩʱȴҲϿ
޼֮صڣ붢űסĵط, Ȼҽ޼֮, ˵ھڶ麣ҡҪһڸʶ, ˽ȥ֮ٺ;޾ȥڭټ
Ӧþˡ˰ҵ˵ط, ·üһɣ˿
ҡűסĵط, Щ, ƫͷ·˵Ȼҵˣǽȥɡ
ˣһҪȥ·ǽü΢š, ƺ޳ȥ޼֮ءҲ, ޼֮ؼ, һֻԪΪ˽ȥһ˶ѹȥ
лʥӺ, ҡⴽ΢Ȼ⣬µľ޾棬һ㡣
ôҵ޼֮صڻҪ޾ôһֱڶ麣Щ˸Ϥ
Щҡ⣬еĶɵ̶Ըֻίίĵͷ麣Уˮ֮УǶԳˮʧӰ١
ȥԺСһ㡣붢Щ˼ۣüͷתͷҡ⣬ǵ˵
ҡûסЩӤʵ̿˵ˣԼҲСһ㡣
·Ƕһۣһ֮С
޾˵ӰʧͣƬ뿪Ƭ
ȴ˵ҡ뺣֮ڣȻһƬµأǱ̹ǵĶ麣С
ףƺЩƣҡ֪Щ޴ڵƺҲ˵УֻǱ˹һ
󣿡ˡðҴǰǷ·ɻ
ҡ⻻؊ʥôͽԼľˣ
·ǵЩȣִЩ֮УȻǊ
ֵҡԾˣΪȷ뷨Ƕһ䣺ʥ֪ģ
Ȼҡ͊ǲͬһ۷׷ףΪһֱûŷ֤ݣϢҲֻǴԡ
Ϣ·ǵĴ𰸳ҡϣл͸ıϢСľôܻΪϢ¶أ
ԼǸܵɻЦŽ͵ҽ츳ͨ
ҡӻȻǰвͬѰĶɨ˵ת˲ŵĺӰ
ǺʣҪ·ԴٵȻ𣬿ϧҡ˵ǰѾСеĺʡ
ԼȻһֵĵطĿǰããҡⲻΧתƣоƺһ˫ڲϽʶֱסЩһ˿С
ǹʱǹʶסĸо˲ʧֻԼƺ˺ܶ£ԴЩجج
˦˦ЩصԴǰߡ
֪ƣ߰ߣҲ֪˶ãԼֶҪʱ򣬰ɫгһӰ
˭ҡЩѵĿڣԼǳû˵ɤɳĮȱˮˣɳơ
ǸɫıӰתֻɿ㲻һֱô
ҡԴЩ㱣૵㣿
Ƭ̣ڷӦ͵̧ͷǸɫӰԵЩƮ㵽ʲô
ҪʲôɫӰỺöĵζ
ҡֻ˻Դѣ̽ľ磬˵ܣΪʲôҪң
ûܵˣܸ𣬺οɫӰҡҡͷЦ
йأҡץ͸¶šüʡ
ɫӰЦˣ֣ɤдżѲȻ󣺡Ҿ͸㡣
ҡⱾ;λĻֻӺȻʼֻѹʱѾվǰ
ɿһβ׵˳żһֱʵͷҡͷƤ飬֪ΪʶԻԼѪͼڡСһ֣ġˡȻһΪһźʧ
ʱһ翵ĸ϶ҡԽԽѣΧİаһܿص֮С
ѹ·ֹͣеʣû°ɣ
ҡⲻʵĻλԴɻʣո
лůʮ֮ǰ㣬ҪϺʡ
֮ǰЩӰǺʣҡЩ֣оƺʮϤ֪ʲôʣʲôǻŹֵлֻǴ޼֮صģ˴˲ϤҲöʡ
·ûв˽Ľ˵ʽξУٰˣǱգѲˡ
ҡüʺеƣƺող鼱֮ԻѪͼڣҪˡ
ֻ˾ȻλصŮӣȻСҪ
ŮӵĻʵ뷨Ͳ²⣿
߰ɡ·ǵĻ䣬һبǰǹ
뵽ǹе飬ҡȻȻ˵Ե޼֮أŶô˽⡣
˸ǹߣһ·ϲĴߵĺӰ֪ǲǹѹãЩӰܿˡ
˲ĵطźӰ顱顱ըһ翵ߵʣҼٰ籾
ȻȥǶˣˣҪȥȥɡ
һҡ˲֪˶ãˣֻǰĳȴһ
һʬǶѳɵĹɽĵ׷Щι״˹ǣǺ޵Ĺ
ҡܲɽв𾳵ʬǣȻ񾳵ʬǡ񾳵ʬڹɽϷȶơһ߱Ť˲ӣͷһߣһ߱ǰһ߻ңֱӴм˺ģƴһ
ʬǵģʵõ񣬾Ȼᱻô򵥴ֱֱķʽȥ
ֻǲô˵Ͼ񣬼ʹȥ꣬Ө׵Өлһ㵭⡣ҡ룬ӹʬǾǼƷϡ
Ȼֻ룬ʬǵϣ˵ؿζ˵㣬֣Իᱻ׷Ŵ
ҡջ߰뷨ĿһƳɽԱһھ
ǿڹžǴɫģһֺɫСҶЩ֣ǽɫģ컨ҶЩұ죬߶Źž֮󣬾ûƿ
ħ޼֮ڡ
ԵħעԾѣֻǿһۣ·ȫˡ
ҡƺЩԱ׹ɽôˡ
лҪ˵  ľȻң_(:١)_
ҡ⣺ʲôü()



122 
·ʱĽ͵СģǾûʯ, Բͻᱻȥ
ָָԱߵİ׹ɽ, ƫͷҡ, 峺ӷ·ܵӳӰЩԴ޼֮ص˵ʬǡ
ô඼ǡҡⰵľ, ЩʬǵϢƺѾЩͷˣ˵޼֮ǽʲôʱ׽ô
·ƺŽȥ, ʮĵΪ󣺡س֮, Ԫ𽥱ģԶԪѾʣ޼, ĳЩؾ, һطԪΪŨ
˵ͣҡգգۣ޼֮أ
, ͷ, кЦ˵ʱ֮ʱʵѾѷ̫, ռ׽ԪŨĵط, Ҳ̫̽źʵ, ׽ԼһĶʵȥ޼̡֮
ҡĿתѵ顢мɸߵĹɽԾڣǶ
ʬ, Ƕɽ׽ôûһû뵽һԼʬǡ
ǽ޼֮أ㹤򼸺ȫûֻмλѣԴԺ˵ؾͱΪء
·˵赭дȴҡһ㼦Ƥ񣬹ֲʷûʵ̫ˣ׽һĶʵ޼֮أȻ㶼Ųס
ȻҲ֤£һԶĺǿǿѾԴ޷Լʵٴ֤޼֮صĿֲ׽Ƕȥ޻ء
˵ԶǶǿ壬·Ƕ޼֮ƺҲİѵҲȥˣ
ҽ֧λ᲻ǡǹе·ؿ˵·𻹴żֳŪ
֧ҡԾĵɴ۾һ޼֮ذ֧̫ħ֮һ徹Ȼ޼֮йأ
ǰΪν˵ܸң޼֮йصϢӦôδȥôͻȻ
Ȼ֪޼֮ص£һ塣
ҡɫٱ䣬û뵽Ļ˼תתǵһ׿˵Ѫͼڳ塣
룬ܿʰ飬̬˵ǰ˵ĸ
СѾͷոѪͼܵĺʰɣûнĻζһЦԪ塭
Ļƺűζҡڣ·ݸʧЦڳϣͱˡ
֮ǰһĹﰲΣͲΪˣֻһ㣬֧һź岻ϵĿ¾Щ鷳ˡ
ҡ·ǵĻ΢΢šü˵лʥѣǰһ⣬ǰ֪̫ĹϵΣ
޼֮صĿģһ֤仰Ƿţ֪˭̫̽˵¡Ȼûйڸĸļ䣬Ȼ֪ȥΣΪŮô˵ҲҪ
㿴䲻꣬Ϊ˵Ͳ޼֮أԵźɣ̫ĹϵҲ˽⣬
һתżֹŹ֣岻͵кöˡ
ҡһ飬ôɣ
ģ壬ǽ壬ͬģڻĹž뿪޼֮ء·̿Цһѡ
ˣĻȥʱǵԻѪͼڡϷʵ˵
·ָħϵĺɫСϸĽ˵ЩֻѪͼڣ޼֮ص˶ᱻľ±ס㲻
ҡզֲ࣬ħҪûʯл㱵Ŀһ˲ͱЩסϾܽľµĽʱžԼЩçײԪ͸޼֮أ׽Ҳڶˡ
ǽȥɡ·Ǿٲħҡ
˿ħЩѪʺС𽥿ʼѡԭĻȻչ¶һɹ캧˵Ϣڸ֪ѪͼڵϢֻ£𻨰꣬ٴΰ
÷·ոյֻһþ
·ŤͷЩ˵׼𣿡
ҡף뾮С
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һƬڰߵĺХķҡܸܵԪ֮쾳Ԫضáھʲôûɱž衣
Լȥ㣬ĽŴʵϣʱоΧ쾳ŨԪס
Ԫĳˢ£Ԫڵǲϣƺһͻ飬ҡæѹȵԪ
ߣѹԪδܣ·ǺȻ̤ǹɶݶߣҡǰΪٶ̫켸塣
ɨۣǸովĵطͷʵĳ޳׷޵ٶ죬ǹٶȸ죬һͰͷޡ
һɽͣ¡
·Ǹոż뿪һֱֿʼǣĶֱͣºŲס
ҡոʧˡһЩڵɿ˵
ҡûĻҲûʲôʧʧΪÿһˡ
һˣصǲ֪˵档
ĿⲻΣ˵һʱתͷڿҡü΢£۾һ˿ɻ
лҪ˵  ʹorzʣµһǧ첹Ȼ¶СһҪƤ˵һ䣬Сɰµ׵ˣȵӪҺͶҪˣӪҺôô



123 
㣿û뵽㾹Ȼҵˡƺϳ˭еɻΪ졣
ҡǰ, ݸ滹
ҡ⼸, Ц, ޼֮ʲô
ҵҡ΢Ȼ˵
ʵ, ϴ쾳Ҿ;常Щ񣬲һɽɡϲ˵
ҡлһ˿ϲĵ˵˵ģ
Ȼ, ߰ɡ
ץסҡ, ҡЦ֣ĵķٵһ½ǰġ桱ս
ǰ, һɢȳĴݵĻԼ, бٵƺϢ
ʹļھвϻصǻɿذO@, °ڳ˺Хķ, һʱ侹ʲôûˣ·ǵϢ֪
ҡⰵšüͲµħûô, ȻϢ֯õĻþ
쾳ǰѳ, ոһ˵, 桱ȴһҲ¶Ȼ˿ԼѾ뵽þ
ⳡϢĻþҡøӾ֪˶, ٴθеŲʵϵĸо
ͻþһһ̤ϵ棬ŨԪԪƴԪڵǲϡ
ѹסԪȵһ·˵˻þһĻߣ
ǹŶ˷ɿ뿪ħ
ҡԾ֣ɨ棬ǻþֵͷޡѵڻڻþһһĻþ
Ҳþһͣһɽȣ·˵껰ҡʶþ￴ķ򣬹ȻӰ
ֻһþͬǣ߻վ˼ˡ
;˸ľ
*
νأǳΪɭžһ羰ԴԪɾؿٺ̫ħǵĺ;۾ڴˣĹĩ̫ħ뾯ʾ󱲣Ҫ¾뿪޼֮ء
̫ħа֧ѪĺᣬǼã֧к岻ʮٵԯֻвʮˡ
У̫޼֮أ֧֪֪֮ף˵˴Ϥٶдŵӡ󣬵ý̫ˣİˣһȻ塣
ȵǣԼǸ죬ƺĶ
ˣһļҲˡ
ʱһλãҼǵƺʮûµСˡһʡ
üԺѰһȦȷвûż˵棬Ҳ̹ԼѪͼڵ˶ʶǹĵ˵ǲ֪Ļء
Ưȥе尡ߵͱͱĸ첲°ͺĴԶˡ
֧⼸ȥȥЩˣȻһλƯСȤ
ѣšüһɣĺеΪܾĶаˡ
˵ÿСı㣬һֻĲ廰ԱǸףţЩϵġ
ǶˣѵǴģ
һ˱ǰӵĳҡȥ
ûȼ˿һӰһǰ
ճСһЩģѵĵĺӣһϮòݷǷ㣬йɶصʣ崺֮С
ʻĶҡ⡣
ҡЩĿźȻðֵˣ񾳴ܣ壬ǻþô
ǻþþһҪʵ񾳴еϢģȱ
ǰǣգգۣʵ
ˣûӴ𻰣Ѿ˹ϲ˵
Ϊƫͷ΢Цº޺Сȥˣ㻹ڣ
ȻЦú㣬첻µزµȴЩ˵˰벽Цʲô塭
û˵꣬ӴԴ𱸵˵һ˴档
ãסתͷָҡ⣬Ծ˵˵ǡ
ҡԭϷƺ䵽ԼϣİĿ⿴Ʋǵˣ쾳㻹һ
һ滻˾籾ǾøոǸþֲ̫Ҫⳡþʲôӡ
쾳šüϸȥ緢£ɻҡͷҲδ㣬㶫
˵Ļɨɫ΢ɲüֳָ̧һ¡
ȻһԴһ£·ĳֽ⿪һӿԺС
ðһ亹ɫȥһûǰ˵䱻Ĩȥ£ӣ壬Ů
ⷬ˵ǣ죬ͫ΢תɫˣȻȥ˵
Ǹܲ˵һ仰ҡȻϵȫˣþʵЩ¡
˵Ц
ҡ⿴̽ʯ˵й𣿡
üչ꣬䷢»֪ΧЩʯȴǱ죬޼֮˺գܽʯڼʮǰǣ̫壬˵Ϊ¡
û뵽һգۣǸ뿪ŮŮˣϾȻѪͼڣҪ֪ѾʮûгµĺˡֲȻǴġ
Ӽڳ˵飬˼һתֹҪ˵ҡ⣺ʲô֣
ҡ⡣ҡЦв֪ɾ裬ɴ˵֮ͷƤ飬ǻþ
ͷֿվҡһֱû˵·ǣǽ壿
˵Ƴ·ǹһ˿졣
·ǣμǰ·ǰ벽Ĺֵ
һֱʹڸеĻ̲סڣ·ǣ
ӻδŵĻڣȻСʶɽɡ
ҡ⻹ûӦС˭оһǰһǰľ˲ģ
֮⣬ֻʣڡ
ʱһɽɽɽǶһվڶƽϡɽƣԶ羰ʤգԪ֮ǰվĵطҪŨࡣ
ɽǰһеǲģһҧʮ¾ҡЩͿˣþôϸ
磬ǰˣûعһȻ𣬽Ǹ˼֣չôŮˡ
üһ壬ĳָһŲæ˵壬Ҫ˵˵ĸŮ
һɫӰЩǱƾе
ҡһԱʣ˵ĸģҿԼ𣿡
Լǰһеɻþ񾳴ܣȻûнš
лҪ˵  дָģЩ˳_(:١)_ûǧ֣סˣ˵QAQ



124 
ǸȻӰվȽţ˦˦ͷ, ڵ˲Ƶǰ磡ǳֶŮǰô
ǳ, ⡣еʳָֹסľٶ, ε߰˲ϰӡ
Ӳżһ, »ΪԪȻɢԪ־ΪһԲθסӼв, һϢѾ˽С
վһԵҡ⿴, ֮ǰ˵ʲôˡ
ۿУȻ粻ܶط, ǽ֮õˮ, һӾʢ硣
ǿͣ£˶ˡıؿһԵϣȻǰѾ˾ռߡ
Ļ, սһӴܵҡǰ, °ĸŮõͦ, ȷˣ
Ȼ, ҡȴЦ⡣ʹûв֤, ǹѪļ¶ƭˡ
ҡƬ̻㱣ΪѪͼǸʲôһɵӦǰֻر, ·Ѫˡ
ԣǻþþһƭҲԸķˡ
ҡ˵Īȴ·㣬Ͳ³˵ʲô̿ղҸоħǱ˽ʱˣ
ףʱˣĻҡߣʣĶģ
ҡһµĿˣǿеʱʲôǻĻħǸĹ컨䡣
¶⣬λĿ£ʵʵΪʲôʱҡĻų׹
ԭħǶ仨һ˿ʱ䷨ܸ֪δһʱ䷢£ƾ츳ʹ֪޾ĽþϾ˵ǻþҲ˵ǰδ
ҺʹǰһжǻþҲûг嶯ĹˣȻͶˡ
ÿˣһСָͷ
ʲô¶˵ҺͶϽʲô£һöŮ𣬽һòŮȻڼǰ滹һ档
ŮһϮ£ҡ⿴ĵһһʫˮΪΪǣܽüҪ˵ƾĻ׽޵֣ǰλǳԼŮˡ
ΪߣǹɹĶʵı֮òΪڣ·ڷ⡣ҡȻԾϱʤһȴҲ˵վһԼɫ
ҡڿŮҲڿҡ⡣Ůˣ䶼Ǵǰòϼ˿ƥŮˣȻһλԼµŮˣһ΢ĸо
΢УʱӰѪϵӦ
˭һ˫ƯķԲĶҡ⡣岻ֻһŮģɽȻһŮģȻΪԺԲƣʵԺԡ
ҡ⾡ܿΪǹѹ࣬Ҳ˵ĿǰΪֹΪ͵Ķ𾳡ΪĶôǿǸӦúпҲ
簴ôģλϵ뵽ҡⲻðһ㼦Ƥ޼֮ˣΪǴ𾳿ʼ
ŮáӺЦӿڡ
ۣҡϵĿջأˮϲıǰͶְ˵
һԵĿƲⲻ㣡
ŮһɻĿҡ⣬Щȷ˵ΪҾƺĶ
쾳Ǳ˽ȥһμ䡣ѵȻ⿪˽ƣ绹ûü⿪
Ļ̧һƳȡм䣬ɫ΢䣬ָͷϸһ£СӣǶƽնùȥܱ˰㣬СҡԼǶڹ
Сҡ⣿ҡһ飬֪˵ʲôá
˵ƽʱùһű۵Դ߷߲ƽֹ
ǲִ򣡡ӵ̧Ȼ𣬵ΪǰҲֻбͷܵķݡ
յǰЦĴӴܵĨȥ侹Ȼ޲
ˣˣסֶˣתͷҡ˵ĵڱչأѾֻ֪ͨǲ֪ʱܿ
ҡ⵭ףô˳ҵѾײˡȻܺǸδıĵչزͨ£óȻϺˡ
ŮߵҡǰǸŮ˵Ů
Ļһնʱ
һֱЦİӺĳıӸΪޱģһֱ˵ķޣƽ˼ľսľС
û뵽ҧҧίί˵ңҾе桭
ҡҲȻһĻ
ǸŮָô֪֮䷢𣿡
ӻָɫüû˵
ҡ鵭˵ȥˡ
һڳ֮ɫ죬ûסڣ˵ˣ
ָ㣬ɫ΢̧ۿҡ⣬̾˿£Լɡ
лҪ˵  һͿģȻǰûһμ滹Ǻ裬е㲻ðաŮĿǰ˵һˣ͸Сˡ
Ϊֲ⼸ĶС˫



125 
ԣôܻ, ǡüĽ, ֹ, ·𲻸ҡĻġ
ҡķӦУȥΪʲôǶһŵģ, ·ʲô˵ıô򵥾ˡ
ҳ󲻾ãͲ, ֮ǰ쾳, Ǻ˵ôҸĸ˫ֵܡ
ҡ⻰˼ʱ֪Լ֪ģ
ԭΪǸ, û뵽ˡȻ˭ûи, ֪ģ
Ϊ˲ɱңҲ֪ˡҡЦеĽؽСĸ¶˷ųΪ˲֦, ¶ֱڻ, ƽʱɴš
¶˱ӵϣӲָųһڸ¶ʶһȦü΢š, һ˿, ̫ˡ
壿
С, ÿڣֱӵָѰļˡ
Ƭ̺ŭѵ˵û뵽, һȻ
ҡһԿż˵ľٶУ˿Ǹʲô̫ǵĹϵãĿǰΪֹûΪ˵
˵Ż̧ͷĻˡ
Ļδ䣬һµͻأĳǰɫҴңлһ˿δɢȥĽ
翵׳ϼͽ߶һ֬ɫûġʹĵɫվǶΧһȫеȻɫʧ⣬·еĹԴȫһ£
ҡĿվԭزҶ֮ǰУǰˣ֪ΪۿЩᡣ
ǰͣ£ƺЩ˵֣
еͳҲ󣬷·һɢˣỺɤκ಻ʡҡ·ëӣȻеΪʲô̫׷ʮ꣬ǲԸ
ǿأаĻ϶ͻأվǰȴ·ҺԶʱϵ죬ҡֻ뵽һo
ϵʺܺˣر뵽޹飬ϱʣ翣֮oңԶء
ָо϶û֡
˻ᶯ飬ҡŵ棬һֻͨĵ
ͿˣŮʧЦʹ˸ɫϢ뿪գۼֻʣҡˡ
ҡ죬Ȼ֪˵ʲô
ʲôһһ߽ž︡һ˿ЦЦܵϼƺƲ㻺һġɾ
ҡ⡣򴽣
еЦ⽥Ũ̧ķͳȾǳǳ¶ȣﻹ𣿡
ãˡҡ̧ͷֱǰˣһһ޲͸¶ǿ顢ɲЩѶϢʵںѴס
ϲδ¶ƽֱĴǻ΢΢Щ̧̣ͷߵ֬ɫʵ֮ʱҾ͸оˣܾڡ
ҡƫͷʣô
֪ɻ󣬲Ҫһʰɡƺҡ룬ЦɫϣһƻõĲʵС
ʲôˣҡⶢķطﳤӦú
봹ʹ䵭ɤ·һ˿޵᣺һرŮӣһֺ˵ʡ
ǰһĨǰӿóһ˵Ӱҡм߾ƣ졢˫մǳǳЦ̣һ˫ˮҶۿŶˣ·𴩹ʱǶӡ
ҡ⿴ɵˣ̲ס֡
ָᶯǸγɵЦָ֣ҡֻ֣ûӦɢӰ˲ʧ
ǵΪʲôֿҡָ˺󼸲ʯϣЩơ
Աߵʯϣһӣһײƾճʯϡ˹˱裬Ƶҡǰ
кܶԭ׷׻ǲŶԷ
ҡŲûкȣһһԪ̫ˡҿӣǲʳ̻oҲûġ
ƳҡɫĮӹһ˿Ц⣬ΪԭԸ⣬ܰٶȽΪ񡣡
裬Ե档
ҡԹյСţ¶˵Ĳˮһ·𱻽ȪˮУ˵⡣벻ͨĵطͬͨζ㣬һ·ͨ裬Ծǣԭһ˿϶ĵģһָ
ˣҪô²յҡ̧ͷ۾ִ֣·𲻸ݡ
ȻôΪʲôôȥ
Ȼ֮ɫһδܵϸоĵ
ѡ񡣡
ҡȻΪʲô
Ż漰ණ±Ǹǿ󡢵Į񣬡֪֮ʲô𣿡
ϵҡһƺҪ֪Щʲô
Ǻϵ֮أ
ҡҧ´ҡҡͷ
ǲ࣬Ŀߣ˵Զĩڣ׽絮˵һλ࣬ɵ֮ʣᡣڴϴ媵ʱµģͬϴ媣ͬһ㡣ǵһᣬΪһλŮӣʯ诡
ҡĿɿڴữΣһǰλ׽췭ظĵһλ׵һˡȻ˵ʯʯһɡ
ǵڶתġ
ᡭҡҳһţⶼʲô£ﾹȻᾫʲôܳɾģ
ѡʲôôӵѹ£㻹ǵһʼ⡣
ܹϴ媣׽ʱշΪڵĶҪȥ硣ü΢£дһĨ
ҡԭһġ
ʶأЩΪңŻģ
Խǧ磬˵ԪҲ첻⣬ƾԪΪܽ͵硣
ɵѾͷⲻĴЩεŮͷֻĿİ׷ˡ
ҡʹıۣҳ顣ԣС˵ûлǸӡˣһûа׷ѡ
켣ı䣬˿δ˻
лҪ˵  ֮ǰҾ˵е2333βǿ躢ӵ裬ȽΨһŮǺ͵ġ
ϻһ£ȽQAQ



126 
Щ۸ӵ˳λɵʱһ, λϢϢء
ʶమ, ΪĳЩԭ֡뿪ʱ, Ϊ޳Եｫ͵磬ҿ˸Ĵۡ
λһֱѰҵŮ, ԼеĲࡣҲֻλ׽ٻأδƲð/Ųʮ޲Tࡣ
, ̫޹أҡüĽ, ֱڲӿ˳
ϵѾǸɽֹĴУǺĴڡ
Ȼָһ, ԭڵصĸ¶ʹƺһ, Ǳڵϴ˸
̫˵£ᴦ
ϵĸ¶סɰĥ, ̧ͷ, ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ü΢һϵʱʧ, Ҳ֪ȥ˺δ
ҡ, Щԥʣ֮䷢ʲô, ΪʲôҸоǶϲ
һЩ£ԭֻһŮ, ˶٣üģ˵֮ǰСĴһ
ҡȻСģ֮䵽׷ʲô£Ż֮ǰҪһ
·ûı飬óһ壬ݵǰ壬ҽˡ
ҡӹ壬ʶĿڣ˵ԼסˣԭΪһλĵѿڽˣû뵽ûӦѾˡ
ţü棬ʮȻӦȻмЩЦ⣬Ůһˡ
ҡ˫΢΢̣ЩڵһԺ˵
壬㣬ǸŮĻ˵ûУûüֶŮ˵仰֪ĸط
ƳһѾ׼ߵʱŮɽĶߣȥ㲮ǡ
*
ɽһ£޼֮أ֧˴عϢʱѹ¡
ʮûг壬һλСʮǰ̫ͻĺ¼
޼֮غܾöûֹˣΪСٰ¡صĹҪλСܸʶ˶뿴ı顣
񡪡̫ˣ̫񣬿׷ʢʮܸ꣬һԪŮʹǸŮ뿪ˣûóѡ
˼ŮˣҲ֪Ƿɲĳԣ
ĵصɽɽ´˱չ޷Ӧˣ֧ļˣ˶뿴糤Сʲôӡ
ɽ´ڡ
˪СˣһꪣҲ̫ˡγĽ˸˲佫ǰǽϻһӡǡ
һǽϵĽʧǽ±ù⻬ƽֻʣһǳǳ׺ۡ
ָ˵˪һԽƳ
ȻǼƷɽ
͵ľŋ²õġŻ·ҡʯ˼Ȧ
ôÿô
һһף㣬߶Ƿ׷ɣֻͬڻѵĺ
Ľ㣬ҪЪЪҡòײס⼸ʵԲˣһʼЩ⡣
ȴ֪ǰȷЩ΢ĵ⣬ų˼תΪֲ֮飬ʮֵ飬ؽССùڹ㵹ˡ
˭͵Ķ񷣣Ҳ̫˰ɡ½Ա߽Ʋ졣
ڳСϽס֣СյߵС壬ңͷе
˵ߵҡǰ˼˵Сùã㵽𣬲ԣپһͺö㣡
ҡ΢ЦСһֶӶ𾳣һʼѹѾľˡ
˲࣬ϳߵֻʮ߸Ⱳǵ»һֻһʮ߸֮Ϊ͵Ҳڣ׵ԪΪһȺʵ̫ˡ
û£񷣺ܺãҺϲҡֶӵļ򣬺Ȼһ£תͷ˵ϴθҵöѾˡ
ԭ޼֮òֵĶǿⶫ˹ȼʵͷӡ
׽õģȵʣ޼֮׽粻ͬ޼֮سԪǿֿܵסף׽ֻп֪ܲܳܵס
ԭͶ׸ֻŻ˵ģû뵽Ȼˡ
ҡ⽫ȼ֮ľͼ˵ˣߵһССȼҾ˲ⱣСùģҺСΪ㱨ģ
ҺʱӦˣһţ°˼˵׻ôãôû뵽أ
ԱߵȵĿҡ⣬Ԫ񾳣ȻƳɹˣ⻹ӡԪô
лҪ˵  ĿϵorzѾ



127 
ҡȥʱѾ˲, ȫһ, ˵Ŀⶼϡ
ļ, ҡͷӯƮϸ̨Ƕվһλ, ˾ͬʱҲ档
ĸһڲͷĴ󽭣ĸо, ޱ޼ʵĴ, η
һ˵֮Ϊ˸õСҪִ䲻ƽľ, Խ, лĮȻ̫һежûˣ仯Ķȷ֮١
Ʃ, ǰλ˾, ܼҲΣĮϢЩ㷲ĶĲ
㵱ڶ麣ڭûиָо, Ȼⲻ˵ڭû, ෴, ڭΪ̫ʱʹڵ̫ħ϶ҪˡֻǿǶ˵ľ粻ͬڭѾ˷豹ľ磬ͨ, 滹δ硣
ȻȲڭò˵ӱȽˡСΪ˾µĳԸոŻǹ֪ҲӰ쵽ҡ⣬ҿλ档
Ż۵ļ˾ޱվڸ̨֮ϣһУҡֻüһʹһѪüƮǵѪλɽΪһ塣
ɽƵһÿڳ֮ʶһξѪɽⲻǶ棬Ҫǣݵ
ѪɽʹݣӴԺһԱ
ã塣˾ڣɽΧ쳹þò
֣̫ȡ£ֻƽʱǰ֡
Ļҡڻһ˿ϡͿ˼壬һȺǿ׵ˡ޼֮֮ǰûô˳ڣ˳ûüѾվڹˡ
ս޼֮زã֪֧̫źᷱüֻоѪͼڲѪˡԶſʼ֧𽥱ѹƣҪܺȴǰΪѣÿһλѪͼڵ˶
壬СҲа꣬޼֮һγǧǰҰ֧ڼһ꣬һ仹Ҫȹٲꡣ
޼֮صƣҲǵ°֧ϡһԭ򡣲֪ǲҡⲻ޼֮سԵʣ䲻꣬Ѿˡ
ι֮ˣҲǺҡⲻͬѰľйأǵһƽ̫ħᡣ
˾˵֮ʲôҲûҡ۾һѾ뿪̨ص棬ɹҪں¶ļ˾֪ȥĶ
޼֮صƣչظǶ꣬λδıĲչر꣬ҲûԭҲв򣬲Ϊ˾ֳϱ٣Ŵл
˵λֹ䣬׼жΣ˾֮λ
˾ְλ˹ҪΪ󱲿Ѫͼڡ̫䣬²Ըʺ̫Լܲס󲮸Ѿȷ˵Լ˾ȤԼ˾ĵӾϡ
Щ˵ģ⼸ûţණֻ̫֮ĶԹ֪˲Զܡ
޼֮ȻӴԶǰҲǻĹţǲĻУ֪ԶܻҪ׽󲿷˶ࡣ
еȵϢǹġԭ޼֮о֧̫ħᣬֻڻĹʱһ֧磬ߵһ֧ǻĹʱڳư׽塣
ֲڻĹһ֦㣬׽綼д˵̳̫ħѪû뵽ǾȻǴ޼֮سȥģһѪħᡣ
ֻǴħѪ뿪޼֮ص³ôãֻά˻ĹŵĻԻ֮ͣսѸ˥ˡ֧뿪޼֮غԶ׽Ķǿ壬ǲ塣
һɺϣξ˵ȥ޼֮صħͨѪĽѵһ£ڶǣ޼֮ػãȥ׽磬ͻᱻԡ
*
ҡμ˾Լ˴кΪʲôẮѣ䳡
Ȼû˵ȴһֱθ˭Ҳ֪̬ȡΪŮ
ΧָоһֻȺоʱᱻСĲҺ˹˼ҡֻԪѹȻܻᱻ˷ѹֱ
ڰ˵ʱڳҲΪĴޣϾȻѾ꣬޼֮꣬ڵͻǸҪ˱ڻӤ
Ĵ£أҡ⻹ֹ̫ûг֣һȻԶ
ҡ͵̧ͷԴһŮڣգ۱䵽ǰԶ
лҪ˵  ոһǧֵҵʵ벻orz첹ٵһǧ֣ôô



128 
ôʶô꣬Ҫĳ, ôأ˼ڵ, ȥȻЩ糾, ȴ˿Ĺâ
һ˭ҲͶؾİѹסɫ, ͸һɼµİȻİԵ쳣г·˸߰
ȷнıǮ, ʮʱΪ, ޼֮ضǼټģɹ, ̫껵涼ˡ
ҡ̫˵ģ, ҡǰ񶼲мڸ˵Ůˣһֱ̫ˡ
ɫĿ̫һۣ, Ҳ붯, Լ߻ߡ
ҡۼ̫˵˲ʧȥѪɫĬĬΪƣ˺ݻ, ˵ľˡ
̫֮İ, ̫ʹưǬɷ, һͳɹˣؼʱϵûóѡһֱӰʼٸߣҲ̫ץסӽǬɷ, ̫껲㾪棬Ҳǵ̫Ͻӵԭ
Ǭɷʲôطסһλ̫ħѾ־壬޲𹥻ȥˣʱҪλ̫ħֲѹס
Ҳ̫ãλպ˯Ŷһ١
Ҵ̫껶Ӷˣ̫˶ãýĿתԱߵˡ
̫ǴųȻӭ·𴺷ľԾƽͣ˵ҡμ˾̫˵ĻǶ˵ġ
һųŪȻ˽ӭ㣬ǹġ
˵İӲȺ˹
̫Цһβ˵ƣ񾳵ѹ·ЦСкʲô
ҡѹ֮Ѿ͹廤ס
һϰСȷҵĴСķųŻСһ̫˷·²ע⵽ҡ⣬̬
ƫͷű˵סҡ⣬һֻ־ϡ
ҵǻţһҲ£ҡ˼Ŀ϶һֻסĸ첲һֻקĸ첲ЦĿλǰ񾳴ˣҲԪ߹ġ
ͷ״ֹʮ̫ţȻ˼ҫΪ
̫ɫ΢䣬ЦһԪСѾͷ͸Ҷ񲻾ȻѪҲı䲻˴ĵͼѪ
ˣҾĻˡͫ׷·ףΧԪϵϢ
㲻ϲ㣡̫ƺĻ׼ŭѹĻ˲ȫҵʲôطãΪʲôͿңʶʮ꾹ȻȲʱ䡭
ϲ˱޻˵ȻϲһԪС籰ĵһƽ۶ῴϣԴǸŮĵ㣬ĵ䲻㣡
ˣ춼ǲʡ
ۿ죬кһ˿ˮ⣬˫ΪȾϺΣһ߰Ը˵ͷ­ڽҿ˰̣¶Ǳʹһ棬ڳ˶ЩУ̫˵ĳЩȷʵЩǸʮֵŮ˹ƾݺΪ䲻
ȻֻޱĿ˵˵ˣҲ㶯֣
Ҳ붯ҿԷ㣬̧°ͣЦǸŮȴֻܱ㻤֮£ܺ㲢磬οûıӣˡ
䲻ϲ˵㣬㲻ҵ˸ҵʲôʸǵĸͷ㣿ҡһĿڡ
˵䲻ҵˡֱԣҸоδ̫ãΪڳ֮⣬кܶҲҵ䣬ʲôƣƾʲô˵ֻҵͲ䣿
һֱ˵Ϊͣô׳ʮ꣬Ҫʮʱ䣬˵ϵˣĻ˵ҵ䲻
ҡž˵һѣֱ˵ΧĬ̫˸ŭЦ
ϵСѾͷ֪ɣһֿºӵĿбҡ⣬˵˵ʮ굽ϵʮ굽񾳣ƾԼ
ȥˣȻôڮû㣬ңһ֪ԶǲǾԼʮ޳Ҿʮʵ̫ˡҡмĿ⣬мҡҡͷ
Ŷ˼㲻ʮ񾳣
̫˵Ŀƺڴ̼ҡӦ𣬶ҡҲȷʵʳָǰ˻ΣüЦſڡ
ʮ꣬Ҳʮֻ꣬Ҫ꣬Ҿܵ񾳣𣿡
ʱɽֻܾ΢ҶɳɳžŋµŮü۾ŵЦ⣬ɫĹâΪԭþĶǵһƻõĹ⻪Ưòʵ
ܶܶвμⳡ˻ʱһĻ׵СѾͷŵķų׳˵Ҫﵽ񾳡
ʱû
ţٶȺ־һ츳겢ǲܡ̫˷·Ц̿ЦᶼҪЦ
굽񾳣Σҡ·ûĳе˵
ЦĿȻ˵ұ鱮ǰ׿ڳҲ
˵ġҡɫδ䣬ȥʲô
ûҪ¡̫˵Ļû˵걻˴ϡ
һԪСֶģ̫ȷʵ׻ôꡣ
ҡס˵壬ҡҡͷתͷ̫˵ûҾ͹ǰﲻ㡣
⼸̫鷳뷨̫ˣŮΪ̫ͬ츳ߵˣҪԸǺ̫ԣʹζԼ֡һһԪأǸʵ⡣
֣ƴɱǵճǸΪʱܽٵ׼Ϊ˸ԼУǴΣյľأ̫껳׶
Ҷ̫ˣ**˺ԶԶȲϾϵ裬ȻԼͲҪˡ
޳񲢷£ʵѾúˡԭһǧ׵𾳣ԼǧڽΪǧ񾳣ԼҪ
ʱ䲻ˣΪ̫ͣδԶڱλáԼԸ񣬲ԼƵ·Զ



129 
һúõĹһľճ
һ, 뿪ļ˾, ڳȫһ
, ꡭŻعҡļ, С壬翴㡣
ã֪˭ôҡͷ̾˿, ҡ⡣
û, ѾȲչ˵˴𰸣壡丸Ů, ȻС־΢һЩ
岻ٶ, ޼֮ģ֪嵽˶𣿡濴һû˵ĳʵ
ҡɻҡҡͷ, Ȼǵɵ˵ꣿꣿ, ꣿ
ͷԣǰ, ޼֮¼Ϊֹδơ
׽أҡգգ, ٶļ¼, ˵
ͣԪѷĵطܳʲôѾˡض, Ц
޼֮ص˶һȻԽУϾǵ涼׽ֺĵһ飬Ѫǿ̶ȷһɱȡ
Сùã֮Ĳǵ̫ˣҪ׵񾳣ԶԶŬģҪҪü֧֧˰죬ûøαǹʵĸо
һԵİָͷһǣ̿Ҫ˰죬Ҫʲô
Դﵽ̽ͷ԰˵棬ҪŪףͲֹˡ
ӰεҡҡͷԼλС˵ǻۣУոţǰЩȫСӹҼҡⲢǴǲҪ෴˻Խ档
Ĺ̽СϡÿϡĹ̺ͷʽͬ޷˵ľ飬ȫƾԼΣ߲˽ݾֻܿʱۣԴḶ́۶ô޾ŵֻһ·ߣǾʱ䡣
ƵĲ죺Ҳ̫ģʵ׽ֻꡣ
壬㲻ڿЦɣһôأŵĵɴۣһԼ
ЦƳһֱû˵ˣ˵£Լ
ҡ˲ԼͬĿϡ
̧ۣڣǰһλŮӴŵ棬ֻǧ꣬ʯ诡
˵ŮһۣдǳǳЦ⣬ƺڰʾЩʲô
ʯ诣ƺЩ죬ʲôˣôʹﵽ񾳣ͷ˼ڤ룬ԵƺЩʲôؽĿ⿴ҡ⡣
ղ˵о仰ԣ·нݾߵģݾκ˶ߵģֻܿƫЦĿżС
Щй˵⻰Ҳԣ飬ô˽ƫ̻ʱ򡣡
˵ɵ㻹ţ飬ȴ˸ߵ֣֮պϵʥ˻ֱ࣬һ졣Żڿ
ڵĵҿ
ҡһԿףӦòʯ诵ĸף֪Ǵ֪ĵϸԲĻ
ֻЩףûϴ媹ΪʲôǺĵӡ
ֲøո̫˴ģֻԵһ¡
ˣ˵ǸݾǾͲˣרĿԼͻƵ񾳰ɣ׵񾳣ʱҿǵš
ǣ⻰ǵ˰ԹѣҪСͻƵ񾳣Щʮȴͣ𾳣ûˡ
ѽλʯ诵ŮĻԵͻƵڣҲþ񡣡һع
ĸϸһЩ˼ƬĿ΢ʯ诣ʯѵǸȣѵйأ
ǲ֪СĻԵΨһľץʱȻ󡭡ζĿżˡ
뵽ĳɫʮ־ʡĬĬŲ˵ʱʵ棬ǰ񾳵ĶǶڣΪν˵ôࣿ
ҲĵżλĽͣ漰񾳵⣬ǶԸ̸ġͷһ⡣
֮·ߵ棬ÿ˵һֻܿԼǺ˵ЩסǵĽŲ״ӽ͵
ǽΪκȻ˵Щҧҧ´ҡ⣬ЩŤ˵
üûָĶͷ˵˱˻ԣбף˿Լ򣬴ǰ˵ֻΪʱ򡣡
̫ȥѻȻ˵
ҡⲻ֪ѻʲôطѻסˣ̲סʣ壬ģ
壬򲻴ôȥѻðɡ˸ոյıŤЩ̵˵
ѻʲôطҡǱʹƺ£ЩʣΪʲôᵽѻǶһ޿ɫ
̾˿ЩĿҡ⣬޼֮ÿ˶Ҫȥĵطܴѻꡣ
Ŷͷһģüʣܿ£
ǿ£Ǽ尾һţҡգС壬ǶǿһŽȥģĥⲻȥ
ǼŻ㣬ѻݸΪùؿġЦе˵ȫһֲ´̬ȡ
ֻҡķȻﺱ밮ȻĿ꣬׵ҲӲܣֻҪܿ׼
ҡ򴽣˵ģĲΪͼһʱ֮£ܶѣŮ
ãȥµ֮˵ף¶һ˿Ц
ԱߵһĻЩĽƫͷС˵һǵһμôɫ
Ʋ죬ѵ㲻á
Ŀ֣ҵ˭ɫ岻һѵ֪Ķ󣡡
ȶҪŮóһöʯǰ˻Ρ
ңҺû꣡ŭĶ
ҡ⿴Ϊһʯȥ̾˿ʮ꣬Ϊʲôȴôɡ
ȥңǼΪһŮһֱˣĿ΢ÿ˼ͬЩ˵ĳЩעҪึࡣ
·һ
ҡȥңֱӽʣ¼СסЦе˵ȻСȥѻЩҲȥȡ
˵֮󣬱סļһԣӡһ˸ָ⿪տھ
壬Ҳ̫˰ɡ
壬顣
棬ҲǸ磬ֶӰ

˼ЦһƵ˵СΪǻ𾳻ơ
Щεҡҡͷƽ̫иˣȥǿҪúñ֣Ҫñȥ
лҪ˵  ҡ̬е㸴ӣȻ˸ôСãһа֮飬һеζ
psܾûˣкܶСʹں(R?Q)ῼ֣ŮҪһʱˡ



130 
Կ
޽ҡ⣬ѻڳԼʲôҲܴ, ҡ񵹲ûкö, ͼ͵ķͶƷ, ֻǼײԭȵķ֡
ﵽ̽һ, ֿһȦֻʹָǰ췭ظı仯, ﲻɶ
ղҲʲô, ֻǽ¯һţһʶĻ, ӽ˼ȫû, óԺ޾ֱӴƷķˡ
¯ʱҡԼм¡²޵, Ǵʱɽ, Щ׽ȫɽסˡ
ϸޣ֮ǰַУһǹ, ڵ޻ͬĻ, ޺, ˡֻǱ仨ķâˣȴǰҲϲϵġ
뱦Ĳ𣬾֮ǰĲ, ʲĲƳɱĶԴһ𣬵ȴǿܴﵽġޱΪĳɳԷҲ޷Ϊ
ȻƷޣƶҲҪߣﵽ𼸺ǲܵ¡
ԼϵӽܣֻδӴóȻַѰҲض໨˼²żŮû˵ֵ
ҡع񣬿ĵĵͷš
ȡõķһһʱֶ˶١
ҡ⿴Ķպһպ죬ôСİóˡ˵ɴãȻΪϵĺۼûˣ֮󿴼ܾЩ΢Ͱɽﲻˡ
û뵽Դһ飬Ȼ˳ֽóˣϣûЩʲô
ӦãʲôɡҡĿһۣȻ뽫ûͲˣոҡ
ôĻĶҲû黹
ҡﰧһϹߵʣΪκȻڻС˼Щ
Ǿǿ㡣Ŀһ䣬Χ¶Ȼ½ƺֻҪ˵һ֣׼˴ûɢ
ǲǣҡһĿҲԽԽСԸûǿȡ
붼ܿԪʧôܿʣֻǿҲᣬѻ͵ô//֤ݣ벻ʶѡ
һǸ壿
ҡæҡͷǣʥӲϤܽҪ
ָֻⷽţֻǾԼ˵С˲࣬ˡ
飬Ȼ븸׵ĽɫԶ벻ͨĵطͷۣ뵽Ů֪¡ͷ졣
׵ȻŮﶼãȲŮĴǾĻСղµŮ
ҡɵͷû˿ֻǿͲҪûˣ棬Ų֪Ļ潫Ӹ֮һ棬Ϊҽ
*
귨ֽѻһЩҡ˵֮΢
ңҡֻǼ̾ĺ棬̾ˡ
ôˣɻʣҪѻΪʲôǶһ޿ģ
üߵǰ߿࣬Сùã桭
û˵꣬Ȼһ˶ٲż˵
СùҪȥһҺǾԼҲи潫ȥŤһҲ֪ڿ޻Ц
ҡ⿴۳ֵ壬ƳƳǼȻǿѹȥǸʲôȡ
νֲ֣ȥһȥȣŲݸһЦϵĿ˵ǱΪҸߣһûġ
ԣȻһʹŤͷ԰˵壬һϯҪչһʱգ²ȥˡ
Աߵ˵ﰵգֺԼûһڡ
չôôɣЩΪѵüκ̾˿ˣͲȥˡ
һϧĵͷֻǷüëĺ顣ȻûƬ̣ӵһ仰˲佩Ӳ
»һȥ
ȣֶñչʲôʱ򶼿ԣȥȵĻ᲻ɶãοֳǼȥֶҲġһ˵
ֻ˵ŲģչҪ㻹ȥչذɡ
ѾͷҪûңǽȿ϶ȫûšüƲ
ۿҪˣ
ףԵøһ
ɨۼˣЦЦĿڣȥǰɣ
˱Ŀⶢţ˵
С嶼ȥһһȺȶȥҲܽˡĿڵ
ƲºͣҲ㼲ɫȴ˻һ¶ӵɫ
׵񾳣ԶӼ˵
޼֮£ǳָɣ򲻿뿪˵ءǻ磬ܳȥͲȥȻͬĸ
̫ħֱϵᣬиһȵİӲԼ񾳣ֻ޼֮һķɢ֪ĥǹʤ
ܣǵĶȥ
ķʡ֮ʣȻһĮ
Ṵд⡣
΢΢ףҡ뿪ɽȥѻʣһȺСˡ
ݣݣǵķȻȥ
*
ȴ˵ҡֻоǰһѾ˵ص㡣
ǰһɫľŲ濴еƣֻһ֮ϢмĿѣԡ
ִ̧һâ׵һСŻ
ֻǩ˹īoţҲһȥɡתͷҡ⣬Ȼ˵
ҡƬ̲죬ֱ̹ȻǷ౵һα˽ݣĻûʲôˡ
ǹָĪ⡢֪ܵĸо
޼֮ذͽǷųˡ˵еĵطڼֱַˣ̫ɽܣǺʹǩԼ㶼ҪҲǡ
ȥһûǣȻĻҡ⻹ЩûӦ
ǹ̫ܲϺȡü΢ָצһץգۼһֻë׵ëͻأĳС
鷢£󿴼ҡ⣬ųͷתķɵģֻŵָౡ˼
ҡܾķౣ򴽿ҽȥˡ
ȥɡͷḧ˸Ůķüʼղɿ
ҡⰵһת߽ţӰʧںŻˡ
עŽյĴţվ˰β׼뿪
ʮ겻ŲʣøףǶ͸㡣һϤȻ
Ųʣɱ֡ûоȣ·֪֣һӣһֻϢٵĽڱڵϡ
Ŀ۵ϱԭεĸ¶¶ƱŭɫЩһֱ룬ʮǰΪͻȻ뿪ûȥޣ᲻ͲᷢЩ¡
лҪ˵  Ǹ߿쿼ԵĸͰ



131 
ûлشĻֻǵƳ۵ϵĽ, ״ƾĿڣ̫껵, һλ, Ϊ֮
ƾʲôΪʲô̫˺ۿ, δε£߬ȭͷָǶġ
û˿ݣü¶Щ, ʧ, ֻ̫һվԭء
̫֮øϵ, еʹߺ޵Ȼ޴, ֻʣһƬš
һĨЦͻأڣҴӦˡ
һǰԼһ, һ˿ϸ΢Ĳ, ƺǷڻӦ
ȴ˵뿪ûлصɽħķߡ
Ϊ޼֮صС͵͵ȥħ, ȥȴЩѶȡ˵, ħһ֮¡
ͨħȥ, ȴǶһ벻ˡ
ĸ磬ҾͲµҪȥͺǶİıضüһЦ
ԭСȥȵ˳, ȻЩȣϲδ¶죬żɽʣңк£
ħֻޣոʳȴּſվǵĴڣֻίίһԡ
Ȼûнֻ޷ЦƯĽü΢΢ѹһ˫ƵķĿȻ֪׷ʲô£ϣĸ翼
ʲôüǲ䵭
΢ƺδǣֻֻ̾˿ζ˵ŪˣСǸúӡ
¶һԵЦ˵ͷӰʧħ
ԣǽǣҹӿħָĻЦͷ޹˹ָ
ͷ޼һɪɪһŲǰ
뿪޼֮صֳһƻᳵ·޵һۡԭҾ޵Ĵ˸˸֪һɼʮδֹϢɫ䣬Żŵĸϵ
Ȼӣ˲þȣϹϾĹֵԨˡ
Ҫȥһ¡ޱĴһλˡ
ĻＤκˣû뵽ȼߵˣʧٵӾϹϵѲʧپȥ޼֮أͶλԳӾʲôݡ
ˣ
˷㶣ü΢ɨ˹ȥ˺ôǴߣȴŵô˸ս
˲ϲڵ亹æͷˣһ°ƯƯ
ĿĴɣһۣ׸һƿӰ˲ɢ
˼뿪ص˿ƿһҩʱڡĿ¶ϲ֮ɫæƿҡҡͷװģ̾޹ȼң׶༪ٿ
*
ǧɽ
ԭ鷿ڵ˺Ȼʧûоǧɽκһˡ
Ȼİطδ¶ݣ侲Ĺ۲ܣ׵֪λǰ룬һ
Աһ峺ϪʵĶʯϪأˮȾϸɫߡˮֻз紵Ҷɳɳ
ҲûţĵվԭصȺֱͦԤ׵ıܳأɴŵȻֵǳЦ
֪˶ãǰأĳһλӣƻ̶ƽ֮ʥɲ⡣߻ƣͫ΢΢ŴƺʲôЩȷ
ǰҡɻã΢Ŀ̹Ȼ
ɢ˿ϢĿһۣ¿Բ׷Ժ㲻
ɫ΢䣬üš֪ǰǣ
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˵ȻЩʲôָһ㣬ӹһ˿ȣû˵ֵΪһ㸸ĸ
ԭ̩Ȼɫѣ¶һ˿ǰ˼Σգ
ֻ֪ȥ޼֮أǰ֮˿͸¶ѶϢȻҲȥˣĳ
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˸һֱߣĬκŵӦȥ
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κüҿԸһᣬϣ㲻
Щ｣ߺȻʶĻ΢㶣ꣿȻеȣǲɫ״ˡ
ǰѽߣʧ
뿪֮ǿǿʱ³һѪؿƺһ˼񾳵ѹȻûȫţѾ㹻Լˡ
޼֮ôüĺӹ˿Ŀڵλ÷·ϸһȦȦսѵۡ
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ˡһıŮ𣬺˵һ㣬ĺһ˿жûС
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ն̤ǸҲ޷㿪֮һ֣̾Ϣֽ̧һŻ֮Ǳߣȥɡ
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һֻݵĴس֣Ż֮
֮䣬ŮͬʱֻƳ֡ϢֻƱնֻʰӡ
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132 
Щ£ҡһҲ֪, ʱϢڹľԺ, һֻڵβޡ
ֻβ, ҡԽԽԽԽ, ŵϵǹζ
ʱԶһɳɳ춯βһķȥ, ҡûɿβ޵ĵ̡
Ҫ˵ôҲԪ, ôླ޶Ҫ㣿
һжΪѻһǽ֮豻סԪΪͨһʱܿڶ, ÿ춼ҪӦԸֲͬ
˵˾顣
սһþͱһȺΧ, ֻǿͻΧֻû뵽մӽǵĵ뿪β޵ĵ̡
ֻβڣܵС˵Ĵܹնɱһ, βȺ, ֻ»ûֻ䵥βޣһȺβޡ
ֻ˵β޶ླǾͺˡʱ˵ͳΪʷһ, Ȼ, Ǳѻͳȥġ
һֻë׵ĻҰëųɵҡ, ۻƵĶЦеĿ佱౺ģ
ով÷βޡ
һ˵ʵһĿռ, ģ䡢ԲȱһûԪеѷ޻ϡ
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һ·ɱɱͨӰܡħԳ˫ͷĵ֮ҵһʵĵط
ºͣ飬֮ӦԼĵ¡
Щݻðű׷ɱΣֲɵģѻеһжҪҲֻԼѰˡ
ЩѵĶ˶磬·צۣħԳµġ
һΪķҲһˡϵ·ķ£ѻѹ£Ĺûˣֻʣ·Ĺܡ塣
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࡭
˰죬һ־Υļҡû˵ֻŽлĶӣЩпΪѾҪ˯ϢʳҲˣһγԶƺڰǰ
Ԫ⣬ܵٵÿֻܿʳʧ
߲ƳǼֻӣҡ۾ƿвУϻҪء
ΪߵԲԼһĿǰʵǱƵġȻΪߣߵȴħԳȻҲᱻħԳˡ
˵ͷħԳǵǸһСϪ
ౣߡΪʳħԳʲô
ûǱħԳĵ̣ͷħԳ˻ѾҡУü΢ħԳǺֻ޴ˣ
óûȥ̼㡣
ҡıܿ˫ͷĵ̣ħԳڵɽȣħԳסʱȥϪߣ񲻾ƳħԳȴһ벻ˡ
û뵽·ǾȻֲĹȴûӰԭȻҲѻ
ûԱȹ۲һ۲һǿЩΪ·ǲСħԳħԳϣ࿴۾ܷ֣·ǹħԳһġ
뵽ѻʱ˷ҡ򣬿ħԳһʲôƳ˼۲һһһԳ·ռϷûǰˡ
ǲҪΪãѻΪϸ񣬻ӳ뿪һʱ䡣
׼ץʱһ־ȻʶСüܣһô֦Ϸһسβֲով˫ͷĵʱЩû뵽ǻ⣬ܾ֮һ򾡡
һĿǰĵһ񣬻ץ˫ͷ
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߽ˣҡ̧ۿ˿·ǱߣͷħԳҲſˣĿתϡ
ﴽ˵ȴ·ɫ䣬Сģ
һȭȻ֣ҡֻƾ屾ʶһ㣬ǹȭ绹ǽ߼飬պ˵硣
ҡƺһ˵ڵأͷһ³һѪ
ܣҪջħԳߵĻͷܲĺؼ飬̻ȸ֮
лҪ˵  еorz첹⼸Ůжȷд£Ҫչ



133 
ҡʹ˪ӭͻȻֵĳ, ͷɫľӲһ
, Ƥ, 磬Ҫ˵ס˪, һҲñ룬ϧһڣƷɽҲǱͨһЩ, ܽסһʱá
ۼ޷潻, ҡηſĹǱѾסħԳ·Ƿɿ, ܲ
Ȼûн, ͨӴܿĬ·ҡԸ
ͷ, Ȼս, ƾǿ׳սһʱռϷ硣ҡƳ۵ϣ΢ɫƵܵı, ֮ǰǰذĺ󾱲塣
˵ʱʱ, ס˫ͷ֪ʱ, ҡȥҡ·𱳺۾Աһ˫ͷһֻԴֱҧסܵĺ, һֻԴץסܲϲ
ǳܵ㣬˫Ŀͨ죬ŭһ;޴ȻǴһԵ·룬ֱҡӡ
Ȼһβͻأ֣סҡĽϡ
ȴ˵ͷһקҧס˫ͷһϵ˪ֱܵȥ
Сģ·ҡ⣬ֻ˵ǰ˪ۡһֱӶҼ硣
·ǣҡⲪȻɫ䣬סĵ·ǡ
ɫ亹򣬳ҡ˵ν죡
ҡҧҧס̴˪һѪνĶҼɽͬʱ˫ͷ˲סֻսֻֻ档
ԽԽҡǰڣҪܺ˵紫ʹ̼񾭡
ϴ޵ĶڼƺгܵıҡԴԽԽѾ
һһĺڰʴʶϵĴʹľˡһڴߴʹ˳˯һڲϽѹ
Уܾô
ҡ˵ĻһڤѪͼڡͼʶԽԽͼС˵ķ˿ܿ塣

ͼСˣ֪硣
ʱ˫ͷסεأһ˲Լˡ֪޾Ŀʱ·տķˮ𽥱ụ̀·ĳֳ˯ڻѡ
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ҡ룬ӽܡȼ˾ѪĳܴʱѾߣæƵסһͷɿ˴˵ء
ϲ·Ǵʱ˼˿ڣһ߾ͳŲסϥڵϣǲϲҡ⡣
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ҡѵĽĻֵ˵Ϊ˾Ҳˣʱʲôл֡ǻ뿪˵ذɡ
·˻Դ׿ͻָҡǰ⼸ŵĵط
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лҪ˵  ҵĵأ
Ǹе˵õĲҲˣ֤4000֣



134 
ҹɫȼĲǰ, Ӱӡʯ趯, ɽⲻʱ߶֪ɽʲô, Щҹж޾ûһֻɽ򴳡
ʳù֮ҡϵƹȻࡣ˼·ǵ, ԸҹúϢһֱѲϣΪֱһŵ
˵·Ƿų, ȪǸŵ, ԼҲô˳޼֮ءոΪ˸Լ, ɫ׵, һԪ˵ģ
׷ǹʳô飬ҡѹеͷ۸λ顣
ⶫѻ, ֱӰŵ
Ƴ۶Ŀ, ҡóŵ顣֪ģ²ô˵˼Ҹվ, һҪƲϵ, ǲǻǵˡ
ͷ۵, ҡپһɣڻķౣ˼ƮԶ
ǵü֮ǰ, Ҳһɽֻҹ䣬޳롣ʱΪƭƣͺ껹һϷ
뵽óһöָٺöɫָϵĺԣҡεĻ··ڻ
޼֮غ׽ȫ޷ϵ˵һҲΪһöССͬĽȻӦһöͬĽĶ
ֿ֮Ϊ˲й¶ټͰöͬĽӽСˣ⻹Щһνó
Ҳֻ֪ôˣ
ҡĦŽֱָָһ΢ĴʹعƲƲ죬ö˶˵ôˣ
ֻýָٵǰȥоĶ֪ʲô֡
ο̵ĺƺмǿŰɫʯָƽ࣬ûֵܴ͹ҡüмİɫʯȻϸ΢ǣȥҲû֮ǰִʹС
ƵĶŰɫʯ͸ľʯŻˮɫĻ·ĿĹ⡣
㱼䣬ҡƤԽԽʶģ
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ɫ㳨ɵһ޼ʵѩ֣ѩɫ䣬һػ㣬·һѩ
ҡ⿴۵ѩΪصĸĞѩԺ
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üٲֵȥ
֪˶ãԼԼֳһ˵һѩµʯԣӰЩϤ
ҡۣЩԥĿڡ
ǸӰĻŲæƫͷ沿ԽԽ
Զľ룬ϣβϹĺǳǳЦ⣬·ǹĶ麣
ʲôҡЩε߽Ǽǰ⵱ΣѾǰʲôĲ˼ˡ
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ѾǿһܻεĵزǿŰɫʯ⣿
ģüĪʥӽһ𣿡
֪תƻ⣬ҡ⻹ûסصҽ޼֮ء
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ĻȻ˱仯ҡǰ˵ʹˣʮǰһŮ޼֮ء
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˵ΪޣΪ⡣
ĿҲ·ڿһ̿ɿڵļȡ
ҡֱЦˣԼͷһۣԣΣ
һԸ
䣬ΧȻһ磬ƮƮֽ˰㱻ͷת򡣵عһŷŴҪϡ
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лҪ˵  ϻһ
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ļ죬ҡֻҪ·Ƕ˵仰, ͸оһ˫۾ƺЦЦĿ, ʮֲ, ·Ƕ쳣
ҿΪѻǶ˵ͬһ˶Ը޵ʱ伸ռ˴, ʹ·ɻҲûʲôʱʣҲֵװɵ
ż·Ҫܾˡһλ, ÿΣնҪ˰æ, ͺʹǰûʲô˵Ĳ·ûоϵͳĽ̵, ѧĶӶ, ȣ벹ȾͱĳԿࡣ
ѻΪĥ£Ϊ˹۹ͨء
·ǴԼҲ뷨, ȥ, 飬ܶʱֻ档
ʱƣԽԽѶԸҡƣڿÿ춼ȥ, ˺ۻصɽϢ, ΪĹҲࡣ
ϢѪ֮ƿҲ, ѪͼϣԽԽãʱڲСʱԽ, ϵ˿ԽԽ٣ԸЩޣҲһʼǿ࣬屾ܵսʶһǿ
֪ǲΪĿԣǵ߱ԽԽʱýָѾɢˡ
·ǱȽѻڶʱȻҲ֮ǰ뿪ǰһϣɱ˼ֻ˶ٷףͨһ㡣
ʱնлʥӵչˡûоƣҲʺƣҡһˮˡ
·Ǿٱɫڻ峺ɾ۾䣬ҪЦѰ˻Ҫ׼ֵĴɰϣЦѣ¼رŮӣţʱձػᾪˡ
ҡ̲סЦһûǫϣҲûԴܣ̹ȻĿ⣬𴽽ǣˮ
ʥһ·࣬ҡΪ˼ȥʥӳŵΪҰ£ʵ֮ŵΣ궫ʼ˵£ҡΪ˱ʾ֣أ⻻秵Ĺٷ
ۼɫб仯ҡ֮ǰ˵ʥҲԵдһ䣬ʥǲӦҲˣȻѣŵЩˡ
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ҡĿ뿪һоʧ

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ܣ϶ˡҪƲɣҡкȥܵء
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ౣҡ⽫ɽ䡱һ²֧ҡε壬ϵķౡ
³Դ˪һҡȽǰһҷƵ󣬽Ųͷָ˵˵ˣûˣȻҪȥ
̲ס˵ԴüƷɽģ
ҲôԴüƷɽзֻҡһĽ͵ûԪõ˳ֵڰ裬۷̶ȣȻǼƷɽʤһ
üƷɽȻΪ񵶣鷢һ
ҡû飬ץʱ˲ǹؼ緹ˡ
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֮ҡ̤˵ڶĽݡ
һڶ㣬ԪʶķӡЩɶţ걻ֱӾг**һޱ߼ʵɫռ䡣
ҡ״̬վƬռ䣬·ǳͷһڲϱõķӴ
һĥ**սôڶǶʶ󷨵Ŀ顣
ֻƭƭ󷨳ѧߵҡ⣬ͷƳһ۾ͷǵĴ̾˿
л᲻úѧںҲˡ
֪ˣһϷЦ
ҡԾתô



136 
ҡšüˣĿ͸ź֮ɫ, ôѾ, Ѿɢô
˲δش, ǿŽ²ϱõĴЦһĺۼ, ˵ֻ󷨵һ߽ǣ²׽⿪ġ
֪˵ûҡȴûзȷ, ʵе, һɴתۿ´, ֻһ׶
˼۴, ǹѣθԼϮҡû취ֻܱĿȥ, ĶųвŽȥ
ֻ񿴼۾ʹ, 
ҡɴ˼ǶԲߣѻ޼֮ص˵һݳԿ, ͨҲʹѾꡣҲ˵ȻΪѽ, ȴһͨĿԶû, οǵڶ㣬ѶŲڶ
Ҳ˵ѻĿǸÿ˵Ǳõ, ǵڶ㣬϶ͨġ
һۿϱõĴȡѵֻһС֣ҲϸӣǴɨһۣסžת߲ٿ
ȻһԴ仹ЩѣθУȴܵķΧ
ҡü棬Ժһ㹴ճոտЩơظΣַµ⡣
꾭صϴһľҪǿʶǿҲǱѰʶǿĺôļ˵ĿҲ޼ҪӲвͨġ
󷱸ޱȣ֮֮еϸ΢仯֮ǧҴڲϱãʹܽԺ֣ҪȫŪҪ·
ɲڵڶؾ˷ôʱ䡣
뵽ҡ̲סһԵˡ
Ŀ⣬վԱߵĵɨһۣû˵
ҡӵվߵǰҲ˵ֻЦеע
ȡĿⶢţ̬ƺڣҲ˵
ôģҡھУȻûסûһھʾ
һ֣Ҿͱǿˡδ赭дĴ
ֻ˵ɣʵȴȻﾪաýѻ֮ڵڶ㿪֮ʽͨ󷨣ͱˡ
֮⣬Ҳһѻ˵ֻ΢ϣûбȻǶ񣬾ڴˣûҲָ֮䡣
ҡ뵽·뿪֮ʣָ֪ҲʧˣԺϤޱȣҲûлʵԡ
ֻǣôָǰڶ㣿
鲻⣬ʶͨڶĴ
ѻڶ㣬ѻ޼֮صһ
ȻˣҲ֮ǰʮľܾش⣬ʮĽ
Ļü̧βӹһ˿ĪĹ⣬ԣҪҰ㣿
ҡüƺøοڣ΢ת˵ܽô
ףѻĿıĩá
ǰһλʦиõķҲࡣ͵һĿ鲻֮ͬѧٶԼģ·һ˶ǿˡ
㣬ʲôôŲæЦ
ҡ֪״ӦգգۣҪʲôô
ûмǴƺѾǷҲ顣
ûôʼˡҡһʼûӦЦЦɫŷӦǱָ̨·ǽڶǰһ·˵Ļ
ԭ
ҡ̲סһȦЦе˵㲻ǳԴ˰ɡ
סĸ첲ۺһۣתƺ飬ǷĹⱲӶ壬ҶԼָˣ㻹⣿
һףֵƳһ޵Ц꣬飬ܻΪһ̸ʹҲ˵ʲôҶӦ
⻰Ŷ죬ҡ֪ڱ֮ǰ˵Ļ˼ƲЧֻߺߵ˵㵽׽̲̣̾ˡ
Լûͽⲻ޷Ƕ߼·ѡ
̿ԣɫ˵ӦҼ
ҡ˾񣬡˵
˹ǣüۼЩĪ֮ɫʥӱ־룬òҪн
ˣųҡɵĿΪʲôҪԶ·ǡ
ѲĳԴˣ
ǰɡģɵĴ
ҡĻüͷø·ǲǰŰһת̬ȣе㲻
δ˭Ҳұ֤˵ѻڣֻ·ڣѲ
ƺ˼΢΢ü˾䣬ˣ뿪֮㡣
ҡͷ·ֻɶѻܲ·ƺ縺ʲôѻǶ˵ĽƱػ٣ܳʱ䶼
ܲ·ǵĵģһڿ͹ġ
ʲô
šü˼Ƭ̣ƺЩò⣬ڻûãһŰɡ
ʭӶ˲ҡޱĵͷ
ȴ򵥵Ŀʼ֪޾飬ЩĵĴƳµĴ󣬵˵
ҡĿƵĶ˵
һݡˡšţͬĻڣʲôֻ֮ͬݹĸѣθ
ҡŲʻΧϸָ֪ĳ
ָķ򣬵˵ͷҡ
˵šüЩεüģʱ䲻ˡ
ʲôҡûĻ
Ҵȥ
ס֫ż㣬ڴдСµĴ󲻶ϱͣҡۻңΧһҷ絶һһֱޱŨΧ
κҡϵɿˡ
ʵ䲻ڣ󷨶벻˻ƣȻߵΪϤȲߵİɡ
ҡͷʵһʼô࿴۽µƾͷΣȫ޷Ĳ⡣
ڽȻ벻ѣθУ֮ǰѾ࣬רоµơ
ҪǿʶԽǿԽ󡣲ѻڵĺۼʹֻǱɽһҲͨ󷨸ҡȻռʶǿıˣһνӴƣЩ衣
ӦҪҡ⣬ܿͽʦ״̬ҡƵٶѰǿģȴҲ̶á
ʶһǿΪֲĳ治õȱݣ
εϵһ۱ܹܿģ
ٶ̫ٶȵȥɻˡ

ҡס˵ĳ嶯ǿֻǽ˽
лҪ˵  ȻϵǸе
ͨ󷨣ŮһˣǰŮˮ׼ٸһƵģѾ˺ü죬Ůʽ()



137 
ƺԹû, 䱾˲, ҡٴᵽĳ˵Ķ๦ס
Ȼ, ϻǴǰǸ˵ϲĺꡣ
˺ɴĻҶȻᱻֻΪ, ƵٶԽԽ죬ʶҪűƣС
ˡۿѾճҲ, ֹĶ
κεϵ̫ר, ûĻ˼޹üֱӽ
ҡЩ, Ȼ˴, ˼ȴûȫѣָܿƵڿй
ÿƶиԵ;, ǡһơе, һ£εķ紵˿ͷϸȥ
̿ĵЦϵҷھҡ, Ҳҵķ˿, ҧгݵ˵Цʲô
ճȭ, ڴһȻޱһҷÿﻹδȥЦ, ηֱЩơ
ҡЩ߳ŭƿû֧Ųۼֿķס
ʶʹùȣҪЩεѡ
Ļҡĸ֪·¸ʶƣԶ**ʹʹֱ࣬ʯĥѹļѹ˺Ѹʶʹùȵĺ֢
ͬʱƣ⣬ԼԼʶƺϸ΢
ûи֪ʶ״»ƺж㣬͵˵ּһ䣬¹̲˻˺ʶ
ҡϣĵͷ
ʱµĴȻʼĳֹתȴԤϰ㣬пϵ˲ڴƶ
תٶȼ죬ȥѭȴԼĽƶλáܴαãʼڸտʼҡѡеλϣ˿δ䡣
Լʱ䣬ÿʱתһΡ
ϴϤɤ·ħ㣬ҡְĸУü֪ʣѾȥʱˣ
ȻԼʶôƣ
Ļ䣬ͣתûзϻֱӽ⡣
ȽηֱЩơ
ҡԭЩ󷨻мԺԲƣɴӻĿʼ츳ڣڷʽǳ㲦лʿ֮С
ôڸһ䣬Ƴҡ⡣
Ͳ޶֮ˣкʦı渵Դ˼άеٶ⣬ֱܸá
ҡ̧ע鲻Խĸпʦϧˡ
Լͨ󷨾̺ܽñˣЩԭҪ˽ȴȵ컹ѡȻڴУԼ㣬˳Ϊʦܡ
ձͽܡü΢̧ζЦ
ҡ۲һתЦ˵ҿ϶Ǵһ
ÿɷЦһ»صϡһصʦɫɫֱҡҲ׿ڡ
һһʱ÷ɿ죬ܿʱֹȥˡ
ʼʩҡڴڲƶ
סھ
ҡϿһοھҡһ֪⣬ֻȿӲȱ
ǾĹǾǡÿԾһͽλ֪ҡ⣬ſھЩ
κ󣬴ֹͣת
ͨ˵ۺҲ벻˾ŹţȻĺۼҲǻ󷨵ļߣܽ͸֮ˡſˣӰ𽥱䵭
㡭ҡ⾪֣ȴץ˸ա
𽥱͸ȴǵȻֵܼΪףͿԼˡ
ҡ죬߲֪˵ʲô
Ҳ˵˵Թ˵Ʋ󣬱˵ҽ̹㣬ͽܡ
Ŵҡ⸴ӵ鱻仰嵭̲סݸ
ѾɢӰû˵ֻһ޵̾
ҡʧķƬ̣ɫӵĵͷʼרĲơ
ԭֻ󣬵Ļı⡣ûʱƣֱ½ȫŪ
´μ棬һһ
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ҡǵ˴ʱһ˾ڹ˷塣
ȻѾɢȴδһʧĳϵ϶ʶڡ
ֻʯԵɫֱ䣬ƺ˼
޼֮عȻ죬ΪСþһ
תǽֻм糤֦ϣѵøּƾ֮ɫ
ǽؼ糤֦ɢһӨӨı⣬ϸ۲֣ᷢڵ֦ǵ䱳ӳǽأ𵱳ήҲѾָԪ
ҪָԭģҪ겻ֹ
뵽ؿȻһɹŹֵʹʹͬĴĵĥһѹֱֱ๳Ѫģǧٿס
ģǹĵĸоҲˣַʽͬĥһʱ΢ƽ⡣
ΪĥˣȻܣʹˣҲ˿δ䡣ۣղ֮ǿǹ繳ĵĥʧ
Ȼ˽ƣһǳһζЦͫĨӹ
ưʱ·ͷʨӳ˯ѣһɸΣաɲϢһš
ǿûоκˣڸѲһȦϢջأƺѰ޹
񾳵أ˲ܲⳡ̽ȻҲ
˼Ƭ̣硣
һ
˵ȴûżڣʯϵһûһµ档֪ǹڿʱеĶҲ죬ĺһԡ
ｻξһö׸磬ѹ͵ʧʣżֵơ
ǣ¡
뿪һһƮ
װô
üһź˼֡
ɽٵʱŻڣȻûΪȴһ˿ϵ
Դӽħ֮ڵħѾܾûгˡⱾǸϢԼﲻԡ
ľٶ裬ܾԼʲô
ϢȻûдģȥ֪Ķ֪ˡȻƷף֮ıȴûᣬħ嶼ûж
±͸ŹŹ֡
ȻһͬѰ
Բϧˡ
һϷʵġһġĵ
лҪ˵  ħ**ossΪĬ



138 
û㣬ҡٶ, ΪĿ, Ҳܾ󷨡
ֻͷ, һǴÿʱתһΣԴָ, ÿתʱԼƣڱ֧穣һţ⣬ȻҪԻΪ, ̫, ĺۼ࿴۾ͷۻ, ֪֡
Ȼ֮ǰ̹ԼһЩС, ҡΪ˽ƺ͸ѡһҲ·
ԼʶǿĿһȫ, Ȼٽ⹹顣
˵ܲ׾, ȻԼ޶ۣҪӵ츳ĺȣֻܿŬ˵ˮƽࡣ
ʵ֤, Ȼ츳, Ҳӳ֮ȫԵ, ȻҲѧƭƭѧߡ
֮ǰ˵֮䲻ڣһͨͨԼƽ⹹ö, ֪ĸ˲ͿϣǰЩпʼһеͬƼ£ඥҲˡ
ˣȫ͸Ҳһʱ䡣
һ㵽ڶ㣬һҵʱ䣬ڶ㵽㻨һ꣬㵽Ĳ㣬Ȼʱ䡣
ǿıԣڱֻͫѩͫѩóֻҪ۾ϣͻ鲻ԽþУ书ʮ˵ãռݵƣ֪ǲãҡ
Ĳ꣬꣬ꡭ
Щż·ǣ˶æѻ񣬼Ᵽ־룬ʶ
ѻھŲ㡣
һƬããĿռ䣬˳ԪʲôûС
ƬռվһģһˣΪͬͬʽͬʩչͨҲһ
ΨһͬǣһʩչʽͨԱһϾһֻֿķݡ
ͨھŲֻһԼ򣬴Ӯ˾ܳȥ
ȻԼԼѻġԼ
Լ֪ԼеֶΣʩչȴԼھŲĿǴ֪ԼеϸġԼͺñҪѧĳ˲ϵ͵ģ飬Ŀһģ黹ɫ
һ˵ǹؿ˵ǽԼʦΪû˱ԼԼʤԼʹԼƽѧ
Ȼ죬͡ԼζԼԶ·磬ԼʩչսͨҲܱ
ҪͨؼʩչԲҪʱ䣬ǹ⿿ʱ츳ҲһӮΪԼ츳ֻԼߣʩչؼͨҲʤһҪʤڵ죬ҲٵǵھŲԵʡ
޼֮һؿϰĲ
ҡ⽵ʱֻмʮ꣬ͨؼȻ޼֮ص˶ࡣһͨ־ϲźϲģָƽյĴ©֮źյĶ̫٣ûеõá
Ҳ֪һԺܲܽҡⰵ⡣
ԼȥϾչʹѻƵԼȱʼ˼άҲǡ
ҡⱧѧϰ̬ϾԼͨϵĴ©һսԼǸԼ飬ܳһʱҡֻаķݡ
Ԫ㣬ѻõĶؿռ䣬˶صˣܻܿ޹˼ɵġᡣ
Լͨؼѧֽ꣬޼֮غ͵̫ŵõսͨԼȤģֱѧãϰС
һۣҡڵھŲʮ꣬Ѿû֮ʩչԼеͨ͡Լһܡ
󣬡Լһƻ󣬰ɫռͻأĳһȸʴţȽӲӵĴҡǰȻ
ʮ꣬ѻڴʮ꣬ڳˡ
*
ҡ̤ѻƬ̻
׽絽Ѿʮ꣬ѻʱռ˽ʮꡣ֮ǰδԼôʱ䣬ˣȻ뿪Щᡣ
˼ˣת룬ʮԪ˵Ҳ㳤Ϊ𾳣űոؼǧ궼ȥˡ
ԼҪ·ܳ
С壡
һ˼ҡ̧ȥֻӰСৡ¡
ô˵һͣסôһھ;Լ˸⣬Ϊǿ϶
ƺ뷨͵׼һ޷ġ
ҡ˵¡ڼͷۼѹѹĽΧɫ˲
Ҫɽ٣ϵĽƣǼ׽ٻѹһ󣬶˵ȻֻСС֣ԪĻ
ȱչءҡȻҲεĽƷͬһ㣬ԼǼ׽ٵһĺ
ѻ֮ǰ׽ٱ͵ˣֻѹ¡ѻ޷ɽ٣ЩΪǣȴ޷ɽٶǿѹΪ֮ǰѹƵжޣ֮ƾж͡
ԤУӦûдͻơҪһͻƵľҪչһʱ䣬Щɾ
㻹Ҫѹ׽٣ĻЩͬüûգѹʱԽ׽ٵԽ󡣡
ҡǿѹסԪϵĽƲԸɢȥЩŶԶ˵ֻһͻƵľ
ڻԪǰڣľҪͻС磬һ󾳽硣
Ԫ֮ǰû׽٣ͻΣղ󣬵Ԫ֮ÿͻһ綼Ҫ׽٣Ľַ£ʹҲ̫롣
С壬֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡ĿĶҡ⣬̲ססҿƺѻɵˡ
ҡ̿ҵȻ֪Լ˵ʲôֻҸطչء
ֲ˵굽ĻС壬ƺЩˡ
ҡҡͷ޵һֱۣӴҡ˲ƻصɽ
ɽҡ˼棬Ҵҽ˾ұչء
һգֹۣȥˡ
һͨӣɽΧƵı̿պȻԤ׵һ¡ƺֻб䡣
˭Ҫɽ٣
Ҫɽô
һǰһһϡ
ԣСķ򡣡
伸Ӱƾ£ķƶ
ǽƵȻֵһᣬqqһƬ޴ĻһɺƣһԪ٣һľ٣Ͻ𶦽١
ʱһӰƹضʲôûֱӳơ
ȵֱҡ֣һԵ¡
嶯׽ٷΧ
лҪ˵  ǹ£ˮһQAQֽͳڣо⼸״̬orz



139 
Ļѹ͵Ʋ㲻ʱ߿裬޾׹⽫ɽΧ, ƴΧĲľ˲, ·֮١
ļ˶һ, ¶ݡ
Ľ뷢٣˵üɫ
СùҪһͻľа塣
ƲֵӰ, ̾˿͵ľŋӦֵܵס
Ļδ˵ȻȻֹеİɫӰ
ûŋ¡
С̫ðˡ
Ȼ𾳣Ҳһֱġʱķ׽֮Ŀ, żҲûй, Ľ٣, ЩսϵǸ, û˸ô
ˡ
䣬һˮͰϸ׹ͻƽƣߵȥ
ҡӿһ, ǵ׹, ȴȴ赭дĵס
ŵڶ׽ٽ£ɽ¡ƺŭĽƣѹѹƲк¡¡, δ׹, Ӧ׽١
Ȼ, һѹֵĵѹУһɫмϹ׽ٴӺؽдȻûǰǼ׳, ̲صȴǼҪˡ
ֻҡһӣѾΪʮϷСɵķϼϹ׽٣·һ˲ͻᱻ塣
׽£ڷϣͬƽһʯӣȦȦԽԽ޻ɵķʼѡƱ󣬲׹ֱҡ
ϵļҡ⽫嵽ǰ׹߬Ϲ˼£ʧˡ
׾ɴۣԾ૵
Ļɲ˵Ԫ׾ܵסô
֮˹۲ҡϵı仯ͬ˵
֮׽޼֮أߵԶǿսϱ嶼в㡣
ֻҡļϸһǳ׹ââЩ׽һʼӿֵĽ⣬ȴ֮𣬽Ƿ׽٣â׽١
׽ٵɫɫӽҡո̽˵ֱ֮קס׽١׹Юž޴ֱۣİӶˡ
ޱץ׹⣬׾֮ͬʱתԭצɫ׹⽥ʧȥƻǿԪĴߣϴǰâߣļʥӨ
ǵ׹⣬һѾȲ˹
һһ׽ӦӲϾеɫԽԽأ׹ѾҲɫ̺Ҳһ±һ´
׽ٵһ̾
Ƕľ٣ȴپ
С׾ʹòһڼ
˾תֻһλӺһλӲ֪ʱվ
壬塣
˵䣬ҡѾӭһ׽٣׽ֱһɿʱֱӽûϹ˸·ҪĻ顣
ȺȻ׽еӰܸܵϢﲢżֻ׹еϢԽԽ
֪˶ãһڵӰӰе
׽ٻδ˲Ҳ֣ȴûй˼һָŮסڵϡ
׽ٺڵҡһЩڱĺɫͬм׷׻Ϊµļ׽ٴӨĵ׹⡣
ȹ׽ٺ󻹲иħ׽ٺԼҡȻʹ񱻴ʯĥѹ˼ǧ飬ǿڵأʼħ١
ĵѾԲ⼸ʮħоյĶȹȥˡ
׽ٶȹή½ֻкǧƮƮ黨ҡΧ·ԡȪУ泩ǰµİҲڴʱȬ֮⣬ԪмӵĴ׺񣬷·ʱȡеĴʹá
Ȼҡ֪ȡ֮ʲôǴҪ𾳲ϢɢľڣԤлҪϲȻ磬ֲǼ׽ټֱ
ϲСùãСǹԾ֮ǰףҡ׳ɹ
ϲ
ϲ
һǰһĹϲãȻľвֵһᣬҡ徳绹Ǽϲѹ
굽񾳣ʵ֣ǼռˡȺͱչˣû´γҲöɽˣ˶һۣʱֻһͷ
Ͻȥչأ
ѻһˡŮۣǹһĨοЦ
Ļڳ˲ϸҡ⣬Ȼ˴仯˵̥ҲΪ
ֱ仯ǽģǾɱ䡣ͨ޾ƴɱһɵģȶѻȻͨѻ֮б仯ϾѻҲ޼֮˵ġ񡱣ֻǷôתֻСһ
ҲˡҡǶֱԼЩڣ
̿Цֻ
ҡԹߵǰֱӻתƵɽɽ
лҪ˵  ǸеСӸ쿼ףԼ



140 
ҡǵһεɽɽȥ, 翵Χסɽ, ԼԿΧЩ, ֻƾĿ޷ɽŵΡ
ԪŨճĿǰԪĵطպýľ, ԪΪ
׳ơű
˭뵽׽ԽԽϡʱȻбԪűĿܡ
, Ҫ㡣
ҡŬӿڵĳԪʱ, Ļ˲ͣ棿Ҳ, û棡
ɽʱ䲻, ֮ǰ̸ԼҲ֪һЩͨϢΪ޼֮ǰ
Ȼ޼֮غųа֧ħ, ʵмλߵ̫ħδº, Ҳ˵޼֮ʮλ̫ħЩ̫ħµĽлĸûֱ£
û޼֮֮ǰΪ̫һλħȫ׽ʱ, , ޼֮мλǾƽٻĴ, Ҳ׽֮ǰĴǧ硪ĴС
̫ϣԯϺսϵ棬ǲˡ
⼸λлĴ, µĴǧ׽ԭס̫ħȣЩ޾µϹŶȻռ˼ƣдڣǼѾ׽ԭסˡ
⼸ţƺĴ޼֮أӲǼǰҲ޹ֺҪҡ˶סˡ
ҪңӲŤͷЩŵʡЩʶˣͲǵǸ֪ηĲһλ̫ħ޷ġ
仹Լϴܵ£ò档
޳ϣԼȷ֪δ㡣ȻܴӦòǻ£
ܽڵ޳ȡãϾԼ²ǰ㣬һλජϣҹ¡
ʱһƮǰ仯˵ģһɷǵˡ
ӡдеС
ĿɨҡʱΣ·еܶһľη޷Ὺ˵
˵ͷ۾һ˿Ц⡣
ҡⲻָ֪ܺʲôͷ··˽һܶˣֻǷݾηɢȥ
һ£ӵĺ档
֪ΪʲôֵͬһҲ񣬶Ȼ֮ƣòƣɢʡ֮ǰ;ϵЩͬԭ棿
ѵǴ˵еķ棬ԱˣűȽһ㣿
׳һҡæ¡
һ
ǻһ͵ļˡ
ҡһĶڵϣ졢
ĹŴ˵׽йϵ컯컯öӿ쵱ı
½ҵʹɲҲ̫ħرΪǵġĸסʹֻǻһܲᡣ
濴ĵĿڣСѾͷһ仰ηڲ㷨
ҡɫһ䣬仰˵ĻֻǽΪһԢˡ
ѵǽ磬˵ҲǴԽģ
ǿ뷨δʲôƳ̾һ˶ʱʧ
ˡҡץǽȷѪɻ૳
һԵҡͷŮ͵治׽磬Ƕ𲻱Ҫ鷳
ҡ¶ĵͷҪ鷳ָע⣬Ǳλ̫ħע⣿
һΪѰڵǲˡЦ
ж
ҡⶢɢŻԪ׽֮һȻֻеĲ
ÿɷе㵽á
Ҳ˵
ΪʲôҪҡƺû档ҡЩո͸¶ĻϻصӶҵġ
ʹ޹أ̫ħһкϢϢ֮ˡ
ִһͷڵΪ̫ǿȽʶɡ
ȴֲֻΪҪ
ҡµ˱һʱҲ˸ոյ⣬ӹӴԼһһ֮Ϣʱ궼Щ仯һ㵭Ĺ⣬ƺøӴˡ
ûųʶС
ĵĵշŵһ£
ҡ󣬽ɽĶ
ںǼ򵥣ֻһʯճþߣעĿϵһյ͵ʯƣʯʢһŻɫϢЩơ
ǻԪ
ĿѾע⵽ʯƣֱǰ
ʲôҡ⿴ʯƣɫĪܾʲô
ԪĶĸоҪҡ
ᡣ
᣿ҡͫ΢ʲôᱻ֮
лҪ˵  Աңorzǿһ£һ˫ôô
Ůıˣֺȡʲô㣿Ȼɫģڴࡱ֡
˵󲻹̶һƯı̹2333ܹΪӡӡȵ



141 
ǡҡ飬, Ϊʲôǰ᣿Ϊʲô׷ʲô£
ϵʯ, Ż⶯Լй, ·еһƹ⣬ƻɫ޲ϵһ, ĹΡ
ΣϡʯƣЩ翡
ҡɫ΢, Ծץ, ң
Ϊʲôϣҡǧذתȥľ, ȻֻȻĸоһֱɻԪΪôȥ, ¿޷ķһ뱾Դأ
ǵ׽ʱշҲ˵ǵܴϴ媵пܲʱմķ, Ǻķһ뱾Դ, пܽ硣
Լʱշ쳣УֻѰ΢һ㡣
ƺɻüʱ, ޷е, һֱӡڡ
, ǵ϶ΪһôҡΪ, ʹдδֹ˵Ӱҡ뵽˽ԼߣϧԼǻƵġֵĸо
˵Ĺ£޷ͬܣֻ˽İ
Ȼףóһֱ벹СӣҲԸ֮Ľʼոһ㵭롣
鶼ģʹѪԵҲҪάϵȱʧЩԺֲڵˣʹǰûŵ˻ʶ
ڣҡĸܸԼԸ⸶κδۡ
ǸΪȥĸףҲԸ⸶һоԼ
鲻⣬ʹһҲ޼¡̾һһУŰŰĻԪʯơ
Ϊ㡣ָӡŻԪ룬¶Ķ
ǰи覵ʯɢĹâҡȫסգ۵Ķˡ
ֹĸоδϸܹǰᣬΧʱշ·˲̮ʱصһ֧Ļһֻĵ֮С
иܵϣ룬ֱͨʱ֮ҡҡҷ·һ޵ĺУʧʱС
šüۼֿ콫ǰŮڣһƽâǣһϸз·һŷľʯ
սڵǰᣬκ϶ΪһһĶϢҡԣں˵ը
ʶ𵴣·ʱҪˣʱշԴԴϵϴ꣬·˼˺Ȼ䱩ʳܡ
ʱһεСǵѰԽתЩͳŹֵĵѹ²ӿʶ
ǵᾲĴʶ֮УŲԶľ롣
ҡ֮䣬оʶƺվһˡˣǧҪ˵ȴһ仰Ҳ˵
˾ĿҲû˵Цȴ·˵ʲôҡ̲סȥֻǻûǰѾʧˡ
һɢĻӿҡԺ
κۣĿǡϡ
ڿͨٿһˣĿ⣬ȴֲһ˿Ȼò񣬶ǺС߸ϵo
һţҡΪԼۻˡգգٿǰһ·ǧ겻ļʱڻļºͣеů⡣
ҡ׿ǹɵĹУƣȻһ֧ǵѣ֮ǰǹɵӦǹǵѷ
ƺʲô˵ɫӶ˶̾һƺߡ˵ȥ
ҡ򴽣ͷ
תȥӰӰһɾǧ֮ĵĮ·Գһ硣õ˴ڣƺֻմ£ϲŻ̻
뵽ոյǶζ϶ļ䣬ҡҳһ࣬ԼԼʲôܡ·ɽһһĺϺ£ȫ֪ݴʱĸܡ
*
ɽ֮󣬵֪Ѿչȥˣҡ˿
ǲڣȻȥɽ£Ҳ֪òý¸ǡԼǵദʱ䲻ȻҲǼ֪δټǵֹ
չϰ꣬ǧ꣬ԺԺ˵ɡ
ƺ£ɽܿ뿪ˡҡⰵ˿̫ǿ˴һεѹʹԷ
ãҲһ˾
޼֮ز죬Ϊǵ׵սҡⲢûܣߵɽһڲݵϡ
ǰͬ޴ʯɫһȡһ塣
޼֮ؼʱֽģ˵µĶõ֮һֱûϸֱոջĲּ䣬֪ļֵ
ǿīɫ壬һһģһİɫ壬϶һ۾ϳһβ壬Ҳ̫㡣ϧõǲδע
׽û̫˵һ޿֮
ȻǸ޿ˣ
׼ȷ˵ǰһִ˱޿졣īֻһö干飬ܹ¸һ顣ӵī֮ˣǱ޿֮
ΪʲôҪתޣƾ̫㱾ͱ޿һֱĳֲ²֮
λصŮӣƽƽĲ࣬Ǵ紩Խ׽ˡ
ʯɵʱһᣬʯǵڶᣬǰ̳Ƶı޿졣߹ºۼǶȤζԭЩ֤λԼ֮ǰǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ո˵Ǿ仰ηڲ㷨ԼҲǴλ˵ġϾΨһƽƽĲ࣬֡治Ļֻ˵Ųͻأð
ĻʵǸص壬ƽʱηһ޷ǣǾ͸Ʒ
ˡηڲ㷨׽翰ƴ治ĻǻһӴ治Ļ쵱
Ʒ
Ʒֹ׽֮ǰĴǧ硪磬һۣ֮ͥͥϵʥ˺ͥ˶ԿɱҲΪʷһĨ
ǰ֮ڣ׽絽ǰδеĸ߶ȣ˭ҲҶ
лҪ˵  䲻ηڲ㷨Բʯ䷨ġ쵱ǻƽĿںţڵķһֱǿ2333
ϻһ£Լеʱ500QAQ
ӽڿ֣



142 
ҡ뽫̽壬ȻΧ, , Ťͷ򷢳ķ
ʥӣЩԾĿ߹ˡ
·߹, Ҫ˰֣¡
ϲľЦеĵ, ЦǳǳѣһͷõĽҫ۵ĹΡ
ҡҲ֪ǱЦͷεۻ, ͬ΢Цûüϲ𶦡, ʥרҵģ
·ǱȳѻľΪ, ɢϢ, Ȼǽ𶦾ɡϾľˣûľԶŴۺߵĳƺŲǰ׽еġ
·ǵͷ, Щͳǵ, ׼ȥ
Ҫˣҡü΢̧֮֮ĸоͲµ·ǴԼ޼֮ؾô
´, , ѡ·ָ̾
ҡɫ΢, оڰʾʲô¶ˣ
ţ·Ц, ǳ۽··˽۰㣬ֳһƯɫɫͫ峺ͬʯ򴽣üֻԼ˵ȥˡ
ո˵ʲôҡûĻԼֻ˼֣廹гڣ
·ǴϹƯ˵ȥ뿪޼֮أ
ҡ㶣üһ̧ݸȻ޼֮Ȼãȴµ
·̿ɫӴһɫƺתտƣȥɣҲп֣֮ͽ塣
Щ˼ҡָָգ˼˵
ƺ빫ƽ̧ͷű̿գһ˿ЦϾ
ҡȻ̫ħس֮ʾȫ䣬Ͼввħӹơ̫ħ׽һɣسȣһ긻ǿ׳һѧӤ˾
Ϊ˸ʱضѹ̫ħѪЩ̫ħǵĺֻܹһط
޼ֱ֮ڻһֱڣǴ̫࣬ҪԸ޼֮شֻ̫һֻ۱һֻۣڵľž໥ЭĽ
ߵͽ壬޼֮ص˵Ƕ̽˵ɱӺ޼֮ص˲Ҫƻ
̽޼֮شܣ׽ҲĴ󶯵˵ǲʤ
Ҳû̽޼֮أħԱǶѹɽ̽ĺ
ٱˡ·˸СӸӵ
ҡû뵽Ȼ뻹뻹ˣִɽȡһȻʥҲʧ񡣡
׼ǰһûȾûˣʹ
뵽·Ǻô࣬ҡʼմŸм֮飬֮ǰһƮƮĳŵϣֻûĸоԼһķ£׼Щغϣ͸顣
·㶣ûнĶˣҡ
ǻʥǲգҲĶҡĻЩ۵Ľ׼
ٲգͷˣ
·ЩȻĶ
ߺҡüǻ񣬲ʧԼɡ
Щ顣
˵ΪԼĺҵģֻʲô¡
·ǸСӣһƵʱƣǡ
еĽޣ࣬Ʒҩ͵ĶҲضá
һͻأɤͳԡ
ҡ̧ͷһӱվڲԶΪ׳߽ףȴ˿ԱأЩľװļĺչ¶š
ͭɫļӲʵӳĵӢб޵üĶ̽ͬһֻʨʹڷ״̬޷ơ
˸ոκԵģֻһܣΪ̫ͷֲˡ
սϣս񡣡
߽ҡ⣬ԼĽԼ߶ĲϵԽԽأҪѹҡⴭ
㻹𾳡ƳЩ԰׵գսü͵ջƣĿ޵´
ҡ۲תҲڲɫĴԷսս񣬴ºսӣһ졣սڣ꣬ǽ޼֮лˣͬʱҲ̫֮пʮɾš
֪սкιɣǿס۵ĳ嶯ӹȻǷӣһԲϾͷѹ
һؾ˵Ҫ֤ĳϲսüЦ¶һڰɭɭ⡣
ԨŮƺ丸źĿӸ¸ҡ⡣
лҪ˵  ϲսͬѧٵǡ˵ĸֱСסȻսͲԸô2333
˵һŮ·ǵĸоǷ˺ü飬ȻóŵһծǾռˣлҪʾʾ
֣мСʹȡúܺãҲУĥĥģŮȡϣȡǲҪ̫ڴ2333϶ߵĹ



143 
Ȼҵúã˵, һһ㡣ҡ΢΢ƫͷ, ¶һò΢Ц
Ϊ۸ڶھͷųţ, ǻûʰǵˣ仰˵Ƿᡣ
սü, Լû뵽˼ʶʣ˭
ΪʲôҪ㣿ҡЦе˵Ը, ǲܳ⡣
, ҲûȤ֪ƺʧ, Դʧҡ, һ֪ߵغѾͷƬӵĴ󻰣ĳȻˡ
˵ת׼뿪
ҡĻ, ĥĥ, 껹ڵ˾ȻΪĳ޿ܣջƻʮ껹һܽΪ
˭̫
ţҲҺұһĻɹѾ׼뿪˶סŲ
սŤͷ, ŵͶ, ЦԷǵĶ˵ʲô
Ѵͽ̡ҡݸһЦ, ˫Ц
սЦˣǶԱԼûôĺͺƢӳԨΪĿ, ڳԨΨһŮҪЩӣǰ֮˽΢ųһѹֱӽ
Ц֮ҡҡͷ˵ŮˣǸһ͵ĵͽŮޣ۸С
ľôнʿбȽĸ֣ȴ˲ֵһĵͽʿһԱҡ.һҪÿβл´Σ
㲻ǲҰɡбһۣ˵
սЦһؾӸµĿؼңʹҽΪԪվԭز֣Ҳ򲻹ҡ
㽵Ϊҡһ˫Цýֵ⣬ֻΪһ·ľڣľԲ𶦳ڡڣͣڡ
սɫ΢䣬ĿԲɨȥ
ڿôȻֵİվڲԶĿˡ
𣬡սȻȻɫЩܣֻΪ¡
𾳣Ϊһ²ûˣʶԴսܵȶҪأǿΪһϡ
һ仰ʹΪȥˣ̫Ӳм̫˴仹ǽŮӡ
ʹ򣬲ع˼ңĵƳҡ⣬ӹһ˿Ц㵽ΪֹӮн͡
սƳҡ⣬ȻδΪȻǶԷ飬Ϊѵĵ˵ͷʵŷˮȨһɡ
С׼ΣװģѯһԵҡ⡣
ҡףոסս񣬾˼ǵΪȻҲֱʡ
սپҪҪȨһԺ
յдҡһ飬һԱָ᲻̫۸ˣתһ룬ԼΪпõĭԼ֪Լ£˫ʵ⣬ս񣬿߲˼С
ֻԱߴָܲץסỹǿԼ汻ץסֻܹսѧղ
Լƾץסôأ
һһʼʹֶΡ𾳵ΪԪ·޾һ־ͲΪߵжòһˣЩڿеĴƬ˳ò񻰡һ˲·Ѿƿһе
ԭ𾳣ǹ˼ɶսҡ⼸ҪƿһеСֲҪƴ׷µܵζͬʳ/ڣԽ񫡣
ָҡսʱǿŶԷֻġơԽԽǿȨ᧿Σ
ɽʱǵ..ף磬ֻһΣмǡ
磬ǹԪѨôҡɫ΢ǶҲµڣԲؾ֮岻ǹİɣ
ȻֹǹԹ԰˵׼ʱ˵Ǹ϶һУȭΪƣ..ս硣
սϾҪתΪȻбΪȻֻǵĹǰŷԼʽϣŴ󿪣Ǳ֣º롣
ִٷأһϸ΢ҡץס䲻ķųٵľ߶ٵȻ޷սвʱ𾳣˲佫ս뱻
Σϸ΢Ѿ㹻ʤս񳹵״·硣Ȼбˮһսķţ˵ǵ㵽Ϊֹ˿Ѿ죬ַֻɱС
սʰ·磡Ρмڶսɫȥ⻰ȻǶҡ˵Ƕ԰˵
Ѿһƾļʶﲻ֪ǼڰֻǼָʽϵڣҲö˵ʲô
Ͼ׻ԼһһʽиɻԲϾֿɳ֮
İýĻ۾һתֶָŮս˵Ȼˣһʱվ͵Сɡ
ҡһ˫˵Ҷ۲ɳԲۣܾȴ˵սող⵽ǿǿֶŮ
սĻüҲһľתǸƺһ͵Ӱϣ¶ųɫüתӦ
սسŵȻ˾ͲܻԼ
ÿδʱڴ˵ء
ս΢΢ףʾ𾴣˲ʧȲҪǸ
壬Ҫҵսʧҡڿ˵һյǰʵ
Ӯս϶вޣ˻ûЮ˽
ķЦе˵սСӻʵιвȻԼţտϧ˸ã
ҡֱжӯҧӦá
ЦһһӣΪ˲䵽ľ
ȻҡһΣ㵹¡
ľһ𾳣СϪǿעһ֮ˮ˲ͻᱻűҲ֪ʹʲôͨȻʲô¶ûУβֻΪ֫
ı֡
𾳵ζΣһüϾʡ
ɫ΢У૵ǿƬƺԡ
𾳲Ÿ𲽣СҪϽŬǡЦҡҡͷ
ҡع֣ص΢ЦͷǣһӱŬս𾳡
ѾˣŪƵģֲ˵ĲԨ֮뵽ҡӿ
ڣȻü΢ָצϵĳġ
ףҵ壿ҡ⿴Ķʶв㣬ִҴȻˣӦǸոպսǲСĵڵϡ
ģ壿Ħī壬ɫЩ֡
лҪ˵  ȥҸҲ䷹ԣʱеǸ
Ϊʲôһֱû֣emmmΪȡ벻ˣȱҪֵʱ_(:١)_



144 
ҡʯϣһԺ, һֽǰٵǰܾڲ, ˵ʲô
ʱֵ, 졢Ȼ֯һ, һй¡
ģ壿
, ⣿
¡ֻǾ״Щ°ˡ
, ʵһԣһɫ塣
֪

, ûô, ȥϢɡ
á
ҡ˻ԴĶԻʱ׿רо塣һһ, лϸ۲塣
̽, ǽ䶼һ飬еı仯δ֡ĲּΪҵʲô, û뵽ʲôû֡
Ҳ, ˼ʮ, ʲôܵĻͱˣֵ
Щʧһ׼˳֮, ʶеǵȻɲĶ˶
ҡǰһֻоƺƮƮĸڿУֻƤҵɸУԼ˿ƯãȻУϵ״̬ӹ졣
ͷ˿ԼֻһŻҰɫ
ڴǰ־ҡⲢûлң˼Լ˿̵״̬һ顣ھһû״УԼһɫ⡣
һ˼Ժ֣ǡ飿
ҡ֮ǰٵʱҲ𾪵ԴһƬհס
ѵˣ
£ֻһ˲пܼĿܿͻᱻ紵ɢֻʣ»Ͷֻءһ޶ɢ˾ԶʧˣҲΪʲô˵Ͷ̥ǰͬ顣
𾳼ϣͶʱ˳ӣǰͶ̥ת
ȻмСļʣڲǰ꣬ʱ˳ӡҪһ޶ϡ
𾳣һͷԼˡ
Ժתתܿͱҡ񶨣ĴӪɽ˭ϢɱοԼеĵģô׾ʹӦʶе޳Ҳͬ⡣
뵽Ȼ뵽һ£״̬֣ʶİƺûи
Ϊ޳ʱĽɫȻҡܣâһ͸һ𡭡
޳Ȼһ𣬹ֲ֮ǰݹǳǳ˵˭Ҳܶ޳ԭ˼
һʱ벻ͨΪλ״̬ҡֻͼͨ۲ͻıʡ
ǰһƬ磬ɵûһ˿⣬żֵּ·ѵľģ޹ʱٶȱѡ
ֹһοЩس֣Ϣʧɳָ´ɳһĨһۣһĨۼޡ
죬ء
֪ǲǱʶǵѬյԵʣҡ۲һʶЩʱնϲ㡣֪ĿһȻʱûĿ
ﵽʲôط
Ϊһ޷ԼжֻԼһǣĳƮȥ
ǰ̣ҡֻܰһ޳һ㣬ȻһССľ鳤ʱ꣬紵ˡ
˵һ·ƺûиܵ磿
·ĻɵĻ֮кȻϸ΢һ֮˻Ρ
ҡ㱣ܸܵǵâۿɼѸȻȥʱâһƮһϸɴ£âԼס
֮Χ޷âƮ롣
ʱҡźݺݻ˿
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鳯ĳƮȥ֪Ʈ˶ãǰĳʼ˱仯
һĳӳԶڣ嫡أԴͷζֻһһȥ·ܿ޾֧
بڻռ䣬ɵĻһΪ
ҡⶢǰĺӣ𾪵˼סˡ
ǡʱ˳ӣļ￴
ǣ飿
ˣûб紵飬ѭĳְصʱ˳Ʈȥ
Ȼ˵еĺʱǣҡԼضģ淺һ
ڲϢĳӷʱһâ֪ĸƮС
λĴƮʱ˳ˣҡⲻ˽ֻԶԶš
ǸƮںǻȥЩãҡ⸣飬һǸ״̬Լѵġ
һĿؼ䷢Լ֪ʱȻжˡ
ԼƮ飬ǵʱѾС
ĽâƮУϢĺӳһȦȦϸ΢պøϵҡ͸ζ翴ĬƬۿһλߵһ
ǡóֵԲ½磬Ǻ׽һĴǧ磬׽ɼΪͬ½Թ߹ĳӣݲ൱׽ʮʥϵ
ڲ½Ҳ֮ӣһΪߣǸĴڡΪʲô䣬淺û̫ģҡûп壬ֻͨߵӾһ̣޴Ƴȥ
һĻҡҷǧ粻ǿŵ˵׽֮⣬ʵ磬ǧ⣬˵и硣
ҡȻӿ޺һ׽ʲôһὫǧ綼̤飬һǧ硣
֮ʣǵâѾȫ볤С
ͨʱ˳ֱͶ̥ȥҡ̲סҪˮڿҪӽ֮ʱ͵ػع
ȴعʵ˼ԼúúõģϡͿͶ̥˵𾳣˵Ͷ̥һȥɢˡ
ǺòһˣѵҪ̾ӼȻʱ˳ӣ˵ܿδ
ҡź˰Σ˳źʵķߣ˵֡
źӰߣһ·Ӻп˵һпྡʵӮңҲһֺƴϡõڻңȻͨƽһ
ڼҲûƮӣҲǣڲǽֱߵĴײˣ
ɵĻͷıڳ⣬ƺʲôûС֪˶ãҡҰȻ˵ʲô
ǣ˵̲ס۾ΪڲԶĺУиϡ
֣ܲ볤лϣҪǿʵ
ҡⲻȷԷǷͣ¡
ƺûзȫעĶԿʱ˳ӵĳӼĬȴǿΰֹ֮˵ĽŲ
ⳡĽУޱһǰŲȻٶڹ꣬ƶˡ
˼Ȼͣƺڻָĺˮһɫߣƺڻˡ
Ī⣬ͬմȾŲ䡣
㣿ͣ²׼ȷĿҡķ˵
лҪ˵  ǰ¿ߵǸʣҪдӡ
иʵ±ϵйأٺ٣ϵѾܾˣȻⱾỹͦһʱorz



145 
ѰŮǰЩɳƵɤʸ, ·˼ıϴһƷ, 䡢顣
ҡûг, ʵԼʱҲ޷˵
ƺĹ˼ɣķһ˿Ц⣺û, Ҿ˵ҴеĿ֮һΪ㡣
ģûд, 뿪
·ж, ҡͳͳơ
˭ҡⳢãǿһƵý顰˵
ƫͷü, ƺλش, úſڣǵ˸仰ô¿ߣ
ҡʧɫ, Ȼ֪쾳ڷ, ǸԳ¿ߴ˵Ļ֪
ȵȣ
ɵò˸֪ҡ˿
ҡĲеϢǸ˭Ҫʲôйأ
Ҳ͸¶̫, ЩԺ, ûлشĻ, ЩŪգգۣ֮Ƕ¡
Ǵζ, Ҳ˵Ҵڲͬʱգδ˵ʵҡҲûֻÿ²̽ݡ
¶ÿɷЦһԺлġ
Ļһ˵֮꣬ˮȻӿƺĻʲôŭӣ뽫ȥ
һɫ״ﱻӿĺˮУ״һմˮͻΪһϸܵŰĺˮѹ
˵Ǹָңδңҡû˼ֶ̾ͨı£ץʱʡ
һü¶һ˿죬ǡ
仰£˼Ƭ̣Ǽ仰ҪϸԴϾǧġ
ҡ˶٣ʣΪʲô㣿Լ
Լһ仰˲̤ͬһ
ζЦЦ⻰ô
ҡס⻰ܲôĵĸ֪ʶ㡭ѧ̤ͬһѵΪδһΣ޷ٴ̤룿
ǧһ޶ĺӣ˵˶ҵ֧Ī⣬һĳ˵˾ͷƫת
ջ״Ѿƽ˶ǸŮָһе˱˲ı䡣
ԭһΪǵĶתǰͥޱ˳죬ֻǺתֱ£ʹвţԭˣǡҲͬһ첡ţΪµĲ
۹Σն;ͬ飬֧Ҫǣ㹻׳֧Ӱơ
ҡ⣬ķаתе˼֮
ҡǶ˵ʲôȴ·ʲôסɤӣ޷ڡ
ľڣûǿȥɡ
˦һӣҡһ´볤ӣҡֻһǵصѣθгϮ͵ۡ
ҡͻǵŮ΢΢˳ߡտĻ϶ѰʮǰԭӵġȻ˭ڡ
֪ǰ˶ãȻͣƺڱʲôóһŲʯȥ
ˮʱڣǿűͶˮʯðݣƬת˲Ҫˮڻʯʧǰһ̣ʯڵһʱ˳ӣϢĸĳϡ
ǸˣȻǴδ¶ݵ¿ߴˡ
ڳڵ˵ͷеĳšüҲ֪׷˶ƫתϧֻ֪ƫת¡
֮Ȼ׽͸
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ҡۺѾ
δʱһ̣ףоƺʲô¡
һ˲һӴսӦҪ֣ѾδʱһˣҲ֪ڲڣ
֮ĲؽСҡŻææĸȥɽԵĺ
ϵϣһɫװΰӺվһ£֮ǺڵÿԼī֭ΧĿҲƺΪס
ƺ֪νʱأӸ俴ҡ⣬еĲȻҡ
һͳٵҡ֪ĿϵĳµҵĲԣԺ²һǰ˵
սͷЩŮദϧε̵ֲӣǰ֮Цü䳯һҲýƽϣֻü䵭Լ̬ȡ
ΪԪڣվվԭأҲУɡ
ҡȻô򵥴ֱͿʼô
˷ĳʱ䣿ͷб
վ⣬¿ٳʵʶֲᵽȻһ壬ȫ޴֡ҡ΢Уֹٵ硣
Ҳս㣬μδҡȴֵ˸ա
һС
ҡⲻаİһٵ𣬼
ڶСսеվԭ
óޣҡнһͷ
С

ι֮ʱ޼֮طڰн̸
սصĶǿ죬ȻǸСӶɳȥˡ
ǺǣŪ簲ȶȹЩ꣬˵ɳСӣ¹С
ս϶ˣԯϲż
岻ҲûôôǸǾʶ
ɺɣ̽ˣû
лҪ˵  δҡ⣬Լȥġѧѧô23333
е٣첹ôôౡ



146 
ҡ۵صɽ´ĶﰵսͷţǺ, һ㶼ϧ, ȫѹ, ɣµһҪſ¡
, ǵѹĥĥһ, ҪǸսӴ
ںڰ, ʹˣұϻǷ˼Сȭͷҹ֮ҡ̤û, ͼһӰһʯſڡ
, ôڴˣع񣬿űˣǺһ, չȥô
ľ, ߽͵ʱոտ㡭Сùˣ
û£ҡż֣šü, ֲС, Ҫտ, οǵչС
˭֪ЦвȥչصģһʱҲá
ҡ̧ȥ, ҹкӨӨ⻪£ֶϹȻûû˿죬ĿлһЩ
棿
ǲʲô£üɵ
û¶彻֮븨ҩԡÿСùöҪҩԡұѰҩԡҩȥˡ
˲¶סʯңյҩԡѾ׼ˡ
ҡ㶣û뵽뵽Щ֮**ΪȻȻҩԡศȻõġ
֪Դ󣬴ûܹҩԡĴѻСɣҲŨԪӲɡ
忴Ѳû뵽С¶ǵãҡ΢΢ȣϲδ¶ʲôͣƫͷ˵û£β˵Ժɾû˵ˡ
ӣ۾Ķ˵СùãҲ֪Ҵδȥ磬ܺ˵˵ô
Ϊ˴£ҡЦЦĿ
ЩڵĶ㿪ߣתƻȣСùãʱʺϴĥǵʱ㻹Ƚȥԡҩɡ
ҡݸһЦż̲סһ졣
û´ĻֶӦ͵͵ȥ磬Ͼδ뿪ҵС磬ʹ粻ãһ̶ˮ޼֮ȣ׽ȷˡ
̤ʯڣȻƾն˸ˮҩأɫҩɢһɹŹҩ㣬ˮ»ʱðݣ¶ˮ͡һôŵĶҺаúܡ
֪岻¿Цҡ⼸Ϊ׽Ū
ŻɫҩҺ˰ΣҩڣϵԾеһ̾ʧ
˻ҩڣҡⰵһ浽׼˶ٶҩδҲ̫ǿ˰ɣôѾСɣȻоԼһӶס
Եҩ֫ٺ·ڿɣַ·ɡ˺Ⱦһ֬ɫ˫նͮͮһƬϲ֪ˮǺˮ˳޷ε°ͣҩڡ
֪ΪΣԽʹӾԽûһĻĻǰ
ҹĪȥʱ˳ӣ⻹ΪԵʣ֮ʣǻ᲻´̽ȥǸط
ԣҡܿ콫ų죬ʱһἰӦԭ
ֻ⣬Ƿ;
벻ͨ£ҡ׿⣬˳ĹŹŮӡ˵δԼ£ǲ˵δԼӵٻͨӸʾ
һϢʾ޼֮رѣڶϢִʲô
ҡ˻Դ̾˿ΣҪĻΪܹ鲻ǿÿɿ
޼֮ԪŨνʥأ꣬Ҫص׽ȥĿⶸȻᶨϾսҲ֪뿪֮ǰµļ񷢽͵ôˡ
˳Ʊ޿죬ص׽֮жͷˡ
Ͼ޿׽걸鱨
֮ǰҪ̽̽ĵףܾƺ޿ԨԴ˵ĸǰйϸ
*
ʱһȥҡ޼֮سս֮⣬ʶ˼λ֧ˡսУҲһʼѹ˻ֻ֮һֱѯȴûлᣬƺǴμܿ
һ벻˭仹Ƕľ練֮£ҡŹ򲻸ˣܻᱻҵӡ
壬ҿˡ
qqҹɫУԼܿһӰ
Ϊζұܶһҹ齫ΧɵĺڰɢҡⲻĿɫӰ
üιʣΪξҶܶ
Ҫˣ̾˿Щίѵң
ҲǰҭҭЦõԴҿ壬⣬ףλ㣿
ҡ䲻קס֣ôߡЦе˵ȻˣֶŮɻΪҽ𣿡
ƫͷƳקס첲֣ЩΣʲô
ʲôʱȥ磿
ƺ˿üôһȥڼʮǰǴλ˳ּʯͷ˳ֽһ顭
룬Щȷ˵ԼƷ
ҡɫ΢䣬ôôϤʯͷĪ쾳ͨ鱮
Ե彫ɽΪ룬쾳ò޸Ĺ򡭡
ԲԣҡҡͷʵĲǴ¡
һȥʲôʱ򣿡
ɫ΢Щ⣬ϴôǾЩԶˣԼǶʮǰ
ʮ꣬Ҳйųڣ޿쿪ʼǰ
ʶ޿֮ҡĿεĶ뿴ϵɫ
ҡ⣬һ޵̾Ϣôãʵıɡ
ˣȻ֪Ҿͺ˵˵ա
ҡǰһԼѾɽɽǸ޼֮غһĵط
ָʯʣĵ˵ա
ҡԹ£
ʮ꣬Ѫȥ磬ʶһλŮӣͨŮӲͬѲϷ˼䣬ǿνһʡУ¶Щ֮ɫ
ҡɫ΢ĿԭǰԸ񣬹ֲ˵һʣԸƵˣͬɲһʡ
·֪չһֹϵɡ
λ޿֮ǰ֪𣿡ҡѵĿڡ
ǰǧҪʲôֵǽĹѪ飡
ɫ䣬˵ǰȷ֪ˡ
лҪ˵  ֱǸOrz˵õĲҲ.flag֮һᲹ
ģҪż޼֮صĸʱһ䣬Ů첇



147 
ҡ׼˼Щʣǡ, Ȼܴ޿, ǰΪӦ, ģ
ڵǰǰûиˡʵЩԿ, ǰʲôǽô£
Ϊʲô֪Щ֪Ͳˣ
û, Լѡת޵ġƺûпľ, ˵
ҡȻԼѡתޣ
ô棿֪Щĳٳ޷ѡת, ⷽľǷޡһ㶼ǲѲѡ, Ͼתһ˭Ҳ޷Ԥ£˵ǰˮ׼ﲻ
ʹת𾳵, ν˳ĥ𡣱֪ŵĴʼ˷, ֮Ҳ֪ת˶ٻأ˵Ѿˡ
ĳ̫ͣãôԼԼʼ޷еԵ, Ծתޡ΢, ϵɫϸ΢仯
УҡЩɻ, ΪʲôҪתޣȵȣУǸ˼ô
ΪʲôҪ飿еĶ, ȱʧϵԭһᣬΪûǣŻνѲԸ
ҡˡĳȱݣ磬ûġ
ô˵֮ӦûзۺݣǰӦòϲ塣ҡһȻôòƶ岻һ뵽Ļ棬е㵰ּۣͥ磬һҲ̼ۡ
ֻת֮պһҵİ飬ָʼԺԲƵ¾Ȼ̫ˡ
ûϳ㣿Ҳûϳǵһ޼֮أѵת֮仯̫Ϊûлָϲ˿⣬ΪҲûϳ
УɫĪ˵Ϊ˲ǰӰ죬Ӧȫ׼δϳҲֻЩɣֱ
תҡ⣬Ȼָʲôǿ޿֮塣
˵ȫ·ΪҡѡƾĶۣλãûô
ӽȻײ㣬Ѱ˻ѱƽģҲ׺ԣô档
ñ޿֮Ĳ֣·ȻǱ޿졣ǲ֪תΪͣ޿컹ڲƿ֮С
壬ϱӽʲôҡʡ
˵еı޿֮ޱȣλֻڴ˵еĴоȻǰ޿֮Ա𶼲֪֡
ġü΢󱡴³֡
ݣô棿Ȼ֪
һ󴮵ĻҡԺ
ڿݹǳ꣬ϿһţһбĵĴѹ޿ʱ֪˲򵥣
ġʯ诡С˵鹹׽ЊΪ˺Ӧӣ˵׾ԼһȤζôȡ⼸ֵˣиͬ㡪ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
´ģλɵʱϴ媵һᣬ̳λĲּ䣬ǹļ䡣Ϊйʱڷ̳˱޿죬ʱʶ塣
ԼǾ޷谭УתޣֲԼȱʧĲ㡣ת֮Ϊһֻͨĵһֱ͵Уֱ뿪޼֮
֮£֣뿪޼֮أһ뱾Դ͵硭
壬ʵ֪ҵĴڰɡҡһü
Ȼɽȡͨ鱮Ҳ쾳Ҳô֪Լ
ȻлɣƱػӹעεɽȷ̫ȣΪ֪Ĵڡ
Ȼ쾳һļ䱻˷סĴڲδ壻ΪԭԵʣ޼֮˽⣬˷޼֮ء
ɽȡͨ鱮ĿǴﵽˡ
һ˿󷽳ϵ
аɣԭ˶ĴڣҡЩӡȻʼڲ׽磬ôǻߣǾۿԼŮ/ֶŮ¿˰ڲԭӿˡ
Ȼ֮Уֻһֵ߲һĳƤңֻǹؼô
ƺҡ뷨΢º͵˵Ļǹעܹ࣬ǻǸ
ҡ΢ӣڴлһӡ
ھЩҲûʲô壬黳ע£ҡóö壬ʵܴ޿֮ƹܱ޿죿
ӹ壬׶ͷҲ̧Ĵ𣺡׼ȷ˵ĸ壬ĸ޹ֻǩܵõ޿ĳϣһǩĸˡ
ԭǿƱ޿֣ҡⰵԵͷ޹»һʼĹȻױ䣬ʱһģ϶ҪǯǵֶΡ
ΪǿԲҪֶΣתʯ뵫µƹܱ޿죬ʹˡ
ĸô죿Ҫ֪ǿʳΪ磬Ϊûȴ챦ԭ
ΪĶǺõģЦҡҡͷָһ㣬帡һҫ۵ĽɫΣһɺϢΪԲģɢ
ǹϢƵҡǰʱ֪Ϊ˲ɢʹҡҲһֻһСС壬ϢȻͨҪǿǲС󴥣˵Сûˡ
صģˣ㡣
Ѿˣҡһɻõ̽һ⣬û
ЩֶΣֻض֮ˣûйͣ廹ȥҪƹܱ޿죬ȥѰ޹£һϵӦֵΡ
ҡͷȻǶԵġԱ޿ô˽⣬еǷǣ嵽׶ԣǰĵױʲôĸ飿
*
ҡҲûʼĿ漰֮ĸݸἰ
οɣ鲻֪٣ЩҲûʲô塣
Ҳ֪鵽ȥĶ׷ǵӦòδҵټ
üܾԼʲô
˭п֪Ϣɾλ࣬Ͼ൱ĴߣΪ죬׽һ
ͼλǲܣ⣬ʯͬԴ˵ĸӦ
뵽λĸͬԴʯ诣ͬΪ֮һʯӦҲȱʧ⣬̫飬ֱΪĵ
ֱǲʿ״̬
ȵȣδĵڶĻֻ֣ģڶ仰ǲڰʾ£
˵ֻôѵа£δܱ⣿
лҪ˵  ܵˣһпԣڽŵĸϰУĩûмӸǸһᲹӣŲһǧorz
Ծͷż˹СɰһӸŶôô



148 
̫٣²͸ġֵڰʾЩʲô, Լʱδ, Ҳһʱ, ܹ׵һ졣
ֻ޼֮شôãҲʱóȥ, ҡⰵ⡣
ɷ׽Ѿȥʱ䣬ԼǵΪȹľڡʱ䲻˵尾ͣȴҲú, иͨ, ʵսҩԡ˳һ, ֱȴǰѧʱҪš
Ҳųж, ȻѻѾ㹻ľʵΪȻ̫ͣӳԶǺ, ûżΪ, Ĺ̾硣
Ϊ࣬ʵսǰȲͬնѻʱ˸̨ס
ΪԽ, ֮ͬԽ, Խ׶սʮ, ҲӮһλͨ񣬵Ȼܵ񾳾ûͨġҡⲻ𶦾֮£ͨĽ𶦾ӦòĶ, Ϊһ£ԼҲܽſ¡
ûôͣ
ʵô죬ѻսι⣬ʶڵǵĹ͡Դ϶ΪһסԼʶڣʱ޿̲Ӱʱշ
ʱշȻʱռ䷨˵ǧ;ͬ飬Ȼǿ֣֮ʱ֮ռ֮ǰСҡΪʶеʱ֮УڣרѰ˺üʱռͨС
ҲΪʲôںڣǿսƽֵԵʡʱշѰľ̫߳࣬һپҪߣʩչšɲͨպڳ嶼вĿ
ͨԽе棬ҡԽеİԵͿֲ֮ʹڲǳգҲöΪɲĹٻʱ㹻սˡ
ɲǰʱ䣬ʵȴ޲Ͼ𾳼޾ǰʱãôȱΪĳ
ͨе㹻ϾϣЧ嵱ʱ˵ġ
ǿͨȻƣͨƷ׹ߣΪϣʩչ˲ԪЧȱ㼸ԺԲƣȫԵѹ׵ɱﵡ
֮ҪǿʩչΪ֪̫ͨ波ʩչ֮ʱδӳҲ뿪ֻ̫ڡɲǹⲨȻ֪Ҫʲôʱ
ҡջ˼ķҪϢҲú͸¶ˡ
ö·б̻ˮʵķǵ͸ļ񻯳ɵģЩϵ볹շٵõȺüꡣ
һĶ˲ʧʶڶһش
޼֮ȣԪ㡢ֲȱȽǣΪһǧʵǾ޵ĺȥ뿪ʥı𹬼ؾ鸮Բ⣬ʥĹʾһҪȥġ
Ͼпλķ/һ뵽Щסʥı𹬣˵벻ջ
*
Ҫ˵һãֻҪɽռ乻ҵװ£ʮַ㡣ҡ޼֮յٺöЩյԺѹûʰһȦõͳͳʱȤĶһһ۹򣬾ȻѾ쵽δʱˡ
սûƽ羵ĺ汻紵壬Բơҡűɫĺˮ̧һΣ˼ƬԴҶӣҶưСմժ˿˿Ƶĺ⡣
һӽҶԭƮƮҶ̼·лˮУһ̼˶ˮ档
ʲôս
ҡһУ׽ʯ̧ۿԿ㣬ҪҪ
սüȻʲô
㲻ûԹɣҡ飬Щţ̿ûԹĻǾ͵ѧѰɡ
ϾϰߣûҲЩҰζ޼֮Ԫ棬ϣԭ֭ԭζĿ㶼ζ֮ǰ̫һԣбײɹһöԻ
սӰȥ٣һζûǳԶ˴ʲô⣬ҲûʲôȤϾϵ˱ٹȣҲνᾳֻҪڼʮ겻ԶҲˣܶѽ˿ڸ֮
ҪȥģսȻĴΰȥϸ˿֮ˣ޳Ȼ޶֮ˣһӾе˼
ҡָһ㸹ʩ͸ɾͷҲ̧˵뿪޼֮أȥ硣
Ҫȥ磿սһ˿ɫ
ʱһŽµͯ˹ﱧһ֦滹һֻϬ
һˡ̫ĽĶ¡
ʮȥˣģ˿δ䣬꺢ͯģǴڱǰ˲٣ƤëˮĶ·⣬м޵ƣҲ֪ЩԻȣ͵˶ٺö
໣үҪԿ㣡
ðɣֻҪһòƾòƶʱһ
ҡкֻ£תͷս񣬹ѽսѣӽˡ
⿴ȻһЦɫ·װһԵˮΪһ⡣ò޲սһȴʶ˵á
ԽԽΣգ֮ĵ
ҡû飬̫һ㡣ԼˣΪ˸ľ˰Ժ϶˻ˡ
Ԫѷڳȥ˷ʱ䣬αأսͷӸµĶŶڵϵˣɻʡ
Ѵľϵ濾ҡĵʵȥô
ȥһΣȤüȻӡǺܺá
սΪʱ͵͵ȥһ磬ϰ޼֮صԪϡֱܣɻ˼ڣȤܿͻˡ
ҡͷãȤ
޽롣սһ£һ˿ȵĹ⡣
ҡá֨֨ð͵㷭棬⻰һ飬޽Щȥ̫ħ֮أ˶ȥ
ͨ쳹صħʹȥ꣬ѹҲǳˡοôеʬһЩǰ϶֣ҪǽȥСʲôͬΪ̫ħԼ;Ȳشˡ
Ȼǲħɻսӡ
һԽ޴ӰڼͷֻһͷɫĹųৡһ·ɹ
ڴֱµ˲䣬С˲ݵһſɰë
һֻŷĲҡֽ̧౽סѻڶͷ౾ͷֿˣ֮󼸲ʱһʱֿڵʱ򣬷Ѿֳ
е㲻˼౱ȳѻֳ֮սֱΪ졣
ĿǰΪֹǴ򲻹ֳķౣǸ˾ɥϢ
ǴִƵĿٵսǰҡ̧̧°ͣ԰ɡ
ͿɽλԽеıϱűԣûһۣԼһɱϢһҧȥ̣㡣
ڿһ˵嶼⡱Ĳ˼γԡ
̫꼸õ͸ս񣬽ԲԼͬ۰ͰţɵһͲϲԣα˷ѣ
սüѵûоܾΪѵĽӹĿ㡣
СùãԶʳֲңһڵӲԶ
飬һҧסһպõ㡣
лҪ˵  սϷɾ˲٣ܿˣ´β֪ʲôʱʱţżһ



149 
Сùã㵱Ҫȥ磿ҧһڿ, Աߵ, ۾ȴĶŻϵһ㡣
ֻһֻѸײڶ֮, ǡһֻ׶ǣ, һӿɽƽֻȴ˻һʹջ֡
ֻĺȻһ㡣
һһѾڵ, ̻ʵꡣ
Ϊ, ߵֻԲëƽƽ棬ͷǵǲϡ
˵ЩΪŵر, ˵׻, Ϊȸ֮Ķ֡ڻڶʳ֫һ, Ѳ, ֻҽҡ⡣
˽㣬ֶܹӣԴСǿ
, Ե, ҡЦЦƳһ, Żشոյ⣬Լ⼸ա
Աߵ̫˿üЦ˵ڿԳȥˡ
ô, 𣿡̫Ļҡʮֲ죬޼֮ؿ˵ʥأν̫أ֪˼Ȳ뿪
̫üãһ
ʹΪֻͣɽתƣʼ껹ãһʮ꣬ʲôˡ֮ڼڱչأһɲǿ췢ùˡ
˵ģ⣬ѵڵʼղһԲԵսؿ˫Ŀ磬ʹ𾳵ѹûйѹһ
̫꼫ûĺһ¶ҡ
ûˣȥץҡһǰЩա
ָɫ״Ʋĵͷתȥץ㡣
޼֮ص˶ĸоܸӣһ濴磬һ汻²ȥʢ淴»ãǿǹһǡһǶĹ۸иӸӡ
ĳܳȷһ
ȥ
̫Ļû˵Ҳǡô޼֮ееǸ񾭣սû̫ʲôֻǶҡ˵һ죬ĳ㵽˺ֵز
Ϊѹľޱվԭء
д⡣ҡⱾʹһĳɹںԥĴӦ
˾վţȶ֮ǰƴľǡơǳƱѹ»ûʹˡսġơޱǿƣֻվǶ죬ħ٣ѹ˴
ǰǰҡ⣬϶ѾǵصѹôĥʯҲЩοһ
໥ΧһεĿ磬˵ΧԶľӿزΣǳ߶ˮеҲϰ⶯յˮζš
Ѿٽ֮ʱҡȶˣ˪һƽƽʽսͨĶȴŴɲζʹս𾳵۹ҲҲ
ͬʱɷٵγɵȻԷսȻΪѹ£ϻ𣬷ٵȻκβЩ鷳ǿԵġ
սû˪ϾǼƷɽʹ**ǿҲдֱֽһ
ֻ΢΢̧֣һ˴ӡӭȥӡֲס˪һֻҪӼϢʱ㹻ˡ
ڴʱһɼɲĲ֣ȴҡͷŹȥķٵ۵
սһƽսһ֮档ӲӵĻȼգս١
ٵΪ𣬶Եͽ׵ѹã̫ɻ潺ţһʱ䵹Ҳ¡^

գۼ䣬ѾϰС
ƽʱԽԽ˷ܵսղ֪أĪһ˿˿ȻݼţȴıҡȻȻʱ񣬵ֻܷŹ
׼ʱҡὣһĲ
һ˰֡ҡ⽣ָԷҪд˷ܵĹ⣬۶սдһ˿ãȻ֮ɫϺȻһϸ΢˺ۡ
û뵽һӮսҡֺЩţõĳɼǴƽȻ˵
û°ɡ𽣣ҡ֪ʡ
սҡҡͷȴЩ⣬δˮľһۿ׷
һʼδУȴĹ۲١ƽĶۣΪñá
㲻ַ̧ȥϵѪ飬аâ˿е
һԹۿǾ°ͶҪˣûмǴĻսһαͬܡȻδñСùȴʹһѼƷɽսʵʵ𣬼ϼƷɽ˲ǿࡣ
ողǷˮСùþԶսӣ˵ǣ޼֮صһû¡
һ£ǡ
ȻԼģ˾ˡսޱ룬Ȼ̫ã¾ϡ
лҪ˵  ʧչߣ뿪޼֮_(:١)_



150 
ޡǡ
¥һ¥ɢɢ˼ˡ
˵ǰնɽٳɹѾԪԲ, һɾľˣŵ, һȥĶڵ۵Ķͬ˵
ͬ΢΢һ, ԪԲʲô˵ƻǰѾɹľˡ
˵ƻӡǰ˵һ, Щɵʣǵ쾳ڻõڶλŮޣ
λЩǳ˷ͷ, ɢߵһ, ˭Ҳ벻һͬ콾Ҳֻŵ۵λʦֲǿ׷ΪպΪʮǰǼµ͵, Ҳ֪ΪΣͬһ
˵Ǽλ, ʧҲô꣬Ҳ֪ںδġĶ̾ﲻѣ仰û˵, ֮ʮԡ
Ļ, ̲סǴĸɽģӵϢ֪飿
λѣµȷƹض, »˽⡣ĶЩȻ
ͬһЦ, ļ, ֣ɡ
˵⻰ɫһ, ־η֮ӳʧǹȼŵ۵̫ϳҲ㲻ټ˵λ̫ϳΪ˻˷ɡ
˲ã˵˿Ǹطһλϴڣȥ˹ȼҺŵۣԺȻȼ滹δɵϢȼȴһ겻Ҳһǧɣ㱻޳ĴУ˵ǼҾ͵ŹȼϢ
Ķɻ󲻽⣬Ǹط
ͬ΢΢ͷҲѹ˼֣ǽء޼֮ء
ͫ΢˶ٲŵ˵ӽ޼֮أĴΪ
˲²⣬ӱǳǸطǰ˲ʼį˵ӵ츳ͻҲ֪ο
ָָĴߵǿþòɢɫǵʥĻն񷣣׽δš
ָſ֮ʱȻ߽һŮһͯ»ͷ˸ߵϬޡ
˵ӣΪķ㣬ɫϵǹʣ޹飬Բλࡣ
һţõʧˡ
ԵͯҲüΪ£׺ֹһͳһλŮӣʳ⣬һԼΪƽǲסĳࡣ
¥ӭ͵ĻǰڵӭƣλӺλӣ롣
ôңͯ죬Ż»ơ
æЦλСӣҲ룡
ڴүأǰ˸ߵϬ޲ʾĿڡ
ƻδ˵λòƽƽİŮ̿ˣλү׽Ūˡ
ƫͷƣҪһż䣬·ɡ
˵ͨŮӵɤӵ˾һѣС̣Խ·֧ëڶӡ
ʱҴһλ۵ӣִЦ¥ڱǷֵĹ£λ¥롣
ŮɨһȦĿɨһӰʱ΢Ҳ˵׸ϹµĽŲ
ͬĶһ޸һȥ˶¥ż䡣
ȼ˵Ӱʧڶ¥սǣ½˵
Ǻʱµûܱȵϡ
ֻԹڵģ֪Ǽ˲򵥣ոսλΪɲ⣬
˻

֣ôˣͬһʼĶޡ
û¡Ŷ¥ķ򣬰ڰֵ
*
¥ż䡣
֪λЩʲôһǫĿӡ
۰ŮӣСùá
СùһĿĳֱһŲһЩԾǰŮϷ·һɴ￴ģ塣
ŵӿ˺üۣٵͷȴȫǲĳࡣ
ֵ֪ӿͷʱù±ðһ亹λֻ¶ľΪǵĶ
Ʋͳͳһ飬ܽôҡֿãĵʵ
µԱȸոոӹϴźЦݵӿǹٹص¥ܽ¥Ʋ֮һȻҲеġ
Ҫһ񴺡ҡûлشĻַԸ
λԵȡ£ȴмֲ²⣬ޱȽϳѲģ
ߺȲ˵СùãǼ˵Ŀ棿˵治ǰ硣
Ӧǡҡ΢һüֵЩһʮʮ٣ˡ
˵޼֮صڶ麣׽û֪Ŀȼ治׽磬һȼӦò١
СùһȥĶҪҪҲȥһ˹ȼңһԾԾԡ
ҡĿ⵹ùӴû磬ʲô棬ڻ顣ϧ޼֮ص˳ţص͵ٵ͵ȻһСıԣ˭á
˳֮ǰôģ
Ǳ𳤱׼ͨħʱû뵽׼͵͵һͱץסˡ
ֶûĿͲˣ֮󷢴ȱȻҪԼ£һǲ£СùõĻСùõĻ
֮ԺʵʵĻ
棬ʱˡ
ҡ̲סﴽǰһĨʱǲ˿òġɴʧˡ
гһСʱ֮йأֻҪǱΪ̫߳࣬˭ǲĳࡣ
ĿǰЧ
Ҫȥģε̾˿ִһѹˡ
ҡŪҡҡͷʱȴһȦ֮Ժٸ㡣
ص׽֮ޣΪ˷ɽļʥ𹬣ʱûž⼸졣
ѡڱмԭ򣬲û뵽һλˡ
ոڴŵһˣǵϬؾףҲԭҵǸùһΪĲ֣ûбͬķǶᱦɱ䡣
ûĻڵʵΪˡ
ʮʱ䣬ӿڵĸ󾳽磬츳Ϭؾı֣Ǻߡ
һȦҡܿʲô޹أйһ֮Եİ˰ˡ
޿죬ɿĲ鿴Щ׽緢ִ¡޼֮زñ޿죬ʮ緢һŲ֪Ψһ֪ϢǸոڴİԡ
ԿһЩĴ£ҡɫȥΪһӵ̾Ϣ
ûʮ꣬׽ɾʷ׳ʣӾʡ
㷽ҵǳȤ



151 
޿Ϣڶ࣬, ಻ʵϢ, ҪԼαÿ޿ܽڷĴ, Щչس˵һʱ˽չڼ䷢¡
Ϊ׽Ӵ鱨޿ṩϢȻʵšȻ, ޿ҲǴãҪϸ鱨Ҫ֧Ӧı꣬鱨ԽϸҪıԽࡣ
ҡ⵱ȻǮ, ˼ǰȤϢ, ֱϵĲ˶뻹ûǼ¡
Դö񷣽조ͱơ׽Ǳ򱻴, ֮, ׽ʽ˴Ļ
ȵһذը.ħը뿪׽粻úħԨһλӰħֵޡ
ħ°λħ֮һ, ħ, ħ٤Үħ⣬λħѡػħԨ٤ҮѪħħʡҡʱ, ͸¶ħԨб, ŸϢ
û뵽, ޸մħԨ⼸ʮھ齨һλħʵ
󲻾ãħ廹һ Ѫħ幫ɡ
Ѫħ幫һ, ȻҲ޷ħĳξ
ξΪħӣѪħ幫֪ΪξȻȻѳħðŴ踵ķͶ˺ޡ
λħħ£һ־ͽħȷѪ꣬ƽƾħ沿µΪѸһλħܹƵķΧ⣬˵һӦħǰȥͶ
ҡ֪һЩħ飬浱޾˼Ŵ̡ԭݣλħºܿǸǰվģĿľΪħعơ
ħ˴󶯾ʱǱҲм·
ŵ޳ŵɵʵ̫Щŵۿ۵ɣϼ͸ŵһ񡱡
ʵ˵еϵΪ׷Ϊת˵ע˵˺޵Ϣ͸¶һ£ŵ۴йĩھͿʼƵǼ깤
һŵ۵Ʊؽﵽµĸ߶ȣⲻɺͼ岻ԸģҲ޷ʵǡ
Ƶؼʱ̣ʱȼֲ׽磬ŵʧȥһλֻҪɵ֪ʱֹ깤ʱ
¹ŵ۵ҵ߻ܣҪ֪λȻ֮ѡҲи©꣬ǾƳɹ֮ʱ٣ŵۼʹСҲ§ס
ٳ֮ټ¶෽ΧŵۡԼŵ۽ߵһ죬ΪĲֲ㹦ܴɡͷһλ֣һʧܵܣŵǼ˶ⶵԴڳƳɹ
ǼΪӡ˵зӡء߸Ǭ֮
ŵۻɣ˵Ǽĵȴ֪Ϊһֱûжƺ׼׷
λͻȻֵ޿鱨ûᣬЩĪ̬޸ҲԼּͬĬλ˵˷롣
ŵЩͷβҲһ޾ƶĴ¡
£ǿ˵Ǻеٰ¶˽켫ڰŵ۰Ϣ黨Ƿֵʱ黨պΪһƷ켫ԼΪ͸¶ϢɳͻӾ磬ֱƷ󸽽ˡ
ɵӶ֮ʣƷȻӿϼɹ˲æǰȥ鿴ɸ߲ȷһƵ
йʱڳ̫ѹ˵
˵Ҳɣҡ̫ŻЩԨԴеõɽ䣬̫ŵ̫ϳУ˵̫űȺСƬɽУõϢײС翪ʼܻ
һأǰ᾵ٽ壬򶷵λֳֵı᾵
Ĺĩھʹڵ̶ȲԶȻֻǰ᾵ƬҲһɱȡ
ǿģ黨켫ڡɷħȺɢˣɷħȵıǹħ壬ɢ˹˼ɢɵһɢˡ
ʱħھ󶯵ħϾ˼֮£ɢʵҪ黨켫ڡ
ɢȻûв֣ȴ˲С黨켫۶ˣȴɣ˭Ҳ֪˭ˡ
ɻ໳ǶԷ˺СɢҲִѹ
˿֪ҡȴԼȥԭǱŮ
ҡ黨ֵ͸¶켫ڵϢʹŽҾǰͼ黨켫Ըǰͻϧɶ࣬ȴΪ¡
û´ǱˣϾǰгڻʮþȡ
ⳡĶ黨Щʼ½һɡɣ˽ʮನɢ
ЩæʱһԭСȻչڶ֮ʱǸСѾվ˽Ÿ
СΪڣʮʱ䣬һֻмʮ˵ĲСɷչΪһǧ˵ĶɡȻո𲽵ԶȲ黨⼸ɣǵıȴò˲Ŀ
׽ңԲ㣬ڶصߵ׼ȷһĵλȻڸֶûУȴٲȻ˶֮׵ļơ
죬ȻպøһƬ֮ʱĳƷչȻûڸ֣ȴ˼λɽٵһλߴϹϵλһʱ䵹Ҳȹ̡
ټмĹ͡ڱٰ¶ˣ黨ץסڵλųϣǸδ£ٽݵȥ
ͻʱµļ壬Ҳûڴû뵽ڣ˵λųϵǸ˲ţǵһҵټˡ
ѡڱŵԭ֮һǵԼλųڴ˵档
޺ΪĶҲһСƶ޵Ĵ£𶯳̶ȱȶ֮¸
ŷѳڣȻһ칲ͬ棬ں϶ΪһعţڷΪΨһķӡ
˼ʮķţĺϲʵ𾪡ϹʱڣҲһѬ죬պգ󣬷ŷΪڣǰҲûָϹʱٹ⡣
ںϲʵڽ˻ʲôΪ֪顣
ҡڵӡ󣬻ͣڿݹǳǳȥŵ۵ĽƣѹûӡҲ֪ںϲͿݹǳǳǷϵϾ·ʱеò롣
лҪ˵  ڰǰһЩʽˡ
³ܣʱһӸģȭ
PSƻǵϬؾŮһܽӴǸþ



152 
ʮǰһַδΪЩĶӰֺܲмݳĿ, ˡħȫ, ˺гĳԼֻ޵ĳǳزܼ
༸μͬ, ްǿŷн, ̸ֻ治̸壬Ʃ黨ڼ壬мħ塣
ֱ΢, ı족ĵ˶, гһ׽緢սָԴ
ҡ޵ġͳÿɷ, µȷز֮, ȻͼʥҲﶺʥ޷ɽһ𹬡
һֵζ£ǳ, ΪŮЯһ޳, ΪŮĳûн
޳ƻһΪѹ콾޴һطͷϾռõԴ, ų׽縹, һֻѹʿķ, ⻹һһѹһˡ
Ȼ޵ӳͬΪڣʮǰƻֵ֮Ϣ÷зʹСϢʱ, Ҳϲһʵӳˡ
˵ʵҡ֪ϢʱҲЩȡԭΪԼѾˣû뵽Ҳضãԭн죬ӳˡ
ڽŲи
ӳһĶ޶ռԴһ΢ĵ⣬ֵüʿԱӳ·һѹһδû༸ƶ
༸̫ûгѹ콾ˣһһ꽫׽췭ظǰ׽һˡʯ诣ȤǣһγֵĵصҲޡ
ޣʲôرĵطϾԴ͵λã޸ʤһ
ҡ˼ý⣬ʶĴãԭĳֻ˼ʱõĶҲ֪ʱȾˡ
ʱ⴫΢춯ҡ΢
űƿһ˽֮Ƭʧ񣬲Ҳ֪ʲôܿͻָ
ҡڴǰ˿εĴˣԪӤڣΪ׷黨ˡ
˵ֻڴƳţ겻ӣӷɸʤ
ȷǶ겻ûüϲųϽΪԪӤһӣżڵĸߵԲǰ£ʾҲ¡
Ϊ˼λڵųϣ֧ǣƻڸںԺ
ԥƬ̣档
֪кηԸ
ӵ˵硣ֺǿҵֱǰ֮˲ǣò׼λʲôֻܽѯʡ
֮ǰ£ĲҡϵĲŴݵĵ˱衣
ǳɫһֻɰɫ֣ʮָ񣬰۵÷·ᷢ⣬εΡ
ЩѵıۣһҪлΣ֪ǼϢ
Ǽ£ҲӳɾڣȻҲ޷ǼλɽٵôǷ顣
ҾٰһѡҡЦ˱裬Ƶǰ
ӲϸñƻͷǰĲյʣ֪Ӵ˻ν⣿
ʱڳΪ޵ĶţųûȤҡģ·̸۽
⻰ͣһ˲˲üɵ̧ͷӿ¿Ц
ЦôҡݸһЦдŵĹ⡣
ŵȴü²ӣֻڵ̫ǳ뷢չΪһţҲ꣬οŲ׳󡣡
ҰĲǽڷչΪһţŲǹʵеģϾŵֻǼҪλҪ֮һ
һŻʱ䷢䶯ʷϳв׽Ĵ󶯵Ȼżѱ
Ϊŵĵ̣
ûе̣̫أҡϾĶ豭һڡ
Ȼ¥õ裬˽ҪԶˡ
̫ţΪͫ΢ѿڶ
ҡУ˹˵Ϊ̫յţһ˱ŵĴк͵ͳ̫š
ǰֻԼмģ뷨ֱӽʮڷչΪԼ¶ĽѺںϡ
̫ôණͦ˼ģȻҪʲôûʲôؽ̫ŸõıҲߵԸԤУ¶Ժмĺô
ʹûԤУͶڶҲûл̫ŵЩط˷ѣóһµĶšǡã̫ɫҲ֮ܲǡãӼеҪչһ㹻ǿ
ں̫ţ˵ġᡱ
ӵ˼ǣ̫ŵĴУӵĺ˼֣ɬĿڡ
ǡҡȡö򣬷ŵϡ
СĽ̽򣬴һϱ仯Ī˺һĬƬ̣ʹ̫ŵĴУҲزס
̫ΪйųţǱ黨켫ڻҪԺǿţĴв˭סġڲǶɣǴ̫ŵĴУһ¾ͻᱻ˺顱
ΪΪһ̫ŵĴУ㹻黨ֶų֡
ʱܱѣҡĵͷҪ̫ŵĴкϴӦҪúÿǿˡ
һתܻܲסУ㲻صģҵĶֻ벻ûܶߣ˲ҪߣҪĳЩ׼ˡ
ǰ˵⻰û뿪޼֮֮ǰ˵ȥ֮ʲôҲع˼ɣʲôš
ʾ޼֮ذ֧һ붼ڹע޼֮ضĺܡ
ֺٻĸоҪ̫á
һʮǼ£Ԫ棬ַ󵨵оӦ˸ˡ
Ǵ棬˵󻰣Ǹطˣȷʵе˵ⷬ
ӣЩȥĿ޼֮ءԥƬ̣Щʡ
ҡûȷش𣬶һģɵ̬ʣųϾأ
۾˸ûոյ⣬һʲôҪ󣿡
ʹ˵ʡҡȻһЦһҪ̫ŲڣһųϸոҲˣڶ´μ뻻һƺųϻųΣ
죬úǳĬ
²ųϿԻȥú룬´μٸҴ𸴡ҡе˵
ߴߣôõĻ᲻ץסԶֻǶɡֻҪɵڿ϶Ӧ
ӣӦӦˡ
ˣ⼸һЩӢȥɽתתɫ΢
ȻҪԼˣкôȻġ
лҪ˵  Ǹе㿨ġ¾ȥɽˣ



153 
ɽɽΧǵͻƽԭ, Ψһɽεض, һݺݲ., һ֦ļơҴɽɽվɽѾΧ, һ̽ƲʹǳҲĿ
ɽΪɽ˵ɽʵֻ·, ˵Ϲʱڴڴˡɽֵù, һȻٴ˵أƺƴ쳹, ƫƫʱϢ, ·ëƮƮפڿտƽҰֱ
־İɽ֮ܣ޷
ʿɽ̽, ʧɽ֮²ر, ͨɽеĴ뱻סɽϣȥȴҲûܳ
дߴƺȴ˶ҲֻǸ˲ɽɽ, ԷɽƺסĲȴǻĪ
ֵԴλߴһ, ɽɽϾ͹ر, ν谭ڣȥֻ޹
û취οͨˡûɻ, ö֮ɽҲȻɽӣż·˵أ֪ɽ˵ĳôɽ̸ͬŪʶ
ʱȺڷɽϢһ̴װA״󺺣ͼӴ׵Ľɽ˵Һɣ컨׹
ǷɽȥôһλŲԶ۵Ĺ·壬ʡ
񶼽ȥߵһĶڻǲҪ˼ˡһҡҡͷƺ˿
ü˵ԵĻŮӴϡ
ˣǱ˵컨׹Ƿɽֻͨɽûʲôÿġ
мִҳƣһ޵·𱻱ס˼Լͬı졣
ոջϲA״󺺣ЩεĴӣٺٴꡣȻŮһ䲻ΪߵģȴȨˡ
Ƕ㣬˵⼸췽ɽвͬѰĶŮԱߵķŮȴ̨
Ůüɵʮһ˵֪ģ
޿ѽŮӾ䣬ոһ˵ڷɽ󡣡
Цһ޿ĶҲţ
ôţŮӵȻ²ĶԻŮ˵㣬ȥ˵ܷʲô
ʮһ˵ĲȥǱ߿ǰ
Ůɨˣǵ飬ȻĿһĳ
༸˼ĶԼͬ˳ķȥ
һһŮȻӳŮҲۣʵڳ̫ۣؼڳ˾ܿ͸Ϊ
ԱͬŰµŮӣһۿȥɫǣվڰȴ˿δᡣ
˭ŮĿתĿǸӣʶ૵
»ݡϾʱ˿̣ȫϵڶİϣȴС
ʮһģ
һǳըװڷŮӶը죬ŵûһ飬˲ѹ
־˱ܶȹħ٣ŮӲĳȴʶԼҲһ˲ʧ
һߵҡɫŹֵĶ粻޼֮Ϣ㻹һɡ
Ϊȴǹ˵»һ
ƾΪȻҲǱߵĻȺһۣеϢ֮䣬òȻɳڣȴһǰʧ̬
СùãɽйŹ֡ǰĹ·壬Ŀ¶֮ɫΧ˸󣬲ŵ
ҡĳһʣ㿴ʲô𣿡
ԭзɽܵûн⿪ֻ֪żʥ𹬣ܿһ֮ϲ
˵ͷƬ̲ԥ˵ƺɽ
ʲôطҡ۾һɽǷ壬ѵԭĵط
תһ룬ɽϹžйŲųִδôۼɽ
Ҳǵˡ
ʱոȺǵķ
ճӵܣʶ˿ɽûסһ
ҡЩĿȺˣ¥޵Ǹżң
ʾ⿪󣬲ŵ¥żң
żֻλڣʵճһȻǴүգֻͨһ壬ûʲôż侭Ʒ¥ޡ
¥Ʋҵżһ˶Ĳҵ絤ҩȡ˵۲ƸҲżҸļ塣
żҲԣʵ̫ܷչĵزͶ޵Ķ켫ڡ
Ϊ˱켫ڣҲΪ˼켫շż׬ʯ󲿷Ҫš
仰˵ʵżҾ켫ڵһǮӡ
¥ȷϲҵ״ҡ϶˼ۣ˻Դϴż
ҡһĶھȻԼķ£Ϊߣѵ
ԭУڷɽγֵļʥУһӵܵõһԵⳡԵ켫ڱ죬ż֮
ĿתżҵˣȻһŮӣģһ飬ʺһЩ̬켫ڵǸ
żҵӵܵǳԵȴλŮϣλǿߣΪԸӲ۲䣬󲻿ɱ
ʲôҡ⿴ŻŮӣȻʵ
ͻأʻЩòŮӿ۲Ϊ΢΢üżжű
ҡⶢ˺üۣ˵ߺȻһϤİ졣
һԳʻƥѩ׵ԴNNڲԶ
ǹŮӿ־ԵԳק˵䡣
˶û֪ʶü۾ȴǼܳ
Ůһĵбǹݣ֪ûʶ
·˵˰㣬Գͣȣ˼ˡ
һźڰ׶ɫĵۣӵλԪӤˣ֮Ϊ˾ֱҡǰ
ҸýеųϻҡջؿԳĿ⣬ЦĿǰˡ
ǰ֮λĵش
ҡЦЦû˵ƫͷһˡֻˣһű£òһľΪվԵӣòΪӢɲ⣬Ӧ
Х⣬ڼλ˵еˡò˵༫ѣһϮ´ذζ־ɫ֮۾ʣĸ֣һɡ
ײ£˭˭ΡȻͳϱߣһȣºөĲࡣ
ż⣬ƺó֮ʣԳڵÿʩʩȻ߳



154 
һֻÿӣԳڵ¶һ˫ĺ, ۾̴̵ֱȺеİŮ, Ŀתĳ, ɫ˳Ŀ⿴ȥīüɲһ£
һ, ɫָ̬ʩʩȻӳ߳ɨһ, ͣԱǸδı֮ϡ
ǹмŮʶĺ, Ȼ󣬵ڳ˭ǶĿ֮, һͺ˸ոնݵĳš
űšü˵ʮһ, ߵǰճϣŹ׿, Ȳ, յüȻ鴫
Ӽ屳ǣڳ֮żкҲͻأ
ջĿ΢΢׻, ûѵĴ, תͷļȥ, Ȼڴ˴Хѣ֪λҪȥδ
Ӽʮδ¶棬û뵽վڴ˴Цӹ, ȴûлش⡣
ҡգգۣʮû¶棬ֲñ޿ûϢ⻰ĿͦƵģҲԴס
Ǳƺĵ죬ҡⰵƲƲ죬ջߡ
ԭʱ⻹ûģھȫˣ˵ģϹġ
Ů⣬ĲĶˣ֪Խ̸ξǶҡɨ˵ΪԪԲҿʱ䲻̡
Ȼнָǲһ˵츳黨̣ȴǰԪԲ
һɽΪ˶֪ʥ𹬲ݴ
ĲᣬǱĽۺ죬޼֮˼ʶ˶üʥƴ֣ر㡭Ŀ֮һȥ㡣
˵ԭ̸ڷɽļʥڣҲ˵ǰ̸֮ء
ҡʶ̸ȻɫīԼǹĳЩõĻ䡣
ĿⲻΣԷܿͲԼϵߣҡĿ⣬̸һ˿ɻǰλǣ
ҡһת΢΢ѹɤϧĴ
ϵǵСΪļ⣬ʣµ˳֪ݵ⣬ֻпܿݡ
ôû¶棬û޳ĸӦӦò²οǱˡ
̸ĻȻֻüɵĿۺٿڡ
˵̽ڳΨ𡪡ݣһҪ˵ģҲʶȤĲٶԡ
ڳڹ岨ˣڷɽϢżӵܸ㲻״⣬Ĳ˸ɽ´Ⱥ׿ڡǳ˸տʼɨҡһ˿۷綼ûķƺûϳ
żҵ˼ڳ˵ľٶܲҲƾڳ˵ݻΪԼײʲô¡ؾбＴ֮Ⱥܲд
ʵǿСùãֻսһսŵȴĹƳһϮµļ⣬ҡ⴫
ҡ˵ͷԭͼ޼֮أдһսϵһλ𶷷ƬΡȻԭûǸսϵ˭붼֪˾ս
Ҳһʤ
Сùã˭Ϊ̫곤һģһĿŹֵĵʡ
ҡƫͷ۲Զˣ΢³֣ʶ
˳飬ǾƭôʱҪúÿСùãлᵽһˣӦþǰΪ塣
û뵽ôǸˣҪθСùãнӴĻᡣ
֪˶ãɽȻһ˿΢Ĳͬʱ֪ǲϢ©½½мȺ˸
ֳİգֻǲڲΣߺʶȤΧ
µվλõλ÷ֱҡ⡢ռݣʵǿˣٴξڡԽ̸˺ӵܣǺˡ
ʵĶԱһࡣ
ɽ𶯵ĶԽԽûһɽһɳϹ⡣·¡¡мѿչһɫʯףʯƣ֪ͨδ
Ⱥ˾ѣ⾪УǰѾ̤ʯףߡ
ʯ׳һʱ󣬺ܿʧˣҲ˵û˵ûˡ
˵ʯϵЩŹ֣ʧȥãҡܿͺʧɢʱ֪֮·ֻܶߣҲͰһ˼ʰ׶ϡ
տʼ̤ʯʱʮɣȴѹԽ˫ŷ·ཬ㣬̧ţ¸й׹
ʯ׵ѹΪҹͬѹ̶ȲͬʹҲʵʵƾ̤ʵߣҪշС
ҡΪҩԡ֮δɣȴҲȴǰǿ࣬ڳѹʯռ˲СơҲΧʲôˣһŹɵĺߡ
ѹԽԽϸ΢ĴϢڼžĿռ޷ŴǴϢǴģҡûлͷߡ
ûгʱ˵һֶ˷ǴϢԽԽҲڲ֮ľ롣
ҡûܱ֮ˣȻԼĺߡ֮˼֮ʣҡ࣬ӿ첽˵Ĳࡣ
ԽѹԽ󣬲Ҫ˵ӿٶȣܱپѾûϵӿٶȣһңŲˡ
ĶȻҡ⣬ûбţٶʰףʱڵԪѾʣ޼ˡ޴ڵѹ·Ҫ飬ǿᣬ¶ļҲΪظϸ΢ѿڡ
㣿˺Ȼڣ٣ż־
Ȼ
пʼ˱仯ҡͷҲһ̤µ̨סǰһƬޱ޼ʵĻ𺣣ȵĻ˿·ŵͷսζ
ȻתĳδɫԥһͷУڻཫǰǰĻ˲ʧ
ûǣͶ𺣵һ˲պ̤롰𺣡ɫ΢䣬ʶǰ˼Ӱʧ󣬳ĬκüŻչɫ˸ƺ˼Щʲô
*
Ȼһˡ𺣡þҡΧ
Ϊǵһʯ׿ˣûյҲ˵֮ǰˡ
ʱһ߼İɫռڣԼʲôûС
ԭд𺣺һƬ֣ѵǹˣ
;ȫͬľδҡźʧﻹмּɽı仯֤Ĳ룬ʥȷλϵǳʹķ/ҲǹϵΪ׽֮ˡ
֮»Ҳֻλ֪˵ĵϸߺƶߣ˶վһϡ
ҡһܡ
ոͼûգý֮ùƻ޷ǽºۼҲ֪ǽʲô
뵽ǽһʧǲδκ쳣ܱտռ˿Ϸ죬Ȼһ֮Ҳ
ɨһ棬ûκη֡
ҡⲻ̧ͷͷѵ棿
ôô
ĵּΧһ飬ĿٴͶͷ
ҲһҲ޷
һɫƥƺ򶥲ܱյĿռسһƿڣֻƿۿɼٶָ
˪ҡȱûз֮ǰ˳ȥȴǸ֡
·ˣߵݣܾóȥķô򵥣û뵽Ȼô򵥴ֱ
뿪ɫܱտռ䣬һԲɿܵĹѸ׹ûӦѾһ˻
лҪ˵  Ҵˣ˻û˵ô˼23333



155 
˹ŵȳôҡ⹴ס˵Ĳû, Цǡ
ûϢ, һ˲ϳ˭, ȻԼҲ޷͹ԹͶԷô޼֮ؾ˵ĥ£ССͻ״Ӧ, ͸ðѵĨˡ
˷, ü̧ʾ˵ȥ
ŵȳ, ˭ҡݸ, ɫϴתЦúò޹
ĵһ, ֻ΢΢̾˿, Ȼ, Ҷˡ
˵Ҳ˵Ļ, תߡҡ⼱æס֣䲻ĴӺסƫͷı, ЦЦ˵겻, 㵱ˣ
һ͸ϴݸԷ˾΢, ޶
ҡԭ, ȴ뱳ɫ, ˲ʧȥѪɫ, ƲסƺĪʹ࣬δ֣Ȼ׾Ͳϵ
ôˣ룬ҡתǰʧѪӺǿʹ飬ɻ󲻽
ԭڵͫʺȻһ˲ɰͫ˫ͫĮϷʡаһеĿҡⱻ˫۾עţͬס޷
˫۾ıϺȻѾһ亹
׻ع󣬷ԼѾڻϵ´Ųȶȣ·һʱ緢Ļɽꡢȡǻľ£Ĳ޲ڰʾ״̬
㵽ôˣ̧ͷպܿԼ׽ıб
˫ĳͫô£
û˵ֻһ˫۾ľˣϹβż˿ķâͷѣȻЦ
ԼΪˣǽƺķӦҵһײȵǣĥ໥ѹḥ̂ϢĥڵǶ
ĸܵϢڼҪٽһ̽ӵ׿ɲ
ҡЦ֣˲ɵˣ
û˵ƵһԵİǽϣ˫ֳཫСĿռڡ
㵽ʲôҡüϳ⣬ԸֲϽﵽЩʲôҪȥƻ˶ˡ
׻ǲǵԼʲôط
ʲô΢΢üƺ˼⣬Ŵյǰͳ񣬡
䣬ʧȥѪɫıѹҡˮ۵Ĵϣշתĥҧ˱ǣһƽûеĺݾ
Ĵͷ̵һȵϢ̵Ϣϣɰ׵˫պܿӿһ㱡ٺ졣
£ڻҡԼ·һԴ衢ӷֻܱԡ׵ܿ죬û֮ǰĲ԰ףѪӿһɲĳ죬Ϻ£˳޼һ䵽ϡ
̵ĺ飬೤ȵ͵ѹ
׷ʲôķӦǿңǵ˹ʱһ˿û
˻´ҧƵʹҡ˼ƫͷ㿪˫ֵסҪƿ
˭ָ֪մؿھͱ̵ֱȵ¶ȷ·Ŀסһ緢Ļɽ
ҡɴۣʶҪǿ½󿴣¡
𶯣ס֣⣬һָֻϱҧƵĴ꣬޵ĦɳƵżǸ⣬Ǹ
˵ôԼǱǹӰ죬ҡӿһռҲģֱĪ
ǣͫ·ǵӳǳĶ麣Цƣʱһַĵá
˵ܡ
֮ǰ˵ȳȥٸ㡣
ҡûһۣҲټ˷ʱ䣬ƲƲ죬ǿͷ
ȴûżߣƵǽϵ뻳ıסӵûм˿/ֻһͨģȴİӵ
㡱ҡľż㣬Ƕϣϵɫȴȫ״⡣
Ͼͻ˭û̷ţϲˣֻƺɲͬڲͣԿûô
𶯣Ͼͺáָ˿ڵĥ
ۣ۲ڱ仯Ȼ˥ˣвһ˿ɫǽƾȻײĥ
ҪѹơٲҪЩ
ǸԳҡ⸸׵΢΢ü
˺ǿһҪǿܾ࣬ﲻס
֪˶ã׵նȻ䱻ԶĹսǴ˴ơ
ǡݣҲ֮ǰɽ´ҡ˵ӵɴۿӵһˣ˵һ뱻Աߵ¡
Ȼס˵˵ոʱһʶģôͱһˣ
żֻˣҡⲻŲæĴ˳ϵڷ̩Ȼ
̤ʯײһܽ𹬣ʯ׶߲ꡣżˣȻҲõڵĻԵűżһ츳ߵģܵˣż˿ºͨʯ׹ء
ݿԭ˵һԵűΪŮӵֿǿܿѹֻεҲȾһԵĲ죬㣬ӣ
ʧʮ꣬ѵû˼ǵңҡݸһЦ΢תԵλһ
żҿΪ̫ҵǮӣȻֻǮӻ켫ϱţȳȥԺ켫ڲҲöˡ
ӲϺȵĻȻ֮áݴʱعű֮ǰڣ˽Ƣܾ
ű΢΢üʶĿ
Щҡˣû׷ʣͷ һ߰ɡ
̬űŴӦ
ǴĹ˵áҡǸһ˿޵Ц
֦űҪԽõ׿ϣĻãͦû˼ġ
ԭűĽֲ̫ãҡرչԸűаȻɰֻͽİǰǣ̬ȡ
̿ĿżҽһۣûʲôҲû˼ˣȻҡ֣Ц˵߰ɡ
żҽܿǵĶΪȵĶҲԣĬĬ
˽˳Űɫͨת䡣ɫԹǽԼɣ޷գʵİǽչҲ˵ҪԹֻܿ߳ȥ
֮ǰסҡİɫܱտռ䣬ԹеСӣӸӼԹ
ԼһĹԹǽȻʼĳֹƶ֮±ȲϿİǽ֮䣬ǽǹ룬ֹ⻬ޱȣе˼ֱ·š
ŵ²˻ֽţѾʧ侲ĻŲ··ܡ
ķΧ£ͥļ˼ֱҪ̫ˡ
ôƫͷҡ⡣
бʮ;Ź󡣡
ףû뵽Ȼ¶ˡȵ˵
˵ʮ˵أҡЦ
Ŀһۣüˡ
˵һһһڲȥķΧżҽʮԾĬĬ׷˵ĽŲ
ףԹһһŵӰҡע⡣
ɵǿ˭ˣ
ҿۡҡҡͷﰵôó˹תôܶԳ
˵ڻأͷƴӮһöת굤ôҲû˰ɡ



156 
תԹڴУ֪˶, ǰ˺ȻԼͬŻŲ, һ, ӶԷжͬĴ𰸡
ڸĻԹ󷨡
ϡųֻ׷ٳżҽܣѵȻ֪ΪҪעżҲͷ, ȻżҶ, һѡ
Ȼ׷ٳǰ¶˶, ǾԼˡûõ, ֵһٰ
˵֮Ҳܷ׷, ҡԸٶ۵ԹڼСżҽһյԪӤ, һĶ, ׷ľȫ, ԹȻ޷ʹ˲Ʒзǿãֻòз׷ˡ
ڼҲҡ, û׷ٳİ, ۵Թʮ׸ûżҽܲƴ֣һ·з, ٶȾ͸ϼˡ
ǰҡ, һʼܸ˼·, ֻԹǽĲƶͽ󷨵ı任, ׸ĸߣڴԷָǰѾж
ÿζһ
Ȼ츳ƽ뵽ҡⲻ޵ĥĥûΪиѾͷ㣬츳һ£񻹲Ŭȷɾûˡ
ܿ켸˾Ѿߵڣڴһֻ˫İ׻
֮һİ׻ɫѩëХˡǰֻޣξ봫˵еް׻һģһ
ǰֻ׻ǻʵޣǱٻ塣˵׽һֻ׻Ѿڼǰʧˡ
ν壬ٺⷽһ̬ΪķӼΪ̣Ƴɹǰֻ׻壬ӦǱԹУרڳڴΪһؿ
֮һİ׻Թ᲻ĸڣҡⶢڵϵİ׻˼˵
΢΢üͫһ˿ڣ󡣡
ֲܾԹйֵԭǴγ
ţδ̫Сˣ֪ÿһֻ嶼ֵùһǳصļֵһֻ壬ܽ൱ڻ޴УδǱޡ
ֻ׻پ󷨼ӳ֣Ӳܷͨ˵Ϊ¡
һʱԭء
ȴ˵ֻڵϵİ׻˹վԣشҵ⣬Ǳ˾ͷߡ
û뵽öͨ˲ɰ˿ҡͬʱһ˿֮飬ôʹ֮ơ
ѵ޶⸱У
׻̧һֻǰָָ֫վߵű
ű΢㶣ȻǰվλúͰ׻Щ룬Ȼ԰׻Ƿ
վôԶıмԡ׻ƳҲûվһ㣬ǰ֫ڵ£ŵӿһɫȦһһס
ҡڹȦ⣬֮ĶԻҲ֪ű˵ʲôú׻צһӣվԭصű˲ʧ
㣡ݴʧɫԴһȾȦǹȦܸбܣݲû˽ȥ𵹷ɳȥ
׻צӣݣ˹˵ʲô𰸱⣬ֻȥѡ
⻰ŷͨĴӵĿվһԵҡֺܿƿߣȻڸոǰǲڡ
һɡ׻ָ˵
²ҶԣʶȤǰȦڡ
ûһݰȻ߳ЩɵŤͷʣͨˣ
׻ϲӬ˻צӣˡ
ݳƬ̣û뿪ƺ׼ҡһߡ
һ㡣׻ûйָ˵
ҡⲻĿ⣬ƫͷһۣĳ΢΢ͷɫƽ߽ڡ
׻ѯʱȻҪżҽܳҡ治Щǰ׻شǾҪֱͳȥ
һ۵£ԭݱԵͨҡⲢ⣬ûгڼʥ
ڳȻɺϣǰġ
ھб䣬Լȷܷ˳뼧ʥ𹬡
ҡ˼֮ʣ˳ӹȦ߳ûüͱ׻н˹Ȧ
һɡ
ҡ̤Ȧ׻˰Σһʣ֮У˭
ʲôҡһûʲô⣿ոջ᲻̫£û뵽Ȼɵ⡣
˭Ӣ䣬˭׻ͦͦظظһ飬˸޶ʡ
ҡǳ˳飬⻹Ҫ⣬Ǳŷ˿ôʲôް׻ں̫궼졣
ʱ˿̣Ѿֻް׻ɻ˵Ⱥš
ûλޣ׻ҪҿλޣҾ֪˭Ӣˡҡһת̽ԹǷֻ塣
׻㶣û뵽ô˵ͷѵ㲻˵Ӣ𣿡
ҡЦе˵ʲô˽⣬ȴΪ˵ΥĵļٻĺûҲҪ֪ҵ뷨λҲź˭Ӣ䡣
ǿ֮ԻὥһǷüѣϡ٣һǶߡԼνƽɣõһЩƱҪһЩҪһֵ
׻Ϊޣһ˭ĵ⣬ҡʶｫΣճ̶ȵͣǺѹ
û뵽׻δϵ˵˵УҾͰûֻҪ˵ӢˣҪ
ҡЩźûϵ͸¶ϢԹӦ壬Ҳʿɶֹˡ
̲ĵǶģҪŭ˵ֱȥˡ
֮У׻Ӣ䡣˼һϵĶ԰׻˵
ǴǴˡ׻һë׵¶Ե飬ҡĳƺʮֲ
ҡ԰׻ӡһٽ׻һҪ˺ıȻЦǴЦĿڣǵģ
׻һƵʵڶ⣺νĿʲô
֮ǰƵò⣬ȴúܣ֪˵»ǳԡҡšü˼Ƭ̣ļԣĿģŵĳΪʮСѣͨ
ÿ˶岻ͬҡʱ㻹꣬˵ʲô̵ĵ򣬲Ŀһֱ׷汾ġ
ҡ⻹ǣһʼԼ׷Ŀ꣬ڷе˵Ǽѵõ¡
Ű׻˵֣ɡ
ɶ֣ڱе˵ջҡᵽɣȻ˵֮󣬰׻˱仯ſڵϣ˵ˣ߰ɡ
ҡⰵ˿شˡ
߳Ȧӭڵİ׻ѯ
ҡ⳯գգۣû˵̧̧°ʾȥ
˳ȥͷ׻ŤͷҡıӰȻĸŮͱǸŮһ軵ߣˮˣ
ûһԹһˣҡʱڣһᾪȲѣΪ˺ȻǵϬؾǰ¥ס
ϬؾڵСųģͬʱɢһŵʣʹǰȼֱһ˰㡣
׻վظոնҡ˵Ļشҵ⣬Ǳ˾ͷߡ



157 
̤Թ, 沢ûпһ, Ӧǵһġҡ̲סͷԹ, ȴԹ֪ʱʧӰ٣·Թһֻǳþ
ʥõԹ, ȻĪ⡣
ݶΪĶҲɻͷ, Թʧ, ݴʧɫҲһ˿ɫ
˵ԹһƬƽĻɫ߮ɢŶصķҷʰ쵵ĺڻ衣Щ£쵵ɫ
һۿȥʮɫ, ˿ۡ
ʥ, Ƭ֮, Ȼʱʱ
ֻ׻ʲô
ȵ, ҡժ𼸶߮, Ūƫͷ
ͷ׻Ҳ˭ɵ, ´֮˼ۣ뵽ѹΥķа׻ģ, ̲ס𴽽ǡ
΢, ʵʲô, 㿴ƺܿģ
ֻ׻ƺ֪Щʲô, ЩǶǵ, ԼӦԼڵǶйء
֮˭Ҫҡû̿Ĵ
⻰Щüû뵽⡣˼Ƴһۣɫ΢
ԣɺϻԨԴ
ҡⲻ֪룬Ц¶һ˿֣֮ɫԹӦġ
ǿһ֧˵ʵıһϹʱѾʧ١׻ڼǰʧʣµȸҲϹʧȸûг׾֣Ĺһֻȸ
˵׽һֻ޾ŮɵĻ˵ֻȸŵȸ塣
ҡ֮࣬Ϊ˵һܣʧܡԹںȻֵ壬Ȼʧûбô򵥡
һȶġ˼ŤͷȥֻϷˣעĿͷֻ
ҡü΢¶ֹŹ֮ɫֻϷɵԼǺǩ˹ȸܵȸȵĻû뵽뷨ȻˣȻߵȸǸڣֻȸƺǳ
ûعһĺӰע⡣ҡⶢԽԽˣľԱ
ԭ֮ǰԹûۻ
˿ҡûгԾƺ֪⡣ߵҡǰ׸һƿŵǷĶ
ҡסƿҲųķƣɵô
һ򴽣šü˵鲻Խֻȸ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥҡȻ⣬ȸĹϵáⲻԭȻжԨԴݴԶʱڷų֮ͬΪһ壬ȸ֮һȻԷĳƺţκȸȻϧϡ٣Ѳڡ
ʱһƵȸ·֮ĳƺţ˽ȴ֮ԱǣĲͣǳ׽ˡ
ЩԹȸʧͷӷɽɢϾһˣץŲϲÿ
λǣԱߵעŷƣлһâɽɽѾãû뵽Ȼ塣
Ҳ̲סҪô
ҡ⿴۷ƣû˵ܵλǷɽ˹ķơ
˵תͷƣϡ
壬֪
ҡȻֻڻؼһ棬ΪԭƢ˽⣬˶ĲҲûϡ
˹ɨ˷һۣľ󣬳˹ɲһֻ嶼ܽġ
ڼ˽̸ʱм˴Ӳͬƾճ֮֡ǰ֪ҡݵ˼ݣԳһ
Ӵڵӣ⣬ڵӸҪҡҪãԤڿֻһܳԹû뵽ڵֵܼڡ
֮⣬һź۵Ĺ࿴ۡ
ʱƣܳԹ˲඼ˡҡԹķüֱҲټ˵ӦͳˡǵİΣ϶ֻе֣ӰʱҲӰ
Ψ𶼲ˣֳΪߵľľ뵽ҡⲻɿⲻڣǸûᡣ
֪ߣŤͷĿ⣬ƺвʲôɫЩ仯
վԣܿע⵽ĿĻڶ֮ѲһȦʲôԹ
ĻҡջߣƫͷĵĴһУ˵ҪҪ
û˲Զ⻰ȻӲĶ䡣
û˵ݸһЦȻٻȸڿεȸȻЩδΪССһţͣϡ
ҡĶ΢࣬ٱȴǰסҲǣʮȥˣܹҪɳ
У̧ۿ˲Զˣ˵ʲôһ𶯡
ڻѰұ˲ԴֻϹ˸䣬һ޴ɫӵ𣬳ǰǹ֪ʲôһ͸ɫ»ۼĹ
ҡѡλ˱ǰľסʱѾ򹬵Ĵš
ͬʱм˼ͬһʱжȥ
Щס˼ǵĶȻӦ˿д죬ȥҴҳȥһﱻûˡ
𹬴ӳľڰеϻӣϻдСҲͬһϻӶ룬Ҳ˵õϻӣĶǺǴֻƾ
ЩϻӴƺЩеϻ͸һЩ
һɫӰȶ֣һĺϻӱȥϻɢһŨĻ֮һͲǷƷ
ﶯģʱĹʲôݣ䵽ԼϲҪġڵϻӲڳʮˣڲʱ
һ˶֣ҲͷſֿʼˣȽҡⷴûмŶ֡
ȻԭϻϻĶ󣬵ȻѸģҲȫ顣
˼ˣųСڵĴڡ
ǸϻӣǸϻĶãһų˫۷ŹĺС
ʮּԶѣæϻӵ˲Ķеϻӡ
̶˵ȷϻãĶӦҲõģϻΧҲҵһ鷶Χ
ΪᱦʱҶͷԷȣڵĻ˼Ҫȥϻӡ
ɲǼ䣬ϻǱߵңԽᡢ̸˺ۼǱߣǸϻӡ
ԭûԹ谭ڶ˼ܳɹԹ˶Ǽ֮˻ǰʮʵǿ
ڲϻ֮ʱҡʶںҪˣǸľϻӣСľϻӣǸľϻǺö
Сľϻӡҡ֮ǰͺ˵ˣĻжҲû˿ĴӦ
һ뱼ǸľϻӵķľϻֻᣬһݡΪͣҽϻӵ᷶Χֻ۵ľϻԱûʲôˣųû©
Ƕ˹ȻȣͣԹڶҡˣؼƾΪһӮο
ľϻӵڵӣҲ֪֮ǰӺڵ˵ʲôҡҲֱӰֻ֣۵ľϻӾ˳ıҡõˡ
õϻӺ󣬳ңҡȥƫʥ𹬵ĺöֹ⼸ֻϻӣ˵õĶѾõˣٴȥҲֻ˷ʱ䡣
ŵѲڵ˽顣֮ǰҡݶ˵
ݵĻԵżֻʣһ˽³Ų



158 
ߺ󲻾, ϻӵĹ˽Լȸ໥, Խᡢ̸Ǹ˵ĺϻ´ϻӡ
Խ̸Ϊԭ򣬶׼ϻӲ, ϻӸǱ, ϰݣҲϻӵȥ, ߵ׷ᡣ
һߣϻѱƶ, Ҳ֪ȥ˺δµϻӣϻӱΪ׵ڵߣľϻһԪӤɢȡߡ
ϻȫȡ, ûõϻӵ˶ڴ˲Լͬƫɢ, գۼһӰûˡ
ȴ˵һ뿪ҡˣĿȷϵƫ
ƫڵط, ˼Ϣһɫ޵ĺ̺ӣҲ֪ʲô, ôȥȻɡ
ƫһϽ𶦣ż䰵ɫ˯
Ǽ˯, ϸܵĽɫ·Ź, ﲻѰĽɫŵ, ·һ, ɫ븡ڵɫˮС
, е˯ȴǱ˾һ㣬ˣĿѣԡҡ⿴Ǽ˯Ʋ˼֡
תϵҩ֮һ
޼֮صʱ˵ͻƵĹ̽СϡתϵϡܵļƷɵ
һžתϵٷ֮ĿԣÿֻܷһţٶûˡҪٷ֮Ŀ̫ͣ׽֪ϡܵĵҩ˵ٷ֮壬ǰٷ֮һǧ֮һĿǶԸҵ
ʲôʶ㣬е˯ȴвҡĿƵĶʵ
ҡֿۣһֱӽսСȷưźһת˵ʵ˻Ϊзݣȷɡ
תϵֽϵ֪ζҩҪԣתϵ¹ܾܲͻ񾳣ɲ֣ء
ûľٶֻüû˵
ҡⲻźͣתƫȥȻһŽǼһ̯ţƤƵţƤֽ
۾һҲţƤֽ⣬СĽȡţƤһֶûУǰ˵ţĹǷȥţƤֽ˲䷢˱仯
һĿʮɨ˼֣ҡڷ¡Ȼб䣬Щǰžģˣ¼תϵĵҲˡ
㿴ҡü۴ЦĺõĽţƤֽǰ
ţƤƳɵţƤֽȥۣССһƺҲ¼˶ٶȴʵʵһֻʲôҲûУֻǼ¼ý飬˵ʷûõⱡһֽ㹻׽
ԭ˳࣬ʥһˣڶ̶һǧ״ˣ뼧ʥ𹬵ľϢϢءţƤֽаĵڣ𾳵ĵȻҲٲˡ
˵ԭ֮жŮ˵Ǹشת۵㡣
֮ǰҡҺ̫˴ģݵǵ֮һֻҪܼ뵤ڵĲϣЩ𾳶Ҫ١
ӹţƤֽɨ˼ۺչ¶ʵɫ¶һ˿ݣκţƤֽ۵ıʼ
ĬĶһۣ̫ǼһλڶӵصĴӣԳǰһǧ磬Ҳǲˡ˵ۺͥŲһ𣬵ȴֵµĴǧ絮
µĴǧ磬Ȼ׽硣
ʱͻλӣ͸ˡ׽ĵҩҵȻչòţƤֽϵݸǵҩڳһϼ׽ġ
ֻеռĳͥ˴ʵµоתϵɵĵڡ
˵׽˭óŵϼɾλǰӣҲԶʱۡһƶʥһ۹ϵУţƤֽڼʥҲ֡Ǽ׽δֵ˵ҲǲĲ
ֲһҪɽƺŲܡƽ̧۳ܵıڻȥ
ҡţƤֽ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ΢΢üڻĹҲС
׵عΪ˶㿪鷳λŸ»ص۵ĹڶνȥʱĹ￴һȦȥ˻ء
ǰ⸱ڻĹǸڻͬһ£һǽĽǶȲͬҲĺͬӦǷֱ
ڻسʱҲ̫ĩڻĹųڣһλ̫ħսĳĹֺķͬǰ⸱ڻѹ֣һֹŵĻʱЩ̫ħ˴˲ɱĳ쾡¡ڻȻЩȴĪʵУ·վڱڻǰ˶Ȼ䱻ڻУֳ
̫ħΪλ˴˲ɱ⸱Ҳúһ
Ǻͷűڻ΢̫ŷ̫Զˣʱ׽Ÿոճ顣ʵԶǰ£ܹĶ٣ʹҲɲꡣ
ǰ˵ò԰ڵĻᣬ̲סһЦ֪
һҡ鲻ݸЩ׵Ĵְݵ֪λɷΪ½󣿡
ҡĶǣŹĳʵ ֪׽
ĹڻҲڻöԲƬʱֱ޼֮أӴ̫Ĺŵܣ֪ڻǿԲƬʲô
޼֮粻ͨϢԶ֮ǰܣ磬޼֮ص˷ʱܶ±޼֮صӰֱ֮ս޼֮طգ̫ħ˳׽̨
컯һ͸ƻ컯ٵʹȥĴ˵ȻἰȻ޵ķʸ
У³ĸ֣컯
ڻĶǻǾֻǸĪ컯
ҡ⻹ûü˵һϸ΢ĽŲĬֹסȴһϮǳȹԽҴҶҡڴЩԾ
ɫҡ⣬лһ˿Ī֮ɫ񣺡ӡ
ºԽϵĸӹ壬ȻǺһģҵϵȻҪΪ
Σѱȡߣʧܣʧȥ򡱽
Խһ湤װȥգʱ䶫Ͳˣѵǰ
Խôˣɫѿ
ҡ˼ĿɫԽᣬɻأԭԽֻСɫԭеϷݻ١˵ǰԽᲢûʥ𹬣Ϊʲôôɸպƫҿƺ֪Щʲô
ɫһԼĶߵģѵ֪Ĵڣ
͹£ֱԽһбܡҡ΢΢üЩƫ켣ߣ˭Ҳ֪жٵơ
Ϊʲôûл̸֮¸ԽᣬΪ̸ڱ䣬֪Ĵڡʥ𹬵½Ժ̸ߵƾûˣԽͲһˣ֪飬ֲʲôܣ
ҡĿ£ԽԼܷ·ҪԷ⣬һ沿飬ǿЦ£ֻǺȻһЩ¡
ԽӦǲõ¡ҡⴽһĨ޵Ц̵βϷʣƺڳù
Խǿѹŭ̽ȥģ֪˼΢С͸¶Щʲôܱ˿ڳ󲻾©ЩţͱرաôȥòӳƤӵ£ע⡣
̸ʱߵôƳһۣȻ⣬ԽȻ̲סֱһ



159 
̸ѡԽֱ°, ̴΢ֹ, ĵĺ۴˿˿Ƶõζ
˭֪δ˵һ˽
ֻǡϣͬ·ˡ̸ɫ̤ƫߵ
ȲƲϵĻװ˹ϵһԽ˵ڵڴ, ҧ̸ǿЦ̸õˣ
Ļ̸ɫ, ϳͫ¶һ˿ɱ, һԽһԲߣ˵õ
⻰ҲԽʹ, ֮Է׷Ϊõû뵽ѱ˽ȵǡæ˴죬ʲôûõ, ʧ˸յֵĶᣬν˷۱ʹ
ҡ˵ĶԻ˴ţǸϻӦñ񣬶Խ̸ʱ, ˼;ɢ
˵ϻ, õǸľϻӵڶûü, Ҳ֪ĶǲԭǶ
㣿
һʴҡ˼, ع̸ֻ֪ʱѾߵǰĿӵĿ
գգۣЦ̸вѾдô
̸ЦƬ̣ѹüͷͫĵҡ⣬·Ҫ븹
һЦıżƹɫҪ׿˵
ҡ⻹δ˵һԵڣ̸ô£ȿԼĴ
Ļһˮ̸ͷϣ˲ϨϨ˳ص壬а٣ҲԼ峤֮ӣ滹и츳ѷԼĵܵܣһѡ񻻻õĺôǰ󣬵Ҳ˵̸ܵļɵż
ǰ䣬ȫԲ̸ļƻαƻ˺üλˣеĵλһǧɡЩ¶˼Եûλá
뵽ƻƻĊ̸ɽĿͶҡ⣬ϬؾеĲԨе֮õǼСԵɱȵġ
ϧ
һʼûָʱðս϶ȥĹҲǊܴɡ
ˣе̶һǰԼƽֱ˵
Ϣ̸յüŻѪǸ޲ѪĊӡ
ǰϰŮӵݣصкѡŮӵ塣ػһӵݸӱΪӺѡΪж
û뵽컯Ūˣǰõˣǽˣͱ
̸粻ҡ΢΢šü̸˷ײϣȻҲû衣
뵽ƳһԵȴɫЩԡɫĿ߰ɡ
˵겻˵ķӦߡ
˺ܿ뿪ƫƫˣԽΪľ⣬δ⵽쳣ְͲö㿪Ȼû̸Լ˼УЩħ㱼侹Ȼ߻ħļ˵ˡ
Խ߻ħĺۼ˼תת֪Щʲôûгûֻ֣뿪ƫ
Խ뿪˵֮ƫںȻһˡ˻ںڣñסİֻܿһߡ
ϥڵϵ̸ֹû뵽ŭ龹˲Ҳãһ㣬²Ǳƿصġ
֣һƺӿϵ̸ͬʱĶñ޷ԶԼ¶
ҡڴ˴»ᾪȲѣΪ֮ǰ¥ףʱģ¥ʱྶͥħӿħħ塣
ҡ뿪ƫֱȥ˺Ķ⵹Ƕڲʲôö㹻Ρ
㻹ôҡ£óϵıʱ򻹺úõģôɫԽԽֲԸ˵
ոɫԣٴȥͿҪԽǰˡ
뵽Ķ˼֣ȴǰֱŻһѪʧɫӸǲҰһƬ
¡ǵѪšüͳһֻƿһŵҩɫںÿһЩֻĿڵĽʹֺ
һ·Ѿľˡ
ҡ.ֱӶ֣ţ̽ڡ
һ֮̽һǧٿףȻƲǴΣ֪ǲǵ࣬ء
ħҡüͷ
ǵŻͲǵʶڲشôԽԽأ
ǡЩҡҡͷոǿͷѪıԴѪǲðǿ
̧ͷƳҡ⣬򣬲ǲɺϣλ̫׼ˣһֱһ𣬾ҪñԴѪʧ׼
޼֮صֶΣʥⲻϵĽơҲԣϢӹ˷ߣĶ֡
ˡҡ죬ǲԸ˵ջ֣ҲԸٶ¡
Լģںα⡣
ҡ£ǰϻȡ
ϻӣϻ׵һľʵϻʲôۼûУôһľϻӻǸ񻨵ġ
ײԣǿľҡܿһ˿ԣָϻϻӲδ죬ڳ˶ƺصһµ֮νҲˡ
ϣΪ
µĶ׽ָ֮Ǵﵽºһ״ֻ̬᲻Դ
ľ䲻ľʺĲϡÿľһʧɫʧӳߣ֮ľƵҪֹһ
ľõطҲֻ޼֮صСױ£ż¼ף˵̫žУ롣
ľܳɵ޲ױϴǧ֮£ľʽṹı仯̣ʺ
֮ôϳϻÿľƣΪһܿľƵĹ١
ɱ̫󣬾ֻ˰СҲкüֻڻصȻǰ˴ʹҲһΪҪ󣬱ΪҶ
عҡһ׼ϻӴ򿪡ϻӶǿľƣĶӦòϻӲ
ֻǵ׼ϻʱȴϻ˿Ϸ죬һ϶Ҳ
ɨһȦҡٴȷϻûһ˿϶·⸱ģ
ľܾױϴݻ٣ζʮּӲټӲĿľҲܲס˪һ
ֱֻķʽһҡⲻԸã˵ǷĶϻӵĲϱǲɶõı˿ϧ
ϻӷȥĥʱԱߵ̲סڣ򲻿ҿ
ҡϻӵֶס̧ۿƤЦⲻЦ˵ͷҴÿ
Լ򲻿



160 
ؿһ, ϻһȦ΢䣺ʵڴ򲻿, ҲҪǿ
ҡѾò˵һ۲ˣ˿ľĶ֪, žԼ״ϻӡ
ʳָϻӱ, ϻûзľһ, ѾЩͷ뵽Ȼͣûʳָ, ۾һת, һᵽ࣬Ц
Ӽʶ, һ۾ͿδϻӰɡ
ЩĿһۣ֪ΪͻȻ, ǽӹϻӡ
ľϻһ˫޳ַȥ, ľϻᰴ£ָۣľϻ˿δ
, ѲɼʶĹҲ򲻿ҡգգۣ, дżϷ֮⡣
ü΢̧İϷ, 뿴һ, ֮ǰĶ, ָϻ治, ľ֮ڶʶڻص
ģľϻһǳǳΣһģͼֻͼδȫαɢ
סͣľϻ֣ƫͷҡ⡣
ҡƲƲ죬˷Ǵõ֪ؼڡԿסϡ
֧°ͣĶ
ûϳԣľϻ׽һ֧ϵԼʥݴʱս֮ңңӦޣ׽˳ǧ겻Ĵѩδ¹ѩޱδ⡣
ѩҡӹĻƶģ˼תת֪ף
ȻǼʥ𹬣һ뵽ҲѩʧҲ޼֮زżȻ֪׵ġ
굽һŸŸϲɣ¼˼ʥѩ
İŪľϻָľϻãľϻʧĹӿ˳һΣǹξþòɢϻϵͼ𽥱
ʱ˵ȫѩУʹϻӸƲľĴϣȴֲһź
ӡҡع̾
ҡҡͷӦûϻӵáǰҲѩȴԶĻꡣ
ҡͷϻӣľϻϳȴʼΪͼŤĹġ׽羭ٶıǨҲ˸ı䣬ͨõֲûκ֮
ࣿ
Ŭĵĺ壬ϺȻɻ
˵ǡ࡯ҡѾȥ뻹ʲôѵü
ԭԭϻװĶ
סϻӣɫ΢ӣĶ
СľħӰࣿ
ָ֮࣬׽һֶص޾ͽ࣬࣬ʹԲǻħط֮һСľħ֮ͨһħӰǴϵõ
һγϹڣ֮ûһϢ׽ѾĬԼѾ塣ˣɸ߹׽ްλϡ
ڱú䣬¶һԣδһ׽Ĺʶʲôزסࡣ
дֵϻӣࣿ
һľƵľϻܹסһֻࣿ
һֻ࣬δϻӣҡüܱʥÿľװĿ϶Ǹ߼һֻࡣ
ǴϻӺһ࣬϶֮ززץסޣƾס
˼ȻЦһ̧ۿˣϻô꣬Ӧû١
⵹Ҳǣҡͷϻӻеðգһת뵽һѵص㡣
ֻòôȥšüԥĿⶢǰˡĿǰСֻдǼ֪Ψһȥĸ¶˴ʼնڻ״̬
ûںǰڼսС磬Ѱɽװ˻в²⣬Լ벻һڲϳɳС磬ϾСֿĶһϵ档
ҪҪС͸¶
ôˣֱԼȴ˵ɵ
ҡ򴽣ƺĳ־ģץֵۣҪ
΢΢סĺ˸˼£ƺ뵽ЩʲôԹԱۡ۽޾ŨܣȳᣬѴһȦӰ
ҡ︹һ䣬΢˴ӶʧӰͻأĳСС
ˣ۰ɡ
ۣǰĳһ˿ɫǡ
վһɫϣƬ⣬ط֡һµСݣмҩԣעĿһǸոջƫϽ𶦡
һڳ͵С硣ҡߵ֮ǰսϽǰ۲Ǽĳƺ죬ɰ˿
СֲȻ⽫ΪŨĵطȻ˵طӦ̫
ȴ֪ܰȻؼڶЩɫҺ壬ЩɫҺ壬ͻή
һ¶һ˿Ȼҡ⣬ߵǿð˸ߵǰüʵǿŲ
ҡߵԣ۵Ҷǿӣʮųô㡣
оϢ¼궼һܳôࡣŲµĽɫʧЦ
ԶһֻɫСһɫ磬ɿĴڽҩ
ޣЩĿʧҩڵޡ
ҡɨҩԣ޽֮һֱԹչЩֲӦҲǸ͵԰ˡ
ջĿ⣬תϣ׼ϻӣ
࣬ôҲӲȥҡգգۣùľϻ
ϻڳֹĺͲ˱仯ʮºľϻȻһѿڣϻ׹
žһ£ϻһΪϻǳǸǣϻĶС
˴ſտҲϻӣһۡ
ࣿˣҡšüĿӦСڵĶ
΢ҡͷԣûСոʩ˸磬ʹ޷ֹ뿪ҲӦܲĶ
֪ͫʱתΪͫɨľϻȻָ֣צץϻǡ
ͬʱҡҲӦһ˿쳣֮ϻƺʲô
ָֻۣץʲôʲôûУɨȥܲжէȥĶмֻ
ץˣҡⲻȷʡ
ȴɫ΢䣬ӹһ˿죬ɿ֡
һɵѪζıС
ҡץֻ֣ʳָиϸ΢ĴڣոյѪζǴɢġ
ҧˣɻƫͷʵڲôСĵˡ
һָֻؿڣɫЩŹ֣
δߣϡ
ûߣǩԼڸղţΪƲľʹȻĪ˻⡣



161 
˵, ǩԼҡ/ﴥСһƫͷˡ
ԶԵ˳ӽʲôû, ·ץмֻ
Ķ뵽ղץҲ⸱ģü, ´ָҡġɲǼһֻƴСޡ
С޻һ˿ë, ֻǶǰɫ, Ψһ˫۾ͱͷǺɫ, ˫տտĺӣ˿ʱò
ҡ۾һСͷ᲻̧⣬ı壿
ǰɡɨ, üͷģ, ǹԾ֪ʲôģŮ޻ġ
ԼҲ֪һĲ, ̬, ı츳ƳƵı¡
ֲʲôطزס, ӽƣԿռ֮Զ顣ǩ֮ϵĽҲԵƽ֮ǲݾλƳ⣬ҪýѹڵġǽƲʱƳ
ܱƵĽƾͲƣһ˷ɽ˽Ƶ⣬Ҳһˡ
뵽רĶŪˣóһӤȭͷԲԲ͸壬͹ķŴЧܺĿװһھ硣
רװֲĽȻȲϿװС磬ֲܴü꣬ʦϲҲõֲķ
ľΪأ/ʶһֱ˯ѣͱ֮һ޵ǣ˵óʱҡʶķ򿴡
ľôȵĿĽ֮ǰźûʱȥľû뵽ľȻˡ
⣿
ĻЩζζҡ⼱ŽľŲϢϣһʱҲûע˳˵ľӳôģ
£ӹĽָ˰ԲϵİݴյĽһڡҡһӣڵľžһ˳
ԭڽֻӤĴָľڷɳ˲Ǵ󣬱Ϊ߸ߵ磬ھϢУ벻顣
ģôƵõãѵи½񣬾ΨһһϣĴ
˵ƭҵšҡбһۣôǷµĹģҪĶƾһ˹ԹԷϡ
ۣΣ˶ȷľ㽫ľӳʦ壬ľʦţѡĸ
ҡⱻĻҭס̬ҲûѡŽľӳܣӳܱܲסľҲȷ
ʱɷ/ȥ䱳ǹȼң˷/ٵĴ㣬һ֦Ѿ֮ϲںܱܲסͲܾˡ
޼֮ڣ˶ĸӦԼ/ʶڣȷľúõġ
ãῴϣʦŶԿ˵صЦЦĶ
ҡⱻĿ⿴ЩڣܿߣƲ֪֮һеģֻǵʱҲָ˭𣿡
ûǴĻʱϵûء
ʱеúã˭䣿
Խ˵Խֱ׳ż֣з˵ļơ
ѵм㶣׷ǳˣɫЦ̫СԼˣŻһתӳȷ֮ˡ
ҡⱻĻʶʣ˭
ĵĻشȴмĪӿԼתƫĻ⣬汻ƫЩζ
ͷԺзӿɫҲٵȻ
ȻҡûɫĻֹȻ˵ĸоӳôԭжƫҲܽȵ
˼Ȼ⣬ûн͸Եɡ
ѡܴһԭŵ۾ģͻ㣬ХⲢûɽһܺõĥʯ
ܹӳʹвˮ֣ŵУӳ;һʯѡ֮ʮֺʡ
뵽ҡ⣬ƺҲѡĥʯ
ХϢ벻֪ĳֲ˵ٴת˻⡣
ҡٴαĻƫҲüƽһһĻյԣ˵Х¡
ȴżڣ֧һݺжʱɳ˴Ǵһ˫δȥգһһģһӱˡ
ã̧̧°ͣʾ¡
ַΪľٶҡһʱ֪˵ʲôãΪ֪ХϢǹԹ¡
Ʒ಻ѣЩӣЩ
ҡЦ㵽˵˵˵ˡ
޿Ӧܲ鵽Ϣ
ѾȫХϣþգûӣոƫǸڻ㲻˵컯ôХΧ컯Ϣйء
˵֮֮ǰڷɽɽ´ֱĶХ
뵽⣬ɫХĹעƺܾ֮ǰʹˡ



162 
컯ҡ¶˼֮ɫ, ǶѾʧô⾹Ȼй
ֲõᱻΧ, һ嶼׽伣
Ҫ֪, ΪĹ֮, ƾǿʵ嶼һƴ֮, ֮ս֮һΪⳡսһԪ, оӢ˹, λ
ܻʵ, ձ󣬼֮սҫ, Զʱڵλ磬ԶڵĸλڵȲϻһ塣
ҫڶش, Ҳ֮ʱ, ׽ĸٴη䡣ʱ, ʵٶ˥ܵʮʥûλá
ϹţΪʵ͵׽缫ǵϢϹʱڻͷֻһ, ǵХţһǧΪѹͬʱ֮Ӵ
ʱԤԣХԶ֮һʮ֮ھͽΪ, Ȼ, ûȻˡϹ, ֪ΪʮһΧХ𣬾ݴг֣֮Х֪٣ܶ˶ΪѾɡ
һҲ֪ΪΣ˳׽硣
Хδʱһλ޾ŵסХʧٵķ粨˱ǹȼ档
ʮ޳澳ΪϹŵ֮һˣȼҲ
ЩЩҡ֪ģЩ׽֪ģʱʶЩıݻߣǧ˽ģһǡ
컯֪٣
˼ҡعҡҡͷʹ컯£ֻԼ֪ƺ롮컯йأ컯ָʲô˭ҲҲֻõ˲֪
õ˻һʱ컯£ϧ̫
컯Ѿˡҡⲹġ
˼ĵͷȻ컯˴̫ħƴᣬ²һ̵ܶ˵ģҲֻзѳƬпܡ
ҡ︹̣컯µ̫ħ໥ɱĶһ£Ѵ֮˴ħֱǱѪС
˳Ĭƺ¡κҡʱˣƫͷкȥȴۣǳ೤
˯ˣ
üƳ԰׵պ˯΢΢£üģֶڰգ̾˿
ۼ²Լǰж·˯ȥԴԹ״̬ƺͺܲһ·ƽԹ󷨣Ҳûֹ
ҡջ֣ηϣ֧°ͶһСˣǶûãһʾûУ΢ȵ鶼û¶
ʲô˼
һȭ޻ϵĸоʵڽ˱ֲʣҴûʲô˵ģ
˼̫ԣһ˵͵ڼ䡣
꣬ٿŽ˯ðҡɵִ
ûոջ˯͵ۣһֻεסĺһ˿⡣
ҡ⻹ûӦѾקſϡ
һϵеĶɣ·ųѹգգۣе˯ɢȥտտӵӳߵ˵Ӱ
˯ˣ˯ѺеɳƵͳëӶ
ķӦƽʱ˰ģҡȷո˯ˣʾ˵أ
ȴûа˼һס֫˱øΪĶ֨죬ҡεø
ʲôҡһۣһˣå
еָֻͫз·Щ׵ı΢΢ʣ䣬ǵڼġ
ҡ㶣һתЦеĴ룬һĸǵġ
ü΢һ˿â״ĵʵǵĸ˭
ǰֱӺԣѾµǰ˭ˡ
ô²¿ҡƵĶɫӴżϷʡ
˼κصĴ¶ˡ
㣬ôµģҡͫ΢ţѿڶʡ
Цһ͵ǵǿͣӦµڶ˵ĺۼӶֻһѼȻǿͣΧС˲٣¶ʱҸպһ˴𰸾͸ˡ
ҡȴ֪˵ʲô˵ʲôȫȫ˵ˣ
ҧ´ֱԼģЩɵϷ˸˶ʱλá
ѹ£ͷһǣʵ֪ˡ
֪ʲôëģҡʶ򴽣촽ʱһˮ⡣
ⷬķ䵽Уж̺ϣշתĥ
ҡͻϮ΢㶣ֱ괫ĴʹŻعߣסĲǡ



163 
κ, Ϊ, ֻƵ, ͳߴ˵ԸС
ĻҡȻҲС, 񣬺СҲ
֪֧, ֲ֮һҲ, ·һ㣬ԭ֪
ЦһָĺԼȻϵһֱʱң֪ǵһ, ǻϲ
˵ǻϲȴż͵⣬Сӵõûõı, ҫ
֪ǲϢ̫ȣĲ, ˵ǰ̵, ҡԼҪˡ
˭, ˭˵ǵһૣָϹ̵ͼ, ȴµĻᡣûĻ, ץֻ, ոδһ, ʵжеĺ塣
ΧĿѸ֮һϢۼһֻѾ½ҡȻһЩǸ֡
ȳȥɡ΢ٵĴЩףһڶ˱ƣ֮
ոմϢˡ
ɫЩڣ봹ۣǿѹ±ʱ۾һƬ΢ƵɤŲδεԹǷš
⸱ģҡ̲סЦδɫ¶ɫһĴǣĿοУǷš
ָɨϻδȥĳŴ
һûоܾʾã˳վֱǸ˫ĹֻǴԼ֮˵ԵʣǹɿԶ۲ʲδ֡
˳С磬˵ĵص㡣
ںĻ԰⻨԰źͱһ̺߮߮ɫģ̺ӳ͸Ⱦһ˪졣
ˣŸתתȥ˵Ӱæܵߡ
ڴүѾ˽ȥˣҡ˻㱨ȻȻֹҡΧȥҲգɵĶոձűүʲôȥˣ
ڲ̸Щʱ򣬽ȥɡҡڴȻ֪Ǵ￴˿ģ˼ȻѾȫˡ
ȴƫͷȴ˫շɺ죬ﺬһˮ̵β׵ϼԭɫ˫֮ˣȾ˴Ĳ
̫֮ûй⣬ʹ֮£ҲûϸԷģȻʱ̬ǹ˵úܡ
Ƴ۴ڣԭɫ֮УĿɨʱһعֲ޵ĵ
ߣүõͨޣһôҲǼ̤񾳵Ĵڣһľŵ
ҡû֮İӿջؿߣƫͷ˵ȥ㡣
ûʲôȻǿ㣬ǶضͬѰûѯֻ΢΢һš
߲㣬ÿϽǷصŷ壬Ƿ͸ɫڽɫ£á
һ޸̤ڣһϮĿƬĺɫɳĮɳĮȣɰǻɫ·˲ݰٻ𺣡
ǵľ磬Ȼһȶȣʹˮ֮ҲްƬɳĮȴһȣҡսþȵÿڻ֮С
໣̣үˣ
ΣûЬı׵ܵ˺۾һתҪ˵ҡ⻳һͽ֮ǰ˲٣ûдǰΪ̵Сһԣ֪ڵĵУ˹˲һڳʵԴеɶࡣ
ҡεҡҡͷ۴ڣû˵ʲô˲ϵĺǻˬһ˿ûУüҪ
ֱ𶦾ڲԳѭ仰˵ֻе˽𶦾ܿԼδȻỹ޷Գѭ˽أһ麮ȱܺʼҪ壬ɳĮŹ֣ϱëҪٳʲôӾͲˡ
˵⺮ʵһӡźʯǺϰ죬֮һ޵ļ֮رӺͷһ˯겻ı֮£ֱŹ㡣
ѩףһʮڽѩܱʮһԣƵʯ֮У֮󺮲ȱܺǽʿĸѲ񣬺ĶҲҡ⻹֪кĶ
ϾҲ챦û˭Ϊ˱ܺ챦
ΪβֱúȣΪ˱ܺúòʧֲǱܺĸ߼
ȴ˵Ļ뵽˲񱷢üͷԾš
ǺǻôûϺҡȴһת⺮⡣



164 
һ˵Ͳµʲô, һü, ȡϵǿ麮塣
ҡĹ۲ĺѩ׵ĺ͸ʯ֮УĿһһ΢΢
ʯеĺȻǻ
ףգգ, ŵɴ۶Ǻ, ѩ׵ĲϾȻһ㵭ĺɫ
Ǻɫһ̣뺮ɫ˸ı䡣
Ӻóڲ̶̼Ϣʱ, ϵɫȻ˱仯, Ҳ˵ڶƤ±ɫġ
, Ҫҡһı仯, ΢΢ü, ǰƬһͷĺɫɳĮ˼ƬɳĮԵʣ
ǰδɫ
ʯзųǺָɣȴġֻʱ, ԽԽ࣬ϵĺɫҲŨ, ԭѩ׵ĺ˺ɳĮһĻɫϸҪΪץһɳ
Χ¶½ˡҡ⾪֪ƬɳĮ, ͼҲ޼, óȻñԵ챦ɳĮҵķû뵽һֻССĲ, Ȼá
ԭóɡܲܵס£û뵽ײ⺮ȻԺɫɳĮá
ĺһ˿ɫɳϡ
ꡱһ㴫ɰ˶һۣɺɳ
ҡ̲סָצӵһɳֻǻûüϸɳ̵֮һʶɳ˳ȥ
֪ɳ¶쳣޷ȥüﲻݣȴץ̯Ŀ
ֻӨ׵ĺȻһĨۡ
ҡдż˿죬ȻδɣҪºۼЩѣֻ֪ɳĮйŹ֣û뵽ɳӶôԵƬɳĮʲôͷ
ָ˴ģſʱĺѾʧӰ١
Ķ֪ûд󰭣δ˷ſһ˳ǣ֣Ի
ҡƲƲ죬ȴҲû׶ŵѾɫĺɵһЩ
ոСĴָѾʳָˡ
ȷˡע·ںϣűȸոմһȦĲ¶˼֮ɫ
һ᲻ήѩҡƫͷ˻ζ˽һ֡
ָü̾˵أ
̫ŨˮҲûнѩ
֪ˣڴү֪ɳʲôˣԶĴںȻ˷ܵĴ󺰵Ǵ˵¶̫ߣ¾Ҫڵϴˡ
ʲôҡɵ
ڳ嵽ǰ˵ʲôǣһ֣ڵԱߣߺүʲôҲ֪
ҡְף׼Ⱥ壬ȴȻ뿪ȥڶ㣿
ʯλã֣һڿֱֹͣڱرա
û˿ԥĴĬĳߣ˼ɵ͸¶ĳЩϢ֪ġ
Ϊƻ˼ɣЩ»˵Ƶʱ
Ժǧ˼Ƭ̺ͷ⽻಻˵ظ£ȥѰʯ񡣡
šҡЩźĵͷǷ౻ڳ˯ƬԵɳĮ
׼뿪޼֮ʱȴȻ˯˯൱ڱչأÿγ˯дջ񣬱ȻǱչҪ
˷ౣ̫֮ǰ¥̰ڻûѹĸ̫׼ס
һֻߵҩףںƵ£ӣ
ιѵ֪ү˵ʲô𣿣ڵ˰ûܻĵ˵
ҡӸµһۣ˵ǲ˵ˣҲǿ󡣡
֪ڼ̲ס԰ڵЩ֪󱲣󻹲Ҫżʶڴүǳʶ
ɳӦǏɳһӲ˴ѾõĻһļȣ׼԰ڳգȴ֪ԷѾڱĵطԱˡ
ҭҭߺߵĺܲñү˵
ĻѾ˳׺ԡ
裿ҡⱻĻɳ֪衱ԼЩӡ
裬һλѾ̫ħ̫ǳս̫ң˵ħʣλ赹ǳսлϧΪƹأˡ
˵ɳЏɳ̫ŵλйأƫͷѯոһʶģôһת۾֪ˡ
ɻƳһŵĴڣ͵ոֻǲ²⣬ڿȷˡ
ķ/ʱħԨ֪֮һЩϢȻҲϲɳ
ƬɳħԨ׵ďɳʮƣ˶٣¶ֹŹ֮ɫɳ˵ǏѪ
Ѫҡʶ̧ţҲ˵ѪҺɰ¶ô⣬ôһƬɳĮѪλЏħжΰ׳
һ˶֮ĶԻֻɳϵĺûĹѾʳָΪƴ
ƳĲУɳĮٲȻһɺɫԭ͸µɳĮ˲²١֮У
ҡɫ΢䣬˵Ӧòô֣ʯʱ䶼ûѵǺӰ˾飿ԭ



165 
ջغ, ҡĳȥľٶȫֻۣܿһζİɫӰ, ӿ񱼲ǿǡ
ɫɳĮʼб, յɳռ䣬ĩ, ĺɫɰ¶ļϣһĴʹ
Ҳ֪ʲôΧſһ磬Щɰʱ׷ױ⡣
ɳĮռ, ԽΧ¶Խ, ·ӿҽĵġǽȻɳȴ޷ס£ڻкڲ
Ҳ֪ǲ̫Ѿ÷, ŹֵǲԼ͸żƽ, ϧڸ·, δı仯
ӰӰ´µڻص翣޷֪Ǵĸλ, ·Զ, ַ·ڶϡ
ʯ񣿡֪˶, ҡǰһ, ԶԶɳĮеƺһҰ, Ŀ, ȻǵҰͨڶĹؼʯ
Զʯص㣬һ֮ǰԽᣬһȸϵ
ΪԣȸoһڣƬɳĮռȻơȸֳ壬һӳܿԽ֮ľ룬һϵʯԡ
ʯģмֹ죬ȴĿһֻ۾óüġȫһϸܵĺɫƬ϶ûŹ֪ʯǷп֮ʣĿ֮ͷһȼյĻ棬ŭĿ֮ơ
ȸһণûȸӰʯһȦΧĻӰ֮Ҫֱӽʯ
ʯ񼴽֮ʣһֻɫĲѸײڶ֮ƷɵʯĵֻϣʯʱһƥƣѹøյļǱ׹ȸΪ;޴صĶ󣬼ҪɳĮһɳˡ
䵽ʯϣܿʧ·ѾʯΪһ塣ʱɳĮϿպȻʼɫ쫷磬Χʱѣѳ״
ƬռȻб֮Σ
һϵеıʷڵʯ֮䣬˭ûԤϵʱе׹ʯ񱳺֣ҡ⽫ӽС磬æ׹⡣׹ǵڶڣǲץʱ뿪ƬĿռ䣬»вԤϵΣա
ҡԾ׹⣬ԽҲæ׹⣬˵Ӱ׹ûƬռȻ
ڴʱһֻͻأ֣ƽֽŰһĨԭѾĿռ·ʱ⵹ˣ˲ָ֮ǰ״̬
ְֻ˳ϸ壬һŮ֣֮÷档
ԭڵϵʯ𣬺ɫɳĮ캣㲨ԽԽи֮ƣһƬѪɫ
衣һ޵֮⴫
캣Ĳӿ
һֱ̾ʯ񣬱ڵġ캣ͣ
Ƭ̺кȻһ֦žЯʯʧɳĮܿʲôδ㰲ú˴Ž̤ƬɫɳĮ
ڴʱһ֪ʱɳĮ׵ĺɫӰӵְֳ飬૵裿
˻ں֮УеĲɢһΣյħ
̫Ԩħ飿ħҲҴ
һϸسǰҡڴ˴ػϳȻֵţĹֹĽš
ԭһ뾫Ѫڴ˵أֲõѰáǺ˺ǺһЦûΪǰ֮˵Ļ¶ɫ
΢΢šüۣѾָλļּ䣬ˡ
̰֮ģԭǿһ˼֮Կ顣
죬ɫħ԰̫ԨħӿӰʧڡ
ŴԼҲ׷ߵ¶ĵص㣬һϵ֦֦ǸժµģѴе֦ƬƵĵҶ
֦ɳУȡһƿ˵β֪Һ嵽ɳϣ֦ѿ֦գۼͳһ˸ߡ
ƵҶ͸ŹõŵķҡΣƺƿеҺ塣
̰ԵСһĸ嶼û컯һλԭҺļޡƿޱĵ
Ѿһ˸ߵ֦·ĻԹԵĴɳĮУɳصصĸ״ܷ䡣֪Ƿ˵ػӰ죬֦ϵĺɫҶΣúҪγѪ
ŵӰܿʧɳĮС
Ѿڶҡ˲ɳĮз£ǴʱƯڰգһƬε
⡰ƯնʧظвܿƵƮڰաǹʧظǿң˽ڰմ粽С
ҡɨ㽫ڴ˵صĿԺ󣬽ͷ׿˼һתЦûȤҶһ֣
֪ڴʲô⣬ʲô
ֻˣԽоԹҡ޵УΨһ޳ĹȴҡƱվĶ棬һܻ˵Χ־ֻʾ
ܷ񲻷Ѵ֮Ƕȡһҡüۼ޺Ц⣬Цȴʮ⡣
ɫ΢Ѿжֵļƣ״ĸĺϣɫ֪ӿ˺
ҡ֪ǿƲ۵ĺʵˮϼûвСЦȷѵһ
˶٣Ѿ㶯ֵǰһ̼˵ģҪĲѵɽеһ
Ѳɽ䣬֪˵Ǻˡ
Ѿȡˣлһ˿㵺ͻɣȻĻĪ˵һԵҲû³ҡ«ʲôҩδ죬վһԿϷ
ǲԼһҡڵĴ
ȻѾ֣ӽóԸķ䡣Ը˵
ҡⲻЦЦɫаϲҪԼҿȤڲԺҪˡ
һʶ̽ɽڲ鿴Լ򲻹Ҳܱ˲ɽ䡣
ɽİϢ䣬ɽڲһ˿ɲϸ΢
ҵ˺ôҡݸȴȻ
ƹķȹȻ³ɵ˵ȻЩţȷǲɶõ챦Ĭ͹Թ͵ˡ
ϧҪʱ˺ͣһ˳֮ԷзоͲ̫ˡ
ҲõԭΪ̫ѹ˵ڱصãݲ˿
Ȼ˷õ;޵Ужϵһ죬úѹ
ֹѹлֱԷлᣬ϶һ뷨
һ˳Ķɫ࣬ҧѺֶΣƽһçײԷһʹʲôӰǵͨ
ҪлѲҡ΢תȻһЦȺִɽȡһ
ȻõҲûҪˡڿɲֹЩӷɽˣھѱ䣬ҪЩǰһռ˶λãûطˡ



166 
ҡȡķ衱, Ǽ෨һֽбcβΪƣиƽС, ˵˷ͩ, cȴǷܡ
Դڱcë, ë, β, ʹֻƾβҲƯڰ, Ҳ˵cǲԸϢǸ޷䡣
ΪcëԣǷ෨ܻӭĲ֮һ, cһֱ, ϡ, ֮ϹĳʱڷɱcѾѿӰ
֪ڵĻҡʹƽʧؾ, Գһ, ֻ, ñcβ
û, ô, cëһֱڡʧء״̬, ʧػ, ȴƫƫ, ɥʧʧءµڱcβֵԣ岢ûоԭֻ˵ѭĳֹɡ
ҡԱcβʧػİزȤֻҪ֪Ƴʧ״̬͹ˡ
ɫëȡŴ󣬶ʱƴë˲С۴С
ëСۣɫĿ£ëǹɽеĹŹλƮ
Ǳcë֮ǰû˵ڼʶ衱ִ̧ȷһ˼ʡ
ϳˣ
ҡЩȣѯʧ󣬸ͽ衱ˡñcëƵķѾټûõǰcʲôӶûû뵽һ۾ϳˡ
ȻüһۣȻĻΪ⣬·˵ϳ𡱣ҡⱻװƵҭҭ˵
黨켫ԭǱغˡ
ҡѾ֪δ¶£ôϳˡ
ҲֻǸпһδմ޼֮ػΪλ֪䡣
ǵëƮƮˮ棬˵Ӱܿ뺣֮СڰյԽʱҲϾ˼ʩֶҪ״̬
ߵǼɡһֱû˵ԽͻȻڵ
ﱻᣬԭһŻƢٺҲסαòԽΪͣոй˼ɣڶԷֻһˣ³Թһ㹻֡
Խ΢תǰ˵а취ûֻҪңΣ
ۺڽɨһۣ岻ԶҲ˵ǶоԹ޷ζԷ𵫻УԽΪº壬Ԥ֮ջ±õ
Ϊ⣬ҿ԰뿪˵أ㲻ǿǡԽûгŵ⣬ջȷǱѰѰͷǻ
ǰһĳҪҪĶȻжԹɽۻȶܾ֮ʱٳûȡ
йڣܾǸйŹ֣ʶԶ诡ѡһѡɣֻʱȷ³ޣǰк
һʱ֮֮ǣԽĵװ⣬ȻȡɽȡһⶫǰͨĹؼѱС
ȴ˵ҡƾ衰衱뺣ڣűˮˮǱУܿҵһƬɺȺ
ƬɺȺٺ֮ɫһͷһ߰ɸߣεˮĵӵ£ɺԲʱ䴦ĿĹΡ
ҡȡȣɺȺķһָʱɺɳ߰˸Сһϻӣؾصĵڶǰ
ȹȻ졣ִһϻӿĶɫЩŹ֣ƺ֪˵ʲôá
ƾѰҵϻӣϷĽΧıϻһѹһ
ҡҲСҲĶֱӾһϻƵЦеĴյǰ䲻Ĺס°ͣߣȥ㡣
ģ竿ҸŮȻ˵ߣүкӹ
ɫ΢㶣Լǳ̫һʱûӦԼ⣬ȴǷЩ׵һ˫̵ĺ۹ǣڵͫѵôżԵôȻ޺
ɫˣҡⰵ˿ûס׼ֻ֣Զֻûջؾͱץ
ˡס󣬲˵
ҡƫͷһȻһߵɺȺˣߵڣ͵ֻĶڡ
û߽Ϊ׵ǸѾ˿ڵʣǺˣ
༸˵һ۾⵽ǽ¶ŵϻӣ۾ڷ⣬һűµӾϲ壬кö౦ϻ
˿ûн˷
ҡü̧֪ǰЩӦþԭǸˣһӣż˵潫ϻȫ
ЦԼõϻӣѸͷô
ĶǼŭ̧ͷڳ𣬼Լͬˡ
ԱߵǺĿ⣬ɫ΢ݣΧĺˮ΢΢ЩΪߵǸȻعüšһ˿
֪λǺˣ
ǲ׽֮˰ɡҡЦһǵ档
Կ䣬׽ıʶȲͣ׽總ļСǧ綼ţǰ⼸Բǧˡ
ʵȴưߣǴĸƫƧı
ԭһ׽ˣƺֱڵģǽǵ֮
ȺûΨһеرǸ콣ŮޡŮҲԭһСڻңԭľͿһȺˡ
۳ͿȻȲӳǣҲǲɶƷ˧磬ǸŮ޺Ӵ˾ˡ
һ·ȻڻŮ䲻ٴɫȻǣŮڻŮȴ
ΪǰƳϷݱȷ˲Ϳ嫲ڣĿɲ
ҡɫŹֵĿԱߵˣһۿЩĪ
ǴǧˣеļɵΪǸһ󾳽磬˵Ҳλνģϼҵ֮أõЩϻӽҿߡ
ҡⲻͳԵü䴽Լδ㲻Ļ
λȤϼңԲؼ뿪һûס
ϼңǧ˻СǧˣϼʲôҡһЩ⶯ģʡ
۾ֱţǼȶˣոճɫڵĶѿڶϼҼСǧ֮ˣǧ֮ˣǡ
δ˵꣬Ļס죡



167 
壿ɨ˼һ, ɫȴЩΪ⣬Ҳǿǰ˵ۺʵϼңϼ಻Ƕˮ׼
֪ҡͬһʱ, Ҳҡĳǿˣʵ֤, ݲκһɱȡ
ü, ϸϸ, κɫһݣ˸˼, °̧, ˹浺ϼ֮ˡ
ȻֻǶ̶̼֣вԵá
浺ҡļһǸžתϵҩ֮һݵĹ浺ԭݵټ, շתòŵ֪׽֮һй浺ز
û뵽ȥ, ڱQϼ, ǹ浺ˣ˵Ŀ浺ϼС
ֻ, ϼҾȻ뼧ʥ˹ϵ⼸˵оֹٲȻǽΪԼ, תϵҩ֮һҲϼҾסǸй浺ĵĵط
ϼҾ֪֪תϵĵ
ҡԹ浺һͷˮͬ, 浺⼸ʱ, лһɫ
ԭǹ浺ɫĿһ, δΪ浺¶
˼оֹѰˣֶ˼ֽʵ¿壿޵ϣ
浺˶׽Ҳһ֪֪ϡ
ͫ΢תĵĵ˵ͷ
ɫмָӣ˹ֵĳͻѺ
˼ﻹмֻ֮ȥĽ棬Լǳڴŵλݣһʱ仹תɫ
Ī˵ϰļ˸ʢȿڵǸšüߵ˵رûץѾˡ
ŵܣô˵Եһüѵǰյҡǰֵȭһ뻹ǲԾż԰λӿȤȥҹ浺ͣҹ浺ѷ׽磬Դȴǧ硱
ϲĽܹ浺ǸȻвݣεҲûֹܹ浺̽ҡ˵ķӦ
ô˵浺ǱһĸؾҪ֣֪浺ʲôزҡݸһЦЦǰעԼˣɫĹ⡣
æ׻ûԵüڿµֱƵ˺ü¶ûӦ
˱һЦԵû궼ˣԴｬһƬ·һɵ㣬Ժ͵Ľز˿δĵҹ浺мԵĵطûеıһϫݣǡ
δ˵꣬Ѿɫ˳˻ȥ
λǴӺδģɫѿĶˣżڵʡ
ɫЩ䣬ﲢǹ浺¹̫ܵˡ
ҡ⵹û⣬ЦЦĿˣǴ׽޷ɽģ˵˵ǼʥɾӣӦҲĶ˵׽磬ʱ˹浺ĵطѲϼǼʥĺ
ʥһ˿ɫûгҲûзϣֻһֱϼУǿ߰ɣ
ҡһֱ֧ȣĵͷôʱ䣬Ҳûʲôʵˡ
˵ȳ˸㣬Ϊ׵⣬ʣ¼ͨأ֪ǵҡ
ԹԣҲ̫˵ɡ
ң˲Ȼɫ䣬뱩ػһֱûˡĶܿ죬ҡֻһӰһϢ֮ǸڵҲһˡ
ľڶڣһ󾳽С磬ӮѸ٣֪жˮ
ðɣʵ˵˴žеˮ׼ڣ˭ϵǸˮ׼ľҡ΢ԼԼҪϢʱ佫Ǹڻܡ
ֱôеĻźͺ޼Ϊش޼֮سӮû뵽Ҳ
˵ڱ˲һģֻ̫֮Ѹ˴лûüþͱˡôУܶżʮϢʱ䣬ټķܳŵ˾Ԯ
ֻǣû
ƫͷ౻֣һе󡣲ϼҵȷЩţҲ֪浺ĴڣûдĵȣȴŴеĽ԰
֮ǰԤûһ˵õȮı
ʥ˵λ࣬ǲò˵ϼҵĺ̨ȷӲ
ֻСĺܽƸ񣬻˵λ۹ƺôС



168 
߰ɡҡ⿴ڵϵļˣЩδջط, ⼸ųƹ浺ϼҵȻǹ, һԲʹɱ಻ҪĶҵ׽ٵѶ, 档
۱εǸ, Ҫڼɼˡ
û˵ֻǵɨһۺһ, ǸڵɽС
ҡȱƽʱΰ󼫲ƵľٶסȻ󿨿ǵԴһתź֪ķоƺ׽粻
ʤȨöֵɽΪսƷ, Ӧ׽粻ĵǱ֮һ, ĴӰ죬лֺܶɽʶо
ĶŶȻ浺ϼݼȻ˵Լǹ浺ˣո׿ڳϵݣǵɽǿܻݣ
ȻʧݣҡĬĬʡ, ˳⼸˵ɽ䡣
ʹҲҲν, ݾܲ, Ǹδ¶Ůϼҵλ, ݿԴ֡õݣתϵζҩϾͼζ
뵽ԭλ׷Ϳ嫵壬ҡü΢һûסĬĬ˵˾䣬Ӣ۾оΣ
ĨɽԭԵĿһۣȻðĻʲô˼
·գ᲻ȣʾøһ㡣
¶һ˿Ī֮⣬ɨҡ⣬ζ˵ÿ˺顣
ʲô𰸣ҡüļʾʱ򣬾˵ȳ鷳
۽΢˼ĶǣһǳЦô
ʲôҡһʱûӦ
̽öɽڣҲͷĵĴ㣬ȷǾһ鷳 
ҡɫһͣĻҭס˾ȳ鷳Լ˵ģҲȷĳȣԼ˵⻰еվסţǡ鷳ʴﲻʹ졣
ӸոտʼֻͲԾ￪
뵽Ҳû˵ϲ鿴Ǽöɽ䣬ǰס֣ѹЦЦ˵˵˴ϲ鷳Ҳá
ûӰ£ûǰֹӢ۾ʲôԷô콣壬˵˼Ҷһء
Ӷϣ̧ͷɽ䣬鷳ҲвͬЩ鷳鷳ջ񲻷ƣ˸֮¡
ĿⶨסͫＸܿļӰû˵ȴƺǧԭҡ£漣ڣӿһֵĸо
˵ʲô̧ۿʡ
ãֻ̾һʲôҲû˵
ŻЩůΪ̾Ϣòϲ£ҡǹֵĹǸоƵ򣬡͡һ¾ûˡ
ۣͷ˵߰ɡ
żڵȻ
ķӦոյǵˣһ˿ɲЦס΢΢ʹ˵ɾûһ
ɻǵǵμģĿ䵽ϣƽʱĳ䵭˼¶ȡ
ҡͷû˵ǶμԲõĻ䡣Ī׽磬ûΧΪ毺õòǣʱס˵ǹעһ
Ǳֻš޴롢ãȻ֮һ̫ԸĹԸոȻ꣬·һ˶Ľ䣬
һǸ߸ȻĴ콾һȻ㱻ץȥĹŮ֮νر𡣼ʹҿ˳ʱľϸС̿ƽʱûʲô󰭣żʱò
ˣ´·ˣû˵Ҳ⣬Цһָ
ҡЩ͵Դ¿ʼУˣôܻȻתԾˡ밵ʾǸϼҵ콣岻ҪӢ۾ʵȴԼԣôܻ޹ʾˡ
˼ɫ΢Ȼ¶һδ飬ǴδߣԼ⣬ǻҵһγ嶯֮ľ
ѵΪα֮壬ԵƳġ¯ҡƲ죬ûĻ
εҡҡͷʱҽƾһ۾ϳ
ҡ΢㶣⻰ȴҲûʱΪƾһǿʵġαڽʱô׾а
֪Ϊλߣʱһۿ㣬ұʶ֮СۿŨڵйâĻǡô·˵㿴ǵԵע
Ļ׵Ĵڨףҡ֪û˵ٻڿݹǳʱصСʱСʱѾˣϤ֮ҲΪ档
Լһ֮䣬ΪϤнߣϤΪһξξȴʮµĹ֮γһֵĸĸǹ˭Ҳ˵壬һ룬֮¾Ͳٷˡ
ҡⲻ֪ԭԭôģȻ֮ѭΪԭĹ䣬һпܶʧˡ
ʱҾǸ鷳Ŀָֻܿͷ˵Ϊ˲鷳ϣܿꡣ
ҡһ£ʼ꣬ȷټ棬ԭΪæû뵽лԭ
ԭΪ˲鷳ϣ㾹Ȼ˽¡٩˵ģ۸п·ʲô˵¡
ε֣иֵģ벻֪
ʲôʡ
û˵ץֵֻһԼţ̽ġƻǣողת±ǽһƬɫְ˼֡
֪ô
ҡķ·ʲôݺݻһ£ƿŵǲǲҪˡ
ʹʲô˴ǰҷôؿһƽİοǲ԰׵ɫʵûʲô˵
㡱ҡ죬ȴ֪˵ʲô
˵Ķʵڿ£²˵һμʱıŤŻȻСʱ¡
ǱʱҲǱʹʱڸǶ֤Է뱻˿һ棬þòڡ
ֻ꣬ʵ˲֪˵ʲôá
ҡең㶵Ŀû˵ȴţ´λ޼֮أһҪҵȪϵĶ
ЦһЩƣİۣʼתԪѹġ
˽ǳԻ󣬺ܿ콫·Ĺؿϣҡͨ飬ûһҵλá
ͨɺȺһȴö֮ɫɺУŻڱ׹̽з·ཬΡ
δ֪һ̶ϴΣգڰ۵λϣԷġ
ԸʹȻȻЩɡû׼ǰǹʲʵѹһУκçײٶΣվء
ʱó˻ռЩˣƩ츳ԤԵº塢Բڵӣ֮⣬һˣΪ֪顱޹˼
ҡ¶ǣɷ˵߽ǸɫĹӰŻõĹؿºͣɫǡƫ֮ǰʧػ׽ټΣյǲڣѲ̶ȴȺܶΣջҪߡ
ڼ̳Ĺؿ񡪡䲻⣬Ҿͽڰˣҽô
˼Խ̫࣬˼һױסҡú˵ĵͣҲýֱͣӽȥȥ֮ʲôˡ



169 
˽˵, Ȱ׹ɢ, ҡȴȻָոջԵ˺Ȼʧȥټ
ֻڰ, ǣֵƣһȴˡ
ҡɫ΢, չܲ̽ĺ, ˼ֻȸ, ʲô鶼ûС
Ī, ֹ˷ʤĻþ, ྫͨģ֮ľ, ʧɢҪϿеˡ
䡱һȻ
ҡ˼Ƭ, ǰժ߮ޱߡ⻨Ļ۶»õĺЧ, ȻڳþþֶֻҪһ˿ڣʵûʲôˡ
ǰһ߮þģЩóģµľ, ۴ϣʱܻʶˡ
, ҡֽڷ˳, Ȼؼʱûʲô, ۹ⶾұһڴҵʲôֻҪܰ˾͹ˡ
ĶڴСת˼Ȧ޵ıΣҡ⣬һųԾԾܡ
ҡЩ߮Ļۣкոշķߡ
Ūʲôݺүڽ˺ü磬÷Ứ۾ҡ⡣
Դû˵㲻ܻþӰĺö˵Ͳٹȥ
ʱһʲôˣһ˽һӽ㣬ſڱտڶ㰡ҵģûˡ
һתƨߵߵĸ
һ̤֣еĺ·ŨˣЩӰӰ㿵ĸߴľں˲仯Ϊħצˡ
ЩЩģЩǺӰ²ĻþҡΪǰʹ߮δܺӰ죬ࡣ
ϻΪժ£һｫʮ仨ΧԼΧЩ˹˲䱻޽ɱһ
ѾΪɱǱɱȣοЩĵвߣҡһ·޻жȥ
ķ飬ҲѾһʶʶ̫ۣҪµĥܳϸ顣ҡãϣ顣
ϵĵطֵиֱԼʮɿľ޿ӡǾ޿ףԴԴϵӿӵðĳײγһƬˮ
ҡɻ޿γɵģǵþﲢδᵽ
ɨ޿ԵһӲݵأĿȻ΢΢ס
ɫĲݴ¶һɫӣַ⣬ҡһ۾ϳӡ
ӵķ̽ȥȻӿݵĲݵһö壬öȱ˺ĺ塣
ոǲСµĻµģҡü΢šʶ޿ӷ򿿽ָץһ̧˲佫ڡ
һˮѾ뵵ǰȻ˾裬ʶˣȻѾ
ˮӿҡֻһ飬ܿƵֱֱ޿֮С
ĴڼȻµһΣ
һֵĽҡ⣬̧Ϊ˯Щģ۾ʱǰĳס
ĿܹеĽֵʽ̯۴αȵİڽֵԣϵ˲˵Ħ಻Զӣ֮ǳֲٿѾȷһ̻ʮķ˳Ľֵ
ϵˣûһΪ
þҡͷΧֻԼһխСĵſڣſڰһӣľϲ֪ʲôðײţײϷһڡ
ӣյĶôһӵ긾վǰҡ˼
ʲôҡһʱûת
Ǹ۶ʵɨҡǵӹһ˿ЦظĶô
ִܴżּߴ͸ĻֶһʱΧһĺЦ
ɣȣšҡżվӸµĿűһͷ긾ˣϴżص޲ǧˮȹȻü򵥣˶϶ȵ˹յ룬°׺ŵһΪһĨ˵ɫ
ΧȥﰵĿȴ¶ǡ
ҡüſڵĶҪˣ߽һ¹ϴţĿͿֵˡ
Ȼδȫ״µƺе鷳
ΪûˣʶΪķһЩʶͷ죬ͨ˻
ͻþԭûһ߮ˣҡͷΪһǵ̾Ϣ
ܿʹڷתһȦⷿǰԺĸ֣ǰĶ̲󣬺ԺԺӴԼ̴֮һʸţżˡ
ԱǸªӣиʯĥԱ߻ЩʶþߣӦõġ
ԺЩҡһͷ󣬲ǸþȻ˱棬ǼʥֶΡ
ƿԺţļҾߺҵķһ£ªÿ໨ᣵľԱһױ̨˵úױ̨ʵʲǼľͷļªľľ
Щ⣬ֻһŵӺ
һס
ڵĳҡ˿þѸ˸ʱұ֤Լʲô
ױ̨ǰҡĴӾԼڵģǧ֮һԼܿǰ˵ڵҲӣȻոҲô˵Ŀ⡣
˺ʵÿ£ȫûһ˿þĺۼ⵽Ǽʥͨ󣬻ǰһжģ
뵽ҡս壬廹קҪΪԼδԽˡ
ǸԱ߷ֵģǲ˵Ҳˣ
ױǰ˼Ƭ̣ҡݣԴУȳȥ̽̽˵
ʱҡɫĻصڣЩױǰ
ܺãڵɷ˰ĹѸոǸôĴӡΪ壬ȥĶɷ塣
ڽַ׳ϢĵһӦǡҾȻǸѸڶӦǡǸѸɳĴ̶̼ȿҲȲʱ·̡
˿УǴطлǣӵϵȨ˭Υûгĳ˭ҲԳǣû׼Ҳ֮ܿ
Ǵķ˵˹Ź֣ѻþ뿪¹ؼڳͳϡ
ӣڼ𣿡
ǰ⴫ĺҡ˼ǣ̾˿ȥ˵֮ǰи˺ųƲǻǵˣڳﵷңֱӱ׽˳
ڻûȫ׼֮ǰɲ



170 
о仰СѸǰǷǶࡱȻҡһֱǵͽɫֳȺԱ̫ϷҲá
ƩΪѾüûǵĹעвûռ˵ġȻƾʣ˵ǽȺ˴ȥԼҵʯĥƲս
벻ͨνɷ˰꣬Լôġ
ȵôҲϷˡҡⰵԾѣҪȥԼҲҪͬӵĽɫȥ
⼸һֱڻתƣ˵˳ⶼһȦЩĹ۲죬ɻǽ˺üһġߡ
ڽִһǰȻ⻹̵˺ˣĶ̸żʮԶˮϷ⼸ƲŻиֵ֣˵ɱʱ֣ڼûš
ϧ֪ûε̫һֱûټ
ߵߵߵߵߵҡ⣬۴⣬泿΢
˭ôõĻǺţ
ֱֲ˺üΣҡ¾ŸڲüץͷµӲֽԼʵʵſ˷ţվںԵѯʣ˭
ǰһŻɤΪ˲Ū󶯾ѹ͵еơ
͵ļƣѸͷ
ޣʲôͷ˯ͷϷˣ
ʲôҡûʡ˭ô⣬ɴѯ⡣
ʵڣĥӵġ
ҡĿ΢û׿ţǰΪû
⼸찳˳Ǵȥˡ
š֨һˣһپĴ߸һǰվţĳ࣬ҡ鲻Խץֱߵɨ㡣
սսûš
߽Ҳ໰ֱߵ׼ɻֻҡⱾûӶûݡ
ͷͰߵ׼ˮݻƶ
ҡһԴĶȫǸɹЩͨˣѵƽʱĥӵˣ
ӽղȥ𣿡ȶݺãڿڡ
ſòƤڣģüҲһ˿Ϥ֮С
ҡⲻ֪˿źһ㣬ǰ⸱ӣӡǸµĹҲزȥˣȡ֮Ǹһ˶ΰ׳
׳ֻȽϳ˹һҵС
ܳǣҡûո˵Ļ
ǴֱҡǳļĴԶӡ
ǳҡĿ¶֮ɫͷҲȻֵĴ󺺻ԼңԴӺ뿪
ոԼȥӦǰʾԼȥ˭Ҫ
Ӻųȥոܿ͵˽ϣʱɫ磬ҲˣҡⲻɫĴ۲ܣһ·Žֵߡ
ǵǹɣһյĴ죬ÿîʱµС꣬ҡֻһɵϺȻϸܵ˿
ԼǷ֮Ȼ꣬ӿŲΨһһѾŵĲ
ǰֽƳȳȵĵƹſڣڴʱ谵ĽֵΪۡҡ̤̣һϺȻһλ絽Ŀˡ
˱ſţֱͦ羢ɣªĲǱӰĵķ⡣
ҡ΢΢üⱳӰе죬ǡ
ûϸ룬ĻѾӭ
ãĶҲԶʶӡҲΪ档
ܱ꣬С㲻ɡҡЦȻĶԻ˵Ϊ˺Ȳ裬ҲûǮ
ǻƱһЦЦɫͨ죬ڰֵⲻ⣬
ǸŶƺߵĶ΢΢תͷҡлῴ˵
һȫİǹϤĸоǡ
·ǣô
ҡͫ΢ţЩȵĶ࿴ۣȻΪûˣԼϢͦĵģ˷·ǡ
ûд˿Լʱе죬⣬ѵҪ˲ֻǸҪ˲
ʱһһŮ˴ͬһӦһġֻɫ䵭ƺЩݣͬŮȴʱ۲Цֹ
ҡУŮһİӣӹһ˿Ц
룬Źȥã͹ϱˡ
ףɣôˣпæǰӭͣϳӺ󣬲ѿڶʡ
ڣȻҡûҪ裬Ǹһո޷޶豭ƵĻһڲûȥ



171 
ȿȡȻûʧǲˮ⧲䱻ҡⱻǺÿᶼҪȳ
ûʲôˣߵĶһڳ˶Ŀ䵽ϡҡæ²豭ֱôĬĬĵͷ
ڵϣͷĶһ۾Ϳ޳ĲλƵ°׵ۡͷģɵڷӰڰ˵ķϡ
˾ǸսİŮȴƳߵǸҡ·ǵǰڵִ磬ҵѾӦˡ
Ϊִ˵˵ͷʱ
¸³îڳżϣǸŮӴŲ˲ߵˣʱȮ׷ִʶ
ţԭ¾Ǵɡ
ҡⴹͷĬĬǵĶԻȻ̸̫ݵɡֲûסЦ
ҶôϷѵʲôɣ
Ц֮뵽ĵ·ǻ
һֱͷȻҲͺ˸սŵİʱʱͶĿЩڵ˵ĻĿתλִϣӵĴ˼ۣתͷŮ˵֮ͣȻﰲȫˣ¾ˡ
˵״ĵɨһֱͷԵҡ⣬Ų˷ӦȻȥ
ҡ⵽ʶʱʱ̻ϵĿȻ޷ԣˣһʱҲܲҪ׷ȥ
ѽ׼ˣһֱĻƼҪߣæ
뵽ǼϷˣҡһӵĽɫص㣬ߵһ䷢ƵۿҲ꣬ˡ
ɫ죬ҡҴɨһۣպöϰŮЩ̽Ŀ⣬ӳĳЦЦֱӳ˲
ǵⳡµôæͣҲѸ٣ǾĻû˵˲ϸܿͣˡȻͣˣȴʼ˲㱡ǵɫģЩ졣
ɺܰǷ·𶼰˯ɫԼܿһɫӰڽֵߣҡӿŲ׷ˡ
һԡ׷Уһɡϳβ
ɡɫ̫ãòɫüӲѰе·ݣ»ûѾŷ֡
ʲô
ʮ䵭ҡⲢδ⣬Цеƫͷ˵ԵɣҼ๫˰꣬ҲǸҸҵˡ
Ҹʲôģ֪ǲĴܾɵ˼֡
ҡЩԥҡҡͷüǲ֪Ұһ㣬Ҽλ׳ʿ˶ɻ϶һѺ֣๫Σ
Ե֮Ҫؿǣڼλ²̫ʣҹ۹Ӧòϲġ
ɵƶɷǵŷɢĻ
δԣô֪˭˭ʣ֪ϲһģҡͣ½ŲûɵĿ⿴һƭӡ顣
˹Ȼȥġ
治ɫĴҲ߲һֻࡣ
ҡȻһЦչȥƯһֱǰҪúÿ׼ҿɲǮ
üûлشĻɫ˵˾ţ༰Ļɢˡ
Ļ䣬ɫɢȥһڽֵϣԽԽ١£ոջ˼ĽֵȻУ·˲䶷תƣһ硣
ܿ콫˳ɢҡûȺӰţ»ص˶̡
ص̣֮ǰǸĥӵѾûټĿյϰڷľ壬Աһʪİײ
ҡƿһ۵Ķİڷ棬пһ䡰ݹ󣬾ͽݡ
ȲĽȡ𿪣ҡһĿʮеĽϵݿ꣬ü
˵úϸܶԭ¿źֻȻ֮УֻǻǵлҪӡ
ڻǴ죬Ѿ˰졣
ҡǵ֮󲻵Լ͸ϵ˾޿Ƕһ˽ǵļ죬ʱٿº治̫һ
ʱ䣬յϢҪ࣬ɫڻָʵ굽ʧ֮ǰڼǵġϢʱ䡱ûг˳ǡ
һҲע⵽˳쳣ڳǻͬѾһγû˵ʧˡ
Żʬ𼣺ҡⰵ̾һڵԭľȫͬȻ·ԭдδֹ˶ˡԤУֵ֮˻ԽԽֻ࣬²Էôʲô⡣
УǸһŮ˭˺·ʶƺܰ˳ǡ
ŴӦǸ˼ҵС㣬ͬǴģԼĹѸǲԴȨĸǧֱҪˣ
뵽ݣҡƽˣɫЦһꡣ˵˰ʻͦ˵ġ
Ӱ˵һ飬ҡһ׼
ǽɫ˵⼸ɽգҪٲ뷨׬ǮԷĶԲˡ
ڵſڣҡһ̧۾Ϳ֧һ̯λʳ¯ɵȻڼªڣææµģ
·˻յ̯ǰʣףطˣ
΢΢ףһĪģҡⲻƲƲ졣
Ӵӽ쿪ˣⶹô
һӰסߣϻǸĴҡһζ뵽ҪɫֻǮһ顣
Ǹѣҡˡȥ鶹ſϾԲ̽һȻ巢Щ仯
仯̫ϸ΢΢ȴǰһЩĹ۲ˡȻ仯̫СԺԲƣҡ⻹Ǵ˿Ҳ⣬лָʵһ졣
뵽ɿˣƺѾһԣ׼̯
˹أһֻԣԣ˲ŵĹأƫƫ˾Ͱһף̯Ķ̻֡
ԼĿ⣬̧ͷؿ
ҡ⳯һü˵ʲôȻһ˳嵽ǰϲĳ˵ӣ๫ˣ
๫ǹѸҡһµĿŵˣʶĿ۶ˡ



172 
ԴڿʲôЦҡɰͰ͵ǿЦ档
˶ҲʰˣΣԭأޱĿĿž̶ĪЩ顣
ϢԴƽеƭ˿ڳſˡҪ˵ҵҵǸ󣬺ԶӳʧôþȻܻŻ
ԴĽ˴ҡֻ⵽һ仰šüʵ˵ǳʧ٣
ԭֻ֪ӡıɷû뵽л֧߾飬˵ֻˡ
ɲǣԴĳֱߣʱҲˣ㻹ȥ๫
ҡⱻץס첲ʶ뷴ס뵽ֻ¡ĽŶԭزɫקסԴӹߵԴ㿴⸱ģĺ˼ȥѽ
ƳƳЦЦĿЦȴȸոޱ黹ˣҡⲻ⡣Ҳ֪ǲＫطȽŹûһʼľ顣
ֲļ˿ҲܿƵģʲôˣʾбһۣջߡ
һϵоٶڵʯ䣬ǱԴ¶һζЦݣҡСʤ»飬οȥúϴһȰȥɵˡ
˵ŵķˡ
ǸĪԴҡ˿ʶ̧ۿ棬ȴָոջڶ˲֪ʱʧȥټ
ɨ˼޹ɻĻصԺƿţһ
㡭ôģҡŵõȵĿ
̩ȻǰΨһĵϣһ֧ľͷҲ̧˵߽
ҡɵĿЩŵʣΪָ˶٣Ȼô˲䵽
ûش⣬վⲽǰȻֽ̧ͷ֧ӵժ¡ֻһ纷ºһͷ˿ʱк£ڼ米ϡ
ϲΪ㲷Եôҡױ̨ǰվָὫɢĳ£ֽ֮ǰŵ֧ľ纺ãŲ˵
ҡžеˣüʵ𣿡
û˰ɷžˣǲҪ
ֻ֮һ׮Ե֮ϣĶӾ￴Ŀ⵭īɫͫס
ú񲻴׼ҡŤͷšüסģ
⻻ٶе죬Ϊǰһ仰üݣֱһ仰ȡãֻס
ҡƲ죬СƵá
û뵽Щȡ֮
Ȼ˵˾ĪĻҡӾ˳Ŀ⿴ȥһ׹޷ƿ߰ɣ๫Ҫˡ
ģ֮Ҫͨ࣬ȴֶ˹ɳ˵ķ¡ģǰ͹̣ôĵطСĵطǡôΪ˷òĹѸ趨ĳĹģҪȱǿһ㡣
ǾЦһ˵ЩζǶ͵һ㡣
ƺΪĻǰӴһֵ˵˽
ҡɫ΢䣬㻹ߣ
ΪոǾ䡰๫ˡɫЩڣ뿪ĻΪҪߣ
У㲻ߡҡ˦һ۵Ҫ๫Ǻηʥ
ȵȡһסȻɷ˵ĿĴֱ׵˫ײŰݡ
ҡ⻹ûü˵շתһȦ¸еεĺӡӣŲŷſüˣ߰ɡ
㡢㡭㡱˰Ҳû˵ʲôֻŲӴҴҳݡ
ոɹ𣿿϶Ǳʲô˶ˣҡһһߺ˼롣
ʱǰȺѾߵԺչžǣһ˱ģɢƺǰ״ЩӦ
ҡһ°ͶҪˣΪʲôӳѵ˵๫
ȻˣϵϢȷӳɡ
˼ҡ⣬лһ˿죬첽ǰ㣿
ЩֵھӼȲЦôʱûСʤ»飬ǾͲˡ
˵űʶȤ뿪ˡ
ҡŲ֣ôģߵġѡȴҲ˵뵽˵ɫȻǿЩҪѭ缴ʹ֪Ҳ˵
ҪӳʱݳƺǺģ֮ʣš֨һ򿪡
ӳĿҡⲱתˣемɫ
û뵽㣬ɨһۣϿϲŭɡ
Ƭ֮ҡ⿴Žյҧгݣôӣƾʲôȥ˹Ŵһʲô
ڡ
˵Ӳĺֱӵ
ڲ֪ʱһ׺ͷڳ費ߣкӳüظһĻ
ӳ΢΢ףȻʣǺʱģԴ˴˽٣
󷽵ĽһЩڻǵϢ͸¶
ӳ˼Ƭ̣ʣΪָ٣
ٲһرɭϣλ֪ʱżֽǣȻ⾳Щͷۡ
˾ʹֽ̽һóһֽϣȻ˵дɡ
ӳֽĶ̧ͷɫĪĶ򴽵飿
ȻֻڻǣеĶҪСָ棬ϺȻ˸̨һ֧մī֭ëʡ
ӳӹһ˿ɫûʣ㣬Ժдġ
ƾߣеĴּһ䣬ҲˣطѰ
û˵˭ӳѾ˭ŵΪѡ
ע⵽ɫ¶һ˿ζԸ˵ӳʺǲ䣬ŵⲽ²δá
š֨һ򿪣ҡعͷͼ߳鲻
߰ɡдżá
ҡֵʣߣȥģ
ȡһűֽݵǰ
飿ҡӹ򿪣ֽϵݣɫŹֵ֮Ѳ̸ľ£ôҲǵ˰ɣô
ǩ֣Чˡ𴽽ǣ˵
ӳһۣޱĶҡ˵Ҫһ𣿡뿪
ҡ΢˵ϣһĨָЦǩ飬Ͳˡ
һӵ˼ǡµɷӵݣ



173 
ǵһʱЪˡûʵĳ䱸Ҳʱ򣬸ۡϷǲεϱǵĺʴڡ
ǽļ޷Զ΢谵ȵϡӳԼиģļӰڷɿ켲УͬʱмͬӰ֡
ڰм˲ԼͬԺϣ֮пҪԺʱΧȻѵصĸֱΧ£һʱ
ΪҹһʱһСԺʱҲδЪ
һһŮǰƺڵ˭
дһ󲨶һֻѩ׵Сƾճ
ҡ⿴֣۾һæʣνȥ𣿡
ѩСҡҡͷڵƺܵ˴
ӽƵһڳˡ
Աߵδ¶ʧɫȻԽѾ׼ʣ˭ȥˣ
Ҳ໰ֱһһԻǼ˵Ϣһģҵĳ඼ͱ̫һϢȴһץһ׼
һϤ˲ϳǰ˵ӷɽˣԭ޵˶Ľ˻ǡ֮ǰӳ·ǣȻξȶˡ
µĻǣ˵׽һǲˣʱ˰ѻһˣ޲˵ԪˣһĶϲ㣬һƲӵήڡ
Ȼ˶ѡڽҹֻ̽Ϊ췢˼Ѱ£úܶ˲Щס
ҪӼǰ˵𣬱ʱֵ¾ǡҡ⡱ġӳ£ºܿ챻һ¸˹ȥ
ǻˣ棬ûһ˿˿ڣû˺ڳ˲С𶯣Ҳֵ÷зȻļڶĪɥӰ𽥿ʼ
ҡЩ˵ǵһ۾ܿЩ֮ԻΪǵĻǱˣǶûˣһ߳ƤȻá
ֻǼʹ֪ǵΪޣһʱҲҲ֣һ˿ûҵ죬иҡһ䣬һεѹſʼЩߡӡ
Ǿһþһʵĳǳأ϶𸴣˵Ļɢؼ䣬ȴǲʵ
ҲΪμ˻᲻Լͬҹ̽ԵʣԴУ
ǳ﾿ʲôܣҡ̾˿
ʱҲֱӰݷóˡνëķ˲缦Ⱥ׽绽֮ʧȥΪ似򲻹ΪĸֻܿϺڵϹ䱸и֮͵͵Ǳ롣
û˵ǶԷȫ׽ǵʲôĿģֱûͷϧжϵӦ
˭һϸ΢˵˼ȷӦ
һͷ˸ߵ޴ӴǰҡԾĿźȻֵĴڣȲѣڣҲˣԣ㲻Ǵڡ
ȻʹǩͨԼǹҲֱŸ֪ԷϢ
ڵͬʱͷȻֵϬҲϲ̵Ŀڵڴүҵˣ
ҵģ¶֮ɫ
ںòײҵˣɵĿʱˣүΪ´̶ѨǾȻң
ҡϸ̽ϵϢȻȷǴڣЩġǹأڵĺȻЩ֣ܻû˵޲ûУƩܱóκζӣϢһģһ
ڳȻָ֤
˶ʱĿڴϣҡⰵ˽䱸㵽ʲô
Ȼװӽǡ
үͨϬҲߺߵ˵仰ǸӻɵĿ⣬ֱš
ڴүǽ˳ӳġְΣֻ˵ʵ
ɨһۣ΢ӳ˵һֱڳ
Ʋ죬û˴Ž⼸ľ˵үʱ˽޿ܲȥҪˡ
ҡһʹڵĵУܺԥŹ֡
ѹ֮󣬷ԼһطӦþ˵ĳֱų׽⿪סڴүҷ࣬ĸ˹
ҡһۣŴڣʣڳʲô֣
ǲǴڣҪ͸¶ʲôѶϢ
һֱûȥ棬ҡҡͷЩɵ˵ڴүǷһ¡
ʲô£ҡϵʡ
Щԭתתȥ˵ȵö첻ͷſڣڴүڳ֪¯Ϣ
غ¯ɫһݣʶ
ףû뵽Ҳ֪ЩȵĿ۾๾תƺ뵽Щʲô
ҡ⿴Ƕ˴գʣ¯ʲô
غ¯е߼ӡ
¯ȫغ¯ÿ¯ػؾ䣬֮ս֮٣غ¯֮γ١ںòиŪĻᣬ̧°͵Ľ͵
˵¯ҡü¯ⶫƺδ
ȴҡҡͷ¯֮սв֪ΪαˣƬɢ׽磬¯鶼ˣ¯Զˡ
˵ɵЩأÿ¯Ԥʾٿ쵽ˡ
һû˵ĿģƺЩʲô
׽һ콾ڻ֮ʱ׽Ϊǵʧٱ÷ণƽ֮ӿһ
Ȼڼ֮󣬲֪ʲô£Щʧ˵Ĵ밲·֮ǰǰȻ
չѾõķ˹ʱӭһλˣѺڷɽǰӭӵķȻ׵ʥˣѺʱ
ŮɫĽ˷ɽ
˹ڣµŮĲϣ䵽ǰӰϣӰϵݺȻǻǵʵʱ龰
û뵽һֱؿżɽ˵
Ƴһۣĵ˵ҲҲһֱ׽磬ֻûֶѣһ¯Ƭô
ؿӰϵΣɫ΢ѡ¯ˣ
⣿¯Ӧض˭Ҳˣϴδ⣬¯ӿɶըˡۺϷʵЦ



174 
ĻɫЩѿѹ⣬ˣΪν°ȥ
ɲҵ˼¿Ӱڣе˵أĿ΢׽磬ȴûѡ͸֪ѡˡ
ˡûپ¯֮£ɫ˵
»һУһֻɫĲɰϸ۵С
ؿۺһ˿֮ɫȻһ뱾ԴѪˡ
Ȼܱ˵ĸȴڸǻûѵġջϴ˵΢Ļȡ
Դ𱾾Ϊ¯׼ŪôһѵǰƺõģɫһĬƬ̺δĻʵ
̫ħʵԴȸĻȻų֮ԴسųֵģԴڻ̫űԴȻҪһЩؼǣ¯֮Դ
䣬Դȴʧֱ¯һ֣˲֪Դ¯ԨԴ֮ʱͼƿ¯ȴܴɣ¯ֱӽ壬ԴһΪ޲T񣬲ħԨ֮Уһȴ䲻
Դᣬ˭Ҳû뵽ǻԣȴԼڲ޼֮رӺЩһԱͨҲ˵ֻǿֻ൱ƿкʱᡣ
һĺɫɳĮǏһ뱾ԴѪҲһԴ𣬵˯ںڵď豻Լ챾ԴѣŻһ䡣
Դ¯֮һϵȻ¯Ѿ飬鲢δɢԴҲʼǸľ޿ӱŪġ
ôЩ͵ƺõİɡ²ÿɷЦЦ
Ļֱӷʧڷɽ
뿪°ۣǹһζЦ״֮ؾҪǸСѾͷˡ
費Ҫֹ֪ʱֵĽſڵ
ü̾һ˳öȤʧ֪Ǹعˡ
˵ЩʲôԸˣؿ»޲TıԴ˳ŸСȥ
ͬʱ뿪ɽطֳһ⻯ŮԸŮ֮󣬽͵ȥ
ȴµԤϷֺ
ڻǵҡ˴ʱ̸¯
¯Ӧض֮ʷ׷ݶԪǰ˵Ȳ绹Ҫϡںò׵԰ڵĻᣬҡͷԵ٩٩̸
ҡȷִ۽ĸо˵¯˲ֹǧ磿ĿǰΪֹҲ֪ǧ֣¯Ȼپ;ǧ硣
ӦϵϹŶɡ
¯֮ֻҪ򲻻پһֱڡһԵ͵
ɫŹֵĿһۣûϵ¯˽ôࡣΪ˲˷ͷ¯Ӧض챦ǵ־Ͳӵˡ
Ҳ˵¯շҡеȤȱȱת룬һٵĴɱҪӵƹܣ²Ǽ¡
ҪǸƹ¯鲻ãҪһǿǧ᣿
죬¯ûˣȴп֮ˣȻ֮˲ˣͬԵõĪô
ʲôôҡʶʡ
ڴүҲȻ¯֮֮йءںҲ²
ҡⰵͷô²ȷʵмֵ֮Ī⣬Ȼ̶Ȳʱ֮֮֮ͬҲһżΪĴ
˵ڳ֪¯飬ǰת¯ϡ
ڰȻ̧°ͣߵڴүʲôû˵¯飬ǲ
˵һĻȻֹĵֻĳ꣬ȻĻ
ʲôҡǹһ޵ЦŴڴǰĹʷ
Ƕ²һתû԰ڡ
ҡһ˵ЩʲôȻȮͣӵĽŲͳ
⿴ȥǰǺɫѱʵİ׹ȡ
ˡ
ʲô£ѵˣ
һۣѩСȻЩԹǹԹʧԭأȥ鿴ȥˡ
ôҡֿ۸үһקĴڣּգͬԼޣΪʲôԼ޾ûһʡĵģ
˼ˣҲǰĴڵǼ٣Դߵȥʲôˣ



175 
ڳȥֻƽ鷳
ҡȥ˳һ˵ҲҪȥ˲ټôĿʵڲ¶ǰ
ӳģתһ룬ʴڡ
ڸողűſ˸Ƿģɵ˵ô˴ûڴү͵͵ܳˡ
Ȼ͵͵ȥӦҲ͵͵ȥɡҡЦеĿ¶Ĺⲻôڴ˸䡣
Ļڵ۾ŵ˵ڴү»ȥ
ѵ㲻ȥһֱڳҲ֪ÿ춼ǲȥ˵ͱˡ
סֻ˶۰Ͱ͵Ŀҡ⡰ͻسʲôϵ
㲻Ǻ¯нôȥ׻˵֪γȥ
ǡ֧֧˵ԶԶһ¯н飬⻰˵˵Ǵ
ҡȫĵطĻ̡̻
תתȻǶû취ȥ̽ϢڴүΪѰǰɡ
˵Ҳȶ˻Ӧһˡ
ҡЩȥ˿˵һ粨ֻǵӴǶڱһֻ󣬷һܳȥԺĬĬı졣
֪ô뿪ˡ
ô˵ĿôŴ⣬Щ૵ڽʵе֣˵ĻҲ֪Ǽ١
Ƭ̣¯֮Ӧġ
ֻ¯Ӧض赲࣬Ȼ¯ڴˣΪŪССĽ绹ġ
һѾ˴صϢҡˣͬǻʧ
ǻǲˣ᲻ʲôʳǵޣ
Ӧ**ҡҡͷĻ
ʲô֣ҡԾһ𣬺ʡ
̫ȷҡҡͷӦ¯Ĺйء
ҡĬȻ˵ģ˶¯ΪʲôҪɱˣֻţ֣
ǲˣֻѡһǴ鿴ʲôֱǡͳﶼиأȻط̫״
˵˭п֪ĵϸҡһԺиֳһİ
ϼˣ
Ȼϼ뼧ʥϵƣǴȻ˻ǣ˵è塣ڲ·ǺһʶŮˣŮ͸¶ܰ·ǳǣڻôƵĲ࣬˵ϼǸġ
ҡ⽫ԼĲ²ûᵽǸϼҵģֻ˵пϼҵˡ
ô˵ϼҵȷмֿɡĻɫ΢
һҡصڵס롱֮ͰᵽҲ֪ôģȥԺ󣬾˳סڡ
ϲǡ顱ЧڡӡĺۼȻʧػذװװϢһʼֵ÷зţϵ˺Ȼʶˣ·ϵͳ飬˱һš
ֻеñʧûӵݣλָΪȴһʱûͷ⼸һֱѰһָΪİ취
ţĺȻ΢΢һͣ״Ƶ̤ӡ
δһϸ΢ԺϮҡһɵĶ˹˼͵Ϯˡ
㣿ҡü΢̧¶Щ֮ɫ
˲δԣһذذ׵ذһĨâһͲǷƷ
ҡֻڣʸϣûֺĶֻǿء
һֻɫС֪ʱ֣³һƶĽɫ棬ŷ·Ԫ˰˵һԡȴ˵ǻССһţ¶ҲߣȴһֿɲϢҡʹ̵ľһƣסɹĻ档
ŽһľľΪһѻҽҲɻƶΪ̶Сڵ˲佫ճһʱһҡƵĶȫƵȥʮǱ
˹Ǽ̫Ǳӹһ˿⣬йڻæ¡
δ֮룬ҡһ̧߿űߵĵӣűذ׻˵ۣ˵ǽǣжɱң
ݸһЦлèϷɫҲֻ֪һ
ذףҡ⣬ȻˣǾͱҲˡ
ҡ⿴ŲϿˣδ¶ɫԼû⣬ȻԼţͲҪ
һöӯӯˮ״׹ϷȥǶ׹ڰ;Ȼը˿˿ƵɫʱĶ׹
׹ըͻȻҪڿڱһֱӵڵء
ŪֻֽͣתҪȱƳڵĶ̡
׳׹ҡڵأذϽ˶ȻǼѪľ綾Ӷˡ
׹õͨҩƣЧ˲ۿ̵ۡûһͱƳڶأվӸµվҡǰóһʯͷ
ۻʯҡ⾪ĿĶﰵ˻ǴҶȻһû뵽Ȼó
ۻʯ˼壬ɻǵһ챦ǻ뿪ͶֻأҲԽۻʯ֮챦ľӣδɢ֮ǰѰٺʵᡣ
Ǳյľۻʯߣֻ⡣
Щɱģԭ뽫ǰɱ˰ְϣû뵽ôϣ˵ʵǼ˾ɱģ
ڴʱ⴫O@Ųɫ΢䣬ֱǰذҡĿҡƺûӦĿڵһذȥ
ڴʱһöʯӼذ״ᡣ
֤֤ڣ㻹ʲô˵
û뵽㰵кˡ
ҡ״̬ƮڰգɰٿĪ磬ﳤһڶ
Ϯ󣬺ܿ˸⡣̫иصط״̬ʱ壬طĹܼܺߣڶΪûҪҲ˵ûΪͨҲá
֮ǰǼ˵ǻʧǰܽǼ˵ʱ䣬û뵽Ȼó˾ۻʯüʱûþۻʯ
ֻϷȫףȻɱǾɱˣǲ֪ܲܳס⼸µľŭ



176 
ΧҲѶˡ
ûɱһָذױᣬۻʯҲûüãҲ֪ӵĻΪλȻ
ûпֻߵʬ塱ǰ˱ķڴϡ
Ƶʬ塱ϵѪӹһ˿ʵʵĺ⡣Ƴ˵ӦʶԼĶ
ʯóģҴδù㷽Ҳ鿴ʲôûСɨ·бӭͷһͰˮûһѹ¾壬һĿ̹Ĵ
лͲỹڴ˴ˡһźµӺЦ廰Ȼƫһаȿ֮Ǻӳͬһʱǵĳξ
һոոĻЦһ췴ȻۻʯûлǺ֤֤йأ
ˣλһ£ľۻʯģڴߵͷҲ̧ʡ
ʵۻʯƺʲô֮һҲ¶
´˻ףѲÿ¶֮һֱûĹȻӹĿ⵭ɨѾʧȥˣǹһȻЦ⡣
ոλӱǽϣдһĨԲ˵˵Ҳֲ˽㵽ͷϡ
ԣ֤֤ڣʲô˵ģЩ˿϶ģߵ˵
Сû뵽ĺ

˵ۻʯ뽩֮УۻʯûҵߵĻǣɱ˵ɲδϴֳЩţγ˶ܿ죬һӸ˵ҪӷץĵȺá
ոհ˵ĻҪ֣£ץĸܿ콫˴ߡ
ӷߣҲɢˣֻܿʣһˡ
ҡһֱ״̬Ա߿˰ϷûżصȥϾġʬ塱ǻֱ֤ݡ
˶ˣӷƮ
ʱһʵʵĿ⳯ɨҡ⶯һŤͷȥֻɫĳķɨȥ
˷ˣҡ°Ա˼ĿⲢδţһ
ΪܿڿոһӦֻ⡣Ӧûܷ
ҡⱾȺͨͨٳȥ̽뵽ոô侲ƲƲɴʲôʾҲû£ʮʱͻˡ
ͨ뿪ʮʱͿԶزǡðŻɢΣϣʹֻ˳ȥһ̽Ŀġ
ĵƮӣҡûзȥķһۣ΢֪Щʲô
ҡƮϣߵ̸ɱֱץס
һ·ķߣ״̬µӾƺƽͬҰﶼһ㵭ΧһֻĵʧС
ЩõĳΨԶݳ޵ĳмʵУͷ·һʵ飬龰Ϊ˺ʵ
ҡһоԼƺҪץסЩʲôֻ˿ת˲ţȻʧ֮С
˼ˣøٶϣֻ·һʱƳϡ
ԽŮʥŮ棿ʲôʱߵôˣҡ⿴ˣĴս
ˡΡʧ١
˵ѹüͣԼֻ֡
ٴսһ͵ȻһĪΣҡϮɿԶˣֹֻס̸Ĵƺʲô
ĿƵϣҡԶˣ桭һžۻʯ
桢Խ˾Ȼһʵ˲˼飡
˵ԽĶԹԭĹϵɲôǵ֮ǰΪǹҲͿ˴֡
ʲôһҡԺȻһ⣬ѵ֮ǰ´ˣǼʧϼ޹أǼй
ŪȥΣƺײĻ֮һˣ
ֻռΪʲôǻҡķߣǼèԵٲ飬ڵصǽ
ܿҡ͵˳ϵĺôǲĴŴȥһ·˳Ժͣ
ô
ŵǰǲ͸ҡЩԽ磬඼޷ͨ
͸һȦ˼Ѳߵĸ⣬ӰûѵЩ⣬ֻгһˣ
ƽ޹ҡȻ˵֮ǰһֱѺڳسӦҲ
뵽ƿԺʼڳطơ濴ȥľҲضãĿ
ʣϪ˸滨ݣҡԾʶ㣬ôѵһƷҲɿۡ
ľҶ١֥īҶݡоתϵľŰȻŰҩ֮һ׽ɱҩϾζҩ׽缸޴ŰȴʵʵļƷ黨
ҡ鲻ԽҪһ絯
ȻƷôֵܾڵϣź̾˿ĿƶпһϤӰ
ֻһֻ˸ߵϬ͵͵һֻŬٵأͷ֧ǲ㱣ֲĽ磬ͼ
ֻۿĳԻ̽Ϣȴ͵ֲֻǻܰѽŪɣ
ҡ⸹֮ʱȻһϸ΢ġꡱڵֻǾȻڽ꿪һϸСѷ졣
ŪˣڴүˣССĴ鿴ûʲôΣպٽǶǸŪѷ죬ѷ췶ΧӴ
ҡЩŵĶŲԶĴڣֻ֪ϬСȥα桱ͫɣϬþֻϬǰ࣬û뵽ĽôӲ඼ȥĽ羹ȻĽǸˡ
Ҳ˵Ժˣ
Ǳߴڽ϶ԽԽ󣬺ܿǰǿͳһˮͰС״϶ǿ϶һƿڵͷƿľУĹԴʼ͵ֲ
ڡҡƮ˹ȥʶк
͵ԵĴڡ顱һԴ͵ײϣֻޱײ߻ءŵİԴ.ﶼģӰ
˭˭ڽڴү



177 
Ʋκó𣿡һĵڴʶ𵴡
ڲ㱻ǺҵĿܶ˵˭װŪСڴү㣡
ⷬе󣬴ʱǡһѲߵĸߣߡڹʼʩءһ±һֻƿӵĽïֲܵ¡
ѵĽһֱڻָ˸ϵʱƿĴֻʣһ˿ԲѺۡԼû뵽ƿ磬ҲûϸΧתȦûʲô־תˡ
Ѳߵ˳ûӰڴӵ¹ֲܵ׸׵˫ð̹⣬޲ֻ˹ȥ
˶󡭡ߣ
һ޵ڴڶըǰһֱӱ˽硣
ԱߵҡûǾ仰ۿڱ󱻽缷͵ɳȥ
û뵽羹Ȼôܽȥ˼ȥﾪ治ѣܽȥܱȽȥҪǿ˵ȥܼ֮λ
뵽Ҳ׽Ūˣֱʶͨ
ȥǱߵĽ磿ܻĴںҡϺĻˣ㣬˽㣬ӽ㡭ֻҪͷҽڶУ
ҡû뵽ڷӦôңֵʣողǽŪô
һǱߵĽߵĺˣڻ˻ԴͷϵĶ⣬ҵĽǻûã˻۵ģ˵۶ϡ
˵ȥȥҡڣóҪģкôܵñ˭죬˼ҵܸ࣬û»ܱΰʣͬԼޣôô
ĲЩڣҪڴүԡ
ҡһΪӦ
ӦҪŪ磬ֻȷǰĶ͵͵ܵԺǱȲ̽ǶԽģֻѲߵŲ˸ڴ촳Ժʲô˶ûС
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Žתתȥ֪ڸʲôҡɵʲô
ĸطĽһ߽һתƣǷʲô˷ܵ˵ҵˣ
ĴԭشתȻЩȷʣֻҪŪһУ
ţŵ㣬ҪѽǶˡҡһЩĽȻﲻѾʱˣʱԽԽȶҪǳʲôأ޶ûطȥ
ƽʱƤЦģѵ׽ʱҪʼˡ
ҡ⻹ǵһμô࣬ɱ̬ȸȾ֣µĴá
ֻǻûӣͱھƨŤŤȥģ㶺ЦԭؿͷĶǵڽϣϵƷ·Ϊ⡣
֪˶ãȻˮư׶Χһ˿϶ҡ⵱Ʈ˹ȥǸСС϶мȥ
ȥͬʱǸòױŪ϶ͻָ·ʯӻˮƽϢˮ棬ʲôۼû¡
໣үؿˣſڵϣǰס˵
нŲοԼ˵ĶǣҴҴӵֹһ䣬ɿ뿪˵ء
£Ͳڴүˡ
ҡⴳͷһ˿ԾȻָΪˣ׼ȷ˵ٰ꣬ı
ڽͷϵ״̬һ˱ǣΪָˡ
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ԭش˰ΣҡȻһ󵨵뷨ѵֻܽ磬˽൱뿪ǣǺΪͨͨˡ
ԽͷԽͨڻǵʵǽǵֻ꣬иĽɫߣԽҲΪʲô˵ԽͶɫΪָԽ졣
ȻʵֻǸ壬ԽԽԽǡֻӽ紳ǡ
ô˵ΪָİȫҲˣҡⰵһ˻Ǻи
ͷܲûǵͽոиЩء
˼·ǰҡо۲ܣǰĳڽͷĲһ
һ¯ͽǰ
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÷۵üĻһź޵Ĺ룬཰۵ģ껭ޣ˺޲·ˮС
ȻҡĻ⣬ǵһˣʲôô
ϧҪҵˡ
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ҡ沿źͰƵ΢Ц˵Ҫʲôˣ˵ܰ㡣
ŮͯתתĴ۾ˡ
ֱһҡֻúеŶԷɰİԼЦʣ㿴Ҳ˵ǵһľûʲôô
Ǿͽͱ˵˵ɡ̧°һռ˴ˡ飬ҡⲻݸ
СһһĴס˵ҪһΪѴ㡱ӣʵ̫Ȥˡ
Ҹγƺ㣿ҡȻһЦ˵
ҲЩǰλС֮ࡣ
СŮͯԴָ˵ͷ˺һŵҰˡ
ꣿҡ΢飬ꡭ¯Ҳ߯򵥴ֱЩ
ԹȻ¯
Լĵͷת߱˵ҪԶĶԡ
ҡ󷽲ʳ˵˷⡢顢¶ԡ
һ֣߰ҡ˼Щ죬ϴ붼ˣʣµĶЩǧٹֵĶƾͼʡ
Щ죬۽磬˵ǵɫķθ㡰⡱û´ĻԭӦǼƷ黨˵аһ˿Ѫղأ
˵͸״С룬Ӧ˵ı飬ԭǾر˻лбԣһּ黨Ȼ󲻱ȳԼһ飬ڸмѡ
֮һɨȥЩ׽ͷֲֻǰλаСϡ
ҡⲻ̫ؿڸ֮仹СӰԵ죬˸пһݳûˣЩ죬Щݡ
Щ鶼ʲô״Ʋɨ۵ϵᣬǻ϶̯ģϵ֣ɨ̽˵ĶƣǴɡ
˵Щô굹ǲô⣬ıһԭġ
ҡû⻰˼֪ݺɫǾʡ
ιѸǳ˳飬Щ룬ȻԤòڻǵݣǰհġ
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һǱǷдһСһʵİ£Ǵǧ˽дõģ趨ʮ档
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ҡҭҭ˵Щ£յΪҪŪȥΪ˺α
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˵ʲôܹݣʵʵͷԡҡͷԵĽ͵
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ǡҪҵеĻŮģҡⱾˡ˭ı֪Ų͸¶С￴аҪΪúŪˡ
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ҪǻûҪҵˣô죿ҡתһ룬ֽƵҪҵĲûϵֻҪͺá
ģܸ֪Ҫҵˡ˵
ҡ˼ĵͷӦʣǲֻҪ˽뿪ˣ
ͷԣұΪǵһˡ
ǳأȥΣҡʣֻдĽ뿪ǣǳǵĽʲô
ѽ⣬¶һԵõЦݣкܺĶĺõģ뿪
Ȼûʲôҡ⿴ЦĪܾܺĶܿˡ
㣬ǰûˣȻԹĿⶢҡ⣬ӺȻŷ⣬ҿŪһһģһֿ԰ԭˡ
Сָ֣趯ǰһӰȫԻԺҡ⼸ҪԼ۾
˵ĳȻһģһϵϢһվҲҪֲ˭
һ̣ҡıҲСǰСŮˡ
ȥɡЦеĿԼĽһڻУͬһʱ䣬Ǹԭڴϵġʬ塱˲ʧ
㣬˵˭һðƻתͷҡ⣬˷ܵ˵
ҡ⳹ײ֪˵ʲô΢ɬǸһٽȥô뿪
ѾͷʹΪֹǸħǣеҪҵ˲ԼȻ̯СħǻҪ١
ŶǶû˵껰أӣ죬һϷˡ
̧ǰһĨǵĳ˲ǰ



179 
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ܹ뿪ǣ᲻֪ˡҡһ߿ŻڵĶһ߹ĵʡ
óۻʯ޷ͻ˳ͻƽĶǼƺ֪Щʲô˵Ǽʧȥǵ˾ǵֱʡ
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ֵ֪뿪ǣαسȡ˵Ļǣ
鹾๾תͣץһű˵мΪָ̫ܽˡ
ָ㣿ҡ΢ﰵ²ָǵ˭
Ҫ˵ĽˣһЦȻЩʲôǸؽг𣿡
ҡع˵ͷҡҡͷ˵ûУѽԨԴ
ʵŮǣûǣ޳ǴԼᱣ־ˮˮ״̬
лŮ˵ϢҲϲüЩ˵
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ǺһЦΪŮ˱ץΣҪ
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Ǽҡ΢΢üµ˵θ󣬻Ҿ͸ûɢˡ
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ҡ⣬ЦǼͦġ
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ŲŲˮĺۺĵҺѸԭŪ㻹Ǻһ𣬲Ǽʲô
ԭ䣿ҡЩ֪֪ʲôԭãȻǻǰɫݵСħǣ޷óƶϡ
˻񣬰ȻŬŬָŰӰĻϳֵĳǼҲˡ
ǼˣҡⱻĻ˵ԣһȽħצཱུİϣʹࡣ
ƴѿűú˵ڵĵ˵ߣ˵ˣǾͿܲϳ
϶ϵóҡⲻɫջ֣ո.˲Լ˵ˡҲԼһСѡôҲˣȻǻᴫȾġ
ͷ֮תͷмػǵĳպÿǼҡ뿪ıӰ
ˡգĺۣ۽ᣬһ⡣
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ƲƲ죬̧°ŵ˵ŪĶûֱܷ١



180 
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Ȼ廰Ůڳ˲ԼͬתͷſֻǶ֪ʱվλǳȹŮòѰŮӶһ˿Ӣ֮м顣
Ǻʱģ·ԴȵĿˣһݡ
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Ҳֻ俴˵ֻǿۡŵġҡ⡱һ΢ЦĿ˿ûн͸¶Ĵ㣬ζԡ
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˵Ҳ˷Ӧʱ䣬ת뿪ҡ⡱ӳ·΢΢⣬ɵĸ
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ǲڳ˵ľûд˵ԻϴĵЦҡȻֳҲ﷢ë
ֻ鲻̫ãҲһ֮ǰЩȻֻǱǰƽȻǸðƻĳģﻹǲЩ顣
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ҡЦһദմָ꣬˵ĶͷˣתİҲ½ס
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ȣ֪ҡ֣һӵ˵Լõܽû뵽ܺԾ
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ҡ죬˼ǧȴ֪˵ʲô˵çײ׽綼Ӧˣһһ˼ǣ±ؽ¶ȫ˵ոյ£ʵ̫ˡ
󵨵ҡ⼸˻³ç¡
ڻڣû˸ұ֤᲻ɢοƿҪΪ״̬ΣգԾڲ˽Ѱ
ⳡ˿ĶĲ֪ҡ֪ӮˣʹˣΪľѡ
֪˿ģıȴӲ֪˷󵨵һ棬һʵľ
˼֮ʣһŰµ˳ſڡ
ꡰ롱һվ¶ϲɵɫૣԣԣΪʲô
ҡ˲˳סԭתİ꣬ʲô£
⸱ӣǲҪҵˣ
УҪȥɫҡ֣ŽѾһ·աſڵķܡ
嵽ǰ䲻ıסĴȡ
ҡһ飬˵ͼѾſա˳ȥ
һߣʣˡҡ⿴ŶˣоΧ¶轵ž֮Ҳܲľŋ£̲ס˸
ǸҪ̹ף˵ĬĬǰֺõק½ǣ˵
ɫһ˦䣬֣û˵
ҡ￩һ£֪ˡ
֪ˡһתûڲٵֱϴȥקֲšԤʱ˳ëۣ³᲻̫á
δ֮Сκÿڡ



182 
ɤյʶ˼ֵͳ·ڶĩıˮʹ
Ҳжȥ
ҡգգۣŬװԼժȥϵڳʱ䱾һˣ壬ͨȥ̽Ϣٻȥἰûϵ˳һȥˡ
ٺŪ˸ðƻȥܲϳֱǸðƻ٣ڳ￴˺üġϷҡ⽫Խᱩ¶˽Ŀ¾ۼڳиոǳϷ
ȻǶ͸¶ģֻģֵļҡΧڳһŲ֪޹ġ
ô򵥣һۣ
ҡⱾͷĿҡҡͷһԴǵ˵Ĵ㵣ô죬û뾡취㴫Ϣ
ղƺ˲١ɱ鵭
ôҡʶ⼸תĴԻ˲ٺöԾɫ
Ķвһ˿Ц⣬ֻЦת˲ţûޱƤǱȴǰ˲١
ҡҭҭ˵飬ûеúúããҲΪС
ƺȡ·ûƲµǣһʡ
ӲǾ˫Ҳܴܿ磬ȻȡҡһеһһжƤ£ոһʱʱװװӣǾȻڳȴʲô֪һ
Ȼǳ˹
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ֹϢһģһ඼ûв쳣һʼ¶ţһʱƭȥˡ
ʲôٰҵˡҡԭװ֪飬ֻǿ۾ԽԽû
ûʲô˵ƽȸոҡġ
ΣջĿ֮£⼸յľгǿЩ¶鰢ģֻһȥ޹ˡ
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ݸŹᳰԣ˵˵ȥǱ˵Ĵ
Ҳдҡ̵ķʡԼһԹۿϷһݻǲܣ֪Ǿףһܳġ
˵ʮֹԾ˸ƨ
أ̩Ȼļ˵Ͽ
УСҡ컹С˰ΣһʱҲ벻ʲôʮ⡱Ļ¡
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ҴˣҡεĵǸ˼ϣסؿڲ䣬дұ֤Ҳ´ˡ
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ͷֻܿͷߣеıѩڣֻ˵Ҫƣɼ޳⡣
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⻰ΪѵĵͷЩ˵ģˣ
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ħľͲˡε̾˿ЩӣǻˣŪûô׾͹ȥֻԷ޷ӲĳǺã
ҡ֪ԼЦеĳ˵ôԼϵ˵ȻǺҲҪſ
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û뵽꾹Ȼ·ǴˣѵҪҵˣ
ҵˣ
ҡһ˵һ߲ɫŲԱߵĿһɨ΢Թࡣ
Ļָ·Ƕˣȥʯġ
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ǣĹҲһʯģʯģԽʱ̫һǴеõġ
ֵʯģĹʯʲôϵô
ҲûʲôѵıҪҡֻ·΢΢׵кߵʯǰԲ૵ȻֲҪҴⶫߣ
ֹֿ֮ʼüһŰҡҡˣιǿ
һƮԼԼǱԾһŪЩӰƲƲ·߿øЩ
һߵ·ǼȸߵСѾͷɾ죬ոڳϸСѾͷ飬ܻεδڳҲֻܼľǹڣ޷ǹڡ
ʲô˼Ȳ˵ҲûȥʯģҡС߳ŭŪЩֻȿڴƳš
Ȼ󶮰ոձԹĻܲµһЩ˴裬谭ôӦþ·֮䡣
ҪȥĻʯġµ񣬰ȴԸԣֻһ㱵˵
ҡקק½ǣʯӦѰõģһʼԼҪҵˣԡ
һְ̧ۣʯϡʯûʲôӦʯЩʼӿ⣬Щⲻҫֻۣģģ͸ЩΡ
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ҡ˽Աʯĵı仯ֱƴʯÿЩɢ˲ŷ·ද
ҧָͷЩɵקק·ǵ䣬ȥԡ
·ɫ΢˵ͷƷʯϡ
ʯĺ͸ոһʼûʲôӦƬ̺ʯϵӿ⣬Ҫ֮ǰµҫۣ뵵ĳɫС¯ȸոյʹˣ޷ԳС¯ȫò
ΪʲôһĿǰĳƨһ׹ֱڵϴأΪʲô
ҡĿɿڴε̾˿ץסڵϷˣ꣬㵽ôˣ
ѵΪҪҵˣ
Ѳʯ⣿ҡַʯϡ
⻹δȫɢʯĺȻâΧȻԼԼĴΧ˳˰ⶼС
ҡԼվһǰʻҰɫŰ뿪ſȥһƬʲôҲȰ뿪ŷ·˶ɵ޵죬Ͷ
Ȼ⣬ҡȴ·ʲô
ƴҪˣȴ޼£ۿѾſڣİֻѾҪ̤룬һԽĽ𣬽ҡ˻
ҡ͵ֻۣһѴֲڵĽ߲֪ʱȵĲʯϣɸոġ
һֻסЩƣҡһס֡ոǰֵʲôͷϢ֮ǰʶ̫ʱ̫ħкˡ
һ߰۾ĶʯϵĽߣȵ˵Ȼû뵽Ҳˡ



183 
ԭҰ׹±ôһҲעǰĽϡ
Ǳߡ˫۷ŹģҡԽߵ档̫ǸӼߣ˾ƺΪ
ֻϸǧ硰硱ˣȻʶǱߣ֤ڲʹڡ
һԪĶ̶ȻȲ컯ֶܶŴ϶в֮
Ƿӻе˼ӦǲȻͥĺĳԱͥ⣬綼ҪΪͥĳԱ˵۹ضǼߵģùþƺһߵĵȼдȶ
ϰȲʷҪƾõ¯Դ̬ȣ˼·ûϵ֡
ȻʯŵĽ߿ָһ˵
ûǰס𡣽뿪ʯʱַһҡȷոĽǳڵĽߡ
ǰǲӦسŵ뿪ûнջʶתͷʰꡣ
ҡЩ죬ոյı֣ӦһĿҪҵˣʱߣǽṰ
ǰǰ¯飿·ǺȻ廰ȻڸոջڵôСǰеϰ
˳ΪǰҪڵǰף̧°ͣ뱳˫ԭⲽ˼£κСֶ̣ղһ𣬳˼޹߳ŭ˦˦֣ߵǴ˽Ψһ¯飡
ڿʼҾˡָ·һ˵
ҪǵˣҡסЦ˵¯ûˣû뵽ܷ˰ԭʹӵģ
ͷһɫ˵ȻҿǵңͲС
ǸӦ϶ӡϢʯҲ޷ȷϵĸҪҵˣҲСܡ
ҡⱻĻҭסʲôû˵ֱˣ
ҳ¯ߣһȻ룬֪ʱһǹȻڼǰ
գգۣǹ飿ԣ·ҵĲлꡣ
лꣿ˵ڳֻʣ²лꣿǹڵԻδ˵һԵ·ĻȻɫ䡣
лǳʱûвȫɢءȻ鲻ͬǣǼǹȡ֮Ϊ飬Ѱϵ飬û޲л꣬ʱһл껹ǻɢ
ɵĻðüëһšߺߵĲѵ¯飬ϴ
·ǻ˵Ȼ˶٣Ҳ֪ǲԺ˵ʲôɫƽ
ǰ˵ĳ¯ʲô˼ҡûѯʣ¯ѵǴڿб¯ˣ
¯˻֣ѡеĳ¯Ҫ¯־жһոû˵ͣȪʣ˿ѡΪ¯ߺе
ҡȻƬ̺¶Ȼ֮ɫԭõ¯Ͽɻֹ涨
ϸҲ¯Ϊ֮ʵĳ̶ֳվ˵Ķϣ¯߲նǧܿһҲ͵ò¯Ρ
Ϊ¯ȻΪ¼ҹˣ¯Ͽɻõ棬һĻֲ˾ܾˡҡոĻúЦ׽ѡ񣬱˵ΪǰڹŸɡ
û뵽㵹֪ͦģûзĻһת˵ǲǵõ¯Ƭ
û˵ҲһʱûκƲƲ죬תͷ·ǣô
·ǱƺҲǹ鰵ʻɫһ׵Ը⡣
Ľɫ⣬ܰӢůʹ崺ʸСʱվʢżģʵڽĸġ
ҡȻͰղ˵ʲôʱҲ̲סʱ
ȻһɨعƫͷԹջ˿·ǵĿ⡣
˭Ҫܣûˡ
·ûɫָڽһһͳԽڷ治ɫ˵ˡ
ʱԭڵϵʯĺȻ嵽ǰ
ס꿴Űеʯ׳ӺȻһ⣬һЦʯ͸ˣĥʯ
䣬ɫʯĺȻƶСֱӳüģĽҲһʶ
ҡһԿĿ࣬ʯ˵ĻӦǸȲҪĥԼ
ŵҴǳȥɡ
һӣҡֻǰһ֮ǰĵطֻԭǸ޿ӵλóһƬд֡
ܿ˼ۣȷѾ뿪ǣص
ˣȥĶˣҡȻ֪ܵĶȥĴڣæһİꡣ
Աߵ·һƫͷȻҲȤ
˸˵֮ǰһżȫӵȥˣõĻӦúܿܳ
һʼֻԾȥȻҵһӡϢˣ;÷꣬ǸʲôŮ˷ҪչֱӽڵȫŪˡ
ֻ͵Ҷĳ׳ƺ֪ҡҪ˵ʲôߺߵ˵
ҡ뵽С桱ĳ⣬ֻܰรˡ
ڵˣδõģȻʵ
ɴۣӶ䣬ףˣ˵ĿѰƬ̺˵֣Ȼˡ
ҡ΢ˣ
һΪôֱͣ¯
ȻδʧٵϣΪĿżˣƲˣҴȥط
˵ֲȼ˵˲Ƶһط
˻δվȣ·Ƕǰɫѿڶ
㣿ҡĻ  ԭһǴӵֱӱĵ߲ˣ
գգۣĿѲһȦĵͷΪһ㣬ǵļʶǿϸ񡣡
Ͳ󣬴ֻһ꣬ʱһ٣Լڴ˵شꡣ
ֳΪʱΪرµʱ粻֮ͬʱֵǮҲֵǮģʱٵķ٣ҶһεĴ۷ǳٱҲֻһʮջȲϳɱ׽ͨʱٵĲΪ
ԭ֮ΪǣͬԶԶ׿Ϊͬһǧʱ䣬Ҳ˵Ϊ˵ĹʵѾӽǧꡣ



184 
ҡܾ޼֮ؾɽļʥ޷ǾΪڵ
ûţʱֵǮ岮չؾǰ㡣ǰ򷴹ʱֵǮĶȻҲᴫĳĳĳĳ˼¼ơ
ǰܿʱ˦ͬбסƾ׶˼ʱΪԶǰͬ׶ʵ䲻ƭˣǰ͸֧ڷҪ㡣
ȻΪҲдȵ׶ʵԺԲơ
ʹ洦Զڱ״׽Ҳ֮ǰ˵ջԶСͶ룬Ǵ޷⣬ûҪ͸֧˻󱲵ȡʱĸΪϾֻҪ̺õ·ߣܴﵽͬĳɾ͡
һ㹻ֳɵӲŪ͸֧ġʱ
׽ôҲֻмͬʱΪľϹʱڵĳ˹ʺĳؾǧ֪Źȥꡣ
֮вѰǸؾκôȥǸؾһֱû֣Ժܶ˶Ǹеؾֻ̬ȡ
ԭ±չغ½ڵһٵʱ٣Ϣ׽磬ʱֱʱ׽˹㷺Ĺע
ҡȱľʱ䣬۲ѾãۼֱӴӵ˲Ƶ߲㣬ֱ޲ñ׼ڡ
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ҡļһʵǲҲй
ڻڴ˲а£ո㣬ֻȥ죬ʱٲһ
ͷ˵һ֦
ǹڵĻ̲סʹļ׵˵
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ΪԳɻǰյһֵ꣬ɹѹְһ֦۵̲ס֦ժ¾ֻпήķݣȫںķı徫
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ŽѾһû󷨣²һƬҵʱ
ศɣӦоųɾ˵
µòʦ֣ҵʱ롣
˵Ĳǰ꣬Ī棬żֲϣ㣬óʮʢ
ҡⱻȻһԭֱ뿪û֨ʶΪûвǣһ꣬Ǳǣͳɾˡ
ӴСˡɣգźЦе˵
˻֦Щ˵һ֦Ҳˡ
ߣС
ûܰ꣬ҡ˵֧Ҫ飬Ҫ͸Ͻɡ
ȴʵжʾĴ󷽡
ԣϽף׼±չޡ
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Խ·ųľٶҡ΢ЩڣϾȻ޼֮ת۾͵İ˶Դƺе㲻صڻ·ҲȻǸðƻ
˵ػбˡͽЩԺ
üЩɵĴûʲôˣ
ոһ˲ҲԼһ˿ѰϢӦΪȻй¶ټ
ӦѡɡŲæ˵
ҡͷа̾˿Ȼ˿ϢһţмİȷϢǼֱӱģԭڳĵ˭͵жãһŲ֪
ѵνǹ⻷︹̲ѡ
ҡҡͷӹĸ֪
ҡ֪˼Ȼͬûǲϣͻ
ˣѵһɣýŵŶԡνʼ磬ͬ棬ԼƾʵӮ
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ҡ۾գգ𴽽ǣǰʾҽ˼ϣ
¶ˣûнĵͷȾЩЦ⡣
ңСѧղŰ˵ֵ
üƵͳһڵϣ֮ǰڻ˵Ļҵɻû
СǼˡ
ҡ²ۣƳóŲǰһǽƵţ
мһںһͬĶ޷ʳã˷ֽƳţ侲ĹЧͨʮ౶
ؼĵϲˮ°빦ֻóţ϶меĸ߼
ˣΪ׼һ֮ǰһֱû͸㡣ҡ⿴ţȻɽһ
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185 
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ҡգգۣסĲһɵʣѽ¸֮᲻һ㣿
̲סֺܿѹ£ֵףǾͽ˵óǶ޷תҿɲա
˵ѾＴʹ⣬Ҳյȫա
⡣Ϊģҡ˵ŷſִСڽȡ
̯ƣĶ˸ƶ΢;Ǿɽˮɽһٲϸʵһ͵渣ض
ЯĶΣ
ЦеĽ֮ǰ޼֮صĹյЯƷŋɸǺ彻õԯһۼƶ뵽
һѳëʳޣ޵Ժӣʳסר˴ë˷ָõɸȥιһȦŋɸֱΪġ
ûרġҡóһĴָӣ͸ģƯɫ治Ϲ
˻ӣЦⶴɴСɽСƶҪҪڽȥιۣ
򱡴ȴЦ⣬ͷ
ҡ⽫һŽеɫûһССɫӰòһ޶ʱŋɸ֣һ˶ʱСɸС
ûֱӽסĶڶתһȦԯƷΪŋɸ˷һ⣬һһɸ֮Ʋ˵
뵵嶥˹һƥǰɽк£һ㱡ɴˮɽ嶼֮Сʯϵˮɶ񻨣һĴƮɢ·ųĿɫâ
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Ǹɫݣѩ׵¹ɺΧ߶ûпǵˣ˹ܵתƣһֻ¹ɵ¹ܵҡǰԴ
ҡ¹ƫͷ˵Σľɫɡ
̧ۿΧ¶֮ɫݸŋɸ֮ơ
ɸ޾廹Ҫ֣죬ľȻ·ԶŴڴ
ȥơҡٲߣ֪ܾ
áüۺЦһȥ
Ķɽٲеˮζն𣬴ٲմˮʪ̤붴ڣǼ͵ĴԱбչصľҡҡ͵ĿҡҡҡȵȣһʽеĶһӦȫ
ⶴĵλˡתһȦп
ҡü֪۹ߣɸĿ϶θڡڵĶ䲻Ǽ棬ȴЩȤҲûĺۼӦûˡ
ⶴ˿»һ˼ǲ֪ΪΪ͸
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˻̲ɫ͸ɽռҶ£߳ʱͻ·ϸʯʮƯһɫ䰵Щͻɢİ׹⣬ΪСɣһȥں嫷¡
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ҡһһ߽ܣͣڲǰĲ鲻࣬ԺʵͿˣôɻ⣿
ȻⶴƵģҲ˲ٹ棬׼ûִ
⣬ⲻ·ʢǹ⣬ԡԭʳ̻䵭ʶһ۵ᡣ
ҡ΢΢ͷͷ΢ֻЦ̫԰ף·Ŀըһ仨ߵǧֻܻһ䣺Ȼɫˡ
Цס֫ͷʵ֪ġϢСɰĶʱѪ죬΢ǱĶẬ
һ䡱֪ѣֻĶ䱾УŪӶһ룬ֻüѵıͷ϶˵ȣȻˡҡȳȥ˵
ӵĴùɸӣȥ
ԭľΪҪƷĿΪףƿɸҪپȴտʼӣһֱڳ˯ɸƺʲôѣųϻ̳ϿֱֵӽɸĿȨ
һɸҡͲʱȨߣɴ񿴹㿴ʣھͽˣ
ǽߵĹ͡ҲԵɺ̵ŽƱѹƵųǶ
ҡ֪Ķ΢΢ס㡭
Ӽǿ࣬ҲһԿףһǶ룬൱ڰѱԿ׽ŋɸӵĿȨڣΨһƿɸˡ
ŋɸûʹĸоһΪСڣɸ󣬶ԼҲ̬̽ȡ
ԥĽɸĿȨȻʱǸеһĿӡ
㶵ģͷЩźЩ͵תתӣ̾һеֻĲЩźĸҧ˿ڣδɿ΢ƣ߰ɡ
Ȼŋɸ㹻ȫûǱ˵ĵ̣˵ʼղء
ҡűҧǣԽ¾ͱɸ
뿪ɸ󣬱øˣҲûΪҡ⣬ȡһƵţ˿ʼԱչء
׽粢ƳһֱչؿޣϾչزʵսҲΪҪһζչؿֻ±룬òʧ񻷾⣬һٵʱ£չнʿʱ㣬ܻдͻơ
ҡչزƵһξ֮ǰ޼֮صǴΡȻϴαչʱ䲻ʱ䵽ײǱǷŮҪѴʱ
ǰûʱ㹻ʱ䣬ҡһҪϸУȡΪս׼
һѾչ״̬Ϣ۾˷·һƬСҡδѯʲô䣬ۼⳡһʱЩȣδҲʼϢ
ν£ӱչ״̬ѹѾѹӵ塣



186 
ҡ⼸˳ıչؿ֮ȴΪˡ󱲻عϢӿȻš嶼гϡ洫Ϣʧٵ˺󱲴˷мʱһЩĸ
ǻع飬Ϣȴ㹻Ӱ޸֡
һۣǬλǰʮ콾񶼲඼ľʹǰƼ꣬Ҳδй˶಻žۼͬһʱ
ͬʱ塢̫塢ʥѼĻ嶼һѪеʮʥĺҲƵ֮ħħ͵٣Ȼ콾ϱȲˡ壬Ҳг֮
˷Ƽʻĳ浱һ䡰׽ǰĴּϼʮǰ־޶һɽŷΧŨʱ桢ӳȺ˶Ǹصնǵľٶʵ϶ʦƤ±˵ʧٺü¾ʧһʱ̶ע
鰢겻ֽ֪ǵЩȫȥ֮׽ҾֵĿˡ
浺ϼլ
СϢôλϵĺɫصϵѹλֻȥѪ㣬вƺھڵġѡ
վ׵æ棬ԪǱ߻ûϢ
澪ʵֻ֮Сߡ
Աߵһӹֲ廰û˵ͱϼִϣС¹ϼƣζҪҵ
⻰ڳɫһ˱ֱͦ˼֣ɫֹ
ϧ߲ѾرգĴǧſһΣǧ꣬װˡϼԱߵĳһϧ̾
Ψһ˹Щԥ˵棬᲻߽Ѿ˵߲㣿
ҡڴ˴ϳ˾ǵڶ㺣Ⱥϼеһˡ
ϼ΢˶ҡͷϵûϢϷ͸ˣСߴ
Ļڳ֮˽ԱɫСΪϲ͸õģû뵽еʱȻˡ
壬շ˵һ飬߸˸룬˵˵ϵˣ
꽫ڵָһ飬˵ɫЩΣϾһڱľ׻ܣ˵ȥʵ޹⡣
ԣ˿¾ɫĺ󱲹ˣȥǱߴ̽̽ϼüȻû˵ڳ֮˶˼
ϼҵӱΪĳЩԵλŷչĵزڹ浺ǰĴڣ˹浺һĶֵأʵǧﶥǶ
ϼ׽緢չδƱҪ򽻵ЩΪλĹϵ׽簵вϼʾãֳȴһֱԵӴֳɵĻᣬԺúϹϵ
棬СߵϢˣ˸˼֮ʣһòӢʵ˴Ҵ߽
ޣϢ˽ʯʸ档
ϼ̽룬ʯѶϢꡣڼɫȥȻ̲סƴЦ̾á
ϼҵ棬ʹ˺ʯݣҲǰԽǳȴûô˼ɣ̾磬СǱ߷˺£˿
Ȼ˷СȴмϼЦˡʯĶͬѰδֱӷųǽߡ
еݣͫ΢ţʯֶڲϼߣСģǡ
ʯûж˵ʧٵ£ֻԼ˻֮컯Ƭټ뵱ʱһڻ֮ǿСָƬһ˿Ƭ
֮Ǻ󣬶һ鱻ǺĹʱػδȹ̣֮սսڴǧڣ֮У֮֮սս֮һ
Ƭձݻٵ̫أδָʱ䡢ռ䡢Ӱȵﶼ˱仯˱Ϊ֮ڻ֮ڶ䣬Ҳ˲Сˡ
УϷҪȥһ׽С߻ϼվҲ˲Сǰʧ̬ڼ˵
컯ǿǴ˵п˳ɾͺϵʹֻһҲ㹻ۺ죬ϼʲôҲȱΨΪڴͣʮ꣬ܡѡţֱζͻơ
ĺϢ˼ʮҲסˡ
磬ȥһ˰ɡϼ档
ϼΪϼҶĴڣײȥ׽̫ۣ˵һȥС߸ѻ
ˡϼôƴߣǰҲһˣҼ׽ΨһĲࡣֻΪΪ̫ͣòŻ˼ƽܿͲס
ڳȻ˺£ȴҲ²СǱߵʲôĻԵ
ϼΪʯѶϢʼжʱҲһϢϢѰ޴ӵֻ֪ŵۡ黨塢ȶ
ܳʥأһŵ۵ĴӪѧڴ˴Ϊĸѧ֮ϵѧĵطѧǽʹһֻѾ̤̹;ڡ
˵ΪԽԽѷܺϿԼ޷Ӧǿһ塣
׽磬ȴġΪǧ磬ǵΪλ׽Լڣаףֻͷ̤дܱѧĸֻмǧˡ
˵ͬһ˸ǺεȾ޾ŵֻ㹻ˡ
˻Ͷ̥츳ѣ׾ܽѧ硰ҦļˣҲһ·΢ĩʼһ߸ӣۺǺ߸ţѧһһˣǺߡ
׽磬Ҫˡŵιͷղϱõƣ૵
վǰǸմӻ֮ӳѧĴʦ֣ι
Ǵ̸϶֣
ڻ̸֮ԵʻἸǿ컯Ƭ֮һΪĹ֮һʵѾǰµõ컯ƬǻǸ
ǻᣬĿ£֪Ϊ屻𣿡εҡҡͷ˿ˡΪһƶˣòЩƽΪֻдԲڵĹȼǰڲ
Ѱ˿󼰡
еĻңԭļ֮һǰԭ塰ȻҦеڶʵֻȹȼѷһȻΪһΪҴ֮֡
ӳ΢ӦҲΪ
ڻ֮ഫţƺڣֻǹȻἰ£Լϵƶϳһ
¹سɵЩѲµĴĸģ̾
ǵȾ磬ҲֻйںϵϢǵע⡣¹컯Ⱥе÷ŵ˷ŵ۶ҴƱܻסοҡ
Ҳȼŵ۹ϵУұΧҲȻòŵ۵ұŵҲһѻ
ʵϣΪ컯Զֹңǰ̫ſõһĴָ컯ƬϢй¶ްϵ񾳴Χ޼֮ص˶ˡ
컯ϢѰֻ֪ȴ֪ܡЩʸ֪ԼͬΪ߻ܣЩżһڲɼĵط
Բ˵ǶлĻףֻǵ鶼ʹǺϵʥҲοܿܿõ컯ϵһ˽Աнңһ˭÷
ɵǼʮ꽵µ־Ȼֵ컯Ƭƺڤڤ֮йΪŵ۹ӴĶͨһҲ󲻵ģĽǶҲվϡ
ŵۺ̺ĲУԼй̫ʱڵֻƬ̫ħǳսΪ컯յһϵħ䡣
ħҲȵȻʱֱֱޣϵʮǰ־Ѳ²׽罫ӭҾ֡
֮ǰʮССֲδӰ޵ĸ֣Ҿ֣Ҫʼˡ



187 
ȥ˰ɡδ͸¶²СԲ͵ġ
ӳޱ׸ˣǡ
֮ΣʦͬһţصգԼһܲŰȫҲవˣһ·ϻѧϼˣʦ𣬵Ҳûʱˡ
ӳ뿪úȻҴҽһλͯģ꣬Ůá
˼ĵͷûжֱȥ˻͵ƫ
һŮµŮѺڣŮȻֻгһȴǱѰתҲֻǺǳЦ΢΢ʾ⡣
⵽ϵƹƤһסоɫϵĵȻɫЩȻ
ǰŮͷҲѣֱӿżɽŮʹŮ˷Ϊ﷨ּ
ĳŵϴͫ΢΢΢ֵ
ŵΪһţŮԲˣȻȴֲͬ·ϵıʶǺϵʥˡ
Ϊ֮ĸְСߵ塢ħ㶦ľ档֮λ㲻׽¡
֮ǰŵ۾һ֮Ƶӡ㹦һ񣬲ΪλȻע⵽ˣһ⻯ӡɹ
ΪλݻǶŵ۵Ķ£ŵ۶ҪɨԴʹֻߵˡ
ŮӽĽɫһƣӱķƮȥ
Ӽᱡͷ˿ҪϸЩֻʹɾһƣûãȴƽȵ䵽ǰһֿƼ򵥣ʵʶΧƿҪ󼫸ߡ
ȻֻСɣ΢֪ǰŮʹ˼ֹעӹһչĶлһ˿죬Ƭ̺ͷֵ﷨ּ
ǰŮ΢΢ܹ귨ûжֵͣĵ˵ͷȻȥ
Ů츳֮ŮʥŮҪʤһλߵˡ
ŮӵӰʧȻմһп
ʦ𣬡¶ϲ֮ɫˡ
һλ԰׵ߺȻƫڣЩɷǵģЩ糾͡еһϣϵĲһ衣
УǰˡǰιжκһֱķΣٲҲֻӡʱŻһΣ֮ȥˡ
ķʸߣ߿ϵݣ̾û뵽λȻˣ׽ȻٽСǽȥҲá
ʦλǺ⣿¹غϵʥˣҲӴ⡣
߶һڣƵ˵ʥ֮⣬ܴȵģŮ֪һ
Ǻʦ˽٣
Ŀ¶֮ɫʹλѾ𹩷ٻأʱȥһΣΪпνһǧ
Ȼ˵ĺôüͷȴסƺʲôɵһתֵλ޳ǿѡ
΢΢ü𣺡ѾΧϣų¿ߴ˵λ֮壬ХŮӣ޼֮йλӣԼ̸ѰصǸС
ҡڴ˴»ᱻ˵ĶԻȻΪ޳ֻһλȻˣʵڸߵˡҼȻǻӵ޳ӳϣҲ֪Ǳͼǹŵġ
ߵ˵ͷһٶǰôһ̸λСЩŹ֡
̸λСֹ
һ£һ£һǰĿܣ˭Ըԭɡ߿˵ʲôЦҡҡͷ
̾˿ӳȻӴĶѾһڷӡС
ŵҲڰ̽컯ϢЩѾѼƣȫһҲȲСڻֵ֮Ķࡣ
ƵΣûж컯֮£ѯŵ̫ϳܻߵ¡
˽Щε˵Դ޴ؽźʦ㲻֪ȥˡ
ʮǰݹǳǳЯڷǰȥѰܻʦ壬ʦûڷӵĵػ꣬ŵ۹֪µǰ
ǰֻ֪λܻʦ屲ָߣȴ֪ԭҲת֮ǰϹŵλԨԴܻʦҲһת
֮Ҳӵת֮ԭλܻʦ˷ӵĵػ꣬ǲȫ÷һֱ޷˳λֱһǷӵķΪӹඥÿݹǳǳûصػ꣬÷ӵת֮ʽع飬ȻҲܻϲ
ϲĸԸͼıͲö֪ˣӴϢؽķڲ̫ƽ
ع飬Ҳ֪ܲܿշʢ֡߸ź룬̾
ԶޣʹҲһʱӰ첻˵⻰ЩϷζϹʱڷһѬ죬ҲȺжȻԸţҷֶζħһĿƣħҲϲĶ־Ƿˡ
ڽ̸Ȼüһ壬ķ򣬡˰಻סˡ
վ̾˿˵ʦҲҪˡ
˵꣬Ӱʧ
׽ķŲδδڣ߲ɫ趯һɫ£ӳյñӨӨλ롣
ҡһأľ͵ؾѣؿڰۣ׷ǹɾԴ
ôˣҲ֪ǲǱҲ״̬ѹģüʵ
û¡ҡԥƬ̣ûнոǹɾ׸Լ׷鲻Ƕһ˽Űˣ⾯׺ɣֻǸ
԰׵üĽ壺ҪԼɫ
ʶԼȴԼָĶ亹
ץ֣¶Ȳüøˡ
ʱµĴȻһƮƮƳڷΧҡĹˣֲֹ·һֱڰҲ͡˳
ԪҪľǿ뿪ˡڵԱ߳һŰ׹ԲŻ
Զʵǰ֮ǰ˵ʱôȻĳؼʱ̣ʱһ߻ħɥ
ȻȲˣȻǿдֻ˵ˡ
·ǿЩ˵ԭѡ
ʱʹСҲΧʱһ˭֪мˡ
СŰǵͨˣ˭֪Ǹ򵥣ܼһѾˡĳҡգգۡ
ҡ֪գ۵˼ȥˣʵʵˣ⣬ľ
һٵʱ٣Ҳ˵൱ڹȥ˰˰ꡣ˰ľӻָ嵽ԪǰĸɾӦҲľԭ
лǰиˡķ΢΢ףҡ֣ڵŻߡ
˰˰꣬ʵٴȥѾòҡԸոյľ׻Щ£һʱҲجج
꿴˾˾죬·ǰһ߰ɡ
ϵҡ뿪Ӱɫ΢֪ʲôŽϡ
ȼ뿪ŻȻСֱΪֹ߲ҲٶȻָƽ



188 
뷽ɽһɽºȻһԲεŻŻ߳˼ˡ
ȳһŮòһۿȥֱƲۣĽЯһԼĪķŮͯŮͯüһ룬ѩɰ㣬ԱߵĽԷ׿
֮Ż߳һŮŮ䲻ǰòڣһ֮һ˫ӷֻ˫ӴżƸ֮ɫԭ峺۾Ⱦϻɬ
ǰİŮӺȻͣ½Ųתͷˡ
пôʡ
лһ˿ɫԥļһö˲ƷǸһҪǡ
δӰ˲ʧͬʱŮȰƮԭվŵĵطָצһץεĲһԭʧǱĵ
ѱߣǵ˻ûꡣŮһץ
̫㣬ָһʮֻ衰һ»ʮСɽ󽫰Ůס
ŮභվһԵλûв֣ԱߵСŮͯ㵸ʮ˷ܵģ
Ϣ֮ǰŮжгͣȻ·硣·ȣƺʲô벻ͨһԵȴɫĪ⣬˲֪Щʲô
ڴʱĻͻأĳһֱֱֻ֣ǰŮץȥǿݾƹЮƥԱ߹ս˲ɫ䣬˶
·Ƶķȥȴɫ΢ĵ˼ֻƵʯѾ쵽˰ŮǰƸʱ˸ǰ·Ǳȥ
񣡻˻ˡ
ͣԭصİüֻݾƣ
ԭŮӵභĿһ˵󵹷ɣգʧڿУ֪δ
ȴ˵ֻԴݿ֮£ŮסֱӴߣȻ˶٣ƺʲô⣬ȭ顭
ס֣ͬʱһӲӵǹ֮Ʒơ
ѾòεİŮӾΪһߣӾ룬귽ȥ
ǹ͸ƣǿݾƵسһ󶴣գ۾ˡ
ߣոû·ǵľٶлһ˿ɫóһɫ״Ķֻơ
Ƕ뿪ԽԽ󣬵˾ǰʱѾһֻ޴ķŽĹ̴ֱӭϾơ
飡һ¡ڿըռ䶼ּŤǹǷġ֨·Ƿ쳣Ѿ֪ץĲҡ⣬չһ˫ҫĿĳ˲Ϣ˼ʮɾ롣
һֱСҡɫ쳣ѿ񣡾Ȼ񾳶֣ѵǹȼˣ
ԣԣϢԣ
˼֮ʱһȻС磬ҡոհҪ⣬ǹѾֱӽСڳ˳
ƺ俪ǣɿĳСеҡץȥǾƿҪʱһӰϷɳ˲ھǰһƺϾơ
Ӱֻг˴Сһ£˪֮ĿݾƷ·⿴ƽƽһƣ˾Ƶɹֹץסҡ⡣
Ȼ˴󲿷߶Կನҡ˲飬궼б֮С
Ȼʮٸ𶼲Ķ֡ҡʱѾоʹˣ˼ЩеûģƺƺʲôûС
ʶʼЩģԳһЦûûٿٰԼڰҲûЩӦԶû⣬ʹھԵʵǰһֶζͽ͡Ӱģվ
һռ˺ѵһǿϢڷɿ쿿ҡ֪ϤϢɿʧȻǰûзӦ֮ǰһҡ⡣
гһ⣬˲佫û
ҡǰһڣоϵʹƺֻһ˲׹䵽һֵĵط֪Լˡ
ʹʹѾһ״̬ʹѾҪѣǹƹ֮ҵʹ˶ϡ֪˶ãǹɷͼʹʧˣŵʵϡ
ֻڼϢ֮䣬ʼٸ˭ҲԤϵʱһ٣һԲӭϾơ
ոջ캶ط·ܵľƱ⺬ŭһֱɷĩɢڿС
Ԩǰ·ɫ׺һ
һߵδںȻֵϣж֮ʱѾϧһʱʧ̬סĲĿ絶ʣʲô
ǽ⣬ȥ˻Ľ硣ûشһԵİ˵֮ǰٰҡٿ飬Щϧ˵
Ľ磿õúܣŮ˵ơһĿлһ˿ɫһнʲôҲû˵ֱ뿪
Ľûй뿪뿪ˣŤͷꡣ
걻ɭĿɨ˸䣬ӦԼıֺ˵Щֻ˵İɣĽҲ
˵ĻĽǱĴǧ硭·ЩɵĿڡ
ףԭҲ֪Ľ磬꾪ȵĿЩϧ˵ˣȥ˻Ľ磬Ǳ֮֡
ǧųǧǧ磬ʵǸͳ˵ʵϿ඼㲻жٸǧ硣ǧиԵĽ򣬻ҲƩ׽絽񣬼δٵ̫ţ㲻꣬׽֮ǰĲ꣬ǱȽϾԶĴǧ硣
Щǧ磬ΪԭҲܻµĴǧ磬ɵĴǧҲѾֻʣһƬĻ֮أԱΪĽ硣
ЩĽ籾ƮҲ֪ʲôоԽĽķ𽥽ĽݱΪ֮ءĽû֮ޱȺأȥҲ뿪
ոһŵĻС⡱롰⡱֮ͬҲǽĽ̫ڣ̫ͬͬһ绹мѭĽ磬ϵʥһʱѰټ
ҿԸһϢĽ磬һת׽ԭûս⣬ǽģ׽ֻһ˻ᡣ
ʲôˣ·ǲʵ
겻һЦǴǸŮˡ
˵Ǵ˽ˣȻɫз񣬻ץס
ǲ½ˡƲƲ죬й¶صĸţ֮ǰŮ˿һѣû뵽ǸŮ˾Ȼ𱨣ͼ뵱ˣд
ǵҲҪһţﶼṴ̊Ĳ㣬񻰱˵ġıֽĻŮˣӬӪ϶һգ
Ļʣ˾һϾλϵʥ˾Ȼ׽Ϣе˼Ҫʱ
㻹а취һĽôĬΣ̲ĵʵ
֪ҪƾԼҵˣ罫ϣ޼֮أֻǵײʡԼǰʧʲôҲˡ
ǰѽͱƻĽĽ֮Ϊ̫ͣĽλöҲȵȲãôصˣӦüֲҵ
ޱĿŰ꣬ᣬ
ĺӹһĹ⡣



189 

΢ޱ˵
šü˴ո֣Уո˲Ȼб
ͬʱ뿪Ҳ쳣ߺֱӽһƿСǽƿûûһ˾ͻһֽƬˡ
ûעƿı仯仯ȡֽƬ΢΢ֽ˲仯Ϊҷɡ
Į¶һ˿⣬ͷ΢ת˸䣬һ򼲳۶ȥ
졣
Ľ簡Ůʮָճ°˼Цصǲõһ޳
ѾԽı޳ǶˡԱվŵĺŮӲЩǡ
ŮӲΪĵ˵޳˺ƿؾͲ޳ˣЩֲ˺ûǳ޼֮زֻ˷۱СѾͷҪЩˡ
ָͷϧᱻѹƾ磬¶Ů̸·޼֮صʮϤ
Сö޼֮ضģǶԻ֮أŮ΢ЦĴȤϻһת뵽Ǵһء
üüͽ䱸Ǹӡ
ֻץ˵ľƣ˿еӵ֡
ִ̫ħɻŮ˵˵ţƺ뵽ʲôɫ΢
ɫԣ죬ǴͷҶԡ
Ůӵʧֻ̬άƬ̾ͻָƫͷüζ˵ףпҪˡ
Ĺһ
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191 
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192 
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һۣĿ⼸ҪҡһķȻûзųѹһ֮Ѿ㹻Բ
ҡԭڼ̨ľδ¸ʹˡŲḡҪֲס֮ʣջĿ⣬һЦ
֪Ҳ޷
лǰҡ˿΢΢ϥ̧ͷʱֻԼͷ󱳽Ǳ
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Լ˵Ͼһ˿ĵѪ֮Դ򿪻ĽŲء
ҡĿ΢üʣǰ˼ǣĵйأ˽йأ
ô˵ͷӹһ˿⣬û뵽ӦѸ١
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Ķ䣬ڴ˿ЦеƳʣתͷҡ⣬ֵ˳㣬һԿס
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194 
ɷ֮Ѫ뿪ĽķĬҡ˵дȻ֮ɫ
˸ĻֻϺÿĲӦĽһûѡԤУǰһгȥİ취
ѪǺãƾ׵ȴЩòʧ˻ĽȻٵİ취
ԱߵӹһЦ⣬ҵиȥķӾǲ֪Ҳá
ҡϲ־ϲгȥİ취ոտһҲãѵȥİ취ʣ
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ĻĿҲɫĿԣҡ͵һ
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ΪΪңΪƿĽĽ֮ȥ
⣬˶ȴըףҡ⻹δ˵ѾҪըˣ
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ԭǵתΪ壬Ϊ˽գû뵽۵Ȼ̳ԴѪ
һ˼ͽˣ׷鵽һ˿ԴѪȴΪѪ̫֮ñϴ媵ѪƳ˿΢Ѫ֮
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ʮǰħԨߵİħ֮һѣһ齨һɲħʵӪħԨ
ħϵŶħԨȴһ벻Ӱ
ħˣλˡһħ߽ħλħ
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޲ֱˣȻҲ޷ӵͫΧȻǰ죬ȴī֭ˮʳɺɫ
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ںϣȲǧܵϵĽҳݡһŲһĿ
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ǰĴǧ糹ױݻ٣ҡڴʱѹʹǧǿ޷ڡԣֹΪյվ
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ҡ̲ס֣Ҫץӵ׵ʯӣָҪˮʱһΣ͵ջ֡ûǹӣǸˮ»ֱڡ
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ҡһæʶڲ鿴öʯӵʲôʱʶŰȻѸײڶ֮Ƴ嵽ʯͷǰҪʯͷ
ǵһμ޳Ȳĳ֣ʯӱǼ˲õıٲȻ
Ҫ߱ҡ۵ĿŰҪֹȴ޳Ӳӣǿʯӱκ˿
ҡ۾һǾĺñȻ޳κβ
ᴥʯӣʱʯͷһɱԪҪŨĻԪҡϲŲӤȭͷʯͷӵкĻԪܸܵʯͷһɫƺ̲Ų˵ϵϡ
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196 
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Ͼһ֡
һˣСĽһ̽򰵺ӡˮ棬ΪģΧһȦϸС
˳ӵ֧ûбˮʴҡⲻһȻûȫϾʱֻҪմʯͷаսʯͷӰȡ
Ȼַܿµ⣬ȻˮްǶ˸ܵһֵˮµҺ̬
ˮɢȻˮһ˿ˮûƺһ͸絲ţֹĽˮС
ʱ˳ӵ֮ˮȡָܴӳȡһˮ˵˳ӵˮһ볤Ӿͻ˻ĳˮʵػس֮С
ҡһˮһ߰ʱ˳ǧǷ˵ǧ˶ҵȴǧ֮ϡֵܵˮʴҪ˳öֻһ֧ҲΪѡ
ǰЩӸ·ʱԼ̲صӰѾɡ޵׽֮ǲͬϵľ㣬ʿ٣ƾһĶɽ
ˣҲ޷ͻưӵǲ㡰硱õˮ׵Щʯͷ
뱦ɽֹ鲻ķ񣬿ĽӦдܣҪ뿪Ժÿػ᲻ġ
뵽ҡɴںӱߣ˼ʲôܹȡúĶŴϢİӣ΢ȻԼһѡ
ӵ׵Щʯͷۣ˳ǡǡǳӱ˭лӣʹҲֻ״̬ӣÿһβ˳ӵĻᡣ
ʱ˳ӣ̺ʱ˵İأ֮Ī⣬̫޵㣬֮һϴķ֧
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Ҳ˵ΪȻڣľѾֻҪԴԴϵԪ֧ţܺƿһ·Ϊ
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ڴʱʶдһ󲨶ҡæɨʶԴֻһֱŵǵȻʶ
ͬʱзɳһźɫʯӡ
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һ֮Ȼҡͷ·ԼʲôҪ£㷲
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ҡЩɵĿĺɫʯͷ²ʯͷﵽײʲôѹ̽²Сļǹѹһʱѡ
֮ʣʯͷȻһڹ⡣ҡȻʯͷо裬δи֪ΣУԼЩڴ֪ǻԵҲͷȥ뿴ڹ⵽ʲô
ڹ⽫˰ס̣ƺȥ˱𴦡
ҡоԼƺġˡ磬ֱľľ߸ɳİɫ񡢱ȾľҪߵľˡɽҪ׳˶ľޣһֻȹľ޵񷣬ɽ㸲޴Ʒ
ʱ䲻ţ޵ԽԽǿ󣬵ҲԽԽһգĻѿһĿӣǸʧͬһʱ̣Ƭؿʼ˺ѡˡ鿪ʼ˽磬ȻһסӳġǱĴǸ

˴Լʱҡ͵۾ڿʼתʱǰ峺ʱ˫ɫ࣬·һݺظкͳ
ĺɫʯͷȻΪĩﻬ䣬СʯͷԭǺɫģɷĩȻǰɫģлмۡ
ҡǰԸ񣬱ضᾪɲҪŪԭ򣬶ʱֻǵȻֽʣķĩ밵УдĮȻ
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197 
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״Σвһ塣Դ֮ƽʵ񾳣Ϊǧոγ, ԴΪϴ͵ʱĶ, ǧĹ, ֻ֮£ʹҲɻƺժǵΰ
ΪǧĵһӡԴ̫ḻԴü򵥴ݣӵ캳ص˼̽ϡԴ֮ǿ󣬴ԼҲһ׷Ĵ֮йء
ҡڴмûлÿ츳ͨǿҪ˵ĻǾԴǼµνݴм䴫ڵĲǼֱָԴ
һֻ𾳲ʼȷԼĵǰֻΪʵˣԼĵʮģĴм󣬷·һ֮·ϵããҡԼһ㡰ĺۼ
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мȫ꣬ҡӺӰվ˫·ǳԶʵİӣҪ͸׷Դǰӡ
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ǧ滹޾򡣡ҡһʹǧ粻棬ôҲߵľ硣
ЩƺҲûʲô塣΢˼˵һ壬Ȼֻı塣
ɫõϴγһ죬ȴ·˷츲صı仯ϵ·ƣеĿʮơ
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ʹֻһͶӰ˸˳ܸ֪̽Ŀ⣬ҡ⻳ɼʥڿѾϳԼ
ҡֽĿϣһŮƺʲôûвԼĿ⣬ֻλܸ֪Ǵ˵еĲࡣ
ǶеĻĽŲһ뵽뼧ʥߣҡ㾲ŲؾȻҲȻżΪҪĶ
ȨƬ̣ҡûвҪȥǸĽŲأѣǸǰȥ˵ʲô©Ѱ·
˼֮ʱͶӰֳһˡ˻һħУ˿ĳΣĳƺЩԾǸŮֹͣۡ
ҡɵĶǸħֵˣֵĸоܾе졣ħ죬Ѳħ棿
ǣħĸҲôʱڡҡ򴽣ΪȻֵ뷨Щ
ʱͶӰ½ֳ˼ˡҡ⿴½ֵĶüЩ˾ۼڴˣҪΪ˶ᱦĽ綼Ҫˡ
ͨ쳹صı£ûС
Ӧ뿪Ľ磬ǳʲô⣬²佫ϣϣ
ҡܣŸ뿪ƺ뷨һεȻ˰ӡعѾվ˼̨
ȿľǼ̨ϷŻҡлһ˿ɫƺûϵڴм俴Ż֪п˺Ϣ硣Ż֣״˽ĽŲصͷ
ջߣҡ»صסѾ뿪ƺڼ£֪͵˽ɫĿ
ǰӡڴ˵ĿλҡóӰ飬гֵӰʿֱʥ֣Ϊߵһ̶ȣںδֱܱԷ֪ӰӰҲЩģƺйڶԷĺۼ
ʿҡûӰĿлһâûлش⣬գﾹӵķ֧
뱾ʰ뿪˵ءûҡ˵ʾͽơ
ǻϰ֣֮ǰĶԻŭ꣬ƺһֱǣűߣܴΪԶŰޱꣿ
ҡ̹ȻЦ˵ؿºܿ䣬ʮϧԼСġ
ʹЦСѾͷǴҲܹ˵һתʣĿ
ĻȻЩ⣬ҡ⻹Ǵһ˿С

ǶɫĻôĿ⸴ӵĿұϵĻ˵
ҡһ˳߿ұϵǶ仨ѵǶ仨ǽ⿪ӡĹؼ
ȥժǶ仨뿪
ǰȥժǻΣգҡֱܻʣȻ֪νӡȴٳٲ֣п϶顣
ζĿժˣܡ
ҡʲ޵ķʸΪԵʡôࡰɺϡһִԼĽŲصԿףԿס
ǹﾡõġ
λŵġ̽



198 
ûлشĻ, ҡһü, ȻûзǾˡλЩһֱڷ, , ȫԵõĺøС
ҡûз, ̬Ȼת䡣ǻǰضֱڲı, λİţȴŰ֮ص̬, λȻ飬Ժͻȥ͵ˡ
С, ʥʱԼ֪ĶȫûҪȡϾλʱѾȥδ˵ʱ
ûвԼ̬ȣԱߵȴ˼Ŀۡ
ҡⲻ֪ʲô, շɵ˵ǶϻڵұڡǶֱԼһɫС, ɫصԲ, ʮڰݵұУϸĸұڣΧһȦɫ, ·˿⻮˸Ȧ
Ż, ʱϻϢҡڵԪ, γѭ΢, תԪһΣɲǼصһžĴ졣
ϻסʵķӡ⿪ˡ
Ƕ˰Сұڣһ֧ǳɫ״ԭǶϻһ޶ҡûü˵Ѿһضɽҡ·ƬҪȥ
쳹һ˲һʮɳӵص׷ֱƺ̮ҡۼֿһֻץסβʳ˳ȥ
ʵıмʮɳҡûһƬ۴ַ·εץʳ˳վϡ˳糵Ǧһȿڵлǰ
˵׼ʱĴԾ¡
ʼʶȤոְԼҲûƽԼϡʮ꣬һı޲μ켸ҹ߳Ƶʣǿ֮źס˼Ȧͷɻص̨ԡ
Ҫ֮ţġʥɱƽȥ׽ȥһˣ˵ҪˣȻ֪ʾ޴ڰգ³һӲӵƣƮҡǰ
Ȼû˵̶仰͸ѶϢѾ㹻ˡҡȥ͸¶ػΪϱ
ֻǣʥʮ꣬ȻԸϼʥΪԼƻĺøУ֮ǰ֪ܽ⿪ӡҲܳסԼߣȻЩ޾µָй֣Դȵǵ˼
ҡ⿴ǰ˼ǧȴɫĽӹǿνʥҲǰĽŲأ֪Ҹγȥ
Ľݺأһ֮ȷǸ취ʳƬ̣³һ鷺ŽĹͷǿͷƺʲô޵߹ǣȡڰգһεΣܿγһѹģ
ȹǹγɣȡһǳɫġߡҡⶨһǾȻһɫŹֵĿʣﰵ²
ƺɫĿҡ⡣ҡ⽫Ԫˣʱ𳰷磬װͿ
˵ʣȻҲóңһ衣
ȻƺҲδͷ統£˵Ǿ仰㲻ٿڡƬ̺һʳ¯ĹγˣʩڹŪһסЩǹ׸ҡ⣬ûĶֱƿ֮뿪
δѾɽ֮С
ҡԭЩʲôƩ˻ĽɷʲôΣգϧδ߱û˵ˡ
ĹǹȻЩֲڣƷƷУϧĽûٽ٣ǹۿۡĹǹ־һֻϵ
ֻͨͨѹʼʮ֮ãʸոջ˼Ȼͬһλá
裬ͨ˵ֵǣԼʥ˵̫ͨˡҡ̽µһ˿ϢʲôûУϢǿ˼𷴿֮ġ
ҡ󵽵ʱĳʥһƽصףѿһͷ֮ɳȥְͷϵһ֧ʩѹ
֮Ȼ鴫
ֻһǳ͵һǲ֮ξҡ⽫ȡЩѡ
֮ʱĽ翪ʼ𵴣̨ϵ֮š¡¡޴춯ҡĿһֻŹŹͼ֮ϳϸС϶
Ĵˣҡɫ΢䣬˲ÿֱ׼ƻĽĽ֮
ȻΪͣɣѾвٵʡ£ģڹϣҡƾֱбϷĳȥ
ݡҡԪһ˲䱻⣬ȡʶСֶʯԪǽǸֱ֮ڰƿһɿĿӣȿֺĽꡣ
ǵӸոγɣȴۿɼٶС
ҡԥļһзҪƿ֮ĵط뿪Ȼ֪Ϊǰһֹס˶
ԣǸħ˷



199 
Ƿ𣿣ȻȥǸط
ܿҡͻָ侲, 벻ͨĵطôģΪλħ棿ħ, ˵ħ浽ʲôϵ
һԺйԽ, ԴԽѡ, й, ֻδ˽
ԽԽСĳ, ҡֳһĨ֮ɫһץԶһСĴָġһʧ㿪¶ɿݵ˿Ѿȫеϡ
ҡһ, Ťͷҡҡѵ֮š֪඼ĵطԼһ, Ȼ, λȥֻԥƬ̱˻ˮﵽײ, ǿԴŲ, ǧеĵһŵء
ɲʣǱʶһֱ˼ԴŲص, ͷϳн˵Լ
ϾҲû˹涨Ͳܽȥ
۽߲Сĳ, ҡ̾һԭػָԪ, 𷨱ת֮ŵķȥ
̨Ϸ֮ŵſѾ϶, ·ʱҪ塣ҡվǰ, ó˪ŻϷŵĹ۾¡֮ųʰɫĸι״飬ֻµֻǵɫġ
֮ڴмϾڴֱʵʵڲԼǵýͳȥŻͬӿԸӦ֮ŵĴڣ뿪Ǹ̡
Ϊ͵ָҲֻ˸˽ԴЩࡣ
պӣҡǻڳŻǰڴʼû絽ȫԪ޺ĻԪȣȴôܻӭ
ԭںлƻǿϢ磬ϢģһϢֻдԼͷ˿ϸķ羢ȴ˺Դ飬Ҳ˵Զв
޷ֿϢ磬˼֮£һܾûõ챦ǰѺɡǿɡ˳ͨƬ𺣣ֻֿܲܵסϢҡﲢûеס
ɡơųƣԴһֱûбȷϵȼܵסϢ磬
ɽóɡҡﰵԽңҺûнȫСȻĽȻһˡ
ſɡѺɡǰһƣɡС
Ĵ̶ĦӺдһɡ·ɻҡСֻɡϸһ㼫ϢȻʱ޷ٻɡ棬ҡɡϷ˼СѺۣ޸ɡ档
Ϣƻɡ޸ɡϧƻٶҪ޸ٶȿ졣
Ԥкáҡĵ˵ͷ΢΢𣬡ơķȻĿסϢ磬ǲ֪ܿá
ɡ̤֮ţŲմء̫ŨɡγɵĽһƬɡȫΧеϢݺײɡ棬ɡַǰ֮֡ԽԽܼϢ£ɡĵֿǿ
Է洵죬ɡġԽԽأɡѾԵİ׺ۡҡü̾һɡƣó͵Ǽ챦
챦õһƷԴŲΣأھȲõһķӲֹۡ뵽̾һٴθԼΪ̫ͣȥĶηηš
ϧʱִ̫٣ʱ޷ΪлҪΪȥȻصľУҡĵװ
ʱţɡϵİ׺ԽԽ࣬޸ԽԽ׷Ϣƻԭ͸ĺɫɡ澹Ȼʼ͸⣬ɡڱ䱡ɡ޸ˣ
ҡɽ䣬Ѿ׼Ǽõ챦ȡڴʱҰڳ˾ľ
ˣһ鳱͵سϮҡɡ͵һ첲ľɡܿƵԱȥ
ʱҡæٻغɡʶֳ屾塣ֻһֻƴĺƾ豾ΡΡ㣬ɳϢķΧ
̲ʮϢֱҡ˳뿪ԼȻƾϢ硣
ϸһ룬ԼǿıܡԴڳ˺ҪĺöеϢȴʮ鷳պҪһϢĺñ¡
˼ҡһܶϢ磬ɺԪ֪˶ٸΣÿһζҪԪֱúʱ䡣
ű絲סĺϢɨҡźջΣյ뷨Ϣвֻ̫Ҫһ˿Ϣ紵ͿһغɺѾ
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뿪ķΧҡʽԴŲ֮ǰںԼ˾ľټִмеľľȻˣֻꡣ
Լɵľľɢĵط·ҳϵĻػŴ˴мƬԴҶÿƬҶԼмɳҡ⻹ǵһμľľмиС
ľз֦߰ʮɶǹͺͺɣֱԶŻַ֦ڡҡĿһŵһþľϷɡ
ԽԪԽŨȻԶԶȲϺȴ޼֮ػҪŨҡɣЩԪѾڣԪתϷɡ
ҡŬϷʱһļµѹȥֻԶһŭȣǻ׽ԣѶϢȴͨġ
ǻĴ˼ǣĳĳʿɶֹѵʱ˺
һضɽҡĲѹȻҡ⣬ѹôָɫЩ࣬Ϊǹѹֹ񾳡
Ǳߺܿû˶ƺʱ̸ˡȻ粨ҡ⻹һֻ˾˵̵ϣʱ̾᲻ᱻ
ɹɵҡھľ֦ϸԴŲڵΡ˵شԼзԲԷΪһؼӵʯͷǸ㳡ϱɽǸ汻һʯסһʱʲô
һмֵĿ¾ǱҲйŹ֡
ȡ͸öͬĽ䣬ҡʯķ򣬽⿪ͬĽķӡʯһ£һĪǣɫӡ
ҷʯ
νĥ󿳲񹤣֪˺ټҡûмȥֱ׼ȻָһЩΪȻǵΪԽĴ˵Լ˵ȴǰȫС
͵㿪ʼʱʯסĵطȴͻȻһҫ۵ââðƬĻӳĽϡڤڤҡǱʲô
̾һҡȥԼΪºѻָ



200 
â, ԴŵغȻޱȰ, ·Ƭռ˲ҡվھľϱĿ֪ӦмϢȥΪԽ߶ĿĸӦԽ, ҪǹĿ̽, ʹǧҲᱻ, ﱻʥ־ǽѵ
ȻϹ۲, δػ⣬ֻСȴò⡣
һ˲Ʒҡ˲ʧھľ֦ϡúڱʯһֻշĺֻɸߵĲݴﴩУܿͱûˡ
ʯԼʮ, Լ, ͨΪɫ, ʲ沢δ֡ʯһص, ֻһƬ, Ҳֲ֮ǰҡӸ߸ʯʲô
ոյĳâǴƬз, ʱѾʧˡ
ʯĹˣһŮвͬ, һͷ¹, ̨Եʯ֮һмơ
¹ӳ, ҡĻ˵Щʲô, һԼ˳ߵԴᳰһ䣬ΨһŮҲЦӯӯ¹˵˾ʲôϧ˵Ļ׽ȫһϵҡͷ
ǧǧԲͨ˶ĿйĿı£ΪԽһԵʱԽ̣ҡⲻһǧԣ£ֻܸɵۡ
˽̸˼䣬ͼ¹ӷ˵һߣкȻһڳǰѵһΧ¶ȶ½ʮȣ˺ѿռ֮СǰһӣһŻϢڹ⳯ʯķȥǵڹɵʯǰ˲䱻һνֱӷȥ
ڹʯǰʱһ絹۴Ľʯʯ·һŰǶʱ˹淺һǳǳ绤סĵط˿δɱ֡
зӦʮѸ٣ᵶһƷڹ⣬ֻûϵڹΪǿȫס˸ü¹˵˾ʲôԱߵŮƺȰˡ
ܿ˺ƴʲôЭ飬ŮӸ¹һ¹óһĴָĺɫʯͷʯ
ֻʯ·㡰족ʯͷûţʯŲľ룬˳ô˻˲ʧԭأܿʯָֻԭ״
֮ǰеǸŮӳҡķ΢΢ƫͷۡ
˵Ӱȫʧҡ⻯ΪӲݴ߳ûаӵľһֱΪĽ鲼ĺɫʯͷͨʯͷ괫м֪Щʯͷ׵ʲô
ÿһźɫʯͷʹһ꣬ԴԴڴˣȫΪʯЩ鲼Ľĺɫʯͷÿ涼һ
ʣΪʯѾòˡҲ⣬Щɫʯͷ͵컻նģֻһ˿л䡱ҡõǿſʯһ˿ֻԼΪʯԼ뿪Դ磬Ѿ뿪ǧ硣
¹ľһŻʯĻʯӦòǻĽ洦ɼЩʯܿõǿŻʯ࣬Ǵзֻʯ
˿ʯӦϢ˽ȥġ
ҡߵʯǰְ̧ʯϡڿϢδȫɢƭʯĸӦ
ʯ˲䣬ʯ͵ؾ𶯣ȻȲƿһԼߵĿ϶ҡ²ϲɫͷұ߿һۣʩʩȻ߽ڡ
һļ˴ŮʯµĶп˾ԶһۣĿ⸴ӵĬȻԡ
ҡһ̤磬ûԶļ˲δԾ֪Լټǡ¹óʯ򿪽磬һƤ⡣
ĺҡ⿴¹ӣȿڵõĲ׽ԣԴĹ
Ȼ˵ԣǾ͸ɴǵĽ࣬ԼĽߣǸ¹һԴйء
ǧĴǧӵµ֣Ʃ֮׽硣ԴЩرΪǧ絮ĵһ磬ƬֻڹͻΪĽ磬ĳԴ磬ԼԴչĺԴ磬ͳΪԴ磬֮ǧдǧ綼ǰԴģġ
̨ʯӦöǺԴֵģʯһ¹ŮԴмƣ󵨼裬ǰԴ缫о¹йء
ʹ޹Ҳûʲôʧܷĳݲ򵥣ü˲ɵ
Դ¹ɫ΢΢˱仯ЩɬĹһ֧Ǻ壿
塣ҡֱͦż˵ĿżְԴȻԭʼȼѹʮأͨΥѪ
ǿһ˿ѪȡǵѪԭ֧㲻ϣ̳пĴкɱΪĿǿһ
ν¹΢䣬ҡ⼸ۣƺ˰дκҡ˵ͷ˲ٹעȥ
ȼ˳ױɫûҡŰһǼ˵ϢֻǿովȻڼǰװһرƣ̼
ȷ뿪ۣѭǹĪĳߡӦһƬյأȫɵĻйຮС
ҡУΪǼˣߣֲʱ񼸿ʯͷ˲²͸Ҫʲô֪˶ãĽŲ΢΢ͣ
ɫʯѣһԲĺɫʯͷʯͷ֮䣬ǹֵʯͷġ
ʯͷ̯ƷĴʯͷǿʯͨĻʯһЩͬȻи֪һ
ŻʯһּΪеĸоҡ鲻ԽսŻʯʱʯ֪ΪκȻһҫ۵â
ոǹɳâѵŻʯɢģˣǼǽⶫġ
ͷ֮ʣӰѾʱâѾذΧҡԼ˵ǰһھͻȥˡ
ԺâסγһɫĹ룬ڰա˿ɫ룬¶֮ɫ
ǶѡŮ̾
¹εû뵽йء
δ䶨пŹ룬ü˵һ߻»صɵС
ʣ編ƣ»뿪˵ء
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ҡԼ·˸ΣξĻʮֻңݶǲˣиϸʮԵСˡ
棬͵ؾѹʶĽʶڲ鿴ԭѪͼڣһֻһһģһСˣʱֻһֻʶڷ裬ѪͼڵС˲ˡ
ѵǿѪͼڡԡѪͼڣҡĿ˿ãûѪͼڣ
֪ΪΣʧȥѪͼڣһظĸо
Ƭ̣ҡԴѹѪͼʧʱ£˼עΧ
ԼһխСԲУԪɺԣֵ̧ûС巢Ϲ⣬ƺе졣
ץʯͷȥģҡſ֣ɫĻʯġŻʯüʯͷ֮ǰƺСһȦһʯеѾʧˡ
ҡⳢ̧̧֣һɴ˺Ѹʹڷ·һѻ˿֫ٺǹʹѸٴȫ֮ǰȡѪй޲
֣겢δˣΪʲô֮ҡҧ´ס˺ʹ벻ͨµ
ѵѪͼʧķɣǿԼ侲ſ񱣳̨ʱʶеֻȻͣԪϣϢԺ
Ȼǻ룬ҡɫ¶һ˿ֵɫûǵͨеϰԣΪĵһܱ˻ϰԣѪҲûƼ뻯̡
֪мֻƼŴΣųΪ۰һĿ
ѵûƼ뻯̣ǵµСԭ
ҡƣĴܣҪȥ̥ǣƼɹ
ѪĳʹУҡŲλÿڹϣֳܣһ˺һӳȥÿһ£ĹѪ·ٴһΣΧĹȴ˾
ʹûһʹҲ뵡˯ʱҪٴٴλȥֻҪó˪óޣѲסͿԴʹнѳ
ֻҪһͿԲĥ
ҡ⽫ԺЩ߽ݾķ俪Ŀ۽ڽһ˿˺˿ٵǰƾ豾ʶ
ڼ·һˮܵƺ˻⡣ҡٽʹļ˺ΧĹ롣



201 
ɵĻ, һֻԼɵɫڰ, ɫγΪΨһĹԴԱľżܵӰ·ػ롣
һϸӰӻسӰ֮Χͳͳɢ, ·εʱա
ǼȥʱӰѾ˲ǰ
޶, ν֮޳ȻƮѶıûнڳ˷Ź
ڳȴ˿ô, ȫٻر
ǧϵץõѣһ֮δܳһλ, λ½Ĳڴǧ綼ЩȻǧֻ֪, ûʸӴЩ
˵ഥ˲ǧһǹͻᱻǧųȥ̤㲻Ĵڶ뿪ǧ硣ǧ취һѹƾ, Ƿӡ⻯ǧߡ
ǰλǺߣʹ㱾һ룬˭ҲС, Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ʱᾪı
, ǲصֱϵ, ƾ׵һλ, ǵĳɵ֮·ʹ벻һսҲϧ
̤·ʧԶ޷ǰһ
Ůû˵Ůӵ뿪ڣ䵭ģҲʶȤı죬ĬĬŰеɫ롣
֪˶ã뷢һ˿ϸ΢죬һСС϶ڹϡ϶ԽԽ𽥱һȭͷĿӣ·ǽϰʯңʮۡ
ڼ˵Ŀ£ϵǸת۱ɰƴֻ֮Ǹû˶ãڼ˾ƼʧʱǸֿʼγһ˽Ĵ󶴡
Ӷ￴һڹ˷·մˮ̳һ㣬죬ڼϣʮָѪ졣
Ȼɫ԰ףһ˫۾ȴǣ˲ұӡǸŮӣǿҰ׵촽ʥǰڼˡ
ŮݸҵڶμƼ룬㡪´ҡ⣬˵ͷ
Ƽ֮ʹ˭ܼȥģν̥ǣҪǿ;Ųųһֻ֤иõĽݾ˭ҲѡܿķҲעɲ˿
ÿһƼ붼һ
һҡĻҲûʲôܳĸоʱܵԴչˣֻ
뵽ѵϥãƵĹ类ıѩ㣬ۿɼٶʧɫҲԽԽãԿ¶ļ͸⣬˵ʮָҲָԭ˪ѩǵһͷ׷Ҳ±īڡ
ȫպ˫ĥڽȼڰգͷаԪԽԽƺ˵صԪȫĲݡΧȻγһյشԶԶġ
ܵԪ꣬ҡ䵽ϡԱߵļˣſ¶ĻʯʯžһмѿΪĩڵء
ɫ΢䣬תͷŮӣȿڡ
׽֮ˣλҽ߰ɡɨۼˣƵ˵˵׽Ļ˿ǶԷǲ
ȻüƺЩݣŮĿ΢֪ʲôʣµ¹ӿҡ⣬׵롣
Ůûˣתߣҡ
˵ûŶ뿪
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㵹ǵ󣬻ǽˡ뿪ʯغŮٶȿڡΪ峺ִŮеĽѺһλϵһ
ҡⴹײκ̧ͷıӰ˵ȵаٷְ֮ж羰
ȻЩ嶯ʥƫͷһۣҲø
ҡ֪˵øԼ˿УԼлĿ΢̲סʣǰʲô
ûʥǰѰҴ𰸣Ժȴ֪ôӺ˵
֪׽Ľôʥʵ˵
ûҡⷴӦһŽʶʮϢڵϢԴЩ͡
̶̼ʱ䣬׽ң޴С飬ֱ粨δ޴ҵĵ..Ǳ̸˴ӻ֮컯Ƭ컯Ѿҡ⿴ó޵ķ粨Ÿոտʼ
ֲΣ١
ʥȻҡعĥ仰˼
ݹǳǳ˵ƶټ٣ĻģƲڿһϯ׽Ľѣ컯ĳ־ҵľߡ
һıܽ׽붯Ԩһìƻƽ⣬شٿ¯Ϳ׼ˡ
˵ǵ꽫Щ˸ȥ֮컯ƬҲ뵽¯ٹܣѲɰôĶ
ԣƶشٵ˭굽ķˣҡ۴ʵĿʥ
㽫̫ŷչòʥȴһתһ⡣
̫ţҡ΢ֻ뾡̫ʢˣ񻹲Զ
/ΪС׽磬ֻǸӦ˴ˡǸ֪ǰҡһ䣬ָΪϹųš̫ţ׽޻ս̫ѾɹԾΪһš
֪̫űһţ֪/϶гϰ屣ݻ̫Żָٹֻʱ䡣
ڣؽ̫ţӵһԷǿ۵̫Ϊɫٺò
־֮˽٣޳Ҳͬʱ߽ʿߡһشıƱػǣ޳ҲΪʲôһֱŹԭҪһ޳վֻҪ̫۵õ֮ˡˡ
µû/Ѿ
ļֵ֮꣬ʡҡлһ˿ɫȻԼøQ̫ãѾȲԷˡ
Ψһ벻ͨľΪʲô
뵽ҡ⿴ۼʥǰħλѾ𣿡
ʥĿһۣɴĴѾգǲ⣬ܿȫںϡ
ҡ۽޾һĳȵףֿܶܣĵľֿܡ޲TǺϵôҲֿܵסһλϵʥ˵ںϡ
ΪʲôѡüͷΪɬ
һ޲TȫںϣǲǴӴԺʧˡ޷ӳ޲TҲ
ʥƳһۣ˵ٻЩɢıԴʵȴǰһ
ɢıԴᵽ
ҡĿ˸̧ۿǰ˵ЩС⡯ķ
ʥЦһתΪòҡŵǰʸΪɫǹ˳ڵɫ
޲TҲϲܸʹҲֻȴѣΪ˭ﲻ
⻰ҡأüû˱Դλʵ޷Ƿл᣿
ֶΣ֮ϵΣʥЦҡҡͷĵ˵Ϊϵ䣬СӺϵı£вǡѿǰˡ
ѿǣҡͫ΢˵⡣
Ĺ꣬аնԸۺϷʵĿҡ⣬ݸ
ҡ죬˵ǰλ˵Ĳһλϵʥˣ̫Сˡ
ǰ˵Ĺ꣬ѵڱƶ׽ķӿشٽ١δĻϢ侲ķ
شȻǰʥǰӦò׽˽Ѱɡ
ʥûпڣʾ˵
ҡ·ܵ㣬ǰƲⲻλҪӿشٽ٣ôһҪĿģ˵ʹλôľ֣ϧɡѿǡֻһˡ
ħǸز챦λȨѾֻһβǾǳΪ࣡
˴ֱʣضа֣ߺˣǸ˾ΪҪ࣬ȻܻܿϺȣѡҲЩüĿҡڤ˼룬ſڡ
һҲ˷֣ǸӦþ޲Tİ֣׽ĺϵʥ˾ǼλܿȦѡ
֮ǰħ޲TɣħȺħķѣͬʱʥԴ˱ʱ̫ˡ޲Tһͬ㣬һħ壬һ塣
ʥиһ˿Ц˭
ҡĿ΢գգۣ֮ǰߵλ
ڰӵʱ˼ʥһλŮҲߣǸŮӿıЩ֡
ʥеЦʢơžž˼£Цλ˵Σ
䣬ǰس˼ˡԭ֪䣬Ѿߵʯ
û뵽ѾͷȻҲˡȿڵҡ⼸ۣһ˿ɫ
ҡûзָȫǸħס˻Ǹˣȫͬһˡ
˻شҡ⣬ζ˼
ʯɤж˹ɵƲʹոҡһֱ˵Ҳ˿Ϊƣ˷ܡ
ʣµǸŮֻǵɨһۣԼʥ˵Σʧˡ
һʤ˵仰ʥЦЦƳһۣüۼȴһƺ⣬ƺѾᷳ档
ȥعȵĿΪò
ʯĴںȻһ˱ĺ⣬һ𷴿֮ĵĿɲ⡣
û֮ǰʥأЦ
غЦתϱĳȥǸħҲ˳һ뿪
ջСĿ뿪Ӱ˵תͷҡ⣬棬ųģ
ҡջطڡĿ⣬üмֿƲסķ꣬ӡ⿪ġ
˵ۼʥЩİţֺαһ顣
˵ʹǡռϷ磬ȥ֮һڡʥ̾˿ȻĴ󷢵˵
ǰ˵껹ûʧҡⰵ˿ʱ򻹺úõģΪʲô겻⸱⾰⼸ϵ׷ʲô£
ǰԴ絽˭⣬޲T
ʥ˼ĳߡ
ҡ⽫ȫĵף󣬲һվһȰɫĴǰ
ʯΪʮ򣬳мĿյ⣬оɫĴšȴѾȣҡǰģһȻδ򿪵Ĵš
ȰɫĴŷԭʼʯһ£ż򵥵ͼЩǿܿ
óɡ



202 
ʥ˵仰ʱ, Χ޵ĿͶʱʯڲֹ׽ˣмǧˡ
ҡ֮ǰӡסʵֻó, ǳϵİ˰СĹžĹ⣬¡
СѾͷʵҪһʲôʥóĶ, üһЦЦĶҡ⡣
ܷӡҡޱ, ͳһʯͷ, ڱʯǱߵõǿŻʯ˿ѾĻʯ֮ǰּģŲǿŷâʯͷ
Ǽδûлɣֻѡһֻ۱һֻۡĿǰΪֹ, Դ˶Ϊƣ˶, һƬгǵĳ, ȽϽ, ײ֡
óʯ, ƫͷۼʥʾ¡
˵, Ϊǰλ׽ĴУӦñѹŶԣ뵱λʱ֪ľ̫, Ѿ, Ȼּ״еѹ;
ĸıλΪʱµ֮һ, ǶԼˣ̫ңҲ֪˵˵ĹϵֻԨԴݡ
֮λиʻƽ׽ˡ֮ǰ̰˼άܾòӦǿء߸λ֮ʵĲֹȻ˵ĸо
磬ֻб˿ɫµķݣֲίԼЦŭġʵˣװʵĪĸ󣬸˵Ŀ⡣
ž߾磬豹棿ҡ΢У
ǿŻʯһóʥû˵ԱѾ۾Ź⡣ĽŲؿѾ½ʮˡЩԵʻ֪ԴڣԴϢЩԴԨԴһֱעԴĶΪ͵ĶѾҪϵ
˵˽ڴƼóȥһǸľ뢣ƴǧ綼ܴ飬ҡеӤԵø롣
ȻĿⶢţȻĿûе⣬Ծ΢·߶ϡ
һ߹ЦеĶҡ˵˾仰أѽѽ񳪸裬ҡգգۣȻûǴҲܲµĻʯйء
ͷСɲʥ۲תбһۡ
Ļ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ׽Դ΢ʥԲӣϷΪãλС缸֣ϷҲ
ҡ΢ת˾Ͳֱ˵ԼΪ̫ûʸȥԭλĵžȻǡ΢΢֮ף֮
׽һֱƩ籱϶ǵ־ͳԱǡֵ׽ȴʼտЩޣҹĻֵֻǳҡһֱ˼ĵطôʹˣͲ塣
ضɣѵ㿴ѾԴĳλĴУʥĿڡ
һΧʱһǺ˱仯̾˿Щ˵׽ȻǱذ
˵ĵĿҡ⣬Сһȥɷ˳Ϸȥ
˿ûкϵʥ˵ļӣڼҵͯ
ҡԴŲص˿˽⣬ддţҲôĿŵľͽҲûͷΪԼƽƽֻò΢ЦϧȫƾʥԱ
ʥ¶ȻɫڣȻɫ΢ʧԭǺҲȻŤͷɫصĿȵİɫš
ҡֻʥԭӰδʧһһģһӰѾŴ֪Լ϶ԷٶȵԵʡǱһŹֵĲյİų忪İɫâӴ󿪵İڳʥһ˦ȫ˻ȥ
ǰûп˴
һ쳹żʥشӰץ佫˦һߣһֻֽš䡱һ¹ϣκΰѾ϶ʱаɫâӷ϶
һϵжֻڼϢ֮䣬ԭ˳ȴţ˰⣬Ҳгˡʱҡ⣬ڳ֮˶ɫһ࣬ƺʲôص顣
ҡ֪λʥһɼΪǿĲѲδ֮ǰһ뿪޲T
һŰɫâƮǰʶİɫʯ΢΢һɫâʶҡԸоɫâʶʶȻ˲ʮɡ
ҡﾪ֣Ҫ֪ʶΪţʶзԲһǧʮɣҲû뵽һâʶ͵ֵϼµ
˿ȥ˶ڰǰûйЩɢâȻǿЩ˵ı飬Բʲô¡
ҡֿأʥӣȻһԲϥڵأĵϢ붨⵽λɫЩӣоаգһ˿ײϲ⣬ƺǵʲôô
Ǳ߼ʥ׳һСŽӲӵϸɳЩɫϸɳĻˮƮŵ϶סǼ϶
ɳЩɫϸɳĿڣһ֮ҡϸ֮²ˡ
ɳһ͵ѼЩâһ߹۲ǱߵĶֻϵ϶âѾƮˡ
ʱԴŵط˻ǸӦʯ߲ͬѰĶ׷׸ϵʯһʱھۼʮˡиʿҡ⣬¶һ˿֮ɫ
ӵļʥûܽˣޱ̧һץ˶شˮ
ҡǰ·ڲϢʱ˳ӣַ·𿴼һ˫ܴ͸ʱδ۾
λԼɡ
ʥҡ⣬æʥֻɫЩףƺȫգͫСֻʣ۰ס
˵ľҲòĶȥмλ۽ǿѣѪձޱء
ʥһ˳ӵͶӰʧߡˮҲ˲ʧ·ոյһֻǳ
΢ʥ𣬴ǧ磬֪ΣݵĳĬ˿ڴƳš
Ϊ˱ʾ𾴣õ׽Ļҡ⻰ͫ΢ԹһԵ͸
ʥû˵˿ڴƳĬ˷׷׿ڸ㼺Ϊв򳡣˶Լͬʹ׽Ļ˵Ƿҡ⡣
ֻǽڰڣ˰ֻԼ˸ţڵĶʮ󣬵ǶټѾй¶ȥǧλҲ¶ˣп֮졣
ᵽ֮ˣмкɫ
ϵոռʥҡ״Ŀʥˣλʲô£ʹǼν쳣Ķй¶֮ˣǷǧࣿ
СѾͷ֪ʲôôһȻʶصżֹƻ
ҡⱳһʧ޲T
Żʯܴţȥ򿪰ɡ
Ǹ˵ҡ֪ڹƻԼȴܿƵǰſ
ĶСǱ÷зӯ죬ûע⵽
ҡѵıۣʶڴԪԵĺȶѪͼƴ߷ͷԳģĿӰǰĲɲǼͣ
ף޲Tż־档
ʱӵصļʥȻҡǰݴž⣬һƻҡֻ࣬ͻأһӰռ壬ħ޲T
ʯһáûпе޲Tעҡ˵
ҡԥĽĻʯҲˣŻʯе֣ﲻ罻ʥ
ǣ㣬Ȼ׽硣
ǰģ˽֮͸¶һ֡ҡ֪⣬Ѿǣ浽ǧܣ¹ǧδ½иǰǧʵΪײܽӴĴ£Ǹ⣬¾Ͳܲˡ
ʥĵͷְг˼仰̧һ֮ţֳҡһָϴһ⡣
ȥɡ
ҡ޵Ŀ۱ħסӰ˻Ϊ֮⳯ȥ
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ҡ⼸ڲһӵĹͻص׽磬ʥڵǵ⾹Ȼֱӽͻ޵һɽϣ²ɽӦǼʥһصأͨԴ硣
ص׽磬/ϵϣ⼸ССһ󣬴ҡڵĽޱǡ
ǻϴʱ֣ӵȺҡ⾹Ȼ˿ʵС
ʱǰǧĶһǧʵĴ¡ʱص׽磬ȴԴ緢£мʥдĻ
ԴЩһΣ֮飬ҡⲻɰ̾һ䣬Ȼ֪Ǹ
ˣ˻и߸ţҪЩжסϹҲûá׽籾ҲдΣشٷ׽˶ԴǼ²Σ޹ء
ռ޲Tҡиһ˿ǣħı£ӦòԼΣվ
Ҫĵ̫࣬ҡоԼͷûˣһڷĵף߽żҵ¥
̫ҵǮӣ˳Ĵ켫ڹɵ̫ϡ



203 
Դ黨켫ΪͼƷ˺, ɷɵĵӼ˼ʹĵز
ǰ컯ƬҵսȻޣ켫ŵУ黨Ҳ£ʮʥеĽ壬˸Ǻ
⽣Ӱ, Ҳ仯, ˲ĿıǼʮǰӲСҡһΪŵٴ, һԾΪһ, ƿɽ̫ͽ, ʽΪ̫š
Ϲŵ̫Ǻס޵ĳţھȻ̫˵, û黨켫ڶʱͣսʼעǰûᡢһġ̫š
ԼƤӵ·չԼСܣ黨켫ڶҪѹһѹµ̫ŵķͷ, ܲܶշһСӼʵ϶ȥȫȥ, أ̫ŻĪ
̫űдɽϢȻ
̫, ޻, Щ廨ŵ¼мС, С¡켫ڽ޵żҲ֪Ϊ켫ڹϵ, żҼżͶ½̫š
żƾǿ޵¥, 黨ĵ̣ڱǵ¥켫λβ黨ϵĶӣ񡰶ӡڵ¥Ǳǰùࡣ
󣬹˳Էʱ¥ûʲôˣƶڲ۵ĵط̸䲻ſڳһϸӰ
Źվſڣչûۣ˿˵ݣȣŲǸģļӰԳ
ӣ룡ʳԼ¥ż䡣ӭͻƷɿǰڵӭ˽
˲Ļ̣öԼ
ӭ͵Ļ̲סĿˣֵܿͷֻƣƼǲ˵
ҡŻ˶¥ܿ͵Լż䡣
ƿյģȽȴӰǻƹ߻ԹɫûжֱӴ˷ųȥˡ
Ȼƴϴ뿪һֺ۵ӰͻأĳڷڣǸոĶˡ
زϰˣ㲻ɡƫͷҡ⣬΢Уɫɵڼϣ˳żͷ䵽ϥ
ҡ棬ʣЩȥ
ʱеɣպԼ/棬ȻԼˣɴ౾Լ̼ǵõҪȥ޼֮أڶ麣ͳֿһ۶ȥʮˡ
ͷҰǳ̾˵Ƴҡ⣬㲻ǻͦôôΪȫʧӣ
˵⡣ҡûжͣŪĽϢû֪/һֱ޻Ծ϶δϵΪ/Ҳ˵ùȥ
ΪƼ֮󣬱ϿΪѾ˵ڣֻҪԸʱͻƵ
һӽ̫ͬԭľǰ˰ʱһֱޣȴһͻƵپȻ˻Ľһҹصǰӻڡ
֮ڰľٴͻƣƼ̥һΣѾޱȼʵֻҪ㹻ԪܻΪʷϵһһӽΪ
һһΪЩķԷӳսмʱһս֮
ӳǶ쵽ˣ㾹ȻôɣЩԾĿҡ⣬ȷûмװģ
ҡ뿪Ц˵˵´μңѾˡ
Ⱥ˻֮ˣ󲿷Ϊ˼ȻȲľѭ浸صǿмֲԾ/˴Ų鵽Ϣǽ˺
˵Ǹʥ˿ٵ磬ǰأԸزֽٰڶֱһС磬һǧ
뵽λʥˣ뵽Դ硣Դʱȷǲָʹ/ǱߵϢ޲ʱ⵹˳üʥѵصʱһѻ
УҾ͵׳
Բҡ˵ĻЩҲЩԵΪҲͣʶڣħҲ󾳽硣ȻҪ츳ٺõ츳ҲҪʱ䣬һԳɴӡ
ξħȥ˺޵ħȥҡûоΪ£˸⡣
šüЩԥ˵ȥѪɱ
ʲôҡųЩţûħĹȻȥɱ֣
Ҳû뵽ɡٺһЦϵľԲ
ҡ⿴ЦѪɱɵǼùĹ۲ı¿׽ǰֲûħͳξô궼ûҵ
Ҹɵúúõģ˭֪˰ѰѪɱˣû취ֻĵطԹĿһۣ̾
ҡ΢΢򴽣ͷͶҾͶˣԺ㡣
ѪɱɱΣȻǮ˰£ǳĺܣţֵҲܷŹܣ/⼸һֱڲѪɱľݵ㣬ǰ˶Ѫɱĺüݵ㡣



204 
˼ʮδ, 仰˾, Լ֮Ե, Щ˼ʹദʱ䲻, һ;÷Ͷ, ˿Ρ
Ļ, һ˿ģô˵Ҿͷˣȥ, Ҳֻˡ
ҡȴûôֹۣԴ޲Tλе𣬳֮һҪѵħ档
ξôȥͶޣ޲Tᶨӵ, ͬΪ֮һξͶͶ
ᵽξ΢ק½ȥ, Ĭú, Щԥ˵Ҿô»֪
ʲôҡһ, ôȻˡ
̧ͷЩȷ, һֱϵ, ƺͿʼıʲô
⻰˼, ǰʲôƻ
ʵͶ޺ڻħ޲, һλѣ˭סλü両һɫ
޲TѾգԴĵҡⰵ̾һԴᣬ޲T鸴յϢǿ͸¶ȥˡ岻ħع顣
ֻؼȻ޲TԴħ̬ȾдȶˡĽ屻ֹλع飬ᰵаħ档
ʥĿڷ磬ħҪںָʵҪһʱ䣬Ȼ͸סˡ
˵ħ֮һɲ¥޲ǰҲħԨˡ˼ĳ룬ҡ̾˿˱Ƶǰ
ħֻʣλ̬ȲѪħ٤Ү⣬λħ޲TĹսѪħֻܿ
ֹɲ¥ޣλҲˡҡҡͷ˫ȦűأɹĻ㴹ԴŲյ
ҡӹ⣬ǴӺε֪ģϢ/֪飬Ӧ˵󲿷˶֪
λħʾħ֣׽Ҫˡ
ѪɱʲôģȻԼϢĿһ˿֮ɫ̧ͷһЦҲ㡣
ҡȻ֪ǣħȫ˵ħع鲻Զˣ죬Ǿٸħ鸴յĻϢ黹δ󣬻ת
޲T飬ס൱谭ħعĽŲϺϵʥˣҲҴƱֽ׶ֻһһ
ˣ֪λͳξˣʲôˣ޲TϢյ̫ˣ֪ĳξˣӳ߻⣬ħ汾ԴϢһƬհס
ħ鸴պ󣬱ԴΣǽ޲TıԿ£ж˸ҡⲻɿ룬Ϊ֮һ޲T᲻Ҳб仯
ƺûעҡⰵдĿ⣬ָ㱭أüͷ΢΢𣬴ֻȷζټǵٳ𩣬֮ǰ켸ԵǰĻǺȻָΪһǧʱĸ󾳽磬ֱӴӴŵڴڵڡ
𩣿ҡЩ⣬мӡ󣬵Ϊ˰ѹȼҵľԶߣȥӡԨ衰ɱˣԨʱаСӴǣڱ޿ԼɡϢ
ȵȣ˵ָˣʱͿͨ죬û뵽Ȼ޲T֮һ
ͬǻǲȫȱʧĻǺȻȥˣӳʧĻǻ᲻Ҳȥˣ
ҽʱ䷢ֵģΪȷǷλıԴйأҲ㽫׼Ҳ˸׳족˵ƺЩʲôҡ⡣
㻹ǵ̸ô
ҡ΢˵ͷ̸ȻǣԽһߣڼʥڻ֮õ컯Ƭľ컯ȳµҲ̸ҡ
ȻǻĹ֮һϹʱʵʹǰͻһʮʥжûʸȥ̸Ͻͨһлơ̸õ컯Ƭֳٳٲ¶棬̸ϱԣ̸ϼ塣
ǰȻ͵ϮңƺҪңˣһҲйءüͫһ⡣
Ҫץ㣿ҡⲻ̸Χ̸϶û֣ȻðűֵΣȥץ룿
ͷɫص˵ѾپϷħԲŻҲйء
֮ǰξɹ飬ҡ֪Իɣһ˵̸ȻɿΪץľٶҲҵˡ
˾ħ汾Դһ̸ͨޣ˵£սɢȥ˿ں̲סʵŮһλʥŮҪӣ˵޿Ѿһֱڴϲɣ˾ɰ
Ϊɰûʲô˵ģ۾Ŀҡ⣬ıָ˼־ʱɡ
ҡ΢㶣ڻĽ⼸꣬/Ȼ׽磬ȴһֱޣޣϵ֪ˡ
/ָ֮ջָûһŰֽȻļ˼άͬûбάϵǶóĿܣϷ/Ůİ˶硣
ĳ̶ֳȽ飬ǳڼľ̳˱Ĳּ˼άû˸ֻ𽻴£Ȼ˶˸ķ/Ըˣ
ڷļ󲿷ֶ̫źϢйϢӣҲǵһ˵νľɰ»
ӣ˭Щɻʡ
Ļžһ²豭Ծ˵㻹˿ˮԷϢעˣ
ȴΪҡ͹ˣⲻעԷϢ
ŮҡĿ΢Ůվأѵ޲Tڰ磿
ȷʵ֪Է˭ǽǸճӡ̽һ顣޷ͷŮʥŮ涼ѹˣμݷŮֱ˿˺üΣΪ׽ͷʢŮ֮һ
ҡĽܣûʲôӦ޲TذϵҲûãλνϵûʲôõǵġ
бħںϵΣգʱŮ鳤ӽǸʲô̵ģ޷֣ʲô
һ㣬Ժ֭Ρ
ûӦ̲סֵʲôоûУ
ôǰѵŮѡ
ҪʲôоҡһΪ飬ν»ɰȫϡȥԴ羭¹ǧµˣһ޹ؽҪİ˸ֵһᣬй򻹲ĹԴ˺ʱ
һĿ
ʱ
λֹͣͣƵ
ʶΣҡ̸Цһʱǰ˭Ĳ䣿ںڰ˼ʮ꣬ټѾΪѪеϰߣѾ̫ϰ߹
ҡ͵ס֣ѾѪɱˡ
ԲۿɫͫƺǹҧҧСһָϥϹԹ
£ҡ
黨£ӡһŮ
黨ÿϢ¥ãˡҡһת΢΢



205 
š֨һƿ, һɫŮ˽, żӡ黨Ƥ, µӵòͨǰμ, Ǽòĵ, λԳ黨µĻŮҲ, ж˷ˡ
֪黨ǰν£ҡ˼ۣޱĿڵ
ھǡ, ̬üͣڣȷ.ľøһ󾳽磬֪Ϊ˱ʾӻǷֹϡ
λһ۱㿴ҡΪһ˿, 治ɫ׵Уйǰҵӭӣ֪ӿ¹ʵΣ
⻰˵ʵ, ҡΪ׷ɱ, ˱Ǽٰ¶˽һ黨, 黨λɽڵķֵйһ̸һǣ黨ûӦ, һ, ͱע⵽ˡ
¶޼֮رŪ, ݲͬ, 黨˿²ӭֱץ
˺ÿͣҲƴǣ ҡüһתֻҲˣԼҪ´βȥݷõ
λ¿̬ͣȴһҲҵֱӽţ˿ûкβס˵ܵµ˲ôçײҡ֪ô޷̽̽ĵס
ĿǰΪֹ׽ֻ֪޼֮عϵǳǺֹϵûеõȷϣɣϾ޼֮ص˼ٳǴС׽硣
黨ȥ̫żĹϵ˷¶ӣΪͷٻȷԴ̫ŵ̬ȡ
ҡⲻ黨οϾûαôڳԿҲԼûôʱ黨ԻİϷ̫ڷչڣھͺ黨ʤ㣬һʼס黨̫ȡʱ䷢չ
˵֮صڵ϶ûһ£Ҫ˵ȥ黨
üͷ΢΢һָֻһĨĹ⣬һԵĳ룬ҵӣӵȻҲͬ黨ӭ֮
ˣҡϵĲյƺȻıȤͷҲǵʵңӭҡɽμ̫ŰµĿڴ䡣
Ϊǰĵ仰ȫǰĻƬ̣ȷ˵ڴ䣿
ûʮ̫žпڴ䣬λǰ黨ɣǵһ֪ġ
Ȼ̫ţδʽڸһΪ̫̫Ѹæ̫żпڴ׳ӣûϢȲӵҲȾٰ쿪ڴ䣬ӵҲûд䡣
ˣ/Ǳ߸ո֮󣬾Ѯпڴ䣬Ѹ¡
ܷ̫ţɫ΢Ŀż˼̫žٰ쿪ڴһźţ仹ҡɽ
Ϲʱڣҡɽ̫ŵΧװװţ潫ԼϹŵ̫ˣ
ҡЦĶǳһڣĵĿڣú黨žͻյ㡣
һȻҵȾȸˡֻǷ롱ҡȥ黨ϾõҪѶϢʱЩƼ
롣ҡüһЦ˵ǡ롱͵ĶûУ¼ŻȥҲ˲ЩС£ܿʹˡ
ȼ뿪Աһֱû˵ĳ̲סЦҡɽֹҡҲԵ֡
ҡɽֹŹ֣ǶϹ̫ŵַȻڣȻнҡգգۣЦе˵
Ϲŵ̫źơޣռݵԴһҶŵۻҪ۲űԣԴĵļƬ򱻼Ϸ֣ɽŶ켫ռˡ
ҡɽ̫һȽصĵط̫ŵɽŷΧλݵķֽش̫֮ŦɽѰԴѷȲԱߵɽҲ֪ʱ̫ΪηҪѡַҡɽ
̫ڣ˭Ҳɽ̫ڴɽĶɽҲͻķˡ
ɽ̫ռݴɽϧݵڴ˴йŹ֡ҡŲ˼֮뵽㣬ôҡɽûҲ˵˷ܡ
ҡõɽ䣬̫Ŵ󲿷ͨص䣬ȻҲٲ̫ŵܣойҡɽ
ҡɽ̫Ŷʢʱڷֵģ˵ʱƽ̣̫֮ΪɣѸռҡɽźǣֱ̫ڱҡɽҲûȫо
פҡɽµɲᵽҡɽƺŴܡ
ڴǰɽȫϲ̨棬ʹ׳ռ˲ٺõԴ黨켫ֳҲԶ
Ҫһ鿪ɽɵķˮأַһᣬǿ޵ԴϷֵòˣ뿪ҲҲطֻܿᡣȻʮķչ൱ŷչǧ꣬ѾˣҪٸߵĵ̣»ᱻȺ
ҡ⵱׼ؽ̫ţɽŵ£ҡɽŹֵɽȻȻߡҡɽ֮䣬Ǻ޵黨켫ڻǲݵڵȶЩ룬ҲûдԴѷ⼸ûʲôȱ㡣
ɽԴѷȱ㣬ҡƴ֣㡢ԴѷǾһɼҸطҡɽĻ
Ȼ֮Էô󹤷򣬻ΪҡɽýҪ֪̫Ҳûоɽʲôܡ
ԼϲŽ̬Լ˵Ǹֱܷ˷ֲ˵Ķ
*
̫ɽžмԶΧĳǳؽ̺ǣΪ޵ڶĳǳأȻе̺ǵĴ
ҡͨ󵽴̺ǡ
ǵľ·̺߳ǳؿҪһЩôǷԲĳǳأһȥҲΪ֡
̺ǺͱȫһЩĴܣѾºۣżƯĵȹ
̺ΧԴḻһûûչֱΪ̫ŵƬиõóΪԴ㣬뺷һ޺ͱȫͬķò
ҡҲüǳأЩǳط죬˭û̺ǻң˵һʡ

̺߳ǣע⵽кüĿעǣҪǿʶΪֻǲҽĿͣڳϣΪԺԲơ
·һʱ򣬻һɫѬĵķɳ嵽ǰչ¶Ϊ̺̣ϲּĴ
Զ˵ҡЩԾԾԵĴڲزˡ
Сùãڻˣ
һΧЩﰵĿ˲ʧ
ͬʱһСӰ񵯻һڡһ³嵽ҡǰסȸɺۣڻˣ
ҡ⿴̫˲øӡ
Ҳ֪ԴΣ



206 
𾳵, ҡһ·޲۵Ļص̫š׽˺ü, ʮֲ˵Ҫ̺ǵ¥Ϊҡӷϴܡ
ԴһֱŸң׽绹ûüúϢÿڴ֮ǰʱľΪ׼
ȻӰõǿ顰ʯбԪٱĻԪ, ҪǵԺ׽ֻԽԽϡʺ, ѾԤΪԽ, ԼԪԽӴʯĻԪĹؼ
ڳԪ׼޼֮رչأҲֻ޼֮صĻ޺֮ǵĴ, صԪ㡣
̫, ҡŵӼ򵥽̸˼, ӾʹҴҸˡϾΪһ, Ҫ̫, Ҫ׼ڴˡ
Ϊ/ļ, ̫ʮϤ, ƺлҪ˵, ʮĽŲι̫, һλӴ̫ŵˡ
Сù, 汻ȥ, Ȼ϶ˡ뿪, ȲĶ˵
ʱҲӵһЩյСùʧȫޣȻȻΪгġաСùʲô֪飬ԼҪڻСù
ҡ۾΢ΪЦҡҡͷЩҵȻ֪ҵķ/׽硣
͵ĽӦöƺõģһʼ֪飬Ĵʥ뿪ԴʱԼ˵仰ᵽ档
ϸԴľȻۣ˳嶯ԴŲ⣬ûʲôΣʥʾԣ֪ԴΣԴŲأ簲ȫ
лһҪ棬ƺڰйעԼ
ڼʥԼĹעԼĹעѹѪͼڱڿѪͼڡԡˣЩ֪Ǻá
ħ岢ûѪͼһ˵ֻ׽ȻѪͼڡͼһѪĹУǽѪͼΪͬı־ͼûˣҲ֪㲻ˡ
뵽ҡ⻹ǽѪͼʧ¸֪ǰû
ԭҡⲻˣĻ˸ոյ£Ƭ̣ɴ۾˵ˣ
ҡͷȻʧȥͼڣвźͼѾΪָδķ򣬱ͼڣǿͼڸ
˵ףĹвǿɡ
ҲδţҪȥʳЩµĴȻûͼʧع
ڷɽȥҡģҲûھͼڵ⣬˸⡣
һϷɽ̤ϽݾʧˣͬʧӦûԭһļ⡣
ȥһؾһһ𡣡¶״ڷɽ¼򵥽һ£ؾз±һ
ҡĻ˼ĵ˵ͷǸӦþǼ⡣˵ǰǸؾģ͵Ľʱ䣬֮/ֱϣһ̫š
һ˳Σҡ⿴߲𵱳쾳¿ߴʱ˵Ļǻħһ㲻ͣϡ
˭ҲҪţ
ԼҪ˭
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ʮ壬̫żҡɽٲڴϢܿѩƮ޸ִޡ
̫ʧ˼֣³ޡȻޣ̫־Ͳ֪˶ֵ񾭣ܵûв븲̫֮ս¶޷һսĲҡ
֮ʱ̨̫ܵ˾ְΪڴ׼µ̫ŵ׷չʱ䲻ʹ̳Ϲ̫ŵĴУ˵滹ǱȲһ˿ڴǸѵᡣ
ֻҪڴˣʺõĵӡ
ҡϢ˼󣬾Ͳסӣȥһҡɽ
ҡɽ̫ɽŴԼֻԶҲɽҡɽԭ֮һطԶʱڰǨҲ㡣
/ȥҡɽΣ޹ǰ޷ǻǲģٲ̽һ
кãҡ̫ꡢͳǰҡɽ̫ѾųϢҪɽҡɽҡɽѾפŲ̫ŵĵӡ
ҡúܵ͵κҡɽѾ˵ߣǵټܿͱ˷֣ĳЩһֱעҡɽˡ
ʦ̫ŷҪɽǲǷʲôҡɽһһطü
һ廰ҡɽϹ̫ŵĵط˵֪ʲô
ߣϷоҡɽǧ꣬ᵽǾժӣǧһЦΣȸǣ˵Ǹɽڵߣͷףһ˫ӥź⡣
ϧڣǿºѸǡط⡣
ǶɽЦһĨ˰Ѻ룬һʼ͸ǣȥϴǶ
һԵĺĿ΢ƺ뵽Щʲô
ߣҡ˽ҡɽ
ҡɽʵԽҡɽҡɽ⻹ɽҡǽ塣ɽֿ֮²ʲôرĵطӲҪ˵һ㲻ͬǾǴɽǹʯӲ·صûʲôãеͨҪûʲô˹ע
Ϲ̫ʽоóۣƳĴʣʮƯϧ˵ⶫ̫ߣȫû
ҡ⵹ǶҡɽӲе뷨/ԹƴպõĴ»ɢɫʣԡ
ϲĶԶʱӶö©һҲǱʾ޴ĲƸ⣬ܵΣҪҪ
ȻһֱʻǿҲҪ¸ˣʱԺǡ⡱
ɽ´ɽȻһ򳡴Ĺ㳡һɽ㳡ɽܾ֮ǰʹڣϹ̫ŵļɽǷ֮ǰѾڣ㳡Ūġ
̫β̽ľɽ˵̫ŵĵԳֶû/Σÿζ޹۷̫ţҡⲻὫעŵͨɽϣβ̽
׼ɽʱ򣬳Ȼҡ˫дĿҡһתд˾仰뼸ɲĵ˵ͷ
ָһΣһֻƶСİɫħϢ뿪



207 
˽붴, ɽխСǱ, սȥ߼ѾҪֲָȻû˵һ, ҡ⻹ϰԵóһӤȭͷҹ, Χյͬ硣
һʼխϡֲ, ڹ⻬Ϊϸϵ·֮񹤶γɡ
ҡͷ۵, ɾͬʱʱɨ˵Ҷ, ҳҲɼ
û󷨵ĺۼҡԾһ, ˶Էе졣ǵһν, ҡķ/ѾΣҲ.һΡ
ǸԵļ䣬ƺûйעһ, ΪĿ΢ʿ, ⱾǼΪ¡
Ǽ䱻ɽһˣ
ڷ/ļ, ɽʮͨ, һٳĿռ, ƿսϸƿ, ƿǡǳᾹʯʲôûС
ʼ˼ǰߣҹĲӲӰ׹⽫Χյά֣ĵӰӡϣһ̣Ǹץһ˵֡
֪ʲôʱĵӰӺ˸СӰӣӰֻмߣͬ֫ͷ­·С౶ˡ
ʱıڼ
Ӱ̫䣬ҡһʱûв̫˰ռƣܿͷӰӡ
ף㿴̫걧סҡĴȣСָǵСӰӣмּ
ʲôûУȴ˸Ӱӡ
ƺ̫ĻǸӰӡಡһ˵ӲӡǽϵӰӰӱһźӰӲݵӰΪһ󣬸ҲӰ
ʲôɻʣǽ飬Ϊδδ
ϢɫмأǼΪߵˣǸӰӵټֻܣһӰӱΪߣӰмΪ֮
ҡ⿴¶һĨ˼üȻûж⣬Ǽ߰ɡ˵̫ǰߡ
ղĵͷǰҡŵ̫ʱΣҵǸʧ䡰Ӱӡ
һ·ԣܿߵͷϧֱǸӰӶûٳֹ
ǰʱȻʣһٳܶ
һڰɽܶ
µʯ飬ǡʯ֮лʯʯǢɵʯܶʪ΢żƱ֮⡣
һűɫӣܶЩӨ͸ʯڱҫ£ǳһ⣬ȥȻһƬѩɾ
Ƭۼܶɾһʱ˵֮ǰҡ޴ɻǵļУɽɽι״ɽʯȴ񿴼ʯ֡
ҡⲻø࣬ովˬȫܶͨڣɽۣܶ/ûӡ̫Ҳûмء
Ư뿴ǰҵӡ૵
ףֿˣʱ̫ȴקҡ䣬ͷָŶ˵
˲̧ͷŶֻһߵӰӣұвϱܣ·֪ǷǡӰӡܵøˡ
˲Ƶ̧һģ뽫Ӱӡұקһұϣұƺб˿𣬻ֱӷϡ
̶̼Ϣʱ䣬ұеġӰӡѲ֪ȥ
ʯйŹ֡
ص棬״µšҺøղֻȫһ¾ͳ˵һԼ
û°ɡҡסüܶ;
̫оĵطƺ
쵽ǰָĸΪģЦû£ѵһԼŪԼ
Աߵĳ롰͡һЦ
ֶӣոˡҡظǿҲ𽥻ָѪɫ˿ļ
ǼҲһɽȻ˵
ҡ˼ͷ׷˶ҡɽЩ˽⣬Ǹͬͨڶ֪
ոսɽʱ򣬳뷢һֻ𶦾׷䡣׷伫ѽףԵ츳Ҳͬһ㣬𶦾׷ĸ֪
Ҳ׷˵ù˳롣Լһֻڵħ棬ħ汾ͱһĳײУοһֻûʲôĽ𶦾׷䡣
ڼ˽̸ʱû˹ע̫ܽʯ֣̽ԴҿƺģѰʧġӰӡ
ףиˣ
Ƭ̺󣬺Ȼ̫꾪ȵĺĻæ˹ȥ
Ȼʯܶ͵ȴδˮֻǿЩʪҡɺʪ֮ʵǿűӵԵʡ
ߵ̫Ƕѧ̧ͷֻǰұ·Ȼγһ޴ӢޣһŮӣƺ˯ģ·ʱۣѹ̫˵иˡ
˵ұϵġΪ棬ʯϸҲһ˿ΪĺۼҪ˵ȻγɣҲš
Ϊ⡰ˡΪ棬ޱߵķ˿ܿ塣
ҡ˼΢תȡ˪ܲұºۼʱһΪ̶ļУʮߵӰӴ˷ܵǰұϣȭͷ
öСˣ̫ɴۣ̲֮סЩӰӣЩֵӰҲˣ˭̫һӰӣұ˸̫һӰӣվԭص̫ʧ
̫꣡
ҡɫ䣬ԱߵͳҲʲôͨȻܰקұڱӰӡ
̫ӰӽֱվţһʮӰ̫Ӱϣͷϵģϵģϵġ
Ӱú󣬼ҡȭͷҡһ侲Ȼ˪
ұ⸱
𽣣ЩӰ㲻ٻȭͷȻǻ̫ϣ׼˳
ҡü˪ЩС˵˳ĻҾ֪ö
ȺӰͨΪ죬ƺͷԱȽϼ򵥣һͽİѱˡ
ұзĽƺҡвΪеӰӴ̫һ·ڿҪҪ̫ꡣ
Ƭ̺ʮӰСӰߵ̫Ӱԣ̧һţ̫Ӱӡһ´ұϵ
ϷƵģ̫شұ£ҡס
أ̫ˣ̫ıסޡ
ҡԱߵĳЩֻЦã˭Ҷġ
̫˱죬һתȻŴҡ⻳ܵұԣұСˡ
̫롱
ҡ⻹ûü˵껰ͼ̫һ⣬ִұקһС
̶ļٶұӰ˲ܵûӰҡ⼸Ŀɿڴ



208 
ұﱻӰֳĿ, ģӰֳǸͯƴˣֻ͸Կڲ٣ֱùż
ż۾ռ˰ֻû۰, ֻһҶġСȹӡ̫굹˦˦ȥ, ﷢һ̶ļ
ħļҡü, ̫ͷ, , ̫ꡣСӦܶԭ񣬻ܴл֪ܶ
̫Թ, ͣ˭֪Ǹ˦ͷתСͣıס̫һҧȥ, ̫ꡰءһʶС˦
С˱˦գͻأת˸䣬ۼҪɽұ, һȴһֻץס
ȻѾ, ͲҪżȥüһЦ, ܵСˡ
˭ϵЦ⻹δɢ, С˶Ȼ仯Ϊһűƽ͸ֽ, ˲ߡ
ֽٴƮұڣ;ֱһ˵ּס, ŻֽƬ˵С, ĵ⵽ʲô
ֽƬѽѽĳ˻ȭͷ, ŷһŭ仯ΪʮƬ˷ȥ
̶ʮϢʱ䣬ұקӰѾѡʶı£˲ٴ⣬ֱӽΧĿռ˭֪ЩֽƬȻӽৡһ´ȥұײȥ
ڴʱһλſЩɢƬֵ̿ļȻίίĺ£ָֽƬ˵ģƺԻΪ¡
ҡֽƬˡһֻȼһطٵЦų˵ӾͰŶ
÷ٵԸˣΪոյ̫ЩΪʵɫ壬ԼƺЩһ֮ĹãСԷٵΪɵ
̫űҧֱ۵űץסСˣѧˣ
Сˡޡ˼һ±ƽֽƬ˷·գۼָΪһʼĹģ
̫꣬ôץģҡûǸո̫꽫ӰӴұקʱǵâǼЩ˵ֶһ֪̫ȴ׾ٵĽұŪ
һ·ϣ̫ұӰƺΪע
̫ץץԴ۾ż˿Ի󣬡Ҳ֪;ץȻץסˡ
ףǸո˭ץȥˣ̿
С˴ԼǵĻĻָ̫귢ߴߴߴֵҡЦöᡣ
ǣû׼ã̫ܻĶ˶ţ֡žһ´ڳЦСͷ
ߴߴЦȻֹСһ˫ŵ·Ҫɳȭͷʾ
ڴʱǿűɫرɰɫܶɱΪɭİ죬Ŀ
ͻıʲ裬ʱС˷ܵĺһҡĿ΢ޱĽ֮ǰװľϻ
֮һɵĽΪɽǰδ˳⣬ȥȫȻĻ߱Σԣڿ
˷ļܶڵʯʯʯ񡢺ȻʼƶΣγһ߶۾ʯˡ˸ԼɣΪߣ΢΢ű۽ա
ʯͷվһֻСĴָˣĹȣѽѽĽ˼˵ԼӦһ
ҵˣҾ뿪ȻǾҪʹĳͷ
ҡ⼸˶һۣʹĳͷʲô˵ҡʮȷЩС˸׽顣
׽磬ǧ綼̫ħ˵Ϊʲôôƺ̫ħҲ˵塣Դ֮£ҡ⻳ɻǧйءһ˵ǧ磬̫ħǸͳƺûħ֮֡
ԣ޲Tħ壬ʵѾħ֣֮ħˡڳһʹǲĳط壿
Ϲ̫һֱҡɽ׽ĲܶȺֵСˣҡ̫Ų²мֵֵֻǣǷ/̫ŶûᵽȺСˣ˵ܶڵƺɣպɽ쳣
²⣬ʵһ²⣬²ֻܳȥ֮ܵõ֤ʵԣ²ģȥҲûˡ
۸ġҲ˵۽ٴΣ˶ôŹֵ£ȥԺܶļᱻͳͳ¹ɽϢȫǼٵġ
뵽Щ̫űȻҲ뵽ϧһȥܶļȫ۸ģǸ޽ѭ̫ƽ٣ҲΪġȻ̫ŵ̫ϳϣǹҡɽϢԼֻƽ̲
һʯͷ˾ܵʲôʹ
ҡ˼֮ʣȴһԾԾԵģո˵Ųܴ˵ʲôŹ֣ͳͳſˡ
䣬ֳֳɵʯǰǾ˸ֻ֣Ȼۣкʢ¶ףԲ˼ٶһۣܿ⡣
Ǻգһұϡұû£ұļֲȴ˲ʯ·ʯͷ
ҡ⼸˲ɫӡûΣյɽ
ҵˣҾǳȥվھʯͷٴοڣոء
ҡĿ΢ǲ޶⣬ܱ֤ǰȫ뿪ץǸС޷֪ܶһȥ£֪ٶ඼ù
Ȼ̫µźô״ɵġ
ȻǲˡС˰°ͣȻ˵
ҡһС˵Ĳȥɽ˶ȻĻȥˡովʯһô㣿
Сƺ˵뷨ȳǼʯֲһָһڹʯֲָ
ȻСѾͷ⣬ҡҲСȡ˹С˵ľϻ
˭֪ʱվھʯͷС˺Ȼɫ䣬ָĽкұ԰ټƵӰҲһ𷢳С
ҡ˽䱸Ŀǣ֮ǰúõģô׼˵ʱȻ̬ȴ䡣
Ǳ!͵߶ı!ŹȵС˵ҡ⣬ԭ͸ɺɫ۾ˡ
ߣҡϻӣȻѸײڶ֮÷һָվھʯͷϵ˲
ʯ˶͵ɨʯ䣬ҡ⽫ͬСһͽСС
Լҡ˿û֣С˵̫˵㣬öˣǼոյĻ
ЩСϲŭ޳ٺȥ˵Ǽͨͨʯ
ͳ붼ǵһνС磬Ȼ治Ҳ֪ʱѯʵʱûж˵ʲô
ǸŹȵС˽ָҡѽѽͣҡ˾ţ֮˵ġߡʲô˼
֮ǰɽлõǿСƬȻЩС˸̫ŵ!
Ҳ˵̫ʵЩСнףֻϢأ߶̫ƽǰ˵̸׵ġ



209 
ܶΪ˵ʧһţӷ·ܴ˵, ЩС˷׷״ұ, ȥ, ԭ͸ɺɫʯΪʧȥĿ꣬±ۡ
ûһźӱΪɫ, ָֻܶһʼıɾʯҲ»ΪԭʯʯС˾һߴߴ, κ, һֻ֪ĸܹС˳Ǻ˼䣬еСһɢ, ȫұڡ
һС˲غӰʱ, Ӱҡ˽ڡ
ʦ, ˲, еطĴΧ, ˵ɻ, ֮ǰʱһ
Ϊ׵Ķɽٵû˵üͷ۲, ׷ʧȥ, ܿѾ, ѾҲûټ, йɲõľס
ʦ, ˴һߵһұǰ, ̧׶ǰ
վұǰ鿴Ǹ, ұڵСһߴߴۡ
ÿζ˵һĻ
˵ոյ˾Ǵģǰץ!
ץ!ץ!
ԣͨͨץ!
Ǹп»ǰҲϴûù档
ǵҪҪץǣ
ĶǲĻˣɴǱʯͷ뿪
ô뿪õĵƬˣûСߡɳ춯ͻᱻ֡
峤Ⱥ͵ȥˣ
峤϶ǱСȥˣƻɵĵ͵!
ػҪ壬峤϶µְЩץ
ץץ
Ⱥ׼ץսʱҡǵ峤һѺǢĽ̸
ԣ˼ҪСƬ
Сͷֺ˵ⱾĶ
ҡζеġŶԭ˵׽Ļѽ
ô򵥵Ķ˽һҾ֪˵ˡСɽȻ˵
Сͱˣҡ΢ۣƬϾ̫Ŵõģ㻻˵ܿǡ
Ϲ̫ź֮ĶԹԣȺС˵׽Ŀġ̫ŵɽŶҡɽż©˼¿ƺǸʱᱬըը/
ֵǣȥԺ󣬾ͼǲ淢ˣ޷ֹ¡
õĵ͵飬ΣҲٺˡС˼Ц˵
ҡ΢Уֲмġ߸ϵǧ˵Ļ
͵飿һԵü΢̧𾳵ѹһţֱӽСѹſ£Բѵ󱲣ҲҳΪ͵飿
ʵ󡣡̿Ľӿڵ
Ҳͱϴһ㡣̫СָЦǺǵļ
С˴ӵûٶȷ졣żˣɽ𣬡󵨣
δ˵ʶԣı졣Ȼǳˣһ˲СȻ¡һ£·ʲôǿ˺߻ŨҡΪС˸ոһ£ȻҪС磡
ǹ־ֻһɨգ۾ʧȻûʼ־С»ᱻ׽־˺
ҡѽһС繴ȻδС磬ʶ𵴣ɫЩס
ˣû˵ųСɫ䣬ŹȽȥɫ
ոôˣ龰ʡ
ҡƳתתȥСˣ¶˼֮ɫֻǱ¶׷飬嵽ʲôͷ˵ڼɵʲô
ˣСù㻹ôϾΪߣ۹ȻȳҪ޼֮س걻ԣһ۾Ϳ⡣
û¡ҡҡҡͷ־ֻ̽û
˵ĻСˣܱ¶󡯵Ĵڣĵԭض˶ţҧҡ˵ף
Ҽǵøո˭˵͵͵סĿһתЦеҡ⿪ڡ
С˵ĹȺݺõ棬ؿ£תͷɫĶҡ˵ոյĻ׶˵ĺôȴܺԲơ
ִ£ҴӲϻڱҡû˿ݣĿڵ
ֻǸ־׷飬ԲơС¿׷ܡ
ûҸĺôҲֹ񾳣Сбƺ׽Ľ˵񾳼Ϊϡ
ҡ⻰޵ķʸļһʣ⻰ʲô˼
ġС˶˶٣ƺδǣѪв˽ԲǺʵ֮أ֮ǰԿ֪֮ˡ
һԵĻ⣬Щԡ
ҡȴĻ˵񾳣ԼˣײҪԪҼͬ׵ʮ׵ҪԪѾƻãϾһĪչˡ
λԴ磬ԴʱԴ鲻ضãҪʤһûкȫǴдı磬ͨʡ
ȻĶҡ⻹侲ּۻۣһ̫ԶˣνġԲơС·̫ʱܱλϡ
˵λȻǸոһŵ׽ϴȻûʶй£ǡǡ˽ǡ
ɽҲ㡣Сɫѿĵҡ⣬·ʨӴſھҪȥ
ҡݸҪɽʲôɽԭѾˡ
ѹƷԪСһʾ
ܣҡ⻹û˵̲סü֮ǰҡɽȥȥ˸飬˵ƷԪƷҲ
СĿһۣûнͣҡ˵㶼ӦǾˡ
ãҴӦ˼Ƭ̣
ŵĺôȻ֣ջͬʵںѾܾҲˡ
úúãĴС˿æҳȥ
ո̵ЩֻƭҷȥɡҡɵĿɹź󣬲̿ץСˣһڳͳͳС硣
һ˵Ľףͳͳ뿪ɡûվȣС˾Ϳʼˡ
ʱһȺС˴ұ˷ܵΧǵ峤ߴߴҽС
ҡľϻųһʼץסǸСˡ
ǸСһָɣܵ峤ߣָ̫ߴ˵˼仰ŹȵС۾һָ̫˵¡
˵ָͳˣͷĻֵ߰ɡ



210 
˻һ, 뿪ܶ
뿪ɽ, Ǿͻһаɡ뿪, ҡƳ峤ޱĿڵ
ò, ¿ߴ˶˵ĻӰʹı˴ֶԼҲ޷ȫοħ֮һȻ֪ǿܲǵ÷, ˳ˮ뿪
ɽСòĿ⿴ƺû뵽֪뿪֮, 滻Ǿỳɵļ䡣
ҡ΢, /ƭ, ƭϹ̫ƽ̾澳Ĵܡ
ȻĴҪһЩɽС˴
ҳȥԺ󡱲Ҳһɶɡ
ɽСбһ, ɽһ̣Ժ, ͲҪˡ
⻰Ϣе, ҡ΢, Ƭ̺ɫŹֵ˵˵Ǽ, ᵽСȥɣ
ǽһŽС磬ʹػ, һжΪˡڡɽ˵
ҡü, ˼˵Ե̫, Ϊ˽СƬγС磿
ֻϢȻ, ̫ôŲҲΪʲôõСƬǲûаԼ콫ƬϢںϣγС硣
ɽС˶Դûش𣬶ɫȻ˵֮ǰǩ
ҡü΢ֵǼˣ׽ƺûνĻ
ɽСüƮһţҡӹһɨ峤Ȼŭ嶯»ͦ׵ģһѾŪ˻ݡ
ᵽסСסָҪС绮һظǣ൱һûǵ룬С˶Ȩ
֮⣬κ͸¶ǵм˺ϵҪǻعʵءΪһսϵıҡɽ
է֮£һѾʵĶǼʲôЩûдȥ©̫˵ͱˡСȦһطҲǲУҲܽδ̫Ե˵㣬Ҫʲô£ְˣʱֱӰһʰô죿
һڡܰϵǰʲô΢峤ץס㣬ô޿֡ĽǶȿȷռ˴ˣֻҪóһطܵõһڽϵĴ鴫ȥ»ԴŸɡ
ϵڱܻˡ
ܲ΢͸¶һ£ʲôҡ侲Ŀڣе׼
ɽСüû㣬ֻ֪Ҫټй¶ܻᱻƳǧ硣
߸ɴֱӱҡĬĬһ䡣
ǩ֮ǰҪһָ˻Σһ˵ǼʲôҪɡ
ڶָڶ˵ĹʵжΣգ
ΣգǺαһֱ׽磬Ϊϵȥúϵȥδذȫ
Ƕ˵Ҳ֪֮ǼƷԪΪγɵģɽС¶һ˿֮ɫ͵ļ˵ڹʵأСѾͷ㻹ȲԼΪɣǵ˺ϵ޷ȫԼֻ˵̫ˡ
ǰ仰ҡڴǼνıʲô仰ȻҲмϵʮǧǸʱ£Ŭսϵ˵
ټһ㣬ҡĿ΢ڵڴڼ䣬˫˵ݻӺԷ飬㶼ⳡ׺Ѽȥ
ͷβ˶Էʲôϸأֶηʤ˵ʲôʱ˸Ӹ
ɽСɫ΢ͣκЩ鲻Ըĵͷԡ
ҡģƲƲ죬Ʋ˵ƣȻûǩʹſ⡣
ɽСҲʶԼı̫¶һæתߡֻûһüַɳһ׹ҡĹС
ǹжһϢոռӵһҡѧɽС˵ģһ֮ŽУűϻҶɫԼܿжһֻһɫСˡ
仯ĹһΪһɽҡüģһ·ɽɽСüġ
ҡоڤڤһȴǿԼΥԼ꽫֮֡
ȻѳɣɡɽС˰Ѻ룬м
䣬ܶڱһֿ֮ĵ־ɨɽСɫ΢еĹ򶴶һָӱһֵĲҡоܶĳЩı仯ţܶʧˣ·طڡ
ǹ־ܿʧֻҲųڰв̽
ҡ̧ŶӣⶫȻƬռ׷飬ǼɶõĴ󱦱
ɽСûע⵽Ŀ⣬һص˵䣬
˵ɵһʯǰϹƮưâʯȻһšҡ⿴۲ԶһȺСǡһҧ֮𡱵̫꣬εҡҡͷʱһɨұϲ֪ʱߴӰӡ
֮ǰûӰӣתһ׹֮ǰ׷Ǽˣû뵽ҲˣȺСŪұ
ҡûǣɽС˺š
̤ţ߱׹ռݣΧţһ˿춼ûУԼˡ
·һ硣
Ȱ׹ˣҡڿǰĳ
һƬǺİɫǿգɫâʶԴʯЩɫâڵʶڻкüʮš
ǡҡſ˵ȴԼ˵
˴ֻܿ̸һ˹
ҡתͷֻɽС˲֪ʱȻһ·С˴·ȻҲΪСɾϸ·ʽϴͨΪɫںڶаɫ·
˵˿װ𿿽װɽСôһװм峤ƣֻҡòŹ֣⸱ģ˵ıŤ
ɽСɫǰ·
ҡȡз衱ΪҲֲ˶á
ƬǺ쳣׳Щɫâ·γһ޴УԽԽܼҡƬֻ̨Щâй켣·𶼴Ŷصİ
ˡ
֪ȥãâСģﾲһȭͷ͸ʯͷʯͷһεĽɫɳӡ
ҡһ۾ע⵽ɳӣɳӺСһɰǴ˻Դٿ־ǿɳ̲һޱ磬׽绹Ҫ
ɽСϵĹʯͷǰϧ˵ҡҲԡ
ѧһȻǺҪ£ԴľѾ̵ᵽˣҡŴһ
κָǿ͸ʯͷ˵ⶫȡ֮һҪԺá
˵ǼҳɺϵıĪǾʯͷֻ֮һҡⶢ˵ǿ͸ʯͷɫ˵ĸӡ
˿װɽ峤мƲ죬˵㲻ʶǡ
ʯ̾˿żҳΪʥɣʥһϢƷԪ̲ˣ˵Ҳ֮³ܲӴöΪǿʲӦʹá
ҡüһҲġʥôԪֻԪŨһ̶ȲŻ޼ܹ֮żʮԪοǼƷԪҲֲһ˵ƷԪš
ʥ컯ĸȽһ㣿
컯ͬһ˺ϵΪʲôŽܣʥ컯ҪһЩ
컯ɽС˵һ˿ҡоеĳ컯ôܻڴ˴ǧν컯һ˿ͶӰѡ
ͶӰֻͶӰһȺҡɫ죬ôһ˵о׽类ΪıȻòô
ֻ˵컯ɽȴټ˵ȥ
˵ҡҲپᣬ͸ʯͷϵɫɳӣʣҪСĶɳӣ
ȫһ֮ǰѾԺණʬ嶼뵽ˡϾұϵǸʵڲò룬ȺСˣ˵Ĺġ
ţС磬ȥɽСɫǺ죬¶һ˿֮ɫСıʥ
ҡԴС磬ҪʥһٽС磬ϱʥɽС˿
Ӵȣʥһ
ôҡⲻơ
ɽСɫѿĶ˵Ϊ̫ͣ޷ȥ
ҡͬˣͷɳӶܱ



211 
Ǻ, һӰϥ붨, Ϸγһ޴ԪУâнӳ
ԶһӤСָͷ, ǰһֻص롣벻ѰԲ, Σн, ضһ㰵ɫ, ˸ƺи硣
벻װһԼ糤, ζֳ߲ʹΡ
Ԫ, ǼƷԪ
, Ԫһ㹻ԪɱΪʶ飬ƷԪһǻΪԪԪһξ𾳵ΪұͨҪǿ
ǧйԪֻһͱ׷ɱøϷֵ³ԴԺҲûйԪϢ, Ҳ֪ûγɹԪ, ǻεԪĶ
еƷԪδεʱ, ɼǸʱ䣬˵ܳɹΡ
ԶǸԪѾݽߣСĹָָеȵȥ
ԭζɳʱһʮɳľڰӰϷ
ҡ»δţֻԪٶˡʱһ״̬ʶڻ֮䣬ʿʱ״̬Ϊ֮
ڼʶԴ̨ѧԪٶȶʱʮòԶС˲զࡣ
Ȼѧõֲ̫ˡСҡҡͷ޵Ŀ
ʱһȥӰѾ𽥵Ӱ·ʱʧڣһӰȫʧ
˻С͵գգۣһû뵽ĽƷԪˡ
ʧҡϳһѹС۾һһָͳǺ
ʱҡҡɽѾȥһ࣬ٹ̫ŵĿڴ䣬ɽϾۼ˲ˡ
һǰǻɽҡɽΪ½˳ƬĽȺٲȻµȻɽ㣬źڰ׵۵ĵӸϲ⣬ΪպĿڴĳȡ
һʢ񣬿µӾܿһȻ̫ŵݶ˵ʮԺٰ쿪ڴǼĴ£ЩӾʵʵ̫״ӡ
̫ŵĵ⣬ЩСѾǰۿŴǰϹųŵҡֱϣԾΪһЩû뷨ǲܵġ
ʲôҡɽȳڵ磬Сɳģ۽˼пڴ䣬Ц󷽡
ʦԣ
ʦ֣Сʦ˵Ҳûѽҡɽ˵ɱȣСҲѡɽţ̫ŵǲǡ
˵ָָԴΧ̲ͬסЦ˳
ڴʱһɰҡɽղŻĲ񷣬ʱ䱻Ǧ֡
ǽƣ˭Ҫɽ٣
ôǿĪλǰ׶ɽڣ
Ȼҡɽɽ٣ҡɽǡ
̫ߵù˻ǺˣȻʱǰɽ٣֪̫ŵĻɽû׼ã
ҡɽѸٳ롣֪׽ɲˣ˽׽ٷΧӾ׽ٵʱֻϵù
˭ڶɽ٣ҪȻ̫ԲɣΪ̫ŵţҲһͷôĶҪֱӰҡɽûˣ̫ŶΪ׽Цǿڴ䣬ʱӼֱҪ
ҡɽʱΪߵҲǵһˣӵĻɫЩŹ֡
Сùڶɽ١
ɽû˾ûˣһɽѣʱðһŨɽ޼֮ص˵׽˵൱ûУοһѷɽ
죬̫ĲţλڶɽٵڣȻڶɽҲ˵ʲôֻĿڴô죿
ƺĵǣüЦպ
ûӻӦѾһ仰նߣСùõ׽ҪʼˣҪǰȥΪҲ˿ţҪ˿ҡɽ
ȴ˵ҡϥҡɽһ׽Ѿʼˡ
ζ׽ٴƣڵҡɽǵɫ׽г˱۴֣嵽ҡǰʱ̧һӣ׾תڵ׽˲ޡ
赭дµһ׽٣ƺ˽ƣֻһ׽ٽӶ˿˴ϢĻᡣ
һʮʮ׽٣׾ЩԲˣеĽȴԽԽ񣬷·ŴС
ҡ˦˦Щ֣Ĵӵ׼ӭһֵ׽١
׽к֣ܶ񶼼ɵѵף𾳵ףµľ̫ס̫ס׵ȵȣÿ綼жӦ׽١
ҡɵ׽٣йʮ׽ٽ٣еͷϷ̫ף缸󾳽磬²ֹʮ׽١
ûһһֵ׽ٽ٣ˮͰֵ̫״ӽ¡ҡļƶһ׹⣬̲һɼΪɲ·һƾɽ
̫׽䣬ҡվֱ˿׽ϣɫ׹ߣܿʧϵİ׹ûۡ
ʮ̫׹Ļ׹׽ٵʱˡҡͷĽƣмֲ
һʼ÷
һ˶ɽٻֿ׽ٱû취󡣶ҡⲻͬԪӯոոһƷԪ֮ǰԼ׽٣ӴԪڱ׽ٴ߰˰ˣڲſʼ׽١
д׵׽ٽ٣ֵľȻ̫ס
ҡлһƲ֮ɫѵĲһֻʮ׽ô
̫ײ̫׺ƴ󣬵ȴ̫׵ʮһ̫״͵ز˼£ջǽ׽һ
ҡüȱ΢΢һ£ûˡ
Ȼһ̫ڴϣѱ飬ʧȥ˷ã̫׵嵽ҡǰ
治ɫóһס׽
ǰѵɫɡͱصĺɡͬɡ쳣£ɡȼʹճһɽˮ׽ɡϣ˿Ʈ棬˲ƽ
ŋΪɽֵֻľɡͬ
̫׽Ӷ£ͳͳɡ¡
ʮ׽գ۾͹ȥˣ׽ٻûֹͣ˼ֱʮ׽٣̫ײͣ
ֹ̫ͣϵĽƲδɢһɵѹҡɽϣ˶ܵ˽ɢŲһϢ
ҡƿɡ̧Žƣеࡣ
ȴʱʵѰڲԶۿⳡ׽ٵ˷׷ײ²λ˶ɽ٣׽ƺû꣬Ƕɽڵ׽١
ѾõĽƣĿ֮£һ׽١
Ͻɫ׽ٹЮŷ·ܻصΰ¡
ףԶԹ۵̲סʧ



212 
һ, ԶΧ۵˾֣ɽҡҲ޷ֵ, ˻
ʱ, ɡϵɽˮɡƮӭסǵϽɫ׹⡰¡һײɽˮ, ·еޣƴȴ޼¡
󣬷ɳȥɽˮ·ɻɡϣɡҵĶ˼£ҡղסɡƬ֮, ɡڻָƽɡϵɽˮУĲȻһֵɫ׵硣
ҡûз, ɫءʱƲδɢӽϢأˡ
ڶ׳Ƶʱܿ, ûиĹ򣬾ֱķ
ױһҪ֣ϢҲΪΣգɡѹһ, ³ֵ׽Щġڶ׽ٵǰʱ, ɡһ, ǿס׽ٵĲƺ, ɡѺۡ
ʣµ׽̴̵ֱĳɡµҡ, ҡüͷ΢, ͳһ
ֻ׼𣬵Ϊ׵Ϊҽʱ׽ٵһ˿䵽ҡϣʼס
ڶ׽˳ȹ
׽ʧʱ׽Լҡ⻹ǵһμôżֵ׽٣ǲûŪ
׽ڣǰƻҪ㣬ҡæɡûɡѹһףҪǲСİųǾͺˡ
׽ٽǰҡҧҧΪֳӭס
ֻɫ׹⽫ҡɽû¡쳹ԲﷶΧڲԶΪҡⰴлɫѿòѿɽϣȴϵĽƻδɢҿ
Զ˼ҡɽʱģ۷׷ףӣҡɽǻˡ
ϧϧ̫ŵĿڴٰ첻ȥ
̫ŵĿұ²ռ׼ôûɽд˴ء
֪λǰûгɹɽ٣
ɵ˵۷׷ף̫ŵĵӾվһԣﰵĳƢ嶯Ѿ̲סǼԲѷۣЩǿͣµĳʵڶǲǿֻ̬չøأֻĬĬ
Ҵ󲿷̫ŵҲˣҡɽˣɽô죿ڴô죿
ҡɽδб׽飬ֻɽϸսཨȫΪҷɣɽͺͺʲôҲûʣ¡
ɽһʮɵĴӣĶһֻϢٵĺ·ʱҪ
ɽɽ峤͸һˮɽΣ¶һ˿֮ɫǲ;زۣлﵽoһ졣
*
ͣ˰죬ɢȥ
ҡɽͺͺʲôҲʣ˵ǽòݶʣֻ̫ýǰıȫ̺ǡ
Σڿڴǰ⣬󲿷˶ڿ̫ŵЦû취̫̫죬ȻϹ̫ŵͷлǵǳġۿЦǲ侮ʯѾˡ
˵ˣ̫ڲնЩͳڿڴǰ£пٰܾ첻ȥˡԭٰ쿪ڴѸº⣬ӵӵк͹У£˵Уж֪֡
ҡڿڴǰһģʱ̫ŵͷöİԽԽൽıͣд󲿷˲أ̫ճģ仰˵̫ŵЦ
ҡ֣ӷ·׽ǰ㣬˲ӭȥӣڳˣ
ɽ캣֮ܣƾһǳҲ˶ʱ䣬ûôӣǰλȴúܡҡɽٳҲָֻλˡ
˶ˣҡһʵΪĽ/ľҲɶϾǱչȥˡ
޵Ķˣһ֮ɢҲ黨켫ڻûжӽύְĻ㱨
ҡһ߿һ˵ȻԱ߲һˣԣǸ׽еģѲѾˣ
һɲĿҡ⣬Լʶڣ񿴲͸ҡΪȻֻһԭΪߣϵô󶯾Դת
һ𾳣ҲѾҡⱻֶˡ
𾳣ҡҡҡͷһ˵֮ǰ˵Ļˣ
Щȷ˵
֮ǰ޼棬ǵ˵ҪȻ𣬵ΪҲʮ־ˣԼ󾳽磬⾿ģ
һԵע⵽ҡΪԸ˭ҲܿҡɽֱڻšĿ׽٣ʵﲻŶ׽ٵҡ⣬˵ĻɺȻŶãȻѾˣٶȿ׽ҲҲڶ
һĬĬ˵̲סӣҡɽӣڴνУ
˵ҡɽΪҡɽٱٵģԹԷһԪӤʵΪˡ
ҡɽǻճСҡⲻ˵ҡɽģȫһˮ֡
ҡɽںܾ֮ǰͱƳǵףҡɽ˴롣ܶȥС磬ҡɽĿȨѾˡ
ȻƷòܶһһƷòολ峤˵ҡɽлΪ
ҡеף⻰ȴЦѣҡɽ⸱ӣȫ޷пڴ䡣
ͬɽҡɽֻǸ첲ֲȣ˲ĿɽŰǨҡɽ
Կν⽻Ӷڰľ˵ӶŲΣ˵һΣյźš
ô죿Ҳ̲סʵ
»򵥡
ҡһ΢Цĺ˵Ĵ㣬Ŀ̲סƵҾ;֮ǰǸڴûʲô˼˵硱
ҡɽȻֲҪɽŰᵽܶڵľҡ˵ʮ־档
ԱߵѾҡ˵Ļҵκˣҡ˵Ĭκ󣬲һԼӣո˵ģ
ƭʲôôҡüݸͳοڴ̫ʽһЩЦĶЪЪɡ
ʱһӴҴ߽˵ţ޵ŵۡŮϣˡ
ģɫŹֵʵŲĿҡ⡣
̫żʹٴӣ಻黨켫ڵ޵˲ԶŵЩŵˣ϶Ϊ̫š



213 
ҡ˵, Ҳ˲ŵۺŮæʣ˭
ҲӵĸȻ֪̫ŵĹϵ, ҲԥֱӴ˵պޡ
̫ڴδ޵, 峤һһȻܹעǲȴǧĳ̶ֳе㲻ÿҲҪ˵
Ȼ֪ӦûԴ, ˲, ҡϢЩʧ䡣ܿѹʧ, Խת
޼֮صʱ˵ǾһԷ, ǶԷ޴Լĸĸ, Ϊ, 
֪׹ϵãڵ״Ҳ֪˽١뵽, ҡĺ˲˼֡
׽ӿħΪλħ, ˡѹµûĻ, ŵۺŮ֮Ի, ô˻̽޼֮ص̬ȡ
׽˺ü꣬Ͻһ½½ֹü޼֮صˣŵЩȻסˡ
ħĶ޼֮صĶ׽ϴƣοʮ־ƺԤһʵ֡
Щ޵ĴСûͣϢҵļơҡ첻ֹ޻ˣ˵༸Ҳˡ
뵽ҡӵ̺ϸڣر֤Ĵһʧ
֮ȥҲص̫š
壡ҡˣۺϲ֮ɫӭǰײβ޼֮ط׽
ڳ˿ǰһʵڳ̫ˣռŷ֮СֻҴһƳҲҹֱ
ѾˣֶŮд죬Ȼ·Ѿɽ֮º˵ˣۿмֶݡ
޼֮سɳڼΪһ꣬ҡڵлֻͯû뵽ͽΪˡ
Сùõ׽ҲڲͬȻ𾳲еסԱߵᵽ׽ٻм£û˭û𾳾;׽٣Сùû࣬ɹȹ١
ЦЦĿһۣһ͸׷Ǽˡ
ң֣λȥ׼չˡ
ǵ޴Ŀ֪жûнԭڱСʮСùۿҪ׷ˣѹ
ҡװûпĿЦ˵壬γã
޼֮ؿش¹׽磬޼֮Ȼ룬ϾҲ׽һ֡
˵׼ûٲõתתĵɨܣ
ɺûҡἰڣ˵ɽٰɽŶˣ
ҡⱻôһ˵мֲ˼ҡɽȽرĿڴȷʵЩ鷳
Ĵһ˵ԴȵüʡҶˡ
ԭʹȥҡɽֶŮһѣĻӸȤɽԭһȻҡɽȲɽҡɽǰ˵֮ɽҡɽȻ˼Ȥ
һȺƺȥҡɽ
*
ա
μ̫ſڴȫ̺ǣʱѾ½ҡɽֻҡɽǰ챻׺ͺͺģ˵ûһɽŵƣһɽҲȴɽɡ
ҡɽѾٳһյأʯ壬̨ҲϺõʯֻǳŲԶĴݲҡɽԵú
̫Ūộɽȴӣһ֮ûУⲻڶ
ǣ⿪ڴδ̫Щһ̨ӣССɰҲ̫źá
ŵıԽԽ̲סԹΧҲڸ͡
ҡɽϣվˡ罫ɽ´Щ͵ϣƳΧͺͺĻ̿ҪǣҲ̲ס뿴Ц
ҡһûйĿҡҡĿʣɫЩŹ֣û뵽һڴ䣬ôˡ
˵ûϵһ㡣бĻ֮Աǡ
ûϵҡһ޹˵յ˵Ϣ½༸޶
岢δмҡɽܣ޼֮ص񹫿¶棬ƲʱѾ޴ֻ֪û뵽޷Ӧ˴󣬼еĶޡ
Ȼȣҡһӱͨˡ˵ڴֻͷ̽޼֮ص̬ȣԲ̫ǲ̨ӻϹ̫ڴݳ޴ǺСǶ⡣
ǲ⣬̫⣬ԽԽ֣ⳡϷҲԽʡô˵̫ζ׬⡣
ɽ´ıԹ֮Ҫɧʱһͨ黨
ƬҡɽصµʱС˼֣ú󣬽ͨ
켫ڵ
ɢ˵
ɵ
ŵ۵
Ů
ԽԽĴɵɽ¸ողѾʧˣڳ˶ûôඥ۵ĳϡ
ȺС̫ŵĿڴ䣿ʢ᣿
ɽϣ̧̧°ͣҡ˵ûǸŮӣû뵽Ҳˣǳİɣ
ҡ˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻŮĶһŮӺȺվţƺŮЩ롣ҡĿϹͣפ˼ϢǸŮĳɽ
ҡɽһɽҡмŮѲһȦ޹󣬾ջߡ
ʧˣҡüֳȻһҪʥŮλӴӣ˲롣
ԭʼʲôоڸûԷӣһ̾ȷҪԷһŪ˸ڴķӿۣһŮĴȫһΡ
޷ŵɽִһ߳
ҡ۾һµˣףСҲˡ
ĿСɨСвҡķ򿴹ƳЦЦ
ˣҲע⵽Ķ
Ǳӹඥķӡҡ΢СԲȴһɽٵҪС
䣬ͨżֲ߳嶫
ҡͫ΢ѵʴԴˣ
ûϢֵ֮ͨͨżּƺûӸոյġϲл
ͨϣҡɽһƬž




214 
֮Ѿûʽ¶, Ȼ߳Զŵ, ڳ˶һʱ
̫̫ûϢˡ
ֵСɻǴĿǰĴ, ֻʣһͷڴѲʲô, Ȼ궼ûֵﶼˣ
˵, Ӱ, ʹѾò¶棬Ҳû˸ҺǵĴ, ˸ҷǵǿԶΪʢ֮ʱ, Ҳ׽һʢ, ʱǿں޼֮ʤ, , Ҳ֤ǵǿǿ߱Ҳѹ壬ɵ֪ǵʱǿ
ڶشٺ, ϳһԿħ壬ȴԱΪɲ壬˼, ҲǿǽӪ
ֱ, ҲδԼһӣǵľ绮ҲЩ, ոͨΪ, ǰԶŵϰ߳ƺ, ǰһһʵ𾳡
׽Ҫϴˣ˼֮Ѿ뵽˴²ԶӰ졣
Ϣ̫Ŵޣ޵Ҳᣬҡɽģ˶һǰһעĿ
ǰĶɧĴƬѣעĿͷϵǡܶϲκ󱣳ǵ̬ͷϡ
ЦĿ⵭ɨˣòڵŮͣפĿȽϾãмַḡĿòݣʹϲҲֻͣͲ棬էҲᡣ
ĳһעĿβķйɱ˵ǣԵøΪׯӺݡ
г֣·ѹ֮ǰѾֻ̾꣬ºֳ˭ֻȻʧɫЩĶѾ˲ó׽ǰעתͳϡ
޼֮ص˻ѹƣʵʵ޶һ׽粻Ҳ÷죡
Թԣ̫ʲôҲ׽̸壬˭ҪƲ̫ţˣȻתͷҡ⣬ǲ֪ǻ
ҡšüɽŵĳҡҡͷûУ¿³Լ˭Ҳ֪
ϲûϵΪʲôԤ׵ѵĻˣǷΪʲô
Ϊ޵Ҳʾ
ҡԺиڻ죬Ļ׽ˣǲҲˣ
ɽŵĹ㳡ݵĳţѾ׷˶˾٣ǲζ̫ſڴʽ
Ϊ̫ŵţ˴οڴĶӶƵĿ⣬ӲͷƤЦ´»ӭλߴݡ
Ҳ֪ͷΪξͲˣͷĵʵǾϲȫɿأвػҡɽͰ
̫̫ۣڻϿ̫ˡ
ӵСĽԵʮ⣬·ֻǳһȦĵЦλſˣҾǳתתģ֣̲סմ֡
ĳֵ΢΢ף˵û߶кó͸͸
ڳһĬȻѪǼΪõġ
ĳڴΪʲôʱֻ΢΢һЦվԭ·רɹ̫
ޱƳͬûжԣеһͿĳδ
ףСôˡ
С!
ʱһƳţѭȥֻһλӲ֪ʱ֡΢΢һ·Ǻа㣬䣬͸һصʣһȥ١
ҡȻòʤһȴǿԶ۲ģ׽ȴ˼Ůͨɱ
һ㣬ΪصʼӳɣºҲƥС
壬̫ˡǿҡ૵ɫͨܿƵ˵⻰ʱ۾޷ƿ
ⲻǶģȫΪɫܿƵӦʹѾ棬ûжٵֿ֮
ſžϰˣҡ⽫תԼüߣٿҡ
סҡޱƿ翴Լѣ
ɽΪĳٴΰЩ˿һ۾ͲٿЩȴĶȫ޷
ոջɧ߰Ķ·𱻴Ƶһû˹Щ˵ߵǰ˵ǰòû˼ǵαһ𡣡
⻰˼Ǿʶ
Сƺôҿͦʵġ΢΢ü
ĿɨΧϷˣתƺڰ
Χγһмɿյش˭Ҳҿ㳡Щ졣
òߵڴ俪ʼ˱仯˶Ŀ⿴ӣ뿴̫ŵĿڴο˵ճΪ׼ȷ
ɽϵҡ⽫ͶĿջأȻڴѾĳ˷ͷ̫ͬҲԳɶ磬ٽ̫űݵʱˡ
ɽŵߵ㳡ĸ̨ϣ΢Цĳ·׵лλ̫ͬŵĿڴ䣬̫ſϹڣʮû䡱
Ϲ̫ŵʷ˵һּͨ򵥽µ̫Ÿ˱ڣתԲԶҡɽɵ˵ǰΪĳЩԭ̫ŵɽųЩ⣬λЦ
ӻһתԼ̫ſɽڸ뱾ڣµ̫ţ費Ʋ
˵շɵգһУɽƣ
ֻԹͺͺҡɽΪģɽ׷װεض𣬰УγĻɽ
ɽĻˣһָмҡɽߵҡɽ߶ȼҪ
ɽƶ˺ƿ֦ƿеҺҡɽֻղŻݲɽ϶ʱдУɫ黨һҡɽΧŵ㡣
̻ͺͺҡɽһָɽϸַĽεضɽ϶ʱ˹
ȻһУˮ
ֻԶƮһȡڸ壬Ȼһµٲ
Щȡһֻ룬ָĶҡɽķһӣȥ
һƷƷƷѾúõĻɽУõҡɽ˱仯ҡɽƣɽء
ڹ㳡ԭ뿴̫ŵЦһ޸ҡɽĿɿڴ¼óļƷôŶۺ첻ѡ
ԼƤ»Ȼһµҡɽ˶Լ۾
˵ݵûͦ񡣡뿴һ족ҡɽ̿
ҡ˸üһЦҸΣ
ҡɽĿȨԸղŵĶӷųĶֱʡ̫ŵţûҪͷͽͷƽˡ
ҵôȻмƷ۰Ͱ͵Ŀҡ⣬ʡ
ãһŲеġҡһĴЩȫǼƷԪģǼƷʮ̫ʵӵһƷѾǼˡ
Ǳߣӽɽųס족ã泯˺Цλ룡
깤ҡɽ֮켫ֶŵɽҲɫ죬ĬĬ뵵ҡɽ
ǶɵӣȻţΪԪӤΪɵŶǿô赭дĸҡɽҡɽ⸱ӣΨһĿܾǰһ֮
ǣ޼֮صڹ㳡ϣոҲû֣ѵһλڰЭ



215 
, ʼٸҡպӰʯ, Це˵ڱ޿һ, ǻΪĵ䷶
ոЩȫ¼̫űһѧУ, ҡɽĳǾѵƬ, ͻȻ, ̫벻ѡ
޿ͳˣ֧ãŽҡɽˣ΢ת㲻
ȥ, ҡлһ˿ɫ΢΢򴽵, ҪǲЩ̤ʵ
ǵ÷λ, Ǽʥ, Ҳ˵пվڼʥǱߣʱʥӡʮ꣬˵ˡ
غ޲Tǽ׼ˣ˵ĵ, ҪЩǵˣЩѡ
*
֮ҡɽŨ, ҡɽѾ, ˸̤ҡɽΧ, Ѿоɶ֮УЩСɵûŨӦΪңֱԭؽˡ
ŻãЩСѾʲˣ̫ŴùϵУ̫Ų˹ʺˣ޼֮زеĽĵλҪҲ޼֮صɽ˵һ̫š
ǰǰ̸֮ɫĽҲܳΪ׷ͽĶ
ͨ˵ı͸յ˻һ񱨳̫Ϊɽ֮£Ӻ˺һ衣ΪոյһѾĽ׼ĺΪصϣ̫Žá
̫Žõƹȿڵƹף̫ſ֮ϲشǧƿһ꣬ƷһΪ񡣡
ƹͷ׷Ϻ̫࣬һҪ˷Ѻüʱ˳˿ͷСɶĬֻʱЩɳ
ҡ⵽ʱ򣬸պŮͺ
׺ŮһλŮޣֱֵͦ˵Ů̫ſ֮ϲϾƷ֥ʮꡢĻٵΡ¶ʮΡľһꡢŻһ䣬¡ 
ŮסˣΪһһأͨľƷ֥ݵļƷҩĻ¶ÿǧԪģľǽľľ֮һŻǵؽ׶𣬿׼
һ£ʵʵ
һ˵һóһ㲻ʵǿʢһҲֻŮһ;ֻ̾һ䲻Ůƴ֡
ֻ־Ůӵķ£ƺе֮ⲻھƵ˼
£ܲƣ
ֻһŮѭȥһ˿ȣ繲ȥĵò
Χ˽Ъȥ˶̲סƲۡ
СȤҡɽʧ֪ʱֳˣ󻹸Ͷ
ҡգգۣЦе˵ֻ뿪۽ˡ
̲סЦˣǻľŋ£һ
ǼƷѣ»ˣȥһµġ
Цһ˵ڳ̲ס̣ʲôСѡ!
Ķ۾עҡ⣬ڵ˵ǲﵹһʮʺ㡣
˵Ļҡݣ֪ϵҲڵ̫ħᡣ
ҡöȼ˵硣ֱڲڵõ֤˿Ŀ˼ֲͬ
±Ϊ׼ģӼȻȤʦãóӿɡ
һȻ
ҡתͷ˵ˣһĨ޵ЦλɾǴ˵еӣ˵⻰ʱβ̣ӡĸַ·⡣
һ˵һߴԷ˿еζǴ⣬ܿӸµĿ⡣
ƽĶۣҡⳤͨһ㣬ֻ߻ǴǰǸӣԴƵĿӡ󲻼ѣĿ⿴Ůλڳ֮˳Ů֮⾹˿õһһЦΪһɫʻˣɫ㡣
Ŀ΢ɫǳЦ׵һˣǰԵյü鴫
ǿò밵ʾǻƿ
ˣҡϺǫ֮ɫĵͷ˵ҺǹڵʹŮҲǣ
˵䣬λʦѾǼȡѼЩŮƮƮķֻɫȹΪĶӭŹ߷·ƺʱʱǷ˲Ϊ¡
ҡ⿴ѣŤͷЦŶ˵и̫õϰߣϲײҲУȻʹŮҾͽνʹŮŮɡ



216 
Χѻȸ, ŶŮ档ʲô, ֮ע⣬˭ʧ⼸, ŮȻֵ빫ߵü
»ɰɲϲּŶΡ
Ӳصģ¶һ޶еڶ治ɫЦҡ˵ʹŮδš
ҡü΢̧, ζеĿһ, ŤͷͶ, ʣͶʶ
ȻÿϷЩϲ, ǶʻΪ棬Ҳ֪Ϊʲô޼֮ص˻ϵ, ѵǰһֱ
ȿڣǰʶѾãʮ־ǰ
ôǿǱҡ̲ס䴽Ц۲ת䣬Χһ
˶һۣûв
֪ѶԺǷ⣿һԵƺûвҡ, üۺŵǳЦ
ҡŤͷȻ״, ף͸̫ŵĺ, ӦŲŶѽ
, Ůݺ, ⣿ЦеĿӡ
վԱߵӲվ, ̹˹֣Ů̫ˣ˺̫ʵ֮ǧƴδⲻ飬ʹЦˡ
⻰ôôе˱˻֮ӣ·ǶԷǿºȻǽҲŮȷûյǧ޹ģЩҲȷԼ׼ġ
֮ŮֻһоӦ
ŮΪʥ˵ԵʣһȻ⣬ŵ۶Ҫ֣۰ŵۻһЩӵĻ׷¶á
áɫ糣Ůû˵ǰڣʼնŵȻ̬͸żĿ޳棬ÿԼ
¸ǹ׶ۣŮҲƷ˵ǣȻвݣҲֻ¡
ĪΪҵ˴䣬ţɡҡ΢̧°ͣݸһЦһøӡ
Ӱ˿ոǻı⣬λд˵ģҲʵΪѡ
ʥŮй֮Ե겻֪ںδҡЦĺ̴ƸոնĵǴ
΢תʦŮչأ֪ѰǷҪ£
£һʰˣҡĵҡҡͷʣλأ
ƻӣü΢ԴĿ⿴ѴԼˣ졣
ҡգգۣĵͷ˵Ŷˣ̹λ죿
Ļɫ΢䣬۾΢дɫ֪˭͵˵ʲôֵĻȷʵԵ
ҡüûأûأ
תתָϵĽֵָ̹죿
Χ˶͵͵̸ҡ⻰һԱߵ˲۾͵֪̻λش
빫м֮Եͫ΢ת΢һĨǳЦˮܽذŶˡò䲻ȻȣҡȣѰҲһһĺò׿ȺйɺȺ֮С
ҡݸ̹Σ
츳׿һĳ΢΢ü˼Ƭ̲Ŵ
ǡҡϳЦе˵кøУ
˻һΧ˲ʧ֪ǱĻס̵֪Ĵ𰸡ʱ켫ڵڱ񵥣ΧĵģԵó֮
ǳ켫ڵӲͷƤ˵ʮ꣬ԪƷһ
켫ڵĺνǼΪףȲϼһŵĺ񣬿Ķ̫Ų
ϾǮ˵˾ͷˣ϶ԷһֱԼǰ˻Σ˭˭˳ۡ
켫ڵ˵͵Ҳûʲô£֪첻Ըƫƫϱ֮ʱΧģǰŮĺȣ켫ӾЩҲסˡ
вҡʱʣ켫ѿ
ҡⲢδΧţһĿѯ״
̱Ŀ⿴е㲻ڣ΢΢üŴβ˵ѵ⣬ˡ޷ش𡣡
ƺЩŭ
ڴͥ˽ܵ⣬ٺõƢҲ̲ס
ɲУҡȻһЦƣһЦΧ˾ʲôܱԭ£㲻˵Ҿûܶ¾Ͳðˡ
˺ѾˣǹҶԷ鷳
ˣδ̫̫ŮѾôŮδܹ˴裡
ҡЦɫ֮ˣҺ̹˵ʱֵ죬ѲҲϲ
˵ǺԴһȼĿѿڶλǰûʲôҪ˵ģ
ΧһƬĬȻüһȻɼΣ
ҼС˵ֵõ廰ƳһۣЦЦһϲСѾͷô˵񡣡
ǳŮֻǱһۣȴ˲ѪɫҰ׵ĵڵء



217 
񷢻, ڳ֮ٴξĬŮȺΪߵĴͬŷ˵ĺ, ˵, Ȼ洫һ
ףħԨһǽˣ
ħԨԾ, ħˣ˲ɿ
ûħԨ, ӦòὫҵȸϳȥɣΪ׵µЦеĿڣһ˫һԵø, ڳŮ޶Ķ
ξҡ⿴ˣ΢, óû, Ȼ˾ô²ʲô¡
ʵӿͻȻֵˣ䵭Ŀڵ̫ŵĴ, ߽ǿ͡
ȫҶǱħʵȻξΪħȴ˻ħʣκħ嶼޷øУȻҲڲɫ
ξƺûӵĲ, Цߵǰ, ֵ޼֮, ǰһ, ֪ǰȤħԨһΣħɨԴ
Χ֮˲զ, ֻ̽޼֮ص̬ȣ޸ֱλȥħԨżλħħԨϢ٣ħ弴дѽ
ĵĿһۣü΢ʱ䣬һȥħԨһˡ
ξЦ׵ȴӭǰ
˵ֿҡ⣬һ˫һٶ飬겻ӣӷɸ
ҡ΢ЦٵȥħΪǣϲüһȻѾˣɵĶ鱾Դòࡣ
ˡξһʱ͸Ϊ˸Щɲ˵
ߣξ˴У켫֮黨˿ʼ񡣱켫ڣ黨̫ͷų⣬ȻŮĺ񣬵Ҳóһ׼Χ֮˴⡣
̫ű壬켫黨˵ǼֵľУ黨Ȼ˴ѵ̫ű壬ˣ
²⣬ҡȴˣǽͨ黨Ϊ¶֮µֻ׼Ҳδ̫˵㡣
Ȼֵֻһ׼
뵽ɿԱߵ̣ݸ̹ô
ξ˳ִѾƽʻ̩ȻĴҪʲô𰸣
̹Ļѽ
ҡЦһ޺徵ŮҲͱ˵̬Ѫӿ˵һ仰
ŮԴ򽨹ûܹȴ裬ο⣬Ҫ֣ܴ裬ȴһ仰˵ȥ¶Ҫܷ
Ů˲ɿΪߵʦ壬ǴҲʮŭڵɴųǷŮʲô᣿
Ʒˣλʲôģ˵ûҲֻһƷ
λˣҶŮᡣҡЦŮûʲôֻǶ
Դ֮ȻøҲʼٸߵĹͣλԴСعأͱŮ֣λȻֵ̹ƺͱλϵǳ
˫ʮ̵ŵǸŲæ˵
ҡͷһɵ˵̹ԺǲҪˡ
Ǹˣڱ£ޱĿҡ⣬˵Ѻγԣ
ΪҲѽ
ҡЦеĿеĺȻҡ֪㱳վ˭Ҳȵľ
µɫڱˣɫĿҡ⣬ǹճһĨ⣬ѹܵδе˵Ļ֪
˵ʲôʲôӲڣҡⴽ΢ɫӴŵЦ⣬֪֪ͬΪҪ£
֪˵ָλʥˡ
á̵˵ͷҲ֪áָʲôɫĴվԭأ˵
*
ڴѸº͹ͽ⣬һ㻹ŴʾʵǱ˳Ҳصŵӡһ
ҡССûȤ׼ȥҳ룬û߾ͱ˽ס
ȻӲ̫ŵӣֻ㲻ţӴͽ̡һŮͻȻ嵽ǰ˵
ȷҪ̣ҡüɨλԳˣŤͷָһλŮĴߣɡ
һڣ۸˼ңͬ׵Ķɽ٣Լʹ֮Ĳࡣ
󣬵Χ֮˶һ׷Ŀ⿴
ޱʱҡΪϢѾҰͷٳʱΪ͵Ŀ͸ΪΪߵȻܿ壬š
ͬУӳ桢Щ˶龳תƣ׼ڣҡֱӿ鵽˶ɽٳΪڵĴУе˼ҲûóȻͬ˵
ʱֱŮĴֽ̣ڳĴ߲ðһʣʲôΪţ
˵ʲôʦŮɫ࣬ȻΪҡƴǲô˵ġ
λߣɷָһҡûйɫ㣬ǰߵŮλǰ
λ̧ѾӰһ˿ɫ̸ָϣǲԴС룡
Ȼֻһ󾳽磬мȴرҪǰԽ׶սȴǼܵ¡ȶ֮ԪͲͬն𾳵ԪӣһСϪ
Ѿ˻ķ֮޷Խǵ׽磬Ӯ𾳵֮٣Ҷض£Ʃˡȡ
ҡȻôһ£Ǵ߻˶ЩףողŵŮŮĴڣѲԼԽ״ߣ
룡ҡû˾ɵĿ⣬ݸ
Ŵ䳡нǵߵƻΪ˲ӰȣԶ䳡
һ뿪Ļԭֵġ
롣ȵʱ֮أλߺϾվǶҡȶ֡
һ˵ȶֱȽռȻһҪǻȶ֣ӵԼ
ҡҲѾΪϷٵվŵĴߡԼΪķ֮¶ǲսپʱϵԽԽ
ʮλĻ䳯Ůλ߷ȥ-  -



218 
Ǵ߼ҡһ־Ʒ, ľЩΪδӵǰ֮˲ӵкü
޴Ҷ֣Ǵ߲δ, ȫ߶Ҫĺһֻдڼϲܷ
ʶʹô߳õֶΡַ̧ΧĿռ, 뽫޽, ֪ʮ޻׾ٱͻƿռʯ嵽ǰ
·ܸѿռķһ첨, 뵽ҡٵ, λŮһͻ, æٳԼķ
һƥһ˦ƽ޻ͣڰ, гһ뽫޻һ򾡣ϵķٵ𡰺䡱մں, Ů߸оԭйϵʱɶҲеʹ
æջغ, ܡı, ѾҪΪССдвأòʧ
϶, ҡֽӡ, ʩչڲɽѧķͨ, кȻֳһֻɫơǾԴݿ֮ƳŮͷȥ֮Ƥһ
æֱ̧֮ӭơ顱һ½ģĽֱ磬ûС
ҡʤ׷ٶȱƽĻ䣬˵Ůǰʱ˲ͣͣߵĶҲһϢͣ͡˲Ϣ䣬һ޻Ĳ滮˵ۣ볳һѪ顣
һʱղס֣λ߻ˡҡջޣͨûľҲ˲һ޹ĿŶĴߣȻߣָ֮¾ʹ˴סɡ
Ҳû뵽߹˶֣λŮĴߣ̫ʹ
Թ֮˸¶ɫû뵽ճŮĴߡָ㡱ҡ⣬ҡʰ˴ߡ
ȻİҡӮ̫ɣԦʹҪԪѾǷڲΪѾΪ
ܸԽܡ
λŮĴְ̧˰ĨȥѪ飬Ŀ⣬ǳ¶ȵЦ̫ǫ飬Ҫл顣
һһӴͽ̡
䣬һźСسҡǰ⽣ֵϢڳ˶ûӦ
˽ֺΧ轵ָɭɫ·ܽ˵һ붳ס
ţԱΧֻ֮Ӳ˼άٻѾ޷Լǡ
Сգ۾ͷɵҡǰʴ󲿷ֶҡһ˲ֱ޷۽һ˪
ۿҪգҡڶȨһ֮նСĹ
Сһߣ֪δ
ҡޱĿۺȻֵĴߣһسŽ˸ֳĳȥ
һ̣ǱڿеƷɽ˪˳žһˤڵϣȻδϣȻһȱڡ
ƷɽƷɽͲһȼ
Ůλɫ䣬æջС˽ǰʱ⽻ӦãϳʦδݣһóϼƷɽ
ƷɽΧ֮ȵѿڶ˶鲻ԽҡĽ
ǹϵɱܻӭҲǽոյǱСǰƷɽҡѰòļƷɽ
ϸոյޣһӳΧ֮˴۽֮࣬ⰵԾ̾޼֮صĵ̡ҡһӾó֮ǰŮ׿˵͸£һ
һ˱ʵǿһӵеҪ࣬лмƷɽƶ⡣
ϧƶ⶯ãж˼뵽ҡɴ˸飬˲ѹ
޼֮ؿɲǺ۸ģοҡɽһλţҪĸʲôС¾ͲǱɵѪˡ
߻Ҫд裿ҡջ˪Ŀ⻮Ůˣͣ˼ϢתصŮĴϡ
ǴסоǿЦӲ޼֮أ֮ȴ֮ܣ
ҡʵλãǸԼ̨£ǰʾ࿴Ϸ֮ˣҡƾƥ
Ʋģ˵ҪǮҪġɵӡ
ҡ⿴İϷȴδ𴩣㲻Щˣ۶ӵǻˣ۶ӣû
еСѽҡ΢תЦһᣬ߸Ŭȡյ𾳡
⻰ͲûųŮλʵãòڣӮŮ棬ȣ룺ô˲ãǲŮˡʵ
ڳŮ֮˷׷ױɫΪ׵λ߻˵һԵ̴ϣǣұҪģ֮²Ϊ
ţˣȸˡҡͷһۣ·û˵Ŀ⣬ʩʩȻ뿪˵ߡ
*
ҡɽĿȨҡֻҪԸ⣬ɽһһӲ۾
֮ԴҴ뿪ΪֳξͬħֿȻѾˡ
ܳξʲôԭͶħô꣬Ųξοױ䣬ξ˶飬⡣
һ·ۣʮϢҡ͵ĺϻֱָӹȥԶԶƺ̸ͣ˽Ų
ԡá¼ңʱȥ̫ʡ
ڿʲô
һİϤ



219 
ҡ, Щŵת, ֻһ˸վڿǳۺϻ, Щݡ
㣿һ˫ӵɳ, βһԼ, ˭дźɺһ˿䱸
˴΢, ԰׵Ⱦ˵Ц⣬˵, ˭
뿪ˣҡҧҧ´üͷȴԾչ
ڵ΢΢ͫʺıΪ죬ʶٱ, ҡⲻ˰벽
Ķлһ˿ٵЦȭڴһ, ͵û, ꣬ǧ, ſܳ֡˵Ű±Ϊɫ
ҡԼеȭͷûߵոա
棿ײɣ
վһЦҡҡͷ, ˹ȥ
ߴͷһ۱㿴޳ĺ󾱡ڴܼ򣬽տνʢװ, ޸, 촽, ƣò˼С
ֲ֮ǰһ˶
ѩ׵ľӣͫ΢֣һָֻ̧ͷĿԣ·ǧҪ˵ֺȻʲôҲ˵
˵ԽԽҲ֪˭סԷĴȥʼѵˮǳֹ˺أǳΪݺݵӶᣬԷ˭Ҳʾ
ҡ΢΢ż⣬˫ֻסĲʡһ̱оһֻεĹסԼһֻĺԣ޷㿪ԡ
۽΢һ˲˲Ķ۾ͼẹֳ̈ȵ⣬ҡⱻĿ̵̲ס۽޾Ҷۡ
Ӿ裬йٱУƵĳȣҶշתĲ࣬Ƶĵ㡣
֪˶ãֱҡ촽ۣ飬ˣһʡ
īü̧΢΢ֱ˾룬ǴЦɤͳƣʲô
Ǻʱģ
֮ǰ
ҡ⿴԰׵ӣ̲סüˣųģ
ס裬ԪˣҲ˵ڲصġ
ûа취ҡšüдżֳأ޲TôöԸͲǺϵʥˣҲŪδָ޲TֻҪ뿪͹ˡ
λûʲôգҲعڵġҡҡͷɫƽƺʲô㡣
λʥҡ΢ʣλˣǱΣ
һʱ£˵Դ֮£¶һĨɫ˼Ƭֶ̣Ľޱߵһ˿𵽶󣬲ŻŬȡЩ񾳰ɡ

ˣҡһۣƺոպġ
üЦ˵ɱķŮĴѹŴ㲻㣿
ҡѹĴǣЦЦƳһۣ㲻˰ɡ
ʲô
ĺ֪ѽŬŬ죬۾ֱ˼ҶкøС
üһкøеҲ壬ѵÿҶҪӦ
ҡߺߵһۣĴȴѹҲ֪Լз˵һת⣬˭֪ĳŮΪʲô
ȷ⡱˵ģɵĻͣǲ˵ȥ
ҡ֪ڶ̲סƲƲ죬ֵס뽫ƿ
ȿȣڴȼԭͲ԰׵ɫҰףŵҡ⻨ʧɫæס
û°ɣ
ҡҡͷɤ¡
ҡü̽ϵʲôˣ¡
ҹֻһ棬סڻУΪܣҵôİΣֻҪ̫ˣ׽֮ˡ
ҡ͵һ˵ʲô
ʹңҲҪ̫ţ֪𣿡д仰ڵˡ
У㡣
ͷҡף˶ʱɢȥҡһץֻץһѿϻ¶ȣɸոֻһΡ
Զĺϻ趯תȥξ˲֪ʱѾ뿪Ӱڡ
*
ʱԶ޵ľŻ
棬ǰʼɡ
ǰһ̻ҡɽֵˣ˿ϥǽĵϣҲ֪ʲôֱͨӿء
Զʯһͷɢˣؿ۵ϵˣƫͷվһԵӣüϹ֣ľˣ
ʥһһ˿⣬λǺϵҺĺҲûôס
һʥˣתƣʹպգҲǰ
סĹЦóһĴָѪɫʯͷȥɡ
컯Ƭ±Ϻٽ㡣ʥӹħѪʯ
Ų٣û뵽ֻĵϺƬ޲TǺ£źݵ°ͣһ˫Ŀ̽Ц
ʥЦЦĿһۣȻΧֹ͵ſڵħ࣬˭
ɫ΢䣬ܺõסħȫ޲TŪĶҲ˵ùȥ
ˣСӿʼɡʥЦһûмƽϹ˵תԵϵ˵
һѪɫĹŹִô۴ޱϥϢЩ೤΢·սĵоʱϨһǡ
ʥеħѪʯУֻѪɫĴ͵һҫۺ⣬ȻһɺȻϢʯͷɢ͸Ѫ֣ѪɫħѪʯɫԭĺɫաžһΪĩ
ʥ˾ѪϹͲ۲ʯϵĹ˹Ц
ħѪʯ޲TıԴѪ˺ϵʥǲһѪһ̥ǵı仯ԲϵвСİοʥ˾Ѫ
ʥһ˿ͣ룡
˲ΪͶ䣬Ŷȶ˵ҪʩˣϺ㻹Ȼرܰɡ
ʥüһԲķȥ
ʥӰʧǹɫ΢ߴﹾ಻֪߶ЩʲôһһֵĲסŻɲŻʱ
Щʯվϵ졣ţ֪ͳһɫĹͷķʯ϶ݡ
ҡڴ˴ضϳͷ뵱ΪǹǸͷͬϢ
һ߰һ֪߶ʲôŰ֮ɫͷƮһƵĹâǰһæץס
ǹסܿʧ˷·ʲô֮˷췢ͣ˲١ŴָڴϿյʥ˾Ѫ
αһľѪտķˮҲ۴֮˵üġѪ԰׵ӺȻֳһĨĳ죬˷·մˮ㣬¡
֪˶ã͵ۣһ˫ɫӷ·ŻصĿϢ



220 
˳ǵĴ߳һԴֵ, ĽǣһĺС, ˼ȲŮֲ, ·żǵĶԻ
޵Ϊ
һˣ˵һӡ
ʶ·Ӧ£
Ȼ£ûʺĵطʲô귭˸ۣδ˵ȻֹԶ, ѩɰİ¶ɫ
߿, 㲻г, ҷɳȥק·ǵżŵķ, ΧĻֵĿˡ
·ǳ˳, ֱӱŵķ򼲳ۡȻûĻɳȥڽгǳĬϵĹأ뱻³˳ǡ
˺ܿͳ˸˳, ·ǰָķ, ϵҪȥĵط
ǾŻǰĵط¶ɫŻڻĹűڣ˵ﷸĵطݱΪ׽Ѻܵ
ŻʵǼ˭Ҳ֪Ż˭Ƶ, Ǽķ, 鿴ܷˡֻҪ, ܽ˹ؽŻڡĹʱѳ, ֮սˣʧֱѾܼ֡
Ҫȥ취һʱϵŻزסֱӴȥӵܽȥ
ǽʥӣھŻȺʥ·ǶˣЩ˵
·ǼҲЩȣ°ֵ꣬ʿʥ
ʮʥϹų·ںųơԶŴۺߡʥǰʼջο˯꣬Ϊڳǰ͸Сˡ
ʥ۰꣬һ˿Ĺ⣬к£
û·Żߣ߱˵죬ȥ
Сȥģʥһֱ̣ӽЦе˵
걻죬ڰһ˵ֻĳɣٲȥɾˣ
ʥɫ΢䣬˵ʲô˽ƣΣձػӦǰСѾͷ·޷жĻǼ١
ȥ֪ˡڰҪ
ʥŻ̽ȥһز赲̽ɫһֱӾŻڡ
ǷŻҪʯڣʥֱʮ鼫Ʒʯʧڡ
ԭص·ЩεӣҲһ˽ȥ
ŻΪ䰵֮أѺķ𾳡ڷΪҳȣڴǴ೤ļΣЩ޷Ϊߵķ˱ѺԽԶļ
Ѻ˵ֻΣ˺ܿ͸ϵĿĵءֻе˫ĿգͷһѽߣѺĹ˵ͷϥأѪ
ףӣ꾪ȵĿԡѪĹˣʥܵߡ
㣿ǹ˷̧ͷ¶顣
űüûͺá˵ת׼ȷ˵ǿͷĽϡ
ڴֲڵĽϣΪԵĺɫԲ㣬·ѾɺԵѪ档
ʥšüߵǰǻ˼ʮ֣ŶԷἺˣԼŪˡ
Ŀģ뵽ոǹ쳣ɫм
ڴʱ۵ۣһ˿İ죬¾һеıŰͲ̣˿ü˲ڵһļƽ
档Ȼֵİ·ǣлһ˿죬Ŵӵʥ״к
Σʥ۵ϥڵϵĹˣʡ
ͷԤ޼
޲T˯бһ뷨޲Tʱʱʶ˯ֻʣ±ʶħѪʯ޲TıѪڣ˵ܽ˰顣
ʮðգвرŪɳ׾»ָȻױɹˡֻǣлЩ˲̤ʵĵط
֮ǰ޲Tʶѣʧȥʶڼ޲Tǰǰ֮䷢˺¡ѣ޲Tʥ˾ѪѾڽϣ޲TҲ֪١
ܸܵʧڵħҲһʧˡ
ѪĹ˻һϵѪ˲ʧ˼ʥ˵㻵˹ǰҾͲƽϣңǾͿ뿪˵ذɡ
ʥȻǣǽװ컯Ƭɽ佻
Ҫҵ¯Ƭǵң߰겻קס䣬Ž鹾ת֪ڴʲô⡣
δѾӽ;ƿݣͷδ˵ʲô㱻ʥЯߡ



221 
, ˣߺ󣬰ʯ, Сȹ, ڰջΰΡ
ǹ˿˼, ĿתǺ˽㻽ѵģ
꽫ǩһӣҰҰſڵˣֻûˡ
˵һԵ·֣εĵݹȥһ飬ϲ̵Ŀʼͷԡ
˼Ķδ¶飬ƺ԰ʮ˽, Եò, ʵ
㡱򱻶ú޵, ż, Ǿ޿ܵ, ֻ֮УͶġ
͵زһ, κɵλ
ͷ, ӻͳһɫӸ, ˵ôȥ, Ҳóˡ
λ˵ĲǸóȥˡ΢΢Щ, Ĭú
ı, , ʯȻĹ˵ļ򣬵Ѿˣ
һԵ·Ļͫ΢ţʱ˰ġʵ䣬һɡ
ͬ൱ֻ֮ҪѪ֮㹻ɽΪʱȻؼΨһɴԡΪ
Զʱ֪Ϊα壬ϹʱûϢ˽ΪѾ֣û뵽ȻһֱھŻڡ
ˣֵܵ챻ûˡȻһѵ
·üͷһ
ޱҺθɣ˵Ƭ̣׷һ䣬˭
޼֮صˣ׷ɱꡰЦǿϷֻ
֪ˡĵͷҲ֪ûзϡ
ʯ˫С˰˵ɣˡ
˵·ǵֳߣ·ǣǸϽ뿪治˴ĵط
·εĵЦһĶЩǸĳ׵ǰȸˡ
û˵Ŷȥ
һһСӰ쳣гɫСӰͷԸߴӰ˵ȥްɡ
㲻˵Ҫȥô
޺棬߰߰ɣʺĵطҲˡ
˵𽥼󳹵ɢڷС
¯䣬֮쳾١
κ󣬺ȻȥϵƵֽһ㣬һϳһڽڡ
λȳȥˡڵϣ˸Ҳ֪ں˭˵
ŻںȻһɹƵʸĲƺڻӦ
*
ޣҡɽ

ʧҡںϻִƬ̣׼뿪Ȼһ˽סתվڲԶ
ǰôһڴˣҡ΢΢üҲ֪˶ã˶١
ƺ˼͵ż˵ؾ̣˹ӵӰðˡ
֪ǰк£ҡĻӦÿɷ񣬲ƺ֮࣬ɶλЩøС
ҷ岻ҲܺԵɡ
ضҷΪЩɣ
żɽĻҡЩգգۣҵȷʮֺ棬Ըꡣ
׽𣬺ܿᱬĴսɫȻĳ޿ֻŵĲ²⣬Ȼ岢δһԱˡħ壬֮ѣͬҲԭ֮һ
ҡĻ˵ͷЩ귢֣ѵļλħ޼֮صĶܶѾеĲսΪʥԵʣõϢӺˡһ޲Tλϵʥ˹ͬƶ
ȻΪҪƶ٣ڵľ濴ⳡս޷⡣
޲TǺϵʥˣħĴߣȻɻˡħŶˣҲǶıܵóѵԭ
࣬ı죬Ĺʶ֮æԣæŷչ׳ħΪħһֱڧһֱûбģս
ȻƽʱвĦݹ׽磬ƽѾһϹ֮áʵͣһ֮ƣʢ˥ǴɣͬһĻ.ҩ.Ͱս
ʶսȴ֪ʥ˵Ĳ֣彫һûӮҵĩ;׽Ҳٲ
ѡʱҲʻعԭɡҡⲻ˸ϡ
ӴӺδõϢšüɫ΢
ҡǹһ޵Ц岻һûɣ
̾һǵȷյʳֵϢֻϢȷ֪ǴӺε֪ģ
Ϊ϶֣ȻЩ嶼ǲעԷǡǡ෴ǶԶԷ˽׽˸
ҲǰʣԲŲ²Ӧúܿҡû˵֮£ѪУɵ˲źͳ˵ȹʡ
ɫЩأ̾˿Ҳҽǰһԭ򣬸ӣȪȪۿӴ
ҡ΢û뵽ͻȻʲȪȪ۵£Ȫ۵ȷ֪⣿
·ǵ˵棬ݽߵĲȪȪ͸΢֪ҲûҪϡ
¶֮ɫƬ̺һβ˸磬ſڵʵҷķľ⣬ҪȪˮࡣ
ľ⣿ҡԾ˵ľǷӣ涼Ҫ档
ľԶŴսʱˣѾȬ֪Ϊνǧֿʼ񻯣ľһƲҵδʱһЩȪȪˮȪˮԷľмЧ
ҡĿ΢ûʩԮ֣ȻʱѾԹҲ˵ùȥ룬˵Ž壬ռ֮ĲȪ
ϧ彫ص̫ˣȪ˭Ҳûҵ
Ȼ֪ȪӦҲ֪ȪѾݽߵϢɡ
СǿʥС緢˷츲صı仯Ҳ֪ǲʥԵʣԭѾݽߵĲȪھȻ˶Ϣھ˵
е˵ΪˣҪӽȪۣҡⲻΪ⣬ҧҧӿҪ׼ҲԸó
һ׼һڿݽߵȪۣʮʥҲݳްܼңΪԶŵĽˣȻǻѽޱ¡
Ȼ޼֮ػ˼֡
ľȻǷӰҡ̾ǲ㽻ЦöҲȱ˵ݽߵȪѾ˺תʱӿȪˮ
ȪȪˮпɱһ׼Ҫ
ľܹ⣬£ҲûгȪ۵Ĵ㡣ҡ⿴ųĴ
ɫмѿһľش󣬲֪ӿתء
԰꣬һδ˵꣬ҡЦĿȻ֪ڷвȪļֵûҪȪϢʵʵˣȪ۲Ȫˮ
˼ǣ˼֣·廹¹طľǵȲҲܵȡ



222 
º̺ǵ̺һ, ʱӭǰҡ⿴ƻ˸⣬ȴ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ָ
ҡͷݽߵȪˮиռ, Ȫˮӿ, »輸¡
ϲɫִżֹҡ֪˵ʲôݸ诶ԷΪʱжٲȪԤָ塣
ڻǷƻ, ǳ˶Է, ҷôǼʥǱߵģô˵Ҫӡ
лӡһ, ˼֮ǰеʵ⡣ʵʹõȪۣҲûȫÿݽߵȪӿȪˮȻ޷õȪۣȴܵõʵʵڵĲȪ
Ȼ۲Ȫ, ҡվ޼֮أҲǿȪ, вȪˮϢ, õݳŵ, Ѿ֮ϲ
̸׺ҡ꼸Էֿ
Ǳ̫ŵŴȽеݱ, ̫Ϊ, ȶ似ͼ, ֲ⡢ȴһȤ
³ȶĶںϡĶڵĵͽ׵ӣߵĲڣҡ˼۱ûʲô˼ջ׼ȥѰ뿪Ͷȴ
׼ȷ˵
ǰѰк£ҡ⿴ǰɫЩ㱣Ǽģڿݹǳص֮ʱʱΪ϶üǳ͸ꡣ
̶̰䣬Ϸ˷츲صı仯ʱķ鱻´ĥΪͳ죬ǹ´ĳˡ
ôĿ⿴̾˿ˣ
ҡĿ΢Щɵĵͷ
Ϊʲôֳϱŵĸоޣں˼Щʲô
Ҷûüģӹϵˣµ򣬽ĿҲԼ
ҡĬȻ͵طеͬĵط븸ĸԵֵܶʱиĸûĸࡣ
ҲûӦ˵£ҿ˽ı㻹٣Щεҡҡͷ˵껰һתôҶӣһ˽һ
գգۣĥ⻰ĺ壬˵Ȼֻ˸⣺Ԩ𡣡
ǰҸҡЩȵʣֻ֪ĸĸ޼֮ĳطȣû뵽Ȼĵ
ǲǣҲ
밢ݽΪ£𲢲ͬ⡣
ҡһ飬ȻǺĸף̲ס˵ƾձ¡ɵҲͬԼŮһƭߡ
ȵȣ˼ǣϲꣿ֪ʱѾ̬ˣ
ǰ˼ǣ
ʱΪ鷳۾Ц⣬һ˫̵ĺֱЦùǣ߷¶ȴǽȻͬʣ鿴ԯޣȴ޼
Ϊǡ
ҡ򴽣û˵
ǰ밢ˣҲָֻš𱳸˫ֹ֣̬һƺڶ˵ƺڶԱ˵
һһԴſķòʤϻѷһҡ֪º;ĳƩȣһ⾰
С֮ǲӸ棬˵꣬¶ָ֮ɫֵԺ󣿡
Ժҡ΢˼Ƭ̣۾˵ǰǰһʱԺ֣Ϊǰ֪Щõ±ѡ
˶һ˳⣿Ϊֻܷ˵Է
Ҳ˵嵽׶ϲΪһδٵĿԷһ棬ĵĿ»ʹѡ
ʱȣѾ࣬վ֮ĻЦ֮ɫ
ᣬ뷨Ϊ͸֮˲֣Լá
СӴС۹⼫ߣʲôҪõģ֮ǰ㵣˭Ҳۣһ˹¿꣬ڵǲصˣ̧Ƴĳ򣬡ˣȸˡ
˵Ҳûҡ˵ʲôʩʩȻ뿪ҡɽ
壬ǻô뿪ҡεĿĳǸո𿴵ķ
䣬ԶȻͻأĳˡ
ΪңСùòŮȻżס¶ãֻһͨ졣
һۣĲȣѹһֱ޷
ҡգգۣոǷ˵ģǱԼ̬ȡ
Ƕ̫⡣



223 
ҡף, ͬ, ˼Բͬ, ֻúÿǣڽ˺ɱҡ
, Ҳſ㲻ǿǡվԱߵĶû
㣿ü΢̧´
ñһ, ǴŵЦǰǨ֮á
ʮ, ̫󡣡޵Ŀ⿴, ҡҡͷ
飬һһ, Բ䡣
Ǹ¼ҵİǰΣ̫ϣеײҷ˶οʼƼ󱲡
ʵڰӣСӰһѾ, һĶš
Ļɫ΢, ŰǨ˼, Ǹ˼
д⡣Ǩ΢, ϴЦ, ⻰żֳ⡣
һֱû˵ҡ̲סڣ˵Щʱǲһ⡣
ǨæЦ˭Ҳ㡣ˣȴЩΪ⡣
֮£Ҫ
֪ʱڿɺãҡЦЦƳһۣż⡣
һ˽Աɫ˵죬Ǩ𾪵˵
˵ʻˣ۰Ǩҡ˵˵Ǿʻţһ֪顣
ҡЦ˵ǰʱգʣ˵תͷǨʱӦѾɣ
ǨʱѾָƽɫЦԭѾ£˵ֹǸǰδ¶֮ǰ͸¶µϢ
ü⣬֮ǰ̸֮£Ҫˡ
ǨЦһŹֳҡ˵Ϊ֮
һ仰˾׷ѣʵҪ˵ʲôҪֶˡ
ιҡգգۣȡһˣ֪֪кã
Ǩƣ۾ֱˣ˰β૵ӣʥģ
ҡĵ˵˵ѽʷҪҵģ˵ȥóƱɡ
ʥǼԱΣܵڵĹһһΣֱꡣ
Ӧû壬һóǨĳƺˣ
ǨҡĻƤһ飬Щεĵ֪ʥԭǱµλ׵»ãݱΪݵʥߣλͬھλ¡
֪⣬ʥֻλõ
λ˭ҡ˵Դ֮˳޷¼Ѿ𽥱ʷഫſ¶ǱıĿȫǵҥԡ
Ǩ˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷЩȷ˵Ҳ
ԣԱ߲֮ĸһö
ҡ΢תʿζӣŸӸͬĸĸݴһͷˣҲ˵ȸģ֮˵硣ƺܶͨ嶼
ˡĳͻʱ½ʥ͸ӣǣǨһֵĿҡ⣬ûס˳
ѲҪһλ
ܣ벻½ʥԭ
ҵл񣬡ҡȻ֪ǨʲôԼĿЩ Ŀ϶ʲô£ʱġ
ǨԵɴۣ˵壬㡢ʱ£ԣԭЩΪ
ʧڶΪѾ䣬֮ǰҲΪšα»ص延ڣû뵽л֮£յ֪飬֮ǰɡ
ǨԼĺ쬵ġ
㲻ţҡ΢תǣһЦǲţɻȥʡ
ǨعԴŵҺֵزأӡ
±֮Щ̫ʣĸôȥʱ£̫š
ҡ⿴ŵ֮̿ǰǿڶ
пϾӭ͡Ǩ֪һλѲḶ́Цų֡
*
̫ŵĿڴΪգڼϢҡɽɳޡ޼֮ĳ֡ҡɽ񼣰ı仯ħԨĳȣ׽˵Ŀ⡣
ͬʱ̫͸¶º̺ǵ̺ᣬһʷǰᡣ
˵⻰ֻ֮Աǣжд̺ǲһССǳأٰһᾹȻáʷǰݡ
οڴ䣬˶̺ⳡȤ˵ʷǰĪ̫ŵĿɽ޼֮سı
޼֮ض׽ͨ˵̸֮ɫĽأɵأǶ׽絮ĵһ֮ӵ׽ǿս
һʱ䣬׼ʱȥ̺ǣ޵׼֡޼֮صıʹҲܿ۽硣
̺Ϊº̺ᣬѾʼæµ
ʱҡ뿪̫ţ޵ĵһǳءǡ
Ϊ޵ĵһǳأǲ̶֯ȱȱǸʤһ
һϣһҿ޵¥ʱ¥õżڣżˡ
û뵽ټԨ𡣡һλµĴЩпĳİ˵
輸ϵĲյ⿴ۣڵʮȥڴԲ
Ǵɫ΢ͣſЦһҲ֪޶ۣԲǼޡ
˭ô˼
ǰѾȹ٣Ϊ񾳡˵ʱü΢£һ֮ɫ
һüǱѾìܡ
ǡ˵ͷû
óɡлһâתͷԱŵ˵
ҡԣǿó
˼壬ͫ΢͵̧ͷҡ⣬ǡ
ԨɲĿˣѵӵġ
鱨˵ӻԨ塱
ҡһ֪ˣæҸԨ𣬸ǰĸʯ
˵ӵĺӣ
ĸʯľļҡ͵ö࣬뿪޼֮غ̫£ֱʱܱ޿޴¡
һҪΪ׼ˡڼʥ𹬵ĵõĵй𾳿ܵ鵤޿ϢΪͨԽ޵Ҫҩ
Ҫһǣ޿۵ƽ̨׽ӿҲ޳ˡ



224 
¸˵ǻ˼ʮƴ, һ, ֻ۾ҡ, һˮ
ôκڿڣɤż˿Ȼ޷ĵļ
ҡĿ΢, 촽һֱߣ΢Щɬ⣬δҵ
ʲô¸˲ʧɫ岻Ծǰ㣬ѵҡ, ׷˺£
Ҳҡ΢, ҡҡͷ塣
һε, ν޳ױ, Լò׼ʲô̬ȶ, 仰˵ʱ޷ζԷ
һʱ˵壬ֶŮڹ˼ʲôڴ㽫༸ɡ
¸üĽš, Ȼ֪˺£ѹ, Ǳ, Ѧ򼸰ǰչȥ, δأѩͳ֪ͨǣں
˶٣Щ䣬޷ȷǷ
޿޸һλ£Ů˵ǴʵѾò£Ƿ£޿췢½˴ܡ
ҡ΢ת뵽֮ǰᵽǸкѾ񣬿λ£Ѿ˼
޿µһֱǰҲֱ֪ǵ֣񾳵ĴмʮλһʱҲ벻Ǹкλ
ġеĲ豭΢йƶȻ˲Ծŷ
¸ҲǴˣĻܿ׹ͷˣҲ
˵ʶҡ⣬û뵽ӾȻСӣϧתֻҴһţ涼δȻ˵ϳСӡ
ҡⱻһСӡһСӡеòڣǳҡ⼴ɣسʲôСӡ
¸ԣҡͷܾʹãбǡ
Ļδ˵㱻ϣһƺˣģʲôһƺűζ
˵Ĳҡ֪һԸ͵㻹ǻҡɡ
¸˿۶ˣƬ̣˵ͷ
*
׽Ϊǧ磬ԱҪб޶ҪһЩ򣬲Ϲʱ֮˿޴󣬸·ʱ̣ǲ˷ʯͨһ̤޶ûܡ
ŵ˵Ĺ¸ֱӴҡȥĶҲǱ޿޵ĴӪ
˳ʮ·ȺɽɽǰͣһɽׯǰɽׯɽˮţΧŨ̶ȿһţԴɾ
ɽׯǱ޿޵פأҡ⿴ɽµɽׯɵ
޿׽⣬¢ʽģϾӪ˼ʮ꣬ĲƸ±һŻҪ࣬ӪĻ˺ãҲ
ƲģҲֲģű˵ĶԼĶһô
ǣ¸ףЦǰ·ǲҲõˡ
ɽׯڣǰĳһ䡣ƬĽȺ۴αȣͳһε˾ȻæŸԵĻƣϢ͸еʯ
ҡ⿴ǰĳ׽Ϣ磬ޣֻҪʿп洫Ϣ֪Ϣ
˲δæµɽׯִͣһ˺ɽɽׯڵķ֣ɽ˼ͨģǹʿɽ
ɽɽŸһԲεĺ޽һˮ鿣뵣ˮ鿶ӳ֡
üһֱӾٲȥˮ鿡ҡˣҲˮ鿵ķȥ¸޷ֻø
ˮ鿵ͤӣվΧǰűɫĺˮ忼㣬ںδ
ҡ΢㶣ȴҲ֪岻޵ķʸ㽫Ͷǰ̱ʯ̵ĺϡ
һͤӵ¸üͷ𣬿Ǵ˴ʲôף
̧̧֣ʾȲҪ˵
ҡɴɳˮ̨ͤںĴ̽ԶͨϢ֮㽫Ѱһ顣
ƽȴмУ⼸еλòûʲôɣзҲͬͨС
ԽͨҡбԽùŹ֣ųһѡ˸н룬˲㱻нɡ
֤еĲ룬סĺܿҵԼҵĵطǼαۣںģ׼ȷ˵ǺĴǼ˯еһ
ȷһΪǬ󣬲ΪˮУ˲޸ģҡһʱûϳ
Ǭ˼壬һӡЩͷҲ֪ӡʲôмֺ棬ԼէҲֱӶ֡
ҵۣҡȥȻƽˮӿ޴ĲΣŴӺ׳һӰûҡϸǺӰѾ͵س棬¶Ŀ



225 
һħĺɫӺ׳, ˮɽ쳹ʡ
ãˮ̨¸ɫ, ȥ¡
ż, ðԡ
, СӦˣ¸־ŭ, һǵͨ, ǵҡİΣﾹȻûбָе¡
֪ںײ˶ãǰ͵ĿָԹפصĴ˵ʧ죬пܵ»פأ
Ǳ߼ҡǾ֣ƺǵԨӳ, ôûϢ, û뵽Ȼڴ˴
ڵˮ̨Լ, ó˪ָ
ڵ嵱濴ӳԨʱڣû뵽żʮȥ, ȻѾ, Īʲôﲻɣ
뷨ҡԺһζ, еĽȴĳȥ, Ľв, ֻûʽصȣκ˪Ʒ̫ߣԪǰ£ֻƾɽݺĽ˼ɵ
ǰҡ˪ҲӲԾΪ֧ӴԪʩչӾĽ赽𾳲С
С䲻𾳣Ա֮ˮ̨¸ڷϢڿڴϴӮŮߣ𺳡
ʹļӳ֣Ҳÿܷӳã׽δĸǰԪ
յȻһХſ³һźͳҡȥ
ֱҪˣֻһƿȡĶû뵽ؼʱ̺Ȼ񣬻ټ
ԭߣûһСС֡ˣ͵ԼڸԷĥʯã
֪ŭǣֱȼվѪ͡
Ǻͱǰħ츳ͨں˾ѪƸӺˣԶˮ̨¸˶е޴в
ҡڰ³Ǳ㰵ৡһ˲ڼ֮⣬Ǻȴƹ֮Ұ
Ժ͵вĪΣҡԪת˪߶£һʵʵĽ⣬ݺݵ˹ĺײϡ
ײú桰䡱һը˲䱻նΪ룬¶ɫĺɢĻˮ˲֮һҲɫˮ֣һʱΡ
ҡʱ˪եһԪ֮²һɷס˲صˮ̨
ӻһ˦ڵˮʱȫɢڰյİȴ֪ʱʧȥټ
壬ˣҡʯϻָԪ˲ɻĿ
ԶգȻ˵ץСʲô˼ȥҴɡ
ҡ˼ĵͷһԵ¸ɫ΢䣬ʵ˼ǣڴ˴Ŀģ
ʦ׵ʹˡʱһŮ߹˼˵ĶԻ
䣬Ӱ𽥿Ϊ׵׵£üĻŮӣɫǹһĨǳǳЦ̡
ԭλ޵Ĵºҡü΢ʼǸɱѪɱ׷鵽һǸ¶˺̣һ޵壬λ彻ãҲ֪ûй
һĶڵѪɱǱӵǧɽҶһֱ˼⣬ķȻССĶȥ֮ѾǴΪˡ
б޿ǿϢΪͼ򵥶ˡ
Ԩ𡣡Ѿ߽ˮ̨ӳ΢΢ףòԶ񣬺øС
ݼԨߣǻŮӯӯһݣƫͷҡ΢΢ףӡ
¸ˡ߶׵¶һζЦû뵽һ
ųԨڴˣĳҲҪݻһеļΪĴ
üᡰһԭҵ׵𶼸ˡ
׿ĳԪ֮ʱʮ־Ϊ֮·ϵĿꡣЦĿºϡ
ҡƲƲ죬⻰Ƿ壬Ԫ񾳵Ϊ׷Ŀ꣬񾳣廹ԭز
׵񾳺ÿһĽıȽϺ壬˵ٸʮʱҲ򲻹塣
ǰĿƺЩ֡ɿЦ
һۣĽӿڵŶγԣ
ȿڣҲ˵ʲôֻҡ˵ȥ
һ˵ĿдС֣֮˵ǰʱĿɣΪ˵㣬ҲýϵʥΪĿŹ󡣡
ҡ⳯գգۣЦԷǣݸѾͷˡ
ѵĿֻ񾳲ɣҡü΢̧Цеķʵ
񾳲/ˡϵҡҡͷ
ҡȻһЦζ׵˵ǰĿ㲻϶󣬵˵ĿСǰ׷壬׷ϵĿ꣬ǴСأ
ǰأƫͷźЦȻЦˮ̨ͤƺ˼֡
ɫ䣬º͵ЦݣվԱߵĻŮЦŽӿڣӵĻЩʦȷʥΪĿˡ
ʲôʥˣһˮֻһһӰ֣˵ǺŮӡ
ᡢѩΪ¸æӭȥոĺʦͽԶֿ
˺һ󣬳ߵǰЦˣû뵽ټһ졣ż
ѩҲ˹ЦԨ𡣡
Ҳ֪ǲ˵ã֮ûһȵĺʦͽҡע⵽˵Ļɰ룬༸뺫ìܲǳڿˣҲ֪λڱչص޴ʲô̬ȡ
ֻѾͻƵ񾳣ֹӰ첻
*
ˮ鿵ͤӿռ䲻ҡ˺ܿƲȥ˺ɽԺפѡַѡü޵һǳǽͨݣŨ羰ãĵĺɽ˵һһÿԿ뻭
󣬿ʼ⡣
˵ˣͲסӣһ¾̲סڡ
˵䣬⿴ҡ⣬ϾʱЩ֡
¸ȿۺŶԳͷǣСµı޿֮
ȵȣ˵С㣿Բҡ⡣
һԵķѩҲɲĿڱ˹ĺ߿ʱѾҡ⡣
һʱ䣬еĿⶼͶҡϡ
ȻĽ˵עĿóǿīɫ壬ĸʯǰһӦñǱ޿֮
Ůҡ⣬ֽĿƵԱߵϣֽгԨ壿
ҡ˵Ȼһ˵˵
һ²⣬֪ӿɷΪ󡣡



226 
롣ҡ۽, ɫ˵
ŮǺЦż, ֪޿ȥ˺δ
ԭǰһĵžͽС޿, ҡü΢, ̹ԵҲ֪ںδ
֪Ϣ, ԲŻͽܹôʡ
, Ȼ˵޿ãΪλ᲻֪ȥˡðǱ޿𽻸ģŮ˵ϸ֮ȴЩͱˣ˵ƺڻ
Աߵ¸ŭĿ, Сݣ
, һԸ, ˻ˣɵĺһεҡҡͷƳ㣬, ݣ
ѵͳԨ𻹲, ¸Цһ, , ֪ڴʲô, Ҳ˭һУ壬ĪΪΪ޵У
źЦףԽԽû˼ˡ
¸ԵķѩסְתͷףлûµȷҪء
ѩ㡱ǼӣûĻ̲סڡ
ѩ߳ҡҡͷʾȱ˵˵ȷʵϵŮһα޿֮Σ
ҡ⣬Цһ΢΢ͷȻԸΪҲʡСˡ
壬㻹ʲô֤ݵĶĿҡ⣬޿ϢƵǣȴֻк뼤
Уܣ׽˺ϵʥ˳֣û˵ԱƵģӺҡݡ
㾹ȻޣȻת֮һжһˡ
ҡԭһۣĻαϰ֧ɨӼһۣ뼸λǰˣҼʱӦҪݣ
û˿ڣ˵ҲãҲգҽƱ޿졣
״ɨۺó壬ʶڵǵ幵ͨʱ享ͷسһɫӰһֻɫͬ
Ӱֺ˲䱻һϤѹƵ޷Ǳ޿ıԴͬʱϵҲϵһγ־ɫˣ˸տʼЩԾ⣬ܿ͵¶ظɫ
ҡ֪֮׽иأԭںϡȴģ伫ȴģԼվ壬ǿԮܼѹס
Ժ˻дڱҪģѴ֮˳շˡҡζƳ˺һۣջĸѹƣ˺ָܿж
ԭϵôһ졣ѩ߿еľ治Զ
ĸѹֶǶ֪ոյֻѾĺûз֣ʵԶϣŻǳ롣
Ц¶ɫΪϱ꣬ĲϾ˷ǡ
⻰Щζֱڿ죬ͷĳ⻰òҪĲЩֶΣҲֻ֮˲Żɵ㵱׾Ż㣬֮ͽ㲻á֣
ŮԭںԲǰŭĿԣĪҪ̫ѵʦ˵Ĳԣ޿ʧʦԿ˼ŵѹʦ޿ѱʳǲʦģͬ˶Ըʦ壡
ꡣ˵꣬ſںֹ
¸˿ڽףɫյͽҲ˵ߵǷǡ
ǿһ㽫޽ԭд㡣ĿⲻƵĿźʦͽ
ˣѩߴϻ/ҩζŨļˣƳһԿϷ¶һǸЦףո׿ڳϣӵģҪΪոǷѾõ֤
ãƢЦЦ顣
飡ŮӺȻ
ü꣬Ϊʦ̫ˣ˷
Ůӱǳ⣬ɫҰȴ˿ãʦǡ
к飬ֱ˵ҡ⿴ŶһһͣһĻ
ĻŮӷ·ץס˻ᣬæ޿ֶͨ쳹أʦ뼸λ߷Ϊ˵һμѻ㲻ҲǱ޿֮ŮεºΪ㽫ʦںεأλںεأ
ĻΪôô䵱ϣӶҲȣòͷˣ
ҡ֧ãĵŴ䣬ҲȣԪʱ͸ͬһĹȼ棬ο
˼ǣֻҪҴӮ㣬ͷˣƵ˵
ŮҭҭĿɵɨԱһֱûü֪СʤŮĴߣӴΪδ̫ԴЩ
˵ҲһսҡĻţ̧̧°ü
ӲԴСԸдһ
ҡ֧ЦеĿˣ֮ǰŮλҲ˵⻰
ŮûнӻǹһĨЦ
д衱ûгֹһֱԱ߿ϷѹҲû˵ҲȰ衣
*
д裬ԺĿռС㶯֣ƲȥĿյϣԶƬɫԲˮ̨ͤ֡
ˮĺǶȺɽϵһ̱ʯԣ羰á
ŮȻӣʵʲδҡΪͶ⣬һʼͼռȻһ¶Է
ȡһӤȭͷĺɫӣƴ߶ӣգۼзɳһֻɻûĽɫȸҡ⡣
飿ӣɫһࡣ
鱾幥ԣŻȻĻ֣ҿɫǴȼߵĻӣŻѾһƷ
ҡҲϳ˳ĶǺҲְϷûȸǰֻȫᲢۡ
ķٵȻҲ𣬵Ȳֻȸ˼ˣȡһǰδùı
޼֮յûãߵıⲻ˵ģƴ벻
һֻıɫķɳֻ滯ɵȸϡһ𻯳ɵȸһΪʳ֣˳ء
֮ʱҡϢȡȣŰյǿŻһָ顰ಡһꡣ
Ϊʣеȸһ˲轵ô˻شĻʱࡣ



227 
Ůɫһ, ָצڿһץ뽫ջ, ҡ״ۼֿһ̣ץģѾĻȸڰãһȦػڡ
ҡʵЩ⣬ԭֻ÷ȸŶԷǿŻ龹ĹԹԳɹõŻʱ̫, ûüԻϵ
鱻, Ůɫһܿʶ÷Զ̻, ıս͵ǰ뿿սһǡ
ӿһ㵭, ֳ̧ҡȥһ, бһ̶Χۿɼ鲨
ҡû뵽ȻҲ, Ѿ, ȻѾɣ޿³Բ, ˲, öԷ
Ůȴ·ϵж, һַֻɿһӡҡֻΧĿռ·˲Զ
𾳺յĿռ䷨򡪡ռ
ۿһƽǰҪҡϣԱ߹սļλ𶼲һѺƢĳ𼸺Ҫ̲סˡ
еȴɫ糣Ƴٻȴʱӭȥƶƣ䡱һԶĺನɸߵľΡ
һƺߴһ˿Ůɫ࣬⣬˸ҡսľ֣ջزĵķٵ𣬳ûȡ˪
ǰպУԪѹեһɶСԴԴϵԪ䣬ԪѾָʮ֮/ţ˪ˡ
ȡɽٵĻŮɫ΢࣬ȡһɫߣߺȻǼ
ҡ۾У޿Ȼͣŵĳ϶òһóֲú
߳ѹʱ˲ǴʮǰʱҡֻʣһƬɫὣһ˼סߡ
ʱۿƵʲǹͨ˪ҡϣһ飬Ľֵ¡
ҡĿ΢һ첨κʧo츳ͨݹ档ǵһͨҲ֪Ԥжࡣ
Ůüջߣķųܲ̽
΢紩Χļ紵ҶԶĺƽ羵һжΨ˸ˡ
ŮӺȻһǽ죬Ӱ˵ǣԶĳһʱ쾹ʧƬ̣Ҳֻλ˿Ӱ졣
ȴ˵ŮĳһֵɫӰΪģڲ
񣿡Ա߹ս¶һ˿ɫ
е󣬺ܿӡʱһĽԺ򳯻Ůȥ
ΧĿռԼЩϸС϶ΧԴݿ֮ƽԲεġһ޴ѿڡ
Ůɫ΢ӳӭ⣬ɫߵġжȥ˽Ĵ󲿷ֻϳһԼĪ糤İ׺ۡ
ʧҡʱĳǰŮһʱ飬۾
ɫǳɫͫʶȻ·а㽫Էĳ֪أŮӵһͣ·𱻶ס㣬һӴԭء
ҡô˻ᣬԥһؿڡ
ʱԶĺһӣͽܾߡһϵж̶̼Ϣ֮䣬ʱŮӲηѡ
áҡҲ⺫Ķ𽣶΢΢ס
ŮĿ⸴ӵĿʧȥѪɫıֱߣκʰ·硣
׿Щ֮ԷԪͨ𾳳ڵҪʤһӿռŹֵķͨ˷ʤòԩ
棬һǱҪʮϰٱԪһǶԷĸ֪ա棬ҡѾڵյòˡ
޹ϼ٣ˡһȻҡ˵ҲᱻߵǿŻ飬ЯŻŮӾҪ뿪ƺʲô¡
ҡȻΪμҪߣ治ɫĵͷߡ
ȶ뿪һɨ֮ǰ¸ϸģߵҡ֣С㣬ˣ
Ļʱ˵ĿסֻҡֽӲĺһƬ˰ѪطķɫγԱȡ
Ǵ𲻽ΪѵһޣҡոӲӲƣȻԷٵˣԼҲˣƵֹǹѾˡ
ãҴ˽¶˹ɽȡһƴС
˵Ľ¶רι˵ļƷҩһСгǧƷʯһ򵽡
ֻУҪմҩΪҡҩһԵķѩֹֻȡһøɾӴմҩ࣬Ŷҡýҩ˿Ϊҩ
ҩһϣй֮⻺ĵĴʹҡоִʹ
ΧסֱҩְãڽšڹȥУҡδŮԳһЩ֪Īů
վڲԶˣ΢΢һ޵Ц



228 
ǰǲл˵Ϻҩ, ҡƳʱĿ⣬ʵ
ɫ΢ͣŹŭʲôǰýҡ΢תƺ˼ʲô׵
̣˵ָ˵, , ѩ̡
¸ԺһۣתͷҡС˵, ɡ
ϻҷѩɡһͬķѩ˫ֽڸ΢΢˵̸ֹ˵š
ҡգգ, ˵κˡ
֮ǰ򵥽޿λµϸֱʡĳ, һĴȸѪȸ޵, , ҲǶҳϵһ޵ķѩԭǴ۶ǣ޿ĽдĹ͡
Ƕһ, ¼ĹϵֱԲƺ, δ̫ͨʡ
ҡⰴԼ˵ƺ, ĵ˵ͷ, ĸȻܰϣôæҲûʲôöȨļˡ
ɽȡһһֱԼ͸ˮһ㲻ġСһɶ࿴˼ۡ
ҹʱշ쳣УǿʱйصĴƬ
Ƭ̫ҲաҡȻȣǵҡͷܾƬͻƵдãڿҪ׵УʲôҪ
ˮȻһЦⶫǱﾡã˶٣ֵǲգҲúƤ˵Ļˡ
˵ôô󷽣ԭǱоġԱߵķѩĻɴȤ
󷽳ϵȷǱоģΪܽҽҲ޷
һ༸˲¶ϲɫ¸̲סʣ˼ǣ
ԭõǿƬ֮һİգǻǿŻ飬һİաԲʮ꣬Ͳһš
ҡȡǿŴӴжõĻ飬ֽװŴƬˮһظ𣬡ˣҾ͸̵ĴƬˡ
ƬԲϣһΣˮֻصҡĻûš
˵⻰ʱҲգĶĻ飬¶֮ɫǴȸʹڻڽϴ媣ȸһŵĻ֣Իܸ֮һ˶ԽҲ˼ֻᡣ
㽫ͽʦͽҲҪĺõĿҡ⣬ǽҲ㲻ϼļһزݸ
˵⣬ҡȴ˼Ż̫ɣǴ͸ģʦͽ뿪֮ʱҲ֪˻ѹںһŻ飬һ䶼ûʾˡ
ɵŻĻǡþǳҪģʵ˲ò룬ָͨһ㡣
Աߵķѩ۽һлһɫ
Ƕ˲᲻ͼɡû⵽ǵɫŷѩ߶˵
ҡⱻĻ˼æܾλ޿Ϳ๦ߣһռλ˵λлŶԡ
˵ıųֻŵɵֱ޼֮е֣ϰϵ˴ãɳ
֮ǰͲʱѩеʣõϣȸ£ȻҲǼɶõرʵҡ޼֮յЩ񣬾ûһòֵĵͼεҲ׼
ûͳСѩȻֻҡóĶ˵ܾĻ
Ϊ޿£ѩ߼ö۽Ȼͬ죬˵𼤶ѣֻͬϳѾȿ˿ڣٿҪδⲻ̫ÿ
ֻû뵽ҡ⾹Լ˼Ҫ͸ѵֵԣ
ȴ˵ֻҡָʹ£ɵѩߣеıϵеУǵΧڷѩ裬뿪
Ҳʮϲѩ̣ҡգգۣݸ˵Է˵Ļᣬתû˵¸ˣһںڵʯͷǸ̵Ԫʯ
߿˳ϰȴԵϵ֮ǰ¥߱ˣҡ⣬û뵽߿ˮϵһ޺˿ûϵķâͱꡣ
Ԫʯͬ޼֮صĲ޼֮صвĿľ˴׵ʯԪʯֵģϰϵ֮˵
¸ܾһҡ͸ǵĶӵ޷˵ܵĻ
ֱʣûԺôƣ״ʣûиոǿŻ飬ʲô
ĪǺˣҡü΢̧˻ǴɽȡһһСزľͷд죬ԼŻơ
ľֱ۾Եķѩ߶Ҳĵǽľͷ¶֮ɫ
ľѳ֣Ϊãϵ̫ſڴ˲¶˼²Ĺϵ
۰Ͱ͵ҡеľͷƿߣľãǱȲĻ
̷˵ոȻ˲ܺ˱ˣľר͸ġҡ⽫ǽľͷ
˱Ҳµı޿֮ͼû뵽ûó㱻ҡҵκģﲻᣬﰵҪ޺öͻôҲܱСȥ
*
ȻλֻޣҡҪȷԼݣͼλϸ죬˳Ը¡
ϲεı޿֮ĸѹδĹ
飬ѩʹҴ뿪ˡصȻΪĳ겻ôǺȻ˰ıٵҲס޲չС
ҡһҲ³սݡ𿴼λһǢΪµı޿֮Ȼ˫֮ǰδӴֲѪԵװȻԵ飬ЧҵĴֻĸףĸ׵ǰֹϵ̫ˡ
µı޿֮ĳ̶ֳҲǵּ¼ǳױĹϵռλľȾµϳеš
ʱֹϵռϷԺദĻֱ˵Ҫͼδر⣬ҡ͵ļԺԼȻаһءΪ뼸λ±ǿ޿֮ϼλ
ǼǳҲǱ޿֮£кô
壬Ǭµ׷ӡź
˼ˣҡҲ뿪ҡ⻹ǹ֮ǰǱ߷ֵĴ󣬲һʼȥˮ鿵ѯʡ
ͭˡڴ



229 
⻰ҡһ뵽ľ¯Ƭ, ˵¯Ҳôݵ, ѵ
֪ԭֻһ, û뵽ƺԴĶ֪֮
ֶŮ, üЦΪҲġ
ʲôҡЩ⣬ѵ˵ĶҲŽȥģ
׵ĺȻտķˮ㲻Ϸɫĺˮӿ˻źĳһУԽԽ
ʱ¶һŰ׹⣬һУʱӰ׹зɳͭƬ, 䵽̯ġ
ͭƬ飬ԭĽɫɫ⼣, СһֻԼĪ糤, ıȳҪͭƬϵƺһЩֵ, ΪֻƬҡ⿴˼, Լм졣
¯Ƭ૵, һֱռͭƬԼõһ顣
ᡰס, Щ˵
ҡͷ, Щ쳤ӿͭƬ, , ҿôһΣʵʲδӴͭƬ
ȥɡͭƬǰһͣҡȥӣȴǼ鿴ƮƮͭƬǧһʱ׹ڵء
ϾվһԣЦעЦ
壡ҡǱվȺ̧ͷЩյĵ
̫ʱȴһңЩʧҡҡͷֻϷʵЦô͸ֻ
ҡһû˵вѭ򲻹˲ڽѹ¡
ͷͭƬȻΪͭƬҲ֪¯ֻͨͭ⿴ͭĽǺȻܶô
ջطɢ˼»صͭƬƬ̫٣̵ȫҲɣֻܾЩ졣
ü΢ǿͭƬϣԺлһ⣬ͬںڰԴȻʣȻǡ
Դļ̨ϵЩ壬ȻͭƬϵֲȷһֺ
¯ʲôȻԴйأѵǸʱ¯ʹˣֻǺ컯һǧйء
ôˣģʵ
壬¯˽٣ҡָʱʱͭƬϵ·ʵ
ü΢¯ֹΣһγֵ֮شϣλշ¯ʹ¯塣
Σش⣬һʲôʱ򣿡ҡ¶죬һֱΪ¯ֹֻΣû뵽ȻΡ
¯徹ȻΪصԵʣֲðһҧгݵģ
̫֮ʡ
ҡ¶Ȼ֮ɫǸʱ׽绹ڻδ֣̫ħ׽е鶼δҲ޹ֺûʲô֪¯̫š
¯Ϊش٣̫ŵĳ֣Ϊʲôָ֧°ͣԾĿͶ壬ϣܴǶõ𰸡
̿ѾͷΪʲô֪ɣʱҲδ֪ôԶ֮¡
ҡΣֻʱѹʡ
ȻⶫѾȡˣͽɡƳͭƬȻ
ңҡ㶣ԾĶɻ󣬡壬ǴӺδõЩƬģΪҪӡڴ˴
ҵõ⼸Ƭʱĺ쳾֮δɢǲӡ·ԲǧﶼҪˡΪνͭƬӡȴεõͭƬֲֻᡣ
ᵽ쳾ҡⲻĶЩ֣¯ġ쳾١䲻ʶȴһմϡ쳾п䡣
ڣЩĵʵܾҪ
Це˵滹к쳾㻹ܰȵվ
ҡҲԼʵЩֻǿЦЩ̤ʵ
ԥͭƬصԷ壬ⶫǽ㱣ܰɣϷôصĶһ˸Ǻá
ˣĲҪü¶һĪЦ
ҡ⵽׷Ų¯ܣ⻰ԥһջǽǼͭƬ
*
Ȼפط羰ҡ⵽ײģ˳޿£˰뿪ˡ
˷ΪѹģҲһֱΪ󱲱ݻ뿪ɽׯҡ⼸ˡ
ҡʱһˣδż̫ţʱ·أ׼ȥǡ
޵һǳأͨڵﲻֻǽȴЩ֣˰춼ûʲôˡ
ϲɫʩչͨسɴ粻ǿۿѾţڳӰ
Ӱһǰɿ쳯ҡķǰǸΪֻڵŮӣжദ˿ڣҡɴѾң黨ӣվұк񱨣
׷ԲɳвҪܡ
˵һ룬ȴ·ɤˡ˿ҡݣͣڰ鲻ǰ
ħ壿ҡĿˣħ׷黨ˣ
ŮſӣзɿĻһ˿âظĿл
ţҺʱ˵Ҫ㣿ҡ˵
ŮϵЦסĽŲҲ΢΢ͣ׷ɱħҲЩ⣬һЩͬʹ˸Ůȥ
Ů¶֮ɫסҡ⣬ѵҪħϢɱڵģ
ŶʲôϢҡü΢ӸµĿŰŵˣ¶ֺ档
ǱħһʱҲ˲üɵҡ⣬ħŮӱȥŮӾʧĶ㵽ҡ
գۼڵѪħѾ嵽ҡǰʱŮӺ֣Ϣҡ⡣
ָһ룬ͷҡʱҡתһ߷
Ůӱһ߷ɺ󣬶Ȼ仯Ϊһɺ̣ʱʧ
þֲ̫ڣõ汾³ɡ
ʰٰ黨ӵĻӰҡһ˦嵽ǰѪħ˲仯Ϊƺ̡
ǳ޼֮صˣе˼
һתŮ˷ĻЦԴɳƵЦ˵Ȼ󣬼ʹҡŮӣҲһ˲
ҡ΢Уа⣬˻ħصħȷΪħо
ֻҪ㽻һҾͷ뿪ΣǸĵŮÿֶ·ʴ˵ǣи˵죬˵
ҡɫ䣬ȻҪҵĶֲͷ¶β¶棿
ΧִЦκ˵СѾͷؼңҲ㣬ֻҪһѡ
Ҫʲôҡü̩Ȼʵͷβû¶һ˿š
ǼͭƬ



230 
ʲôͭƬҡ֪ʡ
СѾͷ, ĪҪƲԳԷơ
Ů, תһˢ˵ĿڣõͷʹҡͬΪŮ, ҲЩ㱡
ʾʲô, ʲôסɫ, ݲȵ
ŮЦһ, , ǾʲôǷơ
ԭĲȻīڸǣΪ֮ɫ䣬ҡм˵ʱӿһŨѪɷ֮Ѫɷ֮̾һɫħ
ħ, qqƬɭĹ⡣Լʮɣ۾ź, Ķ
ſѪڣ¶Ķ͵س, ֮Ļһɶʬ֮ζӿҡ, ΢ΣŲæĶ㿪ħĹ
ħ֮ʱһͷ˿ϸġߡϢ䵽ĳϣܿʧѹѹ˿䡣
ҡ, а, ৡ¸סħŵڡħ챻ǿ, ͷ͵һ˦, 뽫˦ɡҡʹһħϣаһסͷֻ
ʱħѪɫβЮš㳯ҡ󱳳·ɽҡͷҲأ̧ƮƮĳһƣһֻɫƶȻ֣Хβķɡ
ͨ˷ħвС˺ħմϽ裬ʹ˻κ챻סֻܷ˿˿
ҡѹħʱȻ΢ͣаȻɿҲӰյ䡣һֱ·ħرס
ħҡԵޱӴ󣬷·ֻһɱ
СѾͷⷣƳԵΣδֵŮĵżϷЦ⡣
ħԸˣУ涼¶ȥǸЦħﴫһżĻƣ
һŮȻһż使ĵµ⼸ŮӿԳڸŤϸħ·һߵŮߡ
ݵСѾͷǻԿͷġ
촽΢һ˫Ŀħħ˳Ĵͷ­ƺڵȴ˵ĸοͽ
ħ̧֣ħȻ䱬һ⣬һҽУɺüΣɢڵء
λħƳˣǲҲøңкιҡջ˪üбЦĿǰ֮ˡ
㣿ǺħϻδջصЦʱסԵЩ˵ĵۻһ˿㵡
ҡ֣һ䶯ġߡѱģħ
߳Ϊ˿һּΪرִĳӣ˳ǿʹǽõؽ˿ܰȻ΢С֪Ĵڡ
һ棬Ƴһ㣬һڱԷ֣Ҳڡ˿ˡҡ֮±˿º
˵мֱ£Է顣ħЦһĺ촽΢΢ȻǴӷŵĲѹ
ҡ̧Ƴһۣ˿ֶȻȼһλ磬ԭ䶯˿һӾͲˡ
˿һʧħ˷ɫ˲ɷףϢʼЩȡһкضһīɫּҡ⹥ȥ
ħϴһ㣬жǹŨҡ⼴ʹյУЩڡ
ﴩǳǳ֮ҡһ𣬷·ʲôʶڷڣ־Ƭ̳͡
ӽǿʼŤΣ߻ָǰѹѹվˡЩȫʶģ롢·ǡӳʱǰΧ۾ֱ
Ҫκˡ
һϤİ߻ص󣬷·˳ţЩΧסͬΪʲôң
Ϊʲôң
һظ⻰ҡ֪ԼǺħĻþУȴֱֻܽվԭ޷ظǾ仰öˣҲڿʼԼԼںʲô
ҡĿãȻΧܵˣʶ𽥿ʼģһƬ֮С
ʶججУڿҪõĳʱȻоһ΢΢˸˻ɵĻ硣ʶ͵һɢǿʼ¾£
еĲκ͵ǶԴڱģǱʶ޷ƿĳЩ£ܾĽһҲǴĵطݣƴȫץסһ
ͷȻȻЩ磬жѾʶʼѡ
ְ̧סϮҡ֪ʱϵ۾ޱһħ
һƿƽƽ棬Ҳûʲôλħȴ·𱻺ƴˣѪǱɶžһˤڵء
ó￪ʼҡþʱ俴ʵʱȴֻȥ̶һϢһϢ֮䣬ڻþһľ磬ѹħĻþǹɾһķһλħ
ħȷȻڲͬȻܹĵεħҡɫ΢㶵ջ֣ŵǸ˵ħɫмֹŹ֡
ԼҲøȻħδȫľȴ˲١
ǺħδüȻһֻ̽ץС㽫һϤҡ
ˣһСġ
ҡ⻰˵ͷȻ֪Ϥδ뿪
ȴԭǻδ뿪ɽׯʱƺһ߳ϷרŵͭƬĴ㡣
ȻʱûϣһС㣬ͺðˡ
*
ħӰһʧȻ˸ģܶһɺг֮·ոҡ⾭һзڲͬʱա
ʹĻħ壬¸ոǸħһֻŵ۵ĽƲ£а⡣
ĸ֪ӻþеջҡ۷̫ȹ̾磬ȺȻ˽ס
ǲ¯Ƭ
סȵ˵ֱ룬ίʵ



231 
ףǡҡ⿴źȻֵİ, ƫͷһ, ڲԶƳһϤӰ
˵Ѿˣûüϲ㡣·ǻǰһ˫տͷŰסҡⲻŵİ꣬Щε
㻹ûش𱾹, ıסҡĴȣͷ
ҡ̿ɴ̧ͷ·, δ, ʥҲΪǡ, ңԶ
⻰н, ǿ佱·ǿЦҡҡͷ˯ǰѾľʱյԪ, ˵ΪȴѾת˹
ʥ޿Ҫ£ҡݸûΪ֮£ཱུ̧İǵ첻ĺߺߡ
Ȼҵġߺÿ, ʼįĲ
ҡ΢ת, Ŷʲô
Ȼ͵Ϯ, ǰ˿δԷĿ, ǶԵУƾһѾˡһֱܺ氢ʵոյģ˽⣬֮ǰҲûλħĻþӰ졣
˵˵ʱȴֺצӣ˻ʳָصЦ˵Ͳסӵ͸¶Ǻ֪ܿˡ
ҡĿ΢벻ʲô¯飬̺ܲɣ
Ҫȥǣ·ֽӹ꣬ʵ
׼ҡɽ֪λȤȥҡɽͣҡɿİ꣬
·ǻδ˵еİѾȲȴȥȥȥôԶ·ﶼûúϢ
ˣ߶ˡ·Ǽ״ӣЩεЦ 
ҡü棬Ŀ״ɨİ꣬ؿӰ׳¯¡
˽ǣͨܿص̺ǡ̺Ϊ̺ٱޱȣҡɽ̺һξ룬̫Լƻ̺ǣ̺̫ΧҲ˵̺ǷΧŵҡɽ
ǳһһϦܰɣ̫ſڴ˳У˴ʿӿ̺ǲڴ˶ӣѾ߹ģ
һ·ҡɴȡһҷۣǷóֻаƴغȴмɡǶʯ̤ۺǷ۱ƽȵУһ·ҡɽķȥ
һ·δټϰ˵Ŀ⣬˵Ŀ޶ãȴûǡͬУֶ˸Ůͯгúһڰ㡣ⷬα߷޿죬һۡ
˶ڲ²Ůͯ˭ĺӣ޿ʥӿϵУǷҲѾ
ҡ޼֮أܹע̶ȱ֮ǰй޲޿Ϊ¼쳳졣
Ȼ˺󻰡ʱ˳ŷҡɽʻȥԼ㵽̫ŵɽš
ɽйŹ֡һҡɽ壬üѿڶ
ҡһתͷʲôŹ֣
꿴ĿЩӣҡûɲЩ顣Ŀܿƿ翵ɽ壬Це˵ط
˿ʼǾ䣬·ղǻֻڶ̸
ɽſڣеӭ˽ҡⱾ֮˲ιһȴ˽סֻдˣԼȥ̫
˺£ҡ̤ɨļˡ̫ŷչʱ̣߲㲢࣬Ϊĸ߲ȫۼʶ鲻С
ķڱչأûʱƿ̫ŵ£̫ſڴͻ޼֮ء綺˺ü꣬ȻΪǣŶһľͣĻȥչˡ
ӣȿ󡣡һλȲĿڣʱ˶ΧһǰһƬƴĹǡ
ݡΪΪⰸϵĹǱһͷϵĹǲƬ
ڲһҡǸ⺺Ͼʱоһʱգվֻţ۹ױηʵֱ˵ɡ
ҵݡסǽ⡱ӹҡͣ˵˴ֻܽһ仰׽һ漰޵䡣
ҡšüţ˵꣬ɫɵʵ˵ɽˣ
ɽȻ޹ʵеⲷ֮£ŷЩߡ
ɽ𣿾Ȼǰꡣҡüڤ˼ѾûлˣȻɽӡܼǴ
ɽشޱ޽ǢԭɽȻڴɽպ޷䡪ؿѣ׽һΪ
˭Ҳ˵׽ⳡγɵģ˺ޱ˶磬بѹһϻɫɽ´֮ѵĲҲȴ
Դͬʱⳡƻ˿޴ʹ󣬴ǰ޴һб޵оԺҲ١
ʱⳡ䷢Ƿʲô£ⳡǰ
ҡԺͷ΢ӵˣطж
طָ黨ŵЩɽ֮µĿ
¸շãɽ֮ǿҲδϲЩܣС£üģȷ˵
ʹ⵽׽罫䣬ʲô仯ȴһĪչ̺׼ݱǳʲôӾͲˡ
ҡĿ΢ɫ糣׵һѯʳȲҪš
ȻɽˣǳҲǰ٣ҺӣȻҪͷ۸˵ԼĻ
аһʼǾ䡰˵ǷʾľǴ£˵ľ£һ֪Щʲô
˼ˣ˽˼仰뿪
*
Сվס
бץСүѽ̫岻Զİ˸˵
ţ̫ǰͬʱ̫ꡰˢһʧһ˲һ֦ϡ
ҡչͿһü̫ѾСڶӵ彻˼죬仯ЩԾٶȡ
̫ȻҲΡˢһΣ˲֦ײҡ⻳ףˡ
ףƲ̫꣬ã͵ҵĶ¯Ƭҡ
ʲôĶҼ񵽵ġ̫겻ʾĻصһۣ̯֣ױƵĽĶ͵ҡǰ
ףƯʯͷ͸㡣
еʯͷԼĴָСͨ͸Ͼڹߵ»Ŀʹâ
Ҫ˵ҡҲʶɾۿҲˣǰʯͷȴ·ħ㣬˿֮Ʋۡ
ʲôʯͷʯͷĿתĶʡ
ӣ̫ŵҲ֪ʲô˳Ϊʯ
죿ҡͷһ͵ؿոջ԰ٷ֮ȷһδǳ



232 
ƲƲ, ʯӣ˵Ҫϲ͸ˣҪ¯ӵƬҡ
һſûʲô;ʯͷ뻻Ƭ, ҡҪʯͷ, ̫ˡ
ƬҲǷˡķ
ҡȻһЦյǰ, ˭˵, ⶫãȻҲͶá
ɴۣ౵ָ㡱˰, һԼŰɡ
Сֹ, ЩƬǻԹԻ
ҪͭƬҲУҡһ, ʯͷɨһۣشҼ⣬Ҿ͸㡣
֪ʲôһת, ֪ڴʲô⡣
ҡ̫, ͷ, ʾȥ档̫, 󳯰˸, ಡһԶˡ
ɽ֪٣̫, ⡣
궯ݵµһǧϣһûһµĵǧƫͷ˵ɽô
˵ɽԭɽҡӦ˼
ֻش⣬ҪŶգӴż⡣
ҡ򴽣΢תͽ֪Ĺɽ˵˵
üֺСִ˸ָΧعһ磬ǧԽԽߡ
Ӧ֪֮ɣսգޡ
֪ҡͷǳԶ֮սֱӽ޴ɷֱûָѷĵط
ȻǸʱ޻ޡ
ʵʱƻصĵطޡ겻֪ʲôطһﺬ˵
ҡЩȵظĻޣ׽ƺδ
޲Ϊ֮ȥģʱ˷սʢ˥ı׽⣬һ¡֣ǧΰΣԶҡС
û˵۾˵
Ǹʱ׽絮˵һλ࣬ʱټ޻Ϊޣǧķѣ춼ˡ
ȵȣ˵λ׽ɽ٣ҡ̲סĻʷδ˵ƺ¹ز¶ΪĨȥ˸̸
귭˸ֻۣǵһٵನˣ׽ɲ٣Ī˵ޣǧ綼ữΪޣ˵ƺЩʲô˶٣΢˵ʵ׽ѵĲನ
ʲôҡⲻʵ
ǵڶ⡣ͳһڰյĽѾΰΣòڡ
ҡ⿴ģɴҲСһҡΣյ£ǧϵˣҲˣ˵ɽʲôϵ
꿴һۣҰҰ죬֮λʹɽನͿ̿λɹ٣һƸ׽磬׽ŵԻָأҲǱ¶ĵط
ֲ޵棬ԭоһ£˵Ҳøǣ޹ǣȴܲݸ
Դ˴ɽǴ֮йأҡü΢̽µ¶󣬲δ׽ȫָ
ڶ⣬ЦеĿǡ
ҡü΢ѾʾԭеǳʿҪˣ׷ԴǼʥµ򣬡λûʲô
ǳƽ鱻ǣγҵϣҪٳ⣬»Ҫͷϡ
Բʲô⣿ƺҡ뷨ƲУϣһ粻ֻһֻͨأѾѳǧ磬ƽƽֻڴǧ磬൱ֻĿˣ˳£Żᱻϳȥ
ҵ϶Բ΢㱻ó涣һ£ܵвô
ҡüǲȨǸ޿κΡӴļʥƺΪݽ桢ʯĳˡ
һ⣬ʰɡ˸ǧϣһֲֻ֪ʱͳ쿪ʼ
⣬ҡⱻĻѣعȡǿͭƬ¯ϵֵ
˵ֽסǵǽգգ޹˵˵ʲôû壿
ҡǿͭƬ¯ϵ̵ĶӦòȥİɣʲô˵¯
ʲô˵ʲôһ˫۾תǲԸû
˵õ⣬ɲˣҡǰ̧һڻεǧͣ¡
üˣĨĨ޵ͣŶĿ⣬㻻⣬統׽ѵԪס
Ȥҡ΢תƺܸȤۿԷЦȻһתǣҲɣҲ
·׽磬ܣ֪ʱֻȥǡ¯ܣֻ
¯Ҳ㲻ɣˣ߳ŭǧڵֱš
ҡ۵İЦе˵˭˵޹أҼ¯ϵ֡
ŶǲȥԴ磿Ȼҡ֣һ˵Σ¯ǲģ֪ʯҵǿԸ㡣
ҡⶢ۾˶áԷеļ֣ҡЭ˵ʯ°ɡ
ʯ¯ģͦͦСظЩ⣬󷴲ֻ޸˱ٵĴأѵĲ첢δָ֮׽磬ȫޡ
Ӧòİɡҡȴһ±©⿴ֲ´Ը񣬼Сܻܴ¡
пµӦһеļʥ
Ӳûңɲʯ
вʯôҡûĻʵʥԲѷ죬ܲ⣬˵ֻҪ׽飬ûѶû⡣
϶һֱڣ׽ֻһһϡʿ˵൱ĿҪûˣʿʧĩ磬Ʃ֮ǰ硣
ոõģһ㲹ʯ
Ҳ˵Ҫ죬¯ֲУ
ô˵
˵ͭƬϲ̵˵Ƭأ
ҡüݸһЦ˵ҪƬû˵ȫ
ˣǻҪʯڵĵϧſɰİһûС
˲ʯǲǾ͸쳾ˣҡⲻΪЦҡϡҡһһΣϵҲۣƺ׼С
ش仹û֮żҲһ˵ǰʥԪżǸϾ׽̫ϡӰ켸ޡ
ĵǺ쳾ٺڵ޳
ܲ͸¶͸¶쳾Ҫã
Ҫ̶ֻֻ̼꣬Ϣ



233 
޵ܳǣѧ
, ̫һš
̫ţ۵ЩȵĽӹż, 򿪺֮, ԭĿ𽥱ء
ü΢, żþò΢ŵĵͯһԣ״Щ͵͵һֻۣ硰Զšʡۡ
ⷬСȻԷ, ǹû˵ʲô, ֻһ, ֮ںδ, лҪʡ
ƫ, ͽͯ, æ˳
ͬĳ黨Ůȴ, ɽ̫ŵӵӰ
ʹ, ֪ɽĵڶ죬޼󶥼ƽ̺ļλ峤̫ŵϵݲö֪
ͬһ죬޿һ̫ŷϢᵽ˻ȻһƬ
ݴǣ̫ݳһ˿, պѾɽΪ, ؿ, ׽һΪ
ﻹһ׽ļͼú߻濪ѵĴ޴ĿͬɾȾѪ͵ؿȥ·ıһӾ
޿Ǵ£Ҳ˼̫ŲΣ
Ȼ̫ǰʱΪڴ֮´ͷҲϾŵۡŮЩĶɣֻ̫֮мԸŴ£޿ϴƬ֮û̫ŵۡ
ºܿӱ޿ϵӵʵУ޿һ˽µЦ߽һʳ̫š
̫Ϊ˳ͷʲô˵ʲôؾ䣬켫ںŵЩɶûߣСƽЦϰˡ
ֻһɽˣȻǲ⵽׽һΪ̫Ƿ𣿡
Ҳ˵̫źվ˭
Ǹطˣ׿ں˵˵һš
ǺǣĴΣȻ׽ķѣҲȲӺ˵
£ϹοʳƫƧˣ˵ۣŮ̲סʶˡ
ֻ̫ţ²ֵһᣬ޼֮صӰʮа˾ġ
ŮӵɨһۣΧ˸磬ż˵Զ֮׽类һΣпصһ϶ͼĺ޼
ͫ΢һ˿أô˵пģ
±У̫űؽ룬Ҫʸ֮ĵ׼
һɴݵĲ裬޳ʮָ񣬾ֹȻţªʳӲΪϧʩ˸磬˶ŵˣû⸱ͼ
֮ˣȴûעһС
ʲô˼Ĳ϶˼ȻڴȼҰ׵Ϊ˼ĨѪɫ
ȹ˽٣̩һɳ죬ûж˵ֻЦһĲǰǶȲҲٵʲôˡ
ȻʲôҲصġ
ǰĲ豭ǿǣһЦҾҵ
壬ܰȻ
̴ǳЦǹһ΢ĻȡȻü΢̧׶ŵۡ黨ŮѾжˡ
ԣ޿鿴üͷġ
ٻ˵ӣͼкĵӡδϱ̬ȴʵж֧̫š
ȥ޿쿴ŵѾжµӶٻţѵ̫˵ľģ
ʳںܿҲ˷˴£״ɴ
ֵʳΪŵ۵ȶŵĶը˹һɽŵʱʳӡ
ԽԽźͼٻ˺󱲣ԭ̫ŵķ䣬˿ʼ̫ŵԤ԰Ű
ȻҲжԴŵģƩ켫Ϊ׵һЩţ޵塢ȡ
ʱƣ޿ѡ̫š
̫Ÿһء
վ֪ܵαǼٵҲһˣģ̫ž൱ھ˴ҵ
ӿʼˣԽԽʼ֧̫šһʱ䣬˿ʼ̫˵Ƭ
Ȼߡޣڡߡд˲ʿϢͣѹ֪˺¡
ʱ̫ź޷ŴͷɳЭԸ뿪ͨתơŵŮҲѧûδڵĵЭ˳룬ɳٵԮ
иֻȺʶܲûǼޣЩδǵ飬嶼㣬˳ٻͬ⣬ǲδЩδǵ顣
ܺıܣѳȺӵĿʼǨ㡣
еħȼɭϵһ壬ֻһ£ħ嶼뿪ˡ
˴ģǨ㣬תۼܿȥ뿪ˡߡʣµĶЩԸ뿪µġ
ɽĵ죬糽ʱѹֽŵĵȴУȻ䰵ڰв֪ȥã׽Ȼһ죬žһ£Ļһͷߡ
ţؿʼҲ¡ĩհ㣬˶졣ھУ㸲ͣڵϣվվȡ
ڰһΣԶչֱĿ޷ѲͷġߡҲڲ󣬴һʼļɿԽԽγһ԰Ԩ
ͬʱ߳ɫǳĺƣ·ī֭вɰΪ졣
ڰ֮УмӰԭɽϢǿΪȫϡ
Լȥʱ䣬Ļ·𱻲ˮīɫ䵭ĲҲȵڲ
˶ʶգֻһۿɼ϶ʣΪ롣϶׹˸ɢϢľ
롰ߡԶȲȥ̽ܿ㷢̫ԣһԨϵ϶Ӧ׽һΪ
Ԩмס
ʱպȻ¼֮£ҡɽڵķǵΪִСķֱ޷ţŵۡŮЩطƮȥ
ǣ֮
ҡɽϣ̫ŵԲ˼ٶͬʱ̫ŵӶеһ䵽Լϣůʮ
ףҽˣ
ҲĶˣ
ҵںˣ
ҡɽҡɽʮطֽƣһʱεΪ׳ۡ
Ϊʲôҽܹ֮
ҡһŵ֮ⳡؾԤ֪ͨӰ죬ڱ޿찵ۣһõĹ֮Ҳġ
˭֪Ԥܹ֮ʱȴֹ
һʱ֮ݺҵĻԺͻмˡ¶һĪ飬ϧ˳˵
֮ʲô׶𣿡
һתģɵ˵֮ҪǰӬͷСɱ˫ۣߵһ˵Ļˡ
ҡ˼ĵͷĵ֮ʣ⹦֮ʲôô
Ȼеģһ˿֮ɫҰҰ죬۰Ͱ͵ܸܲҳԣ
ⶫĴ󲹣кöûôһŹ֮ˣ
㲻ΪԼԣԲƭҲܹ֮ҡüһɵĿ
ɣܻ˵޴ĽǺõģ֮ԽأյԽƬز֮ҲԽ񣬵ʱҪѳĴǧ磬ϼѣΪãʶģ
ԭˡҡĿ¶˼Ȼһڣ˹֮ͬʱҲƬذһ
ȵȣԺкȻһ⣬ǰɻѵġҵڴ˿̺Ȼ˳
ù֮ı׶ˣô˵õ֮ϵҲΪĲ֮·ӶϾΪʲôԶŴսʧΪĹ£ǣԽ֮ԽԽܳѡ
Ψһİ취Щ¡Ż޲Tƶǰ١ֻҪһִ壬еĹ֮֮ҲȻȻʧ
һ޲Tħ壬Ŀһ¡𹦵֮ͲƵ֮
뵽ҡⱳǺϵʥˣΪϡҲУǴħ壬ֻԼ˽飬һԼаͺĲ
ǹģ
Ļ˼άҡЦе˰˱ҷ㹦֮ˡ
Լһֱ֪£ҡĺãŹ֮һƣĵŵ֮Ȼʧ
ոתŭΪϲİ꣬ɴת֮أȥˣ
ҡɫЩ΢Ű꣬΢Щ˵͵ˡ
ǰǼһ޳һк򣬾ͰѶ˽ˡ
˵㻰ĻŮˣñĻ



234 
ⳡؾ, һϲҳ
šŵЩڽоͨ˵, , ʵʵν
켫Щ̫ŵĲ֮Աǵ, ٶʧ˲ֵӺԴҪ, ϲľʧµӶŲɣ̶ŵˡ
Ҫ˵ʧģ켫ڵһŵ, ɽɴ϶濪ʱųλɽٵͼλδĵ⣬µȫɽһ뱻ѷû, ֪
Ҳ˵ž˼Ѿʵ¶켫ڵ, 켫ڵȻûŵùﶼЩ켫ҲһŸ
ŵɹΪѰɽúô, ǵڻң켫, 켫ڵСѾ˼, ʼнӴ̫š
ȻЩ֮İӿͨ˲֪, Ψһ֪, һ̫ŵⳡ, ӹһ١
ŵۡŮֶŶûΪⳡѣ̫ŵ쳹ޣ˼סʧȥ԰ϼҴǨ̺Ǹ̺ĳǳٶ˿ڱǡ
޾ڣ̫ŵƾ黨켫ڲ֮ƣ켫ڴ˷ƴ̫Ŷʱ֮ϵļ
ԭ͹ϵ˴θìܼ켫϶黨˲ϣĥ̫һѵ
̫켫ڵ֮Ļ/ҩζҡⲢδעʹҲδϣȫһǣߡ
ж˻
ŵ۽Լ黨ͲݵǱҲ˻Ϣ㱨ܹ֮˼ӳ֣̫һԾΪڡȻΪһɵڻӳͬΪû׹̫ŵ档
ħǱʼûϢᵽħ壬ʶüֻǴˡħ嶼йأýħ峹ų⡣
ҡ¶ֹŹ֮ɫصħ壬ħ
ϰԻߣ϶ûΨһƫĵطħԨƣѷ첻ᾭħԨ֪ΪѷȻ˸䣬ħԨѷ˸ܽӴһġʮ֡
ħһ㣬˼
±ħʵʵǴӱ޿õܱҲ֪ħԨ
ӵ˵ͷħ岻ּɣ˵ֻǿ޴󱻻٣һߵ˿ҪһЩ
϶׽ָɶ磬ޡݴ󲿷ֹ磬޺޴󲿷ֱָڶ磬ֱһΪһڶһ硣
׽ԱҪ޵شģ޴׽ҪŦǰǳؾвٴ󱻻٣޵Ŀ޴϶ȫݻ٣޵Ĵ󲿷ִ̱״̬
һָڶķźŵ۵ȱ޷ͨǰһƽ̳ⲻҪЩųһȥ·ϾҪʱ䡣
ⳡٸչãΪŵЩŵƽҪ뿪ɽţǧޣҪⳡؾ俪ʼǰ˵
̫Ÿţ֮˲δ뿪ϳŻһⳡŵĵٴεƽǰ̺һۡ
ڴǰ̫һ½ɣȻ붥ƽǰ̺ǣֻ֪Ц̫˴ƣӺյŵ۵ŶҪʱâּ֮޷ܾԼ˲ǶҪȥһ̺ǡ
̫Ը켫ڣֻűӸϸ̺ǡ
*
϶ֺһº׽Ϊؾĸֶڻָʱ˼ת𴦣ʱǾȵķ֣̺ǲ֪ʱ㼯һȺܡ
̺ⳡƼʢᣬģȲǰ̫ŵĿڴߣȫ׽綥ʵȨ
һʱ䣬еĿȫ㼯̺ǡ
̺ǳ
лλǰϲƧҲûʲôöдλҡɽزһС
Ӷλһӱʵڳǰڳ̩֮¶ɫ
ټˡ˵ǿڴͳֹĶǨαϣҲץڵĹӾͳԡ
黨̲סʵţ˵̫
ƷǳƷܰʿļԵ״̬Դ⣬Ʒʿá
ڳʮλˡһӾóʮţʵǴֱʣʹ黨Ҳݳޡ
ҡü̫ŵȻòṩġԴǿʥС磬СҩˣĪƷסԭֻƷһȫƷɳƷ
ƷֶűҲһһŽСȫǳƷȥʵš
ǱҲ𣺡˵ЦˣȻֲ̫һ
⻰ڳ֮˿ҪǳƷĽ̫ŵƾܶռͷΪֻʱ⡣
һѺڽ⡣
λ˴ºλǰΪһǰǳ䣬ؿѻᵼʧĴ׽ҲΪĩ
һȺߵĿӲͷƤʼ˵ķŵƽ
ڳ֮Ҳǰ׳գ˭С͵û˵ĲǿθСˣ룬סȻ
¹׽ĽϢϢأ֪λԴкθ߼׳⡣
ٷ˾䣬Ժ𽥼٣ҵʿҲһ϶ҷŷԼһް֡ŵĳι˫ֺʮżֳء
ҡüԭȻһ£ôûӻĴȱΪȺȴ²Ϊˡ
ûͨڳιԱߵ켫Ϸʵιۣҿɼǵõ˲Ӽħ˵ǰȻ
黨΢΢üι˵粵Բӣ۷ѡվΪ̨˵̫ˣ
ҡ˰ԵͷϹʱһĶܣʣһ˭Ըȡ壬Լĳѡħϵ֮ûκε
ȡ壬ұģһֱûŵ۹ڣһε϶ǹ⿿ϵġ
ǣԶŴսһһ˿󣬸ԶŴƲʯ׽ػƾҼˣ԰쵽һԵŮӿڵ
ŮڣɶĿ⼯ϡ֪ŮվʥˣǶ֪λʲô
ҡҲ֧˵ʲô



235 
λѳǧ, ׽ҲǧٿסŮɨ, 漰࣬⻰Щָζ˭Ҳ׽ӻ, ΢򴽵, λֳһƴ, ʥ˺첹, ֮λҲ֪ǶλĲʯ
, ʮ, һɶܵҲȲһسַ϶, 뾡ȡʩ޲
ڶȡؼ, ʿԽ߶ƬصҲԽأس, ߽ʿԴҪΡ
һ©˵޿κεĵط, ԲЧ, Ϊѳ֮ĲಢԼ۴ǧ, ඼һ֮
, ֪δ뿪׽, ؾ˻ǽϣںϵʥϡ
֪Ĳʯƣŵ۹ʳڳĵ, һȺ۾ˢˢŮ
ԭټ̫ţΪͷͷŮߣزĴԼᰵջѣλϵȴ·˿ĿżƳķ
Ůü΢ҪƲʯؼ
˵˶٣ɫЩΪѣƺЩԥò
ѿʲô˼ɲɣ켫ʵм֮һ˫׵۾ʱоһĶ߰жҡ
˵ʱɨķ򣬼ʹ絲ţҡҲܸеǰĿ⡣
ҡ֧°ϷĿ֣һԽǼϵװݲȵǹڼ˿˿֮Юż㣬壬ζеܣֱҪζࡣ
ֲðѩζȷҡԵð۰⣬ϧСѾͷûĺģҲ˵һ仰
ӶԷеĳŹӣһȴΪŮĻձЩء
ǹ˼ɣֻĳ֣²λ뿴ġü΢壬ɫЩȻ
ŵĳιֺƵٷ𣬹ڲʯ֮£ҷŵЩأ֮Ǵ˵еغ¯
ŮĿ΢ǳЦףԲŲϹʱ޵ĴڣЩԶܶһ
䣬һʹЦ˵λķϻǲе࣬һ仰·Ҫôʱ䣬޷Ǳ¯Ԥʾٳ֣˵Ŀɶԣ
α֧кżֲͷʹǵλһС˼̫࣬˵˵ȥϵ⡣
һļλɳͣ˵Ĳ̫ĥߴˡ
¯飬Ʋʯֻһ¯
ۿҪᵽ𴦣ӿʼһֱû˵ĳƳ۶ǨȻĿתŮλؾ¯
Ѱ¯Ʋʯ׽֪λο
ŮûзĻɫĵ׳⣬ѡһ¯Ʋʯ󣬻Ϊ˲֪ʱٵѡ϶
ڳĬǶδ¯δ٣˭Ҳұ֤¯ʲôԤ֪¡
ھ׽δ
ҡһĿ¶˼֮ɫһֱоⳡؾЩ֣п²Щ飬ķչشĿԷǳ
Ҫӿٲһ¯ܿ¯Ǻϵʥˣ׽Ҳһ졣ƲʯĽڣԲѴ֮׽Ѱ¯Ƭ
ֱ׽Ūڹ֮УʱЩǧ¯ƬˣڽɱԼֽ֡
ڣûһƿܿܿ⣬ȻС
˼ǣҵ¯λƲʯȴƳţżּ⣬ƺл
˽Ŀ⿴Ů΢׵ֻҪܸԭ¯Ʋʯ졣
һڳ֮һĬ൱ʥ˽Ů֮ǳŵֻҪҵ¯Զֲ졣
ȿȣλɷ˵䣬ҧҧҡ⽻Ļ˵ʹ¯ûҲͨ¯ӵ飬ʹͨҲƲʯ
˼ǣǹؼϷ峤̲סʵ
徴ηʥˣΪǺϵʥˣҪΪ֮ĸλϵʥˣȴλʥʮʹޣֻҪסᣬϵʥ˵Ӷӡ
˵˰죬忼ǺҪҪ¯ǵλѾѡ񡣡ǨϷƳǼ壬ڶ䡣⶯ЩֱɣòݣֱⷬɵĶҲַ̬֮
󵨣⻰Ƕʥ˲Ů¶ɫվĿע
ǨüĦ°б̫Уѵ˵ˣλƺһֱõ¯¯٣λĹ͡
һŮͳ⣬Ծ¯֮¼ʹҲ飬û뵽ʥɡ
ŮɫĶŰǨһһٺʥ֮£Ƕ๵˵ģڮʥˣĪΪԶţ
׽λ˵㣿΢У΢ݣΪǨ˵Ů⻰ڼ壬ͬҲڷ̷塣
Ů΢΢ƣԶ岢ûڮ֮⣬ƺʥгɼ̬лʥˡ
ǨԭϹŵЦһգвֻ֮΢΢üãţӭʥ͡
޼֮⣬׽ֻеԶŰôеͺϵʥ˶ǺǿƣҲʻعйء
ҡǱ߿ϷûزûкøУ˵ʵڻδǴǿƸ
λǲǸûص¯ϣڳΪ͡ûдڸеӻǵԼְ𣬲廰
ֳձƣŵ۹׽ӿڣ˵Ĳ۵ֻǲˡ
һ仰Ȼ뱻ǣŮʥ֮ľС
⻰˵֮˵׷׽תһʼ˵ĲϡãջǾһ¯˵
ֻ¯Ƭҵ󣬽˭һֱִݡ
ȻոհǨ͸¶ʥ¯֮£˲룬ļλڽȻԸ⽫¯λʥˣһʱ佩ֲ¡
ҡۼһȺ׽緭ƸʵȨУΪһѰеͭ࣬̾˿ڴ˸ǷڵִݣۼҲ۲˷ʱ䣬罻޼֮ΪΣ
һڣһڰ
ⲻκһ



236 
һѹҡϮ, мѹķֱ, һ赭дǵϮѹΡ
ôĻ֪οɺãҡվʩʩȻˣǰϡ
Ůòʢ֮ڣ֮Ϊ, һɴӹ͸Ӻ֮, һһЦԴ˳ڳ֮ȥʱһ, ޲ö֮켫ҲԾһ˿ޡ
Ϣ֮, 켫ȻعüѾڵԼ, һЦ޼֮ǶŸȤǶ޸Ȥ
Ļɫ΢, ޼֮һ׽羮ˮˮ, ѵĴ
֪, ޼֮ʱ, ס˱, żéʣǳסͲסˡ
ҡεҡҡͷ, ⻰䲻, ֮ƺδȫ޼֮صԾ, ˼ϸ֮˲¶ɫ
Ů΢, Ȼ޼֮ؿ磬ֺαۏˮ
⻰ͬҲʹλһ£Ϊİ㣿ҡ¶һζЦûйɫһЦĿתˣȻħδλҲ¯һ壬嶼ģ۲ݣ罻޼֮أΣ
ͬѵ飬һʼԮİǨǵһڣЦеĿҡ⣬ʣ֪ٽʯ⣬Ҳɡ
˭Ҳû뵽˻첻ߣȻʱҡѯʽ֮¡
ҷҲ⽻Ȼ˵ɨ۶壬¯֮£ǲλˡ
֮Ժ̸֪λҵοҡⲢδȷӦ£λ
ȻڶֹʱҲ֪ͬ飬ͬҡԣλȨ֮£¯ʥƿأʱ޼֮رܡ
ĪԶ֮ʱ޼֮ζԸǵģ켫״̲ס
Ǩ˫ֻأЦһ˼̫ƽӣƺҲԶαū۵ġ
ĻȼԶŶһСѿĺڰʷҲԸἰģɫڣ/ҩζŨء
ҡ״üֱ̧ںͷ켫˴켫ڣǲǻɽӭأ
ԶǴ޼֮˵£ʵǲ֪ν򵽼ſˣ˷
켫Ŀ⵭ĶС޼֮ĸ֣ܵĻ
޳׺ɣһʱޣһʱ볾˵ܿᵽζҡбȻһЦٻʹĻŭɣЦҲʱ֡
ŵ۹һתλĳһ׾¯ƬĿΪѡ˭ҵ¯Ƭ࣬¯ͽķܣλο
ҡü΢̧鲻ÿɷ񣬲֪¯ĹҲøһˡ
Ȼŵһ˼ոջ֧޼֮شΪܵ忪ʼЩҡڲ
ҡ밽Ǩһۣû˵޼֮رܣĿĲ¯ʩѹû޼֮صļ룬ûкϵʥˣһסشѹ
аڣ¯ĿԲ
*
Ѱ¯֮Ĺ⣬ŵ۹ҡ꣬ƮƮһ䣺ƲʯϲλҪ׼
ٷĪ̴Խ֪Ʋʯŵĳι̲סʵ
̯֣ǿĴָСĲʯڹ£ǿ͸ʯͷĿɫâۼĹ⻪ħ
ǣ
ǲʯ
һ۾ŹĶҡǿɢɫâʯͷ
̴֪ԽĲʯӺζιʡ
ˡҲ֪ǰ׼õ͵ǰ ᵽǲֲʯĲϡ
⻰ʶ̽һ֮£ǼʶĴܣɫ
ᵽģĶǲʯĲϣ黨šüҡ⣬дżֺɡ
ʯóˣƭҡⲻŲæĴתͷŮλţҿ˵ѡ
˶ţ΢ޱʯ֮£Ҳʾʥˡ
ģɵ˵ǣҡЩȤüԾڴˣλ׼ɡ
ɫϾʶⳡؾҪĴ۱иࡣ
¸һ䣬ֵ޴ڸеӿ˵
λ˴ǰ˲֮£һ£һȦ֪λԡ޳кο
ҡⲻɫĴڳ֮ˣոյ»ΣηѾ۾ۼЩΪˡ޳
ΪκȻἰ޳ɫһԾҡ⡣
ӸոĿڳ֮˸ֳƤ磬Ѳǰţ˵λҲţ˶ԡ޳۷׷ףòǰǳؾǡ޳µġ
һǰҲشã޿쿪ʼۡ޳Ĺϵġ޳ܿܵⳡɢ޿죬׽Ҳʱ۴¡
иص㣬һٺҪͨתעŲʱǴⳡʼٸߣػȺ鼤ܣҪҳ׳ͽ䣬Դ֮ǰܵľš
㹻ܹ㼯һ񶼿ס´ơǺϵʥˣҲ˵Լֿܵס½Եеġơ
ǵһ޳йصĲҡ˵ģñ޿ģǽ·ͣ˿ʼע⵽޳
Ȼ޳пܱ¶䱻ΪǿǸ޳¶ˡ֮ǰԴ֮ʱʥʱ޳رˣڶôյ¶һҪԸ޳˶Էˡ
´ƣһر֮ΪµУѳ֮⣬Ȼ˾ͻһ
ԭ˼ν´ƶԸû뵽ؾȻǰˡ֮󣬼йҵйڣɡơӿ
ſкη֣黨˼ʵ
£̩Ȼ˵̫ŵȷЩ²⣬ֻǲ֪λԡ޳֮кο
黨Ŀ΢ڵ־֮˽٣޳֮伴䣬±롮޳йأĪ̫ҵ޳
̫ݵһЩ޳ӵͷЩࡣ
̫ŵĲݣɫ죬ֱɨһԵҡ⡣
ҡɫ̹ȻǶһ޳Լʲôڣܹˡ
ʱɫ΢ŵ۵Ĺ
ħԨǱ߲֪׷ʲôħȻһԲʼ̣ŵµıӺѧҲܵС
Ϣ֮ŵ۹Ȼɫ䣬͵վ
Ҳ½յ޵Ϣ



237 
λǸĳʧ̬ˡŵ۹ܿ, Ǹ, Σģ, ·ոʧ̬Ĳͬһˡ
ӿҡ, Ŷ˵Ҫ£
ŵ۹ڰ, ɫ糣޳֮£ŵҲһֱڲ֪̫̽к
Ŀ΢, ޳, ض֮
׽Ƿߴڣ˵֮бһλ켫Ƴҡ, ˭Ҳ֮⡣
̫ħ, Ȼڳ˸׽һһĴܣ˿ӧ档
ҡһ, û˵ӵ̬ȷ·һȭ޻ϡûڳ, ˸, ˸ûȤ, 켫ֻڨڨ졣
λ̫㵽
óһֽ, һɨ, ɫ졣
ֻʣ΢ĩ֮ϡ
ǰһʺ, һߵ, ʱǽΧ޶, ֮ϡô˲Ŀ켫ķ
켫Ҳ֪е뷨ɫĿӣʵǺ⣿Щͱˡ
ǸͬҲһ֣ԭϹ̫ŵĶ̫ű㱻켫ڵսƷˡ
Ϊζŭ⡮š֮˵ָ롣ӹɻĿšϹ̫ŵĶǼΪѵõĲ켫ڵսƷ֮߸л̫ŵȻҪû
켫лһ⣬ڽŵ˵ĺֽᣬȷ»Ǻ죬ȫƾ̫һ졣
̫һɽٵòȻҴԲǰŪһˣĪΪԼںԳ棬˵ʲôʲô
һ򣬼̫űһǴҲȷ̫ŵ̫ǳûõóֵĸ߽ʿ
һЦէȴֻҡЦ켫ںʱݳ񲻾ǰǳ٣˵⻰Ҳ٣һѱµˡǷҲ÷ʡ켫һùˣ
ٶȱû/ҩζʮ㣬ŵ۹ͻȻڲ廰ţЩǷ
ҡҡͷֻĲЩҵĲ²ˡ
ˣ£ˡĳһŵ۹λ׳˵
֮˶յħȻֵϢŵ۹ܵȵڲŸǣ͵ʶΪһŵƽ̡ͷҲûԸⴥùͷ˵껰ܿ뿪ˡ
ŵ۹ǰŸߣ켫Ҳȥ
ʣµ˵ǲż뿪ǨŽŲȪ׽˵ĴܣҲԽģɴҲóԼʱòϵĶܲܽһЩԼҪı
ҡ⵹û뵽̺ǵỹûʼͿʼһĽ׻ᣬҵȼҪһµĺǳƷ׻ߣϾÿһλ᲻һ뵽ǡ
*
̺ⳡ̸֮Ϊ֮֡ؾʼһŴͽȫסͶ¯С
Ȼʱ׽˻ڲ²޳ݣ̫Ų⡱͸¶ȥΪ޳˭۲ݣҪ׽ֻġ֮ˡ
ľǡ֮ϡĸ֣š֮Ҳ·˳
شϹ̫뷢һ̥ƳɵΪš̫źű켫Уϧڴսб٣ֱ黹δѣ켫ֻܽʱá
Χ˼롰޳Ĺϵ辶һȤ
ŵĳһϢϢأ巢̥Ϊ˽̲²Ž׸̫š̫ű̫ŵļȴȫˣǨ޶
ϢϢصļ壬աǽ֮ƻļ塣ƻҹϵҲ޷ҲҺˡ
㣬ϵˡ΢ĩСĸ˫츳ֻһͨˣ壬һųơһ޷ͨһ·Ϊͻͽ֮޶Ҳ˿˵һҲΪ
ⷬƲܿӱ޿촫ޣȻһЩͷɡƻӾ޳̫ɵȫûˡ
ҡ֪ǰҷţֻԼѾ˼˿֮µõĴ𰸲Ÿ׽ܣŹŪģ˵̽飬˳̽˶ŵĿܻܲ˿
켫ԭлڰΪһڶԪˣǵڼˮõšȻ֪ΪʲôҪѾ˼õţƾŮ˵ֱõ벻ջ
ţ֪ʱ򣬶ʰҲʱ̺ڶ˼졣
ĲǿԭˣǵҵƬҡվһſڣ죬ͷҡ⡣
ҡ̿գŤͷվһԵ·ǣҪȥĶ
·۰꣬ȥްɡ
һ·СġҡఢԴ̾˿޲ɢ֮ϯҶиԵ·Ҫߡ
ˣ㡣·ǵ˵ͷȻЩʲôóһƴеݵǰ
ҡɻĽӹУ̧ʣǣ
Ľ¶Ц⣬·׺ǳҫۣϴõģڵĽ¶
ǲ⣬·ֽһ䣺¶ҽƵģȻҩǹζҲϴ
ҽߣÿ嶼óҩҡ޼֮ʱ·ǰҲ͸һСҩϻ
û뵽С¶ע⵽ˣ˼ҡвʶ뽫л
Ƶҩǧ𲻻Ʒοֻʣ·һˣϡΪн¶һƷʯ򲻵
޹»
·ȴ·µĶδж֮ǰѾŰȻȥֻʣһ仰
˵òأֻձȬ
ҡпŶ˵ӰԶȥֱʧת̤ڡ˭֪˲Ȼ͵ת
ǺʱģŶµˣһĿ̫ĿŵΧһ˶ûз
䣬Ѿܲ˳嵽ǰҡԼ֪Լþˣüۼ˵ϲ˼
ַס˸˿ŵվ˺һˣϧֻſˡ
㡱ҡ˵̧׿ϴҡɽҲһϢĳ뿪ȻΧ˶ˡ
ΪУԼȻоΪ



238 
ʱ˵ӡ˿ֽǰ, ָһûһµĻ, ·΢ĵɨ, ҡʶĲ˲֡
鵭, ҡһתɫ, ץԼ̺ǵľȥȽɡ
۲΢ǣԼֻ֣ĸ̤볨Ĵڡ
߽Ժӣҡ⡰žһ¹ţ˫Ĳϣһ, ϡ
Ӧû˰ɣҡͷ, ̴΢΢ţһ˫ɫֱ
¡īü΢̧˫ۻסӯһյ֫, ĺ䲻, ˿۵׵
ҡæɿ, һ˫£ô
ɫ΢΢˱仯ץŪ֣ʵ΢΢Щͳ, Ĳ֪ 
֪ʲôҡһɻ, ɫԽԽѿ, š͡һЦϷʵôһɴζ
ǹڻոֻͰ·ûôԼҪмģֱŤˣź
ס֫°˰ĶϣЩڿ֪ô
ܵĳֱ仯ҡɫЦ΢ͣһֵҪƿС֪ˣſҡ
ûзſ׾סĴһѵˮǳֹżְζпԼӰֻų޵⹴ˡ
ûס۾ֺŷ̵Ķ䣬Ȼое͵һԼ
ҡɤӣ½󲻰ŤŤܿĶš
ʲôĶЦһϢڶϣһ
ҡ͵תͷסıй߰ҧ˿ڡȻŭСģûҧơ
˭֪ȴô˻һٹƷߣСϷȻĲ̰࣬ʶһ·̼ܵ㣬˱رɼҵġŹԵǡ
סںδɳƵǿƲס
ҡⱻǵԵɵɣƾűκָĳһ˱㻻˸ط
黷ǽ˫֮䣬ͷǵǳһĴ꣬Ӵһ˿ѯʡҡⱻͷ첲סĲ
׿ϣͷһ㲻ɢ
ҡҲ⵽ϸ΢仯ú˫ֻϽ⿪̽΢½ﵽ
ʵźͿݷĸⰴ˰Žˣûǰ޲T˲ԼȻ֪ϧ
һֻץĴ裬ֽ⿪ϵͷ𣬼ЦͳƣҹƺЩ
ʲôҡ㶲طӦѿڶ㶼ûô֪Щ
˵㾪Լ˵˻շ̡
һЦǻ֮𶯡ҡǰ棬òˡ
Ȼ룬ұ㲻ˡ䣬ͷɵ½ǰܼȰһƷ
šҡҧŴ̲סһ/･ָ̲ס/ķ䡣
̲ס֡
̧ĴӦڡ˵⻰Ľ˼ڴϡ
ҡϣһ˫鸲ϣƵĿ⼤β죬Щʧء
Ĵ᣺Ʈ䣬ס˴ڵĴ顣ֻŮżļʹѹķھЩʲô
*
Ǽ伫Ϊµݣڰڷŵһѵһ䣬۵ĽǼƷľơҡױ̨ǰİۣһûһµͷ
괲ŷԼ̺ǵԺӣǽŋɸֲһڴϾ;øʣס˼ĵط
̤ڣӳıһױͼ΢ߵžеˡ
ţʲôȥˣҡдżֻδȫ˯ѵɳƣӣ˸٣׼ãһֻסӵ֡
һ֧ΪӳǰѰĵ⣬ȴѵö˼˼Ѱǻ֧࣬ȴǵ߷ɣͱš
ĺ·ʱɡ
ĶķҡüģЩɵĴλϹµİɡ
еķķУǰ俴ģұˡ
ҡⶢžӣѹĴǣԭֻżҡ
ÿôŤͷü۽ǽǴȻϲɫ̴⣬βȾɫᲨģʧɫɢķ¼˿м֮
ÿϸ廬۵գ΢ȡһ
ǺҡĶױ̨ϵС



239 
Һ¶
ҡ΢, һȻӨӨһƬ¶, ɫɷǺÿ, һɵ˱ǣĿ
Һ¶Ҳ˵ҩ, ҪŮޡŮӰΣҩЧ, յЧ۸ڽ¶֮ϡ
ǣҡ̧׿Լ˼, ȴһӡ
ü΢̧, Ҳ˵, ֻһ˫βбǴǰ, ⸱ģܺˣҡգգ, ޹һ, תױ̨ǰա
״֮ͻȻһ̣ӱԼϡҡͺһ, ֻǰһԼ㻻˸λá
װɵţ, һſ޷Ŵ, ˵ıǼѾһ, ȵϢ, Լ͸ż
ҡʶסĲ⻰۽һ㴽װɵˣ
ǳǳһȻܽ⣬Уһְֻĺԣ׾סĺ촽Žѵζĺݺݿ˱շתĥ
νСʤ»飬˸ھͱȷֿһϱǸɲһ΢ǹ߻Կסԭֻǵǣž˱˼
ҡعԼ½ɢһ΢΢ƫͷ˿ˣֻԼκ죬˫һͷ˿׹δ׹һ˲ߢģ

һ˫ź۹ĲϣʮָڶԷ˳ķ䣬ԺȻһͷ
ţŲһ·ϣסĶ䣬ȵϢеĶϣסһ
֧ϣסĲӳȻһЦĶ¶ɺã
лһ˿죬׹ָʲôƤһ򣬡С
Ȼ׼״Ӧԥľܾҡ.΢죬Ҫ뿪
ҪΣסϸֹĶΡ
ҡ̧°ͣ촽΢پӸµб˵أ
䲻Σ̧ա
ֻˣ¹ϣЦסĲӣ㷽ſеʲô
䱻УĵطҲûŹ
ĳһһֲֻɿ£޳Ĳһ·£Щͳɱڡ
˵ţͷȻֻë׵ĺµĿգ⸱ҡһʱĻ
ĵɴۣȫǰԺ˫ë׵ļǣԭȻ״̬µĺһֱֱģһƬ
ֻ߰ë׵ĺûһֲСǶëԱȱ𴦵ĸϸҡ̲ס
ǰȻһƺߣ֫͵ΪҪԼǶڡ
ûعһתɻشϣĿһ˫÷ӡ
㣬ʣĻڴ֮䣬ҡֻһǰһ˸ɾ
ѹϵ˽˺һӣ۽ǣƼ٣ż˿ϢǵҸո˵ôڡ
۾һƬɢһӿȵϢ
һ㲻֪ʱ֣𽥱ŨҡԾƿ뿪˭֪ϵĶһס˫֡
ǹǼ⣬ҡֻͣһ˿ʹ˵ֻ֡
䣬һַֻֿ˫ȣ롣ȻĶҡһ
Ժ䣬ǹǴӺɢġ
*
ҡǱѵģϻĴѹ
ʶ뵽˯ǰ£˲һڡ
һȻˣ
߷֮ʣһƬӰǰҡҲڲһת˸׶վڴǰˡ
Ⱥȿˮɤӡ
ڴǰһżֺա
ҡⱾɤָۣƵת˻
ʧɫĴ꣬΢ķԼϣ豭յιˮ
¶ǡõ軺ʹɵĺ·ɳĮѰҵˮԴޱȡҡ⽫һ˾бŽ§ڻеˣЩɳơ
ûʲô˵ģ
ղ豭һԵĽǼϣֽ̧ߵһҷƵ󣬲ŵһ֣
ҡ΢㶣Դת˰ŷӦǡ
ڵϢ
󲿷嶼зڣĹŵһʼδǣ桢鷱ܺҪʱڣڼɢϢḨϣڷܺáֻǿֻ뱻ġ޷Կصķڱѹȥ
ᵼ·ڿƲס㲻һ㣿
ѹ㲻ġûף˼ЦԴ
ǹģҡع۾ɵ۰ִԲ
棬ͷԭ£ҪײԺҪô
뵽֮ǰԼɤӷƣƴҲԸŹĲ״ҡյĿ֣
ҽ˷ǿȪҲƽˡ
ҡ⶯һ٣̧
΢ſ֡ҡƲƲ죬ΪѵסĲһ˱㱻𣬲ʱ͵Ȫء
ҪȥģҡȲĽȪأƫͷվڳرûˣʵ
ݸԭһ𣿡
һ˵ѵ㱧ҹԧԡûĺһ۵Щߡ
һЩ£ȻٹЦҡҡͷת뿪
ټһȪأһʱֻ֮ʣҡһˡ
ȪȪˢͷ춼·/ֱֱ˯ȥΰѼ䣬Ȼܾ֮ǰԼضһʱʧȥֻ֪꿴ˡ
뵽ҡɽ䣬Ȼ·ǸǺн¶ˡ
Ǹ꣬۸ʶʱѶƭˣ



240 
, ӰǱߴϢȻ뿪ĹӻڻȺæ֮ǰδü˵Ϣꡣ
ӹ, һĿʮп, ػΪһɢ
ӰħǱߣ̸ǸסüƬ, Ը
΢΢ףޱӦǣ
ӳڱӺѧһ, ʩʩȻǰλϣʵ
Ӻѧƽ̱Ϣ٤ħˣδ֪, ϵû뿪Ӻѧ粻˼Ĵ
λϵ˼ĵͷ, û˵, ֻΰֵġơ, һȴ·߬, ˱ѹ
ɻޣú, ſʵ
簵һƬ֮ǱţӰǱߴϢ, Ӧδõ
Ƴۻſ, һת, , ȥɡ
̲סŤͷſ, ЯȪٶȸû˵仰뿪ѵʲôҲ͸¶ܣ
֪ܿΪʲôˡ
һӰȵ߽ɫڲסˣʪ˿ҵɢڼ磬δʩƲߡ
ףǽɣ
Ŀ䵽ϣڻ䣬ֻñɨһâæױܿߣ磬ˡһ
˵ȶԷӦƨɰ㣬һܵûӰ
£ߵôæҡ⿴ʧķɻʡ
ţм£ϵ治ɫ˵Ϲװü΢ôͺˣ
ѽǲǽʧˡҡ££ϵ˿Ա֧Ц
ϵһ˿΢΢šüͳ
õ˿ϻһСˮ飬ˮ¸ڷµӨκ죬͸ļ̲סʳָ󶯡
Ҳɡҡðʪĳһ˫͸۾գҲգ
Ϣͷ˲ɣƫҪʪΪɡ
һۣεҡҡͷȴԾЦ⡣չһЦ̧̧°ͣ߰ɡ
ҡЯ뿪˻
*
صݣȻ˽Ϊʪĳҡױ̨ǰžͷˣü΢һ˫β̵Ӵʱȴ
˶δ˵ƳţֻнĦ˿ϸ΢ǳǳĺ֯һ𡣾ܰգҡ㱼ִ·ãûķţʲô¶ûˡ
֪˶ã½ӣ£Ѿ͸ڷ׿žˣˡ
ҡŤͷָȻһЦһ㡣
ɫһ԰յǰҡݺݵһڣЦе˵ոĲǽ
㽱Ҳδ̫ˡݸղɵ˿ԭһͷ˳ٵڷҡ
ҡ޷ÿҵ֣ЦЦбģӦ⣬ֻң
ûζģǶ²ȥ֣ӻ
ꣿԭ䰵ôҵģס֣Ц⣬˵ˣǳ꣬
뵽ǹ֮£ҡ.һЩҧ飬޳ܣ
˵һ˦䣬뿪ڡ
״΢εЦһ˳ȥ
ŋɸԴĬĶֲֻ֮ᣬһԽѾѰ°罺ᣬ塢󷨣żִƺż⡣
ʱţգۼһӱȥˡҡ⿴޿촫Ϣ󣬾֪ôŋɸȥˡ̾˿⼸վ׽ʵʱ⡣
ô벻źӣеĿ޷ˮ֮⡣
ҡ⿴ϼѾƾȥİӣƲƲɴཫϵӲңĵĿڣʳˡ
ˣһͽݽ췭ظ
ͷ۵ĸ塣۽΢Юźӵһ٣ӻ
ײʯĴ졣ȴ·Ŀڣзƺһ̾Ϣ
ҪȥĶҡ⽫ҵ˿˳۾һ˲˲Ķ˿ûйĨǵ˼
̧Ŀ⣬Ц㡣
£㶼̫ɵˣҡЦһȻȥɫ˵ûƭҡ
ûµĻҲ׽ôҵʲôҲܲʱ⡱
۾ɫĿԼӰúһЦ·ʲô̾ãƭ㣬Ҫȥ麣
ȥ麣ʲôҡԣԺͷ麣ʲô֪ڭδ¶ļλشܣӴ޼֮صڡ
ҪȥҪȥ
һڵĽߺȻҡǰδ浫һɳ콣עĿǽɫС㣬ɫ߸롣



241 
ҺһȥҡⶢŽ߿˰, Ȼתͷ˵
ԣһ˿ɫҲľܾؾ, 麣Ҳ, ǽߵĸӦԽԽǿңҲѡڴʱ麣
ҡⲢδҡ۾޼֮صھڶ麣, ʹ㲻ȥЩʱҲҪȥһˡ
׽粼ľ, ʱ߿˸Ƕֹ, һ˵һ߽Ͻҵӷּս, ʼղ졣
ָ޳𪣬ǽڷӵĶ˵, ·ûʲôܴĽֻ࣬żĿ΢й¶һЩ
ҵķ/Ѿأ, 񻹲ʱβʱ򡣡ҡⴹ׿Ķ, ȻµԼҪʲô´ϷûǶԸʱ
ʰ, ̧ͷ, Ŀżָ, ĿкԻͳɣڼǰҾͶȥ麣ߵһȴ˷򡣡
ҡⲻ΢˫ΪҪ򣿡
΢ĿԶڿ˼κſõĴһ·ܾʲôǲȥңź
ҵ𣿡
ҵˡЦĿе޷ݡȻһЦԣ˲ʧ
ҡ⼸ҪЦķ·ˮڡͣ˵ʲôֻգգҵˣɲҪֽ£εպá粽롣
üģЦβУҲްܻ˵麣ҲҪȥ
ҡԣһȴɵ˵ҾԼӦòڶ麣
һı󶯣εĲ
˶ãһ˲˲ĿģлϲΣԻΪһ̾Ϣ˶麣Ҫҵġ
áҡӦʹ죬ﰵ뵽˶麣˭˭ĻһϾ麣Сѻڶ麣˵æ
*
뿪ŋɸŷۡ۳ԼɣߣиյĴգڿˣ֮ǰҡ˻ҡɽҪСһЩҷ۵صٶȣԼƷʯȫɻҪϼ֣ҡĸʱܵޡ
޵ഫ󶼻δУ˵޵޵Ŀ޴շи·Ȼࡣ
һ·ȥҴҵʿĪѹֻްؼ䡣
Ȼ޺Ͳݳ£ҲӰ첻Сҡڼ۵ķ͸С⿴ɸп
Ҷɵӣȥҳӵ׽硣ڣĽӹ
ͲżҡŤͷһǿ壬ıս岻ܱܿ
żüһĽԼϵףּɣĲ˵ѹĲħ壬塣
ҡգգۣɲǼ˼Ϲʱ˳׽磬ŪһʮʥλľʥԶʱһֱΨհ֮ԪˣСȴһԾΪϴڴǰϴˣòȵϴλþ͸ˡ
ڲ̣ڲޣһֶ£ĵֱ̣ӰˣڵĲ޿˵ҳһࡣ
ɽۻͲĶ֣ɱѾ
Ȼûʶ֣ôȥʵ²ȵ߳ƵԶҪ
΢ƺ䣬Ƭ̺ſָѾԶţʱѾȥˡ
ҡ˼ĵͷһ֦㲢Ǻ£Ĺʱ壬ʹʮλֶͨ쳹صڣҲӲ˥ˣԶŵ֮ʵҲڵ壬һѹ޷Ϣ־Ʋڴǧķչ
ν䣬ǿҲʢ˥ΪάƽĴ׽㶦໥ƺ⣬žһҶĿܡ
ԶǿսѾƽ˰꣬ĻҲӭһ󱬷
ħ£֪٣ҡعĿдź档
ɫ΢̧ߣָħѪϴҶ۵¡
һССĹҶۣħôƫƫ֣
ҡۺ⣬ҶǸɣŵµıӺѧܱӺѧϽӣħѪϴҶۣӺѧȻӲ˵Ӻѧĵ˹룬ƽ̶ˡ
³ħ⣬ŵ۶ҡҡͷ˵꿴ƵĿ⣬ֻβ䣬ҵõħƺʲô
ҶҡüһԭΪռ̣ŲŲλãյߣξħôѵҲ֪飿
ħ̫ŵĿڴ䶼ɳξǰξħӦûòҲ֪ʱξͳ˵ʲôڴǣҲ֪ȥ
¼Ϊأֻħϵʸ֪۾ԼĿڷ·ëᲦģ䲻˼Ĵ
Ȼξҡ۽üЦ⣬ȻոյķӦʮԵãһȱ̻ĸӵľֹǣ̲̫ס
عεͷɴȫ˵ħҪҵĶξй²⣬Ӧɻǹء
ħɻǹҡһͷҵֶˡ
޲TɻǹʧˣһֱѪħʴħţβѰɻǹ䡣
ɻǹպյɱ޲Tδʥֻһһǹ֮ɫ䣬Ϊɱ񡱡һħĳɵɲɱ֮ʿ֮͡
һɻǹӦɻǹйأɫżȻУξ˵һڵħڹҶ۸һɼǿɱ֮±ħֺħǰ̽Ҳ֪ˡ
ҡšü˵Ȼ¶һ˿
ôˣ
䣬ʲôݺݵײۣƷҲһ㿪˳ġҲΪԾһΣҡֱӹ
ûһϤĺ
໣ڴүҵˣһŶǵԴӴյСһȴΪԴ̫סˡ
ҡ⿴űСεԴǺЦָŴſڣ
Ƭ̺һӰӴſڳ˽Ҫ˵ϡǰ˸ߵϬھ˻дԼߣҲ޷ֻͽ͵ԭ̤
Լȥʰɾҡšüëһ縡ȮĴڣһѾ˵
˵꣬ȻɫѾڵС
ȻȻүһʰɾ
֧䣬ƺĶҡ⸣ţ֪һϢڵ۵ķ
ִʲôˣ
͵һᣬձܿһħơ
һɣֻӳһȵħƺۻĲݡ
ҡһۣɴ˷ۣնֱȻϮ۵ħ޷ĴڴѾΪƴķеҽ׹䣬ҡһ̣ӽ
ֻϬǸ۹ħ״ɫ䣬ˡ



242 
֪ǣҡü, ̲סѯԵ, ҡҡͷʾԼҲ֪ǰλȻֵħĸ
ǺħȴǸԵԸֻ
˵кȻһħ, ħᦸһóйɷ֮˷ӣ˲ܲɭɭħ˰Χ
Ѫħ, ѪħϳħеĶŲ³˺ħݡ
Ѫħֻޱһħᦣʱħӿצĳȥ
Щħ඼нʿĻ, ˡħУѪħᦺĨȥʶֻħ˿ơֻħӤڵħý, ɰǧֻħӤڵħЩ׳ˡҡۼ, ʿԶԶڴ󲿶Ӻ
Ҳֽӡճһֻɫ, Щħȥ, ԱߵǲԼͬʹܿħķͨ
ءȡ䡢ˣ
ԻΪӲӵʵ壬ܵħȥ̫Ǵǿʩչͬ, һصĽָΪʵ, ħֻմһ, ˮ͹ȡһЩںħǰҴܡ
ͨ Ѫħ˫ĿΪ죬ħᦳһָһɼ˵꣬Ҫϳ
ʱҡȻóһ׹һֻοͼɫСָ󣬲ﲢûоס걻ʹ߶ʢһֻܸ֪ࡰѹסħ𵴵ꡣ
긴λҡкէ˫ֺ£Ƭ̺һֻλзɳܻδɢħȥ
ֻɷٵɵĻҡзɳԽԽ˫ȶ䣬ΧħδӦͱͳͳΪҽ
ЩħȻٵ𣬵һǿҵΣƾ豾ȿֺħӡҡɵĻصչֻдڵꡣ
һߣóһ֦֦֣ɫʵѪܰϸС״·ǣ֦ϻƬƵҶִ֦Ƶ֦Ʈħֱ䵽Ѫħϡ
Ѫħᦷ·տˮ˲գۼħϱճһȭͷĶԭѪɷ֮ݵħ˲ήȥ
ѪħĿ˼ּɵ̽תĿȶԸһǱһĿѡһֻڵ걻ٵյֻʣ顣
ٵδһսǵƺָʶѪħᦵ˲ӵӰ١
Լħ𣬶ħĿƼһȻҲٵѪħŭħǿٻħ
һԵ״Ҳţֳǽ֦ħָȥħƮȥѪħħҲ˲գֱӽħ
ٵĴɹħᦵĿƣʧ໹δħߵħãȻĴƮҡķٵȫճɻҷɡ
ѪħԣȡһѪɫĺ«
һеѪ«ɫһ˿ɫҡ󣬳ģ
Ѫħ³һھѪѪ«ϣѪ«ʱ⣬һɱ֮ǰҪŨٱѪɷ֮ʱؼ䣬ձѪɫΧľѪɷ֮Ӱ죬ҶȫΪɫ
Ѫ«һ㣬«ڳˣһǿ˲佫«
Ĳҡ˵˾仰ףûз㣬һ«ڡ
*
Ѫ«ڵվһƬҶϣѪ«γɵĿռУΧѪɷ֮ɵĺѪɷ֮ɵããѪ˽µҶɢӨӨ̹⣬ΧѪɷ֮⡣
ʲôҡոպֻ˵ҡϡͿ˺«
Ѫɷ֮Ũ㲻ʱһҲӰǣصֻ֪ɱ¾ķӡ
óոǽ֦ѪɷУſڽ͵֪ħ֮׵Ѫɲޣ
ǽص֦һ«ѪɷƽˮȻΣһһú«ռѪӿƯϷҶһҶ۰ҡҰڣ·ʱҪѪɷС
ȥĶʲôҡⱻڻŲǽز֦ѪɷŲƮһ㵭š
ǽ֦䳤ˣ
޲Tߵɱ¾֮ѪɲΪµһħȻҲߵͬһѪɲ޵ɱ¾֮ħ治ͬѪ«ı
ҡۣ֧°¶״ûǴѪɲ޺ˡ
Ѫɲ츳ˣĵ޲T֮ϡˣִ壬ԴȻԼǿҲ֪޲Tθ롣
˵䣬Ѫɷǽ֦ԽԽ󣬴Ӽ߳һɡ¶Ѫɸߡ֦ϵġѪܡҲԽԽܣ֦ѪܡһּΪаѪɫ
ѪѪ˿ӿĲˣѪ«ĿռٶȰ
ǣҡԾѪɷǿšѪȻܻѪɷ֮Ϊãո֦Ѫħᦵĳ
׿ѪɷѪ˵ѪɲδعħԨħ׹ȪɣȪﳤһ֦Ǵǿġ
Ȫɣҡ΢΢üȪ֪תıؾ֮ӣ˼˵ǿѪɲޡ
ѵħһڻȪɵʲô
û뵽ѪħȻˣ¶Ź֮ɫʶеٻ૵ѪħѪɲ޵ĴУԭǵõѪ«
ҡмֺͿɫЩӣܿĻ
Ѿ˯ȻͲðˡҡҡͷźĿżɫ
Ҫʲô
û˵ֱֱ׹ѪɷУˮʱһ𶯣ܿ㱻Ѫѹ¡
޸Ⱥ׳ѪɷŽԼľٶ
ҡ͵Ťͷһɵ˵㲻޲Tɣ֪ôħܣѾ˼Ҫ޸
ԭ޴ֻҪϴȥɡ̿ȻΪһ£ĺá
ŵµããѪҡü΢˼ǣѪ޸ܽϴȥ
һֻ̾Ǵ룬Ҳ޷ȷȫԤķߡ
˵ţռȻʼҡߵβǵѪɷԭ򣬶ҡѪ«
«ռΪҡѪɷֿʼӿ޾ΣѪУѪʼûеת
Ѫ̧̧֣Ѫؿʼԭ¶ֻɸߣܿʹǰסҡֱվѪϣѪ
ҡ۾ҪɳۣȻô棿
ΧѪɷ֮۵ĺֵѪΧѪɷ֮޷Ӱ쵽ˣҲ֪ǲѪá
ǲǰ֪Ѫħģҡ򴽣̧ͷ֮ˣѪ«ȪɵѪɲޡǰһ˳
һЦѵ룬㣬ֻϬҲͲѪħǰ
ҡһ㶣ôˣʱɹ˭ŻɣʱΪǸþƻħֿʼĸ
֦ҲõãȻҪսһأƺ뷨ü䴽ǳЦȷʵҲմ
Ȼҡع񣬶ֺ˵ĺûȫ̽ա
˵䣬ѪѾˣܿϷããһȱڡ
˲ٽ̸ǵ϶гͨķ˳ȥ
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ȴ˵ѪħѪ«ˣһ·򶫼ۡҡѪħභ˿ǲҿսԶԶľѪħһ뿪ʱ۷׷ס
λħʲôͷӺ͹ץ
ħǷ𣿹컯վ͸ף
ǿħôǲЩ죿
˻ѪħǱչһǧ𣬾Ȼˣ
ֲøҶӣ϶Ѫħճأʶ˲Ŷֵġ
Ǹӵĺ«ʲôͷôδ˵
ȥѪħ֪飬ǱҲսħӼˡ
صһѾǶ
媣Ѫħź«ޱĶˣʲô
ΪھӣأҲУǲ˹Ц
ѪħףһϻͲ˵ˣлֱ˵ɡ
ħµЦĶԭõѪħĺ«
ΧһʱѪħ«𣬡Ϊ˴£
ҪᣬʵǴħǰħѪƵæ͵
Ѫħ壬ȻѪħ壿Ѫħдһ˿Ȼֲãԭ˵͵ġ
ħЦһ٤Ү޸ãѪħ壬Ϊħ
媣ĪΪҸճʲôѪħת򶴸ȥ߰ɣҲħ
Ȼɫ䣬ҴæȡѪ«ֻ«ӿʢ֪ʱ«ڵӿһСڣ˴Ӻ«



243 
ߣ
ҡմӺ«, δüȫ, ͱסǰһֻƬ̺һ󡰺¡
̶̼Ϣ, һöռݳǧ⣬ͣºҡʱķӳȥʲô
ס˷䣬һ, ȫոջڴæ·
ףҡƤһȻǶףһҲԲʱյò, ֻ
Һ񿴼Ѫħ⣬վһˡգգۣ۾һ˲˲Ķ, ûп, ǿӵһϵġ
ûһħ
ħ, Ǹħҡü, ǵ媵Ů٤ҶģۺҲ̥ܶ
Ҳ֪ϵĶû
, ѾͶħɫ̹Ȼĵͷ, ¶˼, ϢҲǸյ֪ġ
ҡһȻѪħ϶ֽţ
Ȼ˶ں«Ϊʲô˽⣿Ӻ«˳뿪ڼϳħ׳ף뿪·ߣ˲Ϣɡ
û˵ֻȡѪ«Ӻ«ȡһͷ˿ϸġߡ
˿ԣʱѪħĺ«Ҳˣҡһ˼ĿĶ˵ôܽѪħԭڴ«⣡
á˿ʱʱһ«һߣǽƻĺꡣ
߰ɣѪƿ׷ˡü΢ҡֱһö˲ɲǼֽǴǧ⡣
˼η˲ƣڰ˼߿Ѫħ
ѪƾȻû£ҡⲻɿȤǿףӦöħк˰ɡ
ЦЦƺ⡣
ҡֱǿЩʲôҲûһζɰʵףֻΪħ־ԽĴ
ڴүܳˣڱڰգ֫ߣҲ̫ûˣү챻Ѭˣ
˵ϻôǵѪħҡڵϣ֣Աһѩ׵ӡ
ڿӹĽֲֲڵϴۼⷬôվŵ޶ԣֻſڵŸոյ꣬ߵ֪ΪҪ׷ү
ҡüһɵĿĲ֪飿
үҲ֪ΪʲôҪ׷ҡڵغߺǰһίģ
߰ɡƳۺĴڣлһ˿ɫδԣֻȡҡ
ſڵϵĴķſǰıӰ۾¶ֽ䱸;⡣
ѾϷۣϾҪ뿪˵ءæ׷ȥȵڴүѽ
ʰɾͲˡ
һӷϴĻĴڴϣں޺ԭض˶ţòʩ˸ԼѾôëɾſѾԶȥķۡ
㣡ȵȱү
*
Ѫħҡһ·޾յĵ޵ľŻĶ麣
麣Ȼˡ
ǰƽһˮĶ麣ҡü麣ˮˡȻ׻ǺqqһƬһˮˮˮμεΪ׳ִۣżаԡ
ǵôǰ麣ˮڵⶼ͸ȥģڰ׷ȴӹ졣
麣Ͽջһֻ񶼿һ㵹ǰһģһ
Ϊǳ䣬ö麣˱仯ҡⲻ麣ƫһ纱˼ʹ˱仯Ҳϱ֣Զ麣ʲô֪
ȡ׹ۣͶˮСˮѸ³Ұ׹ǲϱˮʴһ³һ߸ʴʱһҰ׹ۻδˮ򣬾ȻѾˮܽһɶ
׹۹ȻѾûˡ̾˿в⣬ƺϵ
ҡԭڰ׹۱֮ܽУԲʵ㻹ʲôӣ
Ļƺг
ûڣĴڲʼįĲѪ«Ǻñ͹ˡ
˻һۣŵԭЩ鷳Ȼ˺«ӭжˡ
óѪ«麣Уֻмߴĺ«Ȼ󣬺ˮԼɳݼվؼǣ«麣вδˮʴȻˮƮ
һУޱĶŴڣ㣬
ŶͲҪˡҡź«ϵλãҲͬĻ
ڵȫëҪըˣ嵽ҡűߣ˵ҽС磬̫ˣڴүҲ
δ˵ͱһֱֻ
ҡһЦԷǵĽӹһԾɵںĺ«ϡ



244 
һ, ֻ϶˿ڰ㽫ѳ롣Ķ麣ֻݡ
һֻмɸߵѪɫ«Ʈڶ麣֮, «վˣǺ«ƶٶȿƲ죬գۼ͵˰⡣
ں«һƬʱ, «ϵ˶Լͬһ, ·Ȼһ磬ΧĿмճ, ˻ڡ
Ȼ䷢ı仯ʱֹͣ˽̸, ߾۲ܵĶ
ƽĺȻǧ, ֻ⺣ƺһƬʱ, ޷嵽ǰ, ӿ֮ϺܿӰ
ǡϳ˭ҡͫ΢ѿڶ
ȻǼʥأڶ麣ʲô
Ǻ¥Ϊ侲ͷжߡ
˵ǶͻȻ, Ͷʧɫ, Ƭ򼸺Ҫ˵Ƭ̺󣬼ʥ˵˾ʲô, ˱ߴȥ
ֱ뿪, 麣Ͼĺ˻δƽ
Ǻʱ£ҡüͷ¶˼֮ɫ
ź¥ӿ˳, ü΢, ǽڷ֮¡
ҡⲢδż, ˳ȥƬ̺¶򡣺¥еղδ϶Ҳ˵ʥ˳ڶ麣ʱٷؾ֮ǰ
麣䣬Ƿйأ
κ󣬰еĺ¥ɢ̿»ָ壬ǹճ֮Ҳʧ
麣ǰֹ¥ôⳡ¥ֵЩĪҡһͷˮת
䣬ҡҡͷδţʹҲĿá
ҡ˼΢΢ףһ˽˶麣ڶ麣նе֮Ҳʹ˺¥Ҳлᱻ֡
벻ͨ¥£ɴ´£ҪȥĵطüĿô
ǰһ޼ʵĺ¶ɫ̹Ȼ
ǲȻ߻ҡЩεĽ˵
麣ôĿĵƮҪҵ£ܲҵͷϧ麣̫ٴ󣬶ڶ麣˵ҲǺеһˮ
ţȻ̧ʣ¶־ɫͬʱǹϤճ֮½١
ҡⷴӦѸٵĻعͷֻԶĺϿ³˺¥
εĺ¥ûˣֻһ餴麣֮Сǹˮ֮ʣĻȻ¼ɫ׹⣬ҪڹϣˮҲһĻֹ餽麣
ʱһֻԪƳ֣ס׹⡣ֻ쳣ƯʮָհСаףһŮӵ֡
׹ⱻƺŭգִʮȸոջҪֵ׵磬ֻǶ赭дĽ»⡣
裬պȻû˶ƺѾƺƶšƬ̺ճһڶһƥƵ׹⻺١׹֣¥Ƭض
¥˼׹⣬¶֮ɫ
ȻǶסҡⲻԾ૵û뵽ö׶ԸȼǴΣ׽羹Ȼֹ׵ټ
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Ļкڶ£󳹵ʧ
׽˫ƺҲԪʱҪɢ˫麣ĹĻĻ飬Ĺ˳麣У뺣ס
һУԪɢ
ҡ⿴ź¥зһУü˫ֵӦǡ
ʥ
ʹԴпժΪʯֽ˿ĴУǶԼʥֶξ̾ѣǲ
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ǹ֮У᲻ۣп꼧ʥֶΣҡ뵽麣Ĺ餡
ɣʥ۹ϵУ餺пܾ۵ġȻ𵱳ʥ޲Tڶ麣·й˼ɣ۵Ĺڴˣʥľٶͺýˡ
ڶ麣֣˹˵徻
ֻҡֵǣڶ麣ΪʲôֹѵΪ۵ݣûǣλ۵ݺпһǧ񡪡۵Ķӡ
ĻһԵع˵µòǹеȷۡ
ţ֪ҡ£Ŀ
˭֪û˵ƺڸӦЩʲôúȻҴ֪Ҫȥδˣ
ҡ״΢תܿ㷴Ӧйأ
߰ɡͷûжԣִֻ֣º«ɿĳƮȥ
*
¥ûٳֹתת䣬ҡⷢԽԽԼƬ
ʱԨ̶̶ͨŶ麣ϡͿ̶о麣ɴ˻ʶ˱޾
ǵĺһطȥûȥɡʱǸطʮֺ棬ֻΪߣĸûплᣬȥ̽Ѱһ
ҡ⽫ľ˭֪¶ɫ
˵ĵطҪҵĵط



245 
ȴ˵û׷ҡ˵Ѫħǻŭص, ħڶǰûȥ׻Уʱڵ, ֻϴķ¶ˣʮǱ
ħ׽٣׷ħ˺ڷ֮ͨ, ħܼʱ, ƿأʵʶЩ, ֻȫ
ֶֻ֮ħ˵ܴ, 䰵ĻС
Ѫħֶ, ЦСڶ, Ѫ«û׷ɡ
Ѫħŭ, ⻰Ŀѣ˫죬йһȭɽϣŪһƬǽĶʧ, һ֮¡¡һɽ𱻺顣
һʱʯҷ, صħӿ
ЦѪħ˲Ǵ󼸱Ϻɫ˫ۼ, , ͷֻѪɫħǷɭ亮⣬ӿһ㵭Ѫ, ħ, Զħ١
, Ѫƣ׿ܵġ
ħФ壬Զν˶Ѫƣοڻɫ԰ס˿ûбˣվѪĿ⡣
СгΪҲ֪飿Ѫħ֮׷ǳȥġ
ĬĬţħȰ󿪿ڣƾ¼ҹˣҪѪ«޿ܡ
ȥħ
Ѫ˿˵͵ĻᣬסĻЩѻƭƭͽħ壬Щ߽ħȴ֪ѪħѪɲ޲ԶŴսϣǱħӺġѪħһ޿ܼ뺦Ѫħħ
ħͷʹľѪƵ̣ǿѹŭ⣬ЭãħǶھӣܲðɡ
ʲôѪħüͷЩɶ
²媴ʱԽ˹ӣһתʵץֻϬô£
Ѫ´ۣ媣ѱ˵ɵӣϢҹҶ֮£˵һֻϬ¡
ħĿһȻ˶ΪճأҲ㱻ƭ˹Ҷ֮ҿԸ㣬ǵĺйء
ܣü˵㣬ȥҵѪ룿
ѪħתѾΪĶκʧʮϢһʮɸߵɽ𣬷ھַϣżѪħᦣħӿ˳Щħ˾ְ㹤һªĶˡ
ɡŪúѪħһۣ˽ȥ
Ŀ΢˷Ų鸡ĸ
˶ڣѪħֱ˵ʣħʲô
ɻǹйءصĸɬ¡Ѫǰɫģһ·Ѫӡһ·Щˡ
Ѫħ޶ãɻǹ֣ͭ۾һâɻǹôˣ
ɨܣ˸磬ֱ
Ƭ̺ѪЦֲħҪңԼεºܵλħء
²ħ£ħĴ£Ѫúÿǰɡ
ѪĿ˸Ĭã󻺻ͷ:һῼǣպ𸴡
һ룬ħ˿뵽֮ǰĻ˳ʵͷϬǲҲøˡ
ڿɻǵ𣿡
Ѫħɱڿɫ΢䣬ܿ㷴ӦֻϬڿйأ
Ѫһ⣬ֻϬڿ
ôܣħ¶ŵɫڿԶսɱɢתĻᶼûˣֻϬôڿ
ؼһֻϬ䣿Ѫħ媣һһ˵ۣͨϲ컯Ƭ
ͨϬӲۡ
ΧһͣκŴħȷ컯Ƭ
ȗǸ̸СҪࡣ
ħ۾һ˲˲ĶĿдž裺Ȼͳˡ
ҽϢ㣬ѵ⣿
⣿֮ȥħȻ»ȣ侲
ѪħڸֳһЦ⣬¶ЦЦ沿鴤úܣȻǺڱôһι֣
Ͳҽ¸ħ
Ǻǣħ׶Ȳ
ã¾ǵ˽º
ħѪħ̸׺뿪֮ѪƺȻ˵ôã
Ѫħ˷չأ治١һתŮȻ𣬽ŴӶ߽һλźµŮӡ
Ů£жŹɵ⣬һɵɢǰ㹴˸ǻ͡
ҡڳػϳħǵ뿪ɽׯԻ͵Ϯλħħ
ѪƸողűСŮ⻰޸Ʒ̣ޱĶû뵽ѪƶҲֵһ죬ħν£
ħ֣֮ħȻǴħԨģħˡħɵġħΪˡ岻ܣħҲΪȹϵԺħе⡣
ħ徭ʤ̭츳ħʤһĺħǻħʳণħΪһǧʮΪħʣλħʸ̨
ǰȻкҪħǺħЦһ˿۸ѪħţΧĿ
ѪħϧĳֻҪԼϵ֣һȵʲô˵ٶֱ㣡
ǺŮӴԼǵһһûСɵӣĺ촽סô˵



246 
, ŻĶ麣
ҡԼ·ڱѩ, 궼Ҫˡ, ȴֻǰһƬĥʹһ˿
ʶ𽥻Ժҵļһ, ͷʹѡ
جج֮, Ȼһ
ˡ
, ǰҡ۵ԴӵģļӰ
վǰŮ, Ŀд֮ɫû뵽̶̰Ѿˡ
뵱Ĺ, ǰŮԹ֮ɢһֿ䵭
ǰڴˣ
ҡһ˵һ߲ɫĴܣӦûǶ麣ʱһˮΪϣҹ齫ùʶĿ, ޷Ĺ
Ϊ麣鷴ʵ, ƺż⡣
ҡ΢΢³üĲԾš, ֪ǰɷ񻹼ˣͬһġ
ǵõʱԼںͺ̸۹ڵĵط, Ȼܾ, һָֻ׸Ǵˮĸǰ
ֻˮĸͨ͸ɡɫϼĻƣسϸָֻܴ֡׸ǴȴɢĹž޵ĿɲѹѹƵöáЩǷɿ쳤˲佫ס
ţͲǵ֮ʲô
ɡŮӿһۣתǰĽߡ
Щر𣬴ڱǶҹյά֣ǰϵȴػУвǵƮ
Щǵ㣬ҡ֪ڶ麣λˣȥĵطͺҲҪ
ˣȡͬĽ䣬Ͻָȴȫ޷֪ټ
ͬĽ侹Ȼ֪̫ˣҡͷͻͻֱмֲõԤСʣֻˮĸʲôͷΪʲôҪץǣôԼΪλ
ǻɻͲ߽ЩǵͬȪһ㣬˺޲Զ
ǵĳҡ뵽ԴʯֵЩâһһ˼ЩǵԴâĹϵ
Լ˰㣬ʧǰĳȴ⡣ǻĻж죬ǡǡ෴ǰǸһģһƺ˰ȴԭ̤
ҡʶ󿴣ĻεϸСǵ
Ƿһߡ
ʱ񲻻
ǰعͷԴȵ˵û뵽ôͷˣֻ˵һ롣
˵½ݣߵһݺȻͣ£ڰһָ·𱻴磬ȦȦҲ˱仯
ԼһɵĹ餾ķڴУ餵ĲЩر˸о̲һɼǿ
餲δϹ׸ǣĿŵˡ
еˣҡֻáˡһԺеǸһӱϣ˲ʲôҲ벻عѾǰ
ʧٵؿϲһѷĽߣڲ϶ƺھһĽ
ֻһǲν磬Χַȵڣʲô餺
һУ·ǳʵĻ
ԣǻþڲͬʱգҡʱָ侲͵ػعͷĿĿ飬ѹʱȫ
һ˿ʣ׵һ鱻ʱ䷨ʱƬ˵ҡɫһ䣬ģδ䡣
ҡ߳˵̨ϣʧĹ餺͹е³ڴڡ
۾һ˲˲Ŵеˣһǰң˺£
ΪʲôӦѵ֮ǰĲ²Ǵģ
ôˣ
һϸ˶ҡѭȥһָֻ׸ǴˮĸӽƮ˹
Ǹߵˮĸ
δŪ״ҡеֽճȭŬסֵĳ嶯ĴһֱߣĿ̴̵ֱĿˮĸ
˵оϲ·ûע⵽ɫԳֵˮĸ˵
ֻˮĸɡͷҡ⣬Ȼû۾ҡԼϡƬ̺ˮĸɡѳһӣ³ݡ
ԭ̶ƮҡĹвǴײʱѾܽ˰
ˮĸһԲݺνڣҲƮ˽ȥ
ˮĸ˳ͨ絽һƬʱգҡʱݵãæǰ硣һΣȻʵĹ餺
ڹУɫ԰ףϢޣؿڵĽ׼ȷĴಿλ
ҡ˾ؿһ߽ͣȴ¡
ھѽ꣬ҲҪ֡
䣬ߺȻ𶯣һѪӽϱŽ߷һԽȴ·ܴ͸ʱգ⡣
̹⣬ԴԴϵӿڣΪ긴ʧ
Ž߲𶯣ϵħ澫Ѫ˳˿Ŀڡ״ޱıƳԼһαԴѪһָǵľԴƮؿڡ
ľԴһ룬𶯵øӾңѪⲻϽɫ԰ףҡѾ
ʱһһȥϵĺɫϰ䣬¶µĽƣܲסߴѹֳ塣ˣıҲ᧿ΣѵıԵ
̫꣬ҡ۾ĶŹеˣ״Ҳ˲ֱӽС̫



247 
ٳĻд, еĺǰѲϲĽ, һŵĹֽ, ໣ǡ
˵һ룬ͻأı죬·ʲôɵ
ҡû˵̫걧֮, ̫, ֪ʲô𣿡
̫Ƴڹ֪, ޺޵˵֪
˵ڹڵĿλãд, һָһעˮˮһŵĺû, һˮһֹƯǳɫ
ڵˮ·ӳһƬ貵ɫǿգϿǾۼһǺаĽɫˮСеǳǵ㲻ӿԲѵڣۿɼٶȿʼָ
ߣƽʱţҪСүҵϴˮ̫۵ļͷԼıԴ֮, ˮ, ߺߵСֹ
ֹȻ󣬵ڳ˶ǶĿ֮, ĸĻĻһԴشЦ, ҡһ, ʡԼǲ̫ûע̫꾹Ȼѧˡ
ǸԱֲ֧Ĵڡ
ɷϣ̫ʹôһΧЩ⡣ҡⲻɫƳֻˮĸǵ鿴ʲô
ߵ𶯿ʼ̫͹餵˫رϣҲõơ
һжõķչ
ҡ˿ʱںϵĽߺıһĿ⣬ڶڴĿİ׹֮Уڳ˶̲סۡ
ɢǿ˭Ҳҷų̽ʱҡȻ׹·һֻֽĲ
ֲ̿ľ˲˼ûаԥ餣Ҫ߽ߡǵŸʱյķâֹ˿ҡ⻹δ餱㱻ˣ¶ļϸ˿ڣһ˫˿ɼǡ
ľٶæֹҪ
һԵˮĸʼʩֳҪ롣
Ȼҡվڹԣʱǡǽⱬ֮ʣˮĸ±ԣǰһɼ䣬㱻ҡץסʱ˽߲ͨ˲Ľ⣬˫ס
ǿ̣Ȼһ㲻ԾԼоϢ
ǰѽʧ׹Ҳɢͷһֻڳ˻Ϊԭε̫ʲôûС
ҡɫ৵һ±òҰף˫ĿãȻĹˣʵֻʣɭɭ׹ǵ˫ֽν뽣Ħġ֨
ˣ鿴Ľһ⡣
ҡػع񣬽ѾɵİɫĽڵϣڵص塣ʱԡѪϵѪѾһСϪŽİ׹ֻ΢΢
λĴ㵽ڻԸ͸¶𣿡
κŽӵϻһϮ±ѪȾɺɫϵѪ˳ŽϵѪݻϡ
˽ͬѰҰɣ֣ǿҡɫѿοҵ飬ԻΪ
ħ鸲ڽϣջѽᱻħ־ʴħմ˽绢ֽϣġ
һû֮ǰڵĻҡŽֺһͣ˵˾ĪĻ
鲢δע⵽ĶͷǸ֮Ϊ֮ǰǸ㡯ġ
ҡһӣҲ˵Ǹ¿ߴˣû׽ǰԼеĻǡع飬Ϊ˲Ǹǣʥʩչͨһʧȥ֮ġ
ֲԼһֱĪϤУԭס˼ʮĻǣʹϤҲϤ
֮壬ֹȻ󷽡˷ֻʧһƤңȴڰħͬʱõһ߸õƤң
ǣҡǹһĨڽȺɾ־йҲ˵Ļм棬˶٣ȱݾʮԡ
˵򲻵һΪ֮Ҳ޷ԭƤҡͻƵġϡڣ϶Ҫ󼫸ߣܺҪĿܼޡ
⼸൱ڶϾ֮·ٺõʴעֻͣ𾳣ʲôã
ѽҡ˵䣬ֻĴָˮĸƮǰƥĴǾҪߡ
ҡɫĿˮĸûз˭ˮĸĴǻδǽ͵һһԽŴҡ룬һǰȥ
ڳ˽ɫһ䣬ˮĸٶ죬죬Ҫ׷ϷɶݵĽǽٶȼ죬գ۱㲻ټ
ˮĸ׷˹ȥҲʧڴС
ҡ⿴ʧĽˮĸ򴽱Ϊԭε̫꣬ǳɫ볳ֻʣ׹ǵƿʼѪ⣬Ϣһ˫ͤ޳Ө׵³֡
ţǽһתϵЩǵĽգۼ¶ļӤ㣬֬
Щƺ˲٣ҡ⻳һ
ǰ뿪˵أҡⱧ̫꣬šü˼ա
ֻһʱ޷ֻʧδһӣзȦȦչǰϻС
߽УĿһĬĬʹڸеĴڡ
һδȫ͵Сޱв֪ʱһɫĽС⣬˭Ҳ֪γֵģ޴Ӹ֪ټ
ǱǶϵΧĻ˱ᣬγһյشϵһŰԼܿһŵĺӰ



248 
麣Ͽ, ֺһһ״ķܶ麣Ӱ죬ƽȵںշС
Ǽзվ, һһף졣еŮԴ, Ϊ, һλŮݾ, йɼΪرϣʹ߷ˣΪ䲻ŮӣһԪ̶Ȳ
һ·޻, ĪЩѹ֡
˵, 㽫ȽƵǰˡŮӺȻڴƳĬ
ҡ΢㶣ӦȽӦǹȼ֣΢΢תӦǰ, Ҳ
죬, ԵЩ䵭
ҵҶ, û뵽ֱӽȽҲˮˡȥ⡣
ҡɫŶ麣ûнӻ, ƺԼ
ѵȼҵķ, ֪鲻, δ̬, иҸ㣬ΪԼǿ
ǡҡ΢תͷһۡ
Цһãã⽥֪麣̫žʹ𣿡
šδ֮ʣ麣ѾڣʱƮڻеһƬСˮݡ
Ƽڶ麣֮ǰѾڡ鿴ҡ⣬һ˫ӷ·̲޾Ǻ
ҡһƼѵֻˮĸ̫֮ǰǾǲ硣
ðǰʲôϵ
üᶯ΢΢ûش𣬡Ҵǰסͥ
ͥҡޱƹж˻׽磿
޼˼Ƭ̣ζ˵޼֮صв١
ҡü΢šȻ֪޼֮вˣսϡ̫ϡԯ϶һǧµҴߣֹ塣
벻ͨǣսϡ̫ϵȼ屻ء޼֮أͥƺƣ׽ж
ʲô˵Щʲô⣿
̽һ˫۾ӷ·ܿһСҡĶȻһ𣬼Ϊǰλعٿ۾ȴԵüΪƽ黹飬·ոֻۡ
ұ㵽߰ɡĿδڵ
ҡ̧ȥԭѾ˶麣
лǰɫĴ鼸ۣȻĿͷҲص뿪麣
Ӱʧջߣһ麣ȥ
ûߡںƽأسɴͨõ£һɿԽǧ
ûãͣһָֻ׸Ǵˮĸ֪Ӻδǰ
š鿪ڣɤЩ֣ϴƮһΪ͸ǡ
ˮĸɪһ£ɼϸ齣Ӧ˵ġ
齣ѣֻҪһؽľָܻǶţֺۡӰˮĸָһ
ȥ޼֮ؼǣûҵ뿪
뿪麣ҡⲢ֮£һ˶麣յԮϢֻͣȥޡ
*
ҹɫ㿣һĨâƼҹī񷶥ΨмӺһͷġ׺䣬׹
Ȼһ潫qqֵɲǻϸӰһ֮ΧӰҡҷʮӰٶȿ쵽ֻʣӰ
ӽֵӰϢּӵĸζڸǣӰҲûںڰС׷Ӱηɢһƽ
ħ壿һͻأɫԽתֻ䵭Դħ廹δüӦһǸʶħ˲ɢؼ䣬ʬ޴档
ǰҹҹĻ󣬲ոЩ׷ֵħ塣ֽ֮˽㾫ͲסǰѼƷɽ˽ɽӵ쾡£ʮΡʶڵħҲһ֮С
̶̼Ϣڣħ嶼ڽ֮£ħӤûѡ
üʱһ¾Ҫħ̽ˡһЩЩԳ
Ů𲻾ú󣬰ַһO@ŲźڰͻȻһ⡣
һӰóҹ飬Χյ硣Ө׵Ĺâ£ӳ˵ӡΣ뻭ڰǹǺڰĻòˡ
ֻü˪Ⱦ˵˼ΪǣǰΡ
һӰһǳһ߽Ĳôˣ
û¡ҡ˼۳ϵˣεȻҴӦĿɽҲûҪԼŪǱ
ˣ뿪˵׳һƿ롣
ĻҲӹƿ˵ҩҡ뿪˴˵ء֮ǰħץߵϢ֪ϢһֱѰ䣬Сй¶ټħ嶢ϣȲѲԮ
޻ңʱڣƾĴͷͿԸ¡ټֻԸ̫ױãһָĴĵĵ
*
³ħһǳأĴ඼ħ壬ϼӾ磬ڼټ
͵ҡ⻹δǾСľıϢһλʶڵħ壬뱾ħ壬ֻ΢Ļòɡ
³԰ɫΪֵţˡྶͥ˵ʱ΢ſħҡ¶ΪЩȻ
ǰǻħĹʱڷ³ǣ˵ڳ঵Ƥӵ¡ǵºڣʱﷴȫ֡
صŵĵطȲĿڣ⼸ڻħĴ̽ƺȥħԨ
ʲôΪħҡü΢šܴĸ濼ǣҪȳͷġ޾Ͼ뿪麣



249 
֪ħԨ𣿡ü΢, ЩʲôȻһ¡
ؾȥü£ħԨϢӦѾȥˡ
üиһ˿ɫħ˺üλħħԨ, ϸѹ, Ϣͨħ¶֪ħԨ, ŽħԨħ幦, ͬʱҲ䣬ɱʧȥǡ
ˡ壬ħ屾Ըɱ¾Ψ²ҵһ, ټħԨı仯, ӿħܿͻһֻ֧֪ɱ¾ս
ȻĴµˡ塣
ȥħԨҲáҡ
ҪȥħԨ, ɫһݣҲоͷԣʵ˵, ǰȥħԨ, δΧħͲʧ, Ϊ, ħԨ˽ڼҪǿħԨʮΣգħ޷֤ԼİΣ
ҡĻΪݵзִ磬룬Ϊħ壬ŵЩħ
벻ͬüֹ̾˿ãһȥǱұϤ
ȻħԨӰ죬㻹ǱȥˣҡɫͲµҪ˵ĻǰסĻžܾ㡣
ʲô£ԣ˵ߵĻ
ҡüּһֱɫЩӦξϵɡ
ǡ벻֪Щʲô¶ֲڣϾͷӦ
ϣܰϵξһ棬Щ
΢ɫӻһ⣬ΪŲǰһ𣬻Ѫħıѵʲô£
ΪѪħ֮£ħ嶯֣ͬʱŵۡɸ꣬ħڵľٶ׽Ŀ
˶ħˣ˼֮Ѿɽ
Щ⡣
ҡ£üģȬʹָʶĶ˶ĬΣģɵ˵һԸ̸ģȻҲֻз´¡
Ҳξδķӣһ˵
˴£һһҪ㣬ҡ⿴¶һ˿أ֮ǰ˵Լ֮һԺ𣿡
˵ڰĵȴħع飬ҪħıԴ֮
ܾ֮ǰǾ̸۹ħ汾Դ֮£漰ħ棬ЩУǳǴɣҡⲢδͱƴֽ
㶣ĿƵĶԼʶɫɵ˵˵ʲô
ҡ𻰣Ȼɫһ裬վԭص˲ʧ˭
һӰʧߣٶȿ쵽Ŀ׷ϲϣҡʩչݹ⣬׷
׷һ룬ȻЩʲô͵ͣ׷ϵĽŲٿȻһɿ۷
ҴҸϻԭأȻոջڵĳ벻֪ʱʧȥټ
ɽҡĿ΢ɨΧһȦûд򶷺ۼ߳Ϊ࣬޷֮
鿴ü̧Ųæóһϸߣ˸ۣڳǣ
ǣ׷ùոȥ׷Ӱǰǣ߷ڳϡ
ҡǣۣ֪λãϢĳ˲ƶȥ
*
³ǻħĵ̣ץ߳ûػħƺڵʲôˣҡⲻ
ûһȻǻϣǸǰĺӰ
ǸںɫħеӰҡ⼴⣬ֹȻ˵ĸо
ϴγ˵̸Ҫץû뵽ûģ˵ħйء˵ڷ³ǻˮֺͻħ˽һʮа.ŸͶ˻ħʳড
ڰħλħʣԳ঵ľ󣬱Ͼ֮ǰһֱڹעħıԴѸж֮⣬ڳ঵ʵһֱǸԣһγǰΪħʣ˵ʱѪħڲ֮ء
Ϊ൱ģҰģ˵ҰıΪͻħĺħͨħϸΪͣҲΪ˲б
ûöϳ঵׼ץ̸͹ˡˣҡⶸȻǼħǰ
̸ѣòû뵽㾹Ȼħ塣
ħУ̸кΪΪߵһλħڵħ塣ҡ⿴ó̸֮Ϊףħ嶼ǰ
̸ƺЩ⣬ܿ۾ҡ⣬Ŀߣżᳰ̸ҿɲǱħ𡣡
ҡüһ̸ұϢҲţ̸õ컯ƬЩΪ˱ó̸в̸ֱұ̸Ҳûֹ
ֱڱ޿̸£ҲһꡣǲҷҲ̸ֻΨһҴ̸ˡ
̸;ϻ̸ҵģ̸Ҹ鲻̸ˮۿ̸ұֳɹ׷٣ʵڳϡ
ͶħʣЩͽ͵ͨˡ
̸ȥ̸̫֪ͣѷ㣿ҡԺ˼ǧʵֻȥϢʱ䣬˼̧һƥɳҪ̸
Ǹħڵħ嵲̸ǰֳһħһҡ⡣ڳһɻصĵ⣬ܶȻһʵĿ磬꣬ǵصĳϮ
кȻɳһɭ佣Уҫ۰׹⽫ȻĲֻײһɽħĵȴһڡ
˪һתһֱӽħնϣҡָצһӶõöװųɽ䡣
ʱһħȻħȻĺ󱳡ҡȴϵһתĹŷٵħơ
ʮɫ˿糤߰㳯ΡȴʣµǼħס
ҡʽϣգ۾ҪסֱֻץסǼȵ˼Ȧɫɲȼɫħ𣬡Ĵ̶ľ
գۼһ˫ɰۻɺɫҡвͣ˫΢΢ֽ̼һϳأŮɢ㳯Χ
Ψһħħֳҡ̸Ҫߣħһж̸׷ȥ
̸ΪٶȴǱѰΪһħɿߣϢ侹һЩ롣ҡһʼδʹȫ״׷ħ
ҪסħʱһͷƤľ׳֣زһΣ˲Ƶɿ⡣
һɫ۵Ӳ֪ʱվڲԶЩխΪ̣ɫǲĲҰףһ˫޸ɫ̴̴ֱ
ҡ⿴ˣ͵һǰѳসˣ
СŮӣСѽҰɡ˵ʮֿЦֻЦ۵ף޶ͷ顣
ħ˵ЦˣҲδ룬֮˵ҡ治ɫ˵ȴԾס½ǡ
ӷ·ûĻԹ˵뿴ϲ㣬СѲȥħͣ
ҡⱳȻֱɫĴܣޱ˵лħ⣬֪麣ǷҲħͣ
ü΢ͷ˿ħȥ߰ɡ
˵ҲҡشһоҪ



250 
ҡɫ΢, ָ׳һҲջ, ԥĹȼվѪ, ˲ƶߡ
Ǹ׳ȥĶ়ȥȲδ, ̧ȡ, ﾹֱӴ̴ƣȥ
ɫһ, Ҳ, ԭŶȥĶδ˵
Ȼһ֧ͨòͨɫ
ͨϢȴͨ, স֪еĺƴϢվԭɫ, һʱ侹Ҳ˲׷
ò׷Ǽħ״Сĳʣϣ
û˵üͷ˸Ϊ׵ħ׳ŵٶȿڣ, 뿪
ֱʱলڻعݻôݾߣ޼֮нڲ֡
δ͸¶, ֻаѾͷȻλ֮ﶼ, δλĹϵǰʱ, µ޼֮, λעԼ
ѵһ񣿡λħЩϧ, ֮⣬ƺ»顣
ޱƳ۱ƣһâ޷Ƕϣ㻹лᡣ
ֻҪΣƣħڵ˲ö֫Ǹһħڡ͸Ƶ˿ڣ·йεֹ˿Ȭʵڹĺܡ
ǼħҲ⵽еˣܻħʣ˿ھþ޷ȬһϵɫǶʶȤļװû
ֻڣװ뿪Զħû̸ģ̬Ȼɣ˿ǳ঵¡
βɣ´ΡĿ΢˵ͷƺҲδ̸£ʶѡ
ԭ঻ԳΪҪõҡϵһ޼֮أħҲԣԴ˷̸˽ħȻ঳֡롱ħֻһУ뿪ˡ
ȴ˵ߵҡҲû뵽ħ˳ѣΪԷһʩչݹüΣԪĵò˲Ÿ̶ͣʮϢʱ䣬Ȼ˼Զһɽϡ
ܲ˸ʼָԪҡָЩ֧ӡǶѹʾΪмʥµһȻеѾʧ߰˰ˣɲСܵȫһ
۹ۣܶħʵץнңԼµû׷֧ӴѹһЩ
׻ָԪóǸħߵɽ䣬űһҪǿֵʶĨɽϵӡǡ
һƴĺֽȡҡֽ⳯ᴵһǡֽģգۼǳһԴġ򡱡
̶İ׵㣬׵һ߽򡱷Ϊ룬ָһһƷʯιϵ˲ѿʯһ˲һӰŴɳ
ĵġֽΪħԨеһħ棬Դռ䣬Լװɽ棬ץĳͱ档
㾹ȻôͰҾȳˣһΪҪһ١ӡųվܣϲ˵
Ҽˡҡû̫ãһھɫ䡣
뱻У緢֮һŲ֪ĻŰˣһ˫۵ɵִԲ߾ܲ̽ʣ˵ˣ
ҡӣü΢
ȷΧûг঵Ϣ˿ξڣûûкô
Ȼ˶ζôģҡͶԴɻ󣬳়Ȼħ汾Դڳͳξڣ϶ȫܽ˿ƲŶԣǼɵ
һħһӳħԸȥ񱻳ƿء
ǵҵҪСľ𣿻ħİ˴˵ħһʯãһλħ֮ԶŴսħ䣬ǰ˴Ҳ
Һͳξ½ƣξνҲƾ⿪ģɻǵҽڸһȥץץʵΪ޵һζҩ
ҡĻüԭһ顣
ȻѾ˽ƣΪλôֱ뻹һЩ£˶ܣ˵ͳ뻹û޻̸Ľ飬ҲûԷһܵĵز
ЦһдżãϰߣħʣӰ֮¼ͻһֱĺֲֹһû׼ʲôʱԼͱɿˡ
ǰг޲TҡȻóĴԼҪ̾һ֪˵ʲôοĻ
*
ֿҡⲢδȥħԨմӶ麣յԮץϢ֮ͣĸϹȥڲſ
ϸ̽ΧȲĽССڶ麣֮ʱҽ׽С磬ֱʱȥѰǰѽ
СһƬֻռ˲ʮ֮һҡܸоСڲţǿʥС˵ʱʱ̶̿ڱ仯
СѰ͸֪ǰѽټһ˲ǰѽԡ
ɫĽϣɵĽƣҡһȥ˲С
ɫּ·㣬ӲӵɫһҡʶУǲͬתŤգ۾ͽʶ췭ظ
ҡͷ󺹵ıۣЩַ𵴵ʶҲڰ
ѽʲô



251 
ǰѰɫĽ, ҡⲢδóȻ, ϾѺݺὣĿ
ųһ˿ڽ뽣깵ͨ, κιȥҲδõĻӦЩĻ
ѽĿòɽ߻Ϊ񽣣ӦòǳԲŻɽ߻Ϊ񽣾ӵнꡣֻǽͷβδ, ǽ䲻˵, ƭ껹δѣ
ҡǧذתĿ΢ŵѽ̽һ飬ڽǶһ﷢ꡣ
ҵ, ҡһֱǸɶ, ھὣ֮£ʶ̽, ˭һֱûĽȻһ, Ϯ
Ȼҡ׼, Ųæվԭ, ΧĻԴԴϳǰѽӿȥ, ŨʵʵĻ罫뽣һ
С, ѹѽǴ´ġ
, ΪҪװź, ѽźȻ
, һЩϤϢϿҡŤͷȥֻ峤һѰƴĽɫ״зλƾͷɹˡ
ôˣСˣҡ΢飬ķз͵Ǳ¡
û˫ĿŹĿűסĳɫЩ
ѽǴӺδѰģ۾һ˲˲ĶŽǼɵѽҪȥ
ҡһתҲ֪Լܽġ
ܣѿڶýĿӽƵϣ㲻ǽô
ǽҡĿ΢̫֮ʱǸԲҲᵽƺѽȻͬ죬ǧ嶼֪
Īǣ⽣ǧ⣿
˼ǧȴɫ֪Ҳǽ
˭֪ȴƶҡͷ㲻ǽҲշ
ΪΣҡüһʱĴɻͲޡ
ɽһĪӣ˵Ҳ֮ǧ鲻齣ˡ
ҡɫ΢Ṵ𣬡˵ˣѾˡ
ԭѽ顣
ƺҲʲô齣ת˼Ȧʱ齣йĽסĻ֮Ҳɢӵһ
գȻľڡͣڽĿɿڴĶǿǶϵӣ¶˼֮ɫ
ҡĿ΢ǰķ
׽вķ᲻ͬһɸŵرԾϢܣ̸ôġϢѰձ󣬗軵ǻĹ֮һϢ챦һģԨ֮ʱ̸ҲóϢϣƾշ
֮ǰᵽģķб׶ˣ֮׵𾳾ûһˡֹֻ𣬰ӣҪɱܡ
ǧ⣬˵ķ
趢齣ãȻһֵ˵Ҫ
ʲôҡü
Ҫ͵˵Ťͷɽһ˵ˣһһҪ˵
£
һȻĹʵҪˣϷ뻻š
ǰʲôҡü̧òܻǧĺöٺòˡԴǿʥСڣС緢췭ظı仯ĲˣϾԭеɣҪһꡣ
ɽϳһıľϻһƮǰʱ߻ӣʱ߻ʱ֮Ļۿڵߵʱ䡣
ߵʱ䣿ҡڼ˺öĽҲɰһ֪ʱ֮һ̶ȣʱ侲ֹȴδ˵ʲôͨʱ䵹תԲ飬ʱ߻һʽĺҩ
ӹľϻ򿪣͸ӣӳ״͸ġ¡Žɫѡ
̾ҡ侲֮ҪۣҪΪ̵ɡ
ֲиɣԽֲԽҪ˵ĻͳҪֶΣͬ黨Ҫͬڷۡ
ʱ߻ھϢϣÿ꽽һγ֮ˮɡ迴ľϻǼӣЩ۵ĻȻⶫҲʮ
ҡУ˼˵֮ˮָĿʱ˳ӣ
ǡ
֮ˮȡߣӸҲáҡҡҡͷһģ
һ̣ĺߵϷڿ㣿ľϻӱһףľϻȡˮװ³ˮ
ҡװӵľϻľϻΣʮּªֱĿľƬƴӶɣͨΪɫ𣬿Ǻβʡ
ľϻװ³ˮɵü
ˡ˵һȻֹЩ䱸ı죬κſڵ֮ľϻÿװһˮÿͣʱŴλʱ߻ܿˡ
һû˵ʱ߻һֻһ仨ÿ껨ֻΣҲÿοлۣһ㣬ζղۡ
Ȼҡ֪˻۵ĹʵԾܾǽĽףʱ߻ӽŲ豾Ҫţӷ̫Ϊּۻ۽š
ʽ׺齣֮£ƺͷǽɫԲΡ͵ٶһ̾ûˡ
ô죬ҡҲżϾԼҲ»δ塣վ齣ǰãǿ˵ٴ޹󣬲̾˿ʱ뿪С硣



252 
С, ҡⲢδ飬ԭƻȥħԨȻ, Ҳ֪У˷ӳֻǽңԽս𣬶ħȴʤ㡣ҾԺҲ˾衣
׽絽ħʾĴܼٳ֣׸ĹŮ, াȻ޼֣֮бضйŹ֡
Ȼݲ঵Ŀ, ҡ㹻, ֻҪͼβܻ¶ġ廹׽, ʵû취, Ԯ
ħǿ, ɲǿţ˼ǿԴС, Ԯ
˼һ·޿ָħԨϧ޴δָ֮޵ѹȿʼ, ɽµʿ֮ʹ÷ѵĶ, ҪȥħԨҲҪһʱ䡣
·ĵͷ, СģͻӺѧΪħ˴, ŵΪһȻưոݣħŵ֮ʣѪħΪڽָ壬һʱ޶ˡ
һʼֻ֮ʱƣԽԽ˱ˮ¶ɱۣ񽥽ûǣֻʣ·ĳޡ
ĺɫȾ񷣬쳾ѻ
ѪϦϼҡⰵ̾ϢԼΪȻ㣬ԼᵽؼΣϢ
ջ˼ĿͶԶħ뵵ĺ·塣·ħԨ㣬ɽ´׵϶Ƴ߰ԶߣӼǧ
·ɽһλħأ֮⻹мڵħڸҡǵһħԨħԨν䲢֪׵ڣڵħͬеˮӿȣ·ʱҪԨƬû
ҡⰵüϢĿħԨֻʵһսħĸ֪Ȼ¡
ֻٽħԨŷħԨ絲סһħԨػᴥ磬ںķħ֡
ҡⳢǱħԨ֮ʱһ־Ȼʶ
Сǰ齣˵ҪħԨ
ҡ־ϲˡȻ֪괦ΣǱʶýӦöкô
˼֮ʣ˱仯ԶȺˣһƬ
Ǽɽ´µħ״ǰӭӣΪ׵ħ彻̸˼䡣ҡ΢ǵĻԭħ׼ͽħԨġ
ħȻ᲻ħԨġô׼һɥʧǵսҲ֪ǵڼˡ
пħĺ飬ҡ⻹ǲɰһҲ˶ʩչͨûΪһ۵ĲмƮƮ䵽һħϡ
ʮħ඼ħӤң൱һһмħΪսҲѪˡ
ЩħһԵŶվţɫľħ¶ߺ֮ɫ
ֻѾٴԹ޶ûˡûһȻһȱڣ鲻ԸЩħ½ӰһԾħԨڡ
ҡһħӤڵħϣ˳ħԨ
һħԨУԨеħȿֺӿҡⲢħ壬ħԲڶſһ磬赲ΧŨħʴԼǡ
ħԨûйߣЩһħԨħ岢δŨħӿڣǼʮħӤڵħ˫Ŀ죬ʹ˻вħʼײұڡ
ҡʱҲ˲ù۲ܵħ壬µķ类ħʴڣգۼƿһ󶴣ܵħȿֺӿ˽
ûС齣һԵĳ˳ֻΧһ⣬Щqqħ·Ͽǰˣ齣ΪԲĳһɿδħռĿռ䡣
һԽӽ齣һ΢⣬ڵħԨڸֻۡЩħʱѾʧȥǣһƬҡ˭Ҳע
ѽ׹ƺҪħԨȥҡⲻǽ껹ǺΪЩϧЩħ壬齣
ԽħŨ齣ɢԼħмǿĿãҡһ·Ȼ˿δħӰ졣
֪˶ã齣ͣ׼ȷ˵ͣһʯǰ
ΧħŨʵʣ˵ѾħԨײˡǰʯ⣬Ա߾ȻһӰ
ҡע⵽ǸӰһ֮ԸħԨΪ֪˯ħԨ׵ħѾȫ뿪ħԨûħڵĴܣǰӰ̽ԷΪ
Ǳ齣ѰʯģĲ/ʯУʯഥʯʯĹʯƣ߲Ĺһš
ʯԵӰƺѣ΢ΣƬ̺۾
ҡ⧲߶ϣĿţ΢
˵Ŀܿʯϵ齣Էħ壬ҡ΢ȿʵ֪ǰǣ
Ǹһֱ׽塣˵ʶǳ
һªĺ£ʹڵҲܿμΪ˶΢ĳɢڼϣһǳʱûдïܵס˴ǿïʢͷͺҵһ˫۾
ҡĵ׹һ׽֪񣬶ǰ֮˶ԲϺšü̧ɫ΢΢ףˣǰ֮ԣƺʶ
ǰ֮ˣһƣڱġסûд𻰣ʯĴһ⣬ʯϵЩҲȾϽ⣬㲻ʯıߡ
齣ʯϣЩζĽɫʯģε֮ϡ鲼ַ·ܵĸ٣Ҳε𵭵⣬ɫĽ𽥱һӲӵĽ𽣡
Ƕƺ̼Ĺ⣬һŵ꼸ɲĶ˶
һֱ齣ҡⲻǰҪȷϷŵĶǷȷ£¡
Ҫȥ
ҡͣ½Ųֻʯϵ齣ϲڴﵽ𽥼ʧûʯķ·ʧȥ仯Ϊ
ȡʯ齣տտʹһڵϣҲйɻڣ·һѽǴؼӵƥĵ
Χħֹ˱ܰɣѾ˵ʮ⡣
һϺȻһߡʬ塱ҡĿȥɫ¶֮ɫ
ԭֹһλųŮޡ浺ʵϼңй浺زתϵҩ֮һݡ̨ɽڣϼˡ
֮УҲλ塣Ľ磬˵λϵҲ׽ȻỤ̊Ҳ˲С
ûϴǰ׳ߡʬ塱ϼǸ塣
⵽ô£ǰĹΪʲôҪץϼҵ壿ǰ
˵齣ǰ



253 
ʲô
ҡɫһ䣬ɵĻίʵ, 㻹˪/齣Ȼ, Ȼǽ, ȻҪΪáο껹, ʲôء
ǺЦ, סҶ, СţҲǻˡ
û, ǹϼҵǸ塣ҡⲢδĻ, üɨϵˡ
ʲô, ǺɡûҡĻ˸ӵȻŤŤЩӲĲ, ЩָһһϼҵǸڡ
Ϣ֮, ŮӾҲմӺһ㣬죬ǵһƵɫӰ, ӰƺһС
ϼŮδԪһŮ, һ, ӰСϳĽص, 齣ʧĽ, λϼŮ̺һλ塣
ҡüһ򴽶νĽģŮӣһĳ˵
ǷԪҪĿ۵Ϣ΢Ůӣŵֻɢҷֻ˱ʽףѰҽģڽҲһ
΢Ŀ״ھŻ޲TѪƳ޲T飬޲Tй̸⾪齣еһԪƬ˸ס
ǿԪƬֻУ˵ǸСףҲƭ
ջ˼Ƴڵϵ齣׼ȷ˵ǽϵǿ顣
ҡĻüͷѹܸ֪õеӰС齣ͬһԴֻ齣һǧıŶԷġ
ƺĻɣĹһЦӦѰҽģΪ˽齣һá
̹ԵηηСҡĿ΢ɫ̹ȻȻ֪ǰݣҲ빫֮ĽףǰǸˣҲʳԶʵ¡
˵һתѣ֪ǰʶ
ⷬвĻЦĴɲű֣游һʱ
˵еӰС͵齣ǰ齣һĽӰС϶Ϊһ
ɲǼ䣬һǿĿİɫӽϷ˰ħԨҡѾ֪ǵķɨ
轣һá
ץ齣ĳȥҡ⿴ڵϵǸ壬ü΢һнϵװ֮ǰõֻӽɽڣȻѸٵĸϹˡ
ٶȼ죬˲ûӰҺ齣Сһʱ䣬ôڽһ΢ӡҡ˳齣ټһ·ۣɥʧ־ħ塣
ûЩħʩչݹһ·УħԨħ弸Ϣ
ħԨûйߣΪոǵ⣬ħԨ׶¶ǰԼһž޴һƬĺɫɳĮ
ƬɫɳĮ纣󣬾Ȼڲͣӿҡ⿴죬ԽһתⲻǵڼʥƬɳĮ
ʹô˵ģһӹºɳһ߻䡪ڵĺɳħԨ׵ƬɫɳĮ̫ħľѪ
䲻̶̼Ϣգ۹Ѿ׷ǹɳľ
žεΪ׳ۣȻûԴ翴ľߣΪӴЩ֦һƬľɭ֡ں֦ħ̥һι״ĿΪˡ
Ȼе˵ħӣħ⣬ħ嶼ԴġִֻǶΧһħ嶼ûУҡм⡣
ţͿǹ˾ֱ
ҡƤ͵һһͷƤľ϶С磬ֻ齣ϵǵ۲Ķ
սСͬʱɫɳĮͬˮ㿪ʼڣϯɳ֦ⲻԼͬӿǸ¹ˡɳڵˣʹҡСڣҲܸܵǹɳ֮УЩںɳе֦Դݿ֮˲佫˰Χ
Цһ齣һӣЩڵ֦ɷ·ǰ׷װˡӿĺɳȴ齣ɳ˽ɱǹᴵһ쫷˲׷ɢ
ƺƴ쫷һɢ·ܵĴбɱ
ҡ⿴Ŀ࣬Ĺ˸衣
ʱɳĮ･⣬һ޴ֳ󷨸˵ĸоʮаԣ·һֻ˶ɵĻĹħѡҡüĽԼУֲ˺á
Ȼ󷨳֣һֻʮɸߵĺɫԣǾԳоͷһᣬ
ħ廿ħ֮סɷ
ͷɷˣѹԶħڣӦһͷħڵħޡͬΪħĴħޣ׵عֵͷʬĦɷֻɷǰҡСڹսֻɷȻ򣬹ֲðħȫ뿪ħԨħڵĺɷħһ˸ҷ
ʹɷ󲻵Уʱ䣬ħ͸ϵˡ
ҡ뵽ĶȻҲ뵽ٺһЦֳ壬ʱһһʮɳĺڵǰ
һһԣƻѹ϶ǺʤɷϾħħޣʹѪƣҲηȥ
һһԺܿһҡھ֮࣬ҹۿһħ񼶱Ĵ򶷡ǹϵǿߣǱ忰֮ͬⳡ׿ؼͨרעĽҡ۽硣
طִĴΧǵضɽҡռ䶼Ҫ顣ȻħԨ£˱ನɳڵĺɫɳĮ⣬ȻʲôûУһƬҶӶδ䡣
ͷɷʵǿֵʵǿգۺɷľŸͷֻʣֻǵƬۡ
ͷԡԣħŨ˻ļʣµԴ볯ɫĻ档
ǳһɱĻϢļ²ѡδӲӣ³һֻû۴ƿӣƿڳķһգʱЩڵĻȫֵֻƿߡ
ͬʱβһ˦ֱӽɷɡž޴ײ齣Ҳ֪ʱ֣ƴĽһǰ޴ħ
ҡͣһģ֪ոԼΪƤֱ֪ĶðĹ˾ȻԵ֣
ħΪӣһˣҡ⼸Ҫ̲סˣõĲ齣Ļ
ȴ˵ΣȻ־ܣʼԼ֦ɹֻǱ׻⣬Σħڿʼˡ
޴ϣѾ컹δħ̥ʼζħ̥ħħ̥ǰֺ˲佫û
Щħ̥ȻδʼΣҲ֪ǵʩʲôͨײޱȣνϿһħ̥Ϊ壬ǧǧħ̥鷳ˡ
ħ̥ûʱϢɿĿķ



254 
ħ̥, צĿž޴ǰ̵ħ̥, һһ޾ʹΪӲۼ, Ҳץ, һʱѲ
ħ̥Χ֮ʣ齣۵糸, ص׵֦ɱض, ħҲ֪ĸ򴫳Ӥ޵
ƵħӤ׷׵, ֱӻΪϣ̸ڵһͷ­İ, 齣
뽣ײǣס齣ħɵĽŲʱɢֻʮϢʱڽڰˣ޹⡣
Ȳģһ˻ٻ˹Щħ̥ǻعħ̥ǹϵħ̥˿̶ΪС͵Ĺ򱬷һĿĹâħǰһֱԼɵĺڶ
ħ齣Ѿڶ, ڶϢħδͱͳͳһ̶̼Ϣ챻ڶû, ĽƺҲȾһ
ҡһ˿ڽ, 齣״̬Ϊ, ܸ֪ڶмΣյĴڣ齣дǣȫʧȥټ
Ƶĺʴ齣ϸ΢ڡвھסҡ͵һΪĽ꣬ʹС
һߣ˲ĺɷΪ˲Ƶڶǰһס齣ԪޱĹעУ೤ʱ䱬ҫ۽âսһᣬݺὣڶڽŤΣ
ûγ齣һֳֻ˸Ķǲ֪ͨδĺڶѸСܿ
ڶ󣬽ϵĺδɢ齣ŷһ׵ϴ̡
齣ħ׷ɢħҲҶĦ˻һëȻĹŹ
ԭ֦ɴľɭֵĵƬ̹䣬ֻʣ̸ɻǿĴںɫɳĮСҶɳ˲䱻ٽ
ҡⱾͶ޲TжУŪһƬǽпοֻв⣬ǰѾ˿ǵҲǰ
ѵʲôͬЩħ壿
νʲôʲôɻΪǰϾһȣң
ӰɿҡħڸǿѹҲȥ̽ʵʵСڣ齣Ӿ͵硣
ˣ׹ڼĩβһϮ˳Ⱦİ£յģɽˮģΪ
Ǹһеģ
ϢҡиȻСܶħڵĸ֪ħĸСⳡ¹ħ񼶱Ĵ粨ʹʲôҲûҲᱻΪͬ顣
ڣڰȫˡ
ҡ߰ǱѾˡ׼ȷ˵ʧĹ齣Ѿħڳһ󶴣ϵǶоб뵣һȷϹѸٽħ˸貹âıȡߣŷѾǰ֮ˡ
õҪĶͬĺ޹УһԶԶܿˣнҡ֮ȥЦС㣬ˣ
Сڵҡֻʣһͷһ
ˮ֮۲ԶֳҪħԨٳ⸱ģһ仰ܺŪģǰλħҲ׷˹ȥ
ȴ˵齣һҡ⣬ٱһƣҡ⿴Ѿ߹ħò㽫ҧ顣ֻǵһҲֻ⣬
ڴˣֶŮ⻹ǷӦѸٵǰλħǰڡ
ҡ΢תװûԱλħڵħһŭĸ״ҪΪ֪Ķð°ߣҵĽ
֪⣬ü΢壬˵°ħԨôĵӣ
ħʥҲֺ֮ɲ¥ɫѿĶŶˣʲô˼Īħԣ
гǰҡѹһ塣ĵĿǰλħħ˼ɫҰףѪζƺǰܹˣǵȷΪŻôٸ
δɲ¥޵סüһЦżζħԹؽŻģӾŻӳƤ½ħԨǣ͸ϽץûߵĶ
ôɣպÿħȡһʲôħܸ˽ԼĶ
ԶӲڳһ󶴵ĵͺͺ֦ҶӶûУħ̥һʣΪҡ
һʱ䶼ħʧ˼ʮħ̥Ϊħˣ¶ʱڶ޷ħ̥



255 
ǧ, û˴⡣ħ, ٿԽħһ򾡡ħ󲻷뵷ϧ޹
ħƴԭ, Ϊؼǵֶ, λϹҲ޷ֺɹһλ, ö֮, Ҳٴ⡣
˭֪һ˳ħԨ䣬͵͵ǱħԨ, ˵ҪĶ
ߵ˲֪飬ɲ¥Ϊħȴ֪顣ǰ, ħһһ壬Ը¼λħغôʹħҲܶʧ
¼ΪأҲֻ޲Tεļλħ֪ôȥһֱȻλħԾ˾裬û뵽ħҪĹͷǾһʱʧ
, ɲ¥޹˲úȻֵҡ⣬ɫѿĻصԡħնϣټֻʣͺͺ֦, ɳһĴ, ȫûħʥķɡ
Ȼ֪ͽ޹, ǲĵ̽ϵǸ󶴡ģħήҲɢħҲۿɼٶˡ
˳϶ռλ
ħ֮ͬʣ½Դʼءǰؾ䣬϶еħԨеħϲ䣬ҲЩеͽħħԨײԭ
ʱħʴƺЩԲ޴Ҳ֦ɳЩ仯ɲ¥޼״ɫһ࣬˸罫ħϧǴӵصģĵʼīɫ
ҡվڲԶɲ¥޵Ķյǰʣ壬ôħԨ
ħλ˵ˣظճ
ҡмֻȻϴ̫ŵĿڴ䣬ξħȥħţɶ񣬿Ŀ˼ЩıۣħԨȷʵ
Ǹ˭ΪλᱻؽŻգգۣתƻ⡣
Ҳ֪˵زѰ׵ĵطƳ۲Զħɲ¥ޣһĨ޵ЦѪƾãϡ٣һؼֻһʧѾã㲻֪Ҳ档
ΪλᱻؽŻҲʮֺ棿
ˣƺЩʲôüͷ΢壬ϴ͵Ϯֻƣһֻ
ҡû뵽ֻƵϢ㶲ŵող˵ֻһ𣿡
˭֪أ֮£ͲͨĵطԺĳʱȻéٿǰ¶ˡü̧ҡָ˵
˵Ľ̸ǱȴڲĹ˲Сı仯֪ǲʧȥģּ֮ʴɫħ֦⾹Ȼīɫаǳ
ɲ¥޷ԸߵħħԨЩɥʧ־ħȫץֱĽһ黯ΪԴħħʧħϧЩħͬҲȾɺɫٶȴΪ
֦ɣʹ˻
ȻħԨ£Ҳôţȸˡæҵɲ¥ޣȤĻΧֶŮˡ
ɲ¥ǰѪɫӶסҡ⿴вȪ
º̺Ҫʼˣʱͷ֮һǲȪҲ޹ֺдһʡ
ҡüһķľòȪȻĪҲħãǿצĹ뷨Щס
ȻвΪȻ˸ۣȪȪ۵ȷѾӿȪˮȪ٣ϲδ
ȪȪҪĶȻС磬ܸħ£Ϊʲôأ
ɲ¥޿˿Աߵ·ûҡոյĻҪʲô޼֮صˣΪӰĺһҲϧҪ˵ȪֱӶ˱ǡ
º̺ǵвȪŶԷȻΣյĿ⣬ҡƲƲ죬Թվ󣬵ֿħʴѹ
пɽˡ
ϵĵǰЦеĶɲ¥˵ֶŮСɲҪΪһŻҪȪҪе⡣
ҡġʾǰһһζ˵ȷʵҪġڻħ֪ǰаûħʳã
ôӳŪħǸպãħڲҲ̫ƽħ»ҽڶԸ঵Ļħء
ȵÿħ岻ݴǵΣûʵħܾ
ȻĻɲ¥Ŀ΢ʵҪһͻħ飬
ѪӻâĿ⣬ҡ֪˼һģɽȡһԼߵƿոպȻƺһƿȪ
Ҳ֪Ȫǲд˵ô棬ԵһͲʲôħҲã
ɲ¥޼еƿɫҲͶ˹ȥƿϸϸ̽һ˲ƵǰСĽƿڵĲȪϡ
Ȫ̺Ũ֮ήҵħʱָЩǸƿĴƺС˼磬ֻǲȪδֹħӵĺɫѾȫڡ
ȻûɢŨ֮סħ
ҡһ仯źħ־ܾȳС



256 
, ֪ߵǺ
ħԨҡܽеɻΪȪĹЧɲ¥޵ڳη뿪
ֻ˵, ǡħ, ָպħԨ, οҪˡ
ü΢, ˫ĿʣȥħԨʲô
⡱ĿⲢ, Ҳ, ҡ⻹ЩĶ㿪ߣ˸ɴ˵ħԨ£Һ֮¾ܹȥ˿
ĻÿɷֻЩεҡҡͷ, ҲͲ׷£һת, ʣǰѽǴӺεģ
˵⻰ʱü΢š, һɢɫѵ, ҡҲɽ˼֡
⽣ʱķġȨƬ, û͸¶֡
һȻ˵ǸСӰɡ
ҡȻ, Ծͣ½Ųһ˫ϹҶǵɳۣ壬ô֪ԣʶ
罫˵컨׹㵱ϹӻӣȣЦ
ҡգգۣԴЩңѿڶô
˵ЩˣŶԷɫһװ򶨣·ֻһʡ
ôЦЦĿһ˫⡣
ֽ˦ҡգգ۸ϽŲ˵ÿĿɫɲ͡
⻰Ҫû뵽𣬶ʱƹ̿
ҡŬŬ죬Це˵Ҫǳòãһϡ
峤úãò廹ҪʤһѬĿȾ۹Ȼߣòƽƽĸ벻ۡ
ֻȷòüֽת齣ϣǽԣѾΪݿ
ҡüĴѹȥɫ֪齣
ü΢ͫɫѽڲ֮ǰͳָָֹ棬Լǧйء
Ȳ绹硱ҡһ΢٣˼šü
СǷ齣йأʲôòҪܡ˼ѵмࡣ
ҡع񣬷·ûĻ˵޼֮ҲܵؾӰ죿
ħ٣޼֮ЩӰ죬Ӱ첻󣬡̾˿üģˣҲ˭ãҪĻΪȡս񾳡
仰ҡĿ΢ǵҡɽʱҲ˵⻰ǵڼʲô֮
δɫֵ׽£ͻ޼֮ذɡ
㲻ȥ©ҡЩֵʡ
ü˵Ȼɫ΢䣬һЯߣȽȥҡɽ
˵ĹѾسɴ˲Ƶǧ⡣㲻ֱӴ޵ϲҡɽȿ޴ҪѸ١
Ŀĵأһţ˲ʧֻһ֮ص뿪һˣʵҪ߶
ҡκͻҡɽû齣Ȼ뿪С磬һĳȥ
ҡ͵ѹ׷˹ȥ齣ٶ̫죬˲͸ˡԭδ⣬ͨ齣ϵ˿ӡѰҷ򣬲˿Ȼʧȥϵ
ô£ҡ㵲ѣſʼ
ǵӡΪʲôˣ
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ҡͷӬ㵽Ѱ齣֮ʱæ뿪Ϣ͵޶麣
ˡһ˻麣ϸ΢춯˵ν˶ΪĿס˰
ǴħԨ뿪
ͣ½ŲôͰħ̫ϳæ
ǼħȥħԨŹֵס˲ʱ䡣Ǽħ˽̫ϵֶΣͬΪ޼֮صˣῴ̫껵ĺۼ
ҲûЩħ塣
תۿסϵɫħԮ֣̫껣ҸȤ档
ħԨ֮ʱŻᰵиǰ崫
棿ĿһζĿϵ«ǿħʲô
˺ĲҪ̫أĦ°ͣȻʣ齣Ȥ𣿡
´ۣЦһϿɲãǰ齣ûȤ
֮Ҫ֮ã
ϧˡҡҡͷ䣬һѰɫĽʱķͣǰ
ڽ϶ֽţ˲䷴ӦһɨԭĵɫȻ۸СɲǺϰߡ
޹̧˫֣ѣƾ֮Ԧʹ˽
ƺڻӦĻ齣һԼһͷ麣ڣգۼ䲻ټ
ü齣ڶ麣µβſ˵ոȥ˾Ż
ѵܣҪѡץץܷ¶һЦ
ĿһۣЦǶˡ
⻰ǳʡ
ͫ΢Цһô֪Ż޼֮ز˵ģ粻мһˣ岻ǡ
ûôǷųģûĻб
ȻԼķ̬ͬţǰܷס۾Σȥ棿
ûпڣպɶ麣졣
ٺһЦ
ˣǸܵӦûûɣһУϾֵܣҪҲ
ƫͷһۣ˵ǵÿĸ顣



257 
ޡ
ŽɫСӵ֦ͷ, һҡɽ¹ְһϸܽꡣ
ңҡһ¹£ǧ磬һʱٸн֪¶ʲô顣
齣ʧ, ȻЩ, ҲֻܰοԼмʥ, ٻҲĶȥ⼸ݷһ, Ҳһʱתע
ֻû뵽ǣյ, ǿѹĵ, ĸܹˡ
һȻ׵н˴ȥ麣ûţ
˵ʲôҡüһȥ麣ǰҲʲôҲû׼뵽ɰ˿
֪ǧ, 仹ǶԷֻƻĺꡣ
һöɽ䱻˫ַϣǹҽ, öǹӷԸ²ĶѾȫˡ
˵һöó, һϡ
ҡĻ, üһ, ̹ȻӹĶ, ̽ʱ亣ѶϢӿԺԺƬ̻ج
û뵽ȻҲǡ
ݣ¶֮ɫ̧磬ʣЩǺʱʼģ
ĸʮǰӾͿʼµ׷¡
ĸôģҡƲƲ죬ڳƺϾʲôЩǲ鵽ģȫ
ʮʱ䣬Ȼ˵ǰ˰꣬׽˲꣬˶٣Ҳ˵ںܾǰͿʼ׷ħ汾Դ֮£ҵѾϢ
磬ħת󲿷Ѿݣֱ磬ӳʧĻǣڼǰĪعˡ
繧ĴЩ鵽Ѿȫ¼УµӰǱߣ˵˶٣ԥļ˵ĸ֮ţӲδ⣬ĸ
ӲЩ鵽Ķ͸¶ӰӶ֪ʲôӶǻӣֻǹ϶ĵ¡
ҡϸָĦɽ䣬šüʲôţ̽ϢΣ
νӰӡһָѵİ׮רŸΪҴ̽ϢЩϲô¡ҡ˵ʮԼӰӣЩӰᱳΪʥΥ
ӰǻֻӰӰʮûĸҪٻǣ
ӰӺͻͬģӰĳ̶ֳǡ˽䲻˽Щ΢ˡ
ġ˽Լʲô⣬ѵԼһܣҡһǰʲôԼ˶˵Ըг
뵽ЦЦĿ磬ĸҿɲĸҲ޷
ˣʱҲΪˣЩ˶ӰӣӦûЩô
ǡ·˿㣬Ӧ
ҡⲢûҪȻǰϢȥǧɽǱֱ컹޶Ǳ߲ϣʱȻ˹
㽫ҹȥ麣ǰ˵Ļͷβ˵һ顣ǰ֮ˣ̾˿Ȼ֪ϣã̲סҪͼҳЩ˿
Խյθһ飬ҡⰴ˰ЩʹԴεĻ¡
ĻӦѾõĴ㣬Ѳ⣬޳Ҳ֪Ƿ㵽Ĵ
*
뿪ҡԾƬ̣̾һ̽罻ɽС
ɽռ䲻Сһ¯ƬһĴָӡȡŹȥֻ͸иһƲҶ״
ǣ
ΪʲôҲ컯ƬպﵽĴڿĶȵѿڶ
˵컯ƬҡȻӦɵתͷҲУ˼˵ҲУ
ڽͷҡ˹ģˣүûУֻǰһΣ
ҡսӣζЦڻǣҲȥ˻֮ɣֲѪħ׷㲻š
ڴү˵ʲôΣǲ
ҡüһѹֻԺҪȥԹԴڻ֮õ˶컯Ƭ
ȿȣ͵͵鹾๾תĵת˴үһ㣬Ҹ㣬һҪڴүİȫ
ɽȡһߵ«ҡһ鿴ӴǶߵĺ«ӺȻҴҸϹ
ӣ켫ˣǺϢ
ҡϵĶˣ˵ʲô켫䣿
֪һ켫ΪڶԪˣ켫ڿ޶ţ˭ɱ켫ڵһ֮
ԭʹ켫ʵ켫úúõġ
ƺɻѹ˵˵ǾŻġ
ҡһ˵ͷ֮ǰ˵ǼתߵĴ£ǹھŻ
Ҳ֪ʲô£ŻѺЩȫܳˡ޾ŻһʼѺ˵ĵطҲ˵ǻĹʱڵ˵ϲ֡
ȺִӾŻͷ޸׽һʱĻ̡̻
ȺԽЩйأʹ޹ҲȻ֪һЩ顣ϾڼǰʱԼҡɽҪ߶֪׽ᷢ£治ȫ
Ȼһ潲ŻǼԽĳ̶ֳϰһæ
֮ˡĴңԽԽǸΪ׽ѵˡڲǰĿƻھŻ˾ų˾ŻЩˣԭͷֹѩϼ˪
ҡԼ򣬴ѳɣʱȡһ޳ˡ
ˣֽ«ӽС磬뿪ҡɽȻҪܣʱ׻ˮʱҡɽûʲô£ɴȥһ켫ڡ
ڸոգ̺츺˴Ϣ켫ڣ
ҵģҵĶҵĶңڿıӰһʱûӦƬ̺Żع񣬳ɤӹǺ뿪ķ׷ȥ



258 
ԣƵɽϹſʼɼҸ, ҲҪĶ켫ڵڵء
ֻǽյɽȻ⡢ͬɾ㾲ײͬ, ѹ֡ŵ, ɽϵĳƬɽһΰݻ٣Ǹ˵˵, 켫ǽһƬ
˻ɱ, Լҵ, 켫̫ϳŭɱλƴ, 㽫ͳ϶׽, ǿ׽ȥա
켫λ𼶱̫ϳϣҲܳΪ޶ŵĸ⣬ڻһλֻġ˥ٱƽ, λ̫ϳԭѱչض꣬ʱ, ò, ȹʿ
ı, ʹ켫ڲҪҲ, ʱ, 켫Ϣѩ㴫, һʱ𶯣켫ֳΪ̸ʡ
ܿɽΧһЩƵ, Щ̽Ϣ, Щ, Щû
Ϳ, 켫ڲԹ˲ϾȥҴҵĵӣʮءפűһλ߶ʱߣֻλɽٵڰء
ΪҪĵط֮һ켫ڵıдʱ̿⣬һ켫ڴʱһƬңΪ˱˳û٣ѿ
ǹһĶ״סߣȻס͵͵켫ڵˡ
˶˷ֱһһŮһΪĪ⣬ԵŮһϮ£ϴʱмֽźͼ
ĸߴӣɫĮӼɲĳ΢΢סţҲ֪ʲôϢƽ󷨣ö֮Ľɴ߿صı⡣
켫Ϊţ̷񣬼ַϹų̫ŵѹεĵرʤⱻŮһʱλۡ
ʱҪҵǶ֪Ķ𣿡ɨܣĳͣ˼Ϣʱ䣬Ȼд
ǱŮĻѹȡһ̶ʯǿʯ⣬ʯϵ·ĳζ
ʯȡ󣬱ĳȻһ΢ϸ죬Ȼ󣬵˶вھסüͷ΢סԵıŮȴ첽ֶĽȥ
һܶ౦ڷżСһϻӣǸ߼ĳϻӣϻӲͬϻõͨڵľƣϻοһֵͼ
ŮӿǸľϻһʱļҲֱȥȡֹľϻϵĽơ䡱һ½Ůӵɡ
ӴһչסųľϻһָľϻϵĽơһ±ƿҪľϻʱһŭȰһֽľϻסֹĶ
Х£õѹĺǳ⣬ֱӽŮӱ̵Ѫ
ʱģΪˣ˲ӣд˵𾪣Ȼǰ֮Ǿʶ
չؼǧ꣬ԽЩ귢»˽⣬켫ڷʣҲð߻ħΣǰƹء
ӷסŮӣüǴһ˿εĳ㶼ĥɵҽΪк֣
ʱ޼ͷһЩֻؽ֮һֱţ𽥲Ϊ֪
񣬾ȻС֮£Ҳѹֻһ겻񡣡ĻΪ˥ٱ㲵Ц
ɫ΢䣬һ˫ڵ۾ﷺ⣬켫ѵˣжٶ켫ڡ
Ǻǣ켫ڵĶͲҪХˣƤЦⲻЦĶոսΪض񾳵ϤҪҰ֣
֡ǿ˵ϼſˣʹΪ켫ڵҲšֻű⣬й˼ɷŲֻ֣ȥ档
һˣĿɨ˵ıŮӣлһ˿⣬ڸ켫͵Ҫ֡
Ҳ˼ɶ˶ᲨԵŮӣǣԼͬĽ顣˺ܿ˲뿪˵أͣɽϿգǶղһ˿ڱ⣬ʱĶ
ڱıŮӲδԸõڶ౦ľϻĽƲ׽⿪ģһڰĶɽٵ˺ܿһ𡣱ŮȻΪ˵һ󾳽磬ʵȴɱȼɽ٣һֻȸһʱ켫ڵĵò¡
෨Ȼзƣ켫ڵĶɽٵЩηηţʱһñŮӺֻȸռϷ硣
켫ڵĴӪѾкüλѶ⣬ֻҪס㹻ˡ
ͬʱҡϵɽδ켫ڵɽţͲϿɿɲҪɽϷĲ˺顣
ǦƵʹ·ĻʱҪ¡
ҡ⿴۵ʹգܵѹϢɫ΢䣬޿ϢƼܿѾ׳ϢӦġ
ԭֱ׵Ҳû񣬾鵽ѾĿȫǡǵüһҲΨһһμڷɽ֮ʱʱΪΨʯʧӻĽصޣ˵ֻͼһĳؾУἰؾзȴĪ
ѵǸؾʲôüǰ
ҡ벻ͨ£ʱԺ켫һŻδָʱϾ˼ֻʩ˸۷ʹҡڵĽ켫Ҫ塣
СȥĴҡ⻹δü߼һæ·ĶɽŮޡŮ޳ѾΪǿ˫ͫסŮޣʩչƻꡱҪסŮޡ
Ȼ˾൱ҡʶǿԶ켫ڵŮޣԴݿ֮ѸƿԷʶʶϢô˵м䣬ŮʶӡһǰڱǼӺ
Ҳ˵ӴԺֿöԷĿܣԷ˿˷֮ġ
Ϊ̫ţҡⲻ򲻵Ѳ켫ڵŮ޲ͬ뿪켫ںԼͻӡΪ켫ߵġߡŮ޴ԼȥҪȥĿĵء
Ů켫ڲһ켫еһԭŵȨڶʹ켫Ԫˣ̳
ҡ̵ӣɿ켫ڵıⷽ򣬻δ߽ӭһֻ񿥵ĻɫϷһλŮӣһһиˣŲ·ĴæӴܡ
ʦֶ죬˴󺰡
պøġʦֶæġӡһȸǰֻȸֳչһɿ»𳯶˱˲Ӳӣʶܿ
ڵġӡæ㣬ɲɡץסȸβ˳һԾȸϡ
ſȸϵıŮӲδһԪڵĵӣƴƴõţĿѾɣûҪ
Ҫʹȸ뿪ɽʱһɫ䣬
ѣαôżߣǺúġ



259 
ſȸϵһЮ, ݺݴӰյ¡, ·Ƿϵ֧Ӱˤ, ɱʦֶץסǸקסȸβԪӤڵӣʱȸϡ
ԭȻ˵ݵȸһ, Ҫϵ˦, ȴ·ʲô˼Ƶ, ֻܲΡΡ˫ڿ, ҷȥҲҽϵ˦, ȥίͰ͡
𶷷ļĶһ֮±ˣϵķ±, ѪΪʱȲյҲȷԷԲ, ʱ, 񾳵յ, ѹҲԽԽ
ԭǷĹ, ֻҪץסʱⳡȶ͸ý, ⾹Ӳ, ֻ⣬תΪʽ, Ҫ֡
Խ, Ըͣ, Ҫһѵ
һ, ҡȸ£Ը±ץס
Ƶġʦֶ늀ĵմӡɱⲿ˵ǺܴĴڲԹѾã˴пȡĳ̶ֳϣ汯ߣ˽¼Ӷࡣ
늀Ϊĵϵģǰżɣ˽ڣȻӳλʦʦ֣֮²С
û˵Ļᣬ˵λʦ岮ӱеʲô
ӱһ·׷ļüȻ̬Ȳ䣬˸ʲģһܿܳ壬˭Ҳ볹˺֮ˡ
һɽٵѹŻʦֶѵϲ˭ƻһڣпܡ
˵Ȼֹڳ֮˶δ֮ʲô֮ˡĴֵ÷з׽˶Ϊ׽ָֻľǰλƻӡ
˵֮˸ر⣬Աڵķλһһת˵һǱǼѾʧȥš
һ½켫ڵӿĿⲻɫǰ̫ŵԤڶϻصһ֮ϡ켫ڣƻӳ޵룬ʱ켫ڵȡţô͸ŹŹ֡
Ȼ켫ڵӶµ̫Ĵ󣬵Ǳʶ̫ŵԤ⣬ר켫͵ţ֤ʵ̫ŵԤйء
ڳ켫ڵ۷׷ףеӽ͵͵ͱ޿ϡ漰šʿĹע±й¶˹ע
켫ڸʧȥһ֮˵ţ͵֮˻˼ƻЩеζ
²ϷͣԭһСֲйصҲʼҡ˵ЩѾƻˣмʿѾںţҪ֮ʿƻΪ׽ֻˡ
Ȼ˺󻰣תص켫ڡ
늀˵棬ʵƻô׽ķȻ͵֮£ѵ̫ԣ롮š޳йأ
⻰˵ڳģĿľΪ˶޳Ųɡ
ҡ޿£һ٣ҲΪʲôȻҪ켫ڵԭ켫ڵ䣬ִӱ޿֪ȥɽķ֪ԷпҪȥ͵š
һйȻԤһ̫ϣΨһľŵʲôܣȻͷԸõ
סʼհĴţƺƺƶ¡סΪڴڻǸ˳֣򼸺
ҡһʼɽ䣬˽ڲԣ⸱򶨵ģǣǰʾ늀̽һ
ʦ壬ʩһ˵ 늀Ըո˵Ķɽٵ˵켫ڷڱеĶϻӺͱ϶жصӡֻҪԲǧﶼѭӡҵ
һסɫ΢䣬Ȼϻָڳļɽٵ˾Ѷè塣
ĶɽٵóһöȵСĽɫӡɫӡΧӿϢ֮ӡܳһֻƴϬӰ
ֻϬӰһԱס׹һ˲ʧΧ켫ڵĵ¶죬û뵽׹ȻǸӿռ䡣
˴ʱױɫԲݺݵĿʵʰ㳯ҡȥ԰׵ϲˮƺڳʲôʹࡣ
ʱֻϬӰ׹гһϳĻǸڵľϻӡĶɽٵӹľϻԱߺȻһֻ
ʦ壬忴ܣ켫ڵӶΣ켫˴٣䣬Ϊŵ֮أӦϼӿزŶԣû뵽ʱڷ˽ȥ
ûŰɡ늀ЦĶ˵
Щˣû뵽˲ҪȻһңҲϼӰر⣬ǵ˭رĴ߳ߣķ
׸ǡ
żд߸ɫ˷·ҵĹǰ㣬׷ӭȥߣˣ
ãΪĹϵ켫ڵλȻҲĿɽ֧֣壬ɹ
ץˣߵĻδ䣬𾳵Ϣ



260 
ʦ, ˣ늀˿֡ľϻԵǸԪӤڵ, ǰִ
޲ݷ켫ȻӶ, , , ֮ĵӶ, ԶǿĺȻְѾ, λȴǺеķӵаĴ󲿷ִѪ
λһͷ׷, ĿͫȻ, һҡ;Щ, Ŀɨ, ·ʲôͨж޴Ρ
ֻһۺҡҲȷǷʶԼ
ʦ档΢΢, ΪĹϵ, ּ߱, 켫ڵļλҪ档
λֵĵͷδ˵Ϊ䵭, Ҳ֪ԵǼɽٵ˵ʲô, ɫ΢, ָ˵һڸ켫Ұ, ϵĶ, ͵綴ȥ
Ŀɨϵ׹ҡ򣬿ǼɽٵﻹмʶģȻϳ׹Ǽ
׹켫ڵΪĽӿռ䣬ɽһǻδ͵ĲȱС磬ҡСӦñȲġ
켫ڵҪö׹֮ʱɽϿպһ¡죬һӰӿ£ڲԶҳһӣųһӰӰһţ쵽ֻʣӰסҲ˲ʧ
ҡü΢̧Ҫõö׹ԸҪˣҲ⡣Ȼʹƽµģּţϣ䵽켫
Զʧոսϵܲ·磬õ
ʼû˳ֻһŭ˶𣺡Ƕ£ó桢ȥң
ֱǳϼλǰСȻͬϣۼ˸λҲûʱϽ͡
Χһ˺ܿɢ뿪˭Ҳͷùͷ
ҡ⾲ڷ늀󰵺ңһʶͨü⹻ǸԸˣȻ²̫
ִչˣҲõˣҲʱˡҡͷ̸ڷ늀뿪ǰȻ˵յͽܣһ壬Ҫ㡣
늀ҡһ늀ԴĿһۣĬĬ׳ơǡ
˺ܿͻصɽ˵ŨԽԽŨɽѾҪҺɽϹ̫ŵɽţҡɽҪʤһҲԿ̫жӺʢ
Լĵ̣Ҳֱӿżɽʣ켫ڣ֪ν£
ҡüָ˱òͲ۾
׽糣ʶ¼ƪд壬ߣߡͰһΪ嶼Ǽߵ壬թ˽䱸ߣƣӵпı죬ڻĹ֮ʣ彻ã䵱ʦĽɫ
Źɣڸ˳ҡ۲գĲڳѣ˫֪⻰Ųá
һԵķ늀Ķ˵ˣӿɷ⿪ϵӡ
һƣҡⲢΣɫ̩Ȼڷ늀ʶڵӡ
ǶɽڵŮһ¶ججƬ̺ɫһݣ˺Ŀҡ⣬˵ʦ
ڰ֣ĻȳȥΪʦҪ顣
늀ЩģҪ˵ЩʲôĿǲҿڣֻ¡
ӣ롣
̧òݣºͳϢʮ׻˺øСҡⲻ߲֣λԱλǰʺλá
Ӻȣ˲ֹһǰ㣬Ұǳߣ켫δ¶̫ŵķչͼȻɣҲ˵켫ڵǳڧˣ켫Ҳ̳
Ҳԣڧֻӣûжȹ˥٣Ȼ䣬֪Ϊˣأλһһˣ켫һ겻񣬷ֱ
ҡԭ켫ڵ³һʱûĻ
ѶŸȤ
ûķ˵
šۣҡ͵ػعĿɫ˵γԣ
켫ڣѵΪţЦһʡ
ҡǧذתΪһЦգգ̹ȻҶŵȷЩȤλƻŵȤƺ˵λɱġ
ûнĻֵ˵̫ŻϹ̫ŵĴУŴǰ̫ŵĶѵѲδӴеõŵϢ
㵽˵ʲôĻҡⲻԾķ΢΢ȴġ
Ϲ̫ѹ˵Ϊصšʼӣ˵һ̫ŵ
ҡͷ᾵һ룬Ļﻹ᾵Ŀ̫ںʧʮǰ黨켫һﱻֻ֣Ǻڶʳߡ
ڣֱ÷ʹƶᵽڻԼɽ
̫ŵļУһֱѰһ᾵ͼ¸ԭ᾵ϧûҵ̫žͺȻɽ¼Ѱҵлᵹǿѭȥң˵ҵһ᾵õ
ޱ֣͵˵ʱ̫ţʱ˲Сȥţôˣһ˫ЦۿЦݺů˲ʧȥ䱸
ҡĿ΢ǵЦʧΣ
ѿˡһһٵ˵˵ֲһ䣬ʱŻֻһ̥
̥ҡü΢ظĻϵֲԾá
ŵĴţһֱ˵ĳС壬Ҳȷ֣׸̫ѰӺͺôʼմŶֻһֻܱȽ⣬ѵõռȻ̫ƷڣűĵȻ޹⡣
ѵǼٵģֻ̫Źڣ˵Ŀƿ
ˣȷţһʼͽ̫ţȻǶйоʵ޷Ųò̫š
ҲܽΪʲôҪõţ֪Щʲôʧߵ
ϧɽЩ鼮вδᵽţҲı
뵽̧˼˵֪ЩģΪҪ˵Щ
Ȼ뵽ƺеаһʼ̫ŵõѹ˵ѣ̫Ҳϻˡ֮켫ڵսƷߣԭﶥž켫ңλһһˣһŵĵλûס
ɽźȻе֡
ȻϹ̫˽Ķ࣬Ӧ֪̫ŵĻʲôЦɫ˵
ֻĺҡԵɴۣԾĿ
Զ֮սԪ⣬һȻûг಻ԶӡϹ̫һֻ̫ſɽʦΪޣ˵ֻ׽һְֻ̫⵽ɹֻδȥǺ̫һУ̫һΪʱ䳤еһ㳾
ֲáҡиɫ
ֲԭ켫ôңúõĶţڶ̶ǧһŵĵλҲסǴ˵ߵĻһԵ׵ѣѸƵõ׳졣
ֲʲô΢΢šüʲô
ҡջ˼Щʣðһʣˣ
ƺϹ̫żΪϤѵ̫Żδǰͳ̫ڿѾʮˡ
˼ЦҵȷѾʮˣ
˶ٲż˵жʮҶڳ˯ֱǰѹ
ǰ켫ڵʱ䡣
ҡĬȻоӦú·Ӧúлģ˶ǳ˯ʮ꣬ࡣ
˵Щѵ͸¶켫ˡκǰˣ˵
늀ƻꡱõ늀ļ䣬ǰλ˵֪֮д˽⡣ڷ늀ӡλʦɲ⣬ƺʲô鶼
΢΢һЦǳɫӸǳǳЦ⣬̩Ȼ¸켫ڶ㲢޺ô෴£˵벻ĺô
ҡգգۣ벻ĺôǲ켫ڱ̫λ
֮ǰһֱ˵ţŵײʲôܣתصϡ
ü΢ɫоżҲδ͸ܣҲֻһ̥
ʲôҲֻ̥ҡ̲סľϻȡ
һֱֻ̥޷ƳԵ̫һֱƷ֮ϡ



261 
֮ϣ
ҡ¶𶯣׽֮ϻ취, ޲Tɻǹ취, ǹɻǹȻԭͬһƷףΪδ, ֻ
컯ͻ׽繫ϵ̫ţֻ̫ħǡΪֹ, ҡõƷߵķļǽػ̥ûˡ
ܹ, Ʃ粻ǰŵ۾һ, ϵķ׽̫֮ӵ֮޼, Զţӵľǿı־
һ֮ϵķ㹻׽޼֮شԼҲȤŵƷ˸ߣҲ޹ֺ̫Ҫ
СƬ컯Ƭϵķ, Ϲ̫ŵ֮񣬿ʱʮʥ嶼һܱȵù
ҡִľϻϣ˸ЩãСƬ峤̫ŵġ
ҲúСסú, Ⱥƺٶ뵽, ̧׿, ˵ЩΪΣ
ſԸ㣬Ҫ̫š̬Ŀƽķ·˵һ漰취Ľס
ҡü΢Ƭ̣ЦԣƷ֮ϣ֮һһɣǿˣ
Ȼô˵ȴĲΪ⣬̫ŶԲͨһšһԴڽ̫̫׽ĶԻϾ޼֮Ȼ󣬵ױصעײǰ
һ֮޼֮غ޳Ļᣬ
޺Ц˵˵Ļȴҡͫ΢Ŀ⣬ܿƽ𶯵飬ζ˵仰ʲô˼
׽Щ޾µ֣Ҫ汻һǧСѾͷƭתǰ׻ôꡣǺһЦ㣬֮ȴ˲һ
˼ǣ޳ʢƻҡü̹ȻһԣЧǻм٣ԡ
ϵȷ޳δƭˣֻ˲޳ѾһΪһϡ
¶΢Ц޳ָʲô˶Ҳ֪޳мҲ˵
ҡɫ΢䣬ȻһģȻָⳡ̸˴ʱ·硣ľϻϵ״滭ȦκЦһŰǰߣʧһֱΪ£û뵽վ
⻰ЩӸµζϾһѪ壬ǻĹžʹڵĹѪǱȲ̫ħĺᡣ˵ֻʣСèֻûĴѪ
ˣ²û˼ǺһЦεҡҡͷǴųȻҲһʼ͸¶Լ
κҡ۴΢ָľϻաڰտĻԵ÷ͻأ
˵ƺʲôüһ壬תͷ˵ҪˣԼʱ̸
ҡոնӣȺȥ̸£ûɽĶ˵ˡ
ֻûӳĸ֪
ȴ߰ɡľϻдһ˿ĸɫ
Һʱ˵Ҫ£ҡⲻϵľϻŤͷƳɫһ̲סʵҽŴߣλ𽻴
ʯϣЦɫȻٲߣ߲ˡ
ҡԷɫ֪϶Ӧ֮Ǻԥʩչݹ뿪ɽ
һ뿪켫ڵķΧ͸֪һɺ˵ϢܿʧɽС
Χε˻δȫ뿪ҡ⿴ɪ֮еɽ΢ֻ˵ĲͨɿЩ޾µֿɲǺúŪģƫƫɽ粻ǿ˶У߲һơ
Ҫ־ԸˣֻҪ֣ܲ಻ŶνֻҪռͨž͹ˡ
µ񣬡ĴѾȾòˣٲ¿»ҹζ࣬ǼѾǱߺܻܿۡ
ֻǣȱһԸɣѵšеͷҡЦһ۷ҡɽȻĿһԶ
Ӱһǰһɿ쿿ǰǱӴܵʶºԽᣬǸЩŹֵߡ
ȻԷҲϳԽһ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ҡż֮ʣԶ֮޶麣Ϣķһ䡣
һ޼ʵ麣ܶĳǺ⣬ںݣ˱ֵĵش麣ֻһСƯں档
ʱһ߳׵ĹڵĶ麣ԾС˰㸹㣬Ųմصϵķƶ
˼ɺƺߵ̫һΪ˫ᣬϢͷɵϡ
ܵʲôһƬɫҶ£һĴָͷͷ˵
㿩Цּϸ۶ҪˣǴң
˭ǵ鷳ȥ˭ֻˮĸأͷߺߵĴ
ƼǸ鷳Լȥ޼֮ˡЦһΪޡ
䣬麣Ȼӿˣһ޴ڶ麣γɣԽԽļơ
ͷ͹һԼͬķɽ֮С
еײһ޴ĺԴԴϵΧĺˮĺԼܿһѽںС
γյشˮոտƺйڰжԿЩӿĶ麣֮ˮ
ʱţལϵĽɫԽԽǶ黮һ⣬һӿˮϳˢ̬
֪˶ãһֻƴĺСǺͷβһ۽ţȻһ壬һ˵ĵϡ



262 
ʱͷ͹뺣۵, µνɫ΢, ͷƫͷ㣬̾Ƚ, õѽ˵ܽʥ
лһ˿̰ͻȣǻ˲֪µϹ, 㱻һ仰Ŀӽƿɤе, ڭ, Ҷǲ, 㲻˵һе㶯ģڣǺǡ
ĲģڭЩź˰ѺӣЦеʡ
˰β齣ĿѾõ, ɤżȻãºôûõһɧ
ǵΪ磬Ȥ޷صĶĳ̫, иһĿ, ٺõĽҲ˲䷭ˡһ潲, ζ˽ԷǾ겻ų֣Ϥ˱˴˵·ײϵ
˵еֻѾʵźתΪһŻƶӡ
öӱϸС·ɫϸƿ£һȥȴ̺رζ
ƣ˵鷳ǰ۾ֱˣֽһʱǣһҪǰɵӡ
һĽشӽϷֱָ㡣ǹһҲǹɽ⣬Ҫ¡
֮ʣһӴѹӽѹùڭ˵֮⡣ֱѹ붼ˣвѪۼ׷϶ӿ
֮Ѫ겻ԲʱѪȴһɶǿűߵƿأĺȥһüʧ
ֻкһ˿ϢǿᡣڹǱڭһʼѹ𵽼⣬δԣź붢ֻԵĺ꣬Ŀд⡣
̲ס뻬ĺߣŭڭҿңһŭΧĺˮ˲Χγյش
ĲڭٺһЦƯˮСɿ˵츳ͨǰʹҲ޷ֵȻֻʱ˵䣬Ϣ˼ʧȥǡ
ãҵĲ㱻Цˣ齣Ưĺ꣬лһ˿âЦ˵ҽΪΣɷ/Ҳ
ڭһŵĺ꣬е˵Ҫ£Ҳ
Ǻڵעħ֮սȥôãˣ㾹Ȼ廹л롣
ѵһֱǧ硣ڭЦʧĿϣֻĴָСϸ鼫ѿͫһɫ£ޱȡ
ҪȥԴ磬Ȼ¶Ȼ飬λ˵ʲô
ڭüһ˵ոûж齣ȻһâǽâԽԽаɿۼҪâ
콣£һһ˲˻صۿڡϢֻһġ֨Ӻ۵ײ𣬽
ƥâ֮УʼһŵĺѱסȽʧѣһ˴ӹ߳
üͦǣһ˫ĺʻȻɣһɵϡ
лһŵ㶣ָڵ˫ͫž˿е뷨
齣һ·ɵǰĽտտҲǴǰʱ۵ģ
̧֣У齣һõĽ
顣Ľκ³֣Щƣƺǳûп˵
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ӣһߣҡԽԥĳ嵽ǰ͸Żֲ̿м߷ߡ
׷ǸɽʿĻɶסĿͣҡϣһʱƿߡ
ҡЦЦĿԽᣬƳ۲ԶǸԼĶɽٵҺԽѺ𣿡
ǸɽٵĻڻع۾һ˲˲ĿĹԱţɢ˶ݣݼӡ
Ŀϣаζҡ̲סüǱԽᣬȻ
ȻԽûкøУǸɽʿĿΪϲ׽ΪòָܵĴǰֳ/㲻εĿѾûˣһʱЩϰߡ
׷ʲôҡûˣ߻صԽϣºȻΪôʣӡĻǳ˻ᱻһɽ׷ûŲ·Լ
Խɫף½΢΢޺޵ĶŲԶˣҧгݵ˵ϵϣɱ˴ⲡ
֮ⲻԶ
Ǹɽʿһѹ䱸˺ɣЩżָԽҡ͵ӱ͵ҵĶҲһ·׷
˵жѾӱ޿õһЩϢҡ⣬ȻչһЦЦݼȴٻҡҷ
һЦ֮еĶɽʿƺǲΣգ˲Ӵ֮ܵ⡣
һ˲佫ߵӰûԪûѡ
ҡⲻŲæջؽŤͷԵˣЦɱ
ԽɫҰףͷҿƺһ֮ס



263 
վţҡʼһеģ, ûп˵, κԽڳסŵл, л
Ҳ˵ϵӣ֮Ͱˣ˵ȷɱҡüɨһ, ɫΪ䵭
ºȻϵĸӹڲһƬгԽһС˼١, ŮʥŮ滹һ
ŮȻҶԸ, ɲ
Ȼй, Ӱҡ⶯ɱǸɽʿȻǵΪðʹɱ֣Ӽ߰ߣɱҲΪ޳һ
ɽǸ߽ʿǸһɱĶɽʿ޻С, Ȼʲô̰ɫС£ϾöɽٵҪҲ˸ͽᡣȻëϲ˵ĵ£һǰŰɱһӵԪӤڵ¡
ȻƷ覣ͲסǸҵʦ, ʦĶ, ο˲, ɢ˸λ⣬ǼȻֵЩǱɢѹȥ
ʵΪһλɽڵʦҪ£˲ţԸðŵʦΣն¡
ȻλʦҲ㱿ﲻ֡û漰ԼҵӺ󱲣ЩŴҲһֻ۱һֻۣⱡ
Ȼ׻˵ںӱվвʪЬҡ⣬ֱ֪Ϊֻø³
ΣǶлӴȡԽ᲻֪ʲôɫ䵭¶ֹ顣
ҡعбһۣζ˵Խлֱ˵ɡ
ȷҪ֪ӡ
΢ᣬƺЩԥŵʶ䡣ҡû֨ޱĿ⸱˵ݵӡ
ϷݲȥԽšüģĿдӷŲǰӳִȣȥֻнһ¸ӣԴ˱ӣƻйء
ҡһʱ뵽޳ո뿪켫ڣ޳ݣ
ѵѡ޳Խ᣿ҡ۾һ˲˲κŵ˵ز˵ĵط߰ɡ
Խᰵһ뿪˵ء
̺ǣ¥
ҡ⼤ڵ󷨣Թһվţʾ¡
Ҫ˵ʲô˵ɡ
Խ΢΢ףѡ˸ԶλŵҪӵ˵
ŭԸԸҪ˵˶٣ɫЩȻһʼҲԸǻĹ᾵һ᾵ºܽҵ֪᾵䣬ȻԸ׷ǱӦ
ҡⵥ֧ã΢΢ۣȻĲһƺӳϡ
Ǳ͵Ϯӣƻϲϱ仯δüҾͽ˻ǣԽü΢¶֮ɫڻŮʥŮ˵а취뿪Ƕ
ԽԽƺø͵ϮǴΣذЩҿľٶ
ҡ΢㶣в񲻽ĵط͵ϮҲ֮⡣ɴཫƾͼƣ͵Ϯɹȥ˳һ뿪˻ǡ
ѵڼʲôû⵽
ĶЩŹ֣ºѾǲˣԽ¶һǸЦָʶţò͸¶һЩذƺ䡣
䣿ҡɫ΢䣬׽֮Ϊأ˷ʤȥݹǳǡ
յ䣬һЩ֮Ʃ統ڲɽõĶɶʯ쾳ڴҵĹ黨
ԽῴĿд̽ƺδк
ȷ䣿ҡ򴽣ü£δк֮ʡ˼ʥѵǶûз쳣֮
̫νǵ۾
Խͷͫ΢תƺЩʲôƺʮаգ˵׽ڳԼ⣬ֶ֪Ρ
Ļҡüָź촽ã˼
һԵԽɫĬĬڡ
֪ˣл֮ҡջ˼ĿⶨĿҴ£Ҫʲô
ȫĻ϶ǰ޹ʲôԸΪ顱ˣ˵ľ֮ûҪУûкô˵ױơ
Խ˵棬Ҳ˵͵ϮҪĿĲɱҪϢ䡣
ˣ˾ֻΪ˱ľ֮ĿġԽһҡͷϡ
ӦûϵϾողżҡЦһ̯¶Ķ
һԪСˣĿЩ졣
⡱ԽῴԪɫ䣬Ƭ̺ǿԻָ򶨣ǿЦԭӻԪ񡣡
ҡ⽫еԪС飬Ԫ֮ɢеʧǱһĪƮȪķ
ӽң˵ûĿġЦЦĿԽᣬԼ˸ۣûֱɱǸɽʿԪ񣬹ȻһЩȤĶ
ǸжĶɽʿǰĻǼٻȻЩɫ⣬֮׷ԽᣬȷΪһ
֪ǲУԽܣڶƺҲʱ⣬·֪λãײ
ˣĲĿģԽЦһЩε̾˿ӲҪ˵ʲôĿĲӻΪѣܽ֮ǰµĹ
ҡɫ΢ȻЩ׹ڣԽᲢ֪޼֮صĹϵ׽缸˾֪˵޼֮ʾá
ȻҲпǼͶϣĿġ
ӶǶõһ˿֮ǰ£˸⡣
ǡԽɽȡһƴͭƬ֪ҡѾӶԪеõм䣬ȻҲֻʵʵ
ҡⲻĽӹ¯Ƭģ˵ȻӶ񣬲ҲæԽҪʲô
֮¼ǰѾͨ޼Ѹ׽磬Ѽ¯ƬϽзȻ˲¯ĺ壬̺ǣ֮»ǾԲ¯֮¯֡
ò¯ƣȲ뵽¯ֻţ˵ӡ֪¹ʿ£ֻѰңǲܶʿ֪Ҫҵ¡
˵Цˣо֮ҪɱĶ͸㡣 ԽȻЦ̸侹˿ǿƺͭƬߡ
ǺðɡҡЦЦͭƬ档
ԽĶʶȤЦ£ȸˡ
ҡͷת̤š
Σɣս
ʲôϵͳ ҡͫ΢ŵĳſڵķȥ
ʲô顢Խˣϵͳˣ



264 
Ѿ̤ŵ˲һͣǳϵӰԭز, ״ת, ɻʣѸո˵ʲô
һʱ߲ˡҡЩ´ǰˡû뵽Խ, Ȼϵͳָñôôҡ
ʶԼΪ, ԽΪȻⲻ֪ͨȣԽԭ츳ѰڼͻƵ, Ѿ׽һš
Ļ, Խ˼΢ת, ɫһ䣬תӡźȻ顱һ¹ϣӦѱס
ҡḲǣȷ͵Ķһ, סˡ͡Աߵϡ
øոǸϵͳ˵ӸµĸűµˣĿ·ܽȫ͸ϵ˽ŵñ
˵ʲôԽĿ˸˰ųϸ, ϸ塣
ҡЦĿ, Ҳǿ, ֻ۾һһظոĻɣս˵Ķô
ʵһԽʱԼһﻹЩ֣δ룬Ͼһ˭Ҳ뵽ϵͳ翵Ķ˵׽˴δ˵ҡûǾ仰ǰҲû뵽Ķ
ϵͳĳ֣һʱոյ֪䶼ʱԺҪϵͳǺηʥ
ϵͳ˵ѵϵͳˣ
һеĵ˵ʶԽԭװɵϵͳУҲ֪ûǼûڲ
ҡҲЩɻû仰ϵͳ˵
񾳵ǿȲܲϵͳĪѾг𾳵ǿȣ
ʵ𣿡ҡûлش⣬һԵϣ۾Ҫ֪ϵͳϢ
ϵͳû֨ԵԽҵῪڣɵĿҡ⣬ʣΪλ֪ϵͳ
ϵͳ֣׽δֹΪǾѿڶġϵͳסûһʼ뿪˵ء
ҡ΢̣û⣬߰Ĵȷе˵Ѱϵϵͳ˭㣿
пܵӦþǼʥŪⶫʲô
ϵͳʼװ˵ҡⲢż̧ԽᣬսݸһЦӦʶɡ
ЦܽޡȴԽһƤκס޷޷Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ҡҲûڴش˫Ŀ۾ɫӲ֪ʱ䡣Խ˫ۣ˲ʧ񣬾ҪʧȥʱһݺݵĴ̼꣬ʱع
ԽѣٵֿСĳɥʧǡҡǹ۾Уǰס˫磬۾档
ס˺ȻˣԽ˫һƮ̣˲䵽ſҪŶ
һƥ㽫𣬡һߵԭⲻ׻ԭϡ
𣬻һס㣬ֻ𶦣ǹԹŰɡջذҡⲻֱ̽ʶԽ޷ֻܼϵͳа취ȹ˽١
ϵͳ²ǰ㣬غʱ˳ӵϴ媣ͨһƼ룬ǿȾȻ󾳽磬
ʶмųУ־ʶʶѣҲΪʲôǿ̽ʶ˻ʶңɥʧǡ
ҡǿȶԽѹʽģԷʶʶ˰ʶ̽һ顣𶦾ʶԼзԲǧֻʮϢʱͽʶѲһ飬Ǹ翵ϵͳûбҵǷһЩ
һѰɫĳƷڼƷɽУҡ²ѽӦþԭбħһȭͷòĺɫʯͷʯͷϲƣЩĪʯϵȻ߲ƣ̲صζȴЩͨ
еһ鷺ʹâľ壬ûϴӦƲʯҪ񾧡
ʶڻмҡⲢȤüҵԽ꣬ҪֱӴļҵϵͳټ
Ҫ֮ʣǰѰ쳤Ȼ˹ͬʱһ̶СĽϢ뿪ʶ
ҡƶԽ᲻Լʶִ󶯾ֻԶԶ㿪Ȼǽȴֻӳ뽣ʧȥȻֻǰ뽣Ҳʶ𵴲ݣɴ˳ʶ
˳ʶҡָצĳһһŽӲӵĶӳ
ֻһʶֲԪϽȥϵͳҴӳʶôû뵽˻أ
ֲнָԭǽָ̫ҡⴹĶתתϸһϷЦݡ
ͦġĽӣӹЦ⡣ɨ̱ϵԽᣬֻ˫ĿԴͷ󺹣ɫҲ׵ˡ
֪ʲôʰɡ
ĬƬ̣ϵͳһԵԽĻ۽΢վû˵ʲô
˭㣿ǡҡҲĵ⡣
ΣȨ޲㣬޷ش
ҡüųһǰɡ˵ֱϵͳľ塪ǿŽ𶹶
棡棡ⲿʶ룬޷ֹԻٳ
ǿһ룬һ˳㱻ٵϵͳæڣٺ
ллϵͳԲ½㲻ҪҶ
ЩܻҲû֮ǰıͲ顣
½磿ҡüǵõԼε˳ʱ½һߵ顣Ǹ߱ƺһӣһֻơ
ǲ½ģΪλ׽磬ʲôĿģջطɢ˼ҡܿץص㡣ΪϵͳǼʥģû뵽Ȼһǧ硣
ǧ֮мǿųһֻϲܿס֮˳ǧ硣ϵͳ壬⵹Ǹ©
֮ǰĽѵڣǸϵͳû˸
ŪΣٸ㡣
ڳҲֻԽһҡû뵽ΪԽ֪ȨûСҲû˵ʲôˬķסʶʶ޷ǵĶԻ
ϵͳѼ׽緢´ز½磬֧Ѽ
ҡ˼΢תЩ׹ҲҪѼģ
ǵġ
ѵ½ҲҪ죬лͷʣ׽㣬жٸϵͳ
Խǧ粢ףĿǰֻбϵͳɹˡ
ϵͳǿֻɹԽǧ磬ΪԵá
ҡЦ⣬ע⵽ǸνɣǵʲôΪʲôҪң
ףĺ˽ϵͳǸЩ⣬С͡˵
ˣҡȻڻ˵ֲΪʩضġ
Ǹر֮ʩܹ֮Ӷܡ͡ߵˣҲ˵͡൱һ˵
ҡĽͰһ˰ʹʧȥˣǿԲӶᡣ
ԼΪʲôû˿ϵġ䡱ϿǸ洦ġ͸Ҳûõ䷽룬Ϊõʲô˵ı
Է˼άä
ǲ½ģ
ĵ׽粻ϳϵͳȴ˳йŹ֡
͡Ů̵֮һΪϵͳ֡͡ĺۼǱ߲Ŵָ㡣
Ụ̊ҡԴˡһըҳһѸָһ𰸣λǲ½ˣ
ֻҪǲ½ˣһо˵ͨˡ
˺ܾãϵͳǱ߲Ŵ
Ů̵ŮΪ̹汻ϣ֪Ϊ׽硣
˭
Ҳܸ㣬Ҽʹ㣬Ҳʶ
λŮҡⲻĵ̽
Ȼҵ⻹ʣ
˵



265 
ԽѣϵΣ ҡ⿪ӡʶĽ, Ըոѵ˵
˽, Խʧȥ۾ָɣĻƬ̲ŷӦ, üۺʣʲô
ҡ̯ġ𶹶ⶫɡ
ңԽͫ΢, һ˫۾ɲĿһʱûŪͼˣ鲻Խֽӹ
ܳԾΪһߡҡü, ¶һζЦϵͳĹ֮, ȤһӽࡣνǱѹե͹, ô󣬷ܴǱв
Ȼ˵ԼԲ½磬Ծɵϸ֮쳣ǿ󣬹ƾһͲԼߡв, ʶе޳СסһҲܱ֡ϵͳҪߣڷα˼Լʲôܱܶ̽һ
Խ̬ȣҲ, ϵͳ, ܲʵ
׶, ֪Ǳһӣɵ˲ǡ
ԽĿ΢ĶȻչЦ츳ףֳҲΪ档
ϵͳ鸴ӣҲǸŮߣƿز˵ױ¶м޼֮زԻ˳˵µ˵ݡ
ûвͶ£ҲҪ̫ҡⲻÿɷЦЦոյĻڻϵ𣿡
˶ָ˭
ǰһ棬֮δϵԽָ侲лһ˿ȻҪʲô
ҡգգۣЦʹ˴򽻵ʡġĿ۶Էȥһ¡
ϵͳ̸ν͡ѾЩüĿΪȷһʧЩ׼
ǰڰڶ˽ɫתΨһĲȶؾǲԷʱӶˡȻ޷ȷԻǣԼӶġʱȨˡ
ãһĻԽû˿ǿЦŵ˵ͷĪ˵ܾˣԣùʲôˡ
ҡԼǹɼ֮飬ҲƣЦ˵̺᲻վҪʼԽѲ죬Ϸ
룬ҲԽǳЦĺ۸һĹ⡣
*
ʱ̺ǼʮԶĿ˸֮͡
λ޶޺ޣӵдСǧЩϾ۾Ųˮ壬ǳpһһ塣Ȼ岻ʮʥУḻԴҲռһϯ֮ء
ǰڶؾбˮûˮڿ
ɵǿĵĵ죬ĵ̣շɵˮ壬p塢塢ȵȿļ׷ãΧļҲˡ
ؾԿӰ죬ɵĵڽһˮᣬֿ֮ĶԲߡ
ǳpĴӪ𵺱ûpһʧأҲ˳³Ϊ
峤λקź뻹û˵仰˵ײײͰ͵˵壬峤޵ġ
ôˣûõĶ˵˵峤߸𣬴Ļ˵˵˵壬ֱ˶ǰȥˡ
ͨǺڽ˵ޣ޵ˡ
ڳˮĻһƫһ磬޵ã˵Ļ壬ǿһĶǿ塣
˶ˣ˭峤ɨˣϵʡ
ˮĵ̣Ϊͷռŵ˺ͣҲҪؾء
ֻһǡ˻δ˵껰һӰѾǰ
λڴĳp峤ˣĿЩŹ֣һĶţη
ҲһŹֵĿˣܵһ֮Ϊ𾳣Ƕ͸˵Ϊ硣ֻֿܣһûΪȻΪ磬Ϊڳ֮˶ߣԿԷΪ
ڳ֮˶ںһֿܣϾǰһ֣Ϊĺ󱲣峤֮ӣܷһ⡣
óȻãˡɫѵĵ˵ͷһȦͣ峤ϡ
֪ΪΣ峤һۿЩţΰһźЦʣ֪Сν£
ν²λȻǧɲ߸պù䵽
ʵɵȷһҪ峤æ
峤һЩõԤУϻǱźЦ֪СҪʲôֻҪһΪ
Ȼǿˮɲ峤Ȼ︹ҪͿĶԴǰˡ
ûϻش𣬶ǿΧڵˣ˵òɣǵ峤Ҫ£µ°ɡ
ǵ²Сѻ˵°ɡ峤ɫǿЦ޵ǿˮڲôһ¡
Ҳ׷׸͵С˵ɣǲż
ˣ̸ɡīü΢ЦòȾ̻
ڳ֮㿴ңҿ㣬Ҳ˵ʲôˣҲʲô˵£ɡ
峤һĿӻַԸְ˰֮͡Ҳ⣬һʩʩȻ¡
һȺˮոյĻ⣬ǰڳЩú֮ǰ˵λp峤֪⻹⣬תͷԶˣ˵ؾ󣬵ص׳һСҲ񿊺౻Ⱦ֪СѺм⣿
û뵽p峤ѯȻˣҲ֪λſʲôϾԶžǿ壬֪һЩǲ֪Ķ
ԱߵƺҲû뵽лһ˿ɫƬ̣ҵи취С
ƽ˵Ļȴ˿ڳ֮Ȼ̫ţҽʣ֪Сʲô취
ȾˮѾ˾סȻЩ㿊İٷ֮һǲԶƣȥԺ
û˵ʲô취ֻ峤Ƶ˵ǰҪѰһ
ڳ֪⣬׷׵ܽΣСҪʲôǿ·ҲΪҵ
ǿһˮ壬СѲҪæΪĵһˮ峤峤һľԴ˵ǰɣp峤峤ļЦǺǵ˵
˷׷׸Ļ
ڻϿ峤ûΣһǿͷЦСܽҿΣ˵ҪҵĶЩ峤Ҳôġ
ɨˣЩ峤Ŀ£ֻӲͷƤӦ͡
ȻˣȥȾĵط˫Цĵͷ
ڳʮ峤Ҷӣ׷һȺ˸ȥȾƬˮ
˺ܿ뿪ɵȾĺ򡣿ԿԭĺˮΪʴ·ϴī֭ˮһƬˮлһʵĹŹϢ
ؾ϶δƿ׳һɲĺǴӺӿġ
֪Сʲô취ͣڿϷ۰ͰΪ׵İˡ
ûŵ±ȾĺˮüͷĿ·Ҫ͸ˮ庣׵ĺ
˵ȻżҲֻӡʮ˫۾ĿƵĶѱ˿ϰߣҲ΢΢ü
ԶһЩ˼Ƭ̣ƫͷǡ
ĻæʮԶ
ǵľ룬ɫƽĵͷȡ齣ӿĺλȥֻһɫ뺣УˮǣȾĺˮ·ϡ͵ī֭ɫ𽥱䵭
ı䵭ˡԶϲʮɿȺˮ׷׿ȷееĽ
һ֮ΪҲ𾳣ٲʶҲܿǰѽͬ졣
ǻδֵ̫Ŷе֮һ𣬺سΪ񷣬ڵصΪؾؿѣЩڵĵŻ׽硣
ǼΪѲĶʹմȾҲ̫ùû뵽ֻƾһɢʵڽ˲ò룬ǽǷ
˱ܻ֮ӭ̶ȻڻԪ֮ϣԪԪ룬һ˿ϣĶ
ĿȵĶ齣ȴĬĬ˽ǵЩüΪλû˽
Ѿ֤ڸöֳŵˡ
ˣڳҲ޷ǿ峤ˮʵ֪СҪѰҺ֪λãҲѰҡ



266 
Ȼطɵû͸¶ҪҵĶɵķ
ԭʮˮ峤һɻĸ, ˼ѾµҪҵıضɵйءp峤ζĿ峤, ԷȻҲԣźüĽ, ȥɵˡ
ɵӷΪĵԼ֮㣬סĵмʮ, һ壬в۾ڴˡ
صɵҲ, ͣڷɵϿ, һ˫βϹĺ۳¸, ˼
һȺ˼ȥҲ׹¿֪«ʲôҩΪ׵峤յǰǿЦСҵĶڷɵ
˵ʮǰ, ɵڴˡûлشĻȻ˵һɵ¡
p峤峤֮ǰڣţʮǰɵзɵ, λҲڴ˴
ʱһǷ𵺡һԵ峤ۺϷ, Ŀ峤ͳp峤֮תơ
峤Ų, ɵϹŴԴͨ˵أ˵Ϊѹһֻ꣬Ҳֻ֪Σ˵⿴峤
ֻƳ˷ѪһҪɱΪ䡣
ڳĸ峤ｫɵĵϸǵһɶʮǰϹŴһֻ𾳵ѹڴ˵أɵڴ˴ռݴ˵ɵȡ𵺳Ϊһ
˵Ļ΢΢Щʧ񣬼ǵǰ˴ǰýŵĿ۹¡˼ˣһƽӴԺʶ𴽽ǣҲȾЦ
˵£ҲһӾ뵽ֻȥ
߳ʧЦȴڳ˻⣬໥񣬳p峤ȷʣĪСҪѰ֮йأ
Уʮ꣬뿪οϻסżʮ飬Ǳų⼸ʮúȥδӣû˵峤Ѿ̲סڷԡ
أȷǷйء峤ЦǺǵ˵ΣʱˣԷǳŷɵģǲûʲô۾һܿһϷ
ϳΪһˮ壬ˮв²⡣궼̳֮һѪѪʮֵӽĹ壬ͷѹ괫ų˷ѪҲ˵޽ӽ䡣
ռݷɵ󣬳Ѫ츳ʮĺ󱲣ˮҲɵӣܿͿʼľѪ󱲵Ѫ֮
ϧߣȴǿģɵҲ徭Ӫͭǽڣˮ弫Ѳ֣˵Ūֻꡣ
ۿһջ˼ֿķɵ·ûвΧաκתͷ峤ҪλǰҪһ峤ȫ
죬˵ȫȴŲ๵ơ
˵ֻҪһ峤˿ֻҪ뿪ʲô
ˮԶЩʧǷųֻ꣬һƣδĵһָ˭ء
峤ſɡü΢ɨˣӹһ˿ζĹ⡣
峤ʶòףæҪҪȥȡ
ҪȻһЦֻҪȤ
ǿæΪǿһˮ峤Ϊʣ峤ֲ´˵
˷׷׹Ӧͣѽѽɲܶǿ棡
峤ǹͷǣϡͿͷſϵķ󣬽ɵĳǰ
״ȡһĻ̯
ͼĵ峤Ļɾ㵵ѿڶ
ͼԶʼʥķ֮һ˵ǼȻżʥʧͼҲʧȥټģ޿洦ɼ˵峤һĶ;г
ǷĺͼҡҡͷеĻһףǻڰգӨӨ׹⡣
ҪֿȻӴӳ֣⻰˲쳹ɵŻ͵һӻзɳһСİ׹⣬츲ס
ɵϱ׹յ鶸ȻһϷɣʱ뵽ոĻʶֿƾ׹С
ʣµĶЩΪĸ߽ʿѰ׹⣬ʲ֪¡
ҲǣδӦ֮ǰȡ齣ɵӡĲ/ȥ
齣һµģһâԾâǰһţ齣Ĺâڣ˲
峤ֹֻšꡱһӡĲӷ϶ӫ⡣Ϣɵڿն뿪ɸߡ
һֻ޴걳죬ˮ档мʮ󣬵ֻ꿴ƺΪɡΨһЭϰһʵζɿ
ɵڹ걳ϣζĶܿݵķѣˮѳɺüС죬ڵϵʿǴæվˮУȥòǱ
ͬʱݡࡱӺðΧ¶˲ԭ峺ĺˮ·տķˮð
ҽɵ֮¾Ȼһأ˱ӶıʾûҪ˵˭Ҳû뵽ѹĵطȻһ׻ɽʱܱĻɽ
˵һУ峤²ܣ뵽˴ʱȴǷӦһƺ֪ǰһС
걻˳δйٶʮȶ̵̧ͷеˣ죬Ҫö
׵
ȥɡ겢δʣſ³һֱԼߵԲԲƺ͸ˮƣװɫ΢Ưɫ
齣֪ӺδԲ͵ڰըװŵɫ΢㣬齣ȥ
ҡڳػϳЩɫ̫Щɫ΢һģһ
ɫ΢ת˺üȦȫڽ֮ϣγһɫʡ
齣һ佣ɻߡ
꽫ȥӣ׼³뺣ףϵҲԶϡ峤æȥеѯǷҪ׼ʳܾ
һĻˮ峤Ŀ࣬Ϊʲô峤Ĺϵвһ
뺣ףҽ½ڵĺˮҲ𽥽£æ׷֮¡
ȻѾΪȥǱѹǺ׻ɽôһ£Ժлص
ɵ٣峤˼ǽͣɵǰüСƭҺÿ࣬ɵ٣㿴
Ƴһۣ֪˼ȡһɫߵƸ
峤ɫһϲ֪ǳɹˡ



267 
ʮʥеƣõ, ǵõĳ, ΪѣǱȽ׽֡
ڿǰĴ, Ҳͨһ׽ǲֵһᡣʮʥ嶼һĴڣʲô嶼Ϲϵġ
峤Ȼ۷ɵķ, Ҫ껹ڣִҴ󴬣Ҳø
ˮ忴ҲЩ, Ϊʲô˿ԭ, ˷Ǽɵ, ȴ־־
峤ƣ˼峤¡ԭ걻żȻΪغ׻ɽʮǰסʧЧˣиϰԣϲŲ, ڿʮ꣬öһֱڷɵ¡
ʮǰ峤żȻͺңǨɵ, ɵչ׳岻ӿֳһ, ؼ, ںҡ
βӵϡѪ⣬ӵвֱϷѪе׽֮Ĺ塣ɵλ⣬²źңʮʺ
ǿ˵λˮ峤ܵ峤ľ㲻Ǹı㣬ҲɵӣǶ峤Ļ϶ܲżٻܽһѾˣҲûȫ˵
ɵķѣ¿ΧҪ»һ£һˮĵλԼѺ
ӣҪҵĶѾõˣǲǸá峤˲˵뷨һϾͽ˽ɫƺˡ
ΧˮĵĻ֮ԱǣҲĽģҲ˭ӡģСѡȻǳСĳƺֻǳõĿ׻ԶȲһӡ׽
߰ɡΧмŽ˵ͷ
һʱҲû˼ɷɵһȺӿĵط֪ǲϢ©ȻһȺˮ壬һƬȥ඼Ů
ǴĹ峤̲סֹһ䣬ֵ׳꣬ǿˮ峤ڿŮӭЩŮȻΪġ
ĺ㣬Ů֮鱼ţȺŮΪıһ֮һķɡ
޺պĹӣΪ׵ĹѾԶԶ˦ڱδͻƵڣΪ簴ȻҲףͬѾڽ𶦺ڡҪ׵ٵӳ嫵ȾͲˡ
۵ĹݴѾͻƵپòΪŮ׷ĹЩٲټ֣пŵ˵ѾΪ
ȻԣŮҪ顣˹ڿϢһˣոշɵǳ˲˵ۡ
нơ¡ءλľǲƣҲԴǰƷײһ֪ǷƷİ೤߷ɵǸͼƷҲƷ
һλΪӰǿò֮ӣŮĵѡȻǰոջӲѵȺ˲䰲󵨵ŮҲĲǰ
޶
һϮԣüޣۺ飬·ѪУɽƬѩǡ
·ûЩˣ棬΢΢ƺڿʲô
˵ˮ峤Ҳû֨۰Ͱ͵Ŀ˵Ľ
֪ȥã̧ͷɨΧΧˣԵˮ峤Ը
뿪Ҫ
ϿĿһߣǴӺѹӿγɵġ
ȴֵˮ屻ɢշɶɣɸ߿߶ȲߣԶԶﲻգ˵뿪׽磬ҲͣĿԶܿһߴӿ죬ľͷӡ
ӽгϢһ䣬ƺ˸ˣ񶼲˱仯ǹĮһеĿɨˣ˸ܵһսսǿϢ·ϴڶȻ٣Ʊ̫ħϣսġ
ƺʲôеƿʼ£һ˲ƺڰŷ֮ؼֳֳϡߡķһһƥ΢ʡ
ݺһ⺮ޡ
һΪ֮ʧɫããֻһҫ
ͣ£̧׿ʡ㱼·ܿһ˳ֽӳʵ޻ֻǼ򵥵ὣһȴ·˵ζ
ıǽޣһ豹棬̲ش壬񾳵ĴҲ覴ã
ˮȴ˴ţֻ빫ǱΣû뵽һƺ콫׽ĵصɢˡ
û˻عսһڸ߿յİӰ䡣ϰ;һֻԪĴ֣ƺҪ
ֻһ֣мԪƳ֣֮СƱڶ·ʶ㣬ҡҰ䵽ϡ
ȺϼһòҪСĶҲ
ըװһ仰ż
Ϲ֣ΪĶɣ
ϺηϹ˲á
¡һ죬޼֮صķ׶ȴһ
齣Сӣ޼֮һˡ



268 
齣Сӣ޼֮һˡ
仰ըװը, ֱӽ֮ǰ̸һըʧ, Ҳô̺ǵҡ㶡е죬ƺǵɽμˡ
ԯϵˣ
ԯ齣ʲôԨԴ𣿾ȻԯϴԼ׳ɵġ, ȥ޼֮ءԴϵ񻯣Ǵδ¡
ɻɻҡȥ޿˽ʼĩ޿Ҳ׽鱨, ܿͽԭԭ˦ƹ񿴣һӰʯ¼µĻ档
꿊֮µʼĩƲӰʯ¼µĶһʼӵŷɵ, ΧΧˡ
ֻꡱЩû֦չŮ, ҡЦһ, ۶ӰʯеİɫӰ߻ڵͰΣһﲻָûŲ˵Ĵ黨ǲݡ
ʶ鿴˶Ըո֮µĿȻ޿Ѿը, ÿ£⡱޼֮ءؼˢˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôˣдݺһ⺮ޣ䣡ƨĹ, ĸϰ¥
Щ, Ȼٲıס
Ǻ, ԺɵӲŵ
ԽѾ뿪ҡһ˴ҲҪ˳޿죬Цⲽԭת˺üȦǿûȥ
תתţŲһͣ͵ͣ´Ӱʯϸ鿴Ӱ
ԡҡüģĿŻеˣһȥʱ򣬱ƶ꣬Ӧ˵񶼴ﲻʱĮһеơ
Ȼежһȷ˿֮ƥеƺһ˲Щâ˼
ѵħ桱ü˼ȥֽܷԴħӴͬһˡ
˰Ҳûͷҡһɴ¡ҲԼ£ȻõĹôֺͣġ
ǡɴʱŽЩ£ŵ
¥Ĺ˽׵ӣϼ˵һ档
ϼңҡü΢壬֪ΪԼǸ콣Ϲģء
ܾȻЩʲôһתڵɡ
֮ǰħԨ˳־˽ı޵ޣصҡɽȥ֪ͨ浺ˣû뵽ǻ̺ǣȵ̺ˡ
ʱ߽ˡ
˵ǲ̫ˣǸҲ飬˼˲ࡣ
ǰĸɽڵˣģɫ԰׽Ų鸡ޡ
ϳɣӡݣƬʧ񣬰κŻع񣬱۹ֵΪ˵ˡ
ĿЩ㱵Ůӻع߶ҡ⣬ѵļһЦ޴˷ǰлģлӾ֮
⻰δţҡʱ֮ĴһħԨܻ
ҡ˵ͷʵλˣϹΣ
ѾȬòˡףһһ۵ĴɫЩ룬ЩĲɡ
ϳɼģüæȵСߺ˵ˣӲҩžȻĳϼٴӵллԮ֡
ؿ֮ͰˡҡЦЦҲû޵̬ȣıߣġ콣塱ûˣͨ˻磬˵ѾǸˡ
ޣһӴűɷˣҲһʱԵڹϼҵĵλҲԼܲµȥµλ˵һǧɣٱǰкܴࡣ
ϳɼδ˼˿ҲǿֶŮ˵Լ˵˵ӶֲȤޣ⽻ǴһЩز
ϼҡɽ޵ʱҡѾ뿪ˣѾϼҵл嵥ˣһֱҪľתϵҩ֮һݡϼˣǵɽ䣬ϧЩɽﶼûݡ
ʶϼҶݿ¼Ϊ˶ѵõħԨҲΪ뵽£Ƿ飬ñǷ飬ޣϼ˽ҪҲ㡣
ϼлУʮݣʮݵӣȻ࣬Ҫһ㡣
֪ݼѳɻϼһҲֻջ꣬ǻһλֲݵֹӴֲݵ£ǱϳҲڽͣر𽿹ҲС
ҡֵ΢ЦףûнĻʱݷ⣬һתλ̺ǣΪ˲ú̺᣿
ϳĿ΢ƺݲǺģЩǷˡţдǣ浺СطޣһΪ˽ӻСߣҲΪ˴С档
̺׽һʢ£Ҳóڹ浺Ⱥ֪ߵغС֪ʲô죬ˣǺǡ
⻰Щ˼ˣ̫׽ϼҵĹϵûǲҡֻЦЦûнӻֻܿ˸⡣
ϵѣˡͻɷһ£֧⡣
ϳɼ״æ̲ҵʲôֻʣܽһ֪޲ԡ
ڣϼˣ˶٣һûޣϹҲ˽⡣
޵Ҳ˻ǣ˽࣬ƺмֽ
ǣ֪ˡϳЩεĵͷһȺ˽ȥ̵ɽ䶼ѹˡһʼ֪ǻΪŭ֪˵涼ûˡ
һ峤֮ӣһȻ޼֮أĸﲻ
ҡ⿴ɫĪ΢΢𣬡ʵҲûʲôֻҼʥһ棬ҲЩʱ˵ϼУЩ棬ϼ뼧ʥǰʲôϵ
£׽ֻҪ֪浺λĶܺ棬ֻôδҡ㵱ʳˡ
ϳɵıƬ̴㶣Ҳû뵽ɻʳ⣬ʶ˵Цˣϼʢʱ䣬ôܺλϹϵ
Ŷѵҵˣҡüһ˫Ϲбӹһ޵Ц
˲Щأϳ͵ǵԭ¾ڴˣ뵽ɿЦȻϸΪ˽
ʶԹ£˼Ƭ̣ģɵ˵Ҳ˵ʲôϵֻϼĳλλм֮ԵִλҪĶ
ǷˣҡһЩ棬λҪʲôûУû뵽ϼҾȻ
ǲ飬ֲϼ޿֣ԭ
ˡĻϳ֣ȻϼҲô룬˭Ҳô˵˭ܳܵλ飿
ǵΪΣҡ⿴˫ͫһ˿Ĺ⡣
ʵΪһʯͷʵ
ҡɫ΢㶣ʯͷ
ǣϼĳλõһʯͷ֪Ϊαλ֪ͱλˣΪرϼҰᵽ˹浺
ʯͷҡ΢УԽʶǿʯͷ



269 
֪ʯͷʲôôҡ΢
ϳһ, ǵ۾֮ɫ, ƺһԱû˵޺Ȼ֪, Ҽ
ҡ۾һ˼ʯͷʥ, ϼһʯͷĻ
нЩάܿȫòᶯӰࡣ
΢ת, ¶״, ǿӤȭͷĺɫʯͷ, 沼˰ɫƣЩƿЩ֡
ģ
˵壬ҡҡͷĿ¶˿ãǻδġ
ҡ˵ͷ, ˼֮ɫôһ˵ԽԽɼʥߵʯͷԽõʯͷͬһ֡
޿Աǻ壬Ȼҡⴹף̫, ӳȫ
Ҫ̫ţҡм, ִֵĿⶨĿ, ֻ̫ǿɲõţЩطȲ϶ɣȷҪ̫ţ
浺Ȼ󣬵Դѷڴǧ磬ϼҶʵԴбǿͼʥϹϵһ㣬׽㶥һ
ǣ޴һֱߣӢӱýģĿЩӡ
ҡ⿴ȻЦˣԼ£ֻҪ˵ĳҲ
۲ת⣬Ȼ̫ſɵʱ̣Ҳʲô˶ԸͬҲΪʶң͸źͼһˡ
ˡʣ޻͵һҧ´ҪҧѪ˫ĿòʱѾһƬƽ
ã֪
ҡ⿴һۣ˸ָԱŵڻָҡɫһ䣬ɫص˵ʩչƻ֮ν£
ҲδϹϵǺҡⵥڴĴ˸ǷͿ͵ζʮԡ
ϳ죬ֵܹˣĳȸˡ
˵ʹ˸ȥ
޲ɿҡ⣬ҡ⳯䴽һЦ򴽼ɲĵ˵ͷϳ뿪
ֱͦһطѾõ
ʧıӰҡһϷţٴδڵĸ󷨣ſϸ裬ĺĳһȭͷĺɫʯͷ
ʯͷȻ֮ǰԽʶеһš
ʯͷ˰죬ҡüģ˼Ǹϵͳ˵ʯͷһҵģѯʯͷϵͳȴһ֪ʹвҪҲûĿڡ
һֶ֪ƲƲ콫ʯͷת켫õľϻȡ
ľϻһֻɫСǰֻǴߣЩªͨɫ࣬ǳɫһĨ̡С͸һƯɫڹȾ⻪
ֻǼߣȴκɶ칤ĹƷҪҫۡ
ҡ̲ס˫񶦣ϸϸ档СǷԼ磬ϸȻƣϸ⼸Ʒ·
жţҲӣȴû뵽žȻһֻ˵һŲΪűãڻδ׳ͣĿǰֻǼª߶
ǰ类輫Ϊʥɫʣ׽綦⺬壬õЩΨһĶĹֻҩ
ҡŶ￴ɫǵİ׵׺䣬Ǻ
ʶ̽룬Щʧķֶڲر֮˭֪ʱʶûİȻˣһ˲佫Сʶڡ
ûҡⷴӦѾСС
ɫСΪĽ룬ڵġǺʼתʲôûУĶȴ֮һʶеҲһСС
Сҡֻܺһһʲô꣬ܣëﶼ͸ʵ֮У̨ޱ
ȻþǶںϲãԪǣֳԳźٱըĸоʱСеһֻ«ʶӺ«ƮƵɫƬСС
ƬСǺǹڡǺвתĳһɵɵԪΧתתȥԪСҡԺֻһ꣬һ˲ʧȥʶ
֪ǣ֮ʱ׽ϿһƳԽ಻˰㡣
޽ظ׽Ũ˼֣Ũȳ̶൱Ϲڡ
ͽʿܴ˶󣬷׷ԭؽף׽ϲķΧ֮С
Դͬʱʮǿ޷̽޹
֮ڣһƥޣ޵϶е룬ȥؾֵһĪظ޵˸̨ס
һյġںֱΪʻŽ֮֡ʢ˥ӽʼ
*
ҡڰʶָ֮󣬶Ѿû˰ټ޳ԼѾΪһ壬ܲһ޳Ķ
һеĿз֪Դڷһ޳ġ
ʶʶ˳ҡ⽫Сһ˳
֮죬Ʃɱɻǹһ־ǰѺպʦơ齣ӦҲ֮ȥǲ£¶еķâ
ֽС컯֮ԶԶǿں취ԴڴˣԶȲ֮졣
ֻСϵĻӦҲ֮УԼƷ׻֮ϡ
ʱС۳Щ仯ϵʱ޿̲ڳˡǵ㡱⣬һЩҵַͬ
Щ޹ɿѭҡһֺϤĸоƺ
ָüģѰԺеļ䡣ʮϢ֮͵ǹϤ֮ʲôʯϵЩ·͸ոóǿŴƵʯͷСҲ˵ƣǷӽй֮ͨ
ʵ齣ϵַԴ̨ϵǾŸ֣ڷС΢֮С
ѵЩʵȫͬһط
СϣɽȡǰĺɫʯͷʯһȡСرһ⣬粨˰ɢͬʱʯֳСײȥʯ·ˮ˼ҵķӦ
һǿڼڵĶ˲仯Ϊҷɡҡ⵱ϣźʯСС
ͬһʱ̣ǿϢ̺ɨȥƬ̺˻ȥ
С磬СʯûײġúջСʤһʯװ˶ڡ
ʯСڶײײȥҪӳȥȴҲȥ
ҡ⻷վһԣüСͺʯһʼǡһ澹Ȼ͡ˣ
桱һȻ
ôˣҡתŽɫ׷ɳ峤裬ͨ죬üһʶ
輤ڷʹ׿СȻʶǡ
˵һ־ı졣
ҡһУСЦеĿ˵ҵġ
˵ⶦǣ˶٣΢ת˵˶嶪ʧļ
ҡЦ˻С˵Ŷ׽磬ɲġ
üʲôţǣȡܶǿʱɱӣż˵ⶦ润ҪĶ
棿ҡƲƲ죬ûźһЩ֪˶ԭ̫ţ
ʲôɫ䣬¶ŭ⣬˵̫ˣ
Ѿҡ֪Ϲ̫ŵ£Ҳ֪Ѿµ̫ţ̫ŵҡɽ׳ġ
ȷϹ̫֪źĹϵҡ
ĻǿǰҶ֪润ڴ˽硣
Ȼ˵ļΪֻ߶һֻ߶ҡδƽ֮ǰ׻
ⶫڻĹԶʮʢУɷġѪͼڵľ壬һھмʱãԶŽ󣬼񱻷ҲûʷС
׽ֻһЩӵмƩʮʥ壬˵ǵļʮǿʥ￰
ķһʼǧ磬ҪϢȻͱˡЩ͵Ľ͵һ˫۾۰ͰͿС
ҡȻĵͷС͵ǰⶫǺ
ħߣ迴֮沿Ť鶼Ҫɳˡ
ʲôħߣҡ͵һħߡ롰ħ̥һ֮˼Ҳ϶мΪеĹ
ȫûĻСĶⶫȻҲǧ绹üҲ⡣
ҡûԼġѵ֪ʯͷ׽粻ֹһš
ʲôֹһţ豻Ļѣܵǰż˵޲ϳȥϽϽȥңȫҳȻħ߳ǧͲȫˣ
Ҷܵø⵽ôһ°ɡĿĴɣҡЦĿŽżû衣
һĿĿ⣬һƬǧΪҲΣյ磬ǧ綼ֻһλġ
ӳһ϶Ϊֲó׽Ϣ



270 
㿴Ҳ˵һεģ
ҡ⿴ѷɫ, ΢, ݸ:±֣򵥡
ָСһָһĪϢѸɢ, ΧʮںȻҲְС
ף֪аأԾĿ
˵𣿡ҡ, ԶȥǰҲ֣ߵĶҲĶ
ߵǰɴǰҡ, ĵ֧, ŶԷ˵
޳ֽб, Ҳ޿κεһ޳ں֮⡰޳ȫµ˽⡣
һ˵С飬顱ʮ, ֻʮŵΪµһΪƿء
ȻС绹δƣ޳ǿܶĲ̽
֮ǧ粻֪, طԸ̤, Ľɫ, źϷôӺν𡣡
ȵȣȸңͲ٣ҡʡ
üƺЩǿԼ൱ԪĲࡣ
ҡЩȣΪĲ࣬û뵽磬ȷǱǧĸħ硣
Ȼǻħ巢սˣ˵
ô֪巢˴ս辪ɲĿƺɡ
ҡЦ̿ò£ʲôطֻҪʹ־ͲԸ壬սĿ̫ˡ
ҭҭЩε˵ħܹ棬ì޷ϣħ֮ɱ⡣
ħսʧɱҲ硣
壿ҡҡΣ˵
üëһģɵ˵ǰɡ
ౣౣ
ҡ˵һëķౣһϲౣ
ڻĽˣǩ˹ķҲ˯ѣˣȴһֱûȥԵౣҲ˵ǺԵʣֻ˵ϲ⡣
ʲô񣿡ôĿ⿴ౣһ˿ɫ
ҡɵĵ˵ౣ˺ͽڵĺ
ǵ£Ǿѵȷ档迴౵ʣ˫ðĶ
ǰ棿㲻´ȥɣҡĲ֮⣬屻ħܣҲûʣʲôˣһӻ廹ž־ƺе
ԣ㵱˵ǻصʵأǡħĵ̣
ûлشĻָСеʯͷ˵ħϵħħ߻±ߣҪľҳ׽ħߣȻħħ壬ǧλþͱ¶ˡ
ȵȣ˼ħͬһԴҡû©˼˼ôеĳͷ⻷塣
ħȷʵǱͽԳħ塣ᵽɫЩÿƺĳЩļ䡣
͵ҡЩ˰ԭڶ塱ˡʽ塱Ƕȿ˵ʮ־ˡ
ǧ籩¶Σѵħ廹ɱ
ߵǧƾմ𣿡
ҡ뵽Դľü˼ǣǧҪĶǾˣֻҪħ߳ɳǰȻϢǧ⣿
ÿ壬Ķᱻ֪ħ屾ͬԴȻҲܲ
˭Уħ˿ڲɡҡ΢Ҫô࣬ǸνġҪˡ
װûĻ֮Ҫҵħߡ
ǿħûȥãŻüʥĶôһ֪һš
ħԨ½ص㽲ǿŵߵĶħ壬϶ȻܣѲϵһ顣
Ǹħ棬᲻ħ壿֧°ͺҲ²⣬ԽԽ²˵ͨ
ᣬ磬ħϢΪУħ壬ܳɹϵ˵ǿﱻߵĶ²ħߣҲΪħߣ˽˶αħܿͷĲ²⡣
ҡƲƲ죬ЩɺһתϵʧܣԲŴǧ磬Ҫɱȥ
˵ǧǸʲôģǧ类ħҵˣ仹Ƶ԰ϵС
ѾʧҪѡҡҡͷЩį
ҡеģҲü˵ʲôֻ´λ峤͸¶Ϣ󡱡족ǧĶ
Լһ鷳һϸ鷳ǰ̲С
*
콵زδ赲ס޵Ħ෴ΪЩطԡ˸ظ󣬳ۺĸض죬Ƶ
̺Ǹھͳ˼ʮͻ̺ԽԽԽԽ˸̺ǣ궯
̺ѾŲӿڼѾסˡɬʿɴڳĿյϴ˼ªľס£մҲá
޵뷨Ǽ򵥣һҼ˵еӣһҲֵˡ
Ÿָ뷨⾹ȻҲ˲ˣһСͼᣬּۻ۵ڶ
ȻոջĵһӰȥ·˲Ϊҹ
˲̧ͷ˾ֻгһֻյĹϵۼںڰзɭĹ⡣
ֻȻס˼̺ǵա


271 
ҡĻ谵ʱͳˣյĴһЩ, û뵽ħȻôӳŪ, 
ӣӡͷȻ﷢Ͳӽ, õһȺ̿
˾ʲô壿ѻҪʮɣ
ͬΪĹ֮һ̰ԺӴϧһϴһ, òáϴôϹŻЩ֮˵ֻ֣ʣСèֻ, ڼѾټ
ôһֻ̺Ͽ, ԽԽ˳, ۿֺһƬҪӣֻһŮӴ̺Ƿɳ̧ͷǹȶ˫ᣬˢһС, һԼĪ߰ͯӡ
̺ѽգǰŮȴ磬ͯӳ̺ͨǣ֪լԺ
סյĹʧڰ̺ȻҲͻָ˹, ȻʱձȸոջҪּ֡
ոӣ
˵Ѿ, ޼֮, ͬ׷Ϊɡ
ǹʲôȻȥӡ
Ҽǵֻ񣬵ڲݼһŮһ𡣡
Ҳһǻħλ빫
ǰ˵ͬ˿ƥеģǰյĹɣһȥɲֹ
ֹҼ˵һ֮Զӡ
ǣ
ݾߡ
ڵľߣ
ǣ֪ǣ
ƾ۵÷з̺ǳһƬž˵Щ졣
ҡ˰ǰƯŮӵСͯŵķ࣬ౣôˣ
ౣౣһ˫ڶۡݺݡĵСͯɵըƽʱһš
ݰ׵СͯЩŵҡ䣬峺㡣
ҡⱻ˫ɵ۾Ķˣķǰౣ۸ĸ磬ǿǰͬࡣ
˵˶٣౵ĵǴģͬ಻һÿֻȸֻһԲ;ǻŹ
Ȼ⻰һ˵쳯ǰСͯһεĻǸ°ȥҡһȻΪֹ̫
ȴ䵽ϵķٵ·ʯ󺣰㣬ʲôûˣڿ˷౵ĵ⣬üͰ͵ͷҡ⡣
ౣ㲻Ȼٵ𣬵ҡҲһʱ˲Է˵
౴ĿһۣһŤ֣żҪëĳɵԶһȥˡ
˯һƢĪˣҡֹ䣬ҲûϣС̫Цû뵽㻯֮ôƯ
Ӵص֮Ȼ쳣ǻŮװҲ˻ɡ
Щߣգգۣʣ㣬ôҵҵģ
ǳҵģǺʱܻεģ
ץʱδΣѵǳʲô
ǰǰ¶ʱԭ֮ǰ޷Σ̫󲻱ȥͳֿ͸ɴص麣
֮ؾ䣬麣Ҳ˱仯ڶ麣͸ɴ˰ϡû뵽ڰϲãͱץһط
˵㲻ǵڻħ¡ҡĻü
ͷ˼ʶˣҿҽ㣬Ҿ͹ˡ
ҡüʼûɿץס֣Ҫȥʶ𣿡
һ¶Ŀɵĵͷá
һ˳ഥļ˳Էʶ
һƬޱ޼ʵġ󺣡ҡǰԼʶǳͣһ𶼱Ȳϣû뵽ʶ֪ʲôн뺣Ĳࡣ
ʶתһȦûʲô쳣֮ʶ꣬̽һ
һμ䡣
ҡüȷԼ˵ûڻħļ䣬ʱ䲻Ǳӡֱӱˡ
ȡǼʮðյ£вͻñȡǴңɥʧǡ
রʲô˵£
˳ȥѪͼЩ֣Ѫͼƺڲϱãһ㣬һֳ˫񣬾ͬѪͼһ㣬ͼڻڲںϡ
ѪͼϣһЩϤϢ
ǵõ֮Ի᳤ƺΪʥԳ棬ѵǼʥĵӰѪͼڡ
ڹѪͼڣǷҲ뼧ʥйأ
ҡ˼Ȼ˿
ӣħĳξŮ߹ϻδȥĺΡ
ɡҡջʶеŮﰵξħŮŲģһǱԵʧ˷ִ硣



272 
ǰ̺Ǹûд, Դ˳ǵĹϽȨû䵽ʵµļ壬Լγ֮λÿһ, һͳѾǧ, պֵеļҼγסڳ
Դ̫ŽɽŰᵽ̺Ǹ, ̺ǵʵѾתƵ, ̺Ƿв, ϻǲҵ̫ţΪ޼֮ڣҶ̫żͽ֮⡣
ļ˵ҡ̺, ֱӶ˵ڳ˳סġ
ҡⱾûдסȥ, ԭסڳļһ԰ȥլ, ֻʣŮʹ, پܾͽˣɴס
ҹĸۡÿһγҪһΣЩ, ô̺Ҫ棬˵ݳ, Ҳ̺õĸۡ
סĵطļһµĺС, , Ա߾ˮ鿡
ҡ⽫ˮ鿣ǰһͨһ˺ˮżǵúҡкҲ֪װԼûֳ
ҡⲢδֹֻﰵڶ麣꣬ˮ׽ĵطѾƽĺ棬εҡҡͷ¼ˡ
ˮδУһӰˮ鿡
ħòϴ̫ſڴɵӣǵѡҡüһЩζ
ˣδħĲ£ħֻ˳·ֵġ߽ˮ鿣ͳ˵Ĵԣһ˫һ۶룬Ҳ޹ֺոǰŮκ졣
ҡ΢㶣ħȻҲħѪħǱߵ
䣬ѾԾ£˵ң֪ν£
Щʵѣڶһ¸ȤҡĿ΢ͣȻЦЦĶ
ʶʣʲô
ָˡҡ˲ɱոջЦȻȥͳһöɫָӵϣǽָϣ֡һڵϴת˼Ȧû˶
ǽָϿĺƣһŵ⣬ͬĽһֻԽķӦ
ξЦһһ̧ϵĽָ˲䵽ԼġţΡݡɫȻ˸ı䣬Ӱ𪣬Ϊ̣һͷĿ׳Ϊѻ࣬һҲɸΪȻĺۡ
ˡȸոյͳ˵߶˼ʣԼȾЦ⣬޶˶˼繡
ҡƲƲ죬бһۣǳξ˭
ҲҪģҴԼܴϣˡ
˲Ųæ¯ԵӿȪպպ¯ӵࡱķˮӿιˡˮյУһɵĲ뵿
裿۲ĲҶм⡣
ɫɣϸüҶ⺬һĨϣЩӦ˴˵еĵ衣
ȥ֪ҾͲ׼ˣ߯˷ѡҡǺһЦϸ°ͣޱĿ衣
һˮûн̲صȫ˺ԥĽˮȥһ飬ˮĿ
һˮóȥҪɴʮָԴЦЦĿ֮ˣǾ˷û˵
ֻһΣǱõĲŵǰ̧Ц
ҡⱻһЦεۻξĺ´ϣҪ̫ǰʺϴ£ڲ֪źģ쳾һĨĶǵɫ
ɫǱ壬һľޡ
ĿתԼĳ΢΢Ŀ¶֮ɫ
ҡع񣬹䵭˵ʲô
㣬㲻ˣЩȡķպ
һۣɴһӰΪμҪˣ
ҼϲһЦԺȻһˡ
ҡһûд𻰡
һֻǽڷ޳ƺȻ֣ĵĳ̲סɪһ£޹ǵ˳ֲԾùơ
ģţȻŵһְֻϣȵϢеĶ
˭ոң׽㡣ҡҧҧɫӵŭ
Цһѹ͵ЦɢڿУ˼ĪȶȡϵֽԼһ佫סʱ˿Ϸһ
Ȼν߿գҪ͵һ˵⺬Ķ
ҡͷ̧ҪƿʲôûеģҪùȥ͵
ʲôȻ㡣Цһץ֣һֻĵĺû㿪
ҪʧˣҲ͵ߵġҡƲ죬Ⱦ۾б
Уƺ˼Ƭ̺˵ˣǽҸ㣬Σ
ҡգգۣͬһ˼ģ㳤ɫɲͣ׼ˡ
磬ɡ
ɣһ㶣ܿǺ⣬ɫ΢䣬ЦЦ˵һҪ
ģԶġҡЦһɫģ
û˵ʵжԼĲϮҡĴûӦǰҧһڡ
ҡʹ֮£΢΢ſ̴ڣ롣
㡱ǰ˺ܿһУֻ
ǲңһʼΪ˰ʮᣬҡȤ˫Ĳرס̽л
ⷬĻǣԼǴ̼Ŀ˱ʱ˼׺ݣ֫Ҳ˼֡
Ȼ£˶麣֮кĵһμ棬˼֮йĳڣһʱЩ顣
ǵѷ֣Ȼĺһһҡһ͵ƿǰˣƺոն˲
Ȼں֣ЩҪȥ
㣬ʲôӺһԾˮ鿵СͯĿˡ
ҡ΢΢Щ̵˫գεͷûʲôԺ֪ˡ
Ȼ̸ǲ޵ķʸһʼû뵽ֱ֪óˡ



273 
Ѿ˼ӳȵ, һŲεĲ
ҡתͷȥֻƵĶ
, Ѿɫջ߳, ⲻ׹أʶһƽ˵
糺һƬ, ּȻ䵭ɫ, Ͳ³˼ź̾Ϣһ, Ҳûٰǰץ֡
ʲôҡû뵽ڻֶţݺһ, Ҫ֡
ʲôֻСħֶΡս޹ǵС, ûѡ
ᵽħ, ҡ, ɵĶ⻰Ǻ⣿
ǲȱʧһμ䣬ڻħīü΢̧Աߵ
ҡȻ, ƺЩʲôЦЦ˵ڳξ
ҡͷ, Ҵǰδ, ǲʡ
ҡⲻɿ, ֻ¶ɻץץԴûм
ħֶΣұǵĽޱߵһ鷢ƵӿĿдһ˿ӡ
϶ʲôֽţҡûߣֻһ⡣˵ôɴ࣬ħҲ
˼ƺʲô㣬㽫Ұɡ
ҡԣüͷ΢ɵĿڴʲô⣿
˶ԻҲЩ䱸Ķ
Ҷԭ˲ţ΢򣬹Ȼ˵
ҡһ٣ƲҲ㣬̫࣬Ȼǿ֮ˡ
ȻЩҲδ㣬ôҿƭ㣿ִ裬΢˫ƵĹ⡣
ܿȵߣЩڵһ޹һո㻹ٰξƭҡ
ҭҭһЦҲ֪ǲѶΪ֮
ҡ⵱ȻôԭǰõһʹΪ峤֮ҲҪʱܱܷͷвһԱ֮Щ񾳵ĴܾͲܾġ
˭ǿͷ˶٣йŹ֣ɴཫС̫ٳԼźС
ԣԪҡС磬ϴνĲ֮ͬ
ϴС磬޲࣬νԣԪԶš
ҡûжӽͣй͸¶ǵϢˣʹ׽֮ҲС治ɫڲ輸ǰղֻ˵һĻڿ£һҲķ񡣡
ˮ鿵Ĳ輸ҲһС磬ͷǰϧ輸õĲѾЩ⣬Ҳʧ˲١
δСı仯ڲ輸ǰ£ȷ֮⡣
һġ˵𿊺֮£ҡ֮ǰҪһͷ˲ԺӻԾ΢΢бȥ
ûע⵽Լת䣬һȴ⵽ˣȻƣֻ΢΢ף齣һԪƬڽҵԪѾˡ
ԪƬҡüһ£˭һԪƬôı£һͨҲ
ӦһԪ֮ˣ齣һεˡ͵˿ԪƬпЩ䡣
ҡһȻЩʲôԯϣ
˭֪ȴҡҡͷ˲ԯīһҡ˵ԯϣǰ޼֮˵ˣ
ڵӦԯϣ˵ǸīҼ㲻ԯ֮ˣҲԨԴϾԯϿɱ̫껵͵ˣ˳嶯϶ǰ齣ǳġҡûռ޼֮صԯ͵սս̫߰˵̫껵滹ͥ۳ֵܹ
֮⣬嶼ǳ׵׵׽飬壬ٵ޼壬˲ָ֮壬ȻһҲųЩ²Ծ̧Լ
壬йоأҡӡвδر֮
˵ԯҩĽͣ¶˼֮ɫ
ҡü׽ԯҩĲ࣬ʮɡ
׽繫ϵĵҩţԯȾͲϾǰҩѾ֮ҩһ֧
Ҫȥ޼֮𣿡Щʡ
΢ʵȥô
ȥȥҺθɣҡŬŬû˵ɫһۡ
ô޹أһ˳ȥ塣ЦһѾ֪Լֱ࣬סϸ
ûɷ羰˳֣ҡȴһӷӦƿԶԶġ
ʲôô
ոպɫ˵޼֮ص£üǸ˵ûԼɻˡ
ûϵ־˼ᶨһҲ㣬Ұɡ
һϮȻ˫ĺ۸ǹΣҡû뵽ղֹȻ˵ҪĻһʱ˵
ѵǰʦˣν߳īߺڣξֻѺ궼̻ˣ



274 
ҡⶢ˰, Ŷ輸Ѿ͸Ĳһڡѡ̵˵ҿɲҷ㣬ҪǴȥվ˴š
ˣԼǿ̬ȼ, δղŵĻ, ۶
ҡ⻰Ƴһ, ׶Ų輸ϵĲ豭, ϸ紺ָĦű, Ʋ, ֻǲ㡣
·չ, ӯ
΢㶣ͣ޳Ĳݵ, ЦһĲң
ס, ҡû, ֻǳһ̧Ҳ㡱
˶٣Щɺ˵, ҲûȤ֪¡
֪ʲô, Ҷ㡣Խյø, רע, Ŀд档
ҡЦ̧ϴҲô˵ǵͷվҡ
üģΣ㣬ֻǲǣ㡣
ʱ֪ˡҡ.Ц־Ҫס
Ȧͷϣûм⣬ֻǲԸ㵣ġ
ϴҲ˵ͬĻλشģҡֵؿڣ΢΢˵ľ룬ĿֱֱĶ֪㲻ϰ߽Լº˽ǿѣǿԼ
߶ԣʱֵǮҲֵǮġЩ˱չһξ꣬ʱȣ˽ʱԵ̫΢;кܶͬ鲻ʧʱֻʣȻһʿԽ棬Į
߳ȣʹٿ̹ĵİҲ޾еĵ׺ֲʱʴ
֪Լܼϲһ˶ãͬҲ֪ԷֶܼáοЩ࣬Ҫʲôᣬֿһʱ䣬͵ˡ
һǶԷɣһ𲻿ģȫԷֿ
Ļ֮⣬ɫһͣеһγã㵡޴룬Ȼֻһ˲Ҳ˲䱩¶κִַڴףҲԣʲôҶϷΨ˵
ҡⶢ۾˰죬ҧҧ´ó
ֲʲôܣұʹ㡣ʧЦӻĽ𣬰ھŻľĽףһڶ麣ľԶĻ׷ħϢ
˵齣ΪҡҪ˵ص֮¡
齣Ϊܵʲôر֮󲻳һѽģο֮ȱݣܽΪ
ץ֣ܣԼȻ廹һЩ˵ر֮һ㡪
ſֱȻʧӰ٣ҡһȥ׷ټ޹󣬸ɴֱӲٿС磬ҪƳ
·εĴֽȻôɸ֪Ϣϡ£Ϊ֮ǰһֻǳΡ
ɡҲˣҡҲٰ׷ˣЩ棬С綼ֲټܷ׷顣
˰죬ΧʲôûСȻһķ𣬰סշɣԼշֲͬ飬ȫɡ硱̼ͬʱЩ·ʱܵȥ
硱İҡַ·Ҫסϸĸܣڷвץһ˿ͬϢ
һȵǣӵ䵽档
ŹȻҡ±ʵĺ긹̲ѣΪԼѾˣ仹۶ɵ
˵ȥҲû˸š
ʲô֪ģһ֪޲ԡЦһա
ҡȻ⣬ʮҪ֪Դ֮¡ȻʱħƣϡǵһЩ£޲T뼧ʥĶԻҲδ
˵ᵽһʯͷҡü֪λᵽʯͷбմȾ˲֮ħˣֻ޲TѰ⣬ʥҪħʲô
лƣֱħߡֻýħԨеֿ˵˲ڵеһʯͷʶĳ롣
˵ǿʯͷԼмǿλ븴ۡĻܿؼ
ҡⱻѣ˲Ȼʣʯͷ˵һ̥̥δ죬ȷǼѵġҲֻмʥֱִʣȻ̥֪᲻ᱻ
ипȴ֪νĴֱʣǱѡ֮һҪļƻӦϡ
λλһսʱԸһλ޳ʱȻ˵еϢҡ΢΢һ
֪޳δԼǡ޳ҲδΣԼ޳ʱ²⡣޳һΪ£׽֪˲࣬ǴĶģ
̿λ̬оܲ³ţȻҪǣҵĲ²ⷽѾ֤ʵˡ
ˣŪˣҡյһҪƿȴθסѲáһ˵˺Щźߺ̺ʱԸֺǸΪ͡
˵ͣ΢΢һͷ˿˵ļƻм©
ɵķֳ¼㲹ļƻҡɴһʱʧֻֻʵڲ֮١



275 
Գξݷҡ, С粻ãװģ뿪һȦĻط
ټ, ʱ¶, ҡ⳰ЦΪ, ȴΪԵõںСߡ
ҡ, ҲĬڳ, ȴܲ, ̺½ˣﲻ, һЩȴܾ֮⡣
СˮȲ, ƿĿˮ̨, ˮ̨, һһִֻһ飬̬ý˻Ƿ񿴻ۡ
ȻšĶҲζ
O@ŲͷҲ̧ڵˡ
ҽռ˭ˡҡⲽȥԱ¡
Ŀƿ, ƫͷ, պĻ˰, һɫȹ, ü࣬ʱ׷̶УɣȻ۸Ҳƣһ߲ܻƷ
߼ƣδʩ죬촽Ժ죬ֻ֧͵ӣ䲻ʢװǡ
ˡ뿪ʱɲ
⣬ҡЩĳ飬˵Ϳ嫵ĵܵܣͿɻǵãδû뵽ȻѾ𶦳ˣͿֶһš
Ϳ΢У˭һʲô˶ܳΪţδ̫ˡ
ǵСӴǰƺܴյǰĵȥģǳͿǳ
ҡһۣЦЦ˵Ǻ⣬ͬ˵ģ
ֻҲֵȼںµ쵽ǰ棬֣񣬵֮ͨҲвı񡣡
˼ԱȲı񣿡ҡⱻǰ˱Ϣ벻
ЦһͿֵǿ񣬲Ϳ嫵϶ǶȲħ´ɲˣͿͻȻΪͻͽӦͿں淢Ϳ嫷ˣҪиϸδ峤
ңǱǹ񡣡
ҡ㶲ŷӦ˵ԼȱҪĹ屦ıӣ̿߯Դ˵ԼȲŻġ
Դôһֱӽקѹϣ˲λõ
Ϊһϸ΢֨ͨ죬ȴ˼Ī
㿪Цˣҡѹϵˣ컵գͿ޷չǻ˼˵Ǩ̺Ǹ
ؾӰ첢δͿ̫ŵԤʾǰߣ˲δܵʧϼȴ϶ȱһС롣
ǰǳظ¶ܵĻ࣬ȲޣҲ˶١̺Ǹֻ̫һţ޼֮صӰ˿ߡ
Ϳ˳ޣ¶֮ɫʥʱƵıǳģȻҲΪĹΨһʵһ塣
ֻΪϼȱ٣Եɣ
ҡҲЩǨĿģü֪ʥ𣿡
λӦʮʥģ涼ĵϸݴ׽һֻĺáü΢һʱҲ˼
뵽ԭжʥҡ΢˵һ㶣ϵˣ𿪣Ҫˡ
˭ˣüĽ壬Щݡ
ҡָ˳Щҵ˿ĻһתЦеĴ󡣡
Ǽߵ˺ǰ󣬲ƻƱ䣬ȴΪΪƵں֮ϡ
ǻƣ֪ϧǱ˴˿ԷۣǺһֹϵŰ˥ʧҲ𽥷½٣ٲδΪ϶֡
켫ڵӦ죬˲µеİĸ
ҡ⽫켫ڵº˼䣬ü
ô룿ʼնûб¶˼Ǵ￴ġ
˵̫и飬켫ڱŪ壬ȻҪȥ̫Ÿʣ̫񻹲ڱڵǿ֧ţôĻ᣿Ҳ뿪ڴ˼·뷨һģһ
оݵķҡĬȻԣüתߡ
ȵȣһȥںס
ҡⲽĶסתͷȥ
㱻ƭˡЦһָϵ˵
ǰʾҡЦһߺߵ˵ƭǺС
ԶŴս֮ʱʥһзƾ콫ƭתֵ֮սֱ֣Ӽӿ˴ս̣ʥҲɴһս
թ󣬾λʥ﷢ġ
īüһûĻȥɡ
ҡһȭͷ޻ϣҧһۣڵķ뿪ˮ̨
νԶŹȥã˵̬Ⱦͱô࣡
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˵켫ڼɽţ׷֪Ǽ٣
ѹҡ⣬ѯ켫ڵĽʱ켫ڵϢе࣬جˣλƹس˵ûѹס˥٣ǿɽٺˣ֪
©ƫҹ꣬λӵĺĵӱ˷һֶϲ㡣̫ŵ켫ѹǰԴȹرɽϢ
رɽţŰ˷ԣҪҳΪͬű𡣡
ҡζĿŹرɽţѵΪ
װûĻһתӿѾ͸ŵܣ
ŷ̫ź켫ô궼δ˷аأõŲ£Ѿ͸ҡһ첻⣬ɵ˲Żϡ
ЦЦſԣüһ壬ǳɫͫܿȥƺʲô쳣
ҡü΢²ˣȻϢǴ˵ܿ͸İһ塣
Ƭ̺󣬰ȷʲôֵóȻûˡȻԼ¿в㣬иˣ´ݷá
ˣԼôðã˲ҡûĳĳۣͬʱҲпһΪõúãƳ˺ꡣ
û뵽һ塣Զһضһˣɫ̩Ȼ˿ûбֺľȡ
ֵˣ¶һ˿ɫҡ⣬ɫΪȻԭĹ
˵Ҫѣһʱ治׵һ䡰üΪȻҡ̲ס΢飬ס̨.



276 
һ˶Ѱҵѵټ, ԭ͵ޡ֮ص˵, ·δЩǵĳν
˵⻰˶ûٿ, һĪڶ֮, Աߵҡգգ, Ͱ϶֣һмŵĸо
˾ȻӣĿ, Ŀ֮תһƳţ˷ǰкδ㣿
ջĿתͷЦϴ켫̫æ, δлѯʣ֪̫ŴдӺζ
ҡĿ΢֪ߣ
ΪʲôĪϤˣͺƵʣ濴ĶţȴǿԶ۲, ·ڹ, ֲ˾αһһж崺֮С
Ϲ̫ŵ̫ϳ, , ԭǴǶõ̫Ŵ, ѹ֡¶֮ɫƺʲô
켫ڶ֣Ϊ£ȻڵеıǴӾŻɱ켫λ
ҡҲĿŰ񣬺˵ʵģϹųڳֵǿߣƵʱ켫ڻ֪гƺҲ˵ȥ
񲻻ŲæĴԷһ壬ǰ켫õһڷرΪ²Ż켫ڡ
Ф¹ĽǣǻĹžѾֵ壬ϹżѾҲǵټα֣׽ձ齫Ϊʧ塣
ԶǸײҰʱʧܵ³ֻһֳԵʵǿȴĹЧд˵˷ӽ׵ĿܣҲǷһʧԭ
˼˵Ѱģҡü΢ô˵㣬ǽ켫õϢδմӾŻ켫Ѱ
ݸĿ޵Ŀ񣬡űһѣλѽϹų̫š
ѹȻͨʮĳ¶΢˵ͷûзĻ
һԵҡ˵ĶԻȷΪγ켫֡һ켫Ѳ˸ϵ˵λѡӦþǺϹ̫ŵİ
ȻֻĺԼ뱱йѰǻӣĿ켫ڡһпλ
һ֮Ҫɣ൱ƶҪһ̫׶ֽˡ
Ȼ켫ҲǴӦ˻ȻҲҪɽš
ʱңͲ±ɣҡգգۣЦݴ⡣
ɽʧܣ֮ҩӲ߳ȫ켫ڱк񱨡һ䣬һĹֵ
ҡ״ü˲гε˵죬𶼱ƹȥˡ
뵽ɿһԵҲ֪˭ܺƹ˭
һЦĺ۶Ű񣬵켫ҪòȪ𣿡
ϣ˶Ƭֽ̣Ŀתҡ⣬׵켫Ը໻
šۣҡлһ˿ɫ켫⵽֪ﻹǲ֪
ӶϹ̫žŸȤһ켫²ʤм
ҡЦЦĿòһָɵƯŵȥȥ˳ƻλΡ
һΪĴҩ֮ˣλǻĵ
ߣ켫ڲԼǰ̵棬ΪΪ
ھһӦòȪţҪ֪Ȫзħ켫ھܱȵù壿ҡ˳ĻŲԼ
̩ȻϹ̫֮ڴ˷Ҳֻԭ֮ڻһЩ̫ŵľӸȤԸȫ黹
̫ŵľҡɵĿκ̫žһῼǡ
´켫ڶлӡ
*
̸ġ¡Ѿ̸꣬񲻾ú͸뿪
켫ڣûԻˡӰʧҡⲻɸп
ĻһԵüбЦ켫̫ţֻͨһɡ
֮˶߲㣬ϸ켫ڵù
ҡƲƲ죬ֻ깻Ѳˣû뵽ֳһꡱǰᵽźϹ̫Щ¶⣬һ̸£˸Ƶģ̸ˮ©һ
Ӧñֽš
Ͼ壬Ǻİһ壬벻ɶѣضʹֶΣ˵ĶԻһչҡ˵߰ɡ
ҡⱻ뿪ԺﻹĻǱ¶мˣ
һʼ޹˼ɵ̸֮£̸¡һ䣬ǿʱġ
Ҫλ׷ıˡζЦһ˫ĺϷʵĹâ
ҡɫȻ򣬡ոճǹ⵷Ϊ
Ϊѣü΢£뻳У켫˵ã֪ڳ
֪ա
ôҡһɵĿûл˵ǰģǿ˳ۡ
Ȼͬ⣬˶ˡ



277 
ʱƣ̺ԽԽ, ɰȵĴ̺, ˲ټ, ҡ˹Ȼ, 켫ڵķӦ²÷ֺ޲
, ¶ѹȥδ̫ˡֹ˵ʱڳһԷĺ, ֳһ˴Ƴɵͣںϴ
˺ʢһֽѩ㣬ĹЧҶҷֺȦԷ, רڵϵá
Ҷ̺һγͬΪ̺֮һۿļҰͽҡ⣬ҶҲסˣ˽Է׳
ѩǵ΢깦Чҡ⿴ϣڳҲ, Ŵкһͬ, ҶұԷϡ٣Ǹŵĺȥ
ֻ羰ù, ֮, Ķ, ֪̫𣿡
̫޼֮صˣź棬ƽ
ǣһţҡͿװģӣƲ̫㹳ֱ޶ˮߣԸϹ
Ļīü΢תͷԸϹе˼˭
˵ԸϹȻ˭Ϲ˭ҡšü˿ߣһأⶼȥˣ
ĪϾͺˡͣ˿δҲ˿δ
ҡЦ㹳ûеˣͲҪԶϹˡ
ˣԼбһУһ˸۵ӲԶַɵģԪ˿ڸͷͷһźĶˮ
źĶˮ󲻾ãԭ׵ĺġִƬףˮȺһ¡
ǺȫӵصǱߵ㣬ЩΡ
ҡһ˦Ǽֻҧŵķѩ׽¨գգۣŬͨŶѡ
Ц̵ļ˾䣬Щϣ̫ϴˮ
׹ǵҩȻֻǵ㡰ϴˮں˵̥ǵҩ޹ֺЩƴˡ
ڶ麣Ҳ˲ϴˮã̫˲ɫڣ֮Ա
ףԭʱ㻹ʶҡȵ˵ҩ㾹Ȼ
ƫͷ۱޹ĳˣᶶںߺıһ㻮ˮУɲǼɫѩԾ棬Բ⼸Ҫҫۡ
ѩ׷Ծ֮ʣԵĽǶת˹գ˲佫Ǽ˶㴮ϰ
ҲˡԼĽߡ
ҵ㣡ҡ⿴ǵѩ㣬޷޵ˤͣ׷ǰ
㷽ףǵ㡣
ָǴ㣬͵ģ㹳Ҳѵⲻ㣿
Ƴ¨üӹȻ
͡һЦ𣬡ǿʶϰ߻δġ
ҡɫ΢䣬ĳȥ
ⲻ˵Ļ
һµĸ̤۴ڲס˶϶ȵ̬ҡˣòǫ˵ûԼøÿģǰĸһбŮӵĳϣ紺ңѣ˼֮ס
ؼǣҡЩ졣
֮˺ȻڣЩΡ
ҡ¨žһֵڵϣɫ۾һ˲˲ĶǰȻֵˡ
ֲ죬ȻԣӦˡ
˵׵һˣ֮˫û뵽Ȼ￴ˡǸ˼ҡԼڴ
ҡⱻȤĻЩ̣һԱߵˣ𣿡
ͼǸ㲡Ъ˹ȣǰѾ·˸ˣţ͸˵ķɡ
ףҴǰ㣿Ϊ˲ﲻͬѰζ
ҡգգۣѵҪ˵Լص֤꣬Ȼи̣治ɫ˵żڱ޿쿴ǰķˡ
˵Ǽ棬ôҲǣϸϸĿ͸žһĪζ˵ֿû˵ĶӣֵСӣ˼ҹö
üûɿ⻰üĽһʱԣȻڣͽӹȥˣ¨Ҳ䡣
ҡ⿴˿ϵ¨΢Ҫȥʰ£ðǸСš
˵һʼĻ⣬֪ΪЦǿʶô㷸壬СһҲ
ϵ¨ڶ
ʮȰζȻ˿Ϊ˵ԺȲҲ㹳нڵˡ
ԭҡôҲû뵽㲻㹳ԭ̿Ťͷˣһ˫β̵Цˮ뵣㷺Ứ
Ҳ̫ɰ˰ɣ
ԣҳԹ㡣Ц֮ȻڽƵĻþԹĺ㡣
Ļ֪˵ĴΣȻҵЩݣǽ͵Ǵڻþ
þеһʩ֮ˣԽʵĻþԽԳϵþĹҲƫʩ߶ǴԽʵĻþҵ©ġ
ڻþǴΣһε㣿ҡŬ䵱ʱĳʱ˿û¶״÷·ܵǼ΢С¡
Ҳ̫װˡ



278 
г, ҡԭѾ¨ץ, ȴҪֿ㡣
֮ʱıڣ˶, ƼǼ, ıº黨ǲݵıһ׽綼ǰμġ
⻰ҡһЦ, ʱ˵ʲô, ҶҲҪӿڣֵûõ洫, ҲҺò
ҡĬĬͷҪһ, ߰һѺ֪ڵºͶѵʱ򻹳ȥ黨ǲݣ϶
, , ǸôĽ
ҺòФ丸Ļ, üͷûһ£ֻǿһ, ʡںδ
۾΢, ·ûĻ, Ťͷҡ˵, ˵, ʱ¡
˵һʱǲһüģЦ
˳ҡƵĿЦе˵ǰ˵ĻѲԼǰĶǻ¡
һۣҡҡͷһԲܺá
ͶˣŮ˵Ҫ졣עľٶЦ
ҡ⻰΢飬ô죬ȻеĽ뵱ô޹˼ûĹֻһˡ
߼ܺõ𿾼ܣ׼֣ҡⱾæָȥɱĶҸոռϱ߰ⳤż԰ģ뿾һǾ䣬㲻ʶģðȥ
ˣ㲻һ㰢ա˵ƺŷӦƺЩ̫ǣƯЦ
鲻ⷴ˵ˣҡֻЦŵͷǰ̫ˣʵЩܳ
˵ҿȴһһǰǸһԵĶӣ㲻⣬밢
δ˵ͱҡϡĸȥ˵İġ
˵Ųæϱߣ΢΢Щ̡ոҪϣ˵ʲô
Ȼƺӡ󲻴̫ҲЩԲ
нŲҡ򴽷Ż˽Ųĳ׷
Щ㲻طϡϤɤΪѹЩ
ҡ͵Ťͷ۾ɳԲۣĵĻҽҵͻƿڣ㻹˵Ϊβǰ˵
⧲ҳ֮ǰ޷͸·ûҲģոˤԽԽյȥĸ첲
֮ǰ֪顣šüεĿƾԼĸ첲˵ײһ¡
ҡ˰ۣй߰ȭһ£Цϣ͸¶ȥ̺ôƫƫ
䵽ԼŵķȭģЦӦǴǶϢ޵Ϣ
˭֪⻰Ǽ١ҡвŤͷ뿴
ҸѵͲˡҡԼʲôµģҲԨߣڻǺúõġ
ҡһ촽΢΢𣬡һô
ôһĿ鲻Խ䵽Ĵϣ¶˶
ֲҵġСֹ촽һһأɿڡ
Ȳ˵׶סصĺ촽׺ݵĿ˱ĥһֻסĺ󾱣һֻס
㡱ҡһĵڼʮ⣬Ȼ˵αסôδ̫˰ɡ
̫꣬Сı˶ĥ˺һδ۾ġѵ
֮ǰתͷЦ˫ˮʵ۾Լʱˡ
ҡ֪ʱľЩٶ˵ĶĻ͵ؾѹˣĪ˵ʮ⣬ǧĶײģոյĻȫˡ
ţ֮ǰѾ˽硣ûƿˣһ仰˿
һһͣҡ⳹Ъ˼ƲǰˣǸʲôĶʲô
ϲǱ߰ɡǣ֣ȥ
ţҡ侲ʱ䣬ԽĥԽ𲻼򵥣ǵץסĵŮˡ
һˣɫĶȨȤ룬˵İкľִ٣Ļȴµ˲ò˳ŻֽòɰĻᣬʱѡöǡô
һȻõŰľ籾ȻʹäĿ˵˱һˡ
ûһҵ˰ĵطСġȴǰɫʺ״Ҷаɫ磬Ѫܡ
ЩľֲֻͨҰˣΪϵá
һϵİߣתͷҡ˵üͷһ壬͵ؿ



279 
һļµĺƴϢһţǶ˸ո뿪ĵط, Ҳŵλá
Ҳ˲ϲʲô, ظ, ؾ벻, һͷˡֻ׷żϱ˿ýִѩ, ֮Ⲣûˡ
˹æ̧֮ͷƳһ, Щ˵ͻˡָҡ뵽ּ䷢£΢΢Щ, ƫͷĺ֮ˡ
ȴûбĻתע, üͷ΢ɨһȦ, ո˭
û˭, ķĶȻԭΪ˭Żġ
ҡĿ΢, ӹǰ, ղһϢڸ, ûв
ôֻǰֵĿһ, ʲôҲ֡
ȻĿ΢, ǰֿ̽ס, ֻոջ̬鶯˲ֱ̣·һܡ
촽δ˵ȴڴСӣͲܹٶֲ𴩡
˵껰һӡƮֱ𡰻һһöС񣬻˲䣬СΪмһʧȥټ
ò𣬲ƮӰЩźĿըá̡Ľѩҡ˵㳢ҵգȴǲˡ
ǰҡšüЩû
Ӱڰ֣Զ˵ҺȻҪһֻһ߻˵仰
ǸոǵϢˡüģɫĿ
ûָżϵĶ۵˵㶼սˣǿ콫ȡ
ԷһӣֱӽϨӰԭرɢ
ҡվһû֨ĸ֮պǹ죬ƺʲô֪˲ìܡ
һԽʹڸУȴûк⡰ƮߣƢֳԲÿ۸㣬عԽƢ
ǰҡûתƻ⣬עĿ¸˸еĳνˣո˿ǴӾŻġ
ʶʶѿڶһŷӦЦЦĿѾͷҵĻ
Աߵץ˻ؼһ㣬Ż
ҡû뵽ԼڵĲ²⾹ȻɶˣԴ켫ڱλӾŻıϮñ޿עŻȺȻټһܿ̽ģԵģݣͨм
ճǰǡյϢ̺ǸλŻղ֪ǹǿİϢһ뵽ľǾŻ
סڳϣոճֵǵϢȷǾŻ񡣡
λü͸أлЩꡣ
ûлشĻʵǵû
⻰ɫüĸĸ塱
ҡԱ˵ĶԻ΢΢סû뵽ĸȻԻҡϸһƺҲ˵ùȥĸң֮һǰĻ֮ͬһʵ֮ϣʱʵ
Ϲʱڣ塰ȻҦǳȼʵǿļ壬ȻǰұԽҦҳΪڶ壬еĶԹֵζ
ĸұ䣬ǵϵӵһֱϵĸΪº󣬾ͳҶ
֮ǰΪңǾ˵ùȥˡӮҺͻҸ֮ĸЯһĻѪҵĵλе΢
ҡЩĶԹʱĿͶĿЩӣ˵޼֮е
޼֮ԯϡҡǰһ˲뵽֮ǰԯ޼֮ص¡
ĿһۣʶһԳԬ歵Ůӣ浱ǵİ޳ɵûҳΪһļ塣
Ԭԯ歡ҡü䣬ԯϲûһ歵ˣѵ歡Ҳǻ
ûףѾ˴𰸣Ѿˡ
ҡ΢뵽޼֮׽ȻΪ̫ħ뿪޼֮أ׽硰⡱˺üˣ޼֮ز𽥲׼֮
ȥȡһǶӣʲô뻰˵һ룬Ϊһ⣬ĳȥ
عֻһ˲ֻ֮ϲܲץ뿪˲Ѿ׷˹ȥ齣Ҳˣȴ޹
ҡ⿴صɫ뿪йŹ֡ú¶飬пȥĵطмΣա



280 
Ҫһ, Сģ峤Ԩ̺ǡطɫصĶҡ
ҡšü, ȥޣȥء
ȥѰ棬ҡҡͷɫԻ, ָ̧, ʱ㲻Ҫ, ˵
??ֻ, Ҫͨ͡ȡˣΨһİ취ֻгҡ⴦֡
ҡȻԵ, û𻰣ãſڡҺһޡ
Уʶƺǲ̫Ӳ, ߣǲģ̺ѰҲ١
̺Ҳˡ͡
÷ȥҡšü˼, ˸еķ, ??»û, Լȷ뿪̺, úһ˻ޣЩõԤС
ֺĸоܾζ˷ֿټͲǰˡ
ԸˮҲ벻ͨΪҪԼֲֻôӦ
ҡûиԼǣӦҡɽľƵģʧЦѡ
ľָбĵ縨ΪͻͽȻδͻҲ޼
ŮԵʣһ翵ľУҲ׷˺£۶˺󣬶ף߰ɡ
̺ǡ΢ҡգЦ
ҡһۣĿ֣򴽵ˣԼȥС
Ȼֽ뻳׸ϣϵ˳˵ܿͻˣҲԼҪģעλ
֪ҲҪСģҪܣһ÷ල㣬ĸ;ŻϢҲæ׷顣ҡֻرסܵγˮ
¶˹˳ģצӵ̡֪ԼаصĽĸοƽ̧ףãˡ
˵ſľͷ׼ȥޡҡ⿴תıӰĺһ£ϣһ˲ֱӴ͸˱á
µĭȻʧ
ʶǰĸ첲ֱȵǲŰ˿ЩԼǷ񿴴
קסЩɻתô
û¡ҡԥƬ̣ҡҡͷ
᲻ңʧЦָһɫĮľ㲻ǻ÷ô
ҡһȻŷɿһ£ŷſĸ첲Ʋ߰ɡ
ѵˮһ£ȻңȴɹֹסŲ°ͣૣĲ뿪š
˵ʹ׺סĴ̽мȡҷҡգգۣȶɫСĴϷ
һͣС˺һͷԵҧҧ´ɿˡ
Աߵľͷʾ⣬
ҡ⸧׵ĺ촽ע뿪ֱǵӰʧջߡ
ԭפã̾˿ܿҲ뿪˴˵ء
ص󲻾ãҡյǰݻϢ
һüģȥѹʵ̣ô̺ˡ
̺ݱҲմ֣ôС㲻ӭҡ¸ףЦ˵
ҡݸˣȻӭῴʲôֱǶĹ´кɡ
̺߽ʿ磬ͨıѾ޷Ƕģ̺ǾٰᣬǳɰȪÿһǣŸ߽ʿġ
¸ҡҡͷЦռСıˣС㻹
ǣмЩңǿˣ˽͸ס
ҡգգ۰ʾ޿ĲȻСӣ¸θͨһóԴȲǡֻ֮޵ĺΪ磬ʵԶҪģνƥﻳû㹻ʵõĳЩﲻǻ
¸˻ĵͷųСڴ̽Ż¡
ǣĪ֪ʲôҡԾһ֪ﲻкһضб£û뵽Żйء
СΪκȻԾŻȤЩʣΪ޿޴£֮ǰͲԴˣҪ֮ϵܡ
ҡⲻ㽫͸¶ȥֻð켫ڱɱҪ˽Ż˵͡
²С˵ǰ򵥣׷ףֻЦЩ¾Ż֮£Ǿ֪ҲҸ㡣
ŻＸ񾳴ܣڴ²֪Ļܣ¾֪һ͸¶ȥǾְ
ҡĻȷ˷ȻΪŻ΢΢׵鷳ר̸һˡ
СɷˣҸɾ̺ǸǰݻСȻƲϱϹϾΪϣϿ
ЩͲˣҡڰ֣̣㻹˵˵Żա
ͷ£Ż˵Ǽ֮֮ʱѾգڻĹ֮ʱרѺ塣ŻΪΪΪѺžλĹŴ˽ԾŻ
ҡ˼ĵͷĹʱڴ޼֮سߵһҶʱ׽յãëѪԭʼʱܡΪԪŨֲʱе£Ҫöˡ
˻Ĺкڣǿİ忪ʼͳΣʼ壬ǾλĴΪ˾壬ĵ䷶
֮ս󣬾ŻصĴмλˣĴΪҲһֱ޷
ŻܹѺˣûҲȥ˵ͣһ£ĿǰᵽĶ׽ѾõĴš
˹Ѻ⣬ŻһεĹܣ·ɱ٣ԹھŻһ²⣬Ǽٵ챦
вΪ˱ܿ٣ѰŻ
ҡԲզ࣬û뵽ŻȻأɱ٣Ҳ峣˵ĵġ˥٣ЩûаնȹٵϢ֮͡
ЩھŻΪͳͳ
ƺɻ˵ŻڴԼʮλмλȥģǱеģǰȫӾŻҲ˼⡣
֪ǵпɷ޻޼֮н񡣡



281 
, ǰǸĻҡᵽң¶ָ֮ɫ
ҡ״һɫĵͷ, ʣǸңʶ֮ˡ
ʶһλҵˣɫ΢΢Щ, ƺĳЩ, ̾˿, عЩǿĳҡЦЦ, ˵Ҳɣҵȷ֪һλЩϵ񱻹ھŻ
ʮǰ, ˵Ϊдʱ죬ȼλųé®Զ档
ŻһҢϵĪ棬ʮǰȻ, λҲؽ˾ŻҪǺֳһλ𣬿ʱҾûˡ
Ƕĸһû, ûµġӡ, ͬǻŵ, ֻʣ±˺Ϸֵˡ
ѡҡ¶˼, κʵ̣֪ҵΪλᱻлǺιʡ
ұŵԭ˵硣Ϊ컯ƬԵʣƺ֮ǰ𣬵ǵҵĹϵֲöʡ
֮Ҳ֪飬һϢˣҶԴ˻Ī󱲶֪顣
Īҡ뵽λѾԯ正λҪԯһ䣬ҪԯйأԯǨŭɱ
ڻұһ£˵Щд˵һйأʲô˵õ֮⣬֪
ҡ⵽µ΢ʣд˵ұһħйأԴ˽١
Լ˼лع񣬡ҲȷδħǰйһζԹ´ԼѲ˸ϵ
ôҡüȥħйأԼǼΪҴ֮ĶǹؼպҲڹؼλã
̣յ̺ҲˣϢһΪӷϴƵƵʧ²ߣҡҲ׷ȥ
Ҳ֪Լ״̬ѣһúŽ·Ů˳˴
ҡһ˴ڴţûסڱ޿ϵ˷ѩߡ׻ֱĳʣ³ڱչأֻϵ޴·ѩߡ
ҵλʶƺֹʶô
Ǳ߷ѩʻƺЩ̸ң֮Ŵظ
ҡ⿴Ĵ𸴣һʱס֪˵Щʲô
֮ǰᵽȴû뵽ǰľ˻ҰɥĸĸŰ޹֮ͷʱҰʳΪǰ޿𣬲Ÿı̤޵֮·
˵λҾʶԪӤʱʶĻӵܣһ顣ȻΪ֮ǰľֱҲԸˡҳ£ﱾǶʱʱ޿ѵʱȨѡԹۣŻҺǸӵһʧ
ħҲЩΪͣ͵ԭ
ޣԭϿȡ
һŮշܿϿڡ
˵󷨣ߡӶŮ˵˾òһɾ¡
Ůƥ䣬һϮ³ĵ翳ƽ޲ɫǵĮֻᡰšһ·Ĳ޾յĽϿ
ϿһٲٲԴһªСԺӣſվһСͯæӭȥ
ӣ˵ڰڽ⿪󷨣׼ܽȥһ΢̣飬һۿȥܰ˿Ρ
˵̲סһԵİŮӣĿƬ̴͡
ƳۻСͯСͯ˲عЦеĽ̽ӣλѵӡ
롣ɫ䵭Ľӹ̣ǻСͯȴһҲһܽԺڡ
ҡܣȻ²һ
ƷͰƷרע̣ͷҲ̧˵
㹤̱һ貰âϵƶ׹⣬۴ϹһΪܲ˾޴˲
˷ϲڵĻң治ɫĴŷҡԺţ߰ɡ
ԺԺеĻ¶ģһ˺췢룬Ѫ۳ĵһŻ棬һϷۣȻݲᣬóʱǸŮ׷ӡ
˽̿źߣźˣҾ˵ò˰㡣
Ҳһľ֣ĿɲֹЩ߲Ųæһӣָ



282 
Ǻɫһ, Ȼ˱񱻷һˣתҡʱĿ΢, תͷζĶ˵ϷǼСӵȷˡ
˵˳һϵӣֽҡ
̱ңҲƽ, ĿƵ, ü
Ů𲻼ٴɫ, Ф, ݼݣҲЩ䵭, ôΨһȻϲᣬмֹذ֮ģȻҲ󷨡
ϰ̬ȣ治ɫ׳Ƶ:, ǰ
ǰǰҡ漴΢΢ͷʾ⣬⣬ȻֻǷ, ޼֮ɵη, ֹҲʧ
ɿҪ, ҲǸ֮, Ѽˡ
¡뿪û˹˼ֱӿżɽʡ
ûĸŻһλ뿪Ϣ֮λҢϢ
ڶ޵·ϣҡѾõǱߵϢǰ񣬾ǻĹ֮һҢ
ҺһҢͫ΢Ƭ̺ûй˼ҡڳ͵һ̣˲仯ΪޣŮ
ŮĹϵҲ̫ǢϵһŮ弱תֱºܿˣŮĸʮָӣһ濴ͻŵİ£һǵΨһĺӡ
ìңŮȣõʱժ¶Ը⣬ʱڳԣ¸Ů˵Ĺϵӡ
Ů׽ΪǴŭԶ˽Ϊ£ŮϵһȼţҪߵϾϵĵزţ֪ŵʲôǿͬˡ
棬֪ĸĸ֪١
΢ŮȻָĸףĸ׵棬޷˵ʲôֻýƻ
ȻŮиңϾΨһİŮŭ֮ͿʼǣûлشĻ𣬡ȥء
ûеʱ䣬ܿԪɽҲǻҵء
ش촴壬ֲطһԪɽԶ֮ʱʵһΪĿūԪɽΪƫƧԪϡϴ˵أ֮
Ϊ巢Դ׳֮һԪɽλ֮ϹźǣԪɽҲ棬Ϊɶõһأ󱻻ռݡ
ұźҲвټҪռ˵أ֪ΪԪɽȻһ֣֮ɽ½󣬻ɥʧǣΪʬ⡣
ǰ̽ȴ޹ԪɽҲ˱һɽ֮½յء
ԪɽȻһԪɽһּ֮С
ҪɽΧȻͣ£´ӲΪΡ
μ棬λҲ͸Ϊ磬ƺûΪַ·𾳣Ϣֱǿʵڹĺܡ
΢㶣ʶһԵķҡ⣬Ŵǰ׽Ϊ绮֣Ϊ
ҡ⻰һǰҲʹ⣬ֻδ𸴣⻰ʵڽ첻ѡȻûΪһȥ磬˿Ϊ
ʱ¶ΪϢΪ齣𵽵׼ʶ㣬һӾƲԵ
ᡰšһȴԸ˵üҲûжʣƺ֪Щʲôҡ⿴˵ľٶŮĥµޱȵĮŭ⣬ʶһֶ
Ԫɽ֮Զɽ֮£ܷȥһھͽǹ֮ܵȻԴ˵йΪ̵˽⡣
ҡĻü΢૵֮
֮ǰһ䣬һȥݹǳҽһʱ䳤ӼһŮӣй֮ŮӲӳߣξ??ĸµ䡰͡
⻹һμ˴ģ֮
£?򷨲մ??ҡҡͷ?Ƴ?Եз?Щε̾˿?
̾Ϣҡ⵭һۣû˵ֻñź꣬ʵǼȷ¡
ܺã˾ȻȻ˵ĻŲá
δע⵽֮գ˵ʹע⵽Ҳӣֻŷҡʡ߷ıľ
ľ׽粻ܣҡûзϡ
ȻȻľǿˡ
ҽɡһȣȽɽķΧ˽θɽĲľ֡



283 
Ԫɽ, еͽʿҽȥɽڼϵûҲƵ˽, ϸ΢??Ų涷ƽĳ֮ɲǼʧӰ٣ƽ˼Ĩɭ䡣
ҡһ̤ԪɽķΧ, ܵһʴԼꡣֻһƷֻ, ʵ̶ȻȲϱ, ǹ֮Ϯ֮, ַֻ֮״
ľƺп֮ãƬ̺һºʵϢ֫ٺζ, ǹ걻ʴ֮кܿˡ
عԼְϣ޾ǰ档
Сģ˵ص֮ЩŹ֡˵׿, ڡ
ҡһɵģޱƿԹǰߡ
ƿЩεӣȥ
ǰʼնûлͷС, һ·޻
Լȥ, ͣ, ڼǰһصĹ·塣·ֻɽһι, ɽɫɽͬʯɽƱһ·һҪ¡
ɽ´һƬַ紵ɹʴòӡϱпյأһֻʣ°ߵĺɫ̨Ĵϡ
ǻءҡ⿴㳡ϵĲǫ̇̄Ŀ΢Ȼȱһ룬̨ܿԴ̨Щơ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥǼ̨ɫ΢䡣
޼֮صһλŮ޽ƣ̨ǻ水Ľ˵עڼ̨ϣſڵ
ҡŹ֣ϲŭ޳ۼ˽ɣɰ˿沢紫ǰദ
ǰ֪λ޼֮صǰΪλ䡱ʱûϵ壬Ȼֱˡ
δشĻ´ҡ⼸ۣȻһԵ˵˵ͳɽ´ķߡ
Ҫ̸ҡ۴΢򣬰⴫Իпȡ֮ġվԭزĿޱƫͷ㿪ߡ
̾һת
˴Լʮɿͣƺ̸ʲôԼΧ˽磬ҡû̸۵ݡԤϣοҲ͵⿴˼ۣɴ̨ķȥ
̨ʮԶ߼㵽ˡɫ̨ǱԾ룬һ벻֪٣дļ̨ϿԿһЩĿơ
ҡЩУ¶һ˿Ȼ˵ɫЩ·ʵ̫Ϥˣʯϵ齣ϵĽơԴ̨ϵ̨֣ϵ·̨֮ͬϵĿͽͣδϣЩײࡣ
ü΢뱾彻Ƭ̡
ԯϽ?ɸ???????һö????Dǧдµǣݺ̺żϾʱۿֱûȫꡣ
ǵã?DֹԴ翴ӵĺɫ̨
Щ̨ʲô;׼תתƣĿĵĶ
ȴǱߵϢʱһϸ΢ע͵ŤͷȥֻĸˡŲٻ
ЩĿϳɫ彩ֱжٻѾ֮ܳΪ飬ɥʧǵʬ
ʾԶѾ쳣Ҳ̨ԣʣȻ˲ʧ
ԪɽȻһ磬ХԼŶ϶ĵʱͳʱ߿裬죬ҡһ㱡
ڶУǼʬ΢תԼ͸̹⣬ƺָǡ
ҡ˻Щ΢Դ׼ǻδȫָȶ֣ȴ¡
˼뿪ȻЯһŮ¡
λŮӲ飬һƲлꡣͲأֵǲԶķȴ;ǰƲлġ
ǡҡ˼ĿǼʬѾֱˡ
ƲлɫЩŹ֣βŴԼĸһлꡣ
ʲôҡɫ޲ڳһ˿ѣĸĵ£Ǹϫ
ϫδ˾ˣôȥ˵ֻأΪλвл궺
ѵʲôֽɽɵĿ⿴
һӾͿ˼˼䣬ҡ֪ô¡
ԭϫζΪ޷żתޣֻֻءʹѰҵµתȴȫҲǵټ
µԸڻأҲԪɽһǧǰԪɽⷢ˵µĲл꾹Ȼ
ֻƲлûǰļ䣬ʶûУԪɽΧεһԪɽ֮ͻӾ硣
˵ϫǰδֻءҡšü׽ֻ֮ǿᣬ޷ֹֻ֮أΪʲôϫвл
ʵ˱ΣֻҪʥҩ֮˶ܾȻ̫ʯЩһֻƵˡĸĻ˥˷ȣȻ־ѡ˥Ҳ߽ʿ֮ɫˡ
ϫ֮Ի䣬ΪŮ꼱˥ˣöҩҲ޼£ζƶϣǺܿͻƮȪֻϴתͶ̥ϫʧ٣ĲлԽ޹ʳԪɽбΡ
ҡⲻɽĿתԵĲлֲ꣬ýǧ𼸺伣ӦþΪϫ֮¡
ӵĲԭϿȾԪɽԶһ͵ˡ
ǰҲ֪顱ʵ飬ƺҲǸող֪ġ
üżأ˵ͷ
ڵ˽ǱȴЩ⣬ǻŮӺȻҡķ
ԭֻһƲл꣬˹Ⲣвʱȴ·һͷȻѵް㣬ৡһ³嵽ǰ
ҡ˼ɵĸĲл꣬һʱţֻܴæ㡣ʱѾץסȻĲлꡣ
ʱǼŽֱʬҲʼˣĿһµĹҡ⡣ĸʬΪߵдڣҲڣⶳǷ·ӡһ⿪ж볣죬Ӻ¡
ԼɥʧǵʬҡȻԲлǰȡһѳޣ̧־ҪԸǿǸʬԱߺһֱֻʬ
ߴʬҲ໰רĻػ˹ʬ
ԭΪ⼸ʬܿͽˣЩϡҲ֪ǲԪɽĻ⼸ʬЩأͬͭǽڰӲܶ֫ʹصˣҲָ
ҡ˶Ըĸʬ࣬ȥҲǰ취ԪľǾ޲ˡ
ʱһˮǼʬж
ԭĲлҲ𽥰



284 
Ȼ, лЩͣ۾ӹһ˿ãȻŻ
¶һ˿ϲڴ, ǧһζӦȻлľٶעҪʧˣޱ¶һԪɽ񷿪ʼɫǦƳ׹, ǰ߲ȱļ̨·ȻһĿĽ⡣
ͬʱ, ҡɽȻɳһ, ֱ̨ķȥ
סҡһ, ɲĿԼɳĹǹ
ǵԴ֮ʱΪƿԴĽ֮, һ鲻׵ĽɫġʱѹȥһԴĽ˺һӡ
ֻǺû뿪Դ磬⹭ҲֻùһΣص׽ӵһֻɽպȻɳ, ѾԼѹ
û취﷨̫࣬žͱκζҪ࣬һʱƵġªĳûϡ
⹭ǴӺεġԱߵɳĹ, ۵׻һ˿, ѹǹϢ֮ǰھŻʱ, ȡǿɫͷϢһ޶
лǹ, һɷ㳯ǹķȥʱٶȱ֮ǰҡ⻹Ҫ첻٣ʹһֱעҲ
˺ܿ췴ӦŻҡ⣬ѹǹԭ
̨µĽʧ󣬼̨ϿճһɫŻʽԴͨԴŲصŻʮҡ˶ȥԴŲأǵŻȻһǱȥһٿǵĲǱˣǶǰŸе졣
˲ɶһۣԿԷеɻ󡣶ʱǹлѾɽ˴󿪵ŻУҲ֪ΪǵǰƲл⣬ԥ׷˽ȥ
ʱҡҲӿǣܿҲ˼̨ϷŻС
ڷȻֵŻʱ̺ǵҡһ档ΰԼǰģҡ̸˲ٹϹ̫ŵ£Ŷ
̸ᵽ˲ǰǳ漰׽ظҡڰԾ̾˼֮֮࣬ġ˭ȳס˭ռżϾͽ̫ţҲʱ´¡
˰ҡ⻹δصסͲףĿˮ鿵ķ򣬳˭
һ˸ߵĺɫӰȻǰ
ơҡѿڶ֣Ӳĳ˷ơ
ƵݣҲ²Զ߳ʷͥĴڣ??ǸδɵСѾͷ
ڷ󣬻һ벻˳֡
ǰ
ҡĿˣôȻڳûǴĻ˽˸ۡ
ԣǺʱ̺ǣΪʲôһϢû͸¶ǵæոǰĵ̣ΪĹǣò״Դô̺
ʲδ綫ǰ㻯κǣȴһٸҪǿֻվǶһ̲סߵݵ¶
ĿǰΪֹǿĴУ˵Ϊߣµƣ˭Ҳ޷Ĵڡ
ҡ⣬һ˿ζԭӵĸۡ
ҡ΢飬̺ǵ˶֪סڳҲֲ֪εĴУ£϶ס˭ҲסĶ
Ȼ¸̣ǽ΢΢׵ص׽磬һֱʱݷ壬û뵽Ȼǰ֪ǰǡ
Ƕ˵ʵĿȴһֱǻ֮䡣ʱϰ꣬ʷٶ棬Ȼ׽ŲϺŵ̺ǡ
棬ζˡбһʣЦȻòۣҲʸʤһСֱֱͦģʵ˿׹â
ҡ΢ܵμ֮ǰεĲͬΪķԾ˴ǰɬԽԽþλɱȨķ棬죬
ʲô취ӿ??̣׻ָΪԶʱķ
˵ľ⣬֪ҵεķ岻֪֪˵϶֣һھǷѨ
ҡĬĬλһһŻ棬ǿ³Ϊʲô
ǳġ
ȻŶսСһ˿ϢϢͨȲεĴܣ˵δƵС綼ݳλá
̺ǳֹʹѾȥ죬ϢҲɢˡ
仰˵СŶԶܵ˵һҫ޵齣
ϾظĶĳ̶ֳҪһѽ
ܿҡ͸̺ܵǵձòһˣֱ仯Ϊ̺ἴʼģһֲ״ġɽϢ
һ̺ᣬΪ˵ĳ֣Ʊ˷룬ԼҲ޷֤ƿס档



285 
һԶʱڶһ, ö֮ڳס£ռȵҡҲ޷ˣֻðλס¡
, λΪ٣̺ҲŵĵطŸɴֱ˳
λºʱӰ, ƺнʲô, ҡһʱҲ㲻ڴʲô⡣, ˿, ǲȷյΪҲںδ, ˿ǣ˶ʮֿƣ˼ż̶Է⣬
־ͺãֱӴЩж, ̺Ƕꡣ
СѾͷ
סλУҡ͵ںСʱһ˴ˮϤæתͷȥ
ǰգգ, Щ˵
ӢΰӸվ, һ˫źպǵ, ɫ䲻, ǴĿ⻹ҡĪЩ衣
ˡĬΣȻ
֮£ҡⰵ˿΢¶ǡôɻ󣬡ǰ˵ǴӾŻλ
ʿ¶˼֮ɫûлشĻʡʱ
һӴϣҡ㶲ŵǰԼһհա
Ļ΢Уڵ֮ǰǰѹǹɻš
⻰ֻһʣҡȴ˾ΡԴӽֵŻʧȥϵ֮ǰ֪һΪ˷˵?DѰǺɫ̨
ϧȻ˼ɫ̨ȴɲ꣬˲δĴ¡
Ȼǹ̨ϵҡʼδģ֪ǽɫͷֺȻ𣬻Ʋڵʱʱ϶Ϊǹ֮
ˣΪνѵǰ֪
ҡаתǧأȴ¶һ˿ɻƬ̺һȻģǰ˵Դǰѹǹ
˵΢΢üƲɽ֮״˵ҲһʱǽĶǰҪǹ
ǹƵģ˵ܽеʣͿ᲻͸¶ˡ
εͨɽ̽һ˲ѾָŵĶһ࣬һ΢΢šüˣʲôҪ֮
ƽƺֻһʣ⡣
˿¶ڷ磬ҡ̽ԼʲôһתɴཫתϣǰλǰǺʱؽŻġ
΢㶣ƺû뵽Ȼе̽Ϣ뵽ȻˣǹʲδԶ˾Ż
˭ͽŻȥҡʣԶڣǺüǰ¡
˼ĿʵĹ岢һϵ̫һ?ԨԴ
̫ħᡱҡ⾪ӹ˼ת˲Ӧǰ֮⣬ħ潫ؽȥġ
Ȼ׽岻ͬһȣ̫ţʵڳϣ嶼
ħ岻ǰ˴鷳ǳİաЦЦĿָ
ҡ۽΢̧ǣҲڣǰħĵˣȡħġ
ġ¶˼֮ɫƺЩʲô˲ʧ
ڴоԲк뿪ҡѾϰߵü̧һ£֧ã˵Ļ
ֲȥħԨԭ?ԨԴ̫ŵֻǹǹʲô
뵽Щ߰һ£һʧȥϵҲ֪ǱʲôΡ
Ԫɽ
뱾֮ϵʧˡ
˽Ż󣬲лͲټߵķҡսãͷ뱾ʧȥϵ
¡ͣ£üʵ
ҡⲻҲͣЩɵҡҡͷӦ£Ŀռ뱾ϵ
ǰҲ籾޼֮ʱ͸֪ķ
⻰΢΢û˵šüʼûչ
˴ܣŻڵĳЩ죬ôأ෴ŻڵĿռʮͨѹѰľ
ƬռԼа꣬ԶȺɽ֣ĺݵأһӦоУܿǵľ£Ҫ˵ΨһֵĵطŻռһһģһĹ·塣
·һҡҡ׹ĺɫ·塣
˿ԶĹ·壬ĬĶһۣ·ķȥ

˷·ʱȻһŴ̶ɳƵĹֽУȺɫǵذ㳯ӿ
Ⱥ࣬һֻյҡʵҲвһʱ޴֡



286 
ʱ, һѹѹַһȺȺͨڷ, ͽϲǰֵĳӾһ˿ֻһ԰ӴĮơ
ȺԲʮ֮ڣǰлڣɱ֮к춯صơһѪ˷ӿľ, ֮ݰ, Ҳռ˺á
ҡĿ΢ݣĬһ, ֣˭Ⱥڹδ, ʹ֮ӵΧ, ĿŶĳ
ǲײ֮սҡü΢дһ˿졣
üбĺۻһâֻЯƶһ, ߡ
Ų, սʱŵȺҲʼˣո, ԭμĳڶɫ𽥻Ϊһ, ໥ɱ, ˻֮ڶ, ʱѪ䡣
ǳĿ˫ͫһΪ죬һΪȥΪ죬β˳ҷ쪣Ψзһѹһκιϳһųªĺɫʹù񿡣ƽһĨŹֶС
ħҡĿ΢ɢźѪѪǳɱϾˣ׾սģͣһԹۿ
ѹѹȺηԾ֮໥ɱڹȻȳСȴһֻ߰һΧ䵥ĳ񣬹ѲڣΧŹ
ƮһŨصζܿ㱻⣬ԴԺƣƬرħɭɭ
ץһֻǳ峤Լɣδ˺üȴжáƬ̺£üħѰħ徫Ϣвͬ
ҡ֪ħ˽ļһ˼˵׽йء
Ŀ˫ͫԼһ塣ԣл˼֮ɫ̧еĳ񣬱΢
䲻ȸ˵ԶҲպյǿ壬ȻԶ֮սԪˣϹʱѾ伣ѲǰֻĹӦв֮
ҡ˵ͷ˫ͫǳ˫ͫв²⣬ֵڹƺ׽翴Ҳ֪ΪΣȺڵĹܾЩϤ
֮սԱ߹ۿһûʲôջ뿪һֻڹȻǰ
ֻͬЩһצһϵһ״ͼ
ȻĿһиһ˿ɫҡһԾĹϡ
ûҡ⿪˵ʲôǹһûй˼ɱͬ壬ĳȥ
뿪ȺδֳʤϵʬѾѻͬСɽһ㣬ƵĺƬط·һħԨ
֪ȥãһµӺȻͻأ֣խһ֮УӲףƺϴˡҡⲢδ뿪ػᾪȲѣǻħħʡড
ҵصأڳˡչһϵĺ𣬷ڱᣬƬ̺԰׵¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ȼǡβ죬һƮͱ紵ɢ
̺ǡ
һŮվһСԺڣеӢʣڵž̶ֶһ֮ıŮĸ첲ϵ
⣬֮ĪҪˡ
ŮɤöȻò㣬һ˫öˣΪ˼ɫü京һ⼸ɫִۿۡ
綺ͷӻһâмְգ
ֻҪң߷ְաŮһϲ̧ͷˮ
ӽü΢ŲһԵ
ƺмһˡ
ŮΣЩĿ۶Էڵ⣬δţǼͬһķ
Ŷô˵ţӷµʯϡ
һƣһõţΪ˹ܴɡҧҧҲ˳ȻδţᵽŵĲ
¼͸¶⣬ȴԭ淢ʱ㱼俴һ档ΪǻʶŵĲо꣬Ϊ㣬оŵİأʹŽ̫ŻȡԴͱӻ
Ȼ沢δоŵܣҲһƩ統óǿ飬Ϊ쳤ؾôŶմȾϢҳ
ûǴҲԪӤڣԪӤڵļʶǹôáӹһ˿ѬҲͣ˼ʮ꣬һԪӤʿ֮˿û
ȴԼصĶʮţסֵĪС棬ȻΪߣҲǾˣϹ̫ŵĶʢŵҲв
Ц°ͣ˵濴ʲô
׳죬޷֮ءſգૣκסĲĵ˵ǧйءᣬƺںߡ
һ仰ͫ΢ڵﻮһ⣬ֻǳԼ˼˲δ
ˣŷȡˡ֪˶ã⿪ڡ
ĻЦտ⣬ǺöҲʧġ
ţ໶죬лһ˿⣬ƺЩʲôŵɫĪ˼
ҡڳЩ֣ԭʱѾ𽥽ģѾˣ۵Ľ׶ΣƺԲЩʲô
˵ЩȻ˽ݡСԺֻʣһӭδ֦Ҷ··ڷ⡣
һʱſ֨һ򿪣˳ţԺȥ
˾סԺȻ󣬵λȴãڳԶ̺λҲֻżʮɡ̺ĵ죬ͬʱҲһա
ἴѹıȻҲ˲Ŀ˵ѹһƷ֮⣬׽ȪеĲȪ
ţ˫ˮĸǰķߡȻ˫֮Ϊϵڽһܶ¶ڶԷǰ˫ʵ⣬޷
⣬̻̣ƺвõ·Ȼסĸ첲˵
׼ƾΣա
šüЩΪ⣬հǰ˺ɲǺϰԣ㲻˵иû𣿡
Ƭ̣ǸŽá



287 
̺½, , ˡȫƷĸʯ, , ̶̳ȿɵȫһ
濴ȥ, Ȼһ, ϻиϹ֮硣ṹʻΣһ¥, ͨɢҪΪҪ, νᾳ׼ڡ¥żҪһǧƷʯҪһԪʿ¥ż, ҪʯҪһλɽڵĵʸȥ
з¶, šʵͿж˵̺ܽᡣǺ֮˵Ϸ, ϷԽԽ㣬Ѿ𽥴޵ͷ
Ѿе, Ҳһ졣ǰѹƷֱһƷһŲƷĳһ, ŵ
Ϊζûޣһٴ֤޵ʵλ, һҲʹ˴ж, һҪѩ, ѹ֮Ｔʹ޵òҲܽȥ
ʱһڿʼⳡῪθ˾һȭͷļƷ󣬶ʱһ¥ĵͽʿը˹
ûҵȳֵĻˡ
ڽôһҲֵƷʯɡ
һǼƷҲֻж¥Ĵùˡ
һ죬ر

һ¥ƷҲһߡҲԤϵǰ㣬ӵһƷʼƷһһ󣬼ȫɶ¥ż˰һ¥ĵͽʿֻܸɵۿЩʯıﱻߡ
ܿⳡֻʣʮʮƷһƷɽɽձʳһֱû¥˶
ھߣʮƷʯ
̫ųߣʮƷʯ

Ʒɽ԰ʮƷʯĳɽۣڵ̫ϳϾߡ˵λϽǧӲݸ̺ǣΪ˴˽
ڵ̫ϳɽƺǸźţ¥֨¥ʼĽĶ
Ž幺ߣһ̥Ϊ黨ĵãһ鱻޷ߣһؽ׼Ʒ̫汻õ
ƷһλĹŴܵսסһ¥ʦ֣һڳסĶ̧
µǳƷԼһ࣬һ̧йɲԶϢϯ᳡ƬռΪ֮һ͡
ǿϢǻĹŴܡ˵ૡ
ʦСڵĺڳ񣬵ս˲ֵ֣ܵסһ仰˵ӦһλĹսס
ڳȡ£ս¶ĿԤйݲһǰսɫ࣬˲ۣ沼ƣ·һͻ顣ƣ滹߲Ѫա
ЩѸɺԵѪս˵ĺպսѪǽЩѪ˵ûܵõĹľѪ
֪ΪԴԵʣ׽̫ħսǿǻĹ飬ٴԶϹţҲ˵ԽǹϵԽǿͬ£ԶȲĹ顣
޼֮غس˯̫ħ⣬׽ܴӻĹŴϹŶʮָ֮
һĹս׳֣һ¥ĵͽʿĿ࣬¥ҲЩסˡ
¥һż䣬µӢΰվĿĶǼսף΢򣬡սףΪλ֣
ʥԱߵıŮͫ΢¶һ˿֮ɫ֮սˣûþˣԡʥλĹŴ
ףĪǻʥսף¥һżͻȻڣȴ嶫ս׵ĵϸ
Ļһ¡һըʥǿǴ˵еĻĹ֮ףνʮʥȻΪʥͻĹŵĴԲһΡ
Է飬ս׵ȷǻʥսסʦЦ̬ȴԵá
̲סս׶ˣֻ𻵲֣ҿһͻˡ
ǣҪһ𻵵սкãս׹ȥô꣬ܲû˵
Ҳô˵ս׵ѪǺ
ŪһùǻʥĶǺôó֤

ʽʦŲæָս׵ظλãλ뿴һͼഫʥһϰߣϲԼĶһԲӡǡ
ָλãȻ߲ƶԼܿһԲͼͼϸĿܿ塣
¥żԭɫüлһ˿Ȼ
ԱߵıŮӹһ˿ǲƫƫʱֻʥսףбض塣



288 
ʥǺպĻĹŴ, ս, ҽԸʮƷʯղشʥ¥ĳż䴫һŵЦһʱĬȻ, ֮ǰǰƷɽļ۾ʮƷʯ, ȴʮƷʯûʥսף塣
мʶΧ˽, ԭ˥󣬽һûżĻĹһ, 弸Ѿ伣, Ȼ޼ɵ
ߵ³겻ѣЩš˺󱲲ΪԼļ塢Ժ, ȻҲֻҶ˥Ļˣ硣
ʮʯսףڴʱ, һߴ¥һ䴫һǿѹǸ, ķѹȥ
ѹȻԵǽ壬ѹжΪ֮һͣ¥ϵͽʿ׷ɫ̱ڵ, صѾιȥˡ
𣿲, Ҳûôǿѹ
ѵ񣿣
˻Ȼ, ȻʮƵƵ, Դ˶ֲεĴǴ˵е, һһλû뵽ᾹȻǰʧĻһ
ոǷο޷ˡ
ǰǣżǼڱ񾳵ѹѹֱӹڵأֻһλ𾳵Ľǿڵ
С߽ͣХ¸ջȥݷ
˵Ǹżš֨һ򿪣ۼѾڵصǱģ֪λҪһ塣
ڴʥ֪ͣһλ˭֪߲ơûХµ֣һãȻ¥ţɫȴ˱仯
¥ĳһżڣϵĶüһе￴ɫХ£ǸΪ֮ļ⣿û뵽ˡ
Ȼδ¶棬¡ϾǵѣȻ֮ʵˣҲһֱĹնϹʱڣһλ峤ΪܳԽ󱲣˱Х¡
峤ܴ壬ХҲ̾Ϊֹٶһ·𾳡Ǻ漰һ׮±ڴʥͽ񣬳Ϊ׽
Ѿȥʮ꣬Х׽紳ټʱҲСҲǵһλХ𣬲ӦóХ
ʥսףʮһΣ˱ѹסʱΨһûӰľ̨ϵʦ·ûвֳգ治ɫ˵
һ˵ע˻̨ϵ̩ȻıۣаӺ޼֮س񶼸ӡ
һ򡣡ˮһʹʮֱ쭵һ⵱ʱʯൽûΪһ壬ҪΪͻʥͷ
һΧû졣ƷʯһʱҪսף˵һλ񣬵òʧûҪʤ
Ǹս׺ܿͱͽż䣬űսɫЩӣһƷʯСĿѾóȫҡ
𿴼񣬵˼ʮ꣬Ѿ޳ǰʯżȻ񣬾ҲգһûõսףʼͶлԵһӳһƷʯҲۡ
ƷʯܻһƷʲƷˡ
һմ棬ױʡԭеǣû뵽ڲ϶Ȼֻ΢С£ЩС£֮䱾Ͳȵĸ˷
ûвС˼û⡣սױͽԺ㽫ȫսϡ
ĹŴսףȻֶβ䲻֮οʯҲΪһ
޷ӦЩơüż⣬˵ЩʲôȻ΢䣬۳ս׵ˣݺü⣬ҳȥһˡ
˵򿪷˳ȥʱоսϵԲӡǣͷҲ̧˵ͷûٹԭΪȴܣɫһ䣬ߵͷȥ
뿪ԭרоս׵ɫһģһӣǺ⣿
ȴǰս޻ȼܿ㻯Ϊҷɣﻹս׵Ӱӡ
ƻĸҲΣôˣ
յķڣһԺϷʵЦ



289 
뿪żɫЩѿ, ߵⲽϢκȻ˲ʧʧ, һӰ¥ߵһ
вԶһСԺ, ʱһλŮӡŮӶڻԵʯǰ, һ, ׿šʯ״¯ð, һĵܣþòɢ
Ժӿ, ȴǬԺ²˼Ϊ󷨣۾һ̥һϢ󣬾һʱҲ޷
ŮƺڵˣûãҪȵ˺ܿˡ
ˡųԺ, ׵¶һǳЦ, ʾ¡
ǰ, ֮ɫü, λʲô
˷飬Ҳ֪ı졯ĵ, һ˵׻壬ολ޼֮صɽХ㣿
˿еġλȻͬһ, Ļ, ͷɫ, ŮӣĻӰһĳȥһգؼңȵк£
㵽ٽеĹȵѶ˶٣¶һֵЦʵ⻰˵Ҳ˼ǣȻѾ̺ǣͲҪˣͿһء
Ŀ΢һֱߣԭ峺ͫʱ֪ȥã֪ˡ
ﲻܹǵ£ǸĶΪ֮Ȼݸһֻɽ䣬ʼմŵȻǳЦ
ӹɽ䣬̽в鿴Ķлһ˿ɻ󣬡ǣ
̧ͷǰ˼Ϣʱ䣬۵¶֮ɫƬ̺ȻȻڡĻ£ֻĿԷ
̫ãҸûȥˡ֪˶ãպɽ䣬ǰˡ
ǰĹȻʲôҲû˵½ʯϵ𣬲ٿ£ɫȹ뾧ӨļҫۣйɳȵȻڡ
Ŀ΢ƫͷΧһȦü֪ʱѾɿȻã˵˾䡰ȵѵǱࡱ󣬱뿪
ߺ󲻾ãһŮӳԺ
ϹȻˣˮһ˿ɫ
żռõݣü𣬡Ҹոռһ
ʲô
ΪӵĿԺܴ󣬻̾˿Ļû˵ڣȻԼµ˼
ϵ벻ľ룬ǲ̫ࡣ
£ĳģ̺ǣ˵һϷ
Ȼ˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻǳķ
ľѾ˲̵ʱգΪβã̲֪ʱع񣬺Ȼʵ
ȻջߣǹһЦ͵ʱ򡣡
ʱˣѵ㻹ܳס̿Ŀ͸һ֮ɫ
ĿЩ֣ƽǳͺ󱲡
Ȼֻ죬ʲôͲö֪ˡ
صʱѵβѹƷȻʱ˵һһƷ
ǼƷһꪣ˵ǷʮﹲˮꪶƣȻȲˮꪣƷѬƷСƷǹѹ׵ƷܿǵǧƷʯһвϵơ
ȲεᣬͨһͳԲˣꪵ޸󶥼ϡȱƷѵã˵лΪҴ˳Ǳꪣ˫ʵ仯
һҽꪱ̫һǧƷʯߡһϣϸ֮֮С˾̫ţ˵޼֮óģĿıΪ̫ơϾĳ潲Ʒ޼֮һǧȻ࣬Ʒ޷ʯġ
ȻҲв˶Դ΢ʣΪ̫޼֮ش˾Ūҡ
뷨ĶǴ˵ӣͨͱ̫ŵĴֱŪ˵ˣҪѹƷԸΪ̫ŵĲڳɹ
쵽磬̺ἴ˵еĲȪδ֣פиԸȥСϢƣгС ȫ޵ĶǳСϣвȪ֣̥
ϢԴɿҲδ֪ҥԴбۣ˼ʹ̺Ѿβû뿪
ʱһȥδʱչ̺ǺȻԤ׵һţһϤ
Խǰ׽Ũ̶˸̨ף˼ס˺ȴı仯
Ϣڴظδ£Ļʼ»
쿴Ǳߣ
֪˭һУʶĳ򿴡
ֻⲻԶĳأҫ۵ɫâƻǲ񷣬
챦
ؽ¸ı
Ȼ̺˽Ҳ
ӾӰȿֺ⡣
----------


290 
̺ⲻԶһɽ, ɽһ㣬˲ʿɽ, ƣεǿɽ
ɽΪ̺ǹ·ϰ֮߳Ϊɽ, ƽʱżܼ, ˭֪ɽȻĿʻ, ʱӿһˡ
ԶԶǰǼλɽٵ, Ϊߵ̳֮Ǹ춯֮ʾʩֻ̽ҪһϢ˲䵽ɽϡ
ɫ⻪ֻ˶̶߰Ϣʱ䣬ȴ󲿶ӵʧӰʹҲֹ˵, Ͼո֤ʵĲ֮
̺ỹδ, ˵ػʿСЯ˺󱲳ʶɽյ, ͻȻֵɽȻһɴ
, иֱֶΣ˵Ӻԥͳɽ, С̲㣬Ϊǵɫ⻪, ǰǵɽҲƴһ, ˸ΪȻβ, ûͣ, ɽѰ챦
ЩԭЩСɵĵͽʿ, Ͼһ˶һݾܣ׽֦ŭѰҪ£ҲͷЩͽʿһɽ
ɫɽ˶ɽֻЩ˼ʿɽ´˴νɽʿмˣԴԴ˸ɽȻһװ˵Ҳ´࣬ɽӰʱиO@ɽ´Ҫˡ
ʱһŮɽ´ƺִ˾롣ʱһɽڸסɽƺĳֱ仯˳ױŲƵͬط
ŮûҵͬеӲδţӹһ˿ڽͼ⡣ָĦʳָɽ䣬ƺڸ֪Щʲôܿʲôȥ
ͻȻֵĴЩΣ̽ӵذ޷չʹʿҲܼܲ̽ʮɷΧŮһ·УżʿҲܿĿ겻Ƶ濿
ɽ´޳֮ΪԵʣӰӰ㿵ӰԵЩȡǱŮӵĿĵأڹгɣԭش˰Ӻźǰ˼ɣֱֱײɽ塣
ɽ龳ʿ˵£ײȥȴǴɽΪ˽ɽԭײĵطиεɽֱȻأֱֱײȥƾ۱ҲԲ
ɽ߳أԽǳԣ˴Լʱ䣬𽥱һ첨Զ
Ůü΢иɫӿٶͷȥͷԼиƴĹߣϱǹɰƴˮ״С󡰻һ£ǰȻȻʣҫ۵Ĺâ̵ֱǰһʶۡ
ȱŮٶۣǰĶһ
ǰһ뾶ɵСռ䣬ΧʯɫʮֹŹ֣һִŹɫʯϻֵ·ʯδע⣬ĿȫʯǶһȭͷĶ
ǡ񾧣
ԭŮΪɽǸ壬û뵽Ȼڴ˴񾧣һ仯ЩȷԼǰĲ²⡣
ƲʯҪϣͬʱΪϣ˴ֱʾΪδ̫ݳޡ
ţһתͷҲ࣬һӰͻȻ
ף񾧣ü΢¶һ˿ǡôľȡ
ˣŮ΢һ˿Ī֮ɫӣò
Ȼڴ˴ˣҡ⣬ǶŵڻްɽɢӨЩâӳϾӣƯЩʵ
ɽһѱèץӵ˵ƺƶǰ֮޿κΡ
ŮӣҲɫһҲתӡκȻΪһܿʧȻҡһʧӰ˻³ֱ֣һƥθס
޳ϣҡϾĽ£Ȼ˸Ī⣬˵֪⡣
̧ͻȻ¶һ˿㱣µòϡ
ĲЩ쳣ȻδµԷ⣬ϣѸ̽ɽ䣬һƻ
ƻʮֹ죬ʶɵ֮ġҡһ֪ϢͲһĪΣ뵱쾳֮ʱ̷ųŹϢһ޶
ǻ岻ܿƣɱܰ˰ڲԻһ֪ȴ֪һ̫ϵһŹͨ
ɽгݡһҡȥ
ͬʱɽѰ˺Ȼ㲻һĶ
ӣòһŮͻأɽѰ㶡
˭˵
Ǻ⣿Ҳˣ
ʱͣѰĽŲ̧ĴҪѰԴڡ
ɽһѱ̵֮ɽǴ߷ģǴӵصġ
ӵ
̲סڵ˶ԺȻĶԻͷԣѰԴ
޳ϣתԽ֮ٶ𣬻֮ȴɽ˰˿
޳뵽ոպѡѵڵѯƻǷ޳йأ
ϢԴֻһ˵µòϡ
˻ƻȻˣ



291 
̶̼仰, ɽ˲ԼֹͬͣѰȥǷи˵ܱϧζԻ˵, Ҳû
Ҳ׷ĪֵĶԻǺԵʣ翵Ĵ, ȻԸԼţοŵķʽ͵ԺżݵĿŶࡣ
ٶˡ͵׸ޣⳡԻԼᴫޡʧ˵Ļʱ, ĳһͻأ
ףǡһ޴ӵصװһ, ǶȻǿƴľӡεױӱоµĻ, Ʒ
ɽ˴ɽҲ⡣ĳһŷ·ֻδὫ£Ϸɽ౻ûĵطֳ
ҵʲôܿע⵽Ķȵ
;ӷĹΧĹע, ޸˷׷׻񣬳ķ򿿽޿ƺӲ, Χ˺סʰıﶼҪ, æһ, ֮󼪡
֮˱ΪӶ, ҲߵޣʩͨҪǿ鱻µľӡȴ˵ǿ鱻µľӱһ϶泯ϣֻл㼯Ȼ˱仯
ͬ¥㣬лûһխСĿռ䣬˵Ӱ
һŰ£覵ӷ·ڷŹ⣬ڳ֮˼δҲܲ³һò࣬Ψһ˫˼ֲһϡ
˷룬ɽһʱҲûֻͷŰճֵľȺ૳Ƕλ
ֻδˣȴǲˣһϵб仯ýɽɺ;衣ɽֻһͨɽ֣ԤʾɽйŹ֡
ͨɽԪƽĺüλɽ٣лεĹעţѸҵʹâԴͷȻɽ̳ǺȻĪ涼ˡ
ԭס̺ǵΪӣɽ̺ǸӦǽˮ¥̨ȵ£˭ϴɽ̺ͷʣ޵ˡ
ǻòԣǸжɽٵϵľյĳ¶֮ɫ
ʦ壬òǺŶɽٵһŮӺʡ
λɽٵһڣȻʵȲ켫ڣɽɵʱձ켫ڻҪԶԻ͵ʱҲһȽӽ۽绹еģһͷһߵòϹ˵˾һ渱
ʱԽԽ˸ϵĬûϵľӣھܣһڶɽٵͻòһ̧׹עͶӰ
һʱ䣬ɽֻǶɽٵ渶̸⵽ǰʰӵȺ뷽Ŵ¡ҵʲôʿһۣϢ뿪ɽ
ɽ´
ɽųĻ˲ҡڡŻҪԶǰڲɽţһϢʱͿסǣ궼͸С
ҡֱȴŲæĿǰˣ˼˵ԭ̡
˳ڣɴϲ⸱ȻģҲֻǿ֮ĩ̬
֪ҹζĵ̧ʩչһֻ˫趯ָ绨˼֮ϢϢԭݶ˹翵ʡ
Ů̵ġ͡ҡĿĶ˿ûΣĽš
Ļڽɫ䣬һͣǹϢʱʼɢ˲ý䣬Ȼ֪
ҡֱ΢ǰ֮˽䱸˼ʶľٶƼǼĹһЦܿҡɫһ࣬޳֪λԲ½磬ȴƶ׽٣Ŀ
˵ʲôʲô½磿ƺǰһ仰˼һ仰ȴŭѡ
ƶ٣ǧԣǱʵɴ˵Ǹ֮ˡ
Ҳǹ֮ˣʩ䱻ϣɴȷʩչһֱȽҡ˵
Ī⣬ӹȻԼɽõģһŵڶСǹȻģ֮ȴʥˣδҡѡ
˭֪ǰһһֻסĲӣһźЦȻǰ˵ǰװͿ
һǿϢ˼䣬ϢԶֱͨ񾳡סɫ࣬ɴۣ񣿲ܣ
ҵȻ񣬵Ҫɱӡҡ΢΢һЦʵδ𣬼ϴ˵ػ⣬Է޷ֻ֮ԥĲ
ɽ㶵еͶӰƻһᣬ档
ͶӰûʿֶζ˵ڳĸ߽ʿʶ࣬˶˵ĶԻϢû׹ߣ˲Ӷûǻع
Ժֻصҡ˵һ仰֪λԲ½磬ȴƶ׽٣Ŀ
λʥҪƶ٣Ӻ˵ȷ£
ʥˣ޼֮ҲԲ޼֮ؿ϶Ϣ㣬Ҳ˵λҪƶʮа.ģ
Ϣʲô챦Ҫ˵ö࣬ɽ²ͣڳʿȴ緲˰ɪɪЩɽֲεϢͨȨ֪֪׶༪١
֪ǲӦĳЩв²⣬ֻ漰ʥ˲Σϵǿ龵Ŀ£֨һˡ
̺ǧ⣬һֻɫɿԶɳۡȲϷ񿡣ëҲΪޣʮƯ
һˣһϮ£ݣǲǰɽҡ
𣬿죬ȥݣֻȸϣɫ쳣԰ףƺ˲ᡣ
ȸٶȲںͫoţ𾳵ȸҲһǧֻȸ𾳣ͨзٶҪöࡣ
ѵ̺ͣαؼߡһȻը죬дż
һܿȥʱ𣬸Ҷ
ȸʱ׼ԽһƬȺɽþˣƶҲһ䡣ν壬ơ
Ǹ˽ĺõط
˵ʵ֮䲢޳ԹϧˡһӰͻأһһǰİԶ衣
֮Աǣȴ֪ҡ˵ʵΪŮȻ˵ĵطȻһŮϲҲȥֻ飬ʵʵЩ𡣺οΪ޳עվڶ档
ûʲôÿϧġˮժϵĺǰһסǺһĨᱡľɴҡϸȥ
ģķΪˮϼǼѵõ깥뱸ƷɱȻڵʵ޷Ԧʹ
ͬʱµȸſ๣»һڻȸѪµɽΪɽɽĲͳͳɽɫ
մȸѪĻҪɵһ



292 
Χû𹥻, Ȼªֱ, ȴǵЧķӡǲñеͨռ, һһĬĹҲһʱ޷ռϷ硣
仰˵ֻҪ, ڲ֮ءȻЩ˲Գƶ, ҡûĿռͨ, , ӭü, Сʤ, ļﻹ
˶Խ׶սʵΪһ󾳽, ˵ҡҪɱ練ơȻ, ֵĵط翵˺ʥϡ
޳˼, ÿαܻΪ, ҡ, Ҳδºֵԭ֮һֻҪǿˣԷԶǴСǿ˷Ѿ, ɴส׳нľ˶Էϵ⡪׸
ʥȻҡâڱλǲ, ʥҲӲܡЩе¹Ҳ˴, ԰зֵ³, Ȼǻ˹ء
䣬ֻҪʥԳ棬Լ벻ѧκ¶ȫˡ
ͷҡԺлʱȥܳʵҲŹȥϢʱ䡣ˮϼɵĺǰĻǵس
ûκζƺһʱûӦȻͺѾմϣҡʧǫoŶݹ棬ͨĹ
ûĿ꣬Ƭ̺Ϊһ»صϡڰȼգȵ¶ֱӽΧճһյشռ䶼ڻŤĺۼ
ƲԣϼһҪӣȸ˲ϡǿ˳·â˲佫סܿռһŤӰȻʧ
Ӱʧǰһֻ˳ᳯķһָһͣǿ鱻֣˵ķȥѾõӰǱĴŤĿռ
һԵȸæһһֻȵǲ֮ǰѵķౡаһ𣬵µɽѾ³ĻƳɽ
²ܲҡûǣǿ΢ЦġߡǰڶڰգǱնƽأò
òסΣĻδӣ·ֻʣƽģ
ǻʧЧ˵ĴҲת
ɽֻҵһͬȥɽֻķ.ҡһ˵һ̧ȼһ֮
֮ǰӲ֪ԭҲһ߷/߷/뱾һ޶㿴ۡ˼˶ûȥɽȥǷ/ֻһڻò
òձ޿ҲĸǰƵһϾܿþйأ͵Ĺʮƣòи硣
ʮֱ棬ȥԲһ⣬òԲ鿴ĸҡһ֪ԼЩ뷨
Ӳǰʼһжľ籾ߡҪҿ޳ݣûйⳡϷôȥǱ˼ˡ䡱ĶԻˡ䡱񵽵ľ֤ݣ֪ͨŵϢ
챦ĶšƲҵõţ׷ķţȻ켫ڣҲӱһӾҳš
׷ɽ´ͨߵͷΪӦǿ۹һ˲˾硣òѾҡշھ˿ףҲˣܿ˻Ŀơ
´ͷβŵģЩط֮ǰ̺ʱġܷɽǱ𣬾ӵСϸڷֵġķ棬Զ
ڽسոһðռȥġϾÿεҪССһ¡ֻ漰ʥ󣬲ÿ˶ҡ֪ģ
Ѹٸȥɽ˶֮¹ͷһˡ˵̸λѾ¹ء޳λ˼ֵùעġ
˵Ĺָķٵ˳ȥλɵĹУմϻͰ㣬ӭǣӻƶ䡱һǵͷ­С̴ֱ֮˵ˡ
û뵽ҡ˹δ˵Ͷ֣ɾ㡣ٵȻУ֮ɫ䡣
ոû𣬹ƽҲûΣҡϾĿǱӰ
/٣ԪˣֻԱ㣬Ǳˣϼˡ
㣡ߺ޵Ķҡ⣬ɫҰ׵÷·ʱιȥ
ҡûнԹɫϣüĳۺɫ΢䣬س嵽ǰֱ̽ԷʶС
ʶס֮꣬ųˣ仹ǿڡʶʶʼˣƺҪȥ



293 
ϣƵĳγ̿ղ֪ʱƬ, رȾɶĿĽɫ, ·һȦߡ, ׹
׳ӿĪĲա
ȻҪսپƺʲôҡȻջǿнʶһ, , ̧̨, ʱһϤġȸԾͨĴų̈
΢΢, ָץ, ·׽סЩʲô
סɴ, Ҫ۾ѡݱŤƺڳĪʹࡣҡָץĶ, һ, û, 𽥷, ԰׵ۿɼٶȱûҰ, ʶɢе·ʱϨ, ҡҡ׹
һŰüƮƺһ⡣
ʱһ, Īѹ, и߽ʿڤڤиܵĳЩֻס
ʱ, һֻͻأҡͷ覣˳Ө
һֻŮӵ֡ϢԶ֮ϣƾǹѹҡȫ޷궼Ƭ̳͡
̧һǣҪߡ׼ȷ˵Ŀǵ⡣
ʱӶֳһֻơֻ޳ǽھͤ˵ȳֵơ
ֻƵ˶û˵ɢѹԶǧ̺ǶֻܲƲ̻Ķϣûɽı仯鶼ܸܵƬһ
пɲϢɨëȻ˱ð·ոռһ޿޵ĵؽ磬ܸ֮ܵĵѹ
ҡֻ·Ҳ֪ǲֻΪ֮δܵѹĳֻѻȥŰ֪ǲǲΣգֻƾ֮ʣৡһ˲üġ
޳λɲǼ䣬ʶ䡱һըҡֻԼǰһףŷ·һӻΪԭʼˣجج֪ںδ
ʱֻƻǰѾ˼շһ޳ǧľԼˡ
ǰ·ⲻͣУЩһ㽫ɢ¶ڻɡ֪ȥãƺֻǶ̶һϢƺȥۣ꣬һȫµǰ·۾мһָһǰԲܡ
ָоͬ߸ϵеĶڡжΡƫͷ͸ֻƣ͸޾ռ䣬ңңˡ
һվļűƣʱƮŮɫȵĿˡһۣиһƸ֮ɫ
һǺ忡мϤ֮С˲Ŀ⣬һЦ
ջߣ¶Ȼɻ̬ɬİѧӤҡ˭
仰ֻǡһʣͨȴƵ˺עʥĬȻԽϵҪһ˭
͸ҡ豻棬ļԣߵһѣﵽһͬĲ֮
˵仰лһ˿ãȻӰ𽥱䵭ƺҪ뿪ʱһֻצ̽һԲķץ
ֻצƣϲɫۼףצצצһצצĳַ·ǸźţɲǼ䣬ֻ˳
ֻֽƬؽһ࣬ԭʵ϶мӿơ񷡰¡¡¾棬⼸λֱ̧ܻǧĴʿɶֹ
ڼֻҶ֮ʣҡǻΪޣֻʣһ롣ٶ֮棬ϵʥ˶޷ݳ
ˣʱδ֮Уһε̾Ϣ
㵹Ǻơצ˹Цһ
Ȼ޳ѾںϣҲʱˡһλ޳ѵʥˣ˸૵
ԶİŮɫһ䣬̾޼֮ص棬˾ֽ֮ô򵥣
˺ϵļԷ豹棬Դ׷Ѱ𽥻عĸ֪ҲһҲΪʲô˲ҳƺʥ֮ԡλƣ˱ʾ𾴵ԵʣֻҪ˵εضᱻʥ˸֪
ûֱҲδԼĻҲ֪⻹⡣
˼ǣڲĻŮӽӿڵ
Ůûд𻰣Ƭ̣˵Сʵɶ񣬰ˣ㴫ҷּҡ
Ůͫ΢һ׼Լǣ
ȥɡŮӲδֻͣ
Ůŵŵ˳ȥ
ǻŮ뿪ŮóһӤȭͷʯͷü޲TˣĶȥˣĪ齣
ӹƶˣд㡣



294 
λϵʥ, Ȼδֳ, 㹻𶯡ʥһγϹ, н, Ī˵Ѱ, һԵü
˵˵ֳô󶯾͸ǰ̽Ȼλȫ뿪, Ҳû˸̽ԭ⼸ֻԪֳǰͽ˵صʱս, ˴ʱ⣬˭Ҳû֪ոշʲô
ǼλϢɢȥ󲻾ã߽ѾٵĿȫǵɽ֡ǰȻ, ɢһɵѹĻҷӳƬ̣նѹʵϣȻŮǷӣֺαٻۏˮ
û, سɴܿߵҡʧĵطǶŸ, ֪
һУϵ˲䵽Ǳȥ޳ѾȫɢͲι̵᧿Σ, ʱϨ
Ȼ
Ȫ, ֻصıؾ֮ӡǶǶɽ֮ϲѰ, , Ⱥפ
Ҫȥҷü, ЩΪȻ
ĵĿһۣƽŶ˵Ļã
ɫĮƲϲŭѹʹҲԷѹοԳơ𡱡
ңҷŵ
ûжͣܿȥ뿪󲻾ãӰ֡
ԭһȥֲĶҲǡֻһϮȴӲǵ
ۻܣƫͷΣк뷨
Ťͷ˵ķسһߵĺŮͯŮۣͯ۵񳹵С¶β飬࣬Σѵһξ͹ˡ
֮ѡȴûŮͯǰֹۣһԾԶһצ۵ɽʯӲɽֿزϢ·ո뿪ֻһ
ȡµצ۵ɽʯǲǰλצʥµģȻλѾ뿪צ͸ȴ񶼲ɶݡ
˵̫ǡıϵʥ˾ᴵܴ˴ɽ˲仯Ϊҷɣ˵һצ֮Ҳʥ֮춯أܼɽɢ˾ᣬǳ󼰡
һ߶֪ȫʥ֮ΰɲ⡣
λһֱ˵˳ƶΪҲ֪ʲôŮ̧ͯʯͷϵצۣצвдӲһӡӡ
Ů֣ͯ˼Ŀӣгһܽ׺ϵλ˭һЩ
̫λ飬ʥˣצ۱µģҲĺᡣ
Ӹֶ⻰ͷЦһ˶˵˲ǰˣ̫ѪǸ߹󣬱ȴţһĹȲ̫壡
бŷǿҵţŵЩ·ϵʥҲ޷۷;¡ͳӸǸ̳Զţƾĸ׷ߡ˵ⷬ˲ŷ
ŮͯδӰ죬һۣ¶һСŮеĽ̬ˣϽʰ޳ʧȥټλվסˡ
λʥµϢ˴˵ɽءǰǴ֣ҲΪɨβġ
Լ˭Ҳ벻ԶλУ˴˶ȥУһջ䵽Яսû취ǲ罫˵صʥ֮λʥ˵һ𱬷޶Ҫꡣ
˵λޣǷʰ̯ӵģǶ̺ǲסڳҲΪƽⰵеĸȻʵδָϾԶŴĺպν˵Ӱλľ׽ʥ֮µǿս
˸ʩֱͨӽƬɽһ˳һ롣ʥ֮Ҫһ£˵ɨβƾǵѵսɣο˵ذλʥµǿϣҲȺСӣʥ֮ɱһֵǮöࡣ
ƽһɽߣڿвͣīoŵһȥĸ׶㡣
oԥƬ̣ջΪССһţͣϡ
ڲǰֻȸͲӰ
޳ںϺҡʧȥټʥ˶޷ݳмΪڣ˭Ҳ̺ǧⷢ¡
Ψһ𲿷ȶȵģǷɽһҹ֮䲻ˣֻһԲ꣬ǧɵľ޿ӡ¾һҲƽշ£ض޴Ĳǰ̽ȻΪһ£ɽĹºܿǡ
Ǽ׽ը£ɽƻԼǡ޳ɱ
޳ƻͱ˽ܣô׾䣬޷š
ͬʱ弸šƶˣȥͬһط



295 
̺ǡ
Ȼ۵СԺ, Ůüڴǰ, ӱ޿˳
һ糤ľľϻ˸ƺ˼ʲô
ȵѣ
һźȻֵİŮӣ΢΢ף̬ȲϹ
·Ըû˵ϻżɽ˵
Ȼɫһ, ֹǫ, кηԸ
֮ǰ˵ûģ̿ľϻĹãҪһ¡
ĻǹȻǸ, Ҳһ˲ɫڣѵĿڣ˼ǣӴ˱ûйȻˣ
ʧ, 㱻￴, һֱںչ΢ЦĿ, ɫȻ
ȻĿ⿴ûһ, ͵ѹ, æ, ȻѴǡ
߰ɡĵͷ, ָһ㣬ʱгһɸߵŻ
ŻϢĴ򿪣ٲ̤˽ȥĹȻ̧ǰ󿪵Żиڸ˽ȥ
뿪Ȼרŵ˽ԺӡԺӣΪ̺ǲ뿪ֽ֮£ŵľơ
ڹڡ޳ĸǶǵϢУ֪ʮλе͵ȥ޵֪պȡ
ֲطһ޵ԪɽҲϼأһǲݵĝһط޵֪պȡ֪պǵʥ˴ĵط˵Ҳʥ֮أ˵ҲΪ
Ϊ֪պȵԣϹ֮ʱͱΪأ𶼲ʮλ㶯һñ𶯵ĴУıٽ򱯻ϲĻصš
ŵۡ
ѧڵĶڵж٣ŵ۹ͽѧƽ̴˵룬Ҳֱʵ
λƽ̶һۣѧеıĵ׽Ҫ׷Ϲڣ棬ڵĶڵҪࡣ
ѧĶڵӹʮˣо̤ڡ
ѧĶڵӹʮһˣ̤ڣһԪӤڡ
ӺѧĶڵӹʮˣʮ̤ڣһԲ

ѧѧʱȣﻰⶼںѧͷʲôѧĵڵӲѧࣿԪӤڵŵӣһʮ
ѧȻѧŵһԱٲˡϾĸѧӶ࣬ĸѧбԴ͸࣬Ƕʵʵ档ԾҲλϣģЩССֹһֻ۱һֻۡ
գĳƽʲôҷ£Ҫһ£ǻȥú׼
Ըƽ
ɨۼˣÿѧѡʮӣ͵סĶʮӣ
ƽ㿴ңҿ㣬ѧƽȷ֪˺£
궼ÿѧѧһʮӣλûգһѧҪʮ˴ֱʣǰյӵļơ
գҷȥһ֪պȡ΢΢һ̾˿͸ɫĪ
֪պȣλڳ֮˵һɫ졣
۲켸˵飬ڣλٵĺλ֪ɡ
ѵйأѧƽ۾һ˼˵ʥ˿ٵĿռ䣬ʹǰ֪ɽǻѾܡһܵʮãڳˣΪϳͬ
λŵۿһЩӽȥ˵ȻλȻѧֻиƽҲȨ֪һЩ¡
ƽܵѧƽ̣Ȼޱ֮ˡλʥˣǲʳ̻ƽ޹ʿȻ᲻ͼرϵշзĴţ￩һ£ɶմ֪պȻĹ
ѧƽ̲סʵλ˿ɻʲôԸ
УĿдżֱˡ
λкηԸɾѧƽü׷ʵ
ʱͬգԶźϹڣλ֮ĸǷĵ羰ĤݡԴλʧֻʣһ˵λ磬Ѿǰʥ˸һ㾴
ɨڳ֮ˣ̾˿ǻȥ׼콫׽糹ˣ
Щ׽ȻҲݣһĿƣŲöӵ׽硣ԿĦϣǻδ˽ǵĵز
ֻλңɲõ²ҡ
û˵λƽ̶Ǵˣһ⻰ʹŲµ˽׽߽ʿǸ˴Ų޵ķʸ
λʲôѧɫ䣬һ֣Ϳ̿׽һѣŵҲûô
ò״ټҵٹ飬ŵ۲һڵĵλ
֮ħûʥ˻ӣʮһʱ׽Ψһˡһλµջ͸¶
ΧһĬȻ׽Ψһˡջ̫ˡ׽ֵ壬Զ֮ʱ׷ϣµǻūΪξħУǿһ塣
֪ȥãһЩɳƵ𣺡ɣ̫ǳܲ𣡡
Ī˵޼֮һɿصأǵʱĳˣʲôô˵ŵڴжס˵Щˡ
ǾãλѡôҡҡͷЦ
ǲԸ⣬ȻԸ⣬ΪȻΥʥ˵ĳͷ񣬾ǵһƳȥڻҡԸϵģλҲ׳һЩΪ˽Ҳǰ̵Ϊλ
ڳԶλʥˣǸΥõ٣ŵۿ¶ٲά衣
Щӷںǻ֣Ҫǲĵ˵ʲôʱûˣҪ⣬Щ˾ϣ
ߴߴ磬λȻ֮
ͨˣǳ׵ڻˡһ̭ľЩˡΪƽ̣ƽʱں˵ˣٳ֣ȾǷˣ뵽ոһ˱˵
ӳôʱ䣬к뷨Ǹ˼ȻתͷһԵꡣ
һֱĬĬվԱߵӳȻڣӳ֪ѧ֮һĵǴӷ˳ѡģûǴѧǸԪӤʦܣӦñǷС
ȻҳиʳʣûнӴеͨҲʱ֣˽ֵҪҵߵøԶ
ӳ˵ĲֵĺӲ٣һ𣬲ֹħʧأҲĲ𣬸֮ѣӺѧƽ̾ӳԱӺѧƽ̾ʦԱӺѧƽ̻Ϊ׽
ʵڳ֮кüǷ˳ǰ׽ˣȻʱŶԼĸ鵭ˣϾһС
ʥӦҪħҪߣ־ܹһβ׵ĺڰڣҲԸӵڲСħ淢׽٣ħض˵£弴ʹʱڣҲûгνϵΨһͳߣ仰˵˭ҲָӲ塣
ŵڲ۴ʱҲڰ飬׽ǧƣЩ̸ﶨ˻



296 
ȴ˵ԪɽصĶ, צĹϣǹһ·Ⱥɽ
̤ŻڲصĺģȺɱĹ, һ·ϻ׽ʧ顣¹񡢹Ƶ񡢫P硭Ϊ֮, С廹ûߵԶ֮սѾȫ, û뵽һ, ȻῴôʧԶ顣
ҵʲô
ǹһɽ, ˷¡ɽ滷ɽһѵСϪɽһΪԴͷһŲ
˴Ŀĵ, ֻɫ·ɰų, ɵǿϢһƵë, һðͫдˡ
ͷ/ҡϾ, ǵעȫɽסɽڲڣ, ЩڣһСֲλ, һ޴Ĺ
Ĺ״Щ죬ǹ⻬Բ, ɫʵ, ι״, һž޴Ķʯ
ǻҷꣿҡ⿴ǰڣЩӡϹǶ, 귱Ϣϵ֧м, ǰڣǧ, Ӧֻеϵеĵϵʸڴ˴
׷ʥǼΪУ˻Ĺʱڱ걸ʽʽ΢ϰȴŴ׽ƤҲЩڣ¹ڣûʲôر֮Ψһ˵ģ޴ġʯĹ
ȥ´ķֲɫ糣˵ȻлѪϾЩϡ϶Իûи飬Լôķ㣬Ҳ̫д
ҡͷƬ֮пֻĹҵЩʲô
ˣƲδǰһһֱûϫĲлꡣ
дɽɽǰѹǹҲ֪ܵȥˡ
ǺܵƾΪ䵽Ƕ˵ĵĵزƬռֻôܻġ
ȻżҡȻٶԣ˾ٲĹȥ
Щ㰴ŹУȻԭ΢޸ģδסˣܿǱ㰲ȫݵĵĹǰ
ĹŹ⻬ĶʯҲ˵ûţ˵ûԵڡĹǰһǵ񲢷񣬶ɽȵֻڹ
Լһɣչḩ֮ˣɼˣӱ״ǹֻڹơ
ŵģҡͷź񣬲üܾⲻ֪ĹйϤ֮С
˭֪һ˵꣬ǵ۾Ȼ˶һ˻ơɤ𣬡ڣ˭
쳾ѶǧԺȻӿڵ
ǵתɫͫʷ·˼ϢǸ˻Ƶֳˣɡ
Ļ䣬ġʯĹȻԶһţڼڣȫʲôΡ
һԵҡסô׾ͿţҴ
´˵ۣ۵ӹ˼֮ɫ֮˾ֱſȥ߰ɡ
㵽ҡЩɻʡ
·֪룬ƫͷ˵ĸ䣬ֻ̽ˡ
ҡüһһԾԳˣû´ӦǿƬĿ࣬ҪǴˡ
нǧڣȻ¹ڣҲвٴʿڴ˴˵ȫֻҪͬʱʮλڶ֣ǶҲмܡ
Ķֲָȥô꣬ڴ˴͸Ͷ̥Ͷ̥𣬲ӻĹµеΪڴڵǱһ״̬ܼȫӱǿһ
Ȼеһեɺȫ⣬Ϊ
ѧϰһ壬ɺ͸֮Ҳǰ㣬󣬾ʹǵһ
ҺôϹ޵Ķ壬޷겻᲻ǵ㡣
˼Ѿ߽ĹڣһġŶ߽ҡ⻽˳ǵ߿ȥqqĿռʲôҲ
ôߵĶͣ½ŲĹǴĺڰֵ޷ʹȡҹҲֻΧɵķΧ
жҡҲͣ
˵ţһɷźӰХϮĸӤȭͷķСҲһâҹ黹Ҫ֡
δһƽâлƯĻȣֻһ𣬽ֻ˲ʧӰҲټ
ţ֪˺£ڰε𣬽ڰɢ¶ĹڵĿ
һʹǰʯ֮ϣһĹڵĵҪĺΰöֻ࣬һɸߣǰмʮɸߡ
ǡѣ



297 
ѵ׽һ, ӡ̵Ĳͣǵ츳ͨɡ𾳵һ̺ǣ񾳰޶ܱɸɾ
ǰѵ, ·ʱܻһ㡣Ϊë׵ĳë, ѿ, Ϊһ, Ǿʹش, ΪĹ֮һǽϴĻĹޡ
ģҡʱһ½ԭ, ֻһħڶ˷ͣĵط, ŨħѾҪΪҺ̬
ͬʱ, һӰϮǺӰֻ, ӦþǸո͵ϮҡĺӰ, ҲǲǰȾħ
ֻĹڵϵϢԶͨҪǿ󣬳ëѾȫħû, ֻʣ۾Į, ȫ֪ʲôǺº
ĸһСط˼, ˵, Ҳ˵ոһδ˺
齣Ʒ֮ϣȻһǲִΪ֮, ǿ, ô˵ܶһв, ȻǰֻȴȻ
ʶ΢ݣҡǰֻ֣κȻʧһس
๼Ѿҡⱳϣһ֮£ӶҪ˺顣
ʱһֻѪ«Ȼֻ֣ˣ˲䱻һɾ޴«
һʿգڳȴδ¶ɫʱҲŹȥϢ׺ݵ㱻׾շˡ
ѽ«ҡ⿴ú«ЩʡȻȻлķƺֲ֡
Ǽҵ׺ĺôֻҪǲĻᶼûУֶαؽж޻ء
ֻȷʵװ«󣬺«ڲʱ͹ۼƺʱƺ
ü΢šָ㣬һƮ«Ҳĺ«ƽ
йŹ֣պץһֻơ˻κ«˻ȥĿܲ鿴
Ĺ쳣㣬Զȴ濴Ҫö࣬Ӧ˿ռ󷨽Ĺչ˵⣬ĹھȻʲôûУտžЩֵĻǵϻ̵ľ޻ˡ
ɫĵذϣɫһһɽɽпȫòϡɼɽϹܽӳı֡
͵һϵĻһּΪʵĸо·ɽʱ׼ƻ
ɽҡ΢ŵϵĻ׽ɽ֪ҲϲеɽȻɽһ㲻ͬ죬Īһ֮С
ɫһƺ뵽ЩʲôƺƵɽ
ҡһϾ׽ɽ̫ˣԭϣû뵽꾹Ȼ֪
˭֪ҡҡͷīüšҲǣֺ¥˵ָǧǰֹĺ¥
˵Ҳɣڿ˼죬һں¥Ĵţڶ麣ľ˼֣û뵽ڴ˵ؼǧǰֺ¥еĻ档
˹СײԵ˵¥ǧǰҲֹʱײһģһɽ˵һӴԪԾΪ
ԴԺ󣬱вҪɽײԵϧʹǧǰֳһͬĺ¥ȴû˶ȥɽˡ
Ľܣҡ˼˵Һп˽ȥĺ¥λǻ档
ɽܼķɽȻҲڻҪĹп⻭ɽǻı˵㣬Ҳ޻ҵ㡣
޿ܡͷ˼лѪҲʮҵʷ˵֪¡
ϵĻɽдȶȥڲ̽һ
ŴתһȦδ֣ƺĹһֱ˿տªĹΨһĶѵֻͣѵǰ
ʮɸߵĵ֪ɺβֲɰУ׽糣Ŀʯ˼ʶҲδϳ
ĲǴҪ˲δϣܿԺֻרѰҵϿ֮Ϊ޷ĹڶֻķѰǵĿҲǳ˿ɼܿ㷢

۾
ҡ֮˶һۣԼͬĿڡ
ѵ۾ž޴ļƷʯǶʯоȻлƶС΢󷨡
֪ʯһֺĿʯڲƻ̲صšҪʯ¶Ѳƻڲṹʯڵ
ҪʦϵĴܣڼƷʯ΢󷨣˿
˿ԡѵġֻ۾תͷҡ˵
ƷʯԿ̵΢󷨣ı˲סǰ΢Ǽʦ̣в¾ͻ
ҡüаգ󷨻̵ģԶ⻰δǿͷ
ġ̩ȻЦٳ/һĶÿʼ󡣴Լȥһ㣬/ͬʱָ֣ʯעԪ
ʯڵ΢󷨲ʱâϢ󷨺ĻšҡӾȥֻѵ۾ﶸȻ⡣
⽻һŻѵѪڡ
ˡǺǰѾһԣʱȺȻֵŻЦ
ҡȻƿ󷨣ɰһȻԺģ޷ġ
˲Ż˽ȥͬʱѵǰͻȻֵŻСֱʧ



298 
̤ͻȻֵŻĿߵıֱ, Լɺʾʮ, ʮ, Ȼֳʾʮת
ȥͷȻԹ
Թҡƫͷ̾˾䡣̾ﾹȻԶԶ, ֪Թжΰ
ڷɽʥ, ͨݺһƵԹڴ֮һ׻ꡣ
Թ, ЩѰͣ½Ų, ̧ۿխԹߵ, ɫЩء
ҡ⻰ĿһҲϸ۲졣ԹǽڳʻҰɫ, Ѫܰϸܰɫ״Щ졣ԹԼ, 񷶥ʹ, ǽм֮ࡣ񷶥ǳİɫԹްѹ, һּĸо
֮, ͵ߵռƺЩʲô
ȱ˶ĸоЩϤ, ҡⲻü˼΢, ѰǹϤ, ա
ʱ䡭ͫһ, ɫ΢㵡Ǳͽ̫, ̫Ϊȱʱ䷨ʱ䲻
û뵽Թ
ֹԹпܵ󷨵ĺۼĺӹɫͫ䲻ףı΢΢
ҡɫ΢ݣϸϸԹڵΣΧ󷨺ۼƺǰ޴ԹֻӴѡ
ǣǷ˼ŽĵطĻ˼򵥣
ˣʱ裬Թ޶вɱʱ﷭
̧Ұ׵ʯڣʯһָӡſ󣬰ݵָӡƤӵۿɼٶȻָ
̶̰Ϣǰݵָӡʧˡ
ҡһۣԿԷеɫν󣬾ӲļƷһָ֮¶ܱѣԹʯڲ׾ٳסѹת˲ָ
ֿ֪ʯҡ΢򴽿
īü΢ָüģĻָ
Һ̬̬̬׽ȽļƷչָǴʦӭķԶԶδӵķ
ҡȡһѾɵĶذ̽ʯһ壬ȥһȻӡʹּ˼ذ˿δ
ذۣȴǰʵʵ׼ƷҲ࣬뾹ذһ붼岻ȥ
ӹĶذ̧һذʯǰ˴ʱʯȻһذ뽫ɡ
Ӧ죬ڶذδǰ˲ֻγĶذмֳһĨĨʴذ̼ذУм䡣
һ׼ӽ١
ͬʱʯǵ˺ۡɿ䶯һϢ
ǣ
ŶذϵҺ壬нԸֳ־ȻͲ󣬵˵ļʶ׽綼ϺţΣ
ܸʴ׼Һ壬һв
мȰ˼ȡЩذϵҺ壬ϸϸ֪
ĶͻȻҡֹͼֱִذϵҺ塣ĴоЩüڣ⻰ԺСһ£ƺЩʲô
ʯޣƬ̺ͺһ
ָҺȥԲüţ
ҡʯڣĿЩӣû´Թɾʯ޵ʬ塣
ʯޣעȻȫʯδ׽ֹϡ
ʯǧ飬Ǵʯеˣǻʯʯ֮䡭ҡ⽫ӵەDпʯ޵ݸһ顣
ەDҪǧòλǰȥ⣬мǧĻ飬ǡɵоᵽʯһ塣
ոǾļ䣬ʯ󻹺ǰǿѪЩѪʯУ겻ΪϽڣ߻ǿĸʴ֮
˵Թʯ޵ĻüʯڵĿЩ졣
ҡḧұڣЩΣʯ޿ԽԽ󡣡
λەDǰһֻʯ޵ʬף㹻ռݰǧ硣ӴһʯǣƯǺ˭𾪺;̾Ķ֣Ӵǿʯ
ԴӺ峤̸ҡЩģ뷨λǰʯǣпħ֮йء
Ҹǣ˭Թ
ҡԻعüͬʣһԹǾʯ޸жԹ˻ǻ
ʵЩŵܶԸôһͷʯޣʬǼģ飬Ǹɽйء
ŪԹʯڵܣ˿ʼ޴ԹתơԹú޹ɣʱк׻ʧ޾ߵ޵ʱ
ѾȥգԼ߱˰޷Χ治ɫ˵̫һΪý飬ŵʱ䡣
Թһ߶δˡҡ˵һһ٣Щ仯
쳣Ŀɨô
¡۾΢ǣһĨ޵ЦŮ͵ж˹ȻַϢ
ת˲ŵϢȴ֮ɫ΢䣬лһɫ



299 
ӿһĪ, Щ, ˿ܿͱơ
㷢ô, ҡ쳣δ, 治ɫʯ˵, ˵𴦲һ
ָĳϸɰ׵ָڻްߵ·ڷ⣬ջ˲򡡣һ, ƫ˳ָķȥֻҰ׵ʯǽϣЩ״Ⱦ糺졣
ϸɫǳ, ˻谵Ļ, ǲϸ⼫ѲЩɫԶӣûڻҹɫС
ܿҵ·ˡ΢, ״ĴʯϵġѪܡĺۻһ˿âת˺üҲһ, 뼸һԹ̤˸, ֮Ҳ
˭
һӰڲԶĹ䴦ι, ٶȿ쵽ֻһĨģӰ
׷˹ȥ, ϧ˲Ƶս, ǺӰʧӰ١Уǲʲôɿ۷ԭء
Ȼ߳ߵ, վԭصȺ˲֪ʱʧȥټ
Թ, ȻҲε˺üջδ̽ꡣδ˷ѿʧȥӰҡ, üһֱߣΪԲ졣
Թĳ֮ཬչ֮ҲΧԲķΧסڲδϢ
̶̼Ϣʱ䣬˾ͲˣϢδ¡
֪ΪΣ/ҡͻȻʧٲδɫ䣬һƽҲһ˿ŵǵ
ʵķڿտԹϿ·Ů˶˽Ż룬һ㽫Թס
ûȥҷ֣ҡ⣬פԭؿųֵĴɫ֪ʲô˲ãȻͳһֻƾɵĹǵѣޱ̤ѾûԹߵС
ӰûͬʱͬԹھĵطʧķ֣ҡɫĮץһź֮Уһ⡣
ⱻץĵĺȻǷһŵĺӰ
ֻ/ҡĵź¶ƽǰδչֹɫϵѹǹȻֵϢˡ
ǴӺзּǵ̶Сĺ⣬УһĨǳЦˣ͵һˡ
/ЦЩ֣ĻȻϸ΢鶼ǰһ·˸˰㡣
ǵ£/Ȼ̧żָ߸ϵζ
谵ԹߵϣһӰӲϿ
һɫӰһӰ߳ƫխһ֮Уͫ·һĶ߶ϡ
˭עŷ/ҡ⣬żء
/ųˣǹζЦף㲻ʶң
˵ʮ⣬ʵԶħʾǿɴЩ߸ϵζôЩ졣
ֵĻħʳȴ˿ûбðŭ
/ȴĬĻᣬ˵˵㻹õŭͼһ𽻳ա
঺ôǻħϵĴڣʮ꼸˸˼⻰й˼ҲȻŭ
ôĿŭЦ׵ΪӿѪɫ޼֮Ҳû˸뱾˵
ħһŭΧ˲һɿɲѹͨҪΪޣԹʯ񷶥΢΢⣬Ȼ˿
ֱѹķ/һΧĮĿǰŭڵˣ˵˶ħ˾磬ͷһе㱾¡
ڱǰװŪЦһ׼̧ܲ־Ҫ
ֻϮ/üĺȻƮһӰ
󵨣
ȴ·Ю֮ó঵Ĺٳ޷¡
Ԫɽ˿ֵ֪÷зͷȴ¾켫̫ϳϮò׵õĲȪߡ
̺Ѿ²ǰ㣬̺ȷʵһֵ̫ġֻ޶ŵᣬҵɱǲȪ
ħ嶼ҪȪȥԼҵıڵʧܣؽ費Ȫ᲻Ȫǡ÷ˡħ壬ⳡᾹݱΪ֮
켫ʵģ켫ŵ۽ãּΪţ켫ڷħĹ»ڶʳõ˰ƿȪ
ϧǣ켫ڵõƿȪδȾͱغλͲȪɽŵ̫ϳϼµȫ᲻Ȫ˭
̺켫Ȼû٣һλԲ̫ϳϺʮǰпܼ֮λҲˡ
Ȫ켫Ψ˵ѣǱδ뿪̺ǵĵϵ󱲣˸̫ϳȻͲȪɽţ뱻ɱʬ޴档
漰ŵװһȻ󲨣ΪѾ켫̫ϳһȺǺ鶼Ѱ޷Դ׷飬¾һʱͷ
Ȼûֱ֤ݣ˽Ŀ˷ħϣ޼ɵħ塣
ϢȻ˽֪и֪Ѿ֪ˡܴĸ濴ħ嶯ֵɶȷҪ
켫ڵŭħԨħҪһǣΪõŵۡšڵ޼󶥼֧֣һ켫ڲԸ黨˴ξȻҲĵվ켫ߡ
ħλħѣЩʵǣʹԣҲסˡ



300 
ⳡֿʼú, ˶ſϷ, Ȼʱ벻ǣԶߡǺɵɺξ, Լû
ʷ, йⳡʱصĴұǴ켫ʽʼġ켫ЯŭħԨ, ۶ħ, ħΧ, ӻź󲻾ñɡ
켫ڵһλ𱾾˥Σ, ˴, ܿͲĺ󳾡
һϦ֮, 켫Ȼˡ
ʧȥ澳ǿ߱ӵ켫Ⱥĸ򣬲ϢͱȺ˺顣Ԯļ󶥼ǰ, ˺ȥƵ, ʧȥצ켫Ѹٲʳ
޵Ķ֮һ, ȻΪ켫ڵĵ̨ʼϴƣޱ, , ŵۡšŮԽԽ, ޺ȻʱܱըĻ.ҩͰ
޳ħ壬켫ڵ̨º, ħħ֮һɲ¥ƳǡƳ޵Ķǳ, ޽Ǣ, ǰ켫Ͻ, 켫ʧƺ󱻸ĳһŽ֣ɲ¥޴ħȻǣƳϰ˿һҹȫλ߶ûѡ
һ޳𶯣˶벻ͨħƳкĿġԶս׽δй˴ο˴ģɱ
ħоǵ޼Ȼŭ黨ȶַܿħΪ޼֮صλȻ̫Ҳԣħдҡ
ԭǼ֣˺ŵۡħš塢볡鳯Ųɿصķȥ
սӣеЯҳ̶ȿԶ֮ս
Ȼ˺󻰣Ҳᡣ
ȴ˵̺кü£̺Ȳʢ֮ʣԶȴǰҪࡣΪ̫ҵޣ̺ȴѵö˼ֳ밲ȵϢ
̺ǧһ޿ǰʱڶš
ʩ뽻ҷܾԴĺ˫ֺʮɫɮ۸ɾűŮӻҪ㼸ֵһࡣ
վǰĺЦһбУһ·ޣѱҷ飬ֺα׷
ԭĺ޷ŵķӣʮȥ쾳СٲȻ֥Ŀ꣬ϰķ⣬Ϸ·˲ķ⣬ׯأ
ٷʩţ͵ʩ治ɫĴ˼ǲű㲻ϰ䡣
ЦζĿ׷һ·ȴ˵Ƴ֮¡
ɫ΢䣬¶ֱ֮ɫƵٷħɱԣ׽Ǵ֡
ǰħ޹ŵϽµĹҶ۶֣Ӻѧǰƽ̶ˡŹȥ꣬ħֺȻ֡
̾䣬һתʩǲԸ黹𾭣Сɮһ徻¡
徻ɷһִϹʢ֮ʱ̫֮ŻҪ֡ϧ󣬷ŷΪڣʵ˥ˣ徻Ҳֳ˶Ͼ¡ʮǰַţ徻ȻҲ³ǰ
ŵιƳǷģӡĻδţ˵˵ħ᲻Ϊ㣬ŶƳֵġ
Ƴǿޣֵĳι۱ƳǷ֮еûþͱǳι۲߷ԣ˵زˡ
䲻˽ֻ֪ҪЩ˼֪ܿ
ʹƳЩϵ׽˭Ҳδϵһ𡣴ʱ˵ƽ޲۾Ȼһ˿Ȼ˿ת˲ţǱĲץˡ
֪ǵĴ㣿۾Уһ˫۾絶̵˱
عɫ糣˵ʩγԣ
Ӧ˽ħһȺˣλӣ˵ûգ޵Ŀһ£٤޳ǣ
Ƿų徻Ҫһ£󲿷ʱ䶼ڡ٤޳ǷϽµĵһǣаٷ֮ʮ϶Ƿͽ⼸ʮʱʱ٤޳ǡ
Ƿصأ˻ʵЩţȴ·û֮⣬ȡһ飬ʩһȥɡ
˵׳⴮ϺõķľƣſŷںڷΪ
ڰգķâһص֮ʱսסճķ⽫֣գҪ鸿ס
ſƣһ״سģɫ͸⣬֮һ
ײɫϵĽȴɢһЩûʮ⡣
̶̼Ϣڣ˱ʮСʱͱڵôݲӺķ¡죬ƺʲôҪ
ԭǲǰλʥ˹к󣬱ʺͷֱӰƬɽµģʱ춯
ֻ׵Ŀӵ׺ȻӿһǿҵѪɷ֮Ũ̶ոձǵƳǶв
ɿ쿴۾޿ӣȻɫһ䣬Ծڡü΢ЩŨѪɷ֮ԥĽ󣬸޿ڡ



301 
̺ǡ
̫شնٵӣôˡ
˵˷, ŵʮ, š
óҲֻдŵӺùһЩЩɵɢޣ̺Ǳӻã޵ǼǺôǳأǰħϮ, ˵ʿӳĲʮָ֮
ɻǹһ, û취ħЩ̫ˣɺЩ߸ϵĶȻһ, ħң
, ˭ҺλķӲƴݽӳĴ͸¶, ɱ֮Ũ, ¹˶þҪָС
, ׽紦̫ƽ˵ǰڱһҲûѣҲ֪ǵλ, ôǶ, Ϣûˡ
ֿ, ǰ켫, 켫ڵ˻˵ǵǲĴܡ
ƹȵĵ˵, ǵǸط񡣡
˻, ŻǼλ
ƹ̫׽, ƹȵԣʮ**ģֻҲ֪λ𡣡
Դ񾳴׽磬ޱˣҿǰǸģȥ
꣬㲻ҪˣЩڶڮ٣

ӵĴϣӰӳſߡһЩ֣ĽǣŸĺŮͯȲŮֲʦͽڴϡ
̫µӵʱ򣬴ͷܶʮ֡Χƺв绤ţ߽벽⸱ֳû˲һܸ֪˵мʹ۷ɨһ˲ȴ˸ոյĻ档
ȴ˵˶̺ͥǵϣѰЩʲôеĽ˫ɫ۾㣬ǣŵŮͯѩɰ۵ڿж
ɸ֪ϢŮͯĶĿڡ
ҡͷɫӹǣϢ̺Ǹʧˡ
˵ڴ̺ǵ⣿Ůͯ˿죬һ˫Ĵ۾ܴΪ˵
ˣòһˣȥ̫ţ֪ƬѼΡҰҰ죬С΢΢
΢㶣漴˵ͷҲɣ̫ЭܸҵǱڳڣ㡣
Ҳ֪ҡûСĵǲÿɷ۵צӣһֻȭͷӰС¯̯ϷӰС¯ͨʺɫʮʵƬɢֲϣһۿȥ·¯Ӱᣬ߲ϣΪ졣
һۣȥˡ·ü¶ЩȻ֮ɫؾޱѾȥ꣬Щ׽ҲֹɻǹĳһӰħΪ޸ɻǹĴ⼸Ѿʮ̸֮ɫɱ¾¼
ɻǹħ޲T֤Ϊɱǿǿϣ֮ĸضҪâԶ֮ս޲Tɻǹ֪٣ǰȻ̺ǧӵס
ΪأɻǹƷҪָУؼıҪѳ˯顣
Ҫɻǹ飬Ҫ㹻Ѫ֮νѪ֮ѪǰǻǸ߶ȡ顣
ŵʱŷǡóڸ㱻ɻǹɣǷӵĴӰ޺һȻ˷ӡɻǹħԨʼ˳Ļָڣֱδ
ΪӶ㹻Ѫ֮ħеĳǳأɳ߽ħѹʿ͵ɻǹɳѪ֮
شħԨ쳣ħԨгħǻ磬ʵħʵ˼ɻǹħĳɵΪ˻ָٹ⣬ķѵħѵɻǹָǰħ弸Яֹˡ
Ǳħڲѹ⼸˶ȻҲĦϣħ塣
ΪԪ˵Եʣħ㣬ʮɻǹ֮£濰Ƶ͵
Ȼɻǹ֮£̸֮ɫ䡣Ϊ˻飬ЩгΪǵĳʮǧ֮ڡĻ̻̣ա
ɻǹ˳ȡѪ֮ħΪˡ嶥ĳĬ¡ǿ߲ԸɻǹӲӲڲִҲϣָܻƷס
Ͼ֮󣬺οǺϵʥ˵ĳɵûĸǿܺľܾܵõЩϲʲô
ȻЩ񾳴ܵ˼Ϊ˵ڲĸ£ѹֵìƵһѰС±ʹһЩǰķ
ǽʱ䣬а֮࣬Ϲ黹Ҫࡣ
ˣء߰·Ǹпڵ˵շתµϹŶ˵꣬겻ָһӼ䡣
·ҡɽķӹһ˿֮ɫԣˡ̫ű仯ȴǼ󡣡
ʱ⣬̫ٲȻ黨֮µһŵļƣԭ켫׼ļ룬̫Щٶʢ



302 
̺Ǿ, ʮֹٲȻѾΪ޳ǡĵǳء
ǧ̺ķУɱ޿פһִ޿Уųơֻ벻û򲻵뽫޿д޵һС
׽粻, ϦͨʿΣʶǰ׳̺Ϊ̫ź޼֮򣬺ȻһȫбıѸأڶʿ
̶ʱ, ̺ԭ˿һӼǧ, ̶Ѿ޵ڶǡǡ
޿пҡɽ⼸̫µ, صѡڷڿĹ㳡ϡ
ʱ㳡Ѿ£һȺˣ̫յӡ
, ˡֱȥҡɽ·ǿֵķ, Ϻ¶һ˿졣
˳Ŀ⿴ȥ, ûϳָ˭, գգۣˣѵ㻹йڡ
⻰ȴҲû, Էӡѣʱײ׺ɣ, ·ǴǰĹ˴ѾΪ, ˵ϻĲʮָ֮
½ʶ, 浺λϵѡҡҡͷԶӹɻ
һתǸ浺
ǡ·΢΢ףѺԶ麣ڭǶõ޼֮صλã֪˼ʮǰǳʺҴ˵֮ϼҵԨԴȥ浺µġ
Ҳǵȥ˹浺Żϼһڣ˰ꡣϼҵһ顣
Ϊ콣壬ϼصһǰȻ̫ţΪ̫Ŷӡ
Ϊΰ̫·ǲδӹעֻԼ֪ϼҳЩʡ·˼Ȼպÿ޼һ棬Ϊҡɽ
ȻףȴǻϹ⼸ദ˽Ŀ⽻Է˼ŲԼͬĻ˸ĦȺȥ
һߣ޿һ۵СԺʱżŵա
壬ҵк£侢װŮޱĿǰӣƳĬ
ӹһ˿ãСߣ볤˵ģ
üͷɲ壬򴽵⼸µӣҷʦһ£иˡ
ҭҭĿ˸̾һɫ΢Сߣ֪ϼԹƽĶۣЩΡ
壬ʲôֱ˵ա޴Ļ
ϳüһüãȻˣֱ˵ˣ˵̫ҵ񾧣
񾧣Ʋʯ֮һҲļƷϣò顣
˵ģɫһݣĿ絶ֱʹϳΪʤһһ˲Ҳɱ塣
еǵϼݵ̫ʱһֲʹӣϼ̫ŰһŶӣżᴫЩϢع浺
ϳɻعЩ߳ŭĳСߣԼʲô
޼״ɲΪ壬˵£ΪͽԵ֮±ܣûµĻСˡ
ϱ鲻ԣѾ˴㡣̫⼸Ҫ֮һϼóȻ֣»ŷСǸýͻع浺ˡ
㣡ϳֱԲĻɫǺ죬ָ޻˵ʲôȻɫ΢䣬תͷſڷ
һŵǰԼ硰̫šɽϵѡ֮ۡ
ǰѰң壬ʧˡ޳ûǡ
ϳɺһ뿪ıӰӺ뿪
ЩªĺԺʱһ˶ûˣһԺϺ£ƺЩĸɡ
һƷɹԺǽ֣ڿŵһլͣ¡
ô˵λź̫ϳϲ̫ڲһźլԺˣеһζ
һ˵Щλٳٲ/ײȱ޼֮ҲˣҲ֪ʲô㡣
ϧѪ«ûõȻɻǹѻָһʼ˵һϧλѳħʳӹһ٣
˺Ȼǰһǰȣ϶һĨа⣬˫ͫΪѪɫ
׵ĳ෢лɫǹһ˿΢Ц⣬ȷħĳɵ񶼲Ķ֡
Ǻǣ̸˵Ĳ۳෢ӣһЦ̥
ϷƮǽƮɽƮСƺԶΪ·ķ羰ͣ
بŵķε⣬ֻʱĬĬעһС
ʱۣһת˲ֹȥ߰ꡣ



303 
, 
峺ĺһ޴ʯ, ż΢紵, , ·Բ⡣
ڽ׹, ԽĺˮϦȾɳ𡣾ʱױ, Сĺˮһ¼ɸߵˮ, ֻԼӺԾ, ԶεСϡ
ֻ֫һմر㻯Ϊ, һվ, е̼Ťͷͬ˵, ϶ԽԽ󣬿峤ǰʱ˵ġ
ΪĺŮ䣬ڲס˷ܣ׻ɽ춯, Ͻ峤㱨
šüͷ, 㡭Ϊϲ
ĺҹģӴ󣬼ʮѹûӡȻ⼸𲻶ϣ˲϶, Ŀɴǧɡӿ緢Ҫꡣ
ŮϲԽǰǱߴ, ⺣׻ɽ, ۾, ˫״, ǿߵĶ˵ǰ
Ůò毺ãɫغڣüӢҰ֮һ״ɷȮЩ
Ǻӳ˳ǣװû⸱״Ʋ㣬λʹˣҲһҲ
ŮֵֻҪ˿ˣ
˵˶٣ƺδ֮ԡȴûע⵽쳣ӿŲظϡ
һһ˵㣬ǧǰɵķѣһŰᵽµǿٳ⣬ʱ֮ûˣ㻹ԶҪΪá
ǺŮ޷޵ƲƲ죬׷ĽŲܿʧڵߣĴӪȥ
΢̵ĺ罫Ⱦɽĺ飬ˮ治֪ʱΧ󣬽ֻǷԲ
ֵͻأ߼˵ˡֻԼˮʱһӰ𽥱
ӳһӰʪڷ޳ĲƯĺһ·䵽ˮУˮеӵ
˿£ѩ֬ڻްɫз·ڷŹ⡣
ת¶һŽȴӡڷ촽һ£·컯㣬Ϊ֮Ȼʧɫ΢̧գգۣĳȶϸСˮ鲻ţӾŨܵ۽ϱ䡣
ͼڷһ֮䣬β˿ƫƫɾк˿̬͹ǵòΪìܶˡ
׽ˡħУòΪڣ欵Ů޾ò˥̸ʡǧҲֻϹŵʯòѹ壬ò޹ϵʵ
ͻȻֵŮӣŮɡ
ֻ۾һˮףѺЩƣǳò˵
һ˲ˮԾȥͬʱһذ׷˲ס.ʪĳҲɲǼ˳ˬ
ȻȥֻꡣںϷૣɫͫƽһ˿
ʱɢĺɫĺϣһ˿ȼ
Ůһ޼ʵĿѡ˷˲ʧԭء
ԭķɵڴ˴±ѹƺɵķѣסڵϵ岻ȫǨ㵽µ
µɵַԶǸڰֵŮܿ㵽Ŀĵءƽĺ棬ȡһĴָɫӣԥǱ
ˮǿӱ㱬һ°׹ס·㽫ˮ⣬Ůͬ½أͷ˿δմʪ
ԭǿƷˮ飬ˮкܸˮٳһС磬½ء
Ǳ˼ǧɺ˲С仯ĺˮ̣Ⱥ֪ʱʧȥټڵĺл˸
ĿȥĻɫ죬ࡱķˮֵ֡һߡй̵ҽ
ЩڵġϣƺһεĴסҽ޷ӿ档оһ޴ĺɫӰĬڡ
ŮעǸ޴ӰƺĺӰ
Ӱ㷴ӦʮϢʱ䣬̵תԴ˵ǡ̫ŵǸ
ףԡ
Ǹ̵ĴɤɻƶĶ׿ʼ𶯡ˮӵ̵ҽҪơӿȥ
ڿ˼ʮ꣬ˡŮӰ˼֮ڻԵмء
Ӱ˻ξ޴û˵
ŮΪ⣬Դڴ˴δһ᾵Եʰɡ
֮սгֵ᾵һΪշתǧ꣬һ뱻Ϲ̫ΪһֹֻһΡ
Ϲ̫ŴδѰһ᾵䣬һЩ߼أ޶Ҳǿ֪һ뾵ӵϢ
ϧ̫ŻûüѰһ᾵ͱΧڣ㸲
˵Ůȡһ澵ӡֻаƴ״򣬷·ȱ˲֡ӱз·½С֣
⾵ӺȻɰ᾵ƶɵó⾵ӵģȻѾʧǧҡ⡣



304 
ձȡ, һ׹, ͬʱ, ɫӰһ뾵ӡ
׷ӿİɲǼ䱻εڤڤ֮, ƺйƬȫƿ,׽֮⡣
, Ȼһ᾵, ҡ΢, һ, ޿𵱳Դⶫʶðա
ڳĺ, ֳһ΢׹, е巢ġ
ǺɫӰ, ۾һɣкιϵ
󣬵ΪӴ, ˵붯ˮ, Χĺ򲻶𵴡ѹĺٶӿɸߵҽƲɵĺ׷ӡ
Ӱζϵ, ɫԹ걳ɢ˷죬㽫һס
Щɫ߿, ȴĹɡҡⴹȥ, ɰԵͷ, 겻ѪĹ壬ǰͷ˷󣬼졣
ǴǰضЩ·һ֪⣬Щ츳ͨγɵֱ׵ͬС򻭣ðԼܻƳһƵġ
һǧ꣬Ի˵ָҡԣȴѾȹ¡ǿԼѹ»᳹׳޳УĴ
ûи飬ûעǨ
ںһΪ޳ʶ˾䡣׼ȷ˵ʶȻʧ˶Ϊޡ
޳ǱܹܻĴΪԪ޳޳׽ĴƮ
һƮǧʱ⡣
ǧα׽硣ҲһΪ޴Ժͼȴ˷츲صı仯
Ϊ۸ߵͣ;ͬ顪׷塣
ν֮ϵĴڣ࣬඼˵Ѿȫ͸ҡֱӼһǧ֮ãǧڿǶһݵĴ
ǧس֣ܻƣǧ綼ƿ䲻Ǵǧ硰ˡĳ̶ֳȴĪ⣬޳ΪĴ̽ؼκ˵ͬ̽ȡɡ
˵޳޴ΣܿԡҲҡ׽˽⼸˵֮µһˣºϵʥĳЩ涼ѷ
Ҳ޹ֺʿβѰƿصζ̫ʳ/ڣһ԰Ρ
ҡΪ޳ġ֪Уһ۱ǲ׺ǧ꣬ȴǰ¡
޳ı仯ʶڵǵᣬҲĸıһμ䡣һμ䣬Ǳ޿Ĳƽ
ҲΪʲôѺֱȥǰ꣬ʮǰ޿ѹڴ˵ĿģΪػں׻ɽڵԴ
̫źδʼԴ𣬺ԴΣ裬̫һλ̫ħ֮һ֮䣬һ뾫ѪħԨ׻Ϊɳһڼʥ
֪Դԭƣ˻εď裬һ̫΢СǶδҲ˶̫֮ս֮ļδս
ʮǰԴ𱻱޿ãΪ̫ڿףĺ׻ɽΪ̫ڸػ
ҡӱ޿е֪Դ䣬ϵ̫ߵļأܿƶϳһ᾵ǰڲԴϢ
뿪ȴȥȡԴ𡣡δش⣬˵
ͷ걻ħģԴֱȡΪֹȻˮԴ壬ҡҲȷЩǷѾģ˵⻰ʱġ
Щ⻰ֱΣ죬
ж䣬ϲŵ죬ں뷺Żĺӳ
ҡ΢׸ΡΪԾĺ׻ɽºˮ¶ߣݰŹںڰӿɢȥ
һһĳطϿҡз¼ֽ䱸ȥķ뵱޿Դĵطһ
Ŀĵأ͹ƽĺĿһƬɺԡЩɺڹҽϣ˿Ӱ죬Ϊ졣
ڴ˴ͣɺǰһѷ죬ʮɿ϶ڲҽӿ̵Χĺˮγһյش
ӹңǰ֫ɺһɨĳطһ̤׻ɽʼ𶯡Ǹʮɿѷ조ǡһ£ֱˡ
ҽȿֺӿӿҽһȵġɲϢĳ֡



305 
ɺԡ̵ҽ֮, ѿһ, ֿѪڡ׵ѿڣһ뾶ԼߵСԲ̨
Բ̨, Լͻɱͣˡɫ죬͸챦ʯпգӵε·϶УԼƯһĴָ͸Բ
͸ԲοԲ̨Ư, ڰһƵ, ĳɫ粻, ΢С·ᴵ𡣵Ʋ۵Ļ磬Ϣȴݡ
Բ̨ǿźϺµԲҡ΢δżԲȡŤͷ, üۣ
޿ʮꡰ䡱, ʹֻǸղּҲӴޱȣǼҲҡֻԼ֪ԴںδԱ޿ڿĲȴʮ˽⡣
ԴӪ, Ҫ֮Ƭ׻ɽ޿Դͨѹ, Ϊ˷ȡкĻ֮, Դпܷۡ
ĬĬ, 󡣡
һṹΪ븴࣬šȻǸϴ󣬼ѹϡ족֡Ǹ漰Ȼ󷨵Ĵ
ǰʱɵˣҡԲ̨ӳҽ棬ͫ
ľ޹أƣһ˿ǰͱȡꡣ
׻֮صļ֮Ļ鱻Ϊ桱֮⣬ǰԴȡˡ
ԡҡתͷ꣬ٵżζɫ
ڿѾʮꡣʹŲѵĹ壬ҲҪܲˣοǼʺĻ֮ء
ת飬̽ڵȱꡣ
ĿעҡĶ˵һ᾵
ҡһԺǧذתһ£޿Ҳĸǰóľʱ֮
Īǣ޿𡰿δ֪õһ᾵ʮ¶Ԥϵδ̫ˡ
Ǳ޿˼ҡü
᾵ǻĹʮ֮һ⡢ʱйأԶǺɱȡ츳һѹͷ͵סӡ
壬֪֮£Ŀ΢ɵ
ҡⲻÿɷתһʼĻ⣺ˣǰְɡ
һԲϵľʼζĻζ걳ϵĹƱ⣬ֱŸȥ
ʮϢ֮󣬺ҿʼ϶ӿҽͬʩ㣬šһɫ˷Բ̨ķ£
Բ̨Ѹһɡɡɡǧɸֹ߲ͣʱóΪԲ̨óԲǡ
ⳡʮ׳ۣҽһ㲻ʲϣԭ뾶ֻм߿Ϊҽ̾ᣬԭģ
ӱҽΧʱױѷڣǷֱĺ϶ŭĺ˷·һ١
̵ҽˮǴʱע⿊棬ֺᷢƽ澹ۿɼٶ½
۵ԽԽ׳ͣɻ֪֮˶ãԲ⿪ѣҫĿĺâ۴߽⣬ҽȫը׿ʼҡ𶯡
ӵĻ£ֲ˺á
һϵбʷʱҡɽгһ磬Լȫڵʼٸ򲻻Ųæ֫ͷβӲĹС
¶ȻݰҽӿϺ档黹δüӦ㱻Ȼµĺˮ
ѵԲڣǿҡڲ͸̵ҡȫ汬ҽˣ죬ҽɽҫҫ
ˮֻһ𣬵쿪ѣεںзҽһջǵ棬ͮͮƺż㡣
׳ˣԺʶ⡣
ĴС쿪ʼҺ壬ڼǧ֮µףûдѹŰ۴ĺѾҽ𺣣շеĺˮڣðݺͰ
겻֪ʱѽװԴסҡ⣬ĬΡ
ҡһֱעԴ𣬼״ȥ
ޣ˷塣
ӣǱϢһӿ첽߽ԺӣյĴѶ򽻸Ժӵˡ
ʯǰİӽӹɨϢ΢ɫ˵óȥ
üƺ꺬ѩĺ۶⣬ѻ೤ѩ½ϣԵð׵ԽףڵԽڡ
ɽƬѩ죬оǧȻ
ǴѶĺ𻰣ɫһ䣬ƺյʲôѶϢЩԥĿ۰ӣ˵˼仰
һ˵̧һĨлûһ档ǸŮӵĲաڷסݣֻܼķ֮һ¶ò㹻Ϣʧ
΢㶣һĿ䣬ʳָ鲻Խʯ
˵껰㹧վһԣ֨ʾ¡
աաաǽھͤ޳ʳָһһµ棬֪ȥãҲֻмϢʱ䣬Ҳüʱһֱûİڿˡ
δȥ߶Ȼ£ȥһ˰ա
۽ް봹ܵĳѴһȦӰ޵Ļȡ
ǡһϵɫЩӡ
ʱԱߴЩ΢
ָһһʮš໡ǽˤ䡣
СӣôڴˣһȵĿŵصꡣ
ΪСӵꡰޡһ³Ӳݣ̧ͷ¶һʯǰİмƵ



306 
ӵ۴У͵ϮҪȥúĿ𳤵ġ
ĸײޣ״ЩѰ졣Ŀ⵭һ۷
˰ȥϪ硣
ӵ𼱵СүմؾҪȥҴȥɣƺ˸ոջҪ״
˵ĳϪؾһƿصĳӶ˻͸¶ֻƬݵλͬһ㡣οֱԲѿԳԾӡ
ĿһתЩʲôüȥҲǲУֻҪܴӮɡ
Щչ֮˼Ȼ̬֮ηһЦǡƣԣΪ֮ʧɫ
һԵ΢ЩݣһӿӸ˸⡣λߵ·ӣҪضûס
ȴѹ忡Ӵеķş̌°͡˵ġ
ʮСɨһޱ
΢΢üɫż࣬ƲʮбʮУ˵תͷվһԵ˵Сڣɡ
ȫ̱ӵƺ˳ǣĿⲻɿԺһˡ
յ˼治ɫ֡
СڣֵĻɳŲʮСüЦÿ˵˰ھꪣǾߣС͵ôЩ
ĬȡԼϽǹȻǹȲľꪣôƷףǿܿס֮
ΪΪδ͸ǧ˽⣬ƾԼ۷Ϊ˵ʮʤٰڲܡ
һԣֻ½磬˹£ڽڣö˶ɢѹԺѹ塣
Ƚ粼ãΪ֮һ䣬âѸԷʮֻ輸Ϣ˶ûϾʱ˭©ⳡȶ
ǲͷˣȶֹͲͳ֮ǰ㽡˶˳οмֱ
һ˲ƣĹ޴˯ѣâڱѲ¶Ưļ̲Īơ׵ĸܵƣųǹԭƽɫȻЩԴζ
˵ʱʱ죬ৡһ£ڵ˲Ϣǰǹ޴ķ鲻ѡ
׿ɡͨһ
һϢ䣬ѹС
ޣ֪ʱȲɴ಻ƴõ£һֱ׼
תѹУлһĹ⣬κĳһ˲ô˻ᣬϽǹź
ǹͷҪʱھԲ˼ĽǶֹסǹͷৡһɾֱӽǹɡ
ǹľꪲδֹסͷ̴ֱʺȥڵľꪺȻڶԷϸһӣѪʱ¡
籣ǹƣ¶ɫ
ɲǾĬΨ紵Ҷ
ţǿͨһֱԱ߹ۿ˱ȶϸвأͨҪƾȻ겢δԻķδá
粻˲ϵƣϥ¸ӡ
ڻЩܲԼܵʵǧǰӴλʱλϲδΪʼѡȴ׽缸һ;Ҳ֪λ幦к֮ȫ͸Ϊ硣
ǰλȥؾȥ֮ǰֻ߰УŻãתȻʮڰܱ
ˣֱ
ܵϹĸ츳ȻȲͬǲҲվڽϷٮٮߡ˵Ĳ౻˴Щ
Ҳɫ̫ิӣֻ鲻ѵÿڰһ䣺Գճ㲻١
ԣƲߺߵԳ̬ȣүү
Է̧۵һֱۣڨڨץץԲ˵
̿λߵĻҾʵڲ֪ݣӡ̵ΣսӵƢ
λӴӻشصĻҶ˵Ҳ֣ǧû˿仯ʼն⸱ģͬޱ仯Ļǣǧһֱͣӵʱڡ
Ҳ֪֮ǰ굽׾ʲô
Ȼ棬ҲԴ̽λܣλıҪһ䡰˾ˡ
ӣȥҪ׼ʲôջҵ˼˵
أǹһĨЦȥץ˰ˡ
Ӳӵů£Ӱ֪Ϊƺȹ¼Ȼ



307 
޿
ˮ桰ࡱķˮԽԽ, һͷεӿȾףǧС쿪ʼζ
ô£
סڿ, ܲt
̵ֱҽ, Χĺˮһ, ˮŲòһϾʵ
ãǺ׻ɽ쳷룡
, ˮ忪ʼˡˮ·Ѿͨ, ããҲֻ뿪취⼸ￊС𲻶, ˮѾ׼, ڵȵʷʱĨڲ֪롣
ֻǵ˺׻ɽʱ, ٳ׼Ҳסֳҵľ档ϿյǳŷҴڵˮ壬ʱмеķɲסײ½Ӱ˴ŵ
ٷ, ٲ˻ˮ㣬ĴҺˮ塣ʱԳĺôˣꡢp򡢵ȼɵİ뿪֮, кüλ𾳴ѰǱ뺣ף̽Ρ
ٽļطҲ֪ߵĶٸ߽ʿ鿱붯ѾΪһˮĿ˷, ǰ
Ӻҽӿױ, ԼһʱҲһʱ, ô󲿷־ڴ˵ʱѾΪ𺣵ĺ
һʱ, ˮĵ쳷룬ء̽ȥˮããһСϣֻСһɪɪ
⼸ǿİΪ΢޷ɿûззòҵСӺ׷ӿϵҽܿ쿪ʼ졣
ء־塢ˮ֣ۿС𽥱ҽʳһƥৡһ£ǼֻɪɪĿߡ
ԭǼֻСĵŮڵˮһɴɴ֮һ޴Ӱƶ
źӰԽԽȻ￪ʼֳ
һֻ޹꣬걳վһŮӡ̱żӰȻǼֻűСİ
޴Ĺϣ⼸ֻ⣬вѱߵĵͽС
ֽ䵥µҡ⣬˳õԴͺ뿪ĺסҽױǰߣҲҪ
ϵѾãԴѵġ᾵ֻǽԴȴΪҪһ塣
˵׺͸÷ֵκο̯ǵԭûֲܡ
еһزעҵϣΪϢϢءҵԽ࣬ٵѶԽ
漰٣ˡ嶼ʮֽһħûʲôɵɽ٣仰˵ƿһǶȿҲħײ޼ɵԭ֮һ
бףħ岻ɽ٣Խϲͬձ򲻹塣ħ֮ħҪʡħ̥һرȶٻҪѣܽħ֮⡣
һһģ׽ʵЩ걣һ΢ƽϣЩڤڤеġɺϡ
Ȼ͸¶ĺ׻ɽڼʮ͸ñǱ޿ѹƣȡԴ𲻹ǡҷΪϾӰڿ飬˱Ųȵ˼˳־ڿĵͽС
һһںϲδмܿ뿊ǡΪլУĬǽ𷢻ӵ쾡£ҡװ£Ҳ뿊򽻵ĮĴ߳p
ʱţԽԽҽɺ뵺죬ѾкüȫС׵εˮڹҽʴ£ˮλۿɼٶ½
Žҽڵˮˮײ»һۡˮʼһ޴ˮһȫˮ۶ɵ
ԴԴϵˮˮɣҽˮٶȾȲˮյˮٶȣܿ캣ϵġ㱻ߡ
£̾ںϷľϽɫĿźպȻֵľפڿ޲զࡣ
飿Եѵ̧ͷˮɵľ¶ֳȡ
ҡ΢㶣е˼ĸǸʣ飬ʯܳɾĿȻҲоǵĿԡ
񿊺ΣڵϦǰ޴ˮǿ󻯵ġ顱 ȻΪο顱ĻЩ˼
ĳӿŰҽӺƺҪһû
ҽϵĹ£ݵ𽥲֧ʼСɢ
˴ʱڳ֮˲Լͬˡ
жȻ޵Ķ麣ôҲ׽ŵϺŵĺӴĺġ顱ֻҪɵ֪з
νΪΪʳʱ˹뿊ĹϵֻʣһͷǾǣ
ҡ⵭ĿųļΪɱСȡһ
ǼɱɱԼͬķҡߣҡĶɽעڷɹĶϡ
ȴ˵ҡ׳ԪСಡһ´ܵǰѸײڶ֮ƣ̡
Ŀ£һ߳ԪС˸ã׷βת鶯á
峤ǿʥƷԪһʱˣʣԪһƷԪɱΪԪΪ̣ԪСҪɱΪԪûаǲܡ
ԪС˿ġ顱ɱΪ
ƷԪΪ֮Ϊ꣬һ޶Ԫ
һϵбʲϢʱ䣬䣬һӰ
Ԫٵˡ
ڳ𼴱ٶ˼ʱҲò˺ñǣ
ԭһߵԪ˲Ǵɼʮɳľ˷ܵĳһ˿ĳơ
ҡ⿴ųƵԪлưâʱмϢ
תͷˣĿѲüɣ



308 
ƮƮڳնȻһ
ƫƫ˵֮ƺûвЦüĶȻѣɲǼڳ֮˲Լͬʧ
īüһѹ۽͸һɲõվعһתЦеվŰӵ˵˭
ϲһƳ˵û˵ҡȵ㲻ʶң
ҡ
ûստ䲻˽ƣ챻ԭأűһֻൽ档
ҡ̧ۿֵ˶˶û˵Ŀʱǧʣƺһμ򵥵Ŀ⽻㡣
ԷʱкüѶҡջĿתͷЩķмϤӰЩϤİüշɵգעתؽԪϡ
²ɵʱϵɫԪصĽΧһȺ걳ϻȺɸĵͽСΧۡ
Ԫδǰ˭Ҳ
ԪɱΪԪʼʵ𾳣ʱյĽ𾳵׽ЩһѹѹƲһ֣ڵƺ渡ֳһʻ⣬·Ƕɽٵƣ챦ơ
ϵ׹ڽߣйϢȷ׵ϢѾԪһ͸ֱޣʶеʿⶼԼ
֮ϼ̸Ƕ£ϷڱεĲϺҽϼӳ¸ޡ
鲻Խ̾ĿȽƣ˰²á
ʱһǿϢ˲Ϣￊڳ˶ܵ˵ǿƣ˲ս
ͣڿϿգֱˣĿתĶϵĽƣӶ
ˣڳ֮ȴⶼıӰԨsţηһֳѻȸ±ӰԶŵʣ
ǧǰ˵ѾɵͻȻ޾˷롣Щʼ¶棬ѰҲûмʸ񡣵һˣδ¶棬һ˶ḡһͷ
ǰ֮˱ʣҲֻ
ųԪҡⶼû뵽ʣü΢ıӰ˼
ҪʲôԱߵȻڣطһ˵ͻȣƺʵĳҲ޷
ҡûлػֻЦЦһۣջ߶ŽеԪгĵȻ
ʱӿĽưϼ⿪ʼڣѹѹûҫ۵ɫϼ⽫յȼ
һ׳״ɫʣɫƲʱʱ棬̺ż壬Īĸڳɴۣһ̲ԸĶơ
Ǽڹ걳ȺûʶСҲɵ֪ǳĴ컯
չʱ¶һ˶ס޻ƵڣͽӴƳˡץʱһȺŤˣֿĻѵãƻˡ
ʱǿɲ뵽ⳡ컯ΪԪŵõģ󲿷ԪǵĻԵȻڳ˲Ԫĵϸ֮顱ȴǲʵƶˣüľȵѾͷԷ裬ܲ˵ĳȥ
һϵб仯ʱʿȻĬŸֶֻĿԪɫǳԶҡڴԭأƺûȥļˡ
ȴ˵Ʊ̣һڣ̼䱻£ڿϷûǼ嵽Ԫǰ׹⣬ͷµ
ʱ׹ռݣǱŽҽǸʽ׹⣬ڿЩ˱׽׷ĴҴܣòǱ
ΨһطһΧ׽ٳ嵽ǰ˲Ӱ٣Щɵһҡ⸽Щ׽ٷ·ʶܿŴԵļҲһ
Щ׽ƺʶˣʲôΪʲôףʮˮͰֵ׷ܣҲ޹ֺ߽״ƣڱ
ʱȻҲпԪ鷳ֻǲ˼ݵĲȫʸǰգҡ߷
Щױ͸ЩԪˣҡлһ֣֮һվ
ɡ̬ĵǰ״⡣
ҡⰵԸ̣˿ҲЩ׷ܵһԱռ˱Ǹó
Ǳ𿴵ɫһ䣬ȻɲסԼͬĻ򼲷ɡ
ҡ״üĽЩӣ¶񣬾۸
ˣһǧ꣬ǰͬΪһˣڴҶֻǿ



309 
׹ͷٶơı׷׽ٸû, ո߸ϵʱǱıͷܡ
ڳĽ, ߰׽ٲ, һ׹⼸Ҫƽơһɫе, ۰䣬Ѫģ˿ϹɫѪ뺣, ·ɫ, е˲佽
Ԫ׹뺣ҽǱȾһƬɫпʼβҽˮˮ, ǿԷ㼯ġ
ˮ·, ȿֺԪԪ, Ƥ˿ھۿɼٶȬ
׽ڵϢٵԪܿ, ð׼ֵ˴ùġҲ⣬Ͼ׽ԵĲֹԪһ˵ĺö
ȴ˵ԪС¿ġ顱, 뿊һ˿Ĺ, ˵Ƭ֮ǰЩСС׽кԪĿӣٷΧѺЩƶ١
Ѻǧĺ̲֮Ԫֽһ, лʳһ, ˰ռ˱, Ǵˮ⣬βһڣצҪʰ⼸ʳġӡ
׽ٲδˮͰֵ׺ĴԪϣ˳ҲкΧǼ
ۿûռ׽ԣǼǱ㡣
˰ʱ֧֣ԪǧûͷƤƺָֻܿ
ڳ˾ͲˡˣʣµҲϹ˻
۳Ԫ٣ԭЩѡȻˣҲԸȻ뿪
˼ɵʴʼûѺ̲ס໥һۣŵӿնٵԪ
Ԫɺ֣ܳѺġ顱ˣЩѺˮӲܣ
ҡΪԪСˣ֮ǰһԵĿ˱׽׷˵ʾһաǼΧȥüһԪֻʸϲӬƵ÷һ˦ǼΧԪֱͦͦĵɶȥ
ƾĿ˵ӰӶ¶ôһ֣дˡĶʱ侲
ֻʲͿڣ浱ɢ
˫ŭʹ̬Ҳ㷣οĿ絶һɨڳ̩֮Ѿ˽ţҡµЩСֱιȥˡ
ԪһھֱӵԪһǰһԪζĹ⣬һڳ˾°̫ͣӡ
ҡͬס˺޳ܵĻҭð仰˵Ϊ˹Ԫλʲô˵ˣ
ǰ̫ðɡκعĿڵ
ԼоŸӣȻ˵ǰոյԪһʡ֪ǾŸΪ̫ӵλãû
ңһǻĹһһǱԪһƣԶ׶㲻ϡ
ô붼㡣
̾ڰյԪʻķĳӱȷɣƨƨߵҡķȥ
ǰԪӴԾСβδԼƳһȦԲ۾һĽҡת˿һԵʡ
ԼʳһαӣЩĬڳ֮һȾλĴһ̻߳ŭɱڡ
ҪȥȡʿڣȻƶбԪĿֿ
ʵϣ˵ʱΧʱһԼͬԪ
ȵʬǳ֮ءһأܵľѪ
˵أлͻ񡣸д˵ħľѪЩԭֻǴ˵˰ǰȵСӰȥһأɴͻƵڣĿǰڱչأ˵ͻƵ񾳡
ֻĹǺ;Ѫ˲Ŀս֮޵ĴսܡһأμսĴܵʬ뾫ѪЧơ
Զ֮ʾǿڳӣӲԿ塣ս漰ʥ֮¾Ͳܾ˵Ľˡ
ײʸȥʵĵ⣬ҪǰѹȺۣһ츳СʸռԪ˵ҪȣѾǵСôˡ
ǰ˼ǣҡ˼΢תתԪȻ֪صȷħľѪ
ѪԡȻеؿڣò˵ݾ
׽ΪƤֻ֮ƤѪϣö֮ϵѾʼѪ̲ŶԴҲΪθ߽ʿһѪѰ鵤ҩ
ʼԪעһֱҡϣü΢šأһŵ
ҡ¸ˣû뵽ΪԪʾȻô󷽣Ҳ˵ǵõĳŵһ㣬ͱȵӡõʥʥֻӺÿʵʻһŵ
ʶԴԪ̬ԼҪ
ŵɰǰ㣿߻ڰ˼⣬Ȼ廰
Ȼ΢㵣˼Ŀһۡ
ҡ˼תһȦ˴Ԫ۵ǣδȥлػݷãϣʱǰš
û˵ѡĸⱾͲѡ⣬ֻŵԶһȥء
ʵɨԪӰ˲ʧ
뿪ҡⰵ˿Ԫ߲δϡεԪóʱѾȫ׼ԪǣҲԼƿء
Ԫ뿪ĵҲû׶ֵԭ
ˣҲ˿ֱӸԼΪԪ쳣û
ʵ뿪ζŽ෴ʱĿƺˡ
ϢӿޣҡͬʱҲС˵Ĺע
ǧ̫ӣδ뿪ߡҲв֪̫ŵӲǱ
ǰҡ⿴˼ף̫ŵ⣬Ůŵ۵ӳ
֮ǰ˱׽׷ñͷܣҲֻλס
ûҲѾ˫˫ڡ
޶ҵͬʱҡһ֮ߣֻԵǷ׷̤˾Ҳʱӿ
໥һۣ˭Ҳûȿڡ
ҡĿӳͣ˼Ϣ¶ɻһԵɫĺ΢΢𣬱Ṵ߰ɡ
ţҡعתͷ
ѵ㻹ڴ˴ɣһĿ͸ż⡣



310 
ҡһûнĻת̫ĴϡǶųϣ
Ƕĳ߱ϹϾ״ȻûֱӱеҲ׷ùǺϵķ¶յú޴ߵǡ
Щ̫ŹòҡζĿһӹ˼⡣
æҪлӵЯ
ųǵҡȥҡɽɽʱǸ׷ٷʦͽʦ巢ǵټʦͽǽŷõ˼ӡӽ̫š
ʱ̫ŻǸ̨ӣ߽ʿòųϺôǶɽٵ̫ǿܳ档
û뵽ǧȥ˳״ˣһ߶֪ȫЩ̫ŷչò
̫ţ߰ˮѰҡҡ΢ת״˵
ˮ̺ǻδǰ޵ǳأޡ
ų㶲ŵǡԱϴ뿪
Ǹ׽һˣ겻֪ʱ⿪Ȳĳ嵽ҡǰ
ҡⱾӳһƹ򲻳ֵıɽѼ䱻˲üѵмٵģ
֪̫Ǹġ걧Ƴ˵
͵ޱɨˣ̬ݵת˲ʧԭءٶȼ죬ϢӰڰ֮⡣
GҡƬ̣Ȼ򴽸˹ȥ
ɴۿ뿪ˣһŹ֣૵ʲô
һ̵̣ҳ𣬱ŽҽаɸߡȷӦӳһ˲Ƶ⡣ڳ֮˴ˣӦƾǱ̵ҽǼ赹СΪĻֺ
ֻǻҵĶ֮㲻ҽϴһ飬˲ɺ̿
үүҪĿ𳤵Ļ쵰
䣡
ӦǴƬӿңϿ˲䱻û֮һֱӳɫ
ҡշʮϢѺ͵˱仯Ǿŭ̲סǣӿٶ׷ǰӰ
֪ƫƫ˵Ҳ˵뿴Ц
ʣ̫ŵĳ⣿ʾ䣬ƶƽʲô
أұʧȥ˸ӦֱڻδָҡԴͣѺҽϡ
ӽѺѾ׳Ϊʷ
Щпֱ˳סǰһﲻҽ
ûж֮˴ţˡŋɸڣԼ۰䣬ƽҡĪвΣյϢ
λ˼Ȼʧһʧǧ꣬¡ֱӵˡ
ԽԽֱҲ׳ҡ̧ͷСֻסʵŲ˲䣬ɤӽ˵ô㣿
˪Ϊס°ͣ³Ļжá
ҡҧ촽ﲨԹؿһۣǲ飬ռ˵Ҫʲôˣҡ
°ͱǯסǼ⼸Ҫһ𣬱˴˺ڣϢЩȡ
ֻĺ۰ͫаӿ˼ĵͷ˵ĶԣշҲһʱ
ҡ۵׵İӿļһֵؿ뽫ƿ˰벽
һס֫˺ݺѹ뻳ҡײţһᣬ˫
ʮ˼ңҶ̲סˡһ޹Ŀɵӣüһ̧ȥۿ顣
ҡӱײ÷ᣬ۰ס챻նϣ޵ģƫƫһǳЦĶϸ
ʧôҵĲǣ⣬֪ѹǧһ仰ܴţΪԾĸˣ˵껹̲סֱһ䣬Ҳ֪ȥôá
ַ̧µü΢ǧȫĴ
ĿţҡЩıۣţҲһɡ
һһӹһĹ⣬ż⡣
ҡ𴽣Ҳ˵ˣֻһ˫ˮĿתĶƴСϣմ۽ţ
㿴ңһ̲סһĳӲõŮǰҲƹο̬ס۾Σȴַᡣ
߱סҡգգۣգգۣ촽Ҫ㷽ſҵ۶ˡ
޹ɤӻżɳƣСӰĳˢģ·ëļӡ̲סգźŪȥҲš
Ūһ١桱һҲ£ֻһֻϸһֻƵԺһûһµĸ˿
ҡ˵ҲֻЩ㱡
ʱ侹ָȥǧ꣬ʶʱȣǧʱȻȫıһˡδǰЩӣ˶·һ㣬֮ǰӳˣѾ֪ʲô⺮ѡֵǣ겻һ仰ʱĸĤ·˻صǧ֮ǰֻ˴δֱ
Ҫ˵ǧı仯еġƩ˱Դ⣬ǰͰ˳ëˡ
һججεǧ꣬Ѳҡи̣ٽͼɻء
ţ㵽ȥĶĿ⣬Ӣīü£βϹĺەi顣ҡ۾ĿԼȫעĿ·ֻװ
ҡĿƵĿ죬ֹסĲе㳤ȷҪ֪
˵šĽһϡ
ڲ˵ҡһӵѹĴ
˵Сʤ»飬ⶼǧ꣬˲ǰһ˲˺⣬˴ͷβ侲òˡ
ѵűţͲˣ
뵽˫ֻסĲ˹ϣ촽ӿʼǳֹʼ롣
úһϣͷ·ˮ棬ַסĺԣΪ߬ĺ
ܿҡᵽոǵ뷨ж棬ǵ߻أһ̲ˮϣûһ͸оŵĳط˱仯
ˮɣҲ֪˭ǧĸɲڳɹճ˻ҡ
ҡ˯ǰֻһͷǧˣǲá



311 
ҡ, ټĶֻʣһڴ˸Ƿ, , ˳ȥ
ŋɸǧǰ޲𣬸ˮĻȥʵƵĿ¸«״ĺʯչ·â
׵ĺһϥ, ̬⣬ϥϸһ١ѹ, £ⲦŪ˼£ӵָ⻺к罦񣬲
ּƯǽھͤ, ·ϸƶûУҲһ˿覴
ҡ׽Ӳ࣬ǡ֪Ϊһס
ѩ˼ʥҲ׽ĵһӡ
ʥյ׽һϦͷ, ʱ, Ȼѩ, ȴú«Χ鳱鳱Զɺ¹ͳͳ˹ȥ
ҡ⴩ˮĻ̤Ȼߵ¡
Χ޼İƬ̾ţܿĿɵΧߣ֮Ѿʱա
˵ĿഥĬûп˵ҡѧϥ£֧βһƴ١
ߣѩ˵жิӵڣֻ׽һӣӺļʥ⻷ӳ׽вһ塣׿ЩҲѰġ
ֻţҡ⵹ǴֲͬζԭĻϼԼķľ˵ʥָѩȻ飬Ǵʱ˿̵ѩڿж˼˿Ȼŵķâ
ҡĿһ촽΢΢Ҫȴǰӳʵâӣ෴˼ɵ
ʢķâȻעĿȴԶȲϲطɡ
й¶ģڲķâ
ǿľȥ޼֮ˣһգҡڴƳĬĿϣ졣ľ޼֮еľ״֮֮дϣǾѵľ
֮⣬Ψһסࡱڼʥ𹬱շ࣬ǱڿľϻӲȥġ
ҲٲŪṴ޼֮ص鴫ûԣ֮ȴԶ
īͫ䲻ףĿŲ֪ͣǼϻδɢķɺ죬Ŀ˼֡
ҡִ˴ңɵǺ٣߲֮ұʵԯȥʲô
ĻҲ֪Щʲô¶Ź֮ɫõ˰벿
齣Ľҡһԯ齣ǧ˿ƵĹϵǽҲ齣йء
ӿɽ̵飬ץ֣̣һ˫֡
ˣȻһҡ˳ɰףʮָ񣬿ΪĿϧһ˫ҵһЩɬѹ˵̣֡
ҿ̣١ҡƲ죬ﲨЦЦһۡ
ʮĿľߣܹ׼ĸףָտɴ
Цһûд𻰣뻳ץֽȷָ˰βŵ̫֮£Σ
Ȼ̫ţҡȴе⡣
УָѹϲŪż֣أǰ/뱾ƿص¼
δţǵһ⡣üѹ³һ仰е֮һ䡣
/˱ƿأǴ»ᱻ˳Ц
ҡЦһЩ䣬/ȱΪߣͷƩȡ֮Ҳǲܡ̫һִ죬Ҫı˽غǳЦ
Ȼͣ£ٷһߣʣܸ֪/ʶô
ԼܲһЩҡüɫͫתˣ²ֻԪɽˣû뵽ҾȻкˡ
޳εǧ꣬¾֪ϸڣ׽巢ʲôȴġ
ᵽĸͬλЩεüģ̾Ҳ벻һôһ֡
ʮʳҫ۵㣬ȻûȻ䣬ȴԭ䲻䣬类˿ҶԤС
ط¸ԭ/ҡֿ󣬴Թһյأյһڳӣˮŵıǳ˯˼ʮĻʮġѡ
ûüʲôλĻʮıͻȻˮԹʼݡֻܴŻʮĴŻ뿪ء
Ҳ˵˴һˣԪɽ֮ʲôջûС
ǰأҵˣҡĻ΢˼
üһšЩӣȥ޼֮أûȥɡ
ҡȻȥ޼֮صħ⣬𵱳æǰҲ벻·ͨɡܽȥӦԯϵԵʡ
˵ô࣬ǲҲ˵˵ˡ˼ģ޹ǵ裬ĺһ˲˲Ŀ



312 
ҡĿ, üһ, аɫƶϰɡ
ߵЦһīڵͫ·, ֻǸ², ӡ֤
, ãҲ㡣ҡ˫ֳȽʵϣ˵ľ롣
ǵö麣𣿡һתüۺЦһ˫ӯӯĿ
⻰Ī, Լͷ, ȴǽüһ, ˼ûǴ, 㻹Ƿһ⡣
ԭ˵ȥ麣ڭ·, ڰ׹Ͻ໥ɵ¡
麣֮˹ϵͻͽʱ, Ȼ, ϵǺϵ
ʱҡ⻹ֻǸ̤׽缸Ĳ, ǰ·أǿƾš顱֪ݻһãΧΣķ뿪麣·, ṩһЩϢ, һ̶ȵĺ
˵, Ƕ麣֮, ֮Ĺϵᳯһչڶ˶ԣ麣ξģҲ޹ҡ˵麣˼
СıԷһҡҭҭֹ˾䡰ϳԡߵʰɡ
δ δʣһϢ
ҡü΢Х£ԣӦûλӰ
޳뿪Ѿǻ׹ǵĲȪҲѾȡȻѾΪ񣬵һ׽絥Ϊ½ͬʿȸ㣬ܡ
صӰӣʥ˳֣Ҳֻλˡ
ĻڻȪɣǱһʥˡҡҡͷҡĲ²⣬һ𰸡
ҡͫ΢Щȣʥˣֻ֪ƾӻȪɣû뵽ǾȻһλʥˡ
Ȫǧת֮׽ġɿڡЩ׽εֻȪɳһЩȤ£ԭлʥ˵ֱʡŻΪʵˮò뿪׽磬ʵȴڰʥ¡
޳ں֮ʣ⻹λʥ˵Ƴֹ屳ʥһλ
뵽ֵƣҡ΢΢Щʧ֪Ǳ治򵥣û뵽Ȼ׽˵ļλʥ֮һ
ûʱصƣ޼֮ʱҼһ档޼֮ǰĴУΪͻƺʲôֵ¡
͸޾տӰҡʶü֪ǺϵʥˣЩЩĪ˵ʲôȴ嵭˵֪ʥ˵ľϲ
ʥ£ܲ鵽ʥйصȡڲ𣬾͸Ҵ̽ʥ˵ϢӲһķʡ
Ϊһ磬һ仰ݣıԵ̽
ǵ޳׽εʱʥص¶ܱܡϾϵʥ˵ĸ֪Ⱥ޳΢ıʶײǹϡ
޳ں֮ȥ˺δ֮ǰ˵Լεǧ꣬ѲҲ޳йذɡɵʥ֮µ㵽Ϊֹûм˵ȥ̸ȥܸñԷˡ壬ΪĻ
ǧǰҡʧŽ޼֮ݷù壬ͼǱϢû뵽嶼ټǴ̫ŵķ/úõģΪѾ⡣
ҡû뵽ǰڱԹĻҲԭҲûţ콫ǧľ
Ϊ޼ľ޳Ͽʼʶ磬޳ӽǹ۲ǧ硣ʱţʶʼѣƴȫ޳½Կ֪֮ѣ˳֮״̬ع׽硣
ҡʶֻȥ˼죬һѾȥǧꡣָǧ꣬ǡ
ǧŲνḻǴʱξֶ˼
Ҫ˵һ·Ҳʲô춯صĴ£ܶЩ΢С£Щаؼϸڣ΢֪ľ
ν˼˵Ǽ򵥵ģɬ£ΪϸԴ򵥴ţС֮˵
˶֪򡱵ĵȴǼ򵥵£һ񶼲С
ҡ˿ԣȻмִζҪ֪״ֻ̬ʥϳֹǶȱܿ޳ֻ֮Ǵ׽һȦ޷Ĵ
˵˵ţѾɢ¾Χŋɸ鶼˹
ͬʱ˴黨ݷ賤ŭŵ黨ű⣬ҡȥ·ǣԶĺ«Ҳʾ๾ࡱðݣԾˮ棬ƯĻȡ
˴һԵ¶֮ɫ̧׿ܡΪԲģ̵ʵ黨ɿӣԭ˵ŋɸһϡ
ҡȻסɫ΢䣬ЩεҪѹƲסˣҵطɽ١
ȱչǧۻһͻƣû뵽ƻϲϱ仯ѾȲˡ



313 
ǧһɽϿգ֪ʱѹѹĽơԭסЩСȻΪµ֪ΣıȴһһڽƳʱһûӰ
ɽĿտ֮ɽϷĽƱһ˴ġԼٵ٣˿׼յ󷨵ĺۼҲ
дѹڶɽ֮ˮͰֵڽ󣬿òˣյİŮӾ̬վţڳԼ̾һҪ
⣬Ůӵ̧ͬ׿Ľϲδ¶ɫΪ˼Щʧ
ȻΪѹƲסŋɸ׼ɽٵҡΪ
¡һд׹ҡȥ
ǵյõףâδȫȥͨǿܶԸȴҡһ˦˲Ρ
赭дһƺ١һ̣âڵĳ嵽ǰ
ҫ۵âĴɽȣҡⱻû׹Ӱ֡
ԶޱĿ۰յĽƣ
ɫ໥һγһ޴׼룬ƺҪһٽɱסˡ
Ϣ׼ըһֻ˳ɰ׵·Ļ׼չţֻһգ
·һסߴ磬趯ɽȻ
©εɽȣɲǼֻʣһ롣
˫ֺ£ױһܿһױųһšȻ˫Ӳ׳Ӥȭͷ
ɫڣɢϢͨҪʮֹ
дǶͽ֮Ч֮ϲá״㷨塣Ȼҡ׶òɴ˸Ƹ򣬽
Ʒ·ΪĶŭˣɫ׹ȿֺ£·һ꣬ײʣµİɽûѾӵ˼ʮ⡣
ΧûüԶС׵仯ΪޡɽΪģԲʮڽǣݲ
׽ʱһԵ˲˵ǧ⣬ʱյǡô
һߣԭɽȵλãֻʣһˮƽľ޴ӡ
ӵҡⲻ֪ʱնͽֽ嵽ǰ׽סʮϢױһƶɫС
ɫСԲ·ɫ飬ɢҫ۵âҡš顱΢ֱӽǴ
һâĴܿ͡
Լ֪κβڳĽƲ½ף·Ϣĵļơ
û˶ҡԭɵɫһӱ֣ͷĽƣ촽΢΢
ˡˡˡѾõĽƷ·Ȼûзڤڤƺйûķĵѹ˼Ϣ
ʱףѲɽĻֶףҡⰵһü
濴ֻȶײһףʵ϶ߵǧ𡣾֮Ĳ࣬ԪĲһٵҲȲһ׵Ϊ˶Ըȼ棬һŶףֱӽըһ궼޷պϵĴ󶴡
ɶԸף϶влҷΣա
˼䣬һġɫڽƱ棬ɫǰһλõġ΢͸ŷɫǳϹâ
ҡԶ׵вд󣬴ɽȡһɫƬ
ƬԴɢһبԶϢ沼ǳǳѺۣƴĹͷȴǧͷǵϮ͸á
ԣ⿴۵ĹƬܵסζסƬ̶̳ʱһΣҲ˵ƬܵǶס
ҡⱻһգ֪֪׵ĴڣԷɽ֮⣬ôǧ类׵ȥ
ոովǳϵ׹ȻƻΣԶסСֵָ׹⣬ѹͷƤ顣
ҡƬƴĺɫƬɵ˲Ǵ󣬱һɫơ䵽ǶϣǶܲ𶯣ϲǳϵĹΡ
󲿷ֶ׵Ƭסನ䵽ϣҡֻһ飬мΪǿҵĴʹ֮С
ûȵڶ׳֣ڹǶơȡһǵ϶ѣ˲һΪ
ҡ⿴Ӱķڽ̸һһСǣȻѵĺڹǶϵǡ
߳Ķǣĳ߳塣
ٶնɱһͷ۷ڵ߳Ȼʵ
˵޼֮ԯأҿصӦλ



314 
ĶԻ˿֪, յҡѺĵһΣ
ƲδɢȥȻײֹһ
׵ĵж, ʱͨήһ, ҡף׽缸δ
, ûйĴҡ, ƺ
ҡ׼ãڶײڶ׿ǰǵҪ٣Ӵϸ׹Ưâɿĳ嵽ǰ
һ᲻𷴿˲ʧ, Ƿ·˿ס޷ԴհһƬ, ֱ׽ٿҪüġ
˼һ˲ҡ侲עŽߵĶףͨ޳һ̣˻Ϊޡ
伣, ˲ƣȫȫʧ, ·δա
һʧ, ûĿ꣬ͷӬ㵽תʮϢ, ת˰ûҵ˵׽ֻ顣
ѹѹĽɢȥ
Ƭ̺, һɫӰƾճ, ֻЩǱǷʧٵҡ⣬ո޳ףԪѹեһʶҲƣһԪʿܴӮ
ѩϼ˪ǣ׽һ١
ٳ׽⣬ж٣Ҳ֮ɫ־ѽ١ٵ֮ڻ֮˶˲ָ˷ʤĶѡҶٶ죬꣬ʱʿʵܷӳһʵǲ
Ҳ˵ڼ䣬ҪʵʵͬʱΪ˽ټʽǱΣա
ҡ˿̱ĸ֪ı仯һĪѹסԪʧѡڴʱ͵Ϯм֮
ǶٿʼͷʱһϸϢĳͷɫĹ⣬ȻͿĨ
ϸѸ磬㵽ҡ󾱵λãۿҪĲǧһ֮ʣҡ΢֮࣬յıܿϸ롣
Ĳͷηβ󱲣ܿ͵ϮҡУѲܡ
Ӧӭϸ룬ʡƷγȥ
ҡһ˦ߡϸٽ֮ʣȻһ£ΪϸţëС룬ǵϮȥ
ежྫԪʧһʵӲͻţëֲСմ˼㡰ţë룬վð֮˵˳ѡ
һմϸܵġţë룬ҡɫ΢䣬ϸĵطѾڣϢȫʼѣθɽϮҲ𽥱ģ
سһ㲨һӰͻأȫһȻòʹԼǸˡ
˿˵һ仰ǻŹ֣ϵ׽κһ֣Щ졣
׽ˣҡҧǿԼѣһǰˡ
ٶȺܿ죬˲Ϣ䵽ǰԼ֪ԲͨδٿڣֱЮߡ
ҡƳѪ߶ٵ𣬺Ȼ΢߶棬Աһ㡣
ͬʱһԶ
ƺӺգĽʹŰɾҲܸܵâ۹˲ҡ⣬һΣȥ
⽣⿴Ʋɵǰȴɢñҡ
շԲ϶Ľ⣬ֻר޽Ľ
ϤӰҡǿŵǿ⵽һ͵طԼ뿪Щ꣬Ľ費֪ɳ˵ز
뵽ȻЩȻʧ
û꣬˲Ƶǰֽסü͵գˡ
ҡ𷢺ڵ֣ŷ׵СͰͶ˵һ˵Ҿͱ°ˡ
ţ٣Լס̧֣Ŀ⵭Ŀ齣ķ/۲һ𣬡
۵ʵͣԼڣֳ齣ķ/ѹź۴û˹˼ɣںޱȫ͸ۡ
ڣ۱ѪƲһҪߡʵȲķ/ٶȴΪأգ۱ʧȥټ
˲׽֮ˡжСò׽ˣҡⲻ׷ŹҲ֪Ϊʲôץ
ҲѣĻ۾΢ͷ֪ˡ
ʱҡȡһƿһŵɫ鵤Ϣϵĺɫ䵭ѣθҲ˲١
н磬ǿζ޼֮صĲȪɽ򶾣õĵҩǼ˲ȪļƷⶾҲ˶˵ԭ
Լȥ㣬/źӻصߡ



315 
ǧ, ÿǧ鶼иӡǣǧᱻ֮ų, ֻͨϵĶʿǿ֮ܵ, ʵҲᱻѹһ
Ǻʵȴ׽, мʵڿɡ
û˴ȥ, ҡҵһġʼʺ۵һ֮¾Բ½硣
½磿˶һۣԼͬ뵽ͬԲ½ʥˡ
˵˵½Ķļҡ, ܵ١
Ǻ۹ڵ, סݵñѱȡ£¶һЩһݳ԰ףֻ˫ոкɫϸۣϸİɫ۾а, ˶ӷ·Ѫ߶ϡ
Ļɫ, һ, ߴﹾ˵˾ĻŴ½󶥼, ԶΪ, ֱŮ̺̫, ڭڡһں̫š
ᵽỤ̊ҡʱԳƳԲ½Ļɡ
³Ǵȥ׽磿ɫĶźˣĿ䣬а취ǧ磿
һҪЩĿбʣ׽𾳶λһ᣿
ûдĻ·հ˸ѰͷԵĻ̫ţ̫̣
۲ɫ΢䣬ĿĿϷһЦϧǡ
˵꣬Ťͷҡ⣬ʣλӣȤȥ½һΣ
ƺûΪԾҡüһոץңĿʲô
õĶ̲ܽסҪղء¶һĪЦѲȵĿ·Ĳˣһ칤䡣
һĲֵ˫Ŀڽ⼴֮ʣ˺Ȼһըƺ潫˲սֻһ̲Ѫ
ͻҡɫԱ䡣
粢޷ӦץĲǱ𣬶ǿһҡЩź̾˿޿֣˷½磬û뵽Ȼֻǿܡ
ͬǧ罻٣ǶԲ½ֶβ˽⣬Ҳ˳ߵԭ֮һոտʻҲʱñ뿪
˸СĿȴֻüɫ̩Ȼ˻ڸҲ֪ո˵󣬻ǲų
˵䣬/Ȼĳȥ
׷ȥķһźƾճ֣Զۡ
˶ ҡһתӦԺĽʮ
ص½磬ͬѷɡ΢ڵ
ҡһƲЩ̫ţ˵˻ֶΣûзһתʣ̫йأǺ̫йϸ𣿡
Ǻ̫ź̫ʱЩ仯Ȼת˲ţûӹ˵۾ȻҲ̫Ż̵̫ĵӡ
ʵʵ˵һУЩζ
ҡԺһһ¸ͷԭˣ˵˹ң½Թǿļŷͥ⡣
޼֮ʱͨʱ䳤ε½Ĵ飬Ǹĳˡ
׽緢չ޽ǳأЩǳȫź͸ƣδ֡ҡĸźͼҲռǵԴ
ǣδ׽ή˳ûԴռؽһжֻҪһҳ֣ҵõôҳ֡
ŵƣйҵƣҡùҵĳÿıؾ֮·½Ǹӡ׽Ϊǧ磬Ȼδֹң֪Сǧ硢ǧѾйҲ
Ҳۣͳߵλϴ̫ã˵δʲôſ⣬ӦþǹҰɡ
Բ½˽ⲻ٣˼ģЦһմˣ㻹ȻָԪɡ
ҡջ˼Ҳ֪֮ǹ̾磬Թϥ£׼ȹ̸սΪ
֮Ϳռ϶ǿᣬʶˣ߶ǹвյЩ
׽绹Ҫϡࡣ
ĻҡͷյȴǧŨҲ˿տˡ
ҡü΢û˵˵׽޼֮Ҳ㲻Ԫ׼
ɽȡһֻص룬ĴڲζأĬһǾµСɳ룬˲仯Ϊһʮɳľ
ԪһԵЩĿҡóĶԪʴߵԪ͸ΪӴ
ҡȡԪûйĿʼ̾硣Ԫ̾ϷŨԪüӿȥ
ʱһţԪӰЩ䵭ӾԲ̽Ľ䣬һŻӰԪйԪ



316 
ԪӴԪ, յǵ㲢ʲôҡδ⣬ֱ֪̽Ǹ򣬲ŲЩ쳣
ƺЩʲô, ĸ֪
ɫĽԪȫ, ˸ƹȥ, ˭֪ǶͲ˸硣
ҡⲻɿĿഥ, ̿üԭҲˡ
Ԫ, ӦжԷЦһҲԣĬĳǸȥ
ŵĸʻҰɫµûһ˿ȥ˲仯Ϊĩϲֲ, Ҳ֪Ĵǧһ, Ǵնµսк, һĪС
Żһ͹Сɽǡλ˵ǡҡߵɽ, ֪ǲǲΣգ¡
һĽ磬ɽȫڣŽ⿪֮ǰֹߵĽ硣
沢쳣, Ұ׵ѻɽ, ĺۼ, һṵݺᡣ
ҡָһ, һԪڵĵصףϢʱ䣬ӵص״ڳϵǣûߣ˵ķȥ
ϸǣҡ׽֪˭˦һâ˲仯ΪȥǻЩŹֱ֣Ӵ֮㾶ҡˡ
ҡüһ˦ǻȴٴιӰ䵽ǰ
ڴʱһֻקŵһַֻųһɫĻ档ײƼеġڡԭ޹һڻŤһűʹ˱΢
ƺȴЩرر֮ڱͨ¶೤һ۾
ǻγɵȴ·л˵Уֻ۾ӵ롢ʹࡢ塭Ťϣ˲˶ܹʲô
ԻЧҡⲢδ룬ַųٵһ֣ǻһƶĤļСһ˲顱һѳţͬȥ
ٶȿ쵽˼飬ץ֮ǰ޷ס˲ԼͬʹֶطѵĻ
ҡ֯ɢĻ׷ȥ
һŻǸ°壬֪Ϊκĵͷҡⱼȥҡ⻹־ѽ˵ͷϡͿͱײϡ
һײ֮£ŻʧӰ١ҡֻ˵ϱʲôһ£ԺгһЩǵĻ档
Щң֯һƬʧ񡣵ع׷ȥһѾϵǰץ֡
Ǽǿյĳѡ̯һֻ֣м˵͸ѣ֥С׳涼ˡ
ҡüűץŵ֣ݵĵطһɫӡǣѵĿһֱң
ˣҪ׷ңΪ٣ԵʣüԺŸոտĻ档
ϵӡüͷɫȱ˸أӦĳ
䣬ʩߵΪ´䡣ҡ⽫Ļ꣬ƺЩӡ
㿴ʲôɫ³ض֪ʲô
ҡЩŹ̧֣ϵӡǣ˵Ļ΢䣬ƺħйء˵ǧħ塣
պȻЩأҡʶӴЩȣ۾Уӱ䲻ס
ǵжõǶ˵ҡƺûвһʼСɽ
˴ӻԭĵصҵһ߲ʯͷʯͷòһһ͸ɫһ𣬿ȥʮء
ʯͷҡ¶Ȼ˵飬ǰʯͷȻԽõʯͷӲ̫һϴ
ʯͷǱȾħħߡһ͸һڣ˵ȾòףǱһ롣
ԽõǿʯͷŶľ£ɫѾȥһ롣ɫǳɫīˮˮɫ䵭ǰʯͷƺǱʲôǿ˲ֺɫ
עʯͷϣûע⵽ʯͷлһ˿죬ֻǺֻܿΪʧ
ǸħʧˡҡⴹװʯͷңҲо⡣
Ƕħ壬ǶѾĴǧ硣
𣿾ʯͷ̧ۿЩ꣬һǧ硣
ɫ΢ɫԸꡣ
ոǸ䲻ңʯͷҡʯͷü̾˿ǴǧʹħͷʯٵĹ¡
Ҳ֪ǧλǧĸطҲ֪¹ȥ˶ãʮꡭ



317 
ҡ⿴Ļɢ, Ҳζǰȫա⣬˵ǣһѷӽĩʱĴǧ磬Ϊһħ, ֹݵӶ, 
һеĸԴ, ħߵԵʣҲر仯ıȻһ, ħѷʱ, ΪӶǧʣһ棬Ϊӵ󲿷ָ߽ʿ뿪磬Ȼܶħ, ֻξһ֮, ħʯ١
, ǧبŲֻأٵĳôǧ, ͬʱҲԤʾһʹûħߣǸҲߵͷ
ͬǣΪħߵĳ, ٳֵʱǰ, ǧûӭ
Ǵǧڵĸ, ʹǺųʧĩʱ, ڣֻǲ֧Ǹħ߲ӶʵϾڶɱǧ飬ѹǸô񣬷ܹҪ𣬲һߡ
֪Ǹǧ縶ʲôۣ˶ˣûа׷ѡһҵʤħ߹һֻʣħʯĴǧһˡ
ûҡҲʯͷھꡢƯκԵʻѣһηƮҡĹ£ڣҡ⡪
ħ壬ǸʯͷüͷЩء
ûǻС峤˵Ļÿħ壬ᱻǵġ󡯸֪ǧ磬ħȤĶһλñħ֪λãǧǻԵĴ
ħľǧ綼Ȼǧ籾ѷҲܿħߵǱжֲֻ³ɳǧӧ档һ߶ȫֻҪɳһλеʵħ壬Ժɨǧ硣
Ǹ뵽˾ɥĲпʵٱһ룬ǧô˵ĸѾѲΪɵħ塣
Щħʱܽ١
Ȼ˵׽ħ岻ħ壬׽˺üűȾħȴǲʵ׽ǧأ
ǰĴǧ֤дǧ綼ˡˡħʯ١
ʱǵģҶֵܲˡƺҡʲôεҡҡͷο
ҡعĻݸ˵Ĳи߸ţ»ֲż
ǲŸո̤𾳣֮񡢺ϵкܳһ·ҪߣŲ֪ʱֵħ壬ĹԼ£˵ֱ׽٣Щħ嶼ûҵǧ硣
Ȼ˵ò˵ħ£һӰ֮ѣǧͷϵĵ˵ʲôʱ͵ˡ
ʱҾá֪ǸЩҡ̾˿ʯͷƳĬ
ԹһĨϷ֮⣬ԶǱнǡԸ⵱һڹ֪ߣͨǻߣ
һǵԶǵ߰ɣ֮ǰ㹻ʱ׼ҡ΢תȻЦܻʱ˵ħҲ
ʵϱ翵ħ壬һ¸⡪١٣ǵڻĽ翴ģǽմ￴ģеһǿҵĽȸС
ǧ翴ƺƴب棬ȴǲ࣬׿ⲿвٵѭĻеԵô
Ŭϵл
һԵ䣬̧üģЩ΢ˣҲٸһǡ½ҲЩ쳣
ҡ㶲ŷӦ˵½Ҳħ/ץˣ
Ҹ÷/˵˾ϵĻûҡ⿪ڣץز½磬֪Ҳ֪ˡ
˵ζģѾ㱨ˡ
ҡҭҭݺһؿߵҿôСǼ
ץǺ˵ҪĿ˽½׽ԭҪץǴ׽ֱɱ˶Щס
ɫһÿĻȣˣˣŮиʲɲիЩرħʮơ
Ụ̊ҡĿһݣɫء
ǳЦҲ𽥱֣ĿǺ˼ɣ˵λŮ̡
ǿ̫ˣҡ΢УɫһĨ⣬λŮ̵ŮҼǵħϵǳ
ϧʱ̫Զ֪׽ġ
ҡ⻰Ժлһ⣬ѿڶ֪ţ˵֪˭֪
ڻǣἰأ䲻мȥΪܴ׽绹аĹ͡
Ȼָ֪˭ڭǰǶ˵Ŀ˵
ҡԲü麣ǧǰͱͷͰˡ



318 
ʯͷ, δһתĿ⿴һһ͸ʯͷ
ҡⴹۣЩԥҪҪ͸¶Ŷ¡Ļ˵, йǧħ֮͸¶, ħ¼ȻѾ, ЩƺҲûбܵıҪ
ͷոһתһ˺Ѹ˲
ôˣ״æס, üһ, Ǹղŵ䣿
ǣҡⵥֳԴɫЩѿа취ʯͷֻԵڻܺ˵
ƺе, Ȼ뷨, ˵Ժйص鶼ἰΪԴõϢ, ԻûзӦ
ɫתüչĻ, ӹ˿׻û²Ҳ޷ֻȷԼܴ
޷, ˾͸ûˡҡ˵Ϊ, ֮ǰõǿѾһ, żѾǷʯ, Ҫ˶ʱȫеħ
˵ƶ иһĨ˼ƺʯͷʮϤ
ǵ֮ǰĵǿʯͷ𣬡ҡ̽ԵֻûзӦ˼ļ˵ӦҲħħߣ֮ǰõһţԼţѾǵڶˡ
㻹һţһ㶣¶ɣƺȨʲô
ҡ΢תķӦս۵ףѽ̺ǵõһš
ᵽǿʯͷһȻԽǸϵͳҲԲ½磬֪½£Ǹϵͳͻƿڡ
бҪȥԽһˡ
Ļشֻ΢΢ףһת֪ν䣿
Ѿȥô꣬žȫҡⲻתת󣬻ɫӡڴɰһֻªëë档
Ȼȥա״üͷһɣɫ糣
ҡû𻰣ǿܣŽĿתصϣ˵ãȻȥ
Я뿪գ׽硣뿪󲻾ãһ೤۵ԳΡ
ӿϼ˵ķﲻжڳ˵Ĵţìܵʻһ𣬽˷ֲ׽ʲô䡣
ҡڳԼִᷢڻĽ̬мơ
ȻǲǸħߣû뵽ȻֶĿƺ򸡵ƺ뿪ˡ
ǸȥĽСѾͷƺŲܣе˼Ӽ˵֣ƺ뽫ץ
˭֪쵽һֺȻͻأջأˣħ߼Ȼ׽˲ӣʱ΢ǷŮˡ
˵ӽ±ںƵߣΧĿռ䣬ܿÿ̤һΧĿռ̮Ѹٻָһ·߹ѰϢͺۼ
˼һ΢̾СӸ˼齣ȻͰħһ̫˼ˣ
ٺ٣Ȼֻ׽磡
˵֣˾䣺࣡
ûһһͷţͻأƿգƵźߵǰ
ͷţ󣬵ѹżһƳĿ¶Ҫ
߰ɡӷϣĴ˸Ƿţϡ
ţͺһƻǰ㣬ʵسɴ绹Ҫ̤һ֮ң·ٶȣţϵӺܿʧ
λ֮߳ǰյ˿ʧӣ¶˼顣
һɫüĽɴ֣·ģ
ӵĻֻֻƬΪңǲ̽յĻ⣬޷Զ봫һξҲԸв鵽̽Ĳ׻ᱻԷ
ҡոջȻֹԼ֪ڰп̽Żط׽硣
λһȥԣ·ѵΪСģһ¶ֺ棬ƺᵽ׽λ
ǰƺԸἰеġλת⣬λǲ½¹ͳ׷ȥ˵ܵ컯ʱڡ
һݣ֮֮λʺңʹԶ޷̤Ǹ磬ҲҸš
˵Ϊ磬ԼĵѾǳǰ;ģпܷĵز
˵ŮλƺһǴ棬̫ɾҪŮѹڽ¿
ŮѾ߻ħҿŰգ



319 
ˮǡ
, ԰ҵ¸ˡҡϾ£ƽ䵭
˻ع׽, ֱȥ˺ͰԼõˮǡ, Űδ, ҡø˺ĳ˺ú̸һ¡
ָǣ¶ǡôɻ֮ɫƺû˵ʲô
ҡⲻ, Բ, 򴽵ָʲô㲻ֹһ¡
ʵĻǵڶ麣°ɡ̧ĿΣɬĪЩ̫õԤС
ڿ˵ǰĸؼ°ɡЦһ, ĵ׵Īѹ¡
ľ/ȥԪɽ, ĶԻ֪˻Լһǧȥ, Ѿ£ղͬѰ̬Ȼ, žЩԾ
ŭѣ̾һʵҲʲô£ֻ?Ųȶ? Ƕټܻɢ, ʱֻܼڽС
飿ҡѿڶ仰, ɫЩѿǵú˵齣??? û뵽Ȼôס
Ҳ⡣ףҡʧ̬̫侲·Ժɽ鲢δ̫о
ҡüͷɵһƤҶƲ
ȻƼ󣬵Ϊһǿ壬û¶ˡ??弴ʹѲ統꣬ձ󣬵ҲܿΪ̸һ
ǵķʵǴ崫ģйءʵĶһս䣬صͬ徫ѪԾϢŵرӲƳһԺ嶼Ū˸صĵطԱʱ֮衣
ȻƼ࣬Ҷ谭ϾƷԶԭװϡ
ʹַӱ״ٶ࣬ҲȵһѽĽã
ܹţʲôܳסҵꣿɫƽĽ͵ǵģҡ
֮һ׽ûʲôҲֻ齣ǧ齣ͷųš
ʵɣҡֽⷭսСʯͷȡոտʯͷɫ죿
֮£˾Ͳ²ʯͷ;˵Խ
˵ʯΪմȾ˲֮ħ壬֮ǰʯͷ̥
һʯͷһѡ
ɻǵõĸ׺ȻҪȥ޼֮ءȻ˵˸ɵĻ
ҡһתܿ췴ӦǰΪ޼֮ܰ⣿
ò׵õҶţüͷ΢ҡҡͷ޼֮ûȥɣ󷴶ȥˣԯ˸ңֻʯܳţ
ǹʯҡ⿴ʯͷü΢ӣʯͷδȾ˵ʯҲΪֻ
ʯԯƺҲǧħ˽⣬Żʯ
ֳһСٻ裬Ҫ֪ʯ齣Ϣ
ͷҲõΪǲ֪齣ΪŽӷɹ裬ҡ
ۺ룬һԻ㲻֪ô
һǲҲ֪ųһɢ
űϾʵ壬꣬˳Ϊ飡֮һۡ
ĽҡЦһ齣ôǹģòΪ飿ûǴ齣ĽѾˡ
ǽ꣬겻һǽ顣˵ǽ̬
齣̫أҪȻɽ飬Ҫ꣬齣ѡΪ飬ĴԵ̬ȣЩĽ͵
ҡֱЦˣųΪ黹л齣Ĵࣿ㣬Ը飿
齣彣ܵϿɣ֮õ£贵ӵۣСѾͷ綴ֻǻǼľ֮ԭֻǼéݣܻɹʲôĵط
ԣ˿ԸΪ飿
Ȼȷܵðקź벻齣ֻ彣齣ǿΪ顣
Ҳ˵һǿƤңԥԼҡⲻĵļ˵
˵£úӶˣͨƤʵ
֪ԸԸʵ
⡭豻ҭҭŵΪ齣ĽǶ֮õĻԵ
ʲô齣˵úͷȻӽɼ飬ҡĿ״Ʋ˵˼ľ齣ڳΪ飬ʲôķܳŵ
ʶӿڵףҲҵܳŵĶ齣ĲϿǡ
˵һȻֹ
ҡƲƲ죬ע׽ҲĲϲȤŶٳУ
ŶеǿűȾʯѾƯ͸ˮ״ԼżīȾĺɫ
迴ĶȻɫ䣬ŭ㾹ȻҴ⣿
ʲôңҼ񵽵ʯͷҡ·ûпı飬һɫֻң׾ɾ󣬿ɷΪľ֮Ҽǵոջ˵ﶴɽǹé㲻㹬
û˵Ļᣬžո˵Ļҭҭ߳ŭ³֣񣡡
ûˣ񣿡ҡ治ɫĲ
Ļľ·˲䱻ߣһԴþò



320 
˲ȥ, ҡøոյĻе۸˼, һ, ֮ǰѹ, ǰֵһűȾʯ, Ȼʯ, 岻ˡ
̧ͷû˵СѾͷ̫򵥣ûоֶΣʯҪĿ΢΢ħȻΪ˱Ⱦʯ, ôȥǧΪûгֹħ, Ϊ̫ˡ
̫, ҡüһ, ǿŴմʯͷսС, ҵõѾֻе㱳ֱȥˡ
ʯͷһһ͸ʯǰ, ħʯǰܹ죬ʯʮϤҪϲ
Ѿ, һ, ӹʯͷ˼ۺҡҡͷ, Ƭ̺ü, Ϊѵ˵ĴΪѰһĻӦܳɡ
ˣüܼӬȻ¶ǵѿȥĿοлҪԼһ
ҡʵиԽǿõʯϾû飬ʯҲʯͷеѡȻѡõġǸӣʶȤѡ죬ʡöԷ߳ŭʱɵ
һĶãһСʯΪǣһҲں˵¡
ŻֶܼãҡȻʱʯͷħδȻʹá
һζ׽֮ʱ
ҡⶢ˰ΣɵԴƺ⣿
ĻóΪ齣ǸӣúõһӳһѽĽ飬ʹѽҲһѽ
ȻǽܻԼ˵Ĺʶο⻹彣˭֪ĸҡ뵽ɽ飬Ȼһ챻ǳ붼̼
Щĸ꣬˻Ǹƽ͵ģĽǼУڴˣҸһ¡
ǱеģǱ̬ҭסҡƲƲ죬㽫׿˵һǣ
ʧˡ
Щİ֣ҡԴڼѰƬ̣˭ԭͺͬΪĹӡģΪ룬ڻʱ
ûǴĻҲħ֮һ֪޵ķʸҡ֧°͵˵
ǰħԨ춯ԴԺʧˡ
ҡۻ䣬ȥǧļõƬ㣬һɿԺл
νħԨ춯ǰǰħĵ㱻ʱħ㳲ڱħɴº˹ϵ
һֱڹעȷʧٶҡ£˼һץסе⡣
ǰȻʧȥѶһǰξҲʧ
˵ǽˣҡһ⣬αϵ˲ֱҲΪǶ֮һȻʧб飬ǲ֪֮ǰǷħʧ١
ǡЩأֵ⣬Ȼ¸ע
ҡšüʲôӦӳأ
Ƕ˾źĵӣûôױߡ
⻰ҡüδɿۣſĻ档޳Ӿʮ죬һ۱ܲڰĲ߻ߣֻȥһǧ꣬ǧļȴѰ껹ҪӣѰ¶
κҡۣɲ鵽ʲô
ξʧ٣оŻֵĺۼ΢У
ʧξѾҡ˼ǵټҵЩȴˡ
ɻĿͶȴġ
ʱпصĽŲ𣬶ֹſڡ
š֨һƿ׷̤ͫڣ΢΢ףõȡ
겻׳ϱҡ񣬱ǧǰϢΪȥʮ׺
һɫЩȥԣˡ˵»̸һ֡
ġӡָȻǴ̫ŵľ/⻰Щ˼ʾ֮ǰͷ/й̸ּ⡪ոռ棬겻֮˵
̫ŵķ/ұ֮Щ⡣ҡⲢδ/⣬ʵ˵°Ҳܲ³/ͨöųϴϢȥˮǡοԼǰϢ/֪ġ
΢΢ףͫлĹ⣬Ȼˡ
ȻѾˣ²˳٣߰ɡҡⲢδʱɣ㲻ߡ
һԵ̲סʣǧܸøȥĶɡ
ޣԨ



321 
˳ŷһͬ, ҡҲ·ϵĹ˽Щ̫ڲ¡
һ岻ƥе, ҡʾ, ѾܸȤ·, /ЩһЩ, ЩҪı仯ȡ
˴һ˽, ֪ͽʣµһԱߡʼֻĿǼۣλϱĿ񡣺ۼΪ˵յԽԽüһޱбˣڣŰ׳̫żܻӭ, ŶҪһ֮ء
һڱŻȨ, ѾŰʾɵѾͷ, ˿̫ŵһˡ
Եİ׳̧ۿ, 忡һºǳЦ, ޣ̫һؽȻΨհ
Ӷ겻ҡɽʽ˽ⲻ࡭˵껰һת, ͷתҡ⣬˵̫ŵ¡
ҡðǰһԨЩϵ, Ҳ֪ľ/Щ궼Щʲô, ֳԼ˼, 첢δԶ˵̸, ɽעˣ˵˵Ļϡ
ܿ죬һɱĵѹϮҡʶƫͷĿɨȥһ˫ڵײ
ǵͫ䲻ףеЦЦĻĪЩë
һת˼Ĵ˶˼ۡ
ǰǸܵˣĪ֪ʱǽӣ
ˣϰĻ׳ϣ̫ŵ֮˵ԱɢˣҪˣºüǳˡ
ͬ˵˵Ԩɡּ˾仰Բ
ãԸꡣĿֹסͷ
ҡ״ķŲŲֳȻһЦ򷭴̳ĳˣſʼ˵֮ǰ·Ԩ䷢аһĺۼԲöųϴ
˵Щʵϲаֵĺۼֳ߰ʬס
һͫ΢ţɫ䡣Ŀҡ⣬º͵߶Ȼϼ˿âָǰˣǰȱ
׽ְֻһֻ󣬱Σزһ˵ǻúܲˡҡһ׳ը»ܱǣһץסص㣬̵
ҡĻһԵ¶֮ɫԨʲôδǰδǰҡδ˵Ƕλ
û´֮ǰ˵ĳ˵ʧйء
ԨиٳĿռ䣬߰ʬף˵ҡ˶٣һӱеͳҲһ߼п𡣡
һ˭Ҳûп˵
ҡԭ˵úһ㣬ʱԨȻһˣκǰ˶ǺúŪģ뵽ԨҲ쵽ˣɴֱԨΡ
֪ǼҸ֮󣬰ڿڣɫҲָ
ҡü΢̾Ϲ̫һŵʬҲǶ
ǰ޳Ʈ·Ԩɨ۱㷢ǸԨµĿռ䡣ʱûʵ壬ڿռ﷭һȦ󣬱޳뿪ˡ
ĬȻüۣƺһ㡣
֮ǰ˵ҲԨԱߵ¶˼֮ɫиҡ⴫
ҡ΢΢ףһǸٳĿռħйء
˴һд֪˹ãʧİ·γѰ㣬ҡһݣлӸ֪ҸϢ
̫Źϵǳ֪ãȻ֪ǵ䣬Ҫġҡؿ֪ͨǰȻҲ˽ġ
Ϲ̫ŵ뻤ɽʬǲޣȻңԶ޾ڣбԵɣԼôħйء˵Ϲ̫ô˵Ǽʬ׵ƽ϶֪Ҫࡣ

˽Ϊĸ߽ʿҵֺԼƷʯƶķ·ٶѸܿ㵽ްԨ
ҡһԨڽ쾳֮ʱȼ˴ҪľԨͻƷӡˡ
ҲԨף̸̶׽˶麣֮Զ񷣰ȼ棬󲻵ò޼֮رѡ
ȥ֣ա
ôˣԨɵ
ҡƫͷ̾һһǱߵĹչʱ졣
ʱţָǧ꣬ĸпһ䣬Ȼܿһ仰㱩¶ԼЩǵ֪ǸٳĿռںδ
ѰУҡ⳯΢΢ףȥա
˵գ˺ɵԾԨס



322 
Ԩӡ, ˲, Ϲ֮ǰ˵ػһƬΪı̺
ת, ǧ׺ɣ, ĺ½, Ԩһ
Ҳǵˮ̶麣Ե, Զʱڶ麣̺, һӿ֪ء֪, ̽Ѱε͸¶п
ǧԨ޷ܼž, żгҷİѷӡ󣬴˵
һ, ԾԨʱөʯqqԨ, ֮ӰұͶ±Ӱӡ
ҡөʯǰͷ·²֪Ϊγ˼ͨ, Ťȥ޹, ֱ˲ǲ˵͵ˡ
˳ҵλ, ҲǶ̸ǰ桰·
ʵ˶Ǿ֮͵, ֻǸٳĿռǧ˿ƵĹϵ, óȻַ, ҡ˽, ˵ķԸж
ͣʱּҵǴռ䣬Ȼû顣ߵλã·ҡ⣬ҲӦʹ졣
˸ҡҹգ֪˶ãȻһЩO@춯
ҡֹסŲŤͷ˶һۣĬϢ
ʦ壬·ߣ΢һŮƺЩ룬˽ʵĸ߽ʿŮӿʱѾ֪Էλá
˹ˣнΪǿһϢдڣ˶ԪСҡ⼸ֻעǸϡ
ƺϳǸߵϢīüһĺɫĪ⡣΢תȻҡ⣬һĨЦЦĻȡ
ҡⱻĪѯʣȻ΢Щ˼ĿǸߵķ
ףӳ
ȻǰڿӳʱעȫϣôȥϢҲЩİһ˵ģҲô
ڴʱԶϸ춯˲ʧ֪Ѿ뿪Ƿ쳣
һǿϢɿ쿿Ϣ֮һөʯĹ⣬˲Ƶǰ
·ꡣ
ּˣѡҡۣ˹ǳЦ
ǧ䣬ӳ̫ĴΣȺöڿ죬ؼĴζ/ӼûǴӳ̫һǡ
ˣΪȴǧͻͽһ·쭵ڣв˵Ҳè塣
ӳޱĿˣ˵ҡ⿴ڵͫﻮһ˿
ѰǰģŲæĿڣ˵Ļȴɫ˱仯
ǰһͫӹĹ⣬µĿĿƺҲڴˣ
˵ڸͳһĵһŮУΨһŮΪס
Ůɫۣ͸һ֮С׷ӳʦ壡
˵ɨҡˣڿǵӺŮԲһ𾪵ǣ˵
ҲûõȥиߵǸһĶҡ⣬ͨĽ͵塢ӣ
ģŮ·һһܵҡǰֽͣ£˫־һԲԲĿƶǻӣ
ҡһ飬ų嵽ǰСѾͷŮ䲻ʮԼһǧꡰ䡱ǰȷԻΪСѾͷ
ΪƯСֻȤһЩŶԡ
Ǽ֨Ů֪ôһȿʼԱţӣҡܣϣʮˣںΪ
ͣҡֹסһϲڰ˴
֪ϵ˾͹ˡҡ⿴ԱߵѾͷȻҵˣͺҲմ״ѽ
ǴСڴ۷綼ûӮҵСɫĿĬӳ
ûӳڣŮǣʦڰ·ҵȣһԨѰǰµı
˵ͳһЩƾɵİ׾һ׻һӬͷС֡
һԾͽ׾ͬſԣҡ⼸˺󣬺˫ʵԹԱ졣
ҡŮĽ£ΪλԨס
ԭǰӵõ׾⿪ڰ׾Ļ֣ѧһλǰµġ顱
Ϊֺʦã޽׾͸ŮŮҲʦ뿪ޣ׾ᵽԨѰ·׼ŵӳ֣֪Ϊһ򲻺ýӽӳûнץţǺ֣һԨ
ҡ⿴վһûӳһɣһҲӳ
ѵ ֿò毺õСѾͷ
ɽ۲ݣ



323 
ӽ, өʯֻ᲻ѽ, ҪҪܰ㡣Ůյҡߴߴοɰδ¶Ц¹ĺԡ
ֲЦ, Ѿͷֹ̬Щ, ҡ⿴ۣɴĽөʯ
ǿ׾, λеĿĵͬһطҲ˵⡰顱˵ȷǸռ䣬ֻǲ֪Ϊֻһ׾дԣϱš
˿ɻҡԺһܿ㱻Ժ󡣼ȻĿһ, ŵ۵ϰ׾һжҲǲɡ
ۿޱӳĴ΢΢ԴӼŵ۵, ڤڤ͸оһ˻ۣ⼸˻Сϲ͸
澪ϲҲ, پϲҲãƤյ
ǸСѾͷ֮壬ʱأǿô
һȻҡ, Ŀ΢, ɨөʯЦǰͷ·С, Ȼϴ˿ȴСİ
ǿʲôر֮ҡʵûʲôŵҲѴܡ
аԼĴ
ҡⲽĶ˶٣΢ܵľ롣֮һּΪʣɽǰƿͬʱҲаͨ׶˵֮꼫ΪĶʣΧʱεš
Ȼаֻ־֮УմȾа˵Ӿ硣ǿ񱣻ǸСѾͷҪǴյ̫ЩεΧ鷳ˡ
˵δܻˣŵСΪ㣬ڴӳȻ֪ڰн̸ȴҲðпҡȻסһӴ˵ĽŲ
ߴˣǱߡ˵ĿͶҡⲻŲæָһ
ָķȥͷһ͹ұڡ
ǰգգۣЩԥľİ׾Сӽ㣬ƺǱߡ
㿴ĻҵģҡüûȶԷش˵Ǹߡ
׾ϵ·ҶԵطȻ˵˺ܶ·Ȼ֪ȷĽݾαԶ·
һĽ󣬡Ȼӵģ
ɫ죬ȴҲĬĸں档
һȺ˺ܿ쵽Ŀĵأҡǰָǿ͹ұһұں𡣽ֱײǿұУʧ󣬴ұʧС
һȵʧĵطȲĳұСĶЩұһµȦȦ
˳̤һطʣµҲܿ촩ұС
һӱÿյ֪˶ãһֻƶĳӴӽɳ͸ĳ˲ʧڡ
ұںӳĻһֻǰ֮ǰвֱͬΪۼʮԡ
צۣЩצ״ǳвͬӦʮͬ塣ɢŲʬǣҲģʬϵķ´ѾʧȥѾΪ
˽ٲһ¡İȻڵ
ͫһ˫ֳܷ˿Ķôһ˵ҡ˲δɡ
һǰҡһۣξһǰʧġ
ұбڵƣȻ⽫ڰɢͷƺƬĿռ䡣
߰ɡҡĿѲһȦһǰ档һתĽǡõǰ档
۲΢ɨһۣûмƽСȥ
̣ڳ֮˶ΪȻϺŵģǺܿˡ
ǰȻʡ
򳡴СĶѨмʬЩʬڶѨЩʬǰֻ˵СආǰЩʬֻʣɭɭ׹ǣҲɢŲСѹ
ŵСʬɢѹļҪ¡ӳ̧һӣʬϵѹɢСŻһ
ӣ飬һϡĶü΢Щá
ҡ΢֪뵽ʲô뿪˵ʲôѾʶԼʧ̬񳯼΢΢ףһӣϵļʬΪҷɣһ˲ʧӰ١
ֱӽʬ٣Ȼ򵥴ֱȴĿǰõĽȫ˵档
ֻһѨһʯ̨ʲôûˡ
ҡ֪νǸռ䣬ûжǿŵ۵ˡ
˵ҵѨлȥѵŰ׾ߵʯ̨ǰȥ૵
СҵλͰɡҡۿĶ
֮Ǻ̫塢ʣаһȱûʲôȱˣŵѾͷҲġ
ɫĿвסܣĵصĴȵĹȻ
˵ƺ뵽ʲôĺӹһ˿Ϸ֮ɫ˵Ȼպ̫ţ˵иϲ㡣
ҡԲüܾпϷζ
˵ĹѨȻʼζ



324 
ȭͷʯӶ, ѨǷ˸ߵĴֲʯ̨֪ʱ˵صס
ҡüʯ̨, ֻ˫־Ű׾ĿĿµʯ̨
ʯ̨ƽʯйǳĹ⣬·Щʲô
, жһ߻ӿµʯ, һ߾ϲ˵
޳嵽ߣֳһѳ󺰣ʦ, 㣡
˵ٽʯ̨λȥ
ѧĺĵӣƺΪʦõȻҲһٮٮߡ齣ʯ̨һʱ齣ӴĵطĽ
ʽΪκص׵ʯ̨˿δ, һ˿Ѻ۶ûС
¶̬ûӳǰһ, ɫĮ
˵, ָΪʯ̨һǶʯ̨·𶹸һ㣬˲һΪ
ৡһ£ʯ©Ĺ, Ŀȥ, һȶŻ, ãã֪ͨδ
ʦܶӳۣ˿û⵽һԵʦѿǺ
ӳûἸʦֶ̧۳ҡ΢΢ףʯ̨µŻ
ϵ ڶԾʯ̨¡
ӽ㣬ӦñǸǰ˵ĵطҺʦȥͷ󣡡ԭܼææҪȥ֮ǰŤͷҡ⽻һ䡣
ʦȥŵȻ
ҡ⿴ŵ۵˽ȥбһ֮ˣݸСͦ˼ġ
ʯ̨ҳͨǸռġšؼŻڼǰڡ
⼸¿ٵģϹèײӣʲôԭ򣿱طϤ
δ𻰣ֻǺȻץ֣ɫȻ̤ͨռŻ
Ȱ׹ɢӳǸ޴Ŀռ䡣
һ糺ɫĿռ䡣
ŵĵطǸ㳡שǳĺɫһξнݺᡣ߾ͷһӴĵŽաǰʯɫĺӣЩ񻤳ǺӡѪɫľʯ񣬾ڵĺˮ֣ŭ
ʯǰħħ֮׵ĺɷ̣Ÿͷ­צֻֻ˸ͷȥƺʲôþšһ㡣
ʯϱߵϥһˣ΢һ·بűڴ˵أӰΪ
Ųӿ죬ɫȻķȥ
ǹʯǰĲǰҡܱΪ֮ӵİϴ
ӵľֻһţҡȻ˵ʲôֻĸ
ƺҲȾˣǼŵ۵ĵӸǴҴһ£һѹ֡ŵķΧ
㳡һȥΪʵҲǿ㣬ҡ⼸Ϊ𣬾Ȼ޷˲ȥʮϢľ˿û̡
ֻֿܣһǹ㳡⣬ɱʶռ⣬ռ۵õľңɼ
ҡ⵱޳ʱױ˵ԵڵŶ壬µĹ㳡ȴЩ׼
ͬеڹĦ㳡ϵĽߣĬÿڣµӦǸ󡣡
Ҳ󷨡ҡƫͷü΢΢ȻҲ²㳡󷨣ЩݺĽȫͳķλã˭Ŀĵ⹴ܲ󷨵ĺۼ
˵Ļƺǰİ׿ŵϵĽߣīտտͫ¶һĨĹ⣬ӦħǵħΪµģΥ׽֮Ϊϡ
ԶܣڳȻ֪֮٣Ľ;һҡһۣø
˵һµģʽ㲻ƳҲ÷Ĵڣ󷨵ĸԴеףΣա
ϵħħ޵ĹĿ΢ʮֵľ
ڰ䲻ã㳡ϵâϸţëĽڹ㳡Ͽս֯ݺᣬŵǸһ飬һֱֱ߲ۣ˲仯Ϊޡ
۵ôһɫɷͷ󺹡
ȻʶԵ󣬶Դ˵ɱ
̫ŵӣӳŵ۵ʦҡֵһԹۣҲóô˻ῴӳı¡
ֵطҪΪ΢ʦֶɱҪüѶȡ
ֻӳü΢ʦֶһ˲䱻֪յδȥˡ
ҡĿһǬ˿ɻУ
˵ǱٳСռ䣬ͨ˵ռ֮䲻ɵӣҲ˵ŋɸĿռ෨޷ʹáƾȻŵСǱӳյϣǱս˿ռ䷨
ŵ۵һͨǬһֱӳһԵ˵



325 
ȻǬ֮ͨ, ֲøҴСҡ΢תջߡ
ȻסʵĴ, ԸһǴ´, ˵ЩݺĽ߾в
ŵС, µ˶Ƿ֮, ЩĽ߱˵ǣǵķ¶Ʋˡ
ֻǼȻ, Ȼ˼򵥡
żķ򿿽, ܳȻһ, ռ䱻ڰ, ͬʱһĪѹơ
ҡֻһ, Χһ˶ˡ̽ź˼, Ȼû˻Ӧ
״δ, ƾŸоķߡ
֪ʱ, ռ￪ʼ硣ǵصķдŸѿռķâҡӿȥ治ɫļǰ, ڱƽʱ, һεϵס
Х쫷, ҡһ˿ͷ˿δҡ˵ڶ, ʵѹƵ, Ҫ, ֲεĹԲֵһᡣ
Լ˰, ԶȻһƶСĹ㡣
ҡҲӿٶȿԴٶ̫죬µĽܲȻӿٶȣķСžһӦѡ
һƣȿֺĳȥҡһӣʱγһɿյشķ޲˲ڡ
ʮϢϵ㴦ֻǶϥһˣĹԴŵһӡ
ֻӤСָ󣬷ĹԴ뾶ȴмԶĿڵأü΢΢𣬶бҡеǰȴ˿ûзӦƺС
ӨӨϣӴʱţ̵ܶĳͶӰɫ΢߱͵
̫·Χĺڰѳͬ硣һ˲䣬ҡƺã·ܰ׹ڳ
⸱뵱ȥԪɽ˷ֱʱμһģһҡһֵüġ
ų̈Ļǣ֮
ָҪüĵһ˲ϵ͵
˫Ǻ۵˲һĹ⣬ҡĲץüȥƲֱֱͣüġ
ʶͷ㣬֪뵽ʲôֹסԼüġ
ҡһָͨʶУһ۱㿴ʶڵ齣ѿѾų彣ɣʹֻǾڴˣҲľ
˼齣ʶһȦûзʲô˳ȥ
Σô֪˳ü΢̧ǳЦ
ҡ򴽣Щ֪һֱλȻ˵Ѿ뿪ܾûô򵥡
ᵽħ棬΢ָ̧գݸҲã˺ϵʥ˵ƣ
㵹һҲģһûϵ飬ҡƲƲ죬ϵʥΣ׽ֲֻһϵʥˡ
˵뵽ʲôһ֣뿪Ԩ֮ȥһ޼֮ء
ҲǺϵʥˣ֮ǰΪû뵽أ
ôɵ
˼˵һ£¶˼֮ɫƬ̺һЦҡҡͷʥ֮ϵλǣ֮Уûǰ򵥡
ʵ˵껰ҡЩѾȴĻȫ侲ˣüĵ˵Σȥ޼֮ػ棬һȥ
áûвĺ⣬Цŵͷü۽⡣
ʱһ׮£ҡһɣǿӣʲô
ۣ۵ƿȨʩʩȻ͸ոյ¡
ҡȻôҵۣŹȥã׽Ĵͳ󷨲һôôҵۣ
»Ҫ׳ϣҲ޷ôҵۣᵽ£һɲİâλ黹ʱõĲּ䡣
ԭˡҡͷͲһЩħôױƽģϵʥδ̫ˮ˵㡣
һӣһǣ֣Ȼ߰ɡ
ܸ֪׳Ϻӳλ𣿡Ȼ˵ߣҡȻʴƿȨǷִ⣬ڰǶû֣Щ֡
صģ׳ϿҪҸ߳󡣡һλü¾ҪЩͷˡ
ҡɫü΢˼̽ӳô״ˣƺЩ˵ͨ
㿴ˣ¶һζЦųķѡΪߣ˭֪λѵˣŵ۶ڹ˿֪
ЦЦģҡĪЩ̣һ˼ǡ
Ǽ̣츳׿ʱسĵ𡣡ʱȴȻһ۵Ϊ



326 
ӳҡЩȵüһ̧, ֪νӻɴ̧̧°͵˵, ˭֪ȴһת, ˵
ǻ𣿡
֪תƻ, Ǳ, ˴ΪΣǸ˵ĺõط
˺תĻ, ʧٵĳξˡ
ҡ⻰ӵȻ, ˿ûʶĬ, 񽻻˲׶Է˼
ǰҵϢǰȻʧ, ĴѰɫĪ˵һ̫õϢ
ü, ˵ܿѾץ
Ƕüб, ǹһǳǳĻ, ɵǣӳҲˡ
˼ҡ, ŵԺйһ顣ԨǸҵСһִٳɣһ·ҲģǸְ׾顱СҲɡ
Цһ, Ī, Ȥ, βǰտҲһˡ
ҡɫһ˵ȥ
Ϣ鵽˳ξϢʧ֮ǰԨֹ
˵Ļ֮뽫һ򾡡ҡüĽо׽ħڴˣħй˶Źʲô
Ļ֮˭ԺѸٸֳܵѡ
̶̼Ϣʱ䣬ҡԺ˼ѾתüȦҲǰ㣬ոնǴݾߣ
ξߣҪľǽˮһЦɫݵģҡⲻݸ
üˣʱһ֡
ţ߳һ֣ĺЦЦ
ҡס̾˿֮ǰǷ飬ôҲ֪֮ʲô
û˵ϸ۾غй¶ޱǰݡǡôʱѾ߳˴򴽽飬ʱ޹Ĺ㳡ָ˲ʧЧ
ԶһӰ΢ͣܿ쳯˵ķ򿿽
ȴ˵ǰںеһɷʯ֪ʱѣʱһ˲
İ
ɷӴȣŭƮҡСۣʱܱƷ
ͷɷͣʱһߣʱ²ˣŪߡ
ҡ˼״ǰ˶û뵽ͷɷʵԶ֮ϣƾһ˺ʤ㡣
ӳҲѸټս֣ϢЩңȻڸոյЩС
һֶԸͷԣʼУץסʱ·硣˴Ķ˺ںһɷѵͷɷֻаͷҲ֮ΪСɣƱȾͷĺɷӺˡ
һѣںտķˮ㿪ʼڡ
ҡ״զֻ࣬һͷħʾĺɷػǰȻͷħʾɷЩ
ڴʱһǿϢɿƽ
ףʱ򡣡
òӢʣ෢£עĿͷϵһǡ
˵Ҳϻһ˲Ƶͷɷǰƽֱһȭֱɷһͷ
Ȼݣҡ˻ʱ˿רĶԸʣµͷɷ
ǿֳĶԶ֣Ǹ򵽾˴ֳ壬ʮɳĳɷһһһԶѽѷ֡
ųͬ޵УӴԷвѹӰ쵽ҡߡ
ҡ⻹ڶٵУܷӳʵһ롣ѹԪͣһħԵβ˦
ȽȥԱߵüͷһ壬齣һ⣬ħԵһֻͷ­նȥ
ӳҲΪĬжϹħԵֻͷ­
ħѱ˵ĹԣԽⲻ˷ֱȥҡ֪ٵȥϼ˺ȣҲ飬ûԽںӣʯǰ
ͷħԻعתҪα˲ס޷
ҡ̤ʯף·ʯǸϥŵʬʱԥƬ̣ʬ
ߵǰϵǣյĴʮ׾ͱƿ
̤Уš䡱һ±ϡ
ڵƻͨǰʱһûκϢɨܣСڷųķ/
ķ/ԨǰŽСģû뵽Ļᡣ
ǰ˵ʬײˡҡ˼ü΢΢𡣼ǰʱм񾳵ʬֵİڴȴˡ
̧ۿȥͬλһʯ񣬹ʯмʮɸߣһȹϵšںСĺɷʯͬʯޡ
ǻվ䣬̬졣
/̧׿ʯ¶˼֮ɫǰħʯ񣿡
ڵĹ㳡һ˺ɴ糺ɫӳɫʯ񣬿ɭа⡣
ǻڴ˴ҡ⿴ŶϷʯ񣬺Ȼڵ
޳ɨһۣ˵ܿԣĵع
˵һƴʯϣʯµķεͻأһɸߵСš
ȽȥƫͷԷ/˵ֻڳȻһȥϧ״һʼĴྶͥҲ˲õˡ
Ȼ̬չƫ˷򣬲ҡⲢδԼеĿġõعһöӡ¡



327 
ӡϸܵصϢ, ܱħйµĵع, 㲻ͬѰο׵ǣصһӦӡ֮ϡ
, ٳĿռв²⣬ӦħڰһйҲǰõĺ֮һ
ħغ˲ȫȻζԷЩɾ, ضǣƶԷֶΡħ滹ûع, õӡõʱ
ֻǲ֪ӡµк;
, ҡ̤ʯµİСǰһ̽, һӭû, ǹ˲佫һƬռ䡣
ޱҵȼ, ĿһƬɫ治, ȴÿʱÿ, 
ҡӿһ㵭ЩǱҵƳҵ
ϳͷͬʱ, ΢΢˿ײɱҵ࣬ǧǰǳʱҵвɱ޹ҵ̤ޱҵ, ˲䱻˵ʣ
ֻ, طҡüܡ
̼ǵõ׵عʱ, һƬҵ𺣣û뵽Ȼ˺ҵ
ǰعûҵĺۼһƬ⼸гֵģȻһֿܡ
Ѿڵعһ֪ĵطںߣΪܸ֪ƬгûϢ
֪/λá
뵽üѹ˼ǣڻߡɫʱγɶ使޵ĺһ
ֻܼż˷ϸ顰Ļ⣬ҡϵİ¶Ⱦϼɫ
Լ˰㣬ȡ˪ֱܲӱƿƬռ䡣
ƽû״ǰȻ³çֻǽƬȫļƻЩϻصعõöӡ¡
תԪһ֮ʣһ˿ϸ΢ĶֹסĶ
Ȼתָ
һӰ֪ʱҡⱳɨȥ֮ɫ΢Σϳ˵Ϣͫʽ´
ӰС·Ƭ𺣣ַ·֮䣬΢ǿģļµѹǹɻصı־һͨ˲ʧȥʶ
ѹ֮£ҡָ΢ֱľŽһ
Ӱ޺ı΢΢ЦСѾͷ벻һʽס
ͳ΢ƣӴľȻεħŻȻɵĹƻҡһʱʧ
ڡáּ³֮ʣһɨ꣬˲̨
ҡ΢ݣ򴽿ӰݣħǰֲֶζԴСƺЩװɡ
û뵽Ȼħһ޳磬һͱסˡ
ȵȣħҲ˵طŪģ
СѾͷͦ˼ģȻ֪Ǳ𣬻ͬ˵ӰЦ
ҡ۲Ҳ֪ƹˤĲ⣬治ɫǰǰ֪кҪ£
ħͬһ磬һǻĺϵʥˣʱų컹ʲôʱ
οǰֻħһҪħˣǾ̫ˣôڻĽ绹벻ࡰ̸ЦҲǼˡ
Ӱɫ΢Ӷҡ⣬ⶫ
˵̯֣һöķӡǰ
ϳöӡǴ©Ķҡӹһ˿أֺܿʧԾʣˡðǣΪǰΪΪ
˵¶ɻ֮ɫ
͵ˣɲСޡӰȻһЦеľζԶǱŮӻҪµòһЦѣ֮Уκﶼ˵֮һҲҡⳤԵĶֵӲˣԸֵֵмߡ
ʵò£ϵʥǹɺƴƽΰθߵһΡĪֻڼʥϼضȲϡ
ǷζţħΣճ̶޽ӽΪļʥҡЩģòǵ㵨֪Щ
ӡȻҪİΣȾԵòˡ΢ת˼֪һŶܷռը
˼֮ʣԶڻĽļʥһ׽⻯ȻۣվĿռ
Ӱ̽Ŀɨ֮ʱüָһҵƷڡҵһڵӿ棬ҵڣɰ͵ۣ߲ŤΪһֻޡ
ԴԴϵҵӿޣƬռ俪ʼ϶
ͬʱҡ⺷Ȼ֡



328 
һ־ɨҵռ, ҵɵ޴һţ翵־û
ͬʱ, ҡһֱδµĽǰݺһ, ѤĽ䵽ħӰϡ
ܿ죬쵽ͽӰꡣǱ͵ӰŤһ£·һ̾Ҫʧ, ӡҲ˳Ƶ䡣
ҡüһ˲ָצӡС
Ҫӡ֮ʣһͷƤľ֣ʶ˲Ƶʮ⡣
ԭλϣӡȻ, ʧͬʱ, ΧһȦ
ĺڰշ̡, ܿ콫ռ䶴Ƴһ׵ĿռѶ
ҡͫ΢, ʶевԴͷ
СޣҵĶɲǺõġ
ҡɫ΢, Ѿ»ָӰ, ǰô֪ǰʲôף
Ŀɨֻɻɵ, Ͽ֮ɫ, һҲողŹħģ
ƺЩ, ֱһָ, ҡʶжʱ˼, ⶯Ӱøӵƺʱɢ
ҡ֪װСɽ䱻ᣬɫһڣһͨСȨһ߷ƽĶ
ħǰҵĽָȴ֪ɸȤ
̯һĴָСʯ飬ʯްֲڣ·ڶ㣬ٶȥᱻɡ
ǵħԨ壬ʱġ˵һħ棬ֻ轫ⶫóɡ
ʯô꣬Ϊ⣬һֱҴоڼħʱͰȡʯԷһ
û뵽ħΪϵʥˣȻ˿ûдз緶Ȼ컯ɽ䡣ĵǣħǿʱĨȥɽϵӡǣ˵С綼ס
ֻܿĻˡ
ħʯ΢ͣȻɲ죬ϸҡⲶץˡ
ʯΪĦ֨죬ƺЩҲ֪ܲܳܵס֮
вϵʥˣȻֻһƴӹûôҡʾߣ̫̼ˡ
Ӱɫ΢ΧȻһ䡣Ҳ֪ʲôҡʯֶӰ
ʱһǿ־٣εĶҡⶼܵˣܵǹЩϤϢӰ֮ʶߵʯ飬Це˵ƺ˲ǰˡ
˵ǵǿ־ɢɵޣûΪһֻƳħϮȥ
ҵĺɿӰʱһ棬ɺҪάֲסΪΡ
ħһΧ޾ҵʼڣҡⲻҵĻҲЩʡ
ƺŵӰӰǿԱ㡣ĶЩͣǾĶ˾ƵĹ
ҡһԿӰţ⵽ƺסħĿģȴÿÿܶơ
ǾƻӰж䶼ҪʮϢƺͷһֱӽħ顣
ħʧڻ𺣣öӡƬ̣ƺ˼ʲôӡͺʧ
ƴʼնûעһԵҡ⣬ƺ
ҡˮһգ̾˿һｫɽٻء
ΪƵǿ룬ҵռΪռ֮ȣ̮ܿҡɴ౩ƿһռͨҪĿռ䡣
˿ռ䣬ԼȻħйλþԨԶ
Ȼӡûõҡ⻹׼ٻħйԭڽعʱʧ˻û
ħĳ֣ԼЩԤУصعȥ
ʱ䣬ҡʩչͨ˲ƵǧԨ
ԨʱȻһ˿Ծ
һҡȡַɽʯ顣ֻʯ鲻֪ʱһ϶óӵĹ϶ǰʯ龹һΪ
ʯʴ֪ȻղҲвħ棬û뵽ѿˡ
ѵոճˣ
䣬һڹʯƾճ֣Ԩ׷ȥ
ڹж죬·ֱ۵ռߣҡ׷ȥûв׽뿪Ĺ켣
ͬʱԨĵعЩ֡
ĿѲعִᷢЩ졣һɫķ󶦣ΧʮѪɫ޼룬ÿֻ޼붼һâĺߣһͷڶڡ
󶦲ʱˡϷŨħ
ĸϢӰλĸޱ봳عļţϸ˵۾һƬȻѾǻ
һˣ׷ͫòмơ



329 
ľʬɵĿܣȻʵǰ, һ, ȴǼһս׶Ըġ
ǿл԰ر, һǰס֮, 
䷢һڹ붦ڡ
ɸߵĴ󶦺ĺʢ, ҡ, ƺʲô
Ѫ뿪ʼϻζŴ󶦵ϸ߷ĺâмֻεƺжƼ
Ǽܼ״Ȼֻصԭվ, ·ܰ㾡ְڶԡȼ˷Ӧ, عһ, ɫשĻɫ
ܶȻһ·˲ʮоʯѹڼ, ˴
߰ɿƵ˵, ǧ֮޷߹Ī, ƺѹ, ǳǸѽΪһʱҲѲˡ
, ·ȿֺӿ, дӿӳ, µ㸿ס˵֫
ӳΧĺܿΪʵ, ʱ㽫ȫ, γһԲɫļ, ģȻΧѪһ޶
ʱһվ۳ɵѪϣѪƿһӡ
֪ʲôֶ΢ת齣ݺݲ棬ɢţ˲串סĻߡ
Խ쳹ع
·а㣬ɿ˿
û»ָжļ󶦺ıһɹڵڵѪ롢ܣˣ߲ͳͳ붦ڡ
ϷħзɿתϢ֮ȻɳһڡǹͷʰɫΧĿռ侹̬֮
ɱ֮˱ᣬ˾ǣǹһʵСˣСж꺢ͯ󣬴ݰףͷ쾾һ˫Į߱ɱȴͯ
в֮ԶŴܣ˵ϳ䰵ͯɻǹ顣
ɻǹأħǧǴұΪ޸ɻǹ飬ħ徹Ĳ컽ɻǹг˯飬ǰʵ顣
鴹ڣָṴɻǹৡһ·붦ڡ
˶ȥȴԳɿռ䣬嶦ڶֻԼЩ֮
治֪ʱӿȵĺɫϸɳϸɳڶϣϸСĻɰ±Ķǡ
ɫϸɳħԨµďɳ̫ħѪ
裬Ѿ̫ħԴҲ˵ϵĻԴϢ
ҡⴳعʱ㿴һ棬յĵعڣһźĴ棬֮һӰûС
۴ϵĻ棬ü΢󶦣͵һΣһԶд
ԣҡ䵽ʮ⡣
䡱һ˲˸ߵĴķѣನʹĿʶԶ롣
вִصĽŲҡһƬâĿȥʧٵĳξ롢˽ڴˣȫɫҰ׽Ų鸡ش
Ŀûпǣɫһˡ
ڷ£ƣİţаâתɫ˵ʹ࣬鲻ͣã·סˡ
˾ȵǣһڡ
һѴޱɱ֮
ΧǺʱʧˣعѻȸûһ˷졣
ҡԴ䡱һĿ͵Ķ˷·ע⵽Ŀ⣬˰صӡһ˫ġŻϢӿ
ּˣСѾͷ˹޵ı·ѪұˣĿѣԵħ֮
ҡãȻȴ˵һ·𱻶һ£ʹ³
˵Ĺ򣬵ع鳱ȿֺӿȥֹСռ޵ͳͳԨķࡣ
ؼԼйǣط춯ħŰҵҡ
˴ĶȻ˲ 
˵껰ãһϹⲻ֪ĸϮϹƽƽ棬̻䵽ǰʱȴйһ˿˵ѹڳ˽ֽѪǱˡ
ľ߱겻˲仯Ϊҷɣɫһ䣬Ŀ£վû
ɫ΢࣬ɻǹһǹͷӭϹ⣬߱ȵѹСռĿռ϶һУԨڼϢڱΪƽء
ڿռ֮ʾƿһռͨҡӳü̾һӦЩ͵ЯĿռ䡣
Ԩɳ죬ԲľΡ
ৡৡৡüӰƾճڸѹˣܼͨ
ħħ֮һĺϲӭȥǼĵɫ˿ûħʾǿ߸еϡ
ͬǹħʺѪħ٤Үں޵ϲλɫ͸ӵöˣŻ٤ҮԭϺӲҰۡ
ħλħʾܣҲ˼ͬλܡ㶵ҡ⿴ˣеĹâָŲǰΪ֮ˣ壿
ոո΢΢ףҲû˵ʲôƫͷͬСȻ޼֮ء
û˵ҡܾʱȥƫͷķĿ̴ãȻ֮ɫ
뿪һ£ôͱ⸱ӣ޲TΪʲôźǣѾӽ
ѵΪ齣
ǲĿ⣬ӻһĹ⡣ƿĿ֮ʣȻüͷһش㣬Ϻ˵ѹɢֲͬɫ
ɬϢϲϷӿضΪ֮ɫ䣬Ǧ׹ԵӵĺɫΣյϢ
ҡ״һģץĸ첲˵壬δ
˵Ѿߵǰ뿪˵ء£׷߻δȫָʵġħ桱
ħħ̣Ȼ֪ħθ֮ʣνҪħȻλħʣҲֻк޶ħ޶ġ
踥ȡ̣һ֣ǣϣ
һʱ䣬λǿͬʱ֡Ķƻٱս¼׹⣬ڳͬȫա
ҡʶȥסС壬񶷷ȥ𣿡
񣬡ָ㣬һ׹üģڶ֮Уֲ̨ء
ҡ·͵ؽһͰˮãȻʧ̬֮˲ʱ̨򴽵ôˣ
ǰճأպһˣ˵Щʧ˺üΣһ˵Żһߴʣµļˡ
šҡ䣬Ҳ˲ˣߵǰѯԼ뿪ع¡
ɫ΢ƺ֮ǰʻǴ˵ع¡
˵һڹ붦ڣ
ҡޱĿż⡣



330 
ع֮²ſڣĳո뿪, Ȳ岻ʯ
ħһԴ֮, ԶĳȻ廰
ҡ, ɫҰһ˿Ѫɫ, ԪˡԭվĳξıӰ, Ŀɬ, еּɲĶ˶
ħ汾Դҡ̧ۿ߹ĳ룬üͷԺͷ
嵱ʯ֮ͻظ޲Tˣ˵, ˼, һˡ
뵽Ǹ, ɫøΪ
˼վ޲TǱߣ
뵽뵽ǧǰħԨ, ֮ǰħ͡
ħ, ޲Tᶨӵ
ڴ֮ǰ, δ޲TϡȻ, ΪֻԼһԸˡ־, ־ʲô, ˽⡣
ҡҲԴ󵽾ƾԼ·ϻĺ, Ťת־οʧȥѪͼڵ, 㲻廹˵
Ǹײβĵ, ֪ʲô, һֱܿ
˼䣬Ѿߵǰ
δû뵽ǻṴ԰׵Ĵǰ˫ЦɫͫΪĨ˼졣
ҡ⿴ʴĳ룬ﻮһǧȥÿ˻ٶб仯ܿ׷ĵ׵һʣˣǱԴʧԵʣ
ɨۼˣе˶ɫ԰ףΪأᡣ֮԰ᣬӦħ汾Դֻ˳Уδԡ
ǡףڴҵĿȵǰ֦Ҳϸĳ죬ƺſˤҡü΢ʶַ
˳ס󣬷·𼫾ϡ
ʱһԴˣǸ׹Եס̸Уֻǳ֧ҡϣ˲δӹעֻİԶӳ˵ķ࿴˼ۡ
ǵðҼǵƺйһԨԴҡϣżĪζ
ҡⱻץסʱһɹ֮˳ȫʱ˵궼޷
еİ𩣬ڰǸͨСӣԨͻƷӡǸСӻɵ¼ҡĿ⸴ӵĿʾ˵
޲Tζ֮ºҸģûк˵ҽˡ뿴һ˲·ָþˡ
ҡ⼸ĿͫԼĵӰ
˵Ļڳ֮˵ע⡣ǣ˷·˵һʼ˵İƿߡ
֪ʲôʱ򶯵ֽţҡޱĿų룬дȻ
Ϊ˺ܿͳΪѣҲԼ׽һϿɵѣ㽫ȥ޼֮ء
ѡ嵶ζ̫ܣֻԷѰˡ
ƺ¶вתܵâʵ㣬кö໰˵˵˶٣ԳһЦʱԣǲǵһ仰ڻֻܱ࣬Ǹˡ
ҡĬȻνġʱԡպڶ٣ʵ½ʱԼڶڣҲѡʱ֡
ճ벻ٿڣǹɹҡʶеʶһƬ𵴡
ٷ𡣡һźϥ˫ֺʮۿˡ
ԶӳҲˣֻسâڳ֮ڡâ·̶һʱá
ʶĿͶĬȻһԵĳξϡ
ϾͺˡûˣҡݸһЦЦĲãһ˿
ǹҡʶкֱײܿҵ꣬Ѱ̰֮
ҡʱȷĿġ޳
ɫĮȻû걻ɡ
һƬСǹ֮ס꣬뽫飬ҡʯֻ֮ܽס޷˺
ܿããһСˣòһ޶ҡ֪СǳħӤʶ
ҷҽʶͨ˵
ħӤûлشָǹȻӴǧٱҡ·𱻾޴ĥѹʳ֮ߡ
һɹħħӤϷӿ֮УͼȾꡣ
ħҡʱһƵâ档֮ڵήҲ·˲ҩ㣬˲ͻİΧΪ嵽ħӤǰ
ϵİâֳһ䵽ħӤϣϢħӤһġʵ֮ܿһϺɫâŴħӤڣҡС
ıԴδ𡣡仰ҡ뿪ʶصԼ
ҡ壬ʶ뿪ʶ·ȥ˺ܳʱ䣬ʵϹֻж̶ʮϢʱ䡣
ȻȷģκԴʧΪأԶӳʮϢʱâһϣͬһʱξ˲Ƶǰס
âص㡰չˡһżһӵҡǰӳһڳ뱳ϣһ˷ֿ
ˮĶȫ̲Ϣʱ䡣
ǡڴʱҡصСʱյøոպõʱĺƽɺϡ
ŵڵصĳ룬һûʲôĻΪʲô
ܾúܾǰӾڣѡ˱ʱܰΪʲôȥ仰壬ֱԼ£ŷΪʲôźܶණ
йɻѹͶһιϵֹ
ΪʲôЦһڴ͵ؿԼһѪָ
޳ǵħ˿̲ıԴ𣬲ȻҲһƺм֮
̧׿ҡ⣬ɫԣɤЩɳƣΪʲôΪŰ
Χžһභĳξӳֹ֪ס˶ˡ
ֲ̧ȥߵѪվ¶һ翵ġЦɹ𣿡
˭㣿˭޳Ĵڣ˭Ҿ޳
ҡĿ΢£һǰδеƣУ޳һ׽εĸо
ûлش⣬ĿѲһȦ̾˿Žתҡϣ֮ǰ˵໰˵ղû˵˵ˡ
׽磬ҸҪЩʹľ۾·ȼһػĻ棬˵Ǻޡ
ⷬҡ⣬ҶЩ޷⣬׽˶ܸܵ
㿴ƣһ·˳˳ˮ;ϻǿ壬ħƴһǧħ̥ʬڵ˻ħĿܹӳħѪɱãѪɱֱˣһ·ɥ֮Ȯ㲻ͣˣûһطǼҡ
ұмѽֻǼҲ˵ߵһε䣬ɫ
ңҡ΢΢Щס׽ˣֻʱ걻ĸ͵硣СڸԺ׽粻ǻ˸һ˺²޶پδʹôȥ뻹һ˾
øϵᣬ˵ûϵֻҪһֱţ˵һܻȥĽ㣬㣬ÿ˶ԼļҾ˳˳ˮ˵ʵҲѴڰŬš
˵⻰ʱҡ񴿴⣬Ŀ̹
ǣôŬţ˰ͷõͳüֻԼ
ҡĻĿⶸȻһ䣬˵ʲô
ʲôšˡ
˵ɺȥһӣܿȥδ̧ͷĿƵĿ͵ߣΪʲôôŬţ˲ң
Żȥд𣿡Ŀִֶˣ۲ӯӯ·ǳ롣
仰һһĪ׽硣



331 
鷳ˡǧеĮɤƮ, ǧв
ڲ½磿˭ȥʰǧﴫһǵ
ǰЩӸȥ£ҼǵǵӾͳԲ½硣һˮﴫŮ
Ѿȥ˽, ΢, ױ, 㲻֣ٶȳ
ǧλѾ¶ɱµֻħ岻, עħλǶĴ׼ɡԴʯŮӻۣź޾Ǻ
һ, ༸˽ĬȻú, ˮŮӿڴƳ, Ҳ, ǧʶħ, ýʱħ, ˵ĵϸһ֪

λĶԻԼ˿֪׽磬ǹĪĲ޺ȻһϢָֻ
ѰֻԼвͬѰ·, Ϊĸ߽ʿ֪ࡣ
½ˡ
Ů̷ֱҡ
ѶϢѩ޷ɢΪŵز۷׷ףǶǵԴȻ, ҪϢֻڶ֮, ½綼û˵
޶, ŮԴΪעͨӲ֪ŮĵϸŮ߲֪Ůĸš
Ů½Ů̹ϵǳ˵ŮŮ׽ķ֧
̹֪ԴкοỤ̊ȻԲ½֮Щ
һ֮ȴżֲײĹ
伴ɣߵ³֣˵һתʯĶѾ׼ȫ̫ſж̸䣬˵ĵλ
Ǳһ񾧣ƹĺۼ
üҡɽȻܣȻʲô
ʮ־裬̫ŶԴ¶˽⡣ŮεĴ
ϧˡ΢̾Ҳ֪ڿϧЩʲô

һߣʱ䵹˵ػָ֮ʱԭ˵ĳվһԵĳξټȫޣӦǳ谵֮ˡ
üͷһ壬΢΢Ϣƫͷһȥҡ¡
ˣ׷ˡ
̧죬ֻһӰתڼǰ
塣ЩȲǰɫĿⲻѲƺʲô
״üšֻƫͷŷ˺£
æ֮ǰ¸İһ˲ز
Ҹ֪ǹɲħйأĿ¶˼ҡ⣬̾һ˲Ҳʧˡ
ָ˭Զ
ԭȥգ˲˺Ҫ뿪ϧǱ˲ס˼ս֮ʣմһ쳣Ĳɲ󣬡ʧΪ׷鲻
ʧȺĿĲһɢˡżλħʣǱ˸ħ䡣
ҡĻüͷĿ˸˵Щʲôӱסֻŵ۵֪ܲʱץһʯյǰСӣ͸㡣
ǡҡ㶣ɨĲӣȻԭϵǿʯˣҪ͸ң
͵͵ܣƯԣ˵ΪӣܰĻаϳڡ
͵͵ڳ֮Ϊͣ⴫Ϳ˵ûʲôٲĿ
Ӧ֪жҪ͸ңҡЩȣ֮ױ죬ƽڣ˲׵ļ⣬Ҫ
ƣֻġˡЩر𡪡ħ޲T⼸ŵ۵ĵ֮ǰӳǬǰ˽ⲻ࣬ƾֻƬΪ˶ᣬȴǸ˲
һһµ챦ͬЦеĿŴ۾֮£ӱҸҪ
ҡԭӶ֮ᣬ⻰ĴȻòϣò˵ĳص΢ת
лѾʯܣĿⲻƳʯϵķģܾĻȻֹ
ʯĿǰˣĿڵˣΪرҲһɡ
˵ţСȡһ״ĶܣΪ֣
һȡڳ˵Ŀⶼ
Ϣ
·ûע⵽˵Ŀ⣬˵Ļպˡ
ҡڡ񡱶ϡȻ٣׽˵ǿɼģһϵûԼ
ҵĵУûر𽻴ͻϽ塣
⡭̫ˣա㶶ĶʿˮβһԼȻʶ࣬Ը֪бֵĶѾԶ롣
ǷȻ㻽ǰռˣҡһջ˱ϵӡ
ʯϵķķϤ齣ϵķġŶϵ·ħʯϵƶʯϵķ֮ǰ²ЩƵǧйء
䱻ħȴС෴˭ħ࿹Ļضռһϯ֮ء
ͨ챦ûãܴƵʯҡĪûг䲻Ч
ǰǣҵ



332 
˵İ֮, ֪ҡʯ, ̧ۿܣĿдżƲײӡ
üЩյ˵λǰֻҳʱһΣ֮ҲҲϢˡ
ҡò, ԷΪ𣬵м⣬ܷǲһ֮һȸ, 죬ں, ڻĹ֮ΪǿƵһ壻ǫoţڽϲµ֣ͨǵ, ѱΪصһ·ǺȻ׽, , Ϊʵףܿ׽紳
в֮, ׽к߽岢ΪĴ, 񡱵ĳν㴫ˡ˷, һص㣬ϡ, ׽ѾӰ
Ӱ, ҡе, ǵñ޿޹ĵӣһֻֻʹ޹أӦҲЩ
뵽˼ּƽϣתͷˣ壬һЩ£Ҫһˡ
˵꣬Ҳ˵ķӦ˲ʧԭء
ٷСɮҲȸˡҡ뿪󣬰һƳʾ⣬ƮȻԶȥ
ӳջߣޱĿŵ۵ӣϧߡ
ʦ壬ò׳һˣҲôޡ۰Ͱ͵ǳţ»ȻӲǶסλѧ˾ηʦĿ⡣
ȥδӳŽüΣֱúĿ¿Ҫùģſ˽ڡ
⻰ȶأæȥޣ̺ҪʼˣҦʦ˵Ҳȥˡ
ǧ̺ǵ̺ٲȻΪ޵һʢᡣʱգһε̺ҲٽˡÿʱڣҲʿȥ̺ǡ
ǶأתͷƲʦֶ
һĿܣӲͷƤʦõġ԰Ҳŵͷ
Ǹ߰աӳ΢̧򦣬Ͽһ˿
һ㶣仰תȦŷӦЩȷ̽ʣʦʦ塭ҲҪȥޣ
ǰûд𻰣ֱת뿪
ʦ壬ȵǣܼ״üЦ׷ȥȻǳô޵ľƻ֪һЩġ
ħì𽥼׽ҲϣѲǧǰ̫ƽ⾰һ𣬸·˺Уѧӵͷˣ޾Ͳһˡ
ƾʦֵΪ˵ȫޣ˵޶ˡֵϢºܿͻᴫȥһλ仹׽綼պʦߣ󲿷С
աӳͣ½ŲȡһԲ״ķз̧ƳƳܣӹһȻƺ͸ע˭
ϸ鿴˵٣ᷢ˵ĴмƣֻǰߵĴһֱߣܵȴǲЦ䣬Ϊϲ
̤ܳϷзӳܿ뿪һƬԨ
һߣü˼仰Ӱ˲ʧҲ֪ȥ˺δ
մ޼֮سһµĽ¡
֣ȤȥͣԱһϮµİĸ첲ЦǺǵ˵
ԸƣȻʶãȴ֮УҲδĶֻʣΪλڴ˴֪޿ɲʲôõط
ͷģЩεüͷ鵽²һħй̽̽û뵽Ȼλ
ʣµĻûм˵Ͼ漰ϵʥˣԡû˵ĻҲ֪Ȼλټħǲתʵ
˵ºѹ˵ǣϾħ޲TǴڴ˵еϵʥ˵ķܽ˾ηܡ
˼ҪӼ֣ԭ򲻽СĹϵǳ̬ȣЩ׼λױʲô뷨
ףԪʱ·յʲôϢɫһãΪһƱζЦˡ
֣һЩ£ұͷٻȥҪϻ
ʲô֣Ȼмֺʡ
ûֻǱЩŹ֣游һԪ׼̫ӡ
ԪȻԪԪ¶־֮ɫ
ԪЩϵǰոյĻλãԪŪġȻҲǸոյ֮ǰڿ£ȻΪԪԪ
ԸǾȣСŪģ
ȵɫαü˵游Ӧһŵ˵ʮϴλͷ飬ҺýΪ¡
ĽΪ£ǸŵҲҵˡ°
۾һɫ˵ʲô
һɫԽƯŮԽ鷳ȻõȷЩ񻰣лԪ
߰ɣҲʶʶģۣתȥȻδ̤񾳣۹⻹еģȻóս񲻾ãΪ粻ȣʱ𾳵Ŀܡ
˵иĵطȣ˼΢ת¶ֺ֮ɫ
ոʶõѸ˼һ·
ʱ뿪ҡⲢδ̫ԶѾͬ޵Ķ麣



333 
տĶ麣, ˮˮμ, ·һϽ߷ָƬγһľ
ҡ, Ƭƽ޲ĺ
ȥԨ֮ǰԾѪΪһԼ, ׽δ, ˿Ѫ֪Էλá
ӱͬĽΪɿ, ֻҡû뵽ôϡ
ջǰѾ֪޲TΧװͿҪװʱȻԽ֪Խá
һ·, Ϊ˲˶ϣͨ޳ɱĨȥԼĺۼϵʥ˲˵, ޷̽Լм
Ȼܸ֪ĴλãȻ麣ⲻֹڡԳһЩơҡ֪ڶ麣λȴ麣һɹŹֵŤҲ޷̽ȥ
Ƭ, İ, Ƭ̺תϢ
Ϣֺ, ζȻ䵭, ̰, ·ؼ䣬ƺ⡣
һεɢ麣ӡ
ǡ޳
һ̣ҡ·˸ˣϵԱ룬Į޲󣬱䣬е
Ƭ̺ǹɢʧ£¶һ˿ء
ףû뵽ڡ
ڴʱһͻأҡը޳Ӱ˿̵ɫضޱȡ
ޱתֻһѩ׵۵ϢվҲ֪վ˶á
˷üò㲻һȥòʵ񣬷·⣬һ֮Բ
ȣǧ綼ƥУҡ⿴ʱ˼΢ͣԺֻʣͷո˵ĻԺ
ǰԣˡ޶ۡκع񣬳
Ϣ˿Ϊͨˣϸᷢ˷·Ϊһ壬Ҳѹûǰҡ˿ûвĴڡ
û˵һֻ֡
ҡϢԼʱ䱸ĶǾֻǲжֻѾǰüĽһ翰ͣ¡
ĶȻ⣬ֹ̬һ˿̻ڼʥϣҲȻϡʱҡⷴƽɫȻ
㲻£ٶȿڣ⡣
ҡⴽ΢̹Ȼǰԩ޳ΪҪ£
ˣȴز֮࣬ڣ᳹ɥʧԣعһζĿ׼ĵϸδ
⻰ҡɫɫ΢˸գʶĻ֡ʵԴ޳϶Ϊһ֢ˡ޳һĴǰġ˯״̬Ӱ𽥱
֮ǰǧ޳־ѣ»޳Уֱʶױ޳ɡѹҲܵ޳Ӱ죬𽥱䵭
飬޳Ϊ֮һ޷ҲӵС
ǰô˵а취ȡҡ˼ת̽
ɥʧʶȣ޳Ҳ㲻ʲôο֪޳ǼʥҪһ壬Լаѵ˼ֻβ¶
ܾ֮ǰɴཫϵǰ޳ֻԺͷһĪΣͷ
֮޳ڣ·ԺУϧǿ޷̵ĵ壬ֻܱЩӡ
иоһЩ壬»ᷢתı仯
ѵȤ£ұһΣ˼Ŀգ»ʱ
˵ָһ㣬ҡֻü΢عѾʧӰ٣һ˿Ϣδ¡
ʶüģûȲʲôһƮΪһϤӰ
ǧʱӰûпҡ⣬ĿңңĿʧķ
ҡͫ΢Ȼϲɫʥǰ
ʥʲôʱϵģ֪˶£
·𿴳룬ӰĿתصϣĨԴ֮ʱ£ⲻ㣬ֻθ֪ͬѰϢѡ
ƽĶۣһôѾ˼ӡ⻰Ǽ٣ǿΪ𣬼㼧ʥһֱҡҲ޷
֪ǰкμ̣ҡаɻ裬ûʶӵľ֪ʱѾʧ
ļ޳Ѱĺۼֱ˼ʥ֣мǶμ·롣
Ӱ·ʲôͣϴ˰Σֱҡľŵǧб䣬ұһʱһʱڱףʮպ󣬻㡣
ʲôҡĻ֪⡣
麣Ȼ⣬ǲĺȥӰָĿ麣ĳ
˵⻰Ӱҡ⣬ɢڶ麣Ͽա
ͬʱԶԴļʥۣ¶һĨ˼֮ɫ
飿飿ħǱߵĶ˲ǧ
ϣǸСѾͷܸҾϲ



334 
ʥһ仰뿪, ҡɫȴλĿΪûа׳Ե, ñػʧؼ, λϵõʲô
, ʥʱᵽ, ģ̬ȸͷۡ
ҡԺ˼ǧذת, ʵڴⲻλ˼, ֻʱ´¡
£, Ϸշȥ, Ϣ֮麣Ǳȥ
ŻĶ麣֮ˮ궼ܶˣиʴõġˮǰԵ죬ҡѬ, ǿ, ˮ˲Щʹ, 
Ǳף˴еĿĵء
ļ, Ȼ޹⣬ӿˮ·𱻺ڰûҡָһһŻʯŻǰȥ, ȦȦƽĺˮ
ɢ, ʱҡʶ, ͸֪ҵĵطһ˲쳣̧֮ǰ㼸¡
󷨽ڵ㣬һʧЧֳǰ
ƽҡ΢У̽뺣֮£֮¸֪һ磬ſͣס
ȻǽߵĴħͷ
ȻһСй
޳ڣƾһ˵ı£ʹľѪӦûʮҲǲط
û̫࣬ҡȡ˪Ӳýһͨ
ʱĽ⡣޳ġʾҡױͨ˽磬߽ڶ麣еħй
طйŹ֡
һйڣҡͲһЩԾǲԾĶȴ𲻳ͷ·￴һ˵ġߣֱ治쳣֮ʲô
йʳĺɫּΪªƺǴæ֮½õġ˵йȴֻһյĴڡ
ĸɸߵĺɫڵĽǣϻɫħơЩħƴԼйΨһװΡһȭͷӣӨӨ׹⣬յά֡
һķӣҡҪҵ˾ڳ
ӲǿĽһ۱ɫҺųص׻Եˡ̬ʣƺУ̵۽޸סеķâ
ûҡ⿿һ˺ɫĳǰǹͷңңָâڱ֮С
ɻǹҡɫ촽΢΢
ζһ۵𣬱ŽʸС
䣬ǹϳһͯӰʵ˫һɱ֮֮η
飿ҡ΢˰⣬⻹һμε飬ǹԣϸϲ顣
ζָĪ޳θڿ
ͯĿƶδ𻰣ʹɻǹȥ
ҡⲻŲæ
˵䣬ɻǹѾǰеĹ켣һĿռ϶
ҡ΢΢ȻϲĿռ伫Ϊ΢ǿһƬռ顣
ɻǹɱ¾ǹɱ֮΢¶ΧĿռͲѡǻطɻǹȻЩµȴòס˻ȥ
֣ܶһһǹʼš
麣ȫҵȻҲҵˣֻҡⳢԺ齻̸
ͯſϧĿ⿴һۣһԲı任˸ƣĿϸǹϡ
ǱȻףȴǺúŪġ
һƲɣҡⲢδɻǹϡ΢תͻȻ̧һУǿק
ǵã֮ǰ޳ֵĲ˵ӻʲôϲ
ΪĶۣӣԭޱ¶һ˿
ҡûвɫ̽һûзǹɲָһֱӡ
ȭͷӱ澹ȻһŻƶСɫʯ顣
ǣʯ飬졣ɨһӣûзʯ顣
ʱʯ滮һ⣬ŲһɹҡڵԪ
ûҡʯ龹ȻԶֹͣɣϰĳС
ⷬʲҡɫͬü
Ȼ仯ֹʯ飬һġ֨͵֧Ŵӱһɾ۶ϣռѣռ϶·һ˲Ҫй
¡¡
ûȿռ϶йȻˮѹֱӳƽ磬ȿֺӿĺˮû˰й
ѶյȥˣѿĿҡ⡣
ûҡ˵껰޾ĺˮû
˵𾳣նܳ裬οССĺסȻʱģпԡ
ˮ·㣬ĳӿȷ˵Сǡڶ麣ϿգȻܷϺһУ֮ԽԽ
֪ʱǧǰڤڶ麣ָǡƻ˶麣Ψһĺۣ¶麣ʯ顰顱С磬״˶麣ƽ⣬úˮȫ޹˼ɵӿС硣
ǧǰ۱٣ҡҲǱȻһ˵ǺʧҲ޷˳ġߡ麣
ȻԵҡⲢʱɿۼĺˮγ˺˵ˮѹΧγһյشǿ˵ںˮӿ֮ʾѾѹñ
ʱɻǹŻ֮ʣЯǾ߻Ե׼뿪ҡһĨʼչע뿪
κκˮӿʱֹ
ɻǹһӰҡüͷ壬Ȼѵתת壬Ӵĺλ÷仯һĪԾ֮ƽΧһоС
֮Ҳ޲ߡ
һһҹֹͣ麣ʧˮλ½ʮ֮/ţҲ˵аĺһӱһСˮݡ
̶̼ڣɻ𺣣麣Ҳήɺı仯ʹ麣ƽ⣬ʱҲע



335 
뿊Ϊ׻ɽɻ𺣲ͬ, 麣ı仯Ī, ֻܿһӴвɺˮ׺ɣ, ټĶ麣ʣһĺ
, ˲˵Ŀ⡣ޱ, ޵Ĵǰ̽ҪŪ麣ʧԭ
½麣ʱ麣֮ʼٸѾ뿪ޡ
ص̫ŵҡûоκˣϢҡɽȻ֪ΪʲôʥҪʱ䶨ʮ֮, ȷҪһЩ飬ľ/ʧȥƵ⡣
ҡɽĿȨҡ΢, ˲֪/λá
ʱ/һŮӽ̸, Ůò, ¿, ȻûˣϵϢȴҡ÷Ϥ
˼䣬˵ĶԻС
ɰѾ, ֻˡŮתˣ䣬˵ü۵ʹ, 
/۲΢, ׳أ
޻, һֱδټˡ
ҡѾ˵ʲô, ǧǰؿѣ̺޼̸֮£˵˼ʯĲϼռϣƲʯˡ
俪ʼ֮һǧ꣬ԭظ׽磬Ϊ϶й޵Ũϲ֮ǰ
ܶʱֱֻ۸ܵԼŻʯδأ֮һǲ˲ŲԸ׳ֱĸܵϡҲŻˡ
֮¡߷/˵һĶסĿһ裬˵ҡĵطȥһâ
ҡ̧һжȥĹʩʩȻ׽񻹴ûгֹ/£ôû֣ʶǡ
˿ͻȻֵҡ鲻һľҡ⡱ʹɫҲûжٱ仯·ԤŮгһĨε/ȣķӦΪҡ
ıҲľҡע⵽ŮӣȻֻڴ˺߼ۺüԣϢ⡣
Ĺλľ飬ϵ֮ޱȣǰȴżֲ֮ľε廹˼֡
ȻҲ뱾ΪУľҡ⡱·ûҡ˵Կڣһ룬Ȼ̧ϮŲ̊
һֹҡû뵽ŮҲֲʶ/ģʵͱŮһţ׼ȷ̨֮ϡ
Ҳ֪ʹʲôӣһӴŮüקһ߷â硣Ϣƴȣ֮ʵʣҡԾѡ
Ծǣʧȥ磬ŮӵݺϢҲ˱仯
Ȼ
ָݵˣȻǲ֪ٵĹȻѧĴʦ㣡ҡöױƵùȼ治òǰնɽ٣ֱڻ֪û˵ĹȼʧƣպյĹȻҲ͵ȥȫޡ
û뵽Ȼͷ̫ţ
ԭȼҲ֪ʱѾŮϣǧǰ״̺ᣬȻ̺Ǻ档ҪȻĻݣ̫£ҡķ/Ǣ
Ҳ˵ܾǰ̵˾֪ҡķ/⡣
ȻʱҡЩ²δȻȹ龪ȣ˿ǰȡ/硣
Ȼ֪絽ʲôֱͶˡڻ޵·ϣĶٲ֪ѾȹʱһǷ/Ķ֡
ľ/ȻѾʶǴӱָʶǰ뱾ԶӰ첻뱾֣Ǳʶţ޷˺塣
ҡȴûй˼ѾлߡĴ㡣޷ƿصķ/ѾǷ/Լֱ仯˰һ
˲룬пԾء
ۿҪ磬/һҡƳƤһ˲磬ס׹Ķ
ĺȻһö񷣣
Ƚ¶񷣣ԭǰľ/ѾûӵӰ١ҡϴǰΪҲ/һˮĲòȻɫ䡣
ķ/Ķҡɽƿ˲ֲ֡øո׷ټҡɽƿȨǷ/֮
ڸո/Ӵȡ˶ԡĲֿȨҡʶ־˭֪ҪӦ/һɾ޴ֱж˶Է/ĸ֪ơ
ҡʶ𵴣ƺһ͵ۣȻ
Щϲޣֱûһɣ޲Tռؾʹ/⡣
ĵЦŸһҡޱ鿴һԵĹȻ
Ǳȡߵ粻֪ʲôֻʣһڡ
ȻȻҲԼ״̬һ֧֪ﻹǺҡ˵ӪӪô꣬ͷͽΪ¡



336 
̫С, ȵڴ, Ӧŵ۵˼λǰкιɣ
ҡӸµĿֳŪ
֪ȻԲѿڶ, ʧȥѪɫҰܡ
˵˵, ̫кĿġҡ治ɫ£ոǻֻթթ, ýָͷ붼ܲ³Ȼ̫ű⣬֮ɾء
Ȼü΢, Ĭ˰, ĵȼλĹϵ, Զ֪浱ܽΪ, λ
ɫ䵭Ұ׵ʧѪĴһĨ޵Ļȣԭ񵭿µѩѸڣĨڽЦȥмֹұ
Ҽǵõ쾳ʩչһͨͨλйذɡҡ۲ᶯЩĪ
ûϸ˵ͨ, ʵһŮ˵ıӰʱΪǳ, ǸӰ㴭
Դʱ, ıӰЩ, ϸһȼҵͨȷ˱Ӱˡ
λıӰ޳һͨò˵뷨ҲʶͬѰĵطҡȼػвһĹϵ
Ȼ˼ȼһַȥġ
ԭѼλȻ΢㶣˸һ£Ƭ̺ŰٶǰҸĻݽ̫ţЩֻ£һͶ壬úĵӵݽҡɽ壻ǽӽ㡭ӽķ/ӷ/İš
ҡĻԺ뷨͸¶˲ѶϢ/ȲܣҡɽʲôöԷȤ
Ҫ˵ҡɽʲôֵעģҲֻµǸɽɽеЩ⡣Ǹɽһĺۼ̫Ű֮ǰѾס/֪ڡ
ҡɽʣҡĿ΢裬ĵôкջ񣿡
ҡɽʯһɫʮƯ˴⣬ϾϲݳޣϲЩĶҡɽ֮ˣǿʥйϢ£Щַ죬񾧡
ɽǿ񾧣ҡҡɽеƳġ
񾧳ǲʯϣĲϣȥҪĶ̫ţΪ̫ͣĽ͸¶ʱðͶϣɴ¡
/ȻĲּ䣬ЩԼģ񾧵·/¸ߵǰ񡣰۶࣬ķ/ӣ񾧵й¶ȥˡ
ҡɽ꣬Ҳ͵͵ȥرķ֣ȻҡҡͷЩʲôƵģ̧ͷҡ⣬˵ر̫ƺ˲񾧡
ҡⲢ񾧣Ͼո/ֻҪ֪֪̫Ҳ޷
ڽأҡ°⣬ô֪ҡɽнأѵڵЩŪģ
Ȼ֣δֳֻǻһתոմȡߵǺ
Ҳ˽⣬ȻĿ΢ɫЩӣû´ľꡣ
ľ׽ľ֣
ƺҡɻ͵ľǲ½ľľֲֻһľûģ൱ġ
ĲͬĻجȴܵʶµĺľ޷ΣֻľʽڡԼҲ֪游õһľġ
˵лһ˿ڽıϣľ겻֪ʱľڣȡĵ
һ֮壬ʷͨᱻΪһ壬֮岻ʡԾͷںģڽʸ塣
ϧҲİҲģΪǿľĺȼҴ벻ѣһΡʡ
뵽еļԭ㲻½Ȼˡ
ҡ״üȡһСƿݵǰ
Ȼ㶣ŶѵĽӹƿӡƿӼƿڵĶ¶һƿЦı飬ϵĽ
Сƿڣװ֮͵ĲȪϾССһƿȪˮ⾡ȥ
ǰɡҡ΢΢𴽣͵ʥĸķȻԴֲ޶Ӱ졣
˭֪Էҡҡͷƿӻлѣˡ
ҡüķ
ޡ
Ȼˣ㻹Ҫܾ
ǣ̧ۿҡ⣬ϹһĨЦ·عⷵհ㣬԰׵ϳһĨκ죬ǵȻǹᣬҶϲ
ЩͶ̥һҲ
ҡ⿴۾ĪмȻĹȻԲԣʶ޷˵ѣһʼ˶Էʶһ˿ϸ΢Ƥ¡
ʼգȻû˵ѡ̬ƺҲ˵ѻ
Ȼһٸߵһ°գȻϵԽԽҲ΢뾵ʥŮ죬ԡŮҲ˽⣬ѵķ/ĿַǡŮ֮ͬ롭
ԽԽϸţֻԼ



337 
ŮȻ, ҲԼ⣬֪ⲿйأûзϣ/⡣ΣҪ/, ϵԽԽɿء
ӣպǳ, μӣӵĻҡ˼λ϶һǣֻںǰŵȴŲ
ôһֱ/򽻵Ȼ/Į׽ӽദǧķ/ȣҡλʧǧܼɻ, һԻصҡɽһ仰͸ڵӹѾ䡣
һλķ/ߵýĺĵԼ䣬ֲ͸¶, ʵ㷣˼ǸǷ⣬λֱӡˡ
, Ǿŵʧְ, ϾŲСĻȨ
ʵ˵λйĵ֮Եλ, ȫҡ/, ⣬һùﲻţùȨҡ⣬ҹԼɱȨˣֻܰѴԼ
ԺͷҡĳĬţʵһֱȴûôࡣҡعЩü¯ƬѾȫѼˣ
Ӹո˵Ǹǹ¯¡¯鰢һֲٳ֣Ѹ棬Ʋʯ޲϶ˡ
ƬѾѼϣǰ̺ڼʽؾ¯ӽ͵ҡ/¯ֳСȤ񻻳ɱȷλǷ⣬ԲŻѯǷμӡ
ʵϣ¯ƬʮǰѾռϣ¯͹⣬޵ļһ̸ֱ£¯ٳ޷Ϊʵϲȥ¯ǿƲ֣ؾ¯ڱճ̡
ҡƲʯΪԭûôִ£иֵҪȻڵ˦ƹֻ¯ıЩ棬ضպνЩȤ
ʱһǰԺ˼תȦ˸⣬׳Ͽǻδأ
ص̫ź󣬱ԱչΪɽԼƲӦԨǸй¶˳
뵽ҡ˼Ǹ⡣Ԩƻң飬ȷǾ߰ʬϵǳ
Ϊʬǣ⻽һͬǰ˭֪淢ô⣬ǼʬǲһΪ촷ۣʬ޴档
ʱ֪δǺ£ûȥԨҲᾭЩ䡣
ǸιǸΣһЩ֣ϾԨֵ̫ͻȻû⿪Ϲ̫һźͰΪʲôħйǱʲô°ȥйģ
ץйˣ˼ȥܾĻ֮˲أҲħǼħ
Ȼˣʲôˣ
ųеħʳйأֻܾó঵Ӧûûô󣬺οǺħһġ
˳ণйδ
һľƣҡЩܣ˻ѵĻѾһЩ⣬ϧ
뵽Сһ꣬šüӣǰ׳ϳر֪ҡ
߸˺ҡС硣
Сǧ仯ЩɾϢӶ½а꣬СԣһϴڻɵĻС֮⣬½صıԵһƬɫ
ƬںȻǱҡߵĶ麣֮ˮЯͼߵɻǹҲǸ˴ǹС硣
ɻǹһսС磬Ǽʮʧߵ¡ǰ֮лԵ˵һħǣƣһԲ;Ϳɵɻǹ㽫δƵС顣
ֻǵʱɲѡ
ɻǹڵڤȻڤû飬Ϊ峤е彣ôסɻǹ
ʵϣԵҲֽ䱸Ȼ䱸ĲǺ꣬ڵħ顣
峤ָ·˿ֵܻıʡ
ԣ麣ĳλƵһΪˮ˾㹻񽫡ȻҡⲻжƺȲ໹Ҫ
ҡʵӲˮİٷ֮һˮ飬ҲǿűɻǹΪӣһܹסˮռ䣬޷뿪ˮ
ڣδˮռڡħʵ񾳣ˮռס´ࡣ
ڶ麣ʵǼ巨ҡЩԾ⣬뵽һЩ¡ǰڶ麣ڭȻһߵξСˣò˶롣
ڭų̫ħ޼֮ص̫껡ԯЩһǧܳΪ̫ħڭΪǧҲ˵ȥ
һͷֹֹסֻѯ峤ȴڣҡҪɵ˼ա
˼ǧ䣬Ѿ麣ˮռ⡣һۿȥһֱɿԲռ·ݰˮУУŵλãһĴָʯŵӫ⡣
ܵǿҡû뵽ȻһЩ;ʯϣʢŷҫ۰âܿϳüɫ·ھĪĥ
ºɫʹ޶
ʯһЩϲϧ仯ֻ˲ʱְܿʯɢĹҲˡ
ʯҲѯ롣Ȼǧ͸¶̸ͨ¶ֻƬҡȷʯϵ·ȷйء
֪ˡơãԹԼģ»ƣ˭֪տʣһĪѹƵʯҲ˲
ڵֻ֪ơҡȻЩ٣ȴӽ˶׷顣
ԭ޿޹ĵӾһֻ֪ѯȴֻ֪ǰʧ١
һΨһˡ
²˳£ҡϻ̫ţַ/ӣѹĸ
ɴҾͽһֱѹΪȥٰħϳȥ
صڣҡĿšݡˣ
ǵǵڿݹǳǷ𣿱ĸΪ΢󻹱һ鲻ô׽綦Ĺ彣ѡ㣬ɲħ泹ɡ
ѹȻ·ҳ㡣
ҡţȴ·һããһ˿ȴĪĵ׷
˺ðΣһۣۡѾһƽҲҲκ



338 
ҡվͼˡءİ
˷, λǾ, ·ʮûۣȻ, ʹزϢҲ޷
ҡʶΪڼǰ, ˭֪ڵһ仰ȴЩϡ
֪̫¼
ָϹ̫ŵǲᡶ̫¼һ˿ɫ̫¼ǼϹ̫ʷķʵ, ַʮֳټҲƼ¼ʷķ
̫ҡɽ½ںµġ̫¼¼ŷش¼
ɽ߱˵ղأϹ̫ŵͨص, ̫¼ҲСֻǱΰġʷҡЩ޷ڡʷܱȽϸȤ, ˲δ⡶̫¼
Ҫǣ̫¼ҪķŲܴ򿪣һ෨ǿм, һֱûд򿪹, ҲвƵ
ǡ, ɫЩء
ҡɫ˼΢ת, Сȡ̫¼
Ǽ¼ʷ, βƳģ״ķгƴС, ͨϽɰƣŵϹ׫С̫¼֡
ӹݹġ̫¼¶һ˿ظɫû򿪹
ӦҪ̫䡷˲ܴ򿪣ұûжҡ״ü΢еġ̫䡷Ϲ̫ŵĸ
û̫򿪣̫¼İݻ١ָ棬һעУʱָµġ̫¼㷺ȦȦһϹ⣬̫¼֣ڰա
·һ˫ε֣˽ϵġ̫¼ҳͣ
᣿ҡ˼ᰵᣬĪš̫¼ϲ¼Ķ
ʮֵ־ҳͣϢ֮ҳΪɫ򿪰־գм̫Ž⴫ܡ
ȻǲܼʷţȻգ֪ģ
ҡʣĿһ΢Զʱӣȥ̫棬һײŴ򿪰ᣬ㰵м־
ϵ飬ҡ΢ûȥĿתϡ
·з紵ҳҳһҳҳȻǣȴûгһ֡
û֣
뿴ϵݣҪķš
üšû֨˼Ƭ̧̣һѪϡ
̫¼ʱʢſհҳֳһ֡
ûҡѯʣǽͰ˼̫¼ɼҸƶɣҳԾѪЩЧ
˵ָỮҳͣͣһҳ
ȻˡĿɨϵ֣ɫһݣ̾
ҡ΢ǰۿϵݡЩǣ񷭵ҳȻйء
һдţľ꣬һСգ޾ųǾգʼ徻²ħ
вּͬһ߾꣬ͬħԨ䣬ħ𶯣
һдŷڣ٤ŵħͶѪħ壬ΪӴնɱ
֮Ϲţʱ԰ΪʮΪһֻأҲϹʱڵĵڶʮꡣ
ݣҡüøȲ˵ǰѪħɵ٤ŵħʾȻǷӵĵմӣϢʵ̫ˣ羹Ȼδй¶ѵǷŽѹȥ
ûǴ٤ŵħħĸףҲ٤Ҷ游٤ҶǺˣĸһһΪĺħ𣬶תתħϡ
֪ӵһ仰˼ҡ⣬ǿع񣬿Ȼİ
ӵü룬ഫӱǷˣһն򾳽ֱ׷㿪˷һ
˵Щ׽Ĺڷӵ¼˵ϹʱЩƼʻĴӶȻռһϯ֮ءϹڣӶռͷҲ˳Ϊʱʢ
Щ¾ƵˣͬѰӵͨʵȴ顣
ɫȻȻ͵ҡļһ𰵲дĶо˼֡
Ŵ֮ʣǡħʵ͹ȵʱ򣬲ΪʱħķѣΪͨħ壬˳
νδزͬԴ
ħϵʱһ棬ת˷ӡ



339 
Ҳǡýɷħ;ħʵΪǿԭ򡪡ڸԴħ֮ͨ
ҡüԽԽ, ĻȻէȥмֵǾƾдļ仰
ħһ棬˵ȥ㹻ޡǣ˭Ŵ£ħ޵У׽Ĺʶ
Ҳʶ㣬էħϵ֮ʣĲתɷӡҲЩ
ҡҡͷ, ƾ⼸䲻֧ҵĲ²⣬ӵк߲, ϸ⣬ֶܷǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ҡʱҲû֤², šüȥ
ǰұŲ, ΪһЩ¡
£ҡǿĵ׵ľѹ£׷ʵ
̫ڵࡣޱĵ, һʵʵѹӣ˲Ť˼֡
ƽնʾ, ڵչ¶ҡ⻹״οɫһ, ɻʵѵΪ컯Ƭ
ӿ֪˽̫ŵʵйѹָ߳޺ģ, ʵ
һŵʵ, ͨԸ߽ʿʵΪ׼λͨһ, ǿ, Ƕһ黨ǰ켫Ϊλǿ򣬱϶ΪԽһĶ״
ŵ֮ϴĵλΪλȻΪȼʧ٣ŵֻλ𣬵Ϊŵ۵Ƴɹһڵλβơ
̫ŵơޣλ𣬼ϰһλ׸֣ڵŵۻҪࡣҡ⿴ߵΧǰ̫ڲƺһЩìܣϿλǿ̫ţ޼˵޵һ
·𿴳뷨˵ڱٿأЩ˲ں֮ڣҽ̫ϣ
ҡĻ˵Ϲ̫Ȼ̫ͻȻˣֻ컯ƬǵĻЩ̫ǣǿиԭ
ѵйأʶ뵽˸ոյĽ̸ݣȻ̫Ŷʢ֮ʣŵʵѾǰҷŵԶޣƵ̫ڣ
йأǰ㡭˥̫ڵıӦͬһΪ
ƶϣҡһԨħ𹬵Ǽʬ壬ħ棿
Ϲ̫Ź˵źͰʬȴħ𹬣±͸Ρ˼·ƺЩط˵ͨˡ
ΪǷʲô˲ŻȥԨֻǲ֪ʲôˣȻǶ
λԶ֮ս䣬ƻӦˣüĽ壬ָŰϵһ֣һСգ޾ųǾգʼ徻²ħᵽġС±ǹؼ
ҡ˳ĿעӰϵݣ⻰ָǸС߻ħȻ޾ųǣ
ᵽνСԺв֪ΪɻǹӰѲɻǹ飿ԣ޲TɻǹԪˣŻָ
ӲҪ˵ʲôƵĵط֮ǰħΪ޸ɻǹ飬ռѪ֮Բ٣߻ħ޾ǳ౻¾һ
Ȼûмɻǹ飬ƾҲܿ뵽֮ǰħΪռѪ֮ǵ¡
ɻǹħ֮УЩƺй˼
µҡҲԼħħĴħյ⣬ƺݷһӴǰǰǵĶԽԽ󣬺ܶۼѾ޷֪Ĩˡ
ħΪƫƫҪԸ̫ţЩ̫ĿôҪԸӦôס
׿ŰᣬͫȲħӵĹϵħ޵УǹɰصħйأԷӲΪ档Ļδʤ׷Ȼѣվֻ˥˶ѡ
෴̫ħ岢޹̫Ħȴ֮֡ȲìǱԵʣĻò̫Ŷնݳ
̫ģǲһ̫ռ⵽һЩڶԷĶ֮
˵Щܵƽ޲ȴ·ŷ֮ƣ˱
һ˲ҡȻˮռԵһֱðּΪƵʣǸղŵ̬һŵķâľ
߻ͬǰ߳أºŵʾˣߵĮ棬Ӳ˵Ŀ⡣
Ҫλ幫£Դ֣ⷽջ񡣡ĿƺʲôɫĿ˵
ҡⷢԼʧ̬һ治ɫ׵һ˵飬ٸ߰׳ϡ
ʵڰ˵źħʱһ£ֻǣ漫㣬δ͸¶ˡ
޳׽ε֮ʣ׽缸µҲγһȻ󣬴ֻ֮ȻγɣΪۼ
ȻںġǿңȻȴ׽ã޴֡
Ԩ˵ʱҡ뵽󡪡Υ׽ɵ󷨡ȻͬԴ֮
׼Ĺɣͨ޳ĸ֪徻¡ħԨ޿ϬؾСɽؾطǴڵ㡣
طؾ׻ɽ緢ǸڵӦѾˡ徻ºħԨһǷҪĵطһħҪĵطڵѡֲ֪ʲô



340 
̸ⷬ, ҡж˼ּƽϡһ޿˵ħ嶯, һѰӰ⼸ؾоͰϬؾСɽؾ
޷뿪̫, ȥؾ̽һ
ʱһξ͵̺Ὺʼӣ޸˸߲ǰ̺, ֤¯ʢ
ǵλʵλã̺ǶûʸΪⳡʽĵص㣬κ¯顪꣬Ҫط̺⣬һȺ߳ƵĴҲֻƨߵߵĸ̺ǡ
֪, ¯ض챦Ȼƾ˵޷ƿأۼʶһҲǺõġ
ҡѰľ/޹Ҳֻڴ¯ؾ۵ʽܷصĶ
ڶ̺֮, ׽, һħĺӰϿ׽硣
ǺӰڣһư㲻׽ľ롣
ʯû뵽˽羹ȻŴħкȻһĲ, ħٶ˶ݵĳ͡
˿ͺ󣬱ħеĺӰԸٶȷ׽硣ںӰʧ󲻾, һӰس֮С
Ȼ׽硭޳, һ漰ѾͷֲܻᷢԤ֪ı仯Ӱҡҡͷ, Ҳ׽ķȥ
˵֪, ʱ̺һտĿյ, 㼯޸ĴȺΪ͵ĶǶɽڸ֣ô߽ʿϢһйѹԪʿ̱
ӵģһСŮһλŰ۵Ľӡ
վ⽨ķ̨֮ϣǰһԲξ޶̨ĸһصʯ޶Ǿ޶ʯ񣬶ǰ鰢ķԸġ
ȻûԴǿҲպϰɡľ޶ġӡ
Ļ·üЩĵĿаգ
귭˸ۣߵң˭޸¯
˵ָһԤ׵Ľһػ޶ڡ
ŻǴӷ𡪡
һ޶ڵĶĸһɫƣŶϵƶ˹ŤȵڳӰ
ЩӰھ޶ϿգϿյĲ񷶼𽥻Ϊ֬ɫ
һΧĦ˲ɰ棬ڳ֮˶׽ŵϺŵڼʶ񣬵һֻǿ·
Ҫ֪޷ľ󣬶޶ʯˡƤ¡õģֵĵطЩԵʣֻһط¯鰢ꡣ
ȳȥʱյģɫĿ޶ߵ·˵
΢㶣ЩǵԴ̾Īǿ
˵˲ҪԴҳ߾ΪЩˣϵ˲ƹĵͷҵ̧֣һӣɾͽ·˸̨
ⷬ赭дһӣڳٶȺ鰢ʵǰȻЩƴӵζΪ¯ݣʱּͽߣȻʵ˵ϡ
ȺУҲֻڰҡɫû¶ɫڻУʶֶΣλ޺Сʵɲ֡
߰꽫ཱུצӾٹͷϣĴָָһɫС¯ӰͻأϷ
ڳ֮˲ԼͬһͣĿתĿųɫС¯
Ǵ˵ٵغ¯ģ
û˵Ŀ⣬¯ƬͶ޶СʱɫС¯Ӱһ£һȦĲΧǡٽʯλáʯβɨһâ޶ϡ
˿̣Ⱦ֬ɫĻӿһմ־Ǵأ޵鲻졣
˽ע֮ʣָһӡ·ڣһΣԾ޶С
䡱Բξ޶ŤΣڷӰھ޶Ͽգʯγɵ̨һռ䡣
˻عֻһһռıεľ޶
˭Ҳ屻ľ޶Σ˭Ҳֻܰ½ĬĬȴ
֪ȥãҲֻмϢҲüʱ޶ڴһ죬ʼҲ󣬾޶顱һ£ըм
һźĳɫС¯촷С
С¯ֵ˲䣬һֻƴƿռֻС¯
ۿƾҪץС¯ȴ·ʶ㣬㿪˾ƣɵ̨µ·ǻС
·ɫصı¯ƣ߻صŰԾ޶ǰµһ仰
ӴԺʵĳ¯ߣܻһԪ˵ǻټһ졣
һߣȺеҡšüƣʮ⡣
ȻأһλУ
֪ǣעյֻʱһλڲ½Ȼ󲨵ħѾ׽磬Ŀⶢ



341 
Ƴֺ󲻾, Ʒӿ𽥻۳һŮӵӡ
, ԽˡƻûɵȻ, ̺Ǹ˵඼йû, ܿƵĲ˼¡
·ǻӦ, һ, ӦǰֻƵ, ¯֮Խ֮˵˵¯ġء
˻һ, һ
ꪡİءȴҡҷ
ȻڿڸкȲԶŵۺͼʥ, Ϊ¯֮, ̺Ǹۼ߽ʿ, һءֵĺ, Щʮȴ֪λݡ
λʥˣ
޷Ҳ, Զħ涼иļ, šһʥ˽պȻԻݣɸһźš
λʥˣҲҪˣ
ʥ³, ɻ׽ľ˷, ѾдѶŻ, 㱨̺Ƿ
˹עλʱ, ˷ȺĪ˸ˡ
ͬʱһħֵĺӰس̺⣬һ̾ˣ
С仰˲ûΧУȻеľƺƻûȴһͣƬʱ˲ͣס
̺飬ΪߵͶסʱͣפںӰ˵껰һ˲
ħʱеľ͵Ӱ
ƻûѸСһΰʵİɫŮӡŮһԲӰھƺ󳯺Ӱ
㣬غʥŮǱħĺӰһЦħһΪֳһģһӰŲæսŮӡ
ӰΪغʥŮɫһϹ
ϵʥ˳֣ನ˲ҪƬʱգڰŮ˸磬ס˵µˡ
񷷺һ첨׽ա
̺͵ʱ»ָϵľѾʧת˲ʱ̺ͣǶ˺ֻм¶˼顣ڳ˭Ҳ֪ǰֹһλǧġħ
ҡⱾһעգ˭֪ȻǰһѾһİĻ
ƣɾ˳Ծǣ˵ص֮޼֮ػҪŨ֡
Ϊ𾳵ĸ߽ʿ׾ٱ°ҡмָӣֻû㷢ǰվһλϤӰ
ǰһɻĿǰˡ
һ䣬һɢϢؾǰ
ʮˣڱȥա
ⷬҡͷԣ򴽣Щɵˡ޶ۣǰԡ
Щһһǰա
ʥɨĿͶȾӣ⻯ֻأϡ
⻯ֻأҡԺлһ˿ͷĿ۶Էŵʵ֪Ĺеʮй
Ĺôʥ۲΢ƺʲô䣬ǸĲдƷˡʮǻþռ䣬ȴСǧ硣
ҡ԰һȻСǧ磿С绹ǴڷڵĲȱ磬ʥóһѾܻСǧıĿ֣͡Сǧ粻١
ǰ˼ȥҡǰν˸ߵؾǸӵĵƣϢ֮Ҫǿʢ֣һɨѾ𶯡
ʥûд𻰣ָһ㣬ˮһȦȦǿܳٴֻأȥա
˵գûҡлعһĪֱӽ뾵СӰȫʧھ֮ǰһӰһڡų
һ䲢δʹʥ¶֮ɫ·Ԥϡ̧һУڵϻԵİǿʯġ
Ķϵ۽һƺѵļ
µֻħȻ׽磬㻹뿪աʥ֪ﻹ˵ϵֻ̧һһʱ϶
ʱȿֺѷӿһֱĬɻǹѸײڶ֮ƾϵ˾Ҫӣָһ˴ǹӿʱ϶У˲ʧ
һʱ֪ʱһħ嵽ʼ£ʱ϶Χһʵĵͺ
ʥһָһħɲǼɢһħ
ưиħŴڵصվãκ̾Ѱֻôڻ磬Ҳ֪޳ڣܷɢ硣
ħǧ绢ðħɹɱΪħ¾޲T½ֻħѾгﻮʱ



342 
Ÿʩ, 죡ȥ˿ɾûˣһڵ꺺ӳкˡ
ؤȿֺⱼ, ȥ˾͸ϲϲʩȺŮ˺, Ƽ, ľǺӵĻ, ľıЩ仯, бŷȵĹ⡣
㣬㣡һСؤһһؤ, һʩĵط
Сؤ, һǼûдӦСȺȥܿ͸ϵ˲ʩĳϡ
, ǵʱʩǰѾ˳Ķӡ
˴Լһ, ڼʩСؤʱ, һȺŭǡùΪ׵Ǹɫ, 벽֮Ǹűӵĺ¹λ޵ṫӡ
һµ˼Ⱥ, æǰ, һĹ, , С㡭
û˵꣬Ϊ͹ӵӴȼعǡ
⵭ȻǻλǲԾ͸ȶĳϸ룬޺µŮε¶ʧɫΧŶӵȺ˹ӵʩ･û죬üҿЩˡ
ǸԻ˼ʩԼСȺԱߡ
Ÿ˼Ϊ࣬ԼȺڳСؤЩн֮²㽫򷭣ΣͷСؤΪһСؤסϧϡ໹һ롣
Сؤĵ㣬𣿡ΪйڳǸûΪѣֻǰȤ뾯˵˾䡣
СؤΪڵϵۣ⻰µˣŶӵ״Ҳ۷׷ס
ź˵Сؤ񣬡ԣԲ𡭡
ӣ˵ûǼΪɫ벻˶СȺŻһʶ߿һۣ۾һյǰ˵˼仰ǵʩķ˼ۡ
ܿߵСؤǰøո˵Сؤ̧ͷСؤȻ̧֣ͷ
ڵӪһͷҷϡɻƣӲݡƵСݵΣĵ˫۾¶
Χȣ۾һرɣƽ
һ˫ۣԡ
ϧ˿СؤʧӰ٣±ɲ۵Сؤ
ӵĻ£ֻԼ˵ļۣ硰۾ϧȡ
վĺŮĿһֱ׷ĻǸСؤױݾµһĨ޵ЦʵһûһµĸŹıӡ
ܿ죬Ⱥ뿪ϡ
ҹһӰ䣬ϢЯһʮĺ뿪
ŰֵһŻ£վһˡ˵ȵЮСؤĺӰЩ˵ץСؤ̣ȥˡ
ˣĪץӰˣС˵ϲ۾ɤӡ
˵־ҪȥСؤ۾֪ʱѹСؤΣҪ
˲뷨Ƕס°֪ͣͳһذףͷʱѪĽĽģʹ.
Сؤ˭СۣⱲã±ӼǵͶ̥
˵ֱ꣬ǰذСؤֻ۾ҵʹСؤ鴤£ʹ˹ȥ
ǶеһУ׼ӻظӰȻмӰ
ЯСؤڻӰ£˿һү
ҹзӽŰ¹⿴СؤĲ״üЩˡ
¹λүòҲ¶˳ԭҲǰȺȺеһԱ
ЩĽСĻޱĿŻȥСؤˣý֦
ǡ
Ӵ뿪ȻŲ΢٣һ仰ҼǵСؤиͬ顣
ֻĪ仰Ѿδ֮⡣
Ӱܿʧڻ£µ˶ذײ/Сؤࡣ
Ҫһ˳ʬǻ
СؤҡܿڵСǧ硣ľǰȥ۾͸ͷ·ʹ
Ĺʮ̫һڸʵ̬ʮһʼӡ˼䣬־㹻ǿ󣬱ͻƷӡ
ļʶ״̬״̬֣Ƿѳĸ˸˸ͬбϲŭʹȴ޷ƿ塣
ԹߣһȷӡֻظĥСǧսʱڣƶ˼ңһüֻʣӣһ·룬òӵ֪ô
ݽ棬ֻᵽʵĺ塣Сǧû㹻ϢΪʲôɥ磬ܿԵɡ
Ǳҵ˾䡰۾úãϧǸСؤͱŸСסˡ
˵仰Ȼ֪⡣֪һ޿Сؤ̫ˡ
ҲΪ֪ʵСǧ磬ҡЩƽǸȻֵүҪǸСǧΨһĵܵɱڡ
˵һ·Ȼйٲۣ˵һ˳ġ۸࣬һͱľʵܣ޲ٽǸСǧ磬ЩŪͳͳĥһ顣
ƺ֪ʱƽûͶһСǧ磬ǽһ޿ռ䡣
޿ռûʱţҡãһʼķ̨ľƽ͡
վڸߴѿµHСǧֻƽӰ׽ĴǧӲпᣬǿʳǿΪ򡣶ǿѵõĲƶ򣬶ά
ǿȨֻһʱѹԶȲù˳ƶΪ
⣬޿ռһҡ㱻ͶһСǧ硣



343 
Сɽؾԭڲϲ, ֮սޱķ, һС½׽磬ܻΪһؾ, ؾСɽ
͡СɽؾڵĴ׵֮һɽʿȥĿܡƽ̣һȴ˺üˡ
걻ֵ͡ʱʷĪļ䷢ë˵֮սʱ˵һλס
ʦ壬ǻǳȥɡһ΢΢Ů, һO@Ų
һܿ𣬡ʦ, ŲӲʦҪô
ڷˣʼǸŮЩյĴ
̫͡Σգ뿪˵ءгȺ, ֮Լ˿еʦ塣
ʦ壬㲻һߣһתŮ, żֲ졣

ȺǷ˳ȥʱ˲Զ׹
ŵ۵겻ɢµĿ걧Цһ, û뵽ˡ
һбһ֮ˡ
治ɫĴ˼ŵ۵Ⱥ, תͷξĮȻˣİ·˰ˡ
ɫЩ԰, ɫȴѪɫͫĮǰྶͥ
ȻΪŵ۵˸ߣǲδԼмǰȺӵʦ巢β棬һԴͣ
˼״Σܿ׷ŵ۵ˡ
Ϊ׵ʦˣͫ΢ڳͣ˼Ϣʱ䣬ΣĪ˵Ȼڴ˵λ
ɫۣŵһĻƣòʣüһ֮
һ꣬Ѿ׶ɽˡξ΢ұ¶ЦЦɫŵ۵ļλŮĿѣԣĲܿ
еѣҲǰӣǵ׵ع׾âе̳˾âĹ֮һǧһǮĶ쾳󲻾ûǼŵۡôȥѾʦУŵ۵λ͡
츳ߣ׽ĶŻһ࣬ڶ̶ǧڽΪɽٵŵ۵֧Ѳ˸ϵʵϵŵһӽʥ˵ĺǰɽ٣ػ׽硣
ֻع鼸꣬ļ׽˲С
˵ЦΪλǰʵڲֵһᡣЦĿȴԾͶûгĳϡ
·ûע⵽ߣɫĮȻɨŵ۵ˣһһȺԪӤС֪͡ν
ƼǼĿŵ߷߲ѣֻǰΪΣԭǼξ۵Ůޱôһ˵Ҳܿջ˸˼
Щ޹ص߰ɡξüһӹ˼ɫ˵ųһסǰȥͽŵ۵ǵıӰ㶡
ʶö˵ŵ۵ɫֵĿ뿪ķɵλӦðգħöô
˵ģȴ⣬üɫ΢Ŀŵˣҽ͡
ȥԺͥӣʦֶǻϡתͷԼڳΪߵ꣬Ը˵
ѵ̬ǿӲĽͳ͡ŴҴҸϻء
һߣ֮ɫ͡ŵ۵˷ֿһ·ռУɵ֮
뻹һơ
ξų룬Ȼ˵˾䣬һۻһĹ⡣
ֻǲ֦ˡĳ۽΢
۵Сɫɱ˱ǣöһЩѪ֮ξбĵ˵˶٣ĪĪ᲻Сӣ
ؿһۣƲεԶˡ
˵Ѿ˴еĿĵء
һڲԲˮ̶ðΧĺһ𣬲ʱʴռġڡ
Σ˲δ¶ɫƺԴʮϤȡһѪСˮ̶С
ѪСʮɽʿľѪɵѪ֮ˮƽˮ̶˲տķˮҷڣʱˮƿһ̶ֱͨס
ֺͨûɵ̶̤ס
˵Ӱʧ̶׺һɫӰسˮ̶
ԭȥŮɰɴһ˫ˮ۲졣˼֧óͨʧǰԾ̶ס
Ҵһص͡δһС͡ĺ󣬱һĪĲһȥ
ʱСɽؾʼ𶯣·ʲôѡͲȶؾֿռ϶Ϣ϶Ͻ˿϶Ŵ



344 
ˮ̶ºȻһ, Լн沢ʪұ洦ɼħ޲ʾŶħ塣
˲, ᳵ·Ųڵһʯ񣬽žײһ鲻۵ʯϡˮĻ㵴ұ̽û, ȶӰڣұ𽥻ָ
ұһͷƺһƬ, ޹磬һɿʱ϶ռָ룬ʱ粻˺϶
Ũħ϶ɢ, ֱһӿ˺, ɢؼ䡣
϶, һħ۳ɵĺӰ˺ħ£ͣѭ
ż, Ӱ, ھӰԼɵλͣ¡
ʧˡħд, ƵͳĪ˼֡
ʧôûбס, Ȼ˵һʼҾûɹ
˶ԻȻǵһμ棬ϵǳ
ʧȥĻᡣħӰ, ƺΪź
̧, ˸, ô˵лᡣ
һǧǰҡõһħŸͼֻѼʧĻħطȴⴳŸصĿռӰƺڿռ޷ȥУ֪˲ܣԼϵĸ׳ঽħʵܣħŵԨԴħȡ
뿪Сɽؾ󲻾ãħ壬ѪɱռѪ֮Ѫ֮Ӱ
Ӱ˵Ǻ˵໥ãҺӰƻĵ̫ǿʼջнġ
ǰӰ˵޳ħ汾ԴռΪУɿܣǻĿġ
ħǺιϵվԵĳξȻڡ
͡ӺӰõħϢħӰԣ͸¶ѶϢвѿħԨԴ
Ӱûд𻰣ǡȻֻħû٣ܸоóעĳ
ξħʶɨȥֻһɴİŮͻأ֡
㣿ˣһƺЩȡ
ŮӼϳԼȻЩ⣬ǳ΢΢⣬ĿͶӰû뵽˴ħħԨҪʤֲ֣ܹӲдôꡣ
Ӱûļż죬֮壿䲻ģҲʤޡ
˵ڷֳһħ㼤Ůӡ
ŮӣҲ¿ߴָᵯָһطźİâֱײħħ˲ķѡ
ģѻδ˵꣬ѿһ˿ħ˳ŰŮӵָڡ
ħһ壬Ůһ˫Ŀ΢صڵأƺ㯻С
ξ״Ŀ⽻һ˲ԼͬħӰ֡
Ӱ䡱һ£ħͣʼʩųħǡ
˶ĬĸԷųһֻƵħ棬ֻħ῿ħ콫ħһ
ӰһͨЩƣɽξֻǱҪࡣ˽ǰΪ˶ԸӰ׼ͨȻҲ
ڶӰ֮ʣձξõİŮۡѺҲ໰ȡһֻԲӰȥ
Ѹپξó˾ﲻѣʱ˵ʱҲûпڶԡ
ֻԲײӰûʵħӰȦסʱӰһټУԭԲסӰ󱬷һȦĿââħѩⲻڣӰڶ̶̼ϢСһȦ
ƽⱻƣ˳ʤ׷ӰҲ
˴򶷵Ķֿ̫ռڵʱ϶ǵѷԼǱನ䡱һըһĪ϶Ķӿ
է𣬲ǺӰǳ˶ʱ֣ȶ
ڴʱӿʱЮһӰ˽
˰³ͫ죬δһֱѹڳ˴ξɫ䣬彩ֱ
媣ͶӰ׽δҲ̫ˡ̧ۿħӰĿ΢ճһĨ޵Ļȡ
ӰϢȻһ䣬·ʲôȻϣԭûʵħԼܼһӰҲЩı䣬Ѿףʮ֮һδָɲѽ
Ųεֻ⣬ӿħԼֻܿѪɫħǡ
Ϸɲͬӵء뿴Ŵʱ϶гֵˣĿĻһ˲һƸӵǲᣬƽѡ
Ѿƿǵ޲T媵Ļδ𻰣̧һУ˲佫ξץĵɣһƱԴ
ʱʵʮһȴ̫߳࣬ǰ󣬺޷֮
ץס֮ʣںȻӿһΣյĲ
ħӤԱ
룡
˭Ҳû뵽˸ɴ࣬һ뱻ץĳξĿѣ˫һƬ
޲Tǹɲ֮ʱֻŲæһħڣס͵ħӤ
媣̫Ȥˡɨۼ媵ħͶӰһ˫ӿһƹץֻ֮ʧ
ʱվһû¿ߴ˺ȻһöɫСӣһ쳣Ũħɢ
޲TͶӰؿ˵ﱻӡ
ħֵ˲䣬һĲԴݿ֮ϯռ䣬Ƭռ˲ѡ
֮ͶӰ߳һͶӰ⣬κλһεĹ֮ͶӰϣͶӰ˲Զ޵ı嶼ǣԴ֮һʮ֮һ
һߣ޲TƺҲܵӰ죬˦ɫʧƬϾҪ̮Ŀռ䡣
ǵϢʧϵʥ˶޷ֿĹ֮·ĳ־Ϊħйص



345 
ɫ׵ĳξɫӲ԰׵ĳ룬ҪƬϱĿռ䡣κԴʧ, ͨ˶Ҳ, ·, ƾƸ޷򿪿ռͨȥ
Ůü΢, һˣǴĿռ䡣
˻صԭħŸξŮӵл, ɫѿĹڵؿŻϢ΢, 롭
ȡԣȴûסȳһѪ, Ұ׵˫ϸһĨκ, ɫͫгһɻҰ֮
Ůӹ, ס֣ɫЩ, ħӤѾȫ顣
ԪӤһ, ħӤħĸ, һ˺ءոȻûԱɹȴǿֹħӤѹ, Ѿ֧, ϱԴʧѩϼ˪
, ҪС, ȿȡ·ûĻ, ǿעűĳξĿڡ
˵ξ򱡴ɫֵ󱳣ʣ޼ħԪڣӻơ
Ҫȴ޷ֹֻܿҪ׷ң֪Լơ
ǰߴʱȴ·ЩʲôɽȡһСƿƿǣһŨܵԾ˼֡
ȪŮϳƿеĶӹһ˿ɫգʧ
ξû˵СĽƿеĲȪιСƬ̺󣬺ߵɫڲһʼǰҰֽˡ
ˣ˵ɫδ෴ܵء
ȪǶħӤȥѺɼ
ڴʱһ쳣˳գһ̣һӰЩǱĳڲԶ
ĿţţǸȻֵӰҴߵǰšüűξڻĳ룬˺£ˣ
ξõĿһۣܺԼ¡˵ţ뿪
ţҪȥģסüͷø
ξӹһ˿ɱĿ·һˡ
ǿ½󣬵Ȱ硣
ȥҪȪվһԵİŮ侲ĿڣȪѾ޷ơ
ξ·ɫÿ£Ȫã취
ʲôˣĵĿʵ
ħӤ飬Щѵа취ξĿĿżֳŪȻΪа취
㶣ڳξ׼뿪֮ʣȻ˵а취
˵꣬ȡһ
ﷺ͵âողȪɢϢΧԾ˼֣Ǵһ֣ŨüҪΪҺֱ̬ܳһС
ǣξĽŲס۾һ˲˲ĶĶ
ǿ鷺âȭͷľ壬Щ࣬ǾâıԴѪ
һ仰նȻ˿ǿ龧Ŀòһʮ׵ʵԲ˵ħʿɱȣ֮ԴѪкӴâľ֮ףǰ̵ıԴѪгŨϢȸոյĲȪҪǿٱ
˵ǾâıԴѪξܿһʼľϲѳЩɵĶ
Ҳ׵ع֪ùâĴУõľâĹâıԴѪǴģ
Ĺ֮սâڴ˴͵СɽؾǻĹս֮һд˵һλףû뵽˵Ȼġ
֮ǰ͡һɲҵ˰ߺǺ龧壬ײ
һʶʶľ֮׾âĲʶʶеļʶ㳹ɢˡҲ˲ʶеļ䣬֪ǿžǺ
Ҫңɫ뵡Ŀиֳ֮ɫ
׾âıԴѪ̶Ȼ˵Щ飬Ը⽫Ķ
ξ۵һ˿⣬ǰڳĸͽˡѹĵ׵ӵĿⶢǰˣҪʲô
ûмƽĵ⣬ľΪ룬һ͵ǰ͵׵ıԴѪ̺̫Ӵȫÿ»鲻ܲ
ξӹİ龧壬Сι
ǾڼǾѪȴûζһɵľ㡣ѪӴ޸ųдסħӤϳˢħӤϵѺۡ
ɫ𽥻ָѪɫֻüβƣ̬ʹ׵ıԴѪ޸ħӤҲˮĥḶ́һͣת
Ҳ˵õˡ
ξɫȲʵΣ
ף׵촽һ㻡ȣܻ˭Ҳţ̧һԵĿЩӣл
߰ڰ֣˿˵ñá
Ǳꡣ
һöɽ˵Ķӣৡһ˦ǰæֽӹЩɻĿɽķ
ʼٸȴվԱûİŮӣѯʵ֪γƺ
ξڲż뿪Ҳ鿼ˡ֪ǰİŮǸ˵еĻ֮壬Գ¿ߴˣֶ˵⻰Ҳ֮̽⡣
ŮݲֶĪ⣬֮ǰסӰԲ˵ӶŹƺħ涼˿
壬ϵģŮԼ֣ûѯĻᣬɨˣ׵˼ˣǡ
˵꣬ӰȻãʧԭء
ٵѣЩ㻹ûȥɡɽͻصξǰöɽװϣȻֵȲ׵ıԴѪôණһֵѾࡣ
ΪʦһۿЩҪƲۡ
ֻó׾ѪıΪ˾ˣǽЩͱζ
ξ͵ɫħʶɨɽ䣬ǰ˵Щﲻ°ɡ
ѣɫ΢ͣɽЩӲ˰Żع򴽵ˡ
Щ֣ξУһӳһ˿ΣյĹ⣬ۣҪʲô
ԸΪ֮ҪʲôꡣЦ˵
ȻˣҸһϢգǰһһ˿ȣশɽڱᶯ֡
ɫȻһ䣬˵Ҵ뿪
ɽŵ۵Ľأһλɽǰλʱ뿪ɽŵֻм֪ΪǼеһΪλмֽ֪ġ
һߣֻʣˣξɫȻĿ絶ĵų룬ҧгݵ˵ħӤԱ㳤ˡ
ֽšüĽ壬Щµ˵һ˲Լȫ˼ȻعѾ޷ֹˡ
ʶǺӰһ죬Ī˸еľӺӰħĽ̸ҲõһЩѶϢӰֻһм媵ͶӰ岻׽磬Ѿס
ȥǸ¿ߴˣ֪ණξҲ֪ħӤԱΣĵ侲
ؿһۣ򴽵㻹˰ɡ
˶˻óȻȥ͡ȥ



346 
ȴ˵ǸԳƲŮ뿪Сɽؾ, ˸ǰһ֮š̤Żڣ˲䱻͵׽
ʦ𡣡
ǰϥһλŮ, Ϻ̻, էȥ·һĵܡ
дջ񡣡ص, Į·䷢κ¶޷ݡ
ƽĽеľһһʹǰʦ𡱣Ҳܿ˹ϵ, Ӧͬһ
ͬĮӣȱеֻʦΪΪ, Ϣ翳Ȼһ
廽ΪʦİŮݾ, ò֮ҡ಻ضãǹȻֵĳȻ, ʹŮңɼò˵Į飬Ҳֻ̫ʯˡ
ǧǰ׸գҪҡ֮ĸǰ, ʱ̫д֮, ̶ǧ꣬ľ׽澳, ǹϢϺϵʥˡ
Լ̫֮, ʿΪ, Թ֮ĸ֪ҲΪС
ȻкôȻҲб׶ˡǣ̫Գѣֻʣ±ͬһ·
̫Ҳᣬħ֮Ը޲Tͼʱʯ治ɫ·ֻǼ΢С¡
ʱѹǸħ׽ҲܵõϢϢ֮ˡ
Ȼָı
Ͼ粻۵ЩʦǸħǺƺΪóġ
㾳δСɣǷְħټԶԶܿաʯ诲δشӵĻֻѵö˼ѵ롣
֪̫һļʯױ˹ƻʦ֣µĸ룬ò϶˼ء
ǣ״˵˶٣ֵʦλǺδ㣿
Գ֣ʯҡҡͷӿеλ࣬һתλҪƲʯ
λѾ´£ع˶ñơ
û¯

ʦͽ˽̸ʱ޵ħӰҲǲ½İħܻĳϿۣ߳˽Ĺ֮Ȳ¸ƣ
Ƭ̺ȻĳȣѪ
һߣմİ˲һƿ̽Ŀ⣬ʶѭĿ˵ķɨȥ
˲䣬媵Ӱǰ
ףһ壿ߴӰƵϣñħһ䡣
ĻǰеĲ⣬˲ԼͬԶݶӡ
Ȼδ֣ƾԷɢǿϢҲƶϳҲĶ֣Ӳâ֮㡣
жȻԼƤߣһֻħֱ̽ӽܵħС
ʵСɽؾͶӰҪǿٱֹ°Ѿ񾳣Ҳһ֮УʵȲϰڼǰǲá
ħ𵴣ܿȻϢ˵Ӱ㱻ħɣħ𵴵ķ½
һ쳹صԭƽϢħ𵴣һ޴ӰħɳΪһӡ
½ħӣҲʵӰǰΣҲȶԷӦǰһģ˲佫ħɢ
ħʵƷɢһӰԼųߣۣ渲ƬһѪǣֻϸץһˣǱ밽ˡ
˫Ŀأɫڣ֪
Ȼһ˿Ѫδ촽ٺһЦݵƻԴԴϼȡڵıԴ
û뵽Ȼţüǰ˦һСӣȥһҲƱûԹֵĴлȥ㣬
ʱһɺƴĲ媵ķȥ
ɫ䣬˲öԸʵջСӻΪһħ˲Զݵ֮⡣
ӣʱʱ׷ż媲š
ȫɶݣ̶̼ϢѾԽ˴׽磬֮׹˴Ķ޸𶯡
ʱĹ֮ǿƣѾסĿꡣ
ǰСǿС׷ɫĽϵһףȼձԴ֮ӰʧӰ٣Ϣ׷鲻
ʧȥĿ꣬ҪտѾϢٵİˣֻ÷׷ħ
ʱһӰȻȴ֪ҴҸ
ɫѿĽӹԴɺԵĿʵʰʣֱԵֻħ£һ
Ȼδǿֱ塣
áͬɫأҲ֪Ϊǿƻͬ
Я뿪صɫɢȥ˼
*
ںϵʥʱ񾳱ǿĴڣϹкڣ񾳴ܶǰΣħʵ׽˵һ
½һ浹Ϯ󣬶̶̰£߸ʿ񾳴ܡЩĸ߽ʿ൱һһʱ׽ণո߸ϵĴܾΥᵽв׷Կڰħ
УħλʮΣħȻΪħʵ֮ͬһǹħħʡ
ħڲħ̬Ҳ塣˹ħ塢ħŶԸħ⣬ǻħ塢Ѫħ廹ħħ֮⣬Թ۵ļơ
ԿħУΪߵĴ׷ħټ
ء
һŲĵľ޴ڳʱΧʧ
ǰվˡֶʣ벽֮ңӣʾŸʵǰӸȣҲǰ
ʣʮųеЩǡһʮŮĻоŸаףҲ谮
˵ٽأϵ֮£˵ŭΧѹ˼֡
պյĸʸǰɫŲԡ
ν㲻㣬ðأͨΪӦ٣˭֪Ūɳ׾ħע⣬٣ҲӦħϡ
һһĪǰ
ʱ𻩻ˮһɫӳгڵ˲仯һͯ
۵ĵͯǵʴҡصԪ̫ӣһʡ
崹ѲѵأҲֻԪϷĳ
ҪԪȥһˣպʱѣҪ컯ˡ
ʴİԪԴЯ뿪
վԭشƬ̣ȻŤͷĳȥ
϶ʲô
˵䣬һµӻ߳Ǹȿеġ϶
ʵľŸУɱϲԸ粻˸ֵܶϵʶҲЩԶ
ȣ綼ôЦС
üɵνģ
أû׼κ嶼ܽ
Ȼ߽ġüЦ
ֱԣʲô
˶ż䣬뿪ȴڲԶעһС



347 
ϧʽԪ, źεԪ˵Ҹһ
ƺЩʲôɫЩѿ, , , ڳȥұɵδ㡣
϶ɶ磬һ֮⡣
ϰˣ֪ģ¶һζЦ
ʲôü, ɫĪ
磬֮ǰˡ
˽Ϊ۱ȴ֪һ, ӹһưâǸɱġ
ɫ΢, ˵ʲô
룬Ǽֵжٸ, ȲֻյԪ
϶ô˼꣬ѲɻһﱲС԰˿, ż, 嵭͵ա
ɨһۣЦ㲢δҵ˼
Ҳδ뵽, ˴ԹʵȻӱ
ĳ, ڳĶ˶ɫһ䡣
ǣܿ, תͷ治ɫĴѾ֪ˡ
벻ҵĶӣᱻһδħƻ󣬸Ըһӣ鵭ĿԨsŵӰΧʵʵѹȸУ˵գʲô
ȻҲѹе㴭ʵǿѹ۵״żֹţ˵̫ˣᱻһͷ¶βˣŪ
Ŷü˵ȥ
Ȼ˵ȴûм˵ۺʵʣӶͽ̡
⻰˼ҪȺһŻ¶顣
ԱߵĸƤһ۾һ˲˲עƺսʵȨ
ܿ죬ϵѹϸǣʱøȸоЩԳܣŷ϶ǰ˲ʵ
ȻʼոֶƺԴ޶ԡ
һߣֳ־ƥ֮˳ȥꪼ֮ռ˺ѣನòԶ
̧һƣ赭дֹסꪹơۼһɣꪻΪֻɨš
䡱ʱꪼȼɫħ棬ħǳŲϢһԵĸҲȻľ֮С
Σգ
Ժиմָ֣ܳһץ㽫סȻǲ³ֹħ档
˵ѹʮУ˵껰㱻һķɣؿѪֹ
ʱ粻ɾ䣬ɵҲ֮ܿʵࡣ
һҲû飬ҪӸµĿŵڵɫҰ׵Ķӣ治ɫɨһԵĸȣЩϰǼʲԷ⣬϶е㳤ϧȴǺͲµħһ𡣡
ΪԼֻܺħָۣüģ͵һһħü
ħקΪһС˷ɿӴܣֽס
ǣһԵĸȼ״Ȼɫ䣬Ȼ϶ϵѣԼֵܵԸ֪һЩģ϶ٿҲħʶҲֻʣһܣħ֪϶ʶֶεģһ
*
֮ƣڰн飬ŵۡЩħ롣£׽綼ѹֽŵķΧжȹ
űԽ࣬¶ϢҲԽԽࡣԭֻ½ħڼʮǰ㽵ͶӰ׽磬ƻ֮˱鲼ޣγһӴ׽κ޿ɷӧ
ʮּУָһڻ¡ˣҲĸϾֻħ½һ࣬ܵ׽Ļ죬¾˽ʮλ߽״ܡ
ط֮ʣ޵ķȴѵõķƽ˾
ֻƬƽһ֮͵עҪӿ
徻ºɽأһӰȻ֣ѲɮûзӦǰء
Ƭ̺кȻżǿϢŽرȥ
䡱䡱䡱̶ʮϢ󣬴޼ʮ֮õ徻±ڲӳɮǰΪ촷ۣдɮ˻δӦ徻һʧ
Ϊصأ徻µķºϼλ֮Ҳ޷˲ƣⳡĪ𶯾Ȼ徻˲ʧΰľս
ٷ𡣡һ߽ڵĹâУֳ
ʱгһ˶޳ӰӲĸ첲ͫ¶һ˿ζáŪЩ
ǿ̶Զɱȣħò뵱ҡ޲Tһģһ
ап̽˵ò꼤ûг
˿̷֣ӳɫˡ̧һ㣬еĺΰ˲Ϣ
󣬴ʧøĳϵʥɫһڣѹͳ
ںϵʥ˵Ϣ뿪󣬷ֳһɫ񽣣ЯһĨ޷ȥ



348 
徻±, ʧأλ񾳽޺ⳡԲ
ϢѩѸӣԭĻ̵̻׽ڴºʿľ, һıԼڵ
úд, ڱٵ徻·ħ޲TӰ, ֤ܲݣϢڶʱȻ󲨡
ħ޲TǿǺϵʥˣԶ֮սڼλʥ˵Χ֮, ѵħδ
жٷң˷͵ӭˡ齣һ峿Ϣĳڹ˷, ʧȥڽڡ
Ϣֻʥڵһʱ֪˶δ͸¶
˵λһֱ徻£Ȼ˷ʥԺ, ɫ΢䣬¶˼֮ɫ
ڤڵӤС, νԴǹųĶԴ˿λѾķӡ
ʥƬ, һδħ渴Ϣ, ȷڷЩħһֱڰѰҴ˵еԴ, λĹϵҪ
ֻ, ϢǷŴģħ崫ģ
̸۵, ΧƵĻǲǰ徻֮䡣
ԭ޲TСɽؾܵعԼ鱻ش۵ٱ޲Tò
޲T֮ԶȻǿƤңΪ˱齣ۿ޷շ齣֪Ϊξһ·ϣ徻¡
徻½أ޲TȡԼ
޲T徻µĽءϢȥ»˶ԷŲ޴ɣħֱܻӴš
ѾħȻı徻£ʲô
ȻϢһʱδй¶ȥ
޲TصԼ˲ϢǼ齣ڣмԲ˵ʵϣץסǧһĻᣬ齣ϵʱ޲TعϾ˼޲Tľ
ʧȥĳ̶ֳħĿƣ֮νʧ֪Ǹ
*
ʥ뿪˷󣬵֪ӻлǰӣҽġ
һƴľϻϻĽӡ
׻ֲ죬ֳһȡľϻʱģ˵ʲô
ȻԨ֮޲TռϷ磬ż֮ʱܲ磬֪ҡ񱻼ʥŪǸνСľϻ֮£֪顣
ǰȷİΣ󣬽ϻӽ˵ʱΪԼϤˡ
齣˼٣޷αʵǵһʱ֪ص˷ˡ
ü΢˼Ľľϻֱϻ֮Щ仯һֱҲи
Ҫչأκ˶˷塣ľϻƽĶԸ
Ȼɻ绹Ǿְûжʣ²˷뿪
û뵽תתǺ˹ϸ𡣡
ٴδľϻϻе͸ʯͷЩε޲TһǶ£ûջ
˵ļٱԷȡ̶ǧļȣħļ嫣ʹֻǼƬҲ㹻˽⵽һЩ¡
ǧħ壬ֱ½ֻħ
ڵõ齣ƲлļԼµԼЩԨԴȻ齣ҲΪ̯ӣʶϵ
ϧһòѡ
ħ֮ԽаħΪǧԳɳΪħͬˡ޲TǺϵʥҲǰħ媿½췭ظȻԴ⣬Ծǰħ
ǶǧֻһһܳɳΪħ
ֻǲħǧĴΣǧ⣬ħһ뢣岻ɥ֮ȮǽʯȻҲн
ħķܷʽΪرֻʯȾγɵħʯµ̼ΪҲױ˶ȡ֮
һ׹ħеķܷʽá˵һ̲⣬һ쵽˵ҶᣬٵıĨɱˣǧʯͷֻµ
ǧ⣬ûʲô˸ðնħ塣
Թ˲Ͼðʯķմ󽵵͡ǧڻʯħʯԭʯнħʯĥʯнܴḶ́ȻһΣص;
֪Ѿвʯӡֻϧһ˳Ϊ飬ֻѡһ·ߡ
ѡΪ˵нǳΪ塱֪ξ
һһȻü΢ɫˮľϻպã齣Ϊһ⣬뿪˷壬֪ȥδ
ʱ󣬹˷Ϊ˵ıչضһ׽ȴ֡



349 
ħ渴Ĵ, Ž½ֻħȶȶʱѹ£ȼħټȴʧӰ٣ƾβⶼ㲻λá
뵽, ޽Ļ̵̻ħͷȻѾ͵͵Ǳ޼֮, ٳʱ, Ѿһء
ȻǺ£׽һ޵עĿʥ˼Ʋʯ
¹׽Ĵ£˵Ŀ㼯ޱĳ, Ҳʧ϶ɽԭַ
϶Ӵ˵ؿʼȻҲ
ĵرԴԴޱ¯ָʮɸߵģħԨȡďɳʥȡԴ, ʼƲʯ
ΪƲʯ, ಻ǡʮһաʮһħ徻µϢڻǱˡ
һʱ, űϷ˼⡣
ħԨԷţѪǡáħ, һַ, ɶֳɵġŲħв졣
ŶռòҲõĹϵοķӵἺΪ, д󹦵, ˼ʹвħ֮ڸħ֮, вǰ
黨ڵǰŵΪԮţⲼһɵǰޡ
У̫ŮоΪ⣬ħ֮սֵݱź޶·ûв׽Ͽյġζ
ŮЭʥƲʯΪڣԹۣ̫Ӹɴֱ࣬ӹرɽšһ˶ŮֻҰи̼䣬̫򲻷䳰ȷϾ̫̫죬Ѿ˵档
ȻľӰƣܿħǰ桪ħչ档ǧͬ˴μˡħľܿӰ
ʱٲȻΪ/ҩͰһħɳһλħʣСͽħ·徻ºΪ׵ķŵӡ
徻ԪˣҪԺٳ촷ۣԱֳ׵ʵ䣬һλ˵ѾԲŵؽ޺Ȼܹħħʣһħ塣
ǰӣѪ桢ħ漴սʱŵԮϸ
ս޿ʱţս׽磬ԽԽ򱻶ⳡսУд϶Ȼϣ׽綼ᱻ
ʥ겹ʯ޼ΪһƬսҲһӡ
һ߽ʿѾײ³ֻҪнʿսǰͷ­Ѫҵսǵ񾭣ǵǣֻʣ²пɱ
ģɱ¾Ѫƹߣþòɢ
*
޼֮أǬɷ
qqĵѨ͸һ˿⣬ռŵĻţٻĺÿһΡ
֪ȥãѨһӰ
пұϵľ޴Ӱৡһ¿ȻֵӰȰ˲ץסߣ˫һ˺
֮ͻΪһħ˺Ӱ
ħϢȺαϢȻûе˼ǱǬɷļ۳ΣĿƵĶǰ顣
ǹŹԼɣ˫˫ͷۣϲɫĹ·
һֱ۹ץ媣ͭ۾ںڰֻ
ǱʴҲãʡı¡ֱץסԼ֮ǰֻΪħһӰȥ
ԭ˫ͷǻ֮ʣȡԷĸƿ
﷢ҵŭѨʯͳϧ˵رʮ絲סʲô
˫֮ʱʯĵϺȻһ׹⡣
׹ұԴüģֻŷڵħдһŭʲô
ħæӹ˳ħϡ۳ʵļһ˲뿪ǬɷѨֻʣ¹ﵥϥꡱŴһһԴ۾ﻮ˲䱻جȡ
ú󣬡ܡˡֱûй㲻ǰ죬쳤ĸ첲ʯһѾ塣
쳣££۸պôڶѴѾʧ
﷢ĺУһöѵ³ģۣŮ
ҵļƺڲǰŮ˽ƺѾȥá
Ǭɷ⣬һɫӰ˦ֲһ磬ޱĳ뿪ķȥ
Լȥʱ䣬һ¡ȷ򴫳̫һŭ𣺡˭˭̫ˣ
쳹޼֮ض޹ڵأɪɪ
ԶԴļʥУ޾տ޼֮صķĪȻǲϳԿӣô껹ֻسӡ
ˣҲ߰ɡſ֣һξӨᡣ
ǵģλƵķڡ
ȻߡʥЩ⡣



350 
޼֮ط׽˭Ҳ֪, ʱѾ޿תУһʼˡħ֮ìܣʱţһϹ۵Ҳɱļս
ûĵط, Ҳֻرɽŵ̫λŮ
ʯѾ, Ů˺ƴĲʽ, ϵѺҲڲʯİµõ޲Ȼչһǲ֮Ҳ޷ݻǹ궯ɱϢ
顢׶ޣڶ̶̼ڱʮ֮һʿս֮ҸԶŵ֮սʱôи߽ʿάĳЩĬϵĹ, Ʃƴµǣθ߽ʿĬ, еͽʿ·ûǵһɱۡ
ĻѪɷ֮ڷӿ, ޷·һ㿴ĳӰӰеͽʿ޷, ߽ʿȴи֪
磬˼Թ, ˱ڹ
кͣʱԽԽ
ͬʱ, ҲڲɫĻƶȷΣ˵ȳµ޵һţɽһҹ֮仯Ϊɳ, ˼ϡӹһ, ҲȫΪ촷ۡ
գ֪ʱ, ǸѾݳ׵ɳǣɳ֮ȫޣ·еˡ
ʿҪԲԶܿ黨޴ǰ̽һ
ɳ·ѵͣȥ˾ͱһλɽٵа֮󲻵ʮϢʱϢȫޣ顣
鴫ޣԶޣַܿ˵ڶɳɳΧͬһ
һգҲһɳ
̶ʮȥ޶ɳ޵ɳŵ۸
Щ죬Ҳ㹻׽Ĵǲ춯ݴŵ۵һλЯɳŵ۸ǸɳΪƽء
ʹˣŵΧҲ½˲٣δŵǨֻǨһ;
Īֵɳδס׽硰ȡս𣬴æ׷춯ɳĹµĵͽʿɶмλ֣ܳпһʼǰ㲻ƺĴ
ܲˣȥǧ綼Ҫϲˡ
ѪȻҵ£ʱ䲻֪߹ꡣ⾰׽һϵ飬ųϵϴƣвһ̵£ʹǰòʯ޲ѿ񷣬һ飬ԽԽ١
׽绹δߵĶʢ˰ĺ
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޼֮ء
һ߳ɽ徻
ʮϢһӰǱķɳɽһ߷һŤͷ˵ˣˣ
ˣǿǧ黨׷Ůüˡ
һ˦ױӰſ˺ѵХȥ
˵ˣһ㿪˦ޡ
ղѻȻ͵űˡɣ

ʹʮ˰ͨĲ÷Բݲ·ԴЧͶɢŸɾϢڶص£һӳջ紿޹飬̲ס뿿ֲΡ
ڶ˹Χ⣬֪ʱһŮӣ۴̽Ĵǡ
εĿܿ˵ע⣬һ֮˾ɫ΢֮»޷˦һӡӡ
˻˲üëšܼӬ˵ҲɵŮӸǰ
С壿ˣЩ֣ˡ
˵ĹҲ˵𣿡
ǰɡü΢ɫȻĴ
ȻڶŹֻദ࣬򵥽̸˼䣬һɽ
ѣһ·ϲƺܿ˼С
ˣŮһ·ЩĬ⻹һ⡣
⻰ݺüûڣһԵƲȥһ˲û
˵ƺʲôüҧгݵ˵Ϊӹһ٣Ȳʲɲˣ
Ϊ˱ɽеİɽ黨ݡ
ˣ̫ǸŮˣ֪ôȻֻ˸⣬żָӣЩˣЩء
ŮĿһΣüˣ
ѽǱǸħŪģ󻹾̫ϵ桭ǸħЩ£ɱǼһˡ
һ΢飬Ůӣ˵̫λɣĶԼҲˡ
ʲôԼΪĶԼ



351 
Ů˫΢, һ㻡ȣ̴źϧû˽
Щ죬, ͬʿ֮ĺ蹵Ԫ֮ʵ඼̫˺ô, ŮӼ̽Ϊ, Ҳ̫ǶԷĶ֡
־ع΢С, ԵǼ̫ˡ
˵䣬Ѿӽɽ
ԼǸ֪ǵϢһɽ, һӰȻ֡
塣ˣæ, Ǳû˵ŮӳĬֻһ˫۴
ɽĿ䵽Ů, üͷɲޱĽתϣ, ȥӭ
һϴ, Ϊ񾳱չء
˷ҲĴ£Բɫʹǿ֧, ҲԾѸٸֳչ֮
ǵӰʧ, Ȼһ䣬أΣյϢڶ֮, һλϵʥˣСķ/ҲŹ
֪˭˰Ȼ塣ŮӣҲľ/۲΢תƺָ
ǰֻ벻ͬվǰľ/ΪȻٽڣϸǶ˹֮Ϣģ뱾ˣҲὫ/
ϵոԣѲ³/Ѿʥֻǲ֪Ϊ˶Ŀľɽڴʲô⡣
ʥ͵ˣ֪кιɣʼƽ޲·ǰĲǺϵʥˣ̧۱Ĳľ㡣
Ժϵʥ˺޾η̬ȣǧϰŵĺ㶣һɨ㣬ü΢̧ϼ㵽˺ϵͬ˵⻰١
䣬غһתɽΧɽǧ磬һƬ
԰׵ߴɽȻ£ģЮӴǣȿֺľ/ȥ
Ǳҫ۰׹գҲ˲ûΡ
ϢһǱӰ
ļҼˡؿɽյߣüͷдżּɵ
޼֮һֱдԣ̫ħԯΪأȻõѶϢ޲͸¶ףԯϸֵùע
µСǽҺϵ޼֮ضһ䣬ɢܵǵ
ӹһ˿⣬˶ٲŵ֪ԡġο
ġ֣ڳһ˿仯ԶĬҲĿͶ
*
ͬһʱ̣õǬɷӭһλˡ
ڽ·̫һ۾ʮָצ˫ʯ䣬ݼӲצӼѾ˵ϡ
һľϻƾյצǰϻӰ򿪣¶ʢ֮צӿͣס
Ȼδȫɥʧǡںڰа֣Ĳһһʶ̳ɫӲǳ
̧һ˦ľϻɵ̫ǰˮҺɽܵĿռһŤ·йֵˮĳĵط
ڡˮǹʧʱ̫һ븹С
հһ̣̫鵹ڵϣʹĵͺѨڣֱֻ۲ϴ棬Ҫ򴩡
ۿ¡ˮʹ̫飬ָһ˦ڵϵľϻ
ָľϻ۵׻һ˼֮ɫ
Լȥ㣬ʹ˻̫ڰֻźͭ۲ٻج
㡭ǣģ˭̫ò˵ĿİĿڣ˻ơ
ȡһҹ飬ĿռֹҲӣϵüһô˵أתŮ
ѨһЩʵ¶ڹ£˿ɽԻľòһ޶
ԭǬɷģʧһٶҡ⡣
˿еġҲҡĸǰ޿
Ƕ£ѹƻΣҡ⿴Ѿ̫飬ɫȻ
ɳʳɰϵ̫ǵһǰ𡣡
ֻ۾ľϻ˻
ûȫ׼Ͷҡ˵ѹɵȻ˵ǧ磬׽ڣԼֻʧǵ״̬
̫鷢һЦֻ·ĳץƺֱӽ˺顣
ֱͬ۷סҡе·ֱǹЦݵצڹ·Σյĺâ
ûӲţЩεһ˫һ첨ϡ
̫ŤĹڵأòѵգҪС
𡭡ӦҴӦ



352 
ҡӸµĿ, ȵ״̬Ž⿪ơ
˺ðΣ̫ǿָǡ۵ӿ׹⣬۾
Ϊ׽ȵ֮һ, ̫ħŲǰ, ܰ޾», ʵȻûɡֻ񱻹ǬɷʵӲһҡͱ˺ˡ
Լܷ˴ӭ˶ɵĿ⣬ҡ治ɫ˵ѹֶ, ˵׾ʶѹƣ״̬Ӳй, Ψ𵴣нƵ, ķҲֻܱš
̫Цһվתת, ԴϵͬʱڣɳƵɤӷ·Դֻǧ꣬Ϸ㲻, Ҳˡ
ǬɷĽͻ, Ľʵϡ
裿ҡĿ΢֪, ԯϵ, ԯλı徹Ȼһֻ
˼תתع˵˴á֮, ɽѰҼɡ
˵գ̧˼ӵƣΧĿռ·һ˫壬㡰ơĶơ𽥾ۼܣʱ㱻Ŀռûʧ
ǬɷڣҲҲһ˿Ϣ·ոշֻһáоͨʱ֮Ĵ㣬ֻᾪȵķһʱ䱻ңʱ޷׷ݳ˵زǰ¡
ָԭ״Ŀռ䣬ԭص̫һЦֱֻۣʱԪܾ£ɢЩԪƺڣݵĸ첲Ʊ͵򣬷·һ̾Ҫű
ദȻһѤĹ⣬ֻƺڰȾԵЩ
Լȥ㣬͵һֻԴϾѪ״̫鲻ϲ·ĳơ˲òȥѪգֱӲܲ˳Ѻǧ֮õǬɷ
𡱣һͺһȳ˸ߴӰǰһšھ޴ĳԭһһǬɷ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
ǿ˲ɨ˹
ӳˣ˭ųģ

һߣĨ˵Ǭɷۼҡ뿪޼֮ء
һɽϾôû޼֮أܹܲɽˡȻȥʱ򣬷ɽȻˡ
ɽƳ֪ģܿɽûмˡҲɽʧ֮࣬Щ˿
ʥ˵ֻû뵽ֻΪ޷˳ľľջͬʱΪֻضӴӵļ䣬ʹ߻ħ
ֻҲֻȥ£ǻ˽ʱչջֱųء
ľ⣬ջԼǳںĸı塪ǵᣬ˳ĸǰ޿Ĵ󲿷ּ䡣
ܾ֮ǰ͵õ޿Ĳּ䣬һʱǿҲֻּܻ֪ƬֱǵᣬŽ˱޿䡣
磬޿ΪԹǬɷ̫ħȤǱȥ־̫ħΪڻ㼯ֽȻͬ
ʱֻϳһħΪƣһȴ׽κһ޿𵽵Ǿ޾֮ҳ˶ѵķǱʱ˳ĺˮ
֮ˮ޷뿪ӣֻڱ޿ΪԭѼγˮѹ̫ħ־İ취ҡ֮ѼˮҪ峤װʱ߻ϻӣҲ޷˳˳ˮ
֮ҪųλǬɷ̫ħǱӱ޿﷢ֵһˡ
壬ǧ塣ȫ壬һ쳣ǿ塣жǿ޿ļûᵽݼӡҡĵ״󵨼裬±֮Ҳضá
ֻȻǧѽ壬Ȼûãȷˡ
׽绹޼֮أģ̫껡ԯսϸǧµ޼̫֮ħᶼ׽絮ԭס
һġԭס񡱣ȴǧⱻ壬׿ڸûͼıҲ޷š
޿ȻתޣƺҲйءΪʲôǡƺΪһμҡʼ޷ȡҲ֪Ǳ˭Ĩȥǲڼ޷
޿ıǼʥȲʱһᣬںʱմ壬۶ʱշʥ˶в硣
Ǭɷһ壬ڼʮħɼʱ䷨ƿس̶жວˡ
һˣת֮ˣ֮మһŮ˵ɺҲš
˽ЩҡǶԱ޿壬һָӡɵ
ûЩ۸ӵĹϵǰûԼǸײβĸס
ųǬɷ̫ħֲ֮̽һЩϾڵΪ˵޼֮ز̽Ϣͻᱻ



353 
ޡ
ųĹâӳյʰ, ƣٸͽʿһɽȶһǴŵ۵ޣһθ, ϸᷢ, Щòݵĵͽʿ۾һ㵭â, ǲ֪ʱѾɱʴ
׽Ѿز𣿡ҡ̧ͷ߾ۼĺƣü΢΢
żһسɴ˲䲽ɽȣ̤Ѿɱ۵ս۸֪սǹɲͬѰϢ
˭Ҳûڳ˸, ǣʹѾ嵽ǰҲʶıܿ
ֳͳֳһĻ, ѪȻҵսȴһ˰վ, ս˭Ҳ·ڲͬʱա
ȻҡʩСֶ, ڳΪߵҲ龳ֻҪ룬λεվǰ, Ҳֲˡ
̧ڿһ, ΧĿռһ˿ŤʱɢƵܿƮ, һ̱㱻һֻץס
ֵ, Ѫɷ֮Īǡҡšüĺ, δ˵꣬ƺʧġ
̯֣Ӵĵطһӡӡҡ״ԾΪ쵽ڣǲ˵޼᲻ݣͨҲܿһⲻƺӡӡ
Ǻ쳾ٵԭϡĴһ仰ɤͬˮʺͻֻ伫ƽԳĺǱ¶˲ֵǰƽ
ҡתĿ⽻㡣
ɫͫ˲䱻üҲ֪ʱչ
ˡ̶֣ȴ·Ѿֹǧ
һ˲Ѿ˲ԭʧ˸ǰ
ţҲգӿյĴѶұϹˡ
ҡԿĴǾûѹȥ촽鼸£ƺЩӣûס˫ֹס䣬ݸôˣѲպڸ
Ҵ޹˫һչڻżΡ
ޣҡ΢㶣ѶҲŹȥʱ̧׿ȻɫЩ԰ףԪı֡
Ϊ·ĵԪ㣬ȥ»ֳЦǺЦǺżֲˡ
ʧٰꡣ̧üģ
īüšζ񿴵ҡЩ飬һչؼʮ겻ǺѰպչҲ¡
𾳣չһμǧǳе£񾳱չơβأҲΪ׽ľƣٱչؼҲпܵġ
˵̫ˣü΢̧ЦЦĿ
ҡæ㣬ϲ˵⻰ĵм飬޼֮ػص׽ûеһʱϵκˣǶһȥ˷ɽ֮ǬɷǸ̫źѶ
뿪˵ذɡ˼Ŀһۣ̾
ΧݱսҡüͷԾ𣬽Щ㯵ĵ˵ͷ
Ȼˡĳͻ˽ûвֵĴ㣬ת뿪˴˵ء
뿪һŮսȥķ˸
ʮڷʲô㶣κһϵĺʧŮŮ΢΢̧ף¶Ұ׳ס
Ų˵ĺۺ毺õܿʱǸµˡ
ҡⷽŶ࿴ۣϳԺĻŮ
̣黨Ĵʦ㣬ڸ¶˵ָʹͨѪɱɱҡ⡣Ĳ£黨Ϊɽš
̫΢ֻ˰ЩǰȻֻΪΪϣ٣һǧȥһֱǻ龳
ûͬ˻ժһֱĶ׹ǹһĨЦ
ʲôԩ·խ
£ˮ״Ķ׹һ˿âεǣһͷһͷĳƮȥ
*
ȴ˵ҡˣ뿪ɽȺ󣬲ԶǱѰ˸ƧĵطȽŋɸ˵
ϾЩ귢̫£ú˵仰ĻᶼС
֪˸߲ãҡ͵һɾסɫ΢䣬ĳ򼲷ɶȥ
ߣ
¡ͬʱһհ㳯û˷ӦĻᣬһϹ⣬뻭С
û˶ˣգ۱Сƴһֻʯס
ɽȵ̣ʮ֪ʱ֣ĴվŻŮǰ˫ʶսƺΪ
òŮӴ׿ĵ
䣬һֻצץŮӣ˵Ļ



354 
, 㻹ɫ΢䣬һĺͼ𣬿ŵһֻ־ֱĳӲɫצ
ನΧĿռ, ˱յ, ԲԱʳ촷, 
һЦͳ𣬡½ɥ֮Ȯ˷ˣԵβ
˵, һźɫ۵س֣ͫһһһȥ׵, Ϻڵĳİɢţ˴һаΣյϢ
ΣشʱѾ侲, ޱĿˣż⡣
ͫüб, ΣΡ
㲢޶洦, ֪һϢ˶, ڶԷʾĿṴ͸¶֡
Ȼֻм̵֣Ϊꪡȴ˫ͫ΢, ĵ˼ֱ仯, 棿
벻ţ֮Լաע⵽ɫ, ϾĻ
ĿһҲ˽ⲻ١
׽ĺϵһ⼸λı仯˭ǰһɫƶ
㹻㲻λ¡ꪽüбǹһ޵Ļȣа硣
ԲЦǣô㡣
ߣҲ룿

˶Ƭ̣֪ʲôЭ飬ʱһǰһ뿪˵ء
뿪Ŀռƾճһֻɵƣһƣ·ʱ䵹˰㣬Ŀռ䱻˲ָֻϧͬನȴ޷ٳˡ
ֵ˳ȳƣһŮ֮֡
ô֪١
·մ֮öµ̰˷Լֽڣƺûע⵽һ䣬ƺܿɢ
˰Σѹܶ˲ΡΡվսʥ˸Ķ޵ķȥ
*
ǡ磿
һߣͼҡһƬɫԶ
ϣһ֧¶˼֮ɫ
ִ߮ݻĶҡü΢̧߮ʺҶӡ
߮㳣仨۶Խ»Чڼʥ𹬵ԹɫĻ
ԣ߮Ȼ⼲ɣ˭֪շ˼ԶԭĬʢŵġ߮ȻɫĻɾ޴Ļ쫷罫˰ס
Ϣ쫷硰䡱һըڶľ޴˽ɷĩʣµĻ׷䣬γ쳣Ļꡣ
Ļ£Ӱִ׹䣬ֻʣҶĻС
˿δ˫Ŀ£ǹһƷǳЦ·һԸС
ʱһȵӰڿл˻ӣƺɢʲô
ߵԵ˸ǰ΢΢ҡ⣬˵еġ޳Ҳˡ
ƫͷԱͬ˯ˣü΢΢𣬡һƤңϧǸʶȤġ
˵ţָָ̽޻ա
ͬʱɫɵüͷɲĶ˶΢ĴҲƺʲô֮¡
Ůü΢һ˿ζЦ̽ıϡ
˵ʱʱ죬һ֡
̹ɲףԭԡҡ⽣ָˣЦ֮Σֶţɲһ¡
ˣҲһЦҲô֪λװġ
δ䣬ΧʱպһͣһƷ糯Ϯȥе˻еļơ
ڹ䵽֮ʱκȻɢͣ͵ʱһҲ޷á
ѳɣĿȴˣۿҪҡϣΪȭһתǿԽж¡
Ĭϧⷽ磬Ӳҵġʧ³һ⣬΢ЦĿˡ
ʶЩԣɫ΢䣬㲢̣˵̴˴δڡ
⻰̵ɫ˼ֱ仯øĪĿò֪Ǽ˵Ǻ壬թɡ
Ǻͼ飿Աߵҡ䲻
תͷĿдһ˿ɫԼã֪ͼ
ͼǰһǱ޿ҵҲ³к֡ҡ֧Լ壬ϧ׵պͶϵ亹¶ʱ
ڲ߮Ծ˷Ȼ˻ԻùЧ֪ΪλСΪ½·ʲôڰһԼΪգۼԪ
ոǿʩչʱշͨס̣եԪΪ˲Сˡ
֮ʱһֻʱס



355 
ǽ, λ˼סҡ⣬š̡ĿЩ䡣
˭Ȼ˵οظղû, һϢȴ˿ûڡ
üû˵, ָ, ܵĿ·ε˷ֿס
ЩЦֻץһ, ֵֻ̫ʱ
Ȼûֱӳϣ֮ȴҲ֤ʵĻ
û˵ɫ΢, λΪһʧͽռ䷨סˡ
֮֡ҡü̾, ˱Ŀռ䷨գ۵ĶΪѡ
ͬסָ΢, ɫȻϰˡ
⻰Ҳϲ, һ䡣ҡ, ؿһۣ˵껰첲̧, Ŀռ䷨˲ʧȥá
ͬʱ, Ҳˣ΢, 齣ৡһ³ȥ
ͬڣɲ£ǿӳһԭ׵ɫ׵͸ȴ¶һҡۿ΢ɬĻ
򴽣һЦЩҲǺ޽֪ôˡ
˵䣬һɢĻͻͽͼɲǼҡɽΧĿռһŤ·һӵĩա
ߣһŭ߳𣬽һݺѹڤɢĽƻĺͼҲ˲ָ
ͼһ˭ҲųȥɫѿĻصǰذ׵ϳ˼𣬿ΪǱ
ҡչЩ֣ƫͷݸüȴؼ֣ףλ̸ˣôѧء
˵仰ʱ̬Щ֣ģʲôˡ
̲֪ΪβȻɫ䣬ЩʹıסԴƺԺʲôڽ⣬ɫò޿ԣǸŮˣڲƭң
ʱʱŮƺǺüһ𿪿˵ҲȵŮ˸ߵ¹¹ޡ
ֵȻϻСԼռȫ֮Ҳһһ壬һľ£ʮֹ졣
⸱ӣԭģ
״ĿѯʵĿҡ⣬ҡָָԴ˵ǲȱֲӣѰ顣
޿õһ鲻֪ʵƤëһƳͼҲɵġܿͲ鲻Ǵس飬лϲĲлꡣ
ѺáƲлǧ⡣
ΪԵʣһֱȶȥ񾫷֮֡ǰŮǸҡֻ˵ǺϵʥֱʡҲ֪ʲôѹл꣬ݺ볣졣
ЩԾԣûм֮£üա
׽粢һҶʵĺϵʥ˾кüλοһλජҡףһ·Ҳǽ˵ֱӻӺؽ֣ǿ˲𷴿ʥˣҲʵǿǰ
ǺϵʥˣǴڶ棬ʵη
ˣܱͽ˺ͼڣҡҲûлңһʱ˲ںͼˣȻ̾Щ⣬Ҳ⡣
ֱ뿪ٶ˵ɫűϾ
̵ֻǱطǲ쳣ΪͼڵŨڲ½һʼۣȵ̻ΧֲƬήήϢ㻯Ϊ촷ۡ
ҡ飬ĬɬĿھʳָৡһµüģ״̬ƽ˿
޿𷢾ͼ鲻Ͱ˷ֶΣֻôȥͼֱصõȷǷãѧ޿˵˾仰ֳ֮ԭΣ֮¾ͼˡ
صʲôҡޱĽСٳ߬ֱܻʥ䡣
Ѿ˺ƤֱΣʥ˲ֻųʹ˼ʮˡ
ȴ˵ձȡͬƵĴѸڣգʧڿС
˵˫ԭΣıԴҲͼڡ
ػʲôõͼĿȨֻܲǼʹõ࣬ҡҲû¶һ˿ɵɫøӳء
һԵҡɾĶü΢Щ̫˳з
ǰ̫˳ˡҡš顱šü
ͼȻֽץôܽͼĿȨˣ
ǣط˺ͼ
˶һۣԼͬ뵽ܡ
̸ƭʲôҡָ˵ġ顱üʵ
ںͼóȻȥףס
鱾Դһ±仯ɽаƴԭΣżҧгݺЩԲϣŮ˰ѡުͶ¯ݣ
ުʲôǣҡĿ⽻һ˲ӶԷпɻȻǶδ˵
ȴûд𻰣૵ԣ֪ݣҲϲު˸ģ˭һ壿
кŮʱ״ʱأӵ꼫ȶ
ҡһ˼ǿѹæ˺һ侲ش˵ʡ
ުǴޣÿνζŴдٽͼުƤëƶɡ
Щ񣬲֪ǽŻǼ
ҡɫڣҲ˵ͼڱͶ¯ѹ˵ôҲ־֣뵱ֻǺ˼Ļϱ־ԣԭǾȻ¯
ȵȡ
죿кιػ𵱳͸¶Ļ죬Ĺħ¡
˶٣֪죿ССǧŲʮˡ
ָʲôһԵ䲻ʵ
һ䣬Ů𣬡ުܴͨݣ죬һ䵽ǧͨȥ죡졢죬Ҫش졭
ŮּУ̶
룬졣ҡĻ˦ּһƣһ˵ڲƭʲôץʲô
*
޼֮ء
ɽɽ۵պıһ֮ٿɽȫò״չ¶ǰֻϧ˼ͬ޼֮صϹ⣬ɽļС
濪ɽӭңΪֲ
дһ䵭ŮţһλŮӺĳɽۣŮӾͶ͸ķ绪˲ϢĿ
һλص껺ƶ߳ƣһ֮˲Ե֮һ޼֮ع֮ǰҲҪѷ֡
˻Щ󡣡꿴ƶԷˡǲ̲ԾԼһ󾳽Ĳ࣬в޶η
֮ԣȻ档֮٣ҡϴɽҲֻǼһͶӰȴ濴ᡣ
Ůüһ𣺡ֻû뵽ǲصģΪȡһݣΪӪﻮֵ꣬ܶˣҲרΪ޳ġ
еֵܶˣһ޿Ǿʶһ޿תΪޣ޳
;׽һв˳ƶΪˡ
ŮӴǹһĨЦһ˳ƶΪȥ죬ȴ׽硣
࣬ǧźչҪͶ¸ֻأ༸ټ겢̫΢˾Ϊоϵף΢΢һЦָ
ˣȴҲֻ뻻죬ǧ硣ŮӣҲǵš΢ļʥ赭д˵⻰ʱؼӿأˣһŲ鲻Ըȴ
΢ʮ֮ǧ緱ʢ֪ΣССǧ磬ȥĽ棬˵зȵӡ
ʥһת⶯ֻܵˡ׽ΨһĲླʥǧ缸ûʲô֮ǰ֪飬ֻҪԤףԼС
˾صĹѾǰֱѹƾ޼֮ء
Ϊ׽һˣο޳ĪԶˡ



356 

һŨȿ޼֮صС, ƯƵ״壬·Ƭرһɴϡ
Щɫǹ֣֮ҲǺĸڡʥ˰ϵĹ, ٳһռݹ֮, վ쳤γһʥء
вڴ, ǾǧĺĵӡȻʱЩ嶼һԣ޷ѹ
ЩԵ壬üĵ̨޵ĵ˿, ߡϢ빦֮ЩƣǻƮգһӿȥ
, ƯһƵĵʴɫׯϰ, һȥء
ϸ۲죬ɷЩƯڿеĹ̨֮Ľӿ, Χڲ
ڣһɸߵĳɫ¯Դ²ʱ¯ϿŵķŽĹ⡣ԴԴϵĹ֮߳Դ֮, ûյʢ
Զ, һ˿ϣͷ­ʹǻ΢ĺ, ΪѾ䡣
ǰʯϷ, Ŀµʥ˺ۣ޲T, 㲻ħԨҳ
˵ȥ޼֮أ棬ˡ
һĵĵͳɤ𣬽һѻ೤۵ͻأ֣ɨ̨Ϸˣεѹʵʰ㳯ѹȥΧĿռ̬֮
һϵѹػϵʥ˵ѹεǿƣڼ˲ҡҡ׹»Ե·ǱѹƵ͵³һѪصӶ˶
񱻼媱ƵԹ˲ϾҼǵǵĺҲѽϾƾвʸѣΪħüڽ˵һ˦ҡҡ׹˲䰲ʯ
̣޲TΪ͵Ů˰Ȼó飬ʦµӡ˭
ӡ֣ɫһ䣬üӡ
˵䣬ɭɭɱ֡
ģҽһˣһ㲻Եˡ޲T·ûкɱ⣬бĪĹâ
ؼ״ƺ뵽˭ɫѿգҲգκչһЦȷżˣ㿴ɱﵵĶ¶ˡ
̶ˮԽԽ룬ٲҪŪøһЩźá޲TζĿ¯һƫͷĿɨ¯ӣ΢һһٵ
벻Ǿ
ֻ¯ǲ֪ʱ򿪣Ϣ˸ħĺӰǺӰֽһުƤëԭˣ
˵Ŀƿأĺͨݣȥ죿
ò˵һĵӺܴ󡣡
һͶӰҲҷؿ˵ļͶӰ΢̧־ҪͶӰ뱻һ仰ֹס
㣬ϵݾ
ֶ̧ڰգ˵ʲô
ڼϵħһ¶ݡ¯¶һ˿ȣʮ֮Ū˴˵еݡ
޲T媲òһı¶ħ壬ĴмҲ޲TΪӴ
ǧգΰٶɣޱ󣬵˵׺һڡʮ죬˵ֻġʲʵ㣬׽Ĵǧ磬Ī˵ȣڵڶҲǵ׵ĵ͵Ƚ档
ӵڶͨ죬ֹһ졣Ҫ֪ҲֻǵĽ磬Ҫȥ죬Ҫȥ졣
ǧϢ˵죬ʮĸûУȻҲ޴ӹ׽ͨݵ塣ΪļʥʮҲ֪࣬Ԥ׽д䣬ⳡᲨǧ磬Ҳǰ޼֮ȥ档
ʮһֱи˵媿أһĨζЦ
*
һߣƴĲлɣҡҲݵݵķ
ʮΪ磬ռһ磬Ǵ˵еĵ磬˵ުвܽͨ硣ҪݣҪú쳾ͨ޳ȡһܽުͨ硣
쳾١޳ުȱһɡ
Ȼ֪ͼު֮ƤزôҲ뾡취ުݰɡҡԲлĻü˵
û뵽ҪνݣȻֺ޳˹ֲƲлոշ衣غĿһǾץסԼǶöԷ˼ʤһУһͶ¯
˴ֱʣֶ֪֮֮꣬ˣ׽֮УλʥϵУͳʮ졣侲ķʸλϵʥ˺ģȻҲǺϵʥɡ
ҡĻͫ΢˷·׻㣬һ˲ֹס뷢



357 
ԭˡʧѪĴ, ɫͫӿӵȻִŻȻȻ
ɫʱע⵽ˣչ, ¶ü, ôˣ
һ˼, ϵԼղŵĻʲô˱䡣
棬, Щ
ڲؿЩ֮γȥվţɫ΢, īɫͫӹһ˿âߴʹüʱĿת, ̾˿̧ḧ˿, δ
·ѣҡʧͫ΢΢תתЩٶ۵̧ͷ
Ŀ, ܿԷͫ׵ĵӰԭһԵ鲻֪ǲǲͶ֮ǹ, һ̰ɢ
Բ𡣡ûгĬ̫ãҡס, 
üһ, ΢һֻס֫, һֻḧסĺԣʲô
Ϊ˵ͼ¡
ûкٿҡ̧ͷüż꣬Ҳ㱻ۡ
˵⼸μƺú˵ĻᶼûС
õһ롰޳󣬾ʻСۣ򱻶ӭһһķˡ
ɼ
пĻɫ΢΢һɣտԣ㱻ųϢĴסϤڴݼ䣬Ƭʧ
֮ʣ̨һ㱡ʯ䣬·ͼɫ䣬߳ҡ
һ⡱ֻδޱߵĻجС
ܹ꣬һ٣ǾͲҪֿˡ
ҡסŪεϵһ䣬һ䣬ৡһ£ϵ˲֪ȥ˺δ
Щɫ飬ȥ𣿡
ǰĿһ˿ʧǰŮӹŤۻӵ𣬡а취
˵䣬һЩɤ󣬡ռ䷨ӣԭ
ȴԭʧΪҡͽһռ䡣ռ֮ĵӣռ̮߼Ŀռз⣬Ȼ׽͵Ƚȶĸ߼ռ䡣
ҡû˵Ĳл꣬˵ȥ͸δ߶ު
鲻֨ˡ
ǲ뿪׼ճԣ¯ӦյʣҡⲻŲæ˵ĻͨݣǴˣл֪Ķ϶Զ֮ǰ̶ϢҪࡣ
˵ĹͼռΪ¯Ѿʣ޼»ڲ
񾳣¯˵ּܶʱֻ𾳣뿪ͼû˱ӻһ㶼þͱ¯Դյûɢ
쳾ٲ޷߶
ҡ⿴飬һ㹻ĺ쳾٣ûˡҲԣֻһƲл꣬ȥΣҪҼˡ
Ȼ֪Ǽ黹ǼķǼŮֻһƲл꣬ǿҲȸߵò֪Ʒ˲ң
һֳ˾Ҳĵļ仰ҡ΢䡣ЩŤ΢ϥۡ
һžҲ𽥰ԶվԱߣֻвһӲɫĴ
֪ȥãҡɢһ첨ʱ״̬ǰ޳ƿǰ㣬ֻθӳףԵǲȫҲۼ
޳鶢ڵŮɤһģһ
*
˼˵޳ԽʹݵļʾԽ󡣡媵Ļ治ɫֻһй¶ƽ
衮޳һȻĵ
ǰ¯ĵҶȤ˵ЩҲô
պգ媹ЦΪ͸ǣ֪ո뿪޼֮ء
ûָգڳ˶֪˵˭ɫ䣬ƽ¶˿ŭԼδĽš
û뵽׽Ϣܸ޼֮ءκ¶ʰãǶԼ˵Ŀȴһû޲T
޲TüбӭĿ⣬ɫ΢Ҽǵõ޳һѡֻˡ
伸ʮ꣬ȴ׽ָ֮ƣһССȥһħ治ħ棬΢д̡
ǰЦһףѵǰдǸ⡭Դ졢Щ²Ǳֳǰһ֪˭ģ
صɫױˡ



358 
޲T˴֮, ͼ顱ļƲлҲڰ۲ݡ
мְգһͳȷ
ĵͽ׽λֻ֮ŪһϵҲٳһ, ΪԷһ, Ƕɡ˵֮ǰȵļϸŮ, żֲмģ·Ūϵʥһ򵥡
ƺϵӵһѹ޼ҪƷֻ, 󡭡
δ˵꣬㱻ϡ
ǱҲƱѻٵĲҪáŮŭЦ, ŭƲлֻ
˶Ի, ƺΪϤԷϸ
λǰαض˽, ͨݵļʲͣȻλҲѾ˼ǰʱһʱ˵ִɫһ޶
˫˫Ĭ, һδ, Դϵ𣺡СѾͷǺ
ִһһŮ̡ܿ, λǴӡޡսĸ, ȻǰɣԲʦ̫徳졣
ٶȴǲ϶˵
磿ɤ¶һ˿졣
̡Ųæ͵ʦٵ, ׼һκɬ䣬һűǧ硭
ᱦƲлǰ˵ȻǾһʱκŮлЦһûصСˣʦ˭˵ʶ
ʦˡ֪λ־ڴ죬ĿĲ޳ͻǼλõλóԸ
ôĿԲл͵⻰Ҳ˵л
ɣ߲лǺЦ屻ﲻ޹ϵС⣬ָʹҵȣҲʦǺݣ
Ȼǲл꣬⼸Ʋл꿴ͷСǿȱ׽ͨ˵Ҫǿ׽˵ǿȱǳ˵ǿȾҫ۵̫
̫һǵĹâ˲䱻̫ûο⡰̫Ϣǧ硣˲лϢ΢һй¶黯˲ѳѺۣ·һ˲Ҫѡ
ݿһʱգλǰݷôãɲҪһЩС¹һ񡣡
̡һ仰òл˲û˻Ϊ˲ǧ֮ӡ˴󲿷Ϣʶ֮УŮԲл֮ʱ־״̬ԸȱݣҲзӡ֮ʡ
оһĲлףŲԼָͬӡʶݻδһ¶òʧ²л֮Ҳû
ⳡ̸ڲӲл֮ĶԻⲿֻһεǿ겨޷ܴ̽ӼƲлĽ̸еõ˵Ļ
һݲҪުȻҪһλϵʥˡ׽λ⣬һڵӣު֮Ƥлꡢȳ׽ԭ
νĲл꣬һ֮˵Ĳлܱ꣬ܿڣʱǲŮԲл꣬Լĳλݲ׵ĴһƷֻֻ꣬ǰԴ죬Ͳö֪ˡ
̡ף׽Ҫıȡǰԡ̡жӦ̫徳Ĳлȼ¶Ǹ׽Ѿв˱ˣŪת
˿ȻֵŮε¿˵λϵʥˣǱǣűӰŪĿܡ
*
һ漰׽ǧĲϢķ޵ͨ޴ӵ֪ܲģ׽ҡ
ǰֻڼطɳ֪Ӻʱʼԭ֮Ƴ׽طԴԴϵΧûӹЩɳ
ǻ֮ʼοĲʧӾеĿ־塣ѹֵ£Ƶ
ֻԭˡħΪսȻһգˡħ¸ɸ꣬һԸ塣
ҥԴǴǰ÷зĸħ֮ĸʥ˹ͬٳɴ¡
ħħֻ壬ûлһλϵʥ˵֧֡ľ£ڽڰˣһս֣
Σͷ޼֮غԤ׵ĳ֣ɱˡħʮλﵽ񾳵ĸ߽ǿߣ󻺽ѹ
ϵ׽Ŀ꣬ϡ޵øսıԵؽ硣
Ԩ޽ؽ磬ǰΪƽأԨֲǡǡԨЩʵĳգƽԨףѵĿռѷڳһŮӡ
ŮòѰֻһ˫ת䣬żϤɡ



359 
ౡվĳ, ֻԱߵʯһֻյúĹ񡣹ţϹͺͺһëûУбһ˵ĺۼò
ίġౡ, ܵǰ
ŮԴ, οëܳ, ķٵǽˡ
˵Ժ⸡һ仰ͺˣҲǿˡŻͺͺīoţŮӲݸüչ, һɨɫ
ŮҡƵһ߷/ǰǾľ/вͬľ/Ϲ̫ŵƵģָһƲСʶľ, ֻһЩ򵥵ıʶͲּ䣬иӵж, бԶ̲ٿأµķ/, Ǳ޿𴴳ķ/ҪӦ
Ȼľ/ֽ, Ѿ״, Ѱ/ͬ
ȴ˵ǹǣֱ졢ءµķ/а֮һĵػꡣ
Ʒ/Ḻ́ǰʹǧٱ, ˻, ԱأôȴеػԵ, ж˼ά뱾졣
ԶǣнǡȻǼʥӪԼĻجج˰ڲֻ³
ڤڤеľҡ񲻰µķ/Ӧ˶ң޳߷/뱾ϵȻ˶ãʱвһȴǹˡ
/ƺã뱾·ȥ޼֮أ/Ԩ
ȻѾ֪屻Ԩδżȱбλεİڣлᰵж
жȻǱżʥˣΨһ̴ԼǱ޿ļ䡣
˵ʥΪʵηģǱ޿ƾľɲıĪĺľ
λѾʮ꣬ȴ·һֱڰעףȥµĺûһǶģתԼĸǰȥԨҲ⡣
Ԩޱӣ¸ŻĶ麣ͨ麣֮ˮѾߣԭĶ麣һƬݵĺ
麣¶ĺ߲ͨµ麣ƵķģܶǼΪˮķЩ˽⡣
ڿ߱޿ǶԴ֣ʱԴ㱻ڶ麣ĳֻʱһԴὫ麣ΪһȻ¯
Ԩȥ麣ܹΪ׼ȷҵǸʵλáǸλûԴ𣬶ӱ޿ļлϢõļƻ
һ޿еļƻ
׽ҳ̶ȣѾ漰ǧ飬ͲСϺܲˣ鷳ȴбزٵһҪҪһЩ
뵽λʮӰڵı޿ҡһǿҲĺˣϣ㲻Ҫҡ
˵ķ౵Դ̾߰ɡ
Щ̫ʹһֱ̫ţ˴αڷɽտһЩΪﱻڳͷһԨ
ԴֲڿʱѾӡƾ/ʵһͱճɻҽԨȡò׼δԴϢȴౡ
ԴĳںɣһлԴͷΪϵǱԴϢϡͿѻȥ
ǻֱӡһ̾ͱճɻҽܴѲ̰Ե౳˽ѵƤɿ
⣬³Դ֪ιʺ౲һ˿΢ϵЩýԴ𰲷ѾɺԵĶ麣ײ
*
ɳ׽޵ļ󶥼ԴҲ޼ƿʩ׽СǧΪĴѾΪ磬һѹֵǧ硣
ϯĴս²òжϣ崫һԣ׽һĴɳǴĲǲƴ󣬿֮١
֮ԱǣôǸ˿ʼ̽ѰеĴ󣬲úϸĴϢ֪
ڵ㣬ƻڵɶɳڵֱ徻¡ħԨ޿ϬؾСɽؾ
ڵϢǴԨҡ⴫ģ˴ۣ̫ŵǰȥ̽ΪԴѾΪ𺣣ǴڵӦܵƻط徻¾˵ϮΪ棬СɽؾƺҲһЩ仯
ȷô˭ȴŽ輦⡣
Ѿãмʮ꣬ЩҲû˲޿ϲƣһ󷨺ۼƾһۼݳ
׽󷨹оһʱ䣬Ȼڵ㴦ЩһЩĶ
ǽڵЩСĶӰһڵ⵽ƻᷢ仯
֪ҡĲҡɽǸܸ̽ɽŴϢ
ʱ䲻࣬ٲץҪױ޳ͬ



360 
¡, ׹ڵĳɫ
֮£ѾɺԵĶ麣һͷĿӣ·ſѪڡߴվһŮ, Ƭˮոһʴĺ
ǾŻĶ麣ɫ۵ŮԲ, Ծǰĳ
վϵüз, ƺΪͷǰƲ麣ѾˣϽ߰, Сү¡
ƫŮҲǴС˷ųĻһĽ, ǰ˵̫ΣһѾҪק½ǡ
겻֪Щʲô, кȻһ˿Ťͷ, ЦŲҰȥ
䣬Ŀϲһոֻǲͷ, Ѿżֶ⡣
Ůӱ˱, ʶ˼㣬ҡ
ҡܿջʧ̬, Ƴ, ˵
֮ҡɽҡ͸ڶ麣һ, üİôһȥ麣ˡ
µŮǵԨŵ۵ӣǸųʱصܣǿӣڿйһ֮ԵĻʮģǸڻسʮľ档
ǰȥòĻʮѾȻȲĺǱȴ忡ܣӳˣ൹һҲû䣬óŵ۱úܺá
վһ𣬲ɲŮòΪۡ
ֻҵ㸲Ӯҿû뵽ʮĻͱӮҳ谮ܳڶ麣ҡšüעˣ¶˼ȡ
һߣûٹˣԾûһκˮĺסܾƬ̣¡
ǧ֣ǱˮʴĺۼѸ̤Ϻ׵棬Ŀȷĳȥ
ҡۿԽԽĳطȻͣ½ŲվҪվ
ⲻԴĵط
ɺϻǡ
ҡĵ˼ǧͣĻһɨĵ̬ɫȻĴɽȡһöҰɫ
ʣһխƬβӶɣϵֵ·
ǡģҡⶢϵ·м졣ü䣬˰ڼҵƵ·
ԨµħйſڵǾʬף纷Ƶ·
뵽ҡ¶ֹŹɫһйţȥ֮ǰʹİǾ߰ʬ𣬺̫£ʬͱԺ
Ǿ߹ʬĶˣ
ʬ£ڶ麣Ļһһ˸־һ̣ϵĿһĨ⡣
ĨֻһϢѸȥƺԤϣһ˿ɫתͷˡ
ҪҲУһ°ɡ
û뵽ȻɫȻЩɣмܳӦʲô£
ȻһЦбɣ㱾ԴѪá
ʲʲôܱЦ˻Σ˰ĲŷӦϧ֮ʣͱѸס
ߵָüģûκξܾĻᡣ
һѪܿüƮαԴѪһܵ˲ɫֽ˵һӱήҲ
ȡһαԴѪѲδͣ£ָ㣬ޱļȡڶΡڶξѪȡǰϳֻҰ֮ɫ˱ץţѾڵˡ
ҪȡξѪ֮ʣһԽԶһ㸩£䵽˸ǰ
ֻмɸߵ񣬻࣬һ˿β쪣ȻȲϷβɫޣƺ֮
񡣡ԶҡɽҡĵײԼͬʡ
غ󣬻һӣִϢήҵܡ
Ȼһֱڰиš˳֣ϾĿǰΪε
ҡܵľѪʱͲЩԣŻȻʲôأϷѪֻǲ֪ʲôסѪˡ
ʮĸոܵİΣƳڰ
ѵܵĸףҡĿɨӣоͷƺ˶ɫñӡ
ȻˣҲ׼ΣѪϾüЦʮȻ·ԴѪóĶ
ҡ⾪⸱ǣֻüԥƬ̣ıƳһξѪ
ʵȻҪǿ౶ǵξѪɢϢӴʧȥѪͬʱɫҲ˼֡
˾ˡϣĿ⸴ӵתͷѡ
ƺûע⵽Ŀ⣬ָһξѪС
ֳһӰ˼Ȧ
Ӱ֮ʣҡȻ֪ҡɽĳطһ˿춯һռ䲨ʲô뿪ҡɽ
صķ
Ǿʬ壬ϴλ̫ź͹Ȼ̸˳ְѴԨصʬڽˣǣըʬ



361 
Ǿʬʧü, ˲뿪ҡ֪Χҡɽ¶ʲô뿪ҡɽ
ʱָӦʬϢ׼ȷ˵, ڶ麣ǵ֪ϢҲ˵, ں֮, ʬ塱ʹҡɽǧĶ麣
ַΧĿռƶһ񶼼
ҡ͸ǵšʬ塱ͷһ̣һĿ⡱ס
֪ѹ, ֻһֻĹž޶סάֲס
ǹƿǿȴʱǿʱ, ƺЩȶ
һߣѿȻֵʬ, ظ˿Žеʬ塣
ڿҪʬʱ, Ȼī̹âЩ緢˿ϸġ˿ߡѸٰסʬ壬һʬͱһī̵ļ롣
Ϣ󣬾޼ıѩѸ, ɳһȭͷĵɫ͸Сˡ
ԭڼеʬ, ѾˮʧӰ١
īǰԪСˣʶվֱͦ, ¶η뼸˿ײĽ
һּδı𾴵ĳ̬
Ļɫ΢, ԪС˵Ŀη壬ϣ, һЩԹ
Ψһ״̬ܣŴӼгԪСˣϲ̽
ԪС֣ѵķָһ£üһ·ʲǫ̂
ҺͻԵˣȥɡԪСû˵˼ͨһĲ뼸ʶڰǿץɲ
걡΢ƺ˵ЩʲôֻɫȻĹֳԪСһݣתͷҲص뿪ڼ䲢δһۡ
ȻѵӰʧԪС˲ٶȡڡīĺţҲǻ֣
ӦԪС˵ĻЩűŵҲڱý
ѪԪСƺûп˵ɫ˵
Щֲ¶־裬Щɵ棿
һԪС¶֮ɫκǹɲﺱĳһ˿Ȼˡ
գһ˿΢ǰһöڹǽ䣬м򵥵·
ƣȻһйء
ҡ̲ס˲ܶǽûв˿ͷԪСˣѹû㶯
ҪĶܣСѾͷļ񡣡
ƺżֵ⡣
ƺҽӻԪСֽ˼䣬ǰֳԭΣչ麣
ȶ麣ֻʣԪСˣƳҡķ̬Ⱥԡ
ҡҲʣԳ࣬ɵԪǰ
ǰǣ˶٣齣һˣ
īӡֻһΣᵽ齣ǰˡīңصĻһ֣ԯɵԯ歡ԯ正ڶǰĽ̸Ѿ֤ҵλ޼֮سŮĪϵ
⣬齣һԪƬǰԪСˡ
ԪϸСѺۣ·ʱп飬϶ϣвħ֮ؼǣԪСǲȱģ͸̶ȿƶϣλīǰһҴսһԪ񼸺顣
Ԫ¶ϢԱͨҪǿ౶
ǣϵʥˣ
Ǳ޿ĺˣԪС˵ĿЩ졣
ҡʶǰʶ޿𣿡
֪ģܿˡԪС˿ɫصʧ
ȡĵȵȸյߣӰˢһ£һĪĨɱһɶ
Զ޵ҡü΢΢һ̣֪Ѿɢؼ䡣
ͬʱ¯ıʶһЩ仯
ҡɽķ/Σ걾ϢĪ૵ԭˡ
޿ļ䣬֪ΪڸոսƬ𣬼Լһ·ã˶麣ɻ
²òǲȱԪȷīҡһԪˣ齣ǰˡ
ҡΪԭ֪齣ĵһλƴǧǧڣѽĴ˵Ԫֻڲϴܿͨ
Ȼ֪齣ڵĴܲĵһˣѽĿء
īңһ񣬻˵Ѫ𶣬壬һ嶮ƵԵʡħսܱǧѡīҳڲ磬һѪһȡ
žǱȽ׵ľ飬СĻ彣Ӵ۷塣ǰλ齣֪ʲô˴һܣ٣Ԫ顣
٣˳µĴǧ硪׽֡Ϊ̫أֱڻûָԪ޿ϲϹ䣬йһν
޿ܸĶ׽ŹִвīҵĽ飬йǸеļƻڼ۳ġ
ƻīָƣҲѹȻ麣
ֻǣʱδյ̫׼ˡУǰʹʬǷλǰĹ͡ҡü˼Լæ죬ȴƺΪµĸʡ
ڴʱ麣һжϡ
ҡڶ麣һСڱӡԴϡڣʣµֱĨɱ
ĨɱǰΨһĸ֪ǣ棬ޱ޼ʷ·һеĻ档
Դ𣬳׽ˡ



362 
һ̶ĻӸɺԵĶ麣, ת˲㳹û״סЩƱˮʴǧֵĺµε⣬ϧЩߡ浲סԿ塣
߻ܵĺ, ƺ, 쳾㸲, ·һƥֱ׹ޡ
һʱ䣬رɫӿ
ڣϼȡ쳾ٺ˵¯Ȼˡ, ĹâȻҫۣ·ںĳ֪Ĵڽ
̵޷ɽʱոӭˡµŮվ, ɫĪĿ޷򣬡麣ԭ, ĿԶƺʲô, ޿㡮ʲô
޼֮أ޿״ĺȻϢٿȻ, ƺǳ˯ص̫ħѼ
ħԨײ, ħ滯ʮɸߵİ˱۷𡣹ħڣٹϵħ̥ħĵͷ, ׹ص, ˲ʧ
ϳďɳ·еĹˮڳһɺ, ħľ޴С
֮кƮ˿ŽġӡЩӱ汻Щʴ𽥱ð
Զħеļ媷һ䱥Ļ벻Ūе˼
зŴڴˣЩŽġӡػầȻѣ˿šӡǷķ¾ſа˿Ųú㲻ɣʣµһڼʮһηϣڶŴƤ»Ϊʧ
Ҳη粨ʽ΢ķų׷ѳڡ
ʧǷŲ⴫ܣҪ˵жضҲȻ׸󶥼֪¡
û뵽ʧİ˿Ȼһֱڵ£ֲ÷ŵ׽緭׳Ҳûҵħڷ徻½صƺЩ
֣֮δľ
ߣ޲TûлӦ媵Ļĵ飬ħ޴ġȡĻħ߷ĹӤ޵̡в£ʣµħ߷׷Զ䣬ǰҧƽɡ
ľٶδֹľٶܿħħڷݲ»Ϊĩֻһöƴڵġ״Ҷ
ǡ媿޲TġҶӹ׹⡣
öҶ³ɬѶ׽磬ǧϵһԡ޾ãͷӿɫɬ
׽Ĵʼֱ仯쳾֮ӿħԨ
Դˣʶѻĺ쳾֮ӿȥж麣Ϊƴ󣬽ħԨķ򣬶쳾ٵ¯Ǻ쳾֮ٵĵط
ħԨףԭ޲T媲֪ʱѾ֣Ȼǻδָʵ޲TռϷ硣
˵ѽܺռѷ죬ӰܿʧѷùЩǱ޲Tѷۿɫصħ
ħ֮һɲ¥Ѻű˵Ļħʳণȴħ
*
ͼڣҡ⽫СƳ
ѾɸߵдǣȭͷĹʵҡΡڵەDǧһǧɸߵ֮˲²⣬ǧƲֶǿĺ
ǿٶ١׽Ĳټ٣ǰΨһǰǿ֮ǰѾ伣׷֮ҡõһǧ꣬ƽʱչˣ˽̶ԶһֱС绨ݲݵķޡ
ȷǷднĸ׺Σͷ벻ãƳէֵĲ
ƳһС˼̽ǼƲлǷϳ֮ϧǣƳʼնûпڣ޷³ǼƲл˼
ΨһջǣӲʱһ˿ץ
ǼƲлȻʶ˵ʶ벻Ƶ
ƳҡٶĿʱԼѾ챻޳־𣬶Ҳſǰƾ޳ˢʶ
Զ鿴Ϣģֻɬҡ⣬ڵĲлƺʲô硣
û۳ϵۡϢ翵վǰȻץϢ
վȻ仯Ϊޣԭ¯ڵĺͼҲһʧˡ
ҡɽϣ/ǻһ˲Żعüİε̾ǲɹʣ˭ҲȲˡ



363 
Ԥ׵Ĵ, ṳ̂·ɥ쳾֮ڶ̶һ֮ڱǣѱɫû
٣Ȼ
մȾ˺쳾֮вʿ׽簧Ұ, ҳ̶ȸս
ޡ
ݻٵ徻Ѿָ˼յĺׯ, ۴Ľɫ罫ĴƯĺ쳾֮⡣̻Ի͵Ĵ۱, ʮɸߵķ黨״һȱעǰվǰϰС
ü԰׵ĳιְۣڵǰϡΪ, ̶ǧϵòӣƤ̵ϣ˥֮
ķվǰ, ޱϲ˼ƳءԶվˡЩ˼, ӳͳξհǵٳ, Ͷħ̸
Ϣήңƺشħʳ঱ħߣΪͶ঺ͼ媵, Ҳ, ƲԾˣԸǱǿŵĵ̡
ǰ̣˶Խķ֮ǷԸ, ڼλŴǰûлȨ
λʦ, ʼա֪˶ãι, ڵ
ٷ𡣡ϥϱĸλķŴͬʱѶɫɮ޷Թġ
ţ˴ĬġоġˡнɫǵüйЩһ˿߰ش壬ջ۳һȰɿĹţҫ۽˸ڵΡ
Ȳǰ˫ֺʮ΢΢ףٲš
Уûʲô˵𣿡ԶĳʱͻȻ˵
߽Ų΢ͣתͷƽ¶һ˿Ц⣬ָʩлҪ˵
˵꣬ṳ̂ͣţڽɫĹ˲佫û
㶣ƲһЦƫͷԱɫȻӰӳѾͶ̥ת˵Ѿˡ
⻰˵ЩĪӳȴֻ΢򴽵˵ͷ֪
ԭ֪ˡȻԽʱռþӳõ壬ӳǱò߷Ϊ˲ԭݡ
ʱԭĻǻڣֻ̫С޷άȹ̡ΪȡŵĻᣬ벢ûó塣
ǧĨȻȴδɢǰ뱾˽ѿǣ롰롱ݣȴѡǻͶ̥תȥˡ
¸ӳҲһ׮¡뿴Եĳξ˶һۣЯ߽š
˱ûӳüƬ̣Ȼ󣬳üİԥ죬Ҳ˽ȥ
ֻʣ¸˵̸ٳûǰ
λڵʲôιۿˣȻ˥ϵƺûʲôв˫ɨĿȴ˱ѹ
߽һ˲̧ȥҪʱҲ֪ʹʲô챦һɺƴĴϱͻľ޴һ˲ŤΣŻάֲˡ
ͬʱ˵ӰĿ𽥱䵭
ͺ¿ǵϷƭƭ˾ͺã̸ƮԶ
ӳЩˣǴħħ汾Դ֮һʵϣȴǷһ
ħϵһ棬ĳ˵ħ汾ԴҲ˵ùȥ
徻ħǰ˾ۼڷٳӷȻ˲ŷŵ˵ǣżλŴеѹӡ
Ѿ߽ŵӳǷŷŵ˵ǣд㣬Ͳ˿ǷΧˡ
˵Ӱ׻Ϊ֮ʣһֻ̽ץСƵĽקסϳ
ţһֻ޳ָͤⵯһ⣬ɢĹ˲ȹ̡¹ֵֽ̣ץסӽڡ
һϵжˮ֮䡣
ڳλŴƺ֪˴ڣҲûѣĿо
ʱ徻зޣʼĿоСġˡУߡƯģĽɫſʼԽԽʵģܿϵ·
˿Źϵ·һ˿Ȼ̯֣ǿ˸ɫεʯͷڹԡ
ҡڳػϳšʵʯͷǵӵڳġ
ǰˣȻԨ
ģΨһûоִֵĳιڿĶʱ̲סƹ
΢ģֵҲС
ι۳Ƭ̣Ԩ𣬲֪޼֮ضǰкο
˸󶥼󲿷ʵ׽ѾⳡƽٻԶԶûн
٣ظʣƺЩζûдι۵Ļֽ̧ԷеУȻȥ
źȽɫŻʢһļµƺڽѡ
ǡιɻ󣬽Ųϵ϶Ȼɫ䣬ƺʲô˼顣



364 
麣
ݵĺ׻¯Զ麣Ϊģ쳾֮Դһ⣬ûޣӡ
صճޡ
֮ʣ-ɫӰŶ麣ķȥ˲Ϣ䣬ͳԭĶ麣ϿաŨĺ쳾֮ˣǵӰƻãഥɲǺ쳾˿գ·Ƭռ䡣
ִһʵͼ·ĮȻ޻ʡ
ɲǣһӰأĳ֡
֮䲢޽̸Ŀⶼûнǰ߱㾶ԾԴ쳾֮ŰĺףдһâĻ˲û
ӰӰ´ƺܿһ棬ѩ㾧Ө͸ϣɫӲȾһ˿
ҡ⣬˵޳׼ȷһЩ
Զ޵ҡ/ڱ뺣׺ϢʼήҡʮϢ󣬷/Ѹٹѣ㻯ΪҷɣԼһǲʧԭء
麣ߣʥų롰¯Ӱü΢۵׻һ˿˼óһƴξӣеＸɬѶķƬ̺滮һ˿׹⣬һĲӾд˲串ޡ
˿Ϊϸ΢ʥĪͨںۼ˲춯
˿̣Դͺ쳾֮ûĺ˱仯
һ̓ɲسʧǹɢನԴݿ֮˺ΧĴأ·ѵľſѪڿɵĴر顰ɡ¸ӣԷ˼ٶʧһھĺڶڶڲ
ʾһϢ䷢δü뿪ŴһʧǿϢ,ȸѭźͼϢأ޼֮صķּǿϢɽȵҲϢʵʼԴء
ʱ麣ϿѾۼ˲¶ʮλ񾳴ܣ⼸׽޼֮֮Ķʿ⣬ϵʥݰ٣ûٵҲڰйע˵صĶ
ȻעĿģȺǵɫӰΧʮγյشǰΡ
ʱһƳԶʳֺһ͸ΪӴĺƶγһ󺺡
ʼһ-˿죬Ŀ⻯ΪȻ֮ɫ
޺˻û?һˣü˰㻷Цڼλϵǰ̩Ȼڳ˸߿ۡ
䣬޷һʷӿĿռŤΣ·춼ߡ
ϢӰһǰһĳ֡
ǰħеħ޺һ㵭Ӱȴڳ˳һ
?һλ̲סھ
ֵĹͷУȻӵķӣҹϢֻܴһʱķӷ
ô?ҵļɻ?ûй˵ľϷʵĿ޺
ɫһƵĶƽڳ֮˶е壬ܺá
ȷļƻȻһЦǵ˵޺һ̾Ҫˡ
ٷ𡣡һ·׷޺ķ治ɫ˾ţ·𱻵Ĳ
ȴȻƽ񼴽緢ĻɽͣһֹͣڡźŤŤбĵ:?֮Ҳ롣
˵׿£Դ쳾֮໥ƣʳһ޴СжӦϣһƶСϱߵĹߡ
ŹߵĳֽǹСйϢȴҲеļ£ڳ˶ɫ
ˡ֪˭ֻţһаƴСԼԼ䣬ƺڹ￴һĽݡ
ڳ񡢵֮ǰ˽飬Ҳ⡰ݡϵʥĹؼһʱûԵдĵĪľס
ƺǣΪһɺ糯ȥ޾ĺ쳾֮麣ӿȥԴһַߡһһγһĻ澰
̶ʮϢڣ׽ΪٵĲٴشĿ꣬ӣ쳾֮޴ǧе
ԶѰٵ鳹ǰ䣬֮ȫɥʧֿ
ν֮٣ֱһ٣Ŀɲ
ʱͷβû˵ļʥȻ֡ڳƺ˹עν˵Ӱķעһ- ǣ˵
ֻһҰɫƤëӱߵĺ쳾нסʱĺͼоƲԭģƤëǹ޵챻ҲѾʧ
ڲ۴-Ĩǿĸ档
ͼʹص˲δż֡գڤڤһݿҪˡ
ԹΪģĲɢֵĽ𽥱
ƺܲסߵĻۿɼٶѣ·һ춼ҪƬʱ·㣬һɲ״ġ.Ρ
ʱһгһɻֺƴ˹߲ӡ
ʥָ̧һ̣޾ϢޣͬеĹһʧ׽硣
ڶ麣ȻҲ޺͹ߵʧһʧȥټ
ԭʥվŵĵطһξӾա Ϣ󣬾ӱ͸Ҳʧˡ
޵ʧ٣ٵƺҲˡ



365 
ʧú, ӰͬʱԭޡֻʣһƬޡ
ŰµŮ, ޱϲĮһ, һӣͬȻ, Ů, Ƕ˼
˵˴˵, δ, ֻ̤, Ծע޵ı仯
Уƺһ˿ԲĲ, ·ʲôڷӿ
λ͵컻յֶ, ˴۽硣ú, ͻȻڵͻߴż⡣
һ, ȻǵõĬ, ׽𣬲λĬ
ɷѿҵ˽, ֵȴ˼ԪŮ޿ƽһ˿, ﲻͿ̿, ˾Դϲ, 񲻸á
׽, Ҳһߣ׽ⳡϢĶɹȥˡ
ʮҲãҲãֻƵĲдƷʥƶģ桰͵ߡ޵ľӡ
ԣƽ⣬֮ζǺϵ΢ƺСŮҲڡ
ޱսһƬʱգҲ޴ӡ
ԭԨҲпŻŮ֮ģǾ侪ȵĻʯ诵ȴʼղ޾Ϊ޼֮ص
޿˵ʲôûнĻһת
ʯ΢̧ۿǰޣ翣·紵ɢӦٶ޳
ü˼ǰ޲ٿڡ
*
ããĴƳһ޾ݣƣС
ҡ˼جһ־õĳݡȥߣɰɣȴģʼ޷ݡ
֪ȥãȻЩ졣
ң
ƣǴݵӰˡ

ҡߺȻתʮ˻վ򵹣Щš
ģʲôطЩʲôΪʲôϤ
ȵȣ˭
ףԣǵԭȺмʮˣأҡ˼ܿƵȥԴӻج
ЩüĻУһ˼ʱ
ʥԺʶıĳ֣ǸԼΪʥŮóһö£һŮɫò
ţкüΧǸŮˣŮ𽥲У󾹻Ϊһư̷ݡ
̷õĳһ˲ʵ࣡ƺһ̳忪˷ӡ١
ǡӡ˼Ϊʲôɰ̣
ҡŰŮ˻Ϊ̣Ժš˼ģϤ־ֿʼʴٶתݣڵݲ֪ʱԽԽ
ױǹ־ʴʱһ޵ĵơҲܳΪϣϾֻһ黹ڿ֧šǵľĵ
·һ紵ɢʶʼѣҲ˹
˭ڵУҡʶʼ޳־Щġ
̾޷ɢõĽԽԽʵ¡
ҲǼ꣬ҲǶ̶̼ϢҡоԼڵ˳֮ϡ
ݿľͷ·жٻ
ܿƵļϷɣ޾ƺԶ߲꣬˼ĽǰЩ͡
ֱһ޷ġĹ߳ǰڽҡʶ
ڤڤУоҪߵݾͷˡ
ˣˡ
ڼƬĿĹâУҡ־ѹס޳־ͣ¡
ݵľͷʮĴ죿
޳׼ͨݾͷ
쾳¿ߴ˵ĵ仰ȻԺص޳
̶һ˲˼˿һƬâͣ¡
âĪƺһУ޾ʹûʶ
ʶʼ׹ʶ޳־ٶռϷ硣ڱܼ尾Ĺâҡƾһ˿־ǿ޳롣
ڰǰһ̣оʲôԼϰ롣
գ޾ĺڰû

ϣüӰʡ޳ЯҡϷɲͬǰüΪѣһѹͼˡ
棬һŴͻأĺ쳾֮ϣҶϸסһâΪ졣
֦ҵСȻ˻ΣţһӰӶг
һʱɨΧǻֺ޾ݡ
̫һȻ
ԶһȱԪС˲֪ʱ֡ͽ麣ףһֱûīҡ
мɰաŶֵɫȻݣüѹŻӲɢ
ںͼҡʹŪΣͽŶֽ֮Ŷڲϣ˫رѡ
ǰ˵ĶԻȴƺмֲѰ·֪֮£ǰйԼ
ɣǰڵ黹ڡ
ԪС˵ţ̨ûϢϢһ䣬ҲЩ仯
齣ʶɳдŻϲ
ЩĻһǣָ˵սݵķһ
ƥ֮ݣӿһâ˲佫˿ϵˣǰȫײ㡣

ԽдԽ̫ˣŻм¾ᣬQAQл2019-11-28 00:06:59~2019-12-07 23:45:21ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶڵСʹemily 1
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ



366 
Ľձ, , ˺ԵԪɽ, ɽϢƾʧ
ⷬ仯Ī˵Ѱ飬ƺûв
ʧԪɽ, ڻصԹʱ·㣬Ұ׵ʯͬļ, Ƥ⡱µĽǱŷǿ
Թ, һŻ˵ǵΣػ
ǰƯһֻʵĺԪ񡣰ԪԼӤȭͷ, üеɫӡ, źԪ̧׵Ķ, в, й֮ӡǳǣһˡ
ڵӿŻķе˼ԡ
̾˿Щεȹ£״ǰҪˡϣʱ㲻Ϊյľڡ
ڹȼ֣ûĬĬ, Щ߳ŭ˵
˵ЩʲôنСѾͷɻһˡ
˵ŻгһµĲ, Թʼһġȿȡ, ŤεԹڼϢ任һܾ޴ķ
, дĲҽУһͷģͻأ֣һ˩ŲӲŽڷǰ
ǿպϰɡź˵
Ϣ䲻ϵʥˣһѹѰɱȣǿޣ޻֮ıץԪԶԷʵ˸Ϊʶ
Ԫʵ̤صԹ󣬱û뿪
Ԫɽ뿪ģǡ
ǣ˵šܡͨǻڸСֶΣȷ/Ϊ඼вüĵǸӡǱǵý顣
ͬӵԪ飬뱾ͬ˼ά䡣Ϊ˲֦뿪Ǳ˻صĲּ䡣
һʼδ͸¶ݣʱţı¶һЩƩһʼΪ
˵ս䣬鲢δɢƬɢǧڡһԪȡƬеԴеõ˺ô㿪ʼĴѼƬֱԪҵһƬ
ϧˣʱ޷ƬƽƬӡ׼ͼ֮
˵ƬȡƬˣ֪īҡԴ彣齣
ָһЩʵīȴδ˽ɫҪҳīҡ
ȻЩǻһ֮ʣл಻ʵ֮ǲȫĻ
еأǴǰڻصǸɽ¥ֵɽ
ɽĲղءҪīңΪҪղأǾˡ
ղعȻĶ
Ԫۣ֪Ǳߵ齣и֪īҵһ˿Ԫ񣬶뿪ԪɽīҵԪ͸˿Ԫ˸ףīԪǵһãΪīҪȳҡ⡣
ϾīǸƬĶԹҲǸͻȻֵνȤֻ鷳Ĺﾡѽڴûǰ඼ǴҪ
ڣīҵԪˡ
*
ֵǵ˴ǰϵĸ֣Ϊ׵ļʥ޲Tȫײ㡣
òӡ󣬺οǰѴ齣ڳ֮˼˲ʶһνŭ
˶ɵӣϵϢֹ񾳣³޼֮λ¶ԯʱ¶֮ɫīң㣿
û˵ۿݣٴξ齣
ڴʱ˻ƿ֮һ˾Ŀȥͷģž޴ĳƾճ֡
ͬһʱ̣ݺıһĿĹâţͷĳݣˡ
װ޿ʼ磬ռ䱻иʱҪ̮Σ֮˵һڳΪ͵Ķ񾳣ռ䲻ȶǶԲЩ鷳ˡ
Ȼֻǿʼ
ѵɷ΢ķĩ촷ƮˣȺ׽綥״ܸɫףٴС
УûӰɳǶѵĳݡ
ԭǰļʥΪⷬ㽫ֳƣ⵽ΪӰʱɫ䣺Ѱ
ڳ֮˻϶Զ֮սԾ𾪵ĿӰԶ֮ս壬ʱӡ̵ȴһ¡
ʥԶ֮սڼɹΪ࣬׽ֻ֪ʥǿнѾʧ䣬һֹͨӲת޵ʱ䣬վȻ˼ʥ
Υعɵ£Ȼܵĳͷʱ⵹תͬʱ۾Ϊ䣬¼ʥɹΪ࣬Ҳ޷Ȼ
˵ƣյѰһԪ½糬ͥĵӡ
ʱʥӰΪѰ

ڰѼʥ֮ǰ½ˣоŮϷòԽԽorz֮Що˳ˣһȺ̫ˡ



367 
Ѱδ˲Ŀ, ̧ۿѵݾͷ, ɫٱ䣬ȻǱ, 糱ϫ
ͬһʱ, һԼŮ𣬡ǻ糱ϫ
һӤȭͷİɫδӱʥĺͼƮ, ˵Ǵӹдġ
糱ϫ˲ɿݾͷǸĻҰС
Ǻˣʵݼѣȴףҳȱ, ʥڻӰ˵ǰѾ˲ƵԷǰոߵ, ֮µ伸ϣ´ʱδ, һעҲ˿еġ糱ϫ
ӰڽͶĿȴ·͸һˡʥΪ࣬һ¾޷ƿϢУ־Υвʶ, һʱͣ͡
ھͣ͵, ݾͷƺ˿仯, ˺һ, н˲䱻˺顣޹, ˶¶޴ġǰԣתԶ˵أȴθ˱类ľӰ㣬һ֮и֧飬̶̼Ϣ󣬾鶼û
ţĴһƴŻҰ֮ķ硣·ļ񾳴ܱιת˲ʣµԪɷ᧿Σİ
һʱ䣬˶ʥʱҲдüǰСҲȴѣŤн͸
ڼʥʧǰһβӿȻиĵط
˿ʥ׵ӣд󾪣Ȼ඼߲ѣ˰
յӰ֪ʲôӣĿϢīǰδعǰīе齣һƳ⽫˰Χ˿ǵΡ
ߣյһ糱ϫ첨һһз·ĺ
һֱδж棬˿̺ȻóһƴɫꡣɫֺΪһɫСۡ۶ȻĿС
ףǡһ壿ǰİɫгһߵ
δ䣬ϫǡֵ֣ȻӴ˲佫˾ġʵ鲻ļʥΪнǹβܿƵľС
һߣвԪ壬ŽǱǷɨ꼸άֲס̬鶼ްࡣʱ糱ϫǣδģѾܲɢǱ룬϶
һҪס顣ʱѾȻһ⣬һΪţͬλƵķ롣
˶糱ϫУһΪŵȴмŷ뿪Ϊۡ
ףˣʱѾռһǵīüӿһƲ·֪ʲôɵĿ۷ɢ飬ֻǻ㱻֮С
һϵб仯ʵʲ̶̼Ϣ䣬ΧˣǱڣǻδ
еǼƬдУâȴԽԽգľ͵оޡ
գƬɢް㶯
ʱͻȻһӰ·𲢲ܳϫӰ죬ֻҴҷɵɢĵط֪һѪɫʧ
ΪʲôʧˡɫãȻƺδոո֪¡
ģǰ޳ҡ⡣ԺڰĻָԺлһδм䡣л֪ϢǹϢѾԴ֮ˮɢ
ֶԸصʱ̺йһеʱ⡣ʱԤδ粨ϣһǽǵ¼ѰԼԼ󣬵ۺʱεضܸ֪ԷİΣô꣬ʹ˾࣬Լڣ²֪Էںδܰġ
ڣԼʧЧˡ
ղϢڡҡľԳٶ۵תȻһ˫ԣϢʧã
԰׵ϳһĨ죬ֻһץ̵ֲУһɫС
ݳֵͬʱԶݷɽ£۴У˭˭͵үɲݣ
ʱ߻ϣáߣ·ס˾ݵҡԥαԴѪ꿪˻ʱ߻ϡ
ԭŵĻ˲ʢţƮǷ΢âĹ㡣ЩɢΧտʼֲ
ˡղŤҡܸо̲һʱ֮ƯĹ㷶Χڣʱת
ҡĿתĶǰĳ˺ڣŤʱһ㲻ͬ
ȱ顭ϳǰʲôҡٶȱɫŴû˿ɵ֣̽ǵ
ͼֽӴƬʱʱεʴߣڽǵӹȥʱҲʧȥ֪
Υع򣬽Ӵʱյһۡ
ˣ³ֵƬۿɼٶɥʧҡźòʧֵĲȱٶϢɢ



368 
ѩϼ˪, ʱ糱ϫγɵпʼս, Ťѳ϶Щ϶ʱգܼ֮ء
ҡʱ˲, ٴһαԴѪѪǵȱ飬ʱסɢ
ԴѪҡʵҲԳܣǵξѪӡ, ɷͨ뿪, Ƴһ, ɽŲһ͡
һز֦, ϶֮䣬ֻյ̽ƬӨӨҶӡ֦Ϣ벻Ϊƴҡüϸ, ̧һУ֦˺һͨ
Ƭռ䱻糱ϫ˺飬ֱϫУȻ϶Ҫ뿪ѡ˳˾н磬ҡովһֵʱ϶ǰ, ѷһ沼Ƶξӡ
Ǽʥ޶澵ӣȻû顭
ҡת, ʳָ΢, Ľѷеľһ
òȡӣϸ죬֪Զ˿
һ˲ҡ⶯˼ĽɽУ̧˷
Ϣ֮һӰǰ˭ҡͫ͵һŴüŴû˵
Ҳûпڣֻ۾ϸۣƺȷʲôĬʮϢǰ¶ֳЩԥ֣ƺڵԼĶǶԷ졣
֮УȴƺȾ˺쳾Ծ˼С̽ȥҲڶԷʶ֮ڰա
ҡⶢϵ԰׵촽Σջûпڡ
˵ʲôָԼδǰӣΪȴδְ֪ȴӵ²ţ
ѾûѪͼڣҲϵĸŮҲ㲻ϣй֮Եİˣ
ҡ뵽ƺԼ뷨Цǳһ㻡ȡ
仯ȴᣬƺ˿ڰյ֣һ΢ЦºͣϢңǱԴ׽Ȼ޼֮˰ɡ
ԼǲЦԵʣЦЩӲ˵ºͣҲѰĶһ˿¶ȣֹЩ飬òռ˴ˣĮҲС
ҡĿһۣﰵʳ̻ġˡȻǲᶯġ֮ĸమԼֻΪġ޳Ѫţ÷ŭȴֵһ㸺Īɡ
ûиĻҲػ飬ԽִŰ壬ȴ˵о
ֵĪ㲻뼧ʥǵ𣿡
Ŀ΢ƺб⡣
ҡûӣ˭Ҳûеݣ˻糱ϫ
ơȴô꣬ȴһҲ֪ЩӪӪ۵˵֪Σ
ǣԺֻ㶣Щ֣ǻ䣬Įѵôϼ㯣糱ϫԭˡ
ûϵԷķӦҡȴҲ̽׷˭뿪һɫӰͻȻǰ
ЦС壬ҪȥĶ
ҡšüפ㣬˶٣Щԥĺ壬塭
ƺûЦеķȻС尲Ȼȹһ٣ϲɺء
һԵŵܵŮǢദüĲɫ
ദǢҡȴ֣ܿ򴽣ѾûѪͼڣٻ޼֮ء
⻰˵նʱ
ǵЦֹסĿмֻɬ
һ£һҡⲻ˴𻰣ת׼뿪
ɵѾͷֻҪ뿪Ƥ£һ˵ͱ롯ˡ̾˿ס
ҡȻһӦʥ˻糱ϫΪܰȻĻ±Ȼע⡣
糱ϫ׽޼֮ؼ֮Ķ״ܣ֮һδ¡
ԣ䱻˴ߣȡ롯ңǹһĨڽǵĿ˼֡
Ĭ̾Ϣĸ磬Сܴ󣬰ˣ˵ɡ
ҡⲻΪĿˣȴ˼һ£ǵÿݹǳǳһֱѰһָķ֪ȥô꣬ûнչ
ǵöԷһյƣܱȱ鲻
С壬Ӧ˱޿ļɡĻҡ
޿ĸǰҡ˼΢ת˵ȥ
ʱȴȻֹסͷָոմǶһ£֮Ժ˵
ҡü֪Ѿ˿̽Ƭ̣Ǹ뿪ˡ
ǧ⣬˵лָķ



369 
޼֮Ȼ׽, ӲӴǧ뿪ĶС, գΨһͨھŻĶ麣
˵麣, ޶ʧˡָ׽˭ҲҲڡ
˺ơж, ĿأҰɨۣ벻⣬ҡ⸩, ͵ء
·֮, ɽһ¶ûȷӦ, ɽ䡰䡱һըĶȫɽ, ˷ɢ䡣
ʱݻɽҲ, ִľ¶һϵϢ, ǿҵĲ룬ǵɽըٵġסֻûȼ, ͲƵľǰ飬ƬһϸСС
ת˲ɺڶ, ȿֺӿ·Ϊ鳱籩
鳱籩ƺ, ͬк, ϯޡ
ҵ׽ʱ·ط, ӿ鳱, ɲݡľ׽δ¶ǰ
ոٵסӯӹһٵ鲻֪Ϊ̫𺳻ڵشغ첻ס
мǿ̽鳱ķ籩ģκ鲼ǿĺһ䱻Ϣ顣
Ҳûд뿿ֻǸ㱻һ־ǧ磬ֻҪδѣʵٺ᲻־
ڶϢģʶٺԴǧĲ˭ȥҧһھǸԡ
ֻдƣ籩ϢҲ˵Ƕڣ
ʱλ鳱籩۵˲ܣŰĺֻ۵һ֣˸ŻҡɫĹںڶΧЩȻ΢Сȴƺ̲żΪɲ˼֪ǲȴʼղ̫ҪСĶܡ
ҡΪͣԴ˲ԼͬϣЩƯܵĹ㿿
ǰ߲ûע⵽˵Ķֻʱ״̬Щ֡ʶڣһĴָġʯͷǿҵʳĶ󣬾Щ㣬׼ȷ˵ǽɫĹ㡣
ҡʶġʯͷߵݾͷƬâֵġ޳ʶ׹䣬·بŵĺڰУԼԼо˸ѹﲢûжʶȴ˸
ҲʶĶݶѵԴͷ
ò޳뿪ʶֶһסͣҡ⼸ҪΪʶʲôأôһʶꡣ
˵Ǽ٣ֻճֻʣһ˿ƬҲһʱûʶĶ
ȻûʶеʯͷʯͷȴҪ
Ŀмǿϳֻɫǵʲôʥ衣
⣬һĹ
Ųʥ֮ҡ֪׽ƵĻ֮˽йص»ӳԾ
ʶеʯͷҪɫǵ൱Ľɫ㣬ҡ
ȻʯͷԽɫʳ̫ǿңȻӰ쵽
ƺҲһɿڴѪҺڷڽ
ۿ޷סҡһҧ侲ʱǹĪĿŰѷӡǵξѪһԵ壬һ飬Ҫ鳹ʧ
˵ۿɶƵ΢΢죬֪ǹɿֻ뵽ʲô
Ȼ֪ϳʲô£Ҳ쳣ֻ˴ʱڴ˴д⧲䣬ֻۿɫĹ㡣
ǵҡҲ޴ķɶ˻ֻȻӿһɷ磬ܵĺ𽥽ΧǼɫУǹ׺䡣
üķɳһֻɫ΢΢һֵǣɫ㾹ͬƵε𶯡
ǹɷԽԽγһ쫷硣
һߣϢǿҲ˿źγɵɫ쫷ҡ⣬һŽɫ·ɫ޼롣
䣬ɫ㲿ֱ쫷ǣ󲿷ַ·ʶ㣬˺ڶҲûг
Ź뿪ӿ鳱𽥿ʼˡ
ʱȻڶֻϲ֪ʱһֵɫӡǣϵϢƽʱ¶Ĳ֪ǿʢ˶١
ĸ磬ˣϵӡǲȻɫ䣬ƺڹ˼ʲô
û̽ڶУϢ֮һֻʣͷֱһؽָǳ
ǽָǷ·㣬ֻʣ׹ǵ𶯣ƺҪ
һѹȵ˿촭ѹָɢ
ʱû裬ߡޱõַֻȥǱѹѪգֵɫӡԵø졣

鳱ǧٿ׵ޣֻʣ޵ݾڣԴԴϵӿͬһط
ǸطһȻð
ȴ֮ǰɽ䱬ըǽرҡַŽɽ֦֪ǲڤڤжȻĳԭݡ

ʮt_tл2019-12-31 02:35:05~2020-01-07 01:11:36ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лӪҺСʹ 5ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ



370 
ⳡ鳱籩, Ű׽ӵ͹л˹ֻǻ֮Ķ״ʧ٣ֻΪ, ԭֱⳡٳ״ңٷϴ˵ӭһֵϴơӿ֣ⳡϴȻ˳
޸޼֮أʱҲЩ졣ݳֵʱ򣬲˵֪µ, ԯϡ̫ϡ涼ǰڻ糱ϫһȥ, ޼֮ذ֧ħʵȽϿǰ, Ŀɽ֪, ༸⻢
̫ƽʱΪߵΪԴ֪˶, ҲȱԵġ̫ȻǰһЩ֣Ҳû뵽ԼѶĻᶼûо;糱ϫСû˺ϵʥ˵ıӻ, ̫껼ļ˺, һλ̫潻õħ, ס̫껵Ѫ޼֮, ʧ֮ԴȹΣ
Ϊ͵ԯ, ֪ʲô˵һλ˯ħҵ±ӻ
, ûǴɽ, һλʳ¯ĺϵʥ˰޼֮ˡ
λµĺϵʥ, ޼֮ļ¼ߡԨ
޷νһλµĺϵʥˣʱٵ༸ԶɽΧ
Ȼ½ʥˡ˵赭доȴ˵ϼ켸ҹ׺ϵĶ̫ħ鳱籩ǰգ׼ɺϵ٣ֻҪɵ֪е˻Ե
нʵΪ𣬵õԵûػԵͳɽ
ɽٵḶ́˺üλħг֡
µĺǣΪ˱նɽ½ʥˣλˡǿָԪȲδ̾һһλħѪˣħ²ΪҲ˳뿪
ʧλӭһλϵʥˣһһϲɽһìܵĳ֮Сɽɽߣһֻɫ޼뾲ڷӿ֮С
ʱˮգ۱ꡣ
ٴĴվᱻ¸ƽ׽Ѿ𽥵ǰĽѣЩڴгֵҲ˴˵ڴٺϴУ⣬һۼһݱɹҵĳΡ
ķչԭ۵Ĺ𽥳ּǿȻƶʵѾС
ֵһǣٽ֮ŵۡ׽缸󶥼û׽ʱָʵ޷ŵǣͷ£ʼҵΧħ塣
ʧȥ˵ħ֮ħʧ٣ħΧ¼壬ǿӹһٵħ岻Ǹͷ׽磬׽ΧСǧ
ˡ㶦ħ壬ʧʷС
䣬һŮ׽ʣ޼Ķ״Ĭ£һϦ̶̳̰ڻҷ
*
ǧңԶգž÷·ʱѾ̵գȻһϸ΢
΢紵棬ϸСۡ
ʧеһɫӰ
ĿĿԶʱһӰƾճ֡
òϡмӰӣһۿȥȴȻͬ˫۾·˲ֱӣҲ
Ѱʲôϵʡ
Ӳ𣬿˵ҲӣҲѹֳת֡
ɫб䣬ӷ·뵽ЩʲôĪѵ֪ģ˵ҵ𰸡
˵ţƺӦʲôȻתͷĳ
ˡ
ʥ䣬ǰĭɢ
ǰ·һĺǧʱ˳ӸӺƴӿ
ʧĭɢӴʱҲɹâϸ㣬УһСС˻
Ϣĳӱ򿴲ͷԶʥӣ˫ĿѪᡣ
ˣҲ᲻ƿ۾ǰ
ֱۡһѪӺͷӿʥҡ˼£ڼѵŲ۾
ħ塭۳˼Ƭ̺૵ˣѾˣزסǧҺθɡ
ô
ԭشƬָ̣һɶݶȥ
֪ȥãʧĵطٴγһӰ˿ΪǱǧٿף顣
ıһ㻡ȣħ巢ǧλãеϢ˵أ
һöħеĺɫʯͷʯͷﴫ媵˻𣬡㲻ԭʼħ㵽˭Ľ
޲Tû˵ʯͷӽʯͷġȡڸ˼媵
ʯͷ£ۿɼٶȻָȻɫмֲ԰ףûǱ
ңȻ޲T
ҲǼƶ

ǧڣǧļλͬʱӦһףԼͬɫ䡣
ǧĴٵˡ

ддžȻʼϵĵķʣͷͺ˵Ŀ˹



371 
ɽɽ, ɫ޼һһ, ŨԪ
龰, ɽ˽ꡣʼ, ʮ꣬޼ԪĶԽԽɽ֮ϱ, ֻ²ؽɽܿɽ
СӦҪƹˡӰɽעŰеļ룬˵еİӡ
ϵӶž޼뿴˰ΣŻڣǧǷ֮, , Ǵȥ졣
ʲôȥͨԴΪԾЩ׽羹֮ͨһͨ
׽Ľڵ㶼Уοֻһļ̨ɫƽĴ, ˵ƵĲһ䣬ԭûе, Ϊ糱ϫ֮£ǧλñ¶ٲ̽
ǰ߾֮ɫδɢȾ˼˿, ü
ص, ˵ֻ첻, Ȼἰܵܿеĵ, һתǶõϢǰһ棬ȥѯ֮¡
Ƭ̣¶Ȼ֮ɫʮУоСӣ
ɫЩӣƬ̺գģοһҲȻΪߡ
ԣһֱ˵ȥ㲻һȥ죿ԣŤͷ
䣬յľ޼Ȼʼһζ˶ԻȻֹעԼͬڼϡ
*
ҡⷢԼһСڿռ䣬ƺƮһֵĵط֪ε˶á
ԺڵĿռƺһ˿
Լ䣬˵Щ죬ʶ˶
ججһ˲λ
ǰĻʶʲôҡһʶļ
ȻСռӤƣһʱԶϽĳʹУĥѩϼ˪ǣǰʧȥ֪֣ƺҲδָ
ǿʹ˼Ƽʱʶеǿʯͷ΢΢˻Σ㱼䣬·һ۵˵ȥȥ
ҡȻЩ⣬ʯͷȣӰԼЩʱ֪ʯͷǡ
˵ʯͷ˵һŵЩżϸ΢
ĴָСĵתŽɫĹ⡣ЩתĽ⣬ϸƺγһֶص·
ҡʧ䣬ǿŵɳһĨ⡣Ĩһײַܿɻ˵
һһ·𱻽Ȫǹɽ״ƸƺҲһ˲ʧȻܶȴԼЩ֪
ȻԵͽһ֪ǰ޺ҡҲ˲׷Ժֵܳĺ׼˺Լļ¡
м͵ļֽ㱻˺ơҡ⾪ȵĿ˿ָ֣һĽжǿŵɵ
룬ڼϡ
Ĩٴγָ⣬ڱѩһ㣬𽥱䱡ͬʱļ´ԴԴϵˢҡʶĻۣඥ㣬ӿԺ
ЩѾģδģһ֪Ĵ壬ڴʱһһԺ
·ȥãַ·ֻת˲ҡһľ硣ϢûɬĴƬ
±ȫɽɽΪ£ĴƬʹΧԪʼݻ
Զָһֱӽɽ˵Ŀӡ
Ѫƺ飿ֶŮ󣬲ɵ
ǧ絮飬ôҲ޷̶ֳȵ
ü΢ҡҡͷǧδزܵһЩ飬ҪСκһ塣
ƺ뵽ʲôɫмָӡƬ̧̣׿գȻʲôСƺҪ٣
ʱҲ쳣δӽŮ˲Ƶǧա
Умн׹ƴ
*
壬˺£͵͵ɽֻһˣ
ɫµĶ뿪ĵط˼Сڶ١
СˡǾȣ˶ٲŷӦʲô٣
һڵĸоС׼ˣ
ţ
Ĳֹ½ļ˵֪ҡڶ٣Գһ
뵽׽׺ϵŮͶ٣ƺҲûʲôܽܵġ
Լܸ֪׹·Щʲô̯ƣһƴʯһֻ꣬ëά֡
ĺغ󣬾Ϊֻ˼ѡ˸ԪԳĵطһԺãۿʼ
Ȼ֪ûǣ״Ҳ΢飬̾˿

дһ룬оеㆪ£չˣԥĶһ㣬漸¶ǵģΪ״̬Ҫܻ㡣



372 
ɽɽ, һʮɸߵĹ, ޴ڼҪ, ֦һֻѩ׵ĺꡣӨ޹Ƥë׹ΣɵĺβһûһµİŪµҶ, ۾΢΢, Եְ
˿ĸO@Ų, ĺĶ˶, ȴҲδ
У˿̲סƫͷߵȷ
飬ʱʮӦް, ֶŮЩ, ΢״ƲЦ, Ǳ޿ҵģ˵Ժó, û뵽óˡ
ҡԭĽŲס, Ŀת, ˼˵ϴƺ˵¡
ɡü΢, ߵһԵʯǰ£̧һʱһײߡ
ֲָһ, Ԫӿ, һˮͻأӰճ, 㵹󿪵ĲУһ޵ʱӿ
ҡԼ޼֮ʱµҲ̬ͬ
عѾ֪ʱԹ
Ӧ˽⣬ָأķ𣬺ȲԶǰĲ豭޿΢ʥҲļʥɵʱһ
ҡ̽Ŀ⿴һֱ棬ֻǼʥɲµô򵥣Ĳƺȼʥ˻Ҫ
ڱ޿Խ룬Խϴء
ҪԶ֮ս˵ˣ·ûĿ⣬üһָ̧˵أʱ׽Ҳһϵ֮սǳϵ֮սУ޲TΧɣеĺϵʥҲв̶ͬȵơʥδ֮ȴΪǿн޹Ҳˡ
ôܡ
һԵҡ˵仰
һãŶͷܳһʯϣʣ壬˵ʥʧô£λѾѳɵ𣿡
ǲλӣͨתʱգλһ
뵽ʱ߻תʱ̻Ĳȱ飬Լʧȥ֪֣ҡ¶ɫԣΪ˾ȼʥܵ˷ɣ
ֹǷɣԤ׼٣ͨһֱӵʥܴ̼û뵽ø١ǿиı䣬ѾܵʱƣɽʱԵʻᣬ޿һΣ֮ܵǰߵʱյӰ죬ʱմǶȿʵʱմƬ
ҡﲻɶݣߵĴƬǡ
·𿴳˵뷨üЦе֪֮֮Сұ޿αڣвֻϷˣ˵ķݣ˭ܴ⡣
еҡ΢΢һ٣ˣ˵Ƕ֪ѡ
޿ԼԼ׽δһ٣Ҳ޹ƺûзϣ΢Σ·䣬ֱһμȻһ޶ʵ״̬ȴΪͬƺһס
˵˶٣۶豭ţһͨɫĪ˵ʣ壬Ƿȫġ
ȿȡδµĲǺ࣬ЩĿǰߣ壬㿴
͵£üЦһ˵ͼ֮£ʮаˡŻʧܡ
ЩһȭϣЩĻҲһǶԵģȻͨҲѡת
ҡ⿴̲ס廰ͼָľͨȥ죿
ΪԼѾ˱޿Ĵ󲿷ּ䣬û뵽ֱֻǱɽһǣЩȥӲ֪顣
ףԾֳأǧ磬ԭ֮һ֪һĽڵ㡣
һλǿĵˣǲòĴʱ޿̲׳Լѩܡҡ䲻˵
ӱ޿Ƕļ䣬ٵͼıѵóۡ
ؾһ˿ɫ
֮ǰ֪岻ǧ磬֪һܣȴڱ޿˵Ƿ֮ȥʴġ֮£Ҳ֪飬ֱ⣬˽⡣
֮£г֪飬ĸƺ֪飬ټֻԼĸԵ֮ƺ޳ɣ㡣
塭ЩãȻĿȻҲǲ֪ȫòһԱ
ع񣬷·ûҡոյĻ治ɫ˵޿תǰӦ಼ã֮ǰ²Ļֹǲһζɽǰ򵥣תܿ䣬ԼҲԤ֮У˵䡣
Щ£ֱºһ𣬲лȻ֮У˵һ٣ƺ֪ʲôûм˵ȥֻζüָȻûҡ˼ʱ䣬һ仰λӵȼʥͨЩֶΡ
죿
ҡԺ˼ǧȻعŵĲ豭ѾտҲǰ˲֪ʱѾ뿪
նɹ٣вȹ̣Ҳ֪ǲǲԵʣΪϢѾ֪ƽϢ
²豭Ȼеתͷ
һӰ֪Ƕվ˶ã΢΢ףٲǰ
ҡĶסǰʱԼλɲ⣬Ȼˣ˺ϵʥˣ׽͸
·𿴳Ľ䱸벻ڣʱͣ
֮µ壬ͨ죬⣬ѯꪹʥǡ񶼡䡣
˵ü΢Ҳû˵Ůԡκתϵĺ꿴˼ۣɫתߡ
֪ˣֹסĽŲЩûˡ
ԨԴ񶼻ջ񡣡תĮȻƺȾһº֮ɫ
ҡⲻԾ򴽣޿𻹻ţ
΢㶣عһЦҲ²⣬ǰǽѾ׽ˡ
׽䣿ǲǴطݣҡȻЩġ
ǰ߳ĬûзҲûп϶Ļ
ҡȻͷϵһӣʽĺԭǶһƺСĵˣһСİݡ
͸ҵķģ
ݣ쳹ױ޳ʱһĵʶ
һֱ˼ǶεӺζֱ䷢б仯Ե²𽥸ǰ
Դʱʽ⿪ӡõ˼ʥµһ֧ӡȻǰʽͬڻȴЩơ
Ӹʱδ˵Ǽʥģڡ뼧ʥййϵģһˡ
λײβתı޿
ųˣƺֻʣΣ»Լ
˴ʱɫ˱仯
̬ФӵŮɫǵĸŮԵʱˡ
ҡ⻰δ¶ѹʧ֮ɫͷֻȷһЩ°ˡ
ûвŲʣҲ˶ѡ

λ֣ǳ˼ӵһ£Ȼ궼ûдt-t
󣬳ǷСѼԤʧܣ»orz
 ѧЯףװĶǣڼڣƽ֣ͬʱܰѴϴ ֶͨپۼһҪע彡ԹԴ



373 
Ѿͷ˵, Ҷ֪£߳, űź뿪ֶŮü΢ֲ̧뷢
˵תͷԭص, Ҫȥ̫죿
óһɫƣ, ˽Ӧǡ
ȴֲֻǰߵ⡣
˿ûнӣɫһ, , ޿ݵȷһ㡣

ԴŵգҡⱧź޷֮ĺɽ
ɽмСɽ, Сƽʱ޵ĵطΪ˲˱չؾ, ˱Ҫķ磬ٿ
ҡһ˵Ķոš
ĺûѳܺıɿܵһţȻڸղһԲ߲˾衣
۵С۶ӼϢ, ҡ̾˿, ̧һ, ·һε, ûǰһֵʱ϶, һöɽ϶ɳ
̤ǰҴҲؽʱռзɽ䣬С磬ֻҪ뿪׽磬˲ȡɽ䡣
һɽ䣬Сٳ峤ûӣֱʵ񶼵λںδ֮ǰ˵Ĺʵָľ񶼣ûа취ָȱ飿
֮ǰ֪о֪ˣûԶ帽ӹʡ
һǱڵ񾳵Ϊסűͷһٻ£ƳһԵĺ꣬۾һ񣿡
Ϥҡɫһɣһ۾ϳԭʲô⼦ͷɻء
ɫ΢ƴ岻ɫƣקקɽһʻָķҲûС
ҡûͷµĻǰһ·ᵽǰ˵ɡ
ȿȡ賶ҿڰͽɤŴĿ𳤵ĳѾͷȷſң
˵ĹֻѾɱ𴦣ֻϧûܼ㱻һֻץסֻһģӿһ㵭Σ±ر塪״
񶼵ķһֻ̨Ҫ鲻ǳʧָܻòױʲôԼ£ҲûٹĨǣһͣЪ˵
̨֣Ŀ¶˼֮ɫƬ̺ʣ취𣿡
ͷ΢˳ǣקźķӵҲûУʶ
˳֣˭ӣҡⱻҭҭúɵĿϴתȻˣںδ̨ڻڣ
嶼ħˣ񶼶꣬Ǹν̨Ĵԭأ
ͷסĺ㱻Լϣ˶ٲŲȷ૵Ӧ˸ƻ
Ǹ̨ûָķҡⱻȷЩ꣬Ȼ徫ͨİأûֻһ̨Ŷԡ
ͷ˸ӵĿڿڣ취һ츳ͨǶвͨ
츳ͨҡüֱͷʲôû˵꣬أ
Уⷬͱ˵ʻҭסĿɨ񣬺ɫ΢䣬ɷҿ񣿡
ҡмֽģոյɫ仯ҲƬ̣쵽ǰ
ͷҲʶȤûжֽӹֻΧת˼Ȧͣ
Ψһе쳣ǣͫзƽâЩ졣
֣֡ͷЩɻƺЩǼܿƽϢҡ⣬ĵ£Ǹ齣
ҡһֱעֹ̬ⷬдɣʵôˣ
Ƭ̫٣̨һǿٻǡ
⻰ҡϣ˵ģ
鶼һǣο鶼ֻʣһ˿
ȻġƵģȡһŻƶСĺɫ͸ʯ
ǱʯԲͷԼ⣬档Ϊ͸ܿƺҺ壬Һ˿Щ˿ҺУ·ˮݰ㲻Ʈ
ҡⶢűʯ˰Σ۾΢УĿ˵ɣڴʲô⣿
ͷԾúܣıڣ϶㡣
Ϸܶ}ģ޶⣬Ϊĺһһ̣Ҫǲžˣ
ҡΪŹֵ̬ϻżֺɣҲĿģ׻ָǵͷվϷ磬вȵģͬ
ʵǧ⣬ʶĹ㣬ǣֱµסȻĵ׶ʼջżֽ٣ǱʶԸ̫ϸֻƾԼһ޵¡
ߣͬ󣬽ʯϡ
ʱʯȻǣ̯ʯϡûãɫϲġѪ˿·Ѫܰ㣬Ѫ
Լȥ㣬Ѫ˿ʧָԭ״
֪ǲǴʱʯƺһĨϡ
ˣҡⶢüɵ
ûɫµĺ£ƣ˸ֵӡسһӰ
Ӱһţһ⡣
ˡЩͷ󺹣һԪ˵ģ
ҡ˲ĿɵĿʯָһ㣬ʯΣһֻѩ׵ĺꡣ
ƺڳ˯һĿ̫ǿңյĺ۶˶κˡ
ƺ˯Щ£ĺĿ˯죬ЩȡһϢʱ䣬ˡ
͡䡢
ǾδǵĺеĿ⡣
ҡӸոձ㲻Ծŵ½ǼҪƣ״̲ס̽Ŀڵ

˵õʮڣǵڼţorzл2020-01-28 00:34:50~2020-02-03 23:16:08ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ׵Сʹ26371853 1
лӪҺСʹ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ



374 
Ŀ䵽ҡϣƬ, ۵Ȼǿҵ, ʶҪ˵, ˭֪ȴ׺ġޡ
ҡⱻŪЩ£תŷӦȻΣȴ, ´ʱռ, һʱҲῪ˵
㵵ֻͣһ˲֧, ʼͨ
ôˣ
մ, ̱, Ƥëʱ֡
ֻʣһ˿ҪóȻԱߵæ
Ϥ, ҡȷ, ĳۿ΢, ǺЦı꣬Ծ⣺ôˣҲ֪Ϊֻʣһ˿飿
Լڻĺ彩סµ״ǼƽЩϸ֦ĩڵʱܿи, ƳֻаƴС, ɵ
ҡ֪ʲô, 貢ûбܿ˼, Ŀһ, ζƳ裬ͷȻûֹ
ʱ޷˵ֽ״ҪȥδѰһָķһһ
㣬ء
κ󣬺ȻԣȻһʼЩֲ壬ܿԴͳɤ̣ĴС
˵ô࣬Լ
ȻôӦ˵ҡ⻹Ǵ˵ôҴ¯ϡͿݣϡͿչ꣬ˡ
ڳδϸ˵ݺͻ޼֮ʱ£ֻգգۣ԰ԼѾ¡
·˼ͷɽһĪϷûǣ״̬ÿֻάһգʱ䶼ó˯һ˿鶼ס
֮ǰôû˵ҡԲɫڡ
ͷӵ۵ֻ˵ٻǣʱŵһֱѣ
ҡⱻĻҭסΪǻعҲڻָ侲ȷٻ֮ϲһֱδ̫˼顣
֪ǰΪԸٻǣ
ĻȣԼ״̬Ȼ¶Է˵Ҳ֪Լһֱά״̬Ȥ豾Ϊ
ƺµôʣڵ˵Ұٻǣǵȷԭ򣬡˵˶٣֪̽Щ֮ô
ҡ⻳еĺûڣĿǰͷͣפãŵʵҴǰϾʱԴһȻֻǴֲڵİƷ黹ܵЩӰ죬˵ָ֮ı
һ˵ϣҡⶼһ
˵ĸеǸеĸ
ҡѾ񣬶鱾Ҳֻһ֪⣬Ȼǰ͸Լ顰
һ⣬𡭡
뵽סЦĿŻĺ꣬˫ֺݺݵߣ˰Ѻë
ʱΪΪ⣬ΪȻĶ̣ĿԲɣһģ
һԵ״İ·ûע⵽˼Ķֻϳ鴤Ǻ͸ӵ飬ﲢƽ
ҡװûһŵĴͱ飬һ̿ȴֹ˳ߣըëĺë
Ϊġ⡱·㣬ֱӱһӡ
֪ȥãͦʬ·ڴӴлָһȻ޵ķʸ㻹ǵ齣Ľô
˵̫ЩȲֲɫ΢ҡⱻĻڲ׽Ū
˱̫棬ֱһͷ븹С޵ĶбһµĻҰӣһЩصɫ΢
ʱǽģ齣Ȼ֣Щɫ΢ڽϣ㼯Сʡ
ڿֵõһЩ裬ұǴӽʵõУֽ顣
޲T걾ԴķЩ֮ҲЩɫĶķӶҲݴвСİ
ҡ΢㶣ǵ޲TԴ룬ҲһΪȵĲ޲TзֽķʱʱܱᣬȻ˼͵ʦ
Աߵûô˼һ˵ԣȻڻָǺͼе£
ǡûϴʱɫǳ
˶ԻҡⲻȻֻʣһ˿飬ǻָһ˵˼άҲȫָڵ״̬˼άǼ䶼ûܵȱӰ졣
˵֮
ʡߣȷ⣬ֿʼźԥƬ̣һ˻лҪ˵ϷȲλˡ
˵꣬Ҳ˵ɫС



375 
صС, ʣµ˷û˵
ҡⶢź۾, ϤĿ⡣
չصʱ̨һ겢ߣغ뵽, Լϲö˷ǵϲҲ΢
غ޼ʣΪٸߣȻһĹ¼ջһĥ, ս˱һٸ
ǲ׷ġ
һֻë׵צӺȻˡ
ҡع, ŷԼ֪ᡣ
̧ȥ, ȴֻצסצָףۡ
ܴǳϫлõĽ֡ҵշ, нķӡο, ΢˲ԾŷĻ
ҡʰ, ΪЦ, ״, ۵׷·׹, ԡ
ĵװǰľվһ
뵽һֱʣҲǽŶôô£
ȻϣܳһʱûԼʶŲû֪ر޲TʥϻɱҲԼǵиӰϡ
Ҳ͸¶̫ԭʧ٣Ҳ֪ǻ֣˾˵ˡ
ѺһðյľٶΪ˽ݵ׷ʲô£ǻ뾡취鲻
˵ŶƺҲ糱ϫˣҲ֪䵽֪֪᲻ˣʱˡ
˵ҡֻǵڭ𣿡
麣ڭü΢ڭһǲƴ塣ơ
ڭųԼ֪£ǲǴţһ壬ͦϲĵģĳǶ;
٣齣ڶ麣ڭһԡ
ҡ̲סĿ˵
һö£Ҫ¶µĴڣˡյ£֪;֪ڭ⣬ֱ齣ԪƬȫ𽥶Щʶ
£ҡûΪʲôǰûԼЩҲûܵĹϵҲҪһЩ˽˿ռ䣬㣬Ҳδ١οڸ߶ԷһЩʱ֪ûб֮˲
Ҫ֪ܳһʱ䣬϶޲TʱըвԼҲΪ޳ĹϵҲܵﰵĹע
һû˵Ҳûؼ¡
飬ҵ鴦ĳص״̬ҲΪ޲T޷ҵԵʡ
Ȼֻʣһ˿飬ǰָ̨ãɢӦָ
ҡһʣڭΪʲôҪ㣿ԪƬ˵ԪƬīԪڶ麣ºԼһЩ˵
īǰ齣ƺԨµħйʹǰĹʬû뵽īҵԪͲ档ԭ㻳ɹʬйأײѶīҵ̬ȣд׽īҹϵǳ
ĻԾīԯλԯ歹ϵһ㣬Ҳǵİ²׳ģ˵˶٣īҺܿΪһƬ齣ġ
Ƭҡͫһ齣佣ѵīƬ
·֪ʲô΢΢ףص¸ԳĻڻİ£Ԫڻأ뿪
Ҳ˵ӻسֻһ߿ܣҡЩԣ˵Ԫһֱڻأɫһڡ
ԵĶһ߿ܣ
ں˼ʲôۿɫԽԽڣڷӦȻԪڻأǵһһҶܸ֪ʱȡ
ɫûкתź˵ʲôջ̾˿Σ˼ǲܡ
ҡ֮ǰǶԵģ˵ܾͲܣ¶ȥ¶һ˿ע⡣ӷգʱ²ᣬܶǶôġ
ֻһ£һ¡ǰɵİΣʾ֭գȴû뵽˼һֱڰϷ
뵽һյĴ׵ǰòƽʱྶͥѩ׵ĺצӰ½ں峺۾գҲգ޹ǿйһݺ塤һͨĺ꣬ǿѹӲʣ˵һ飿
ûеص㣬һ˿׽磬īǶҲ顣
ȵȣ㣬ڭҲ㣬齣Ϊҡع񣬿¶˼Ŀ⣬Īת

Ȼе٣˵һ䣺˽ڿָλСɰڼﲻܳȥӽorzл2020-02-09 01:50:08~2020-02-15 00:36:36ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶڵСʹemily 1
лӪҺСʹ 2ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ



376 
Ŀ΢У
βϳ, ƵĿͣټϢż˵ҲὫԼڵǱ
Ϊƽ޹ʰ㣿ҡոǹȤԼ, ûؿһ, ָͷ˳Ƥë
ԼǱ塤òڣѩ׵ĺ, ɰԲһ, ſڵ䲻ǵ˼, ܲµ֡
ʲôҡ鲻Խ, ʡ
޷ҶðˡлһĨĹ, , ԼĲ²
ǻԳ飬˵īһƬ, ֮, δ˵ǰ򵥡ɹīҲ齣ϵԪƬԪϢ⣬ǻ˵ϢңѰܹһλƬô
ҡԲšü, ˵ΪԳĻ, кιϵ
ʯϣ֧ãֳŴ, ʳָʶ, ָϰĳ˼ʱһ޶
Ŀа, ̻Ƭ̣ŽĿתصɰ׵ӣ˭ѲҪֻ֪صƬīǵжԹϵīҵԪƬйζݽڻأǻƺ֪īнӴīԪ񣬽̸䣬͸¶һЩ
ī񽻹Σ֮ڻԳĻʶ׽磬ǧ类һ޴Сֻ˵һʼǧġ
ī٣ҪʯƵǲԪ񣬶֮ǰѾԤϵݵĳ֡˼֣޲͸¶Ρ

ҡ˼ع񣬵ȥһѾõԣ˥齣ܲɷ֣ҺԼ޹أ
΢УԿţ齣Ӧֹ彣ǰ򵥡
˵塭ҡ΢㶣Ҫָ飬Ҫҵ񶼵̨齣ȻڲߣҲȷΪ
֮ǰ˵ԼԨԴʵԨԴĸŶԡ
֮ǰ˵ʲô뵽֮ǰ˵ڭ£ʵ
΢΢ףצʯṴʣ۸ոγͼת˲ʧӰ٣·֮ǰͼֻǴ
ȻǲСۼԼͼһʧü̧ͷҡ⣬īҵԪƬ²ͻȻ˱仯ҵҵһЩ仯ܲԼƬδʧʲô
ͨ鶼عʱ˳ӣȻô˵ЩƬȻ򵥵ı˳뵽ˣҡĿһߣ˲Լͬ뵽ͬһط
̨
²Ƿȷ̨ƺĳָĹؼ

뿪û˹˼Ȼ˵ݷ֡ҡʼնԼʥ˶ԸصЩ⣬ħǾ䡰ݵӡ̸䲻¡
Ĺ⡣·֪ЩʲôĻΪɡ
ҡЩ⣬
Բ½Ụ̊㻹ǵŮƽ̣ʹƽ䡢Ů̷ֱӵ׽ļô
û뵽˵ɵļ媣ҡⲻϸ
ն٣ɻǵǸԲ½ˣǶҵ֪һЩϢŮ̵Ĺ·ڲͬƺǧǧ˿ƵĹǻҲἰصѪ֮Դصãǧֹ˱ΪԿ򿪴Կס
媴Ů̵⣬ҲΪǶصѪ֮
ҡﲻⱳһԣⳡֿ֮ã漰֮ԶֹǱ濴Щ
ͼ˵ު֮ƤݣȴûȻ
塢ħ塢壬ͼǼĲлֵ֮꣬ͨͨƺڰʾʲô
ǧڣ׽дĽڵ⣬ƺܣ
ҡ˼ǧƺҲ⹴˼ǣɫӿ˼֮С
֪ȥãʯϵĺ׹һԻΡ
޹˫־ԵĿ¶⡣
ҡ⿴Ƭ̣ŵôˣ
ѡܳɺȻΪ֮ıεʵ״̬ǱΣڼĸ
û˵ǰһӵ뻳
Լʯ¶ȣŵʯ⣬ҡȴо·һů⣬ޱ㡣
ǰ֫ţι̵˿޷
ҡ̧ͷȴһסĺԣ̾һĪұ㡣
ĻҡӿͷԹУ˫ֻ§ס
˾ӵһ˭Ҳû˵·ǧﾡⲻС
Լȥ㣬ҡоϢɼæ̧ͷô㵽ʱô
·ԤϵĶָ̧գףӡϡ
Ĵһ°⣬ҡȴƱȵĻòһ£̵
һ̣ϣ׹һһƴĺʯ
ҡȻ׼״Ҳ˼֡
̾һƬ̺ʯϣʼ̾硣
ɹȲ̽飬Ƕյ裬¼ֲڡ
⸴գҪ칮̾磬뿪ǧȥѰ񶼵䡣

Ҫϰˣһᣬи¹
д껯εʱ򣬺ȻûԴ·е֣ôдֹbug2333ȿȣϾñ͹á



377 
壬Ϊβһߣ
ҡȹ̾, ˵
壿ɫ΢, ѭȥֻɽ´վ, Լ½ĺϵʥˡ
ԼչڼϵҡЩӣǸ˵ģʧڻ糱ϫ, ˺ϵʥɽ, ޼֮ؿº㡣
ֻǣߣ˭Ҫߣ壿
زδм, ʱҲ
Сù, ˣǰһϲ
ţҡչĿת, Ҫ뿪޼֮أ
ͨͨߴߣ֮屾ǧ, Ѳµ˵ġߡӦȥ졣
д, Ǩ, Ҳ˵Ǹ˲죿
ֻСUһԵ, 򴽵, 治ߣС岻Ҳһȥô
ߵɨûд𻰡
ϵʥ²ͷѹһҲľս˵Ļӣһˡ
ȹ̣ҡ⼸ۣĮȻɶĺۼձǳ
ҡšüԴɵʵ㡭ҪȥĶ
ûнĻóһöͨɫɽ䣬֮ǰɽ䱻٣Ϊ׼Ķ
ˡҡ⿴Ķ㶣ʶھܾ
ƺķӦ治ɫ˵ǧ⣬Ϊֻ˵ƽƽ޷һȥѰ񶼣Щ˶٣ƽΪΨһΪġ
˵꣬ҡ˵ʲôָһ㣬ɽУһ̣ɽҡһ˿
һҡ޷֮ɽɽеĶһѶûλۡ
عǰ֮Ѿת׼뿪
ȵȡҡץɽɫӡ
ͣ£ü΢ŵ̾˿ƺ̫Ļ
ҡҡҧҧͷüֻԼ͵˵˸֣
΢ĮȻиһ˿뼸ɲϲɫ·Щţʧֻ̬˶̶̼ϢϺָܿƽӦš
ҡʱ׾ᣬҲûзɫ㲻ʹȥ죬ҪȥĶǲǺΣգ
ҲǼҪ£ֻ˵һЩã˵֮󣬽Ҫ˵Ļ򵥶ˡ
֮ǰ̸ᵽ壬Ȼⲻ̸ףûȰ˵˵ţǹصġĪ֪ͻˡܡ޳ 漰ĸְʲôɫȻѾȥֺαپ᲻塣
վôһɡ
ߣȻԼٲеģȻŮ̬ϵı仯ü·ĺչ½ⶳҲԾº˼֣׼ȥһˣΣȴҲڡ
֪ΪΣĻҡļȴһһ޵ľס
Щɵס䣬Ҫܲȥ
ôΪķӦЩȣĿ΢׵ˣҲһȥѰ񶼡
̧ͷ̾˿㲻صΪȥѰ񶼣·˵Σա
Ǹˣ죿϶˵ҡֻԼ¡
Щεҡҡͷ㲻طϣȥʮ죬òҪ¶ĹϵҲ𲻱Ҫ鷳
˵ɫİò׽
ֻ˵Ҳû͸¶ĶȥĿģֱĵ˭
ҡûа취ֻðʲܴܲǶõһЩ
*
죬ȫ徳΢죬ʮУߵʥ֮һ
Դ˵۾Ҫˡ
΢۾ĵŮڽ˵Ļ
۾˷չظǧ˰ɡ
۾չ֮ʱҶδأ˵Ҽ۾һ档

ţԽԽԶ
˵ӰʧһӰתʵ
ƺһס˿Уֻǹɷ豹Ķʣǿҵ壬ڴǰҲҪȻʧɫ
ףָָ̧Ծһɫ⡣
ǻϸϸһΧʱȴ֮״
ţָһǻƿʱգȥ֪ȥ˺δ
Ϣ֮һָĻը΢ˣ
Ϊ֮Ҳʣǧֳ֮ڣҪһ
ָĬƺЭˡ
΢פԭأ·ڵʲôƬ̺һƮǰ
֣⣬飬ȴһ˿ɡ
쳣ִͨʲô
۾һӴҴҸ
۾΢ת֣һɫȻ·ʲôҲݡ

дǧģддŻרһƪдһ졣΢۾˭ӦѾʾ˰ɹŮҪ뿪׽ҲζϾˣᣩ󻹻з⣬ָ顢ˣħǧ֮ģ֮ǰûĿӣл˵˵룬Ƕ˭ȤҲŮ⣬ʱûд˭
л2020-02-23 20:01:32~2020-02-28 00:43:59ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лӪҺСʹɴСż 30ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ



378 
Դǰǳٹ, ˡ忪ʼΧħ塣ħ桢ħʧٵ£ħ翹˶ʮڻҷ𡣷ħ߽ˡȻҲˣϾǰħԸ廹Ŀħڶĺ±, ࿴ᡣ
ǰĴңٱ׽Ԫˡħ屻, ʣµٿս, һ޷ܡΪ˱֣Ĵһϼ, ׽粻һΪδ£ô, ɴһռһ룬ҲʡɼܣͲճˡ
ʮʥĵ̶, 弸ڶ, ԺϱĵΪ, Ϊ磬Ϊ˽磬廥, ǩ˸겻սЭϢ
ı׵ĸֵĴ, Ȼһ仰ͿԽ, ˫Ƥʮ꣬ڽĸ˴һ£ԼֻϰŽ󲿷ǨƵ/˽硣
ǧɽأȻ磬λþ붫ĵЩʥȾɴֱԴɽŲ
ҡ״̬µȥǧɽû·һ֮ɺǧûо˱ء
ȻʥһûϢҲˣĬ䣬ۿҡⱧһֻʥȻв²⣬ȷǾȲѡ
˼ʥ⣬Ȼĸĸ˷ַֺϺ϶꣬ڶӡ䡱໥ο壬鷴ȹȥҪˡ
˵֪Ӳδ侪ϲ֣Ϊ״̬ϲ˲䱻һˮ
ҡ֮ǰ˵ã͸¶ȥѰ֮£ֻ֪Ҫ뿪׽磬Ѱһָİ취
Ҫ뿪׽絹ҲȥκΪϣȥ̫ǿֻա
˷ȥĶѾ䡱꣬Ϊǰ峤ȨԣĶ
ǧǰѾж峤֮λεһλ常ʥ
˷塣
ǰһҡⱧźڹ˷תƣԴϴΪó֮ϽұΡ
㣬еصС˼źߣëĻԺˡ
Ϊһʼȥĸ棬̬Щʧ⣬Ը˵ϾʹӲܿӦʱҡ⻳ɨϤĵطĿЩӡ
ȥǶƺЩʲôȻԼƽʱ޵ľңҡȥ
߽ңҡָ´ؽơ磬ȡһϻӡ
ʱҪ򿪣֪ʲôաõϻӣҡⱾ򿪣ֹ
ҡЩüĻֻɨϻ֮
Ƭ̺ԲЩŹ֣㣬ô
ʶȴΪķӦЩ⡣
ҡɫȻĵͷü֮ģǧͷĶ
ϻװſȭͷĻɫʣЩһƣʵ֮䡣ȭͷһ㶫ȴ·̲ܻصĿֲ
ǴӴме֪ϻ֮ʮһսݴطʮ컹ҪԶ֮ıǻսеĲ
;廨ţһǽ֮Ŀһ磬ɲֲС磬ǧ硣
ϻǵ齣һĶȻ֪Ӧ齣˵
ҡ֮ͬĵĳø
֮ĵϢڱϻסֲúҪϻӣϢһй¶ǧɽĴסƾϢʱҪۡ
е֪ϻ֮¶˼֮ɫŵͷȻˣƸҲۡ
ʲôҡסȷӦ֮⣬糺գЩڵıܿߣĸղŲĸǸ𣿡
˻ǧɽһǱƽǼĸ¿ƺһ£ȴһ
֪ҡ⣬Ҳ֪ԼӵĹϵʽİݷûͷһ⣬Ϊ˻רҡණ鱦ϵҩһƷ
Ǹĸ⣬ҵ⻹ͬġ͵ҡȾϺε˫뺬ӣԵЦ⡣
ҡһĿⲻ㣬ˣⶫֵٿɵһǧ硣
˼Ķ˶٣ں߱ǰЦһ˵㣬׬˲ֹһǧ硣
ȻǺ꣬ӲҡװЦһ
˵㷴Ӧԣǰ֪Ǻʹ㽫Ƹ͸ң
ȷʱ⣬ұһ
ҡЩ棬ʲô
ȴ˹ӣԺ͸㣬֪ʲôˡ
ҡⱻģ˼Σκκ߿ڷǲ͸¶յֻա
˵˻ڻĺ¶ƣ̬ҡĿ񣬴Ǳʥ뿪ǧɽ
*
Ǩ룬Ȼ޼֧֮ħᡣͨûб¶ֻ͸¶Ҫ뿪׽磬ѾǣкϵʥûԸ⵱ͷ񡣿޼֮壬ζпԴֶΪ
ɽǰ
Ϊֻת֮ӣ˵ǧ磬֮أǶɽϲѰ⴫˵Щ飬ҡЩ˵ν֮޷Ǿһʱռз죬ΪзܵʱղȶԵλҲʱֱ仯
ҡ뿪ǧɽ󣬱˻ϣ׵ĴȪɣҲ
һԼ˺ϱֵۣҶɳʵɫڲˮ
ǰħ֮Ѫɲ޵ħҡĿǵõԼͺ걻Ѫħ׷ɱں«óһ֦
ͻգȻ֮˿ûħϢҲ֪Ѫɲģ
䣬Ȼǰˮ߳һϳŶǵ꣬ߵǰĹ˹룬ҼѵȺʱ
ֻ΢΢ףδ𻰡Ҳδ⣬֮¡
ȴԭλϵʥˣ¿ٳһС硣
Сò׽ƣԣֻиһ˿֮Св飬ҡ֪һĿȥȻܿһΪġˡ
ⲻƳĳط΢
ԶһԼ߰ŮͯվԭأúĿ
ôˣеĺע⵽ʵ
ҡҡҡͷĿǸСŮƿݸ¡
ûСŮϸ֪ϢֵǣϢȻһѾͬһˡ
벻ǣʲôϵأԺӦнˡ

˱һɵĸۡۡǬ̤У·ֽһͬʱա
λ֮δ¶棬·ʲôԸֱӽ쵽һ̨ǰ
ҡ⿴ż̨ɫ΢ֳˣԴ硢Ƶļ̨Ȼǰ̨ϢΪµöࡣ
еĺע⵽̨¶Ȼ˵̬
һߣƺڲ֪Ѿ˽ü̧һУسһö򣬳ҡȥ
ҡʶӹ򣬸һɨһЩ񶼵Ϣ
ûݣһᣬգ۱䵽̨ϣһĻˡ
һ̨̣׹⣬ΧʱһŤҡⱧźֻ꣬üҴƳۼ̨ˣһ֮С
Ϣ󣬼̨ϵڰ׹ʧ̨ƺҲΪظ
ڼ̨ͬʱһâصʱգǧ硣
ֻâǴһ޴Բ㽫ǧ绷ס
ǧڣǿޱȵ֪̽ͻȻֵâǺǧ˵ϲǣ
ǧ粻һ꣬һŶʮߴĺɫսͧ۵ռǰУнĿƺǧķ
ЩħϢ޲T媼ΪƣϢΪǿһƺȲ໹Ҫǿһ
--



ĵдǻеĶ£ðҳϣΪչдʵ̫orz
һжᵽ΢۾ݣѵд̫ޣʥͯЬǵ۾һ˿΢۾ֵܹϵһǰķʣǰУʥݿԻòΪۣһ˵Ƶ˶еϵ۲ٿܺеϵ֮˴ӻ糱ϫӳʾʥҪ۾ȥ죬˵ܿ˽۵ĵϸһУ΢۾˵ǧֳĶ˵۾ĵܵܣһд۾ƣԣۡȻ𣬴Ǹ̫ҿһһ£ҵĹQAQ
֪ҶƪԤոȤһ㣬ĵϵġbug˽һ¡Ϊİʱ̫̣ԤղƪĻʼеѣȻҺдϵģﻹǸоеԴȷһţԤдƪԤģ뿴ƪȻҸ˱Ƚд촩Ǳûдĺٺ٣Һܾû촩ģ֪ڿ촩Ļ𲻻һ㶼ɶͣҪһЩ׼



379 
׽, ɫķâȼ, Ŀȥܹһɫ, Ӳ֪ͷ
ֻ׽ֵȱڣȱΧɱչս, ξƺط
Ϊ׽еŻ֮һ, չʿԣãա
ʦ𣬲½λ֣źڰ׵۵ӿսķ, ֻüļɡ֡
Ϊʦϵֽ, Ϣ, ˲С, ͽܵļ򣬡˲翿, ½粻Ϊ׽ƴ, ȥ׽硭
ûн˵ȥ׻δ֮, սг, նδΣ֮ʱ, ͽһѪ, Ҳħ̤ף
, Ϊʦ˵ϵ̾˿˵ʲôȴǰߴϡ
ʦ˰ɣȥˡûʦ˵Ļᣬս
ϵͽȥӰ̾һѵҪף˵ȻЦһԹۣһֵ½磡
մһ޵ߣϵƺһһѪҰ׵Ѿ֮ɫ
һߣطսճһ볡ħڵαħʱ
սʵɽڵʿⱻΪֻһǧ꣬ѾʵʵĴߣ˵嶥šڴǰĶģϧ׽磬ţҲֻΪмС
ȿɲǺϵʥ֮սҲǾսƵĹؼڡʥ˾Ͷʱգನޣ˲ԼͬԶ
֪ȥãһǿҵ𵴣һ׵˴ʱ̤ɲѹֱӽļħѪ
ʥ״̬ҲֹֻۣۿյŵԼۡ
״ʿѾв֮⣬ħһߣʿ߰
Ϲٲ֣ھͶ㣡˵ʥ˳ŭһŽϱ۽ӻԭһϵĶϱ۴⣬ɿϡ
£һͷiڵʿس֣Це˵ս𢣬ҿһжƺ·磬Ͳųˡ
漴Ȼɫһ䣬ãҲб䣬รɣ
⻰δɢѾʧӰ١
׽սָ񺯹һλϵʥˣ¹֧Ԯʥ뿪ǰһλ˶ߣʣսһλϵʥˡصȥսȻɫѪڣʱҲ޿κΡ
ս˲Ϣ䣬ⷬҲŹȥ̶̼ϢսҲûҵӲͷƤطϵս
Ŀһе׽ˣʿͣԣħһ˳Ƹ߸ͽ
ʲôȻͣԶ
ΧͬڽڰˣɱɱѾħе̧ͷһѤĽңң䵽ϵս
ƺ̶ȿĽһ˲ϵս㴫һĺ
ǺӦһλϵħش
һʣһʱս֮У˲Լͬ򽣹ķ
գۼ䣬һŮɫЯ
ֳһѳ滮֮·ܸգǽӦѽġڳʹǽޣȫǵ֮С
ԱߵŮӣһ˫ɫﲨӯӯ·飬֮ò˲ֱա
վһƺ˲Ȼ޹⡣û˵һ仰ֱӼϵսսԵС
һ㣬֮ǰѹսħһ޶գһǱߡľ棬Ī˵ڳˣȻֵҲ¶ֲ죬ƺźϵħ˲һ
µħԣ׷ӡܷɾħ׷׷ĴӴܵĵˡ
պⳡ·תսڸһ䣬ϢչأȺܡֻ˶ں棬ͻȻ׽ĺϵʥ˭Ϊλ׽磿
*
չǧħ裬˵еŻʵʲ׽ǧ磬ɼλϵʥɫ籡ٵС磬ս֮ơ
սһڰյĵ죬һֱΪפʥ˵ľ
ʱվˣս𢣬ҲսϵעˣĿЩ졣
ǸѾͷ㣬Ƴӣеȷ˵Ǹ壿
ϡ
սȻ¶һ˿ŷȻЦǲǺһô
ߣҡԲü
΢˼
ȲΣ΢Ȼֱܷ仯ս𢿴ƺĲ˽飬㽫Щ귢¸ǡ
ԭǧǰҲ˺뿪󲻾ãǧħֻмʮȻʱƣԽԽսǧ⡣ЩħʵǿԴԴϿԳ䵱ڻҵαħ
ڣħǰͻȻֵɫ絲סߵĽŲЩ죬һ̶ֹħǧ磬ħǿҲѹħʵʵԽǿѹƵԽݡླħֻܷĳʵϵܷӳңơ
ֻټ̵ĽҲȱǧܿ췢֣ڽѹûղⳡսۣħڽչһǿ
׽Ľ㣬˷ΪսչŻ⣬ٹءһŻͨһλϵʥפأڽڻϵʥعذǧ׽Ȼɹסħ֣ҲʧأȻûкϵʥ䣬ʮλ֮
ǧ֧Ԯһλħĳ֣
ƶȻѾͷ棬Ҳˣ׽Ϥĺܿϳݡħ޲T
ֵǣ޲Tѽ࣬ħʵȴҲߣħΨհƾŶ׽Ϥ׽˼δ֮ǰλ˵ĺϵʥ˱֮°ߵġΧսϵħȻʵѹƣͨƺպܿҲ޹ֺսӡ桪ս·硣
ҡ˻Եɺ»չܷסֻǸδ֪
˽ЩһʱĬû뵽뿪Щ꣬ħ徹Ȼǧ磬޲TҲ˼ƶ
Źȥǧ꣬Ƕ˵Ϊô֮죿սǹֱץ֪Եɣɫӵ˳
Щˣ²ŽϵȻ˺ϵʲôʱϵף
һЩСԵ˶һۣҡ⺬˵
˻Ե˺нĬϵĹ
СԵս桰顱һվɫһŤƺǣƣҧϷȥˣǶ⣬ҳǰ뿪չأ
˵꣬Ųصˡ

صд׽״֮¶Ů֮Ĺ¡л2020-03-02 23:55:45~2020-03-12 01:42:57ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ׵Сʹٰ 1
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ



380 
, λ鵽ˡ
վڴǰת, ʾ¼˵
Ƹƫ֧꣬ĸȥ޴, Գʯһ, ʧٹһʱ, ٴγֱ㻳СﲻǰУ㽫׸˵ס, ӣȻ΢΢̧
üü, Ůܻ, ҲѹҪĳ
뵽صĵ, лһ˿ɫ, ꣿ鲻
ɫһ, ׵ˡܣδҵڷ︸׵, ׷¡
һ, ߰Ѿڡ˵, δ˵, ⴫˵
Ŀʶ, , ȻǸеĪϤȻǴصֻ, Ҳѹֿᶯ˼
ɫ̫ûӦʵעһѡ
ע΢
ʱξߢɪɪȹΣֹǺӡеģЩ
ĿûڣŮ˵˺ܿߡ
ķӦЩ֣һ㶣彩סƺǽ䱸䱸ܿȥ¶һĨ˵ǳЦ
ܲɫȴҲòϣһƤңɫڵǸҲƥС
ǣΪ䱸Ͼ֮֡
ƺߣһ绽
ԺЩͽ䱸ⲻ˵ֻĿ
߶ţȻЩס֪̽ӻǰǣû˵ӯӯһݣ˵һֱûлл֮
ʮ̸ֶ̣Ҳ󷽣վǰĶҪǿ֪ΪΣܾЩ죬޶ֺøҲΪŽ
й죬ﻮһģͷʹԺͽҡɡ
¶һĨֵĻϲ֮飬ûԥĵͷãӴԺұҡ⣬޹ϸ𡣡
֪ҡ⡱ְȹ˸£ֻʶʮʺԥܵģҲ˼֣üЦΪҡ⣬Եâɣұһա
ƺûϵ˵˫΢ıܿߣ͵Ӧáҽ뿪ˡ

ϾֻּСܿ콫֮ԺżŮֻƬϢԺ
ֱһգ֮˷壬һۣ˵Ȼ֮壬ǿҲŮġŮ
̥дġġҲ޷ŮǸһӣѡһ֮ŮŮﵽԪ֮ʱɽɵϡ
Ҳ˵֮ѰŮ˵ǷҲдȶϣϣȻҲп޵ˡŮҲȫ⡣
ҲΪˣǵ˼ֿ嶣ֻҪ漰ʲô£ҪʲôʲôҲ޴ŮɫĹݵȹ¡
̶̲꣬ϵĴòٲȻѾޡ
˶֪ǹˣϱӡδƲҲδֹ
˶һ˼ΪȻ˵ʮ̸ָ֮ǣǵ⼸˵ЩĿ
ͿϵͿ׷ʹ̬ţͿǺţʾԸһŵҪ
δ峤һŵһֻòĵܻ㡣֪ΪΣȴܾͿǺ顣
һת۵ֻȪض֮ʱֻɨһ۱ûȷ˲
Ϊһֿȵ峤֮ӣջʤ次ȻŮҲУȴ޷
ԳơŮӣȴ뵽Ǹҡĵ
Ϭؾĺףһڶ޵ʹ£һһ˵˼£ˡ
ҡ⣬˵֮ǰ˿ҲǼɫ⣬ͬһˣôĹעѾƿء
ȻЩ߹ԼĶЩһ֮Сº䣬ǹĪϤУԊֻٰ֮ƶ
ҲƻȻϢһ߷֡ЩΪԼ´ˣܿ죬֡ɽµȷͬһˡ
Ȼȷвһ˼һ˳Ϸ

е㿨ģдһΪӽǡһʼûᵽ£ҲԲİͷ仰2333л2020-03-12 01:42:58~2020-03-19 01:11:11ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
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381 
һöȭͷĵڰ, Ǳ沼ͷĿѣĽɫ·
ڿҡҰڣ·жҪƿǶ
ҡ, °ĿתĶ, üͷƺʲôط
֪ȥ˶ãһO@
ϤĽŲҡ⾪תôͻˣ
ûбҪȥ, ˡ˵䣬Ѿǰ, Ŀǿڰյĵϡ
ҡⲻü, Դε̾˵, ְˡ
ջ񡣡ɫĪҡҡͷ
Ŷҡ, ̲סס, ʲô
صǧ꣬˱չ, ŷ׽硣
ȥ⼸ƶ, Ҳ޲Tй潻, ƽָա
޲T˵ħĿģ˱ǧҪ顣
ǧ, ˴ļ̨뿪ǧ, ˵, һЩ񶼵Ϣ󣬱ͣȥѰ񶼵䡣
ҲǵȷԨԴֻʱ䣬ҴһʱѷҵѾɷ񶼣˵е̨ȻҲûʧ
ָ֮꣬˻δ뿪񶼣㱻һʱ쳣磬бʮ꣬Ϊ˫˫ͻƵϵ
˱ʮֻ꣬ȥǧꡣ
ǻص񶼺󣬷ڻ糱ϫбߵ齣֪ʱ񶼵ķС̳齣̨ָһ̣Ҳ̳д
ⴥ˷һʯ˵֪屻Եĵ
ʵȥʮ֮Ĵ죬дһ˵졣
ǣ䡢岻ڣǼӴ챻ĶҲû˵õ֪ںδǼʲôҲ˵塣
ǧı¶Ǽ
ҡеķ֣Ķйء
ѰҡΪΪǽ⿪ǧΣԿס
ͨ˵˶һжҡΪӴصǿŵ쳣û뵽ȴջ
ɻǵҵĶôʱѾָȻû˵ķ֣ȡһֻ͸С
СڲпգһεĽɫɳƯС
ҡüСеɳĿ֮ɫȻǵá
ҡɽ壬赱ӻŵģСɳɳȣöƷԪʥƺҲֵһᡣ
ҵ񶼺һСǨ񶼣˵Ҫؽ񶼡˻ǧ磬岢δ档
ֻԴӺ̨齣»صУƺ׼ָٹϣ̬ȴ䡣˲ٹأӵɳ
趼˵ɫɳһ֮ػĶپ֣Ҳԭˡ
Ȼ˵ÿɷ񣬵ǰҲȷоصɳӴǼйء
ϧо˼Ҳûʲôջ
뵽ҡһۣʾ˵
ھŻҵġЦһֻȻһɳֻɫѪ͸ʸС
ŻԭݣѺеߺĳ죬ȻʧֱֹĳڶһС߽硣˷ȥΪյľŻ
ҡ⿴״ͬɫһġɳ̲סšüɵ⵽ʲô
˵ģȴһתյǿŵ
ʮʱ⣬ûн㣬ǷĬ㹻ҡ˲˼һ˼Ŀ⾪ɲ˼ǡ
֪ʲôǰŵݾͷʱʶġһǴĻǰһʵĴ顣
һΪʲôʱʲôĵط
ȻѾ²⣬²̫˼ҡֻ֮С̧ӣĿ⽻ճ
֮ɫӵ̾ǡķ֡
ֻǣǧôаգĸ첲
ɳӣȻǧĺ֮һ
⻰Ӧǧˡüһ̧̬ĽŻɳСС
ɳһ·й֣ǽһ
ɫѪ콻ڣƯĽ֮ɫ
ͬʱµĲ񷣬ңԶǳλ÷ƫơ
̧ǳķλһٶҲ׽ļط׽ĴǧҲвٺϵʥ񷡣
׽⣬ǳ춯ļƶɫһ𣬡׽磡
˵ǿд룬ȻʱǰʱպȻʼ̮һһͷľ޴ڶǧС
ֲεʱǨԾǲҲ׿Χǧħ忴ɫ类˺ѡ޴ĺڶǧû
ǧ磬ǰߡˡ

׽ľཻˣ֮ķʣӴߵʲô
½ھǹŮճǧֵǧֲȣôô



382 
׶, ϲܶǡ
׵¥ռڳȸĵضΡĽ¥ٽֵİҰ, Ϊ, ֵľɫһ, ĿԶܿʳһ硣
ԭ⿪ţֻ¥ˡϵϵʹãȴϵ, ҡ
ٽֵĴ֧𣬽ϸﲻ룬嵭˷ڵİա
ûҡ۶ϲ, ǿѹ¹Ĵǣüһ, ߵǲ⿴, ߰ɡ
̧һˡ飬, ûС
ҡ⿴ԲԵģ, ̿ĴӴŲ࣬ק䣬ǲСĽ´ô, ҶѾǸˡ
ת, ϳ⣬ȻǸǸֹͷϵĵǸ
ŵĻ, üͷݺһɴۡ
ҡڴڡһЦ
ҹɫã˺һ̫͵ļ𣬺źž͹һˡҹպԼм⣬㲻᲻һţ˭֪û֮£Ȼ˴
˭ҲûԤϵһڴϣһڴ£۵СۣŶʮϢЦУһŵ뿪ıӰмĶӵζ
˵ʶôãδǱֿɰģֳ塰ΡѪҲʲô׵ľֹԼǰԼϲŭö񣬵еʼմһɡһţȻĪˡ
鶯ʱ̬ͬһմ.֮ɫһմ˺쳾Ǳ壬⣬ҲΪʲôҡõԵʣһ´һ¡ֲŵɫǺЦмִԼΡ
ӵ˼ҡѪߵǰӸµĿŴ˿̽ϵһĻ
һܿͷСĳͣ¥Զռȥֵһȡǰò毺õŮЩǱĹڵأ˳ȥ·
ҡ̲סüֻǰⳡеϤ
߳һӣüĿԴǡ
ܻ壬ǻӡҡֻƳһۣ㿴ʳǵңӦϵг֮ơ
֪ʱҲߵߣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥʱҲüһۣ֪ʲô
һֱû㣬ңʲôҡƫͷŹӰУֻһ˫ɫԡ
û˵ҡָʲôʱ򣬵˾ʵȻ˵һĳ
߻ع񣬴ҡΪĳĬ̲סüʱڿڣò̫оġ
ҡбһۣ¶ЦЦɫĵһӡͦ׼ġ
֡Ӣ۾ĻȻʤĳҲȷǰ㣬оġײ͡
֪һ£赭д˸ִЩơ
ûҵԼмְҵĳ·𿴳˼΢΢¶˿֮ɫ
ҡ΢㶣ŰۣŶҸøеˡ
ζĿһۣûд𻰣ٶڽǼܱĳǰ
֪Ϊ֮ᣬԼҡһҲת⡣
˵ĹŮҲӽ̸ӣѾ׼˴ˡ
ҡü˵¥ʡ

ԶһȺˣ˵Ǳӵмˡһѧ۵Ů
£ֻһ˫ϵӰʾѪ⡣
Ǹӿһʱ˸ոյŮӣĿ¶һԳƵЦʦãʱģ
ŮΪֻ䵭ĵͷӣŮӣҿԴ𣿡
ѯʣȴڱصõĿǡ
Ц΢ָͣܿĿŮŮѲʦöȤ

¥ϵҡⶢŮĿò
ǳ롭κɫӵ૵
һԵҲ˽ŮĹϵҡҪֻ࣬Щ˵ŮαħѪ
˵һۼŮӣ֪ĵϸֻ㿴Ϸû뵽Ȼ벻ˡ
λ롢ӳȫ֮£תʱͬĻǣҲͬһˡ
ҡȥʹ⣬²ڣҲһתδɢ
ǰŮ鲨ڳ룬ֻǿδǰ䡣
һֱŮʵ
Ѿ׼뿪ҡҲ¥˵еõ֪ģ̫ܳʦĵŮѧ洫ӡ
Ժл˵ɡ̾˿Щͳ
ʶͬˣǳƽ䡣ҡΪ֮ǰǸٲͬ缸ʮ꣬ϲ֣ȻΪǣȻҲ˵ˡ
Ҳҡ嶼ǵԵʣԺŭԹĿ쿴ҲЩˣҪһЩ̻
ȷǳ̫ʦŮǳתҲʺϳǰ
ĳ֣ԳֻǽΪݣǵпܶҡƽ⣬ҲǹȥϲԵʡ
ˣǿȥ޼쿴ĵ䣬סļ
ǧ룬Ȼܿħ壬һݡǧ磬Ϊǧıһ·
ҡһ㶣Դת˼ȦŷӦ֮ǰ񶼿һЩʮţ޼һΪ޼澰޼ġ޼ֶǰͣ˳˵Ҫȥ޼쿴û뵽꾹Ȼǵá
Ϊ⻰ɲǼ̲סתֻסĲЦ˵һȥ졣
죬ʢС
ǲ磬˳ȥԽ졣˫ۿס֫治ɫĴ
˵ʢУԽһˣ͵ڶࡣ
ѽҡƤЦⲻЦĿȥȥԽںΪǲǺδҲ̫Сˡ
ûж ֿʼʲôëˣ
ſ֣ǰƿ
·ϵĶһһֻץ˫ְǰ
ҡüЦʾĻص
Цһǻ𶯴ϡ
ҵңսôˣƫƫһۿҵĳݡ
ҡգգۣش֮ǰ¥±ʴϵġ˵ԼøеĳĻ
֪ĺûҸոչﻹòһ£˹˵ĺ·۶Լʵмܡ
̬ͷѵˮĴǡ
ģҡĳ뵽Լ´ƺܴʼ˼Լ֮ǰżߺ´ǲЩ̫ˡ
ֹƤ£ϤͬϤԼ㣬仯ָơ
Ǵʱķ˼֮ǰĴ˼С
˼żȻǱһֵȤǾĺá

֮ҡյҵתϢ뵽תĳ룬һ룬ȻҲյľٶ˽Ҳ˽¸ΪյļοòȻǶǰһǸĻӦ
Ҫʶд۵ģ弸Ǻ岻õġ
֮ͨЦһֻ꣬Ϊ˺һ봲Ȩɷѿˡ
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383 
ҡ, ûҪҪȥҽԺŵɫȹŮһĵ˵
ԱߵŮ̫Ѩҡͷ, ˣƶѪµġ
ɫЩ԰, һͷ˳ɢڼ, üͷ΢, ƽ׶˼ֳͬ, ΪոյĶעҲ̲סƵƵ
ոնлס, ǲŵˣҡƫͷһʼ˵Ůл, ոһȥϴּ䣬ϴ̨ȻԣȻֻʮ, ûͬ飬ҪֱԵϴּ
ûûУû¾ͺ, 岻Ļ, Ҫ۵, Ҳ۵òˡŮڰ, ƺЩִٺͲ⡣
ȻҶͬѧԱΪСҵʱģࡣҡⳤúãϵҲЩ, ŮĲ, Ժ, ƺЩһˡ
˵ﲻһԼʱĪеš
ŮͬŮĻҲ׷׸ͣԸҪȥ
һȺ˳Ʒ꣬ͿԶƺʲô£ΧһȦˡ
˾ֻգԼк硰˧Ϸ𡱵Ļ
ҡһ̫ϲ֣ȴиӦġȺͬ鱾ҲЩ棬ȥҲȥ
ȺΧȺ˷·ҲתͷķĿ׼ȷϡ
ҡڿ˵ģǰΪԶͻļ
˳ߵǰ΢Ц֣ã·𣿡
ܺãϣ·һȦɫĹΡ
˹վǶŰɫۣΧ룬ĪָѸСΧ˶վڼ׿⣬û˸ǰǸһˡ
ҡ̤롰աشվǰƴڨܵĿܷ·𱻰ͣһƺ֪ôӦġ
˵Ŀ£֣סҡ֡
Χʱ֮ǰȤ壬ڶΪҡ毺õò˸ӻϷƵĴѰҲͷ
ôĶԽԽ˹
ҡͷͬѧͷ⣬Χ£˲óһ·һװȺܿʧ˵С
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һˡҡһʳ߽ԢЬһͷԽɳ
ɳһͷѩ׵ĳţͷ顣
ûԼҡ˲ƹȥϣͷ顪ʷ
һ춼ڿЩ
Ŀɨϵʮ飬ѧġʷӦоС
ӲͬǶȿЩ˼飬ü˵ȥϿƺȥ˱ĵط
ȥץ˸̰ԵСӡ
ȥϿֻ׷ഺ껪˰ڿͲס뿪û뵽ջ
ſ֣̯һֻ춹Сĳӡ
Щ⣬¶Ȼ֮ɫѷ
ҡ̾˿ԭΪĩʱѭû뵽ԭ򡣡
֮ǰǸ쳣磬˳Ϧԣ㹻ʱ䳹˽Էⲻ˽ԼʮһľСĵطȤҲЩǸ׽ȫͬ磬һļϣĳƵաʱ˳ҵһʱսڵ㣬ֳһ˿ͶӰС
˻صع׽ǰͶӰԭԼںϣҲǰϴּԵԭ򡣶սԶĴϣΧۡ
ƬЩ֧֡ӹĳ档
һֻ۵Сӣܹ֪һСǧʳǧһ棬᲻ϧһдɱǧѾܾûֳˣû뵽һʧĩ֡
ã׽е񡣡齻һ£ҡɳóֻġ
һĩ磬нȻͬĿƼ֮·է֮º׽ƵĵطĻȴ˼ĵ˵ͷ
꣬ߣץֻҡ⿴ĻȻЦû֦ҲЦˣǰˣЦֻһһÿˣ侹ʢա
ĻϣΧʱ·µƬȻƬҲʮ֮һÿ̱ðȷʧ˴ÿģ˲Ƭʵԡ
ֻ˼¶ǵıףü̲סֻһƬϡ
Ƭϣ˫ֽյһ˲⣬˵Щģ壬ʮָյĶ˵컡
ҡ⿴ƬЩյǰ˵䲻㣬أҳòÿ𣿡
һò׽ıķƣȻҲͦԶɫͶӰ뱾һģһһվһӾϲԵе
ֻͷݸصӵǻ˼֣˵ţ̲סĶͷƤҰˣαع
⻰Ҳԣҡָ̧գһûһġЦеһʼǱƤҪаհ¾û㹻˽
ʳɫҲõܹҪռһЩ
ץ֣ŵһֻ΢΢ָһʼǱǶڿУҳͣĳҳ
ƤңָĴŲֹò
ҡŤͷֽЩİЩϤּɫ򷭵ĵɫ̣ʮ־ʡ
֪ʱдġԸ嵥һҳֽ
˻׹ʱزٵġʷ
﷭ģҧгݵ˵żֱץɵ߳ŭ
ʮǰһֱľԳ˾˵ļʮһ˾ˡһǮټȥ˹⡪νġ˾ˡһңӦĸİţҪõѧ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ɴǱǮѧУһСԢʱܶ಻õĶˣû뵽©֮㡣
ץֵ˵Ц۾ﶼЦ⡣
ҡؿһۣɨݣƲ˵ԸʵֶҲǵˣһʵ֡
˵ĳ½С
˵еİ˿鸹
ףûа˿飬Ҳ޷ʵˡüЩź
ץҶ֣һֻֻԼŵЦһԸ嵥ѵȥԸȿһӵļˡ
ҡ΢Щڡ
ָԼĿλãĿһ˲˲ĿЦѾˡء̵İˡ
ѼԸĳɰˣỺͳߣϢڶϣ·ֻСڴӶһƬ
˱Ǽഥ߶ӣҡĴͫпԼĵӰ
۽üҲزסϲ밮⣬ǰһޡ
һոǵ㲻Ѳ֪ȥĶ
š̲סӦ
Ӳжදһأƺе㶮Ķ֮

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