飩治Ů
ߣС


İ
ҶﴩһС˵
Ρ
ĶŮ䡣
ΪⱯ³Ҷ㿪ħ
ֻʱЩΡ
ǣҶ괩ĵڶ죬ȫħ򶼴һϢ
ħ»䣬ħһ߳޹
ħüð
ħۣ

Ҷ治Ůôϴˣ

Ķָϡ
1.ŮΣһڶλ괩ɣαమɱ
2.ͳģӽġ


ݱǩ
ǣҶ  ǣ  



1 
ҹħ
     İһʮ _
ħ۹Ѫ
۱£ҶǧˣδٵӤ֮ͯǵҪһ
Žס멵¶һ˿̡
ħ޻Ӧž
ú󣬵Ƶɤڹ죺
Ҳ׵ܡ
ĸǰңȴ֮֮ĻԹꡣ
ֱҲףҪħΡ빬ڵֳϧ֪̫ˡ
ħǹƵһ죬׵ǵѪͽҵϡ
ʱ̧ͷĺ˹঵Ķ㡣
Ѫ֮ȴ顣
ν֪Ѫ¶𣿡һ˼ǣ˷θֻ¿նĿ
ôˣϡҹһǵĿһХ

ЩҹѪ׵ˣұؽ԰ٱ
ǧħǵķ磬ֲû֮Ѫζ

С˵ֻԱһӣ˰Ȧת̣
ҶҪˣҶ˵ҹħһǲرУ
Ӵϲڴĸս˰뱾ڿʼˣ
̵Ҷ˸ȻһԱϵӡ
ʮѧܵỹжʮӾͿʼˡ
Ҷվʰ껹ڶϲ
һҲ⸴һҪҶô˵ҶҲз֮ʵ
껰û˵꣬ͣסˡ
վŵҶЦе
֣Ů䡢Ů˰ɣ
ҶջĿ⡣
ԼҪİ˱飬ٿʱġ
Ůûз֮ʵ˵ٲôҡ
Ϊʲô
㡣Ҷ˵
ĶҶ귭ֵۣθڡ
Ҷ￴һۣ΢ЦΪáදԣЧմ˵ת˳ȥ
ҲɻشϣӦûһ¸£Ҫ׵ȸ¡
*
Ҷﵽҵʱû˵ɨ˰Ȧ̧ͷǰӱ
ĵ㻹ʣ߷ӡ
˵ӦѾĲˡ
Ҷûɫ̧߽š
Ҷѧ˰ŵһ⼸һĶ̧ͷ
Ҷһüֻġʱˣ

û˵Ҷ˸ĴָҶѧ񡣡
ҶЦ봹˭֪ͨʱ䣿
иŮӦ˭ѧ£
һͷһԣϴθɴʱ䶯֪ͨˣ
Ȳˣҷǵøһ״
ǣҪ
һֳǰס˼磬ڵͰ͵ģҶѧ㡭
Ҷû˵˼תһȦ
ÿ˵϶ٵشŲ޺ŭ
ð
ҶɢЦ롣ֱߵ˻ԣһӣ
ΪԸ߶Щ¶
鰡ѧ飡
֤أ

ҶƤϣת˰ȦŶͷЦе̧ۣһһȥǶһĸû֤ݡôţôɴڸӰԼȥأ
ʵǸţԱ˷Ӧÿ죺⾺ϵҪʲô֤ݣ
ҶЦţѧǿ϶͡ҵҪ˵Լæˣ߸ɴ˵Լ︺֪ͨĸˡô죿

⻰ʵƿԣ˶ۣǶܵĹƵġ
˷ӦսҶתóˢˢд˼䡣
ְ˼룬ͣʡ
ˣ¡վˣ°ɣ
ǿûҶѧؽ󣬡ԱߵŮ棬ϴ¡ѧǵҪ̲סѵˡҲѧƢãǇNɪЦó
Ƣã䷨ʣҵһ

᲻Ҷ˵´λĵǰ㿴ܸܲҳ
Ц
֮ŵűźͲǽ˲ˬӦþȷͬ˰ɣ
ЦⶼȥΨҶԹŴ봹
ǿδذ
˻ʣһŲһ࿴ԼͬϢ
û󣬻űƿºżһ£һ˽
Ϊ׵ɫѿһֱߵŵҶԱߡ
ͣסʱĺɫļžһ˦˻ϡ
ҶǿųЦݣֻزס
ﰲ˺һҶŲ̧ͷ
Ӵѧ㣿ǡǰˣ
ͬΪѧ㡱ҶڵúѹǲſԵˡȵú
°ļгĺͬҳˣɫû
Ҷκͬ飬Ҽˣ
ҶƲ´վһȻ£
ѧʲô˼
±һ̣ܵرܿһ룬عŭصȥװʲô˵ͬǩ飬ûֽţ
Ҷͣ˼룬ЦЦŶҶˡͬûǩɣѧҵġ
תȥԼĴһǡ
ǴǴϰˣϴνӣôûְֽѧǩͬأ
˵Ҷ㡪
ǻҪȥ档
ҶشĻһ˲Ƕ˱
ֻһǱƺͻˣֻʣˮ˻λҶ޺ѧ㣬ע󰡡

»뷢Ȼ֮ǰ˲Ҷȷʵˡ
˼֮ŤͷҪߡ
Ҷۣ׷ϡ
ҪʼˣѧҪȥĶ
ͣסûת岻١˾Ǳ߲ǵȥǩûþˣ
Ҷߵԣѧ㿴ˡ
ݺͬǱлģʱȻûֱˣŤͷߵԱߵҶ
ҶͣǵҾͽӸˡͬǩǩҶ޹޹Ķĵ˵ӸҾӸң

һ
ԭΪҶֻҪԼ˵Ķȥ
ֱ˿̣ڶԷʾ£ͻȻ뵽˸µһֿܡ
𽥻˵ҶЦЦ
Ǹѧ㣬Ҳ롮ǡ
Ҷ֮ǰõĵġ
岻šǼ鷳תǧ򡪡
ȥƮƮأ١ˡ
˵꣬Ҷµļ磬̧˳ȥ
˻ҵţҶ۵׷âɢ
衱ĶϢ
ͦ
Ҷ˸ֱ¥ݼ
̨ײֻ
óֻʾҶͨ绰ŵ˶ߣꣿ
ҶҹħȻ˰
ͻȻըףŵҶһͣһ˿ա
ʮ¥ݵǰһ룬Ҷʣһ뷨
򣬿ǰӢڵϦ
뻻һô


2 
峿
ɽµСһ˼ԺӲ෿ķűƿˡ߳ģĹ
һ಼£ü˼ȴʸţһʲô˼ҽŮӣưܵéʵǸ롣
Ժ϶ŵĺźڹۣԶǹ
ǹ죬ߵԺ룬վ˳ʢλá
Ȼ˸󿪴ϵһۡ
Ӵι˯ִ壬Ҫˡ

ϵĺһᣬϵ
Ҷˣ
ԺͻȻŴˣһλͷȴ̫̫˳
վԺĵҶת۾ţ
׼̯ȥˣ
ţҹߡ
컹ǲ裿
λյһֺڰҶһ£ҡҡͷҵȽħǣҸطԾͳɡ
·Сġ
ܡźػݡ
ԺҶ˿
Ƚ֮ҲתԼĲݡ
ľűϣȷԺûʲô֮ҶߵߣԼڴͷĶ˳
κһˣҶĶһ϶Ź֡ҪǻǰҶﻹʱһ˶ϵó
һֻ
ֻϧڲܽСܡֻˡ
ҶﰴĻǸʱ䡢ںʾΡ
Ȼֻ¶ֵС˵Ķ档
ָĵڷءȵȵĲ˵˼£ûõκλӦ
Ҷ̾˿ֻյԼרڿ߷ϵİ

һ仯ֻʱʾԼĶֻһשҲû
שǣĶ滹ֻһĵһ 
ҲǺǱ顪ҹħ
ûҶﴩԽˡѾнˡ
ǰڽӵڡҹħĵĵ绰ʱҲȿˤ¥ݣΪԼԼΪҵ״뿪Ǹ磬ȴôҲû뵽ҪӴǰһ̣һ˶ĺڶȻҪµĵط
Ҷ޿ɱܵˤ˺ڶ漴ʶҲԡ
һȫİˡ
˵ԼڴɽϪԷġ¿ϡŹ֣ﻹ߬ſǽĶ
Ѿӵ֮Լļһͻͬڹ¶״̬ҶƾżǿܿӦĻ
ҸݺһЩ̸ԼֻϹĶġҹħ飬Ҷܹ϶ԼⱾ渴
ɱǣ˸ڻ
ϲǣûлߡ
ҶΪԼԺƷʱԼΨһ
ֻҪֻϣÿһˣܡ˵ƽ¼ϵȵȵġɫ趨
שܱЯҪԭ

ǣƾԼ˸ıĲ£

*
;˽һСʱҶڵ˸ŴĴ򡪡
ħ֮ħǡ
ͬʱҲħ۹ڡ
߽ڣҶңһħķ
˵ʱӦǡҹħƪλá
ڴʱħߺƽ۹ֻһλλħۣһħȳħ۵Ĺ
ħ۵常ħķ󽫾
ħ߿츳겻ʮ˻羳۷壬Ʒ׿ڵһҳѪֶħ۵ǻλֻϧħ۲Ը竣ƫǸķ塣
˹λ֮⣬ħֻҶ֪ǵ꽫ħ˸ɾַħӵħ۵ħɱһʣĴˡ
ħֻѪħһĿħ񴣬ҲͱҸɻˡ
˼ˣҶͬؿħһۣͷҲصǶϵһҾ¥ȥ

ħϵĻװСıϵĸװµǻ̡
һһԺԶΪ
Ҷ߳˰ɣڵԼĿĵء
¥
¥ſڣСһҶӰϲӭ
ҶüλѾ¥ڵˡ
ҶԼġʦ緶̧˲¥
ִʶӪԣ罫£ѾԼһȥˡ
ҲԼĹ̶̯λⰵ¥
ҪĿǰ¥ںţҪЩˮʳ¥ϰҲҶռһλáҶʡ̯λǵ̵޷ãҲ˷¶޵鷳
⽫ڣ졣
¥ĿŲ˺þãһҶ¶棬վ΢Ҿ
Ҷʦ
˶棬ҲſڣʲôĶУҶʦҶɡҳһࡣ
Ҷͺسһף͵Լ߳
λľˣ
ˡ
εͬ
ҶǾͷλպ˳һһ
Ҷﻰû˵꣬˳ܹһƨҶԵĳϡ
Ҷʦҵһ
ţʲô
ˣҶʦҿҲΣ
ҶϱһԵıīֽǶһʾ⡣
дְɣ
˸ӦˣùֽžһȻ˫ֶҶǰ
þƵġ
Ҷӹȥɨһۡ
ó
룬Ҷȴɫ̧۴˶Էһ飺Ҹ󡣡
һ㶣˻йأǲǿ̽ô
˲֮ûкҪ˺ã
Ҷ治ɫ
ƫˣžȥ
Ҷ˵һ
˶˵ԣһ鸡ĳҶǰ
*
ҶŶӺŵЩ˶ʱ̫Ѿˡ
ʱ䣬Ҷ׼̡
ֻҪվɫͻȻŹ¡
Ҷܿ˱飬Ŀڲ¥ΧɨһȦʱ¥ѾûʲôˣСҲڹ̨˯԰
ȻͷԼ˰Ŀ졣
ҪǸղûþֲɭĻӦ⡰שûˡ
һ뵽ҶֻЩ
罫£ʱ֮⣬û⡰שϷֹ仯
ٴȷעԼ֮Ҷó˿ֻ
ûκα仯
Ҷûż
ۻǸϤĶɫֻ֮ǰβͬһĶмһССʾڣ
½ڡ


3 
½ڡ
Ǹʲô
Ҷɻȴԡס鿴ĳ嶯ԭƻߡ
¥˶ӣʵڲǸ㿴ֻĵط
ٳǰҶ˳Щ;ߡȻĿбӵ뿪ħǣһ·ڵСȥ
·˼ޣҶóֻһ߿һǰߡ
оһ֮ڷ顰שı䶯
˼½ڡҲ˵ĶġҹħⱾ飬ڲֹܿһ ܿڶˡ
仯Ҷ˺һ
ֻһ˼Ҳܲ²⵽ľѾչڶ ĶŻű仯
ô룬Ҷﶼ㲻ԼаëǮĹϵô
󡯵ϷAPPҡ
Ҷޱذֻ˻ȥ
˼׳ȥҶְֻóˡ
ǿʱߵһˣ˵ؼʱܾԼһأ
ȻҶԵؽݻعһ顣


һ д˵ħľ£񴱻常ܣȥиǻΪħۡһħڵ¹֮ƾѪ̤·Ϊ˷֣ͬʱʼı


ڶ 츳Զʤħ񴣬ʮ޾ֻһ̤뼸Ļ羳Ȼڰ׼ƻڼ䣬ڱϢǱ޹ȴ⵽׷ӳȥ
ΪƹأԣʱԼһλòɵŮȣͬʱ֪̽߾츳񴷢ԳơƻɽˮŮӾȻǸߡ
ڶ Ҷ·Ҳˡ
ҶڴԽ֮ǰͿⱾ飬˵ʱߺһЩ¼ǲˣ֪ƻǱŮ
֮⣬Ҳ飬Ƕ˵һ
Ըһ㡣
Ҷֻ˻ȥ
뵽󣬴ƻǶõ̲סп
Ȼĸ磬ȢһŮ˾ʡ¼ʮķܶ
ۡ
Ҷ˼һԼҵƻȵĿԣóΪĽۺ󣬲ɾɥһ롣
ˡҵ¸
ںţҶһһˣšġߡ
*
Ǹ̫̫ܰһֺڰյÿ˸⣬ûȱ㡣
˵ûĲ󣬾Ҷ﷢ĵظеˣǹԹԵϱ¨ȥɽʰˡ

ٵŬӣȻԡʰΪڣ˳µؿʼشʳԭϰ
ڡڰջ£ҶԼɽоˣ·Ҳս
Ȼͷֻ֣Ǹ

ɽŵĴֱʮ׶ҶȵһԲʯϡ
ظĲľµҶӱ¨óһ顪ħؽֵĵġ
ž
Ȿǽһ磬ġǱһûҳݣ۸һ㲻ˣҶˡ
ҶԶƽˮƽ˵ǮԲһСĿôһҪôߵļۣδЧá
ɶ飬Ҷ﷭Ȿĵһҳ
ʮ鱻žһºˡ

ÿһʶŵһͲ֪ƣȫһһ
һ⡣
Ҷ̹Ȼذӻ˱¨
ԡҹħļ䣬ֻħ½ϵһС⣬֮ͨͬ仯Ҳͬ
߻ڵڷ־ѿҶ龳
ħڵڷ޳ɳΪħ˾徳̬޾
ȵһħɿգԹһƬ硣һͽ羳
羳ǷɵΪ֮Ҳ٣λɱ߱ɩֶӵħ󽫾ʱǻ羳۷Ϊ
뵽ҶͰң
ӦûᱻˣȻˣˡ
ҶôĥһϢˣű¨ɽߡ
ﰵȵɽһЩ֦Ϳ۷ˡ
ûҶɽ˵Ķ
ǿŵ㣬һ¾ͰŪǾûˣ

Ҷһ
ײɱֳô
ҶתͷȥǱ߸ɲݴԺ˿
Щŭ
Ҷ߹ȥѵϰЦⶼأ
ɻ¶ͯһ׷תֻǸŮӣֶɡ
ֻҲǸˣվûôˡһǿܹŲӿڡ
ءʲô£

Ҷͷ۽һɨѵϲݴֻСڹģս۵ס

Ѫۣ˿ڻǳ
ƺǸܵעӣںڵԲ۾ʹ;Ҷһ£ֺˡ
ʹࣿ
Ҷħ½ĹӶصĹӲһôԻأ
ǷʰܺӣǸǸطһģһġ
뵽ҶﲻƵ䵽ͯȥ
ҼҵĹŰģǻʹʲô£
ͯôҲû뵽Ϲˣһ⻰ˣ࿴˼ۣǸӲŻͷ˭˭֤ҵĹ
Ҷ˵ǰͯŶקˡ
ſңҴҵ
ôǰʮ߹Ӳǰɣٰһ٣
Ҷ⻰һֵ±ŶͯʱˣŽŤͷȥҶ㡭ô֪
һ֪һǰһ͵שȥħǺԺһͨڻûҪҪȥ֪һ
ֱͯŵɫˣҲŶ¡
֮ǰľ͸ûˣһͨһ¹򵽵ϡ
˽Ҳ۸ҹˡǧţ˵ǵģ
Ŷأ
Ҷۿ
Ҳ١Ҳˡ˵
Ҷ֡
ǰӡȣʮʱ䣬ǰʧҿ۸ҿɾ;ԲֻǸ֪һôˡ
вΰġ
ûʮܺӾʧҶˡ
ҶæתȥСĵز鿴ֻСڹϵ˿ڡ
һ֮Ҷ˿
˶ҪôģӦ֮ǰʧѪЩࡣ
ѪҲֹסˣٴȥһʱ䣬Ӧþܻˡ
ţҶ׼СڹָֻСڹĺצ͸оȵС嶶¡
ͬʱСڹ۾͵͵
ҶĿ䵽СڹԼֻצϣ۲Ƭ̣̲ס

Ȼǹˡ
һҶﻹ治ֱӱߡֻĿɨһȦ⻬ƽֱСִ֦ԼĲ¿˺鲼
֮ǰϴѧǻѡ˼ؿγ̵Ĺ⣬ؽСڹ˵ĺľ̶òá
ȴ֮Сڹ֪ΪʹԾض˶ˡ
Ҷ۵شָСڹĶĦ
һ㣬ҴؼҡԺû۸ˡ

ҶĻСڹۣһֱ֮ˡ
ҶȴǱһ
֪ΪʲôܾСڹĻƵġ
ֻ뷨֮ҶﲻԳ

ħ½ĹӸִĹӲ̫һҲܶɣ
ţҶСڹСĵرתɽȥ
лҪ˵ӣ²˭


4 
ҶﱧСڹԺʱӭߵ
һҶﻳ£Ҷǡ
Ҷ棺ûʰҾʹֻҰζˡ

ҶﻳСڹĶ䶯˶Ҳͬؿ
ҶŰԼɽϿ˵һ£áͯƽĹȻȥˡ
ôһֲֻᣬһˣ˵ҰζˡҶ˵һʱ䡣⣬Ҿ͸Сһȥ
Ҫݲ£Ͳô˻ˡ˵ֻڼҲã̫ţ֡
Ҿ֪ˣҶٺһЦСһﳤˣһѣ֣
ﾪȵؿҶﻳĹһۣ⻹ֻĸô
ҶﻳСڹһ
Ҷȴû쵽ֻ£Ȼźҡҡͷ
ġ
*
ڶһ磬Ҷ׼ȥħǰ˳ѻеСڹˡ
Сһ˳ڷҶȥ֮󣬾Ϳʼ
ֻϧʱ廹úܣܲվ˵û¾ͱҶָͷѹˡ
ڼηʧ֮СڹڷˣſҶı䡣
ˣ
ҶָСڹֻŵļĶ֮ذ¡
Сڹ˰Դͼ˦Ҷָ⡣
ӴƢСأ
ҶЦŴȤ
Сڹûôſš
ҧֻҹڰɣҪȻôһأҶЦҿΪ˴ȥħǵ޸βűġΪô
ҶﱾҲҪֻСڹһ˸·̫ģŽ͵ġ
ֻǣԼ֮󣬻СڹȻƵ̧ͷŽɵؿһۡ
һƵҶȤ
˵
ء
Сڹ˵ͷҡҡͷ
Ҷĥ˼룬۾һеöе
СڹγһȻŵ˵ͷ
˼ҶЦĹôԣ˲ô
һΣСڹ¶ƺҶ˵ʲôˡ
Ҷ룺ô˵Ҳ˻ˣСһСһؽҲáҸְɣ
СڹԱ¶ܵ
Ҷӡô

ϲҾֺܺðʡ
ء
Ӵôأ롭ˣô
أ
Ҳϲûˮƽ
һһۡһ·⣬ֱħ֮ͣЪ
Ҷûȥ¥ǴСڹֱ޸ȥˡ
޸㲼ħ½ħֻһֺţаڵҵ񣬸޿θȻҲڻ¡
˵֮Ҷͱ쵽һ䵥Сڣһ̧ƤƳСڹһۡ
ҶоߵߣһֹŹֵϢСڹɨһȦ
Ҷ΢¡
ĪǻǸߣҾǣԼΪʲôܸоϢأ
Ҷ˼ɢδע⵽Сڹó档
֮ջĿ⣬λ
һֻûڣͷҶѾˡ
ӭߴ㵵Ҷͣ˼롣
֮󣬼ԷûӣҶʣҪվȥ

ߵı£ֻܿιȥСڹϡ˵òᣬҲȻָֻʱ᳤һЩҹȫ磬ӦòޡҪ޸ҽΣ
ҶϣȻأ
ҧ΢Ц޸֣۸ɲ͡
¿˵¥Ҷɣ
ҶﻰͷתͻȻ֮󣬷ӦҲ졣µشҶһ飬ɫ죺Īǹǡ
Ҷһɴݵصͷ
˵ͷʢİţ뵽ԼովȻɶԷδõóβļǮ⣬Ǹ
ҡ
߻δ䣬ҶȽˡ
Ȼ˵ܸ˵ô
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һԷ齩ӲҶٽϣ´ιȥǶҲԸǴ۵ġ

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5 
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Ҷﵹںùһڣһ䵽ſֱߵϡ
Źֵ
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6 
һʷİʦ֮ҶȰԼܴضľıͽܴˡ
ԼӵȵͣȻű뿪˲¥ֱǵһľ̡
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κ̫࣬һʱ벻λ
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Ů˻ϵĽڱóȥǸ⡣
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ҪûҶʦǻ֪ҶԺأ
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7 
Ҷڶһ磬ǱԼİשֻѵġ
Ҷӱȥʼڴͷֻһһ۾ſڱС߶
ż㰡𡭡
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޷ǼŮƻ񴣬һµŮദлøСħ֮Ψһһδӱõ񴱻ˣڸƻ׼ò뿪ŮħʼޱȼĹСС

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8 
ǿͺŮӾֱߵҶǰɫһ˿εư
ҶҶʦЦʣŲƵҶɨһ顣
Ҷ̾˿
ͷȻҲ³׳
ţҶ̧ͷɫֵʧڵ΢Ц
һЦɫмҾ㣬ֻҲ㲻𡣡
㲻𡯣ָ۸ϣ
ҶգգۣƺûԷĵ⣬̱ЦϣģҶ𡣡
Сһ䣬֪ҶǹԼ˼
ƺ˵ʲôɫһ䣬Ца㡣ֻҪóҵ֣һļǮ
֣
ҶЩŹ֡
ôˣ
Աߵðզ࣬öԼ֪飬λСҪҶʦԼѾ֪飬ȻֻǵҲġ
ǵǺ棬ҶʦôϾ;춨ȴĸɲþʵڲġ
ȻǳǵߵģҶȴȵ
˶ԷɣҶǹ΢΢һЦȻᣬǾλԵȰɣ
С۾һУʲô˼ͨʱңҸ㣬붼룬ҡ
ˡ
Ҷ΢ЦŴȻһ¥Ŀˣô˶ڹǰŶأҲý󵽰ɣ

͡㡢󣿣
СﱻҶԼƵ˵òᣬ̧žͿǰһſԡ
ҶȴҲûתһкСλĹͣľơ
˵꣬ҶֱתԱߵĿˣɫʵĶţ
λĳ׺ע꼰Ŀͣ£˿ĭСҶʦʲôûʡ

ҶЦݽһ¡
һ֮չЦգõģǿʲô

ΪҶֽ°ʦŻһѣ¥ˣضࡣ
ֵλֺĹҶǰѾʱˡ
С˪ҶﲻòϣﻹƯ
ˣûɫġ˵ÿˡ
СȻѾѹõʱŲҲΪ˵ȵҶ㲻ʱһÿ
ҪҲ֣
С°һԭƯ˵һۣŵİ
Ҷ⣬ддС
ҵȻҪдʡһ㲻Ҫ˵ҵԭ򡣡
ҶﲻÿɷôذԼݵЦеؿ
ԱʼնСƼǰһĻʱ򣬲ĥצתۡ
ҶദôãҶʱ޹޺ı飬ʵϤˡ
ͨһͱʾŮֿʼһӻˮ׼˭ˡ
뵽ͬؿǸСһۡ
ôСͣ޵徳ʵס
ҪۣŮ˴˦Сʮǧ
˼䣬ԱߵСѾùīǰֻֽһʡ
ֻֽһббīۡ
Χ۵˿ԲϵΪ׷׳˿Ȼһһȥ۲Ҷıˡ
ֻҶϵƳһۣ漴һİƣֺ֣
ʻûµСһµ̧ͷ
¶ԷףҶЦеؿŶԷظһ飬͡
дһ׺ְһǳŴң
¥ﰲƬ̶̣һѹ˵ĺЦɢ

СʱﻹܲҶڷԼһʱͨ죬ȴҲû粵ʲô
Ͼֽڡ֡ʵʵذǰıҲδء
Сغһ
ɣ
ҶһҲûҪˡô룬λȻ̫ϡ
ֻҪһ֣Ƕ˵ɾټ򵥲ˡ
ƽС棬һоͻʾ仰˵ֻҪССġһ£һ۾ܡ㡱Է
뵽Ҷ΢΢һЦ
̸̸Ǯ
ͲСʵǱò᣺ûأҪǮ
ҶЦЦֲ֮顪βǰóۣƬ̣ܹ鶼ҵġ
˵꣬Ҷһͣ١˵ǹЩأ
ãǾ͸㿪ۣСҧһĨƱһʯͷġ
˶һһãȻɫһ䣺
ʯ
ƺͨʯ
ǹȡҲǿƷʯ
һƷʯٶ˰ɣ
ֻһ˵ѡȥʣĸɵӻһʯ㣿
Ҳǡ
ۣҶǰС¶һ㳰ŪЦɫ
ôǮҶʦˣ
Ҷû˵Ŀضǿʯͷϡ
˲ͬ趨ħ½һʣµЩû֣ҲֶͨΡƩʯˣ
Ϊһȫȫߣħ½ԼûɶϵʯȻע˶;ƺܽҹûֵͲķ⡣
ֻЩ˵֮͸ıˡ

ҶվĿ⿴򷽲۴ķ
ƼҶʦ˲ҵ׷ϢҶʦڡ
ȻǾͼҶʦЦе˾䣺
ղλ̨һģԸ
ˣ
ҪǼǵòʯƺǡ
ҶСڵһվȴûҶȫؿڣ㻹û㣬̫ſˣһ㲻˵ĿɻҶʦ
ʧˣϢŭ
⻰ҶﲻղŭתȥС
ָƺһС
֮󣬲¥˷֣λСȥˣǵҶʦȴǶ
Ҷʦ
ػһ
Ҷع
Ȼ̾˿ӵСһۡ
ŵλҶһӣܵһ壬΢ݡ

֪ΪʲôոһۣһֱϤ˸ɸɾĿֲо
ôܣ
νҶʦǸˣԼѿͨħ˾֮ٽһﵽ徳뷲;
С꣬ԾվǶǸŮЦ
ǡԵְ
ʲʲôԵ֣

ҶЦЦؿ˻װɵСһۡ

ոָһ㣬Ҷ˾ͬѵԵ𣿡


9 
ոָһ㣬Ҷ˾ͬѵԵ𣿡
Ҷ˵⻰¥Ծ
˻عԼͬҶǰǸС
ֻСɫ䣬Ȼû뵽ҶﾹȻܹ
СôҲǼ˴ģûöã͵Լ
ȻƷʯҶǰһ顣
žһʵʵ澹ȻӲʯһ鰼ȥ
˻¥˴˾ˣ⵹һ
˽¥
СģȻѾ̤·˰
ǰŴ磬Ȼʲô˼ҵģǾ츳һ㣬ҲӦñøԴӲ͵ľˡ
ˣҿҶʦ˸˲õ
ĿġҶʦѾ;ǿ϶Ҳһﰡ
˻˵ûҪǲһΪɶҪأ

Ա߶˴Ҷ
Ϊɶԭǻ򵥣
¡
뵽ҶõһǿżֵһƷʯһ־
İ
һԵġҶСʱҲվˣҶЦʯģмƲƲ졣
ֻҶյԭǿӲļƻֻıˡ
뵽С￴Ҷ
ȱǮû⣬еǮֻҪĵ֣ҿٸʮƷʯ
һβһˣ¥棬ˢˢһƬ

ʮƷʯó徳̬߶ĵĿˣ˵Щеͨˡ
ŶҶȴ¥ΨһһɫģһüʮƷʯôļǮһ䣬רһˣΪҪҸ𣿡
СһƲ죬ûֱӻشҶﰵ⣺
ʲô˶ʸͬһ·ϲȥûС

һ⻰Ҷɫһ
룬Ц࿪ȥ
һ¥أȷʵΪȱǮʮƷʯҲȷʵǸĶļ۸񡣡

ϵһȻ̧ͷĿ⸴ӡ
룬΢΢ۣצλâ
ദôãѾǿƺη
κ˲߱ˡ
˭ҲС
Ҫվǰһ룬ȴҶЦؽ˺䣺
أ׬ǮҲָĺͲġո̬׺͵ظ˵һģͳˡԼøʮƷʯǽԴϲܿϧ
Ҷβҷһơ
ǰС΢ЦЦ
Ȼ˸ӵĿҶﲻٴοڣ
ܿϧոյҺܲġֻ˵Ǹźں棬Ǳ߶롣
СҶһϯ䣬ɫͳȥ
Ҫ𾴾ƲԳԷơ
ǴＷ
˲ȾƣСҶЦЦ
Ȼһ첲ŵʯ͵ǰ
Ȼ̧ͷ
ҶЦͷԣҸո£ʵصӲ̶ȷǳʡ򲻵ĥⲻˣ

ĥ
ͷǿʯ
⣬治
ȵȡ
Ϊʲôʼһ˼ˣ
Ҷﻹ˲ϲԼʱľ۳;ΪվСȻû
ҶʦҿûҪôݺѪ˰ɣǼֵһӵƷʯø
ڵ˰ô˻أ
Ҷ̾˿
ȶԷɫ䣬Ҷ̧˹ȥ¥ȷʵΪǮǮþУһ
һƳǿʯǳŪһƣʮʲôܳȥһ߶һܼ߰𣿡
ۡ
һ䣬¥ＴѹҲ̲סЦ
һǰЦҲٲѹ֣һƬ
Сð̣ݺݵҧƯСеˡ
Ⱥ񣡿֪ʲôݣ
͵תĿɨˡ
ҶŮҶȺ񾹸ðң𣡡
⻰һ¥
˽ЩֵؿС
ҶħȨ󽫾εĸ¹ǼҲ˼һСָġ
λҶǡ
˵ǵؿǵҶʦ
Ҷû˵

ҶĶ֪ܲ죬ҹħӵ֮ǰһ£ҪҶǧˡӤô
뵽Ҷ̾
СҲ붼Ϊ˭
ҪպΪӼ޸񴣬ʵʵţɫİ˸˯ˡҶôô
Ҷһ߱ˣһ˳Դ

һߣܵ¥ͶĿ־Ŀ⣬СҶɫ΢Ц
ȻתЦſҶôҶʦ˵ˣĪѾںˣ
ΪʲôڣҶǡ
Ҷ˻һƳ˹ȥΪǸ徳ߣ

һ⻰СҶɫȻˡ
뵽Ҷһ鷲˾Ȼܿ͸ԼΪѵ˵ĲѾˣ
Ǳܵģɱ

ȻѾôһˣ֪Ժʲôôֻܡ
λҶĿâ̧ʱʼûɵſϵͻȻվ
ǰһ

ûüֵСɫȻɷףαһ͵ȥ
һֱײ˳ȥζֹأȻۡطԱͻһѪ
֮˵ҶѪ˲ϲֻ񾪿ֵŤͷҶԵֻСڹ
лҪ˵Сڡ


10 
ǰһĻʵǳ¥˵ϡ
ԭλҶС¶Ҫֵļ󣬰ҶԼڣ¥˶˰Ѻ
Ȼ֮䣬ƶתֱ¡
󳾰䶨ڵ˲ģȴ˸ոջҶС
ȴҷӦ̾ĿⶼԼͬ䵽Ҷϡ
ȻʱǿҶٲȻǸڳ徳Ĵˡ
¥֪ಢ˵ģҲֻҶ˵ҶСˡ
ҶСڴӾ⡢ֻŸָӽ֯عʶ֮󣬱ĴһĨһöҩȡУ̶еϢ
Ƭ֮ɷ׵ɫ𽥻ָ
ҩȻʲôѰ֮
һ֮ҶСشӵվ
ضֻſҶԵСڹʱָֻ֮ǰɫûɵģ
Ȼ͸ոҶСȫûĸоͬʱҶСǿ޺ĹֱһͷʱضſѪ˶ɵޡ
ҶСĭ
ȫΪͻȻ֣ˡȻҪҵΪ
ּޣôһ޸֮ͨŮˣ
ҶСֻԼС֪Ҫ߸ˡ
˼ֻ֮ýҧס˺߬ߵҶԡһһ߾ضֻûСڹʱ׼ԤԷķѡ
ȻֱߵҶǰֻСڹԾûٶһηעĿ
ҶСɫ΢䣬ʹٴĻʱҲֻѹˡ
תͷҶһЩŤƯЦ
ԭҶʦ޻ѹ˵ôеСҶʦˡ

Ҷͫһ
ҶС֮ǰΪʵû˭
ȻʱѾȻˡ
ҶϷֺȵû¶ҶС΢΢һЦ
˵ЩΪеΪ˵ֻеʱŸ˵ʵÿҶأ

ҶСĻɫǺ졣
ȻóҶڳŪҶˣǸƽͱˣʱ
ҶСɵؿһֻСڹǿЦݣ
ҶʦѵҼסˡձл
˵꣬ҶСæŵת뿪˲¥
ǱӰȥٶȣǱʲôײеĶƵġ
ҶСһߣ˺һİ¥ֿʼ˵˽
ǵУǸǺɵվҶﾴһҾ
ҶʦηǿȨķ緶ʵ˾尡
Ҳ˲ͬҶΪ̲ס̾Ҷ󽫾Ƕٳ裬ϡҶʦȻΪһȻʵڲʲôǾٰ
лλġ
ҶЦ˻һҾվֱſڣϣ˵͸ǮһĲĲҪġܿ˳˳رȻǺãעҪίȫ͵ҹĵ֮
˵ҶҡͷЦǲҲա񰡡
˻һпͬҲ˼һҾ
Ҷʦ
ǰҶʦȷʵﰡǿʮƷʯһͼֵһҶˣҶʦȴ˵ҪͲҪˡ
Ⱥﴫп
ҶЦЦ߶˾ʲô
Ҷʦ˵ʲô
û壬׷ʵ
Ҷ˵֮
ޣҶʦЩӵ۽Զһ
ԱſŵƲƲ졣

֮
ո˵ĻŮ˷˵ǣʮӰڵ˾ǲ⡭Ҫ滻ɰ׻ҵǰ˵ʹӦˡ
ûҶﴫԼĲм֮飬͸оͻȻɭɭһƳԼϡ
һ
룬̵תתӣҶķ򲻿̧ͷ
ȻҶں濪ˣ
λʵڱǸҽ컹ЩҪؼҴһ¡λ
ȻЩԸռҶġΪĿһϷȻҲö˵ʲô׷Ҷ
Ҷ΢ЦĶͷת¥ȥ

룬ظȥˡ
˲¥Ҷ뿪ڣ˼Χ̫࣬ͣסˡ
ԥ£
ʱҶﶯһ٣
Ϊʲôֱˣ

УղǸҶС˵ֻޣô£

Ҿ㣬װ



11 
˵Ҷ֮ǰֻǶǷȮеɵĻô¼ڶһ磬ƿſվԺֻȻʱѾȫˡ

֫ſǶ˯쵽ߵôǹ𣿣
ԭ绹磬Ҷﶼδ̬Լһǰʱξ̽סˡ
ԭԺ˯˲䱻ա
Ȼе£Ҷ˼άڡԺֻȻó棬ëɫģķŴ档
ٽ֮ǰܸ̬ܵٶȣʱ͸ȷǰֻǱˣֻСڹ
ԼһμԷ״̬ҶʱоԼƭˡ
Ҷ͵ʱ䣬ҲѾˡ
̵תͷҶķţƺ¶˯⡣
ֹգۡ
Ҷ濴ˡΪʲô㿴ôСãȻ
ţһ̣ıǱһ͡
˺ü룬ſʼЩŵصͷԼ͡
Ѿָ򾲵Ҷޱš
ʱŴ۾һ㶼û͹֮
Ҳ˵̬²ǡ˵ӽڶԷ̬
Ҷ߹ȥͣס
ƣӸµؿ˫ۡ
ԣ㵽ʲô

Ĭ˼룬֫վ
޶λãҶﻹ֡

ҶĬĬ
ǿĨƽ߲֮Ҷ¿ڣ˵Ǻ֮ĸá
޹ؿ
ȻСڹһģһ
ҪǻĵĴҲˣȻҶﲢ
ҪͼлңӦöԼڵе֪֮
Ҳ֪ɻ·߲ͨͷ˼
־
վҶķ򣬲ܿʲô仯һʱͻȻ̧ͷҧ
һҶޱȵؿǽĿɲ
һ͡
屾ܸӦ̺߲෭㿪˵Ҫ㣬Ƕ㲻ҲӲġ
οҲ޹˼ɵ˺
ȻҶ͸о̵ĺԼϣûȳϢζ
ǧһĿյҶﻹ͵͵˿
˵Ӧǳصġٲǳ⡣
ţ´һӽһת
ٷӦԼѾıˡ
ްȫʩġʻλҶʱһ亹
ܵһ§ס޳Ĳ
ɫƤëйȡ
һ̬˽ӴöԷֱſԼ
е㲻ϰߵذ˰βͣȻתͷȥ˹Ҷ壬öԷ
ܵļ⣬ҶԤеԼȥһηǳ㤵ĳ̡
뷨ضݣΪ֮ͷԼˡǳ̡
ĸ߶ȣѾӽˡ

ҶȫƾԼǿ־ŵ˶ߺХķͣʱ
ܼžҶﻺӲۡ
ǰľ֮Ҷ˿
ʱſıϣվһ᾵ɽϡ
ܣ˵ɽ壬һ̵ĵطҲš
ʲô
Ĭ˼֮ҶԴ
һ¡
һ룬𲱾ͳɽּ
е౻ѶҷӣҰ޵ӰҶĿܼĵطƴزֻӴܡ
ЩģʵǺЦҶȴһҲЦ
Ϊ֪ΪʲôӲᡰؽˡ
һֻǡ
ءǺȷķʽ
ЩΪȵġءֻǸǰʡ˶ѡ
Ҷ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
лҪ˵һ㣬ڽϣǡءȮᡰ໡_(:3)_


12 
̸һʴħһλպĸҪΪԼճһԡ
Ϲأ֮ǰһգիԡ졣л˸̵ٳһԺ׼ĺ⣬רܵħǽɽеһé

ÿд֮ǰ¶רܵ
ʱżϸ̳ʱԡ£֮ǰؽ׼вҪۡ
½ϸⷬʱ̽ģ۴Сԣһի֮ʼƽ˳Сɵԭ
ֱҶ
뵽Լ°ݵλʦ²ɳ̾˿
ƺΪһ鷲ˣƫƫܿڳԣ
ɥǣλϸ֮СĶԴǶͺԼҺ԰һҰݣ־˵Щ
۲ôãҶﲻûŭڡ
½˲֪ҡˡ
뵽ֳ̾һ
ģ̾ʲô
һû꣬ͻȻС
˭
ŵವһ´ϱ
ȻͿԭ󷽷վԼ󡢿˿ûԼо˼Ҷ
Ҷü̫ؿ
Ե̩ɽǰɫ䣬¹Ŀ˲ȻԴ[1]ΪʦȻûҪ̶ֳϣҲëų⸱ģ

ҶĻĬĬذһѪ˻ȥ
һͲʮҵĹѵ⻹ͷһ⡣
Ҳû취նģʦݳȥˣԺСôѵҲӦš
οҶʦȻͲ󣬳ڵĻȴƺ
¶̲סʼĦҶ֮ǰѿڶһˡ
Ҷȴûʱ˸ʯͷ֮󣬾˵Լ⡪
ΪʦտáòӦǸߣ麬ѿΪҲ൱ħߵĳ徳

Ҷϯ䣬Ҳ˲ϴĦˣҶ۾ԽԽ󣬾͸ڿʲôһ
˺ðૻ񡪡
Ҷʦһ鷲֮֮ܿڵ뵣ŭ
ҶЦŰڰ֣ÿ䲻ÿ䣬ˡ
뵽ʲôȻ۾Ҷ
ѵδ˵ľҲҶʦղģ
Ҷֱ׳ءһֻסĶʮסĶҲ֪ҪҸȹ滮滮װ޲𣿡
ûһЩʻ㣬Ǹʮȴסԥ£ǻæҾ˲
ͽҶʦ֮ܣҲҡ
ҶƲƲ졣
ôСʺϵͽǰʦѶˣҲʡ
뵽ҶҲϻˣʵΪʦͽ顣
۾ԲˣҶʦоγ֮ܣĻʲôͽ֪Ҷʦ֪أ
⻰˵ҲеҶӦգգۣȻЦ·ͽµļʶ棬Ϊʦ϶Ǳ֮
ҾҶʦʲô뾡ܿڡ
ἰˣҶﱾܵѹ˵ʲôڶ̶һ֮ڴ̬̬

ü˼˺һҡҡͷ
˵䳣£˳֮ޣһ̬֮ɳ̬Ҳ
»δ˵꣬Լͣסˡ
ҶɫԾɴΪǰôȷʵй飿
´˼˼飬ԼҲɲҶ
ϣҴδŹ顣
Ҷ
ոǱԼĭҭô
±ҡҡͷ˵ҴδţħдţһЩϹѪеļ壬Ļ龳ħĳ޾ֱӻڵ̬
ҶԲ⣺߼ȻԽ̬Ҷﵽ˶Ӧĳ޾龳Ӧ̬ôڼ֮α仯
ҡҡͷ
Ҷʦ֪ﵽ޾龳֮һʧΪ𣬵ޱ
˼ǡ
ܽ赤޻ΣƱܵӯ̶Ӱ졣һٸԭȷʵпһ֮ڣҶʦ˵ı仯

Ҷﹾһ£˿ڿˮ
ʱҲ˲Լʱ߶ŵġ̩ɽǰɫ䡱ˣµɷס
и⡭
ҶⷴӦҲɽ
Ҷʦԡ
ޡô
û˼֮ҡҡͷ
ħδء
Ҷ
£ˡ
лҪ˵Ҷʵ֤Ҫ
ΪԶ֪ǵǸʲô⡣

ע[1]̩ɽǰɫ䣬¹Ŀ˲ȻԴС䭡Ȩ顤


13 
Ҷﻨ˰ӣˡǸˡϢ
ڼ䣬ıͽһֱվԱ߱ϹϾط˳һǱƵ仯
ȵҶϻָ򾲣ĿʱҲ̵ͷȥһƾǲ״̬
֪ûʲôܹ޻߷µεĻҶʡ
ü˼Ƭ̺ҡҡͷϹѪ߿ɻαֻǷ䴫ԣδ֤οģҲǳ޾羳ľ߲ģʵѰʲô𡣡
ҶԣﰵԵͷ
羳߾Ѿ֮޾龳Ҳ֮˵һûΪˣѾߣҪﻯ֮Ĳ𣬼Ҳǲܵġ
Ǽֻ
һ뵽ҶֻԼ̫Ѩһһۡ

ѵлذһèôͼôɱأ
µһһʵûʲôķˡ
ϾҲˣҲˣҲȡˣݡҲˣ衢Ҳ

Խ룬ҶԽ˽ϸܣԼ˵ȷѡ
Ҷ̾˿ת׼ߡ
ǰҶʦɽ
͡
Ҷ˰֣ʣʱ䣬ʰһԼɡ
»Ȼ⡣
ҶתͷǲҪħǵһ׼ԣ
¡
뵽ҶסĶţƺҲΪ档
ǵ˵ͷ
ָԽ򣬼С಻֮ʢ׼Ķ£ỨǮһλˣȥ󡣡
ɴ۾ҶЦЦȻֻǸִͨ£ٸһݣ˳߾ǡ
һ٣Ưһ۽΢۵ЦҲ֦ͷҡĻꡣ
Դһ𣬵ڡΪʦؿƽơ
˵꣬ҶҲתɽȥˡ
һ߲᫵ɽ·СҶһźͿϧΪͨ·޷ԱôҲҪȥһơ
Ϊص󣬻д֪ϸȥ˭̽
ֻҶﻹûߵɽһͿٵ׷Žӽˡ
ͷһǵ׷¡
µҶǰͣºȱϹϾһҾ
Ҷʦ֮ܣͽܴδŵĴͽԸ
𡣡
Ҷһǰ׺ͲµõĻæ˽ס
ɱԸˣҲ֪Ըʲô⡮ܴˣҰʦ죬Ҿʹڸˡ

⻰̧Զ׼ʧ
ģȴһϵȻ
֮ɫһҾôͽܼѰҶʦΪʦҲ̷ҡ
Ҷ۲飬Էǹ̬æԴǵؾܾ
ɲɡҹ⸻׼ж̬֮ͽ㵽ʱȥ´ֵõΪʦ
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˰꣬ʱȻ⻰ĻЦ
ֻĻЦҶһ㶼˼»ǿס
̾˿
ȻҶʦִˣͽҲǿֻǴӳҶʦʶͽʼһǡ

¾ʹ˴סҶգգۡ
룬һ⻹Լͽܵķϣӱ΢Цص̨ףǺǣ
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Ҷ˰֣ʾ»ֹ
ͷ˿ͷ
죬ʰա
ҶͷʱЦЦǵ
˵ţתɽȥɽ䡪
ҵĵ档

ɽ䣬һӰõشԭء
֮ǵӰŶѾһ˵ɽһҾȥ
ʱɽ£һ·ò΢ЦҶɫѵһ³
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Ҫʲôƨ֪֪ܲҵʲôǵñԤԼң
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ҶصʱײԺ
һҶӭҶֻСڹôһҶûƼأ
Ҷһ飬ϱ΢Цˣûˣȥˡ
£𣿡
Ҷصͷֺ֡
ء
ҶԼסĲ෿Լʡ
ƺֵ̾òᰡ
Ҷû˵ת߿֮ŵ˲෿ǰţȻڣٹš
ҶڷٵɨһȦȴûֻȻ
һ㶣ˡأ
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Ĵ齷򣬴һ鲻ԸŵӦ

Ҷ£Ȼɫһڡ
˴춼ëҴϣ
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14 
´ʱҶԼĴ巢֨Ӵһ
Ҷ
ҪǰҴѹˣ˯Ķһ¶ɽȥ

ԥ£ίذѽý֫ſ˵ϣչ¶޳
Ҷ͵ƫԴ룬ҡҡëɫͻĳβ͡
ܰ˳鵽ѪĴ׳βԼǰװȵػȥҶ

ǰһĻˣ
ô⡰ˡﹷ״̬ϰأ
ɣ
Ҷ˼ãǾżɽ̸һ̸ϴ齣ſ߽㡣
ͣ£ûֻһŴԴ浽Լƽ̯ǰֻצϡ
ڹԲ۾Ŵգ¡
Ҷ
ȵϰߣһǴʲôʱʼѧģ
޹ҶﾹȻԼ׼һ·ЩеԳˡ
Ҷ̾һȻܿߡ
壬ӦѾȫԭ˰ɣ
ء鲻ԸصԴ
ǰҾͷ֣㼸ÿ춼Ҫʧһʱ䡣ʱΪ̰棬ȥڴεȥˡȥԼ飿
£ûӦ
Ҷ㵱ĬˣּȻҲԼҪҲˣôҲûʲôá
Ҷһͣ٣޷Ӧֱֻ˵̬Ҳ㣬ɴıȥΣ

Ҷ
ҶҲ˵Ծ˫ڹԲ۾һգգҶĿãȻ
㵹ǡ
ҶԽʧҪ˵ʲôξͶһ¡
Ž߿
˵Ҹո˵ʲô
أ
һ⻰صֻ˶Դ
Ҷ

ôˣ
ôèôͰ鷳һֻأ
ҶٴβվҪǰߡ
ֻλûǰ෿ķžȱ˿ˡ
˽
Ҷء
ŬɷģҶһ㶡
ǸӦѾ׼ϸıͽ֮⣬ûʲôϵõŰݷõġˡ
ֻתһ룬ҶЩȻ

⼸Ϊ飬һֱûȥ¥Ѿաټ֮ǰԼмҲڣĵģ֪סںδҲʲôֵ顣
뵽ҶӦһ̧ų˲෿ţȻﵽԺſڡ
Ժվŵ˱ǽŴڵķ
Ҷʱƺ˶תͷ
һҶģ˻æ˹
ҶʦôôءϽʰ·ɣ


15 
ҶʦôôءϽʰ·ɣ
һ˵һ߳ͷģҶûӦһ£ǡ
˰ͷŵĲһƣҶʦǵˣ
ҶﶨһȴλԼָȥԺŽ˵ľ̵ƹ
ԭƹġǡ
ҶϳԼλľ̵ƹҲҶԣѲԼˡ
Ҷʦҿûȥ¥ǰյλҶСƺ찵ħ̽Ϣء˵һֱû鵽ͱѾͲסӴҶ߸ˡϽʰʰҶɲѰǵİ
ҶʵЩ⡣
ΪλҶСҪǣԼеСĦӦҲᷢʲô¼Ͼġƽ棬ûᵽԼĴڡ
ƺⷽһЩȶߣпΪԼĳֶı䡣
ҶͻȻԼ쿴߾ƫ롱ϵͳʾ
ü
ʱλľƹҲסˡ
ҶʦдҲðͨҶʦһʱ˵ҶӦѾ쵽ˡҲҶʦ򲻿ɴ°
лƹ񡣡
ҶһҾĿľƹ뿪
ԺʱƼվԺУؿ
Ҷǳʲôˣ
Ҷ̾˿Ǹʱ鷳ˡΪİȫ룬Ҳȥˡ
ԭأûعҶ㡢Ҫ𣿡
̫̫÷Ӧðʡ
Ҷ߬ȭĿȻħǵķһۡ
ԭΪһԼȫ޸ɵ磬ͲҪٻµµۡ񿴣ȴʵ̫ˡ

ĸ磬ûԶܻó⡣
̸ɡ
Ҷﻺջߡ
ߵԺӽ䣬ӻĹ﷭
ֻĹӺһѽϸ
ҶٵؽЩһΪһݱһݱŻ˹档
תͷվԺЩʧǵ̫̫ͬʱһֻ˹ȥЩȡãұľ֮ġӦ޺ȡһЩá
һУҶ̫̫һ
һΪѵˣмǲҪҵĴڡ֮ǰڴҲСڹмӦ֪Ρ
ϵƶ࣬ҶҶҪˣ
Ҷ߬ȭȴԾƽЩɢЦݡ
šҶ¾һǵѪ
ס
ҶȴʱǶŮ鳤ʱͷ֮󣬱ݡ
һڣӭһ˫ںڰںâͫ
Ҹո˵ģ𣿡
˵ͷվߵԡ
صצ䵽棬ȴû
ҶʣҶ˴棬㻹пܵ𣿡
һ٣ƺƫԴ˼˻Ȼŵ˵ͷ
Ҷ˿ȥڰɡ
Ķ䣬ſҧ
Ҷǰһһαൽıϡ
عЦ
㣬ҲһˡҶ˳˳޳ƤëСһ
ƺЩƺŤŲ˼Եض£ǽлŵԺӡ
Ժﻹû뿪ﱻһ
Ҷ￴ȥü΢䣺ˡ
ûӦƢԶܲôѾ֫ٵؾŷ뿪ˡ
ͽں૸п
ûƼСôֳء
ɽ屾ͲǷһٶȣ֮͵˴档
ûƬ̣ҶƼ˴šҶִľʿԶԶ˹
ŤͷҶĿŲ⣬ƺΪʲôֱ뿪
Ҷ˳˰ëȻЦſڡ
ǰˣҶСǸԸ񣬿ҪɽĵƤһſϰݡұϾôãԼֻû޹˴ܹĵ
ŵ㲻ΪȻҲֻתͷȥ÷צڵ硣
ĹֳӲʯĵϡ
ҶûƼĲͬЦ
ģᵢ·ġҶСһ棬ޣҾԱȡ
ȻⲻҶһ仰ôʣ˼ȴףЩŵŤزҶ
Ƿ֮֮죬ҶﶼѲŤˡ
ʲô飬ţ
ҶﴹֲȥԴ
һȥ˸ա
˵ֻǶ˿գµͬʱ˫ڹͫպ޵
ȻſŵֻһͻȻ˼ף⧲ǰ˵޼ϡ
ҶﱾܵػסĲӣûѹ񣬾͸оԼĶӹ

Ҷľʿķ򣬼ȥ
ٶ֮죬ӭķѹҶǰɽͷĸо
ۡ
ǰ󣬾͸оһŭͬʱҵһš

Ϯ

жӻжӻ
ţҶоڿǼξұ䶯Ųתߵķٴμӿ졣
ֱ֪֮һӵȥԵķƽ
ۡ
лҪ˵ӣԼ


16 
ҶʱͻָһƬȡ֮ǰҶľʿɱ֪˦˶Զĵط˿ˡ
ǰһƬӿĵòҶڼһ飬óԼûĽۡ
Ҫȿµͼ
Ҷ̾˿Сͼļ
Ȼſŵ˿ûϵ˼Դø߸ߵģϻͷҶһۣ˵һ֫Ҷȥˡ
ȻΪ֮ǰҶҪͷԷɡ
Ҷ̽˼֮󣬵ڸսһĿָ֢òЭˡ
޳ë
һףȷȥ

ԾûҲûͷ
˦β֮ƺŲֲȵԱһ᾵ɽʯϡ
Ȼڽš
ҶԼĸҰһ¸߶ȡ
Ҷ
ǱһڵĺӾ֪һּǳӦ׼Ŷԡ
ڲ£
ҶţĶ˳˳ë
ҸոտΪãӵġ
˦˦ӣܿҶĸ
òᰡ
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Ҷľʿ϶вߡ֮ǰңֻԼܴܲԺȫˣ㶼ԥ¡һңٵ·
ƺЩݣ⣬Դ
ҶۼֿغһѣЦŽ°䡪
˷ҵˣ

ԼովͲôһƽ̹طӦҸƶ᾵ɽѣֱӰÿڿն§ԼӲ¿Ůȥġ
ոȫֳ̻˼ƽȣŮ˲̫ྪšһǹˡ
뵽Ťͷͬʱǰצݺݵڵ١
᾵ʯ涼ǳһİɫۡ
Ҷ״ֵòᡣЦһ֮ſ£ʵıϲ
ԶߣҶɴЦֻһ۵ȴһƬĮȻƽ
λҶСȻ˺ü죬ôʦڵشʿѾħǸϲ̲ڰڡʵӦñҶԴҲʲôܽѵĻᡣ
ҶĻҲˡ
תͷĿؿҶ
ȻҶĻҲͬͬѾǵˡ
أſϵŮûע⵽Ŀ⣬죬ҵľ֮ѾˡȻ񻹶ǷҵֻӣֵҲһߵö࣬Ҳ֡
˵ЩҶֱ
۽΢΢һһȦһȦԵˮɫ̲סԼСʱϲȥħ԰ء
˫̵Ц⣬ҲƲ۵İش
ԣˣСһ

ʧʶĵһ̣ٴŮƲϵʱ
ͫﶼЩĲ
ΪľɳǷֵǷף֪ǶԼѡ񡣵֪ԭءܵؿѡ
Ҷ׻׻ա
֪ԼһˣԼһֻޣһҶ׷ķңȻԶ㿪ǵ׷١Ҿ͸ˡ
ĬһԴҶӱ
ҶƺЭˣҲ˿
˫Ųʯ棬ȫ»ع顣ҶЦǰĶ䡣
ԡ㣬ҺܸˡǡǾͺ
˵꣬תҪ뿪
Ȼǰ·ãҶʱľ㿪ܴĸо
ֻɵ鲢ûάϵ̫ãһкֵļǸʱȻֹ
ܱ㰲أ
ҶĽŲʱͣסԭĻҲһϡ
ʱеĸɾֺֻӽԵʲô͸΢Һɳơ
Ҷ˿û¡
طԼ֮⣬û
ôֻпġ
˵֮ǰԣҲжʵݱֽĻô˿̣ݽѾôһ仰״˸֧顣
ҶһرվԭأƯһɿӹ˼ǡ
ԭνý޳ľȻʧ
ȡ֮һλһ»۵꣬ڣ忡дȴѳǡ˫һ˲˲Ҷ͸͸źĳȻ
ʱʱģҲһ˿ɴ۵

֪ʱȫкͳ嶯ʹľļƻԺ·βԤı
Ҳ֪ԼѡǶǴԺǷڡ
ֻ֪ŮҪʹ뿪Լڡʱַʵڲܹѹסġ
ʱҶԾվǶ΢ü㲻ء
δ䣬ǰԼŮͻȻʯ棬ǰû֮ǰĻ첽ĳ뿪
¡Ƭ֮ŷӦüۼӹŭȥ
һһ˲֮ʧԭء
ĳ·Ҷ±ͣס
ε̧վԼǰһԶꡣ
һȻЩޡ
ǰ꿴ʮͣŴûʲôŪݵΣʻģ͸¶һָɾԶζ
ϼӣԭҲֻû뵽һγꡣ
ÿý̲ס졣
ֻ뷨һðҶԥغݺˡ
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վԼŮ˵ϣ˿뾪ص
ۣʲôʱ֪˵ģ
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겻ĵʣǸո˵ܱ㰲ʱΪʲôҪӣ
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Ҷֿ޹û˵ġ
꣺
Ŀ˲ضվԼҶ
ݾƯŮҲ˱ܵţգһ˫תһ
޺

Ĭض֮һǱƿɫ
Ķٵһ죬ֻһ˲һǵָʧˡ
Щڵɤӡ
Ҵȥȫĵط
־ȥҶ
Ҷﱾܵ˰벽ܿ֡
˫īڵͫתϡ
Ҷ£ЦЦŮܲס
꣺
ǲ˰ǰôԡģ
Ҷ
ֻأӦˬ


17 
ǲ˰ǰôԡģ
һſޱҶ
ҶĬ룬գۡ
ҾȻ𣿡
ȻıʹļףܹһθĹµĻᣬһٷִˡ

ɫ
룬ϸĽëڴɰƤµ衣
ôƲϵ
ⲢǸʾ䣬ƽֱ𣬵βҲֺ
ԽûԽҶ۵ӹ̵˼ȥ
ֻдǻסõġ
ûҶǶȵκλӦ괹ŵͬʱӹʧΣյĹʡ
̧ͷҶ㲻㣬ΪԼʲô𣿡ҵһ鷳
Ҷһɫ˲ʱ⡣
ֻ뵽Լ֮һֱԼߡܲµʲôҲΪ֡
Ҷ˶ЦЦ
ֻǾãԼ鷳١ѾܷˣαػҪһǣء
˵һƲǣźֱңֻԽԽ鷳
괹µ߬ȭȴû㲨
ֻ΢ۡȥʱôԺ鷳
ҶΣΪǹˡ
߬ȭѪ˿䦽ָס
ŵµıС
ɤѹ΢΢ɳơ
ٸһλᣬصʼʱᵱûң𣿡

Ҷһ˲졣
һ㶼ɣֻҪԼڵͷȥѾ̵˼޵һתͷȥ
˿ڡ
ͬΪһݵ񡪡ֻµҹ·Ȯʵû취ġ
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ʱҲѾ㹻ҶĿõԼҪĴ𰸡
Ѿȥڵ΢ٴȼ
˱ɫĴߣŻЩ۵忡ƺΪ˫ںڵӶ
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ȻָҪǰһ̣Ҷֻ¡
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ⲿǡҹħĵһС߳ǵòĻӦдҶλҶСħħǰ飬ҶСĸȥͬʱҲΪȥٳ˵ĳɻһ̵档
ΪǺҪǵĶϷȫĵһС߳Ȼ߶˲ٱī
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Ͼʱ˿̣ӦȥչξλҶСƺ񻹡׷Լĳطɣ
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һʲôԭľ߷仯ˡ
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Ǹʲô𣿡
ҶЦ̧ѳ治ɫԣ;һҲҡ
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վԼԱߵƯŮӣʱȴǰ˫˵һЩԲˡ
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ҶݺݵһԼָ⣬ŰԼǿ˻
ڸոգݵʱһͻȻԺ

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µᵽֻϹѪڳ޾תεĴ˵½ҲħصعеϹѪ
еһСڹֻ˵֫Լ֮ڲ¥ľʿʡǸõӳġȵġ̿͡
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ۺһǰݣƺѾȻҡ
ҶоԼĬ˰͡
Ȼһϻûʣֱȥס֡

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ھ֪Լϱӵʲô
Ҷ߬סԽ߬ԽƵ̧ۣҶķӦЩס
УҶ㵽Լ;֮κһֿеķӦȫһ
һʱ֮䣬ȷҶǷ֪Լݡ
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ͷȥ׵һ۵ĺ졣
ȴƺ벻⣬һ飺Ѿ֪𣿡
Ҷ̧ۣƽ
š֪ģ֪ģѾ֪ˡ
һгĬģվҶԵꡣ
˺ܾãŴЩڣ΢ƣ𣿡
Է˵ʲô飬Ҷ˭

֮ǰħǹƣյħħδϥߵ׵ܣ
ۼײ¾֤ħӵħ۵ۡһҹѪϴԼΪϣ֫ͨľΪķЮµĿħۡ
ǰ꣬ʱջΪǸɱҶǧҲ벻ġĺѪħ񴣬ʱ˿վǰģһֻʮꡢлδµĺӶѡ
һѪĺЩеĸƻ𡭡
ҶЦ¡
ûдʱֻǡ߾鷢ƫ롱ľ͸̾ţصͷȥ
ڡ
ҶĳĬʲôҧסͷȥ

ԭǲ
Ĺ踺ֻΪһ¡ȴԭ
ΪУעĻŻʲô壿
۵׳ܱϢƲסʱͷͻȻһƬȡ
һ̧ͣۡ
ǰֻ߳Ůջֱۣ˫ҲγһգҲգǵЦɫ
ô˵ҲѾȥˣԺҾĽָڣû㡣
Ҷһͣ٣ŵỺ֣ء
ҪģҶõ

۵׽Ҳƽȥ
Ƭ֮ߡ
ʲô𣿡
ҶӦһ
һ˵飻õĶҲԼȥá
Ҫʲô
̧ۿںڵ⻪΢ڣҴﵽĿ֮ǰһֱ԰ɡΨһҪˡ
˫ޱҶһ¡
ʱ˿̣ŷԼ˸Ҫһ¡
ĳֺͲӰġҹħ߾鷢ƫƣȡĽɫƺŮ
Ҷ
һҵҶ̽ǰ꣺
ʶһƻĹ𣿡
ƻ
ãȻ¡
Ȼҡҡͷʶ
Ҷ˵ʲô񴲻ü㲻˵Ҫ㶼ҵõҲҪģֻҪһֱԾͺˡ
Ҷ
¾籾Ľ࣬ﲻԡ


18 
ǵ׷ҶûԭضͣѾڲԶħǸȥˡ
ٽħ֮ǰҶڳεĵطͣ߻ħǳ⴩е
Ҷ״üħڳҲҶˣ
ֹ۲Ƭ̣תҲȷ徳ߣʮֿɡ
Ҷʡ
񴵱һ֣εָ˵ķ
ΪԶˣʱȻҲõĻᱻ
Ҷ￴˶֮ЦЦ
徳߿ɲʲôײˡ޷ƵģûʲôԵܵħڳſ϶ǳʲôġ
뵽Ҷ￴񴣬ħǻħʲô·
ҶȻһ̶ͣɫŹ֣ôʲô

񴱻ҶĻ˵һ㶣ԭҲָ
ɫЩȻƿߡ
ϰˡ
Ҷ
ǲ֪ԼǶʱʱܻῴСһſڲ¥ľԼĿ֮ǲһ˻һֻ꣬ǲǺȥˡ
ѵ¹ᣬеĸԹ⻷ˣ
Ҷ̵ķ˼С
ļ϶ԵѾ²ԼֵĽӽȡ˼ԵĿյһһаڿ
Ҷ˼Щɵһ㶣ʲô
û̧ͷЩϽ
̫ܾصħ档
⻰Ҷʵʵһ¡
ȥƳ񴡣ذŪЩû˿֮ǰ˵ĻʲôⷴӦģʧЦ
⻹ǵһαôϲһˡ̬佱Լĳࡣ
Ҷ˼䣬ȻѾ׼˶ʱתҶ
㲻ҪһЩ򵥴ͺá
ҶƳһЦЦ㻹Ǹδʦأ
Ҷദһ£ϰŮ˿бĳһЩĪĴʻ㣬ʱҲ֡
ָҶ򢣬沿Ƕ΢
ҶȴǱָⲦһ
ٻۣޱĵ׽Ҹ롪
˿ûޣûеߡǰСһʮأɲΪɫ󡭡
Ҵ߰طظ˼֮Ҷǰ꿪˿ڡ
ˡûϵóˡ
Ҷ̧
ΪţԼĴСԲ޽͵Щøߵģǻ羳ߣҲû취ʵݡ
ŶҶﴹûɵأױôˮƶ𣿺òж
һ¡
ʲô
Ҷ￴̾˿㿴ǹȻѽѽӲһǻġ
һΪԽ͸
Ͳ塣
ܿóҶǲϣҲɫ
˼˵ġױָάױݵĻֻҪҲ֣ױȻ롣
Ҷﾪȵؿһۡ
ҶȷԼ²̲ס𴽽ǡ
ˮױ羳߶ôױˮ⣬ȻǧˮҾͲȷˡ
˵ĵȷʵ֪ʲô˼òжӦþ˵жЩױݰɣҰ㴦ܿͻá
԰
Ҷ̾񴣬ļģ츳ꡣ
΢ǣҶħǷߣǽȥɡ
Ҷﱾֻһ̣ڿ𽥵ٱ仯֮סˡ

Ѫе츳
˵ʱѾ֮ǰȻͬƺ仯ࡪ
ԼݵĻѾҪõЩˡ

Ҷ벻ݴˡ
оյؽħǣһ·ħķȥ
ڰ·Ҷﲻ뵽˸ؼ⣺
Ҫҽħţ
š
ʲôأܲƾնһɣ
һ˰Ů˾֮󡭡
֮󣿡
񴴹ۣĶ΢¡
Ѿ˿ڹѡ˵ˡ
Ҷ

лҪ˵Ҷɶ


19 
Ѿ˿ڹѡ˵ˡ

΢ĶҶﱣ΢ЦӴＷĸ̡֣ޡˣ
̧ҶﷴӦ¡
ܿƿߣҲƽֻһ˵ѡûݱʺˡ
Ҷú룬ҾӦûеġ
񴽣ü΢壬ؿҶûˡ
ҶﲻģҸոո㲷֮ڶħɡ
֮ΨһһĽħλħ檣Ӧûƪƽԭϵټء
ҶĻסɫҶ
һ㲷;Уħ𣿡
Ҷһҭ
ҪôΪҹħڿˣԼ㴧ֻΪߵĳؽɫ񴣬ǿӵ֮ڵ;Ծɲܿ
Ҷ˼ת
ƪС˵İϵʾȻǸ𹦳ɣ˳㻹λڵ顣
ǲħҲӦõİɡ
ͨһ㣬Ҷֱ׳ؿ񴣺ţԺһλ޹ħħ󡣡
˭
Ҷգգۣ޹Ҫ˽ôϸ𣿹ؿڸ;δһ¡
Ҫ֪񴲻ΪؿȻ֪ҾҪ֪
Ҷ
ڵĺʱĶôصˣ
ҶŲ֪οʱһ̧ۣƼԶħ⹬
æѻͷһšħˡô

û˵
Ҷ͵СֱŤҲȰ
߳ʮȥһֱʹ˼Ȼ̧ͷҶ
֮òҶﶼɲһͣ
Ҷôˣ
ԺǸħͻȻǸСƻŮ𣿡
Ҷ

һܺԽԽߣ⻹ô
Ҷ鷴Ӧһõģ
ҼסˣԺֻҪڵĵطһ¶ġ
Ҷ
ôִڹ¶һ
ΪʲôûҾͻ¶һ֣ħǽȥ
ת΢ڵҶǻ𣿡
Ҷһ˲΢
תȥ
ԼѹֲסⷽƺӼСŮˡ

㲻ǴӦˣһֱߵڣҾͲ¶ġ

Ҷһ͡
عʱѾһƬȫİĻˡ
Լʱ򲻵ʧͬʱҶҲ̲סǰ񴡣
֮ǰҹħȫǸֱеĴ
˵黰ܵʲôʱģ


20 

ҶԼĻһһ̽Աȥ
ȴǯסһֱֻۣҶ˻ȥ
Ҷ
ҶЩ˸ġòֹס֮ε̧ۿ񴡣
Ҳôһеð㻳˭𣿡
˵⻰Ҷͺˡ
ҡ
Ȼֻһ˲Ϳѿڶ
һջǰԵĻᶼû
Ҷﴽǳ£Ť
߼ԼĹԼȺˡ
ʲôͨ𣿡
תעҶ˳ƴƵһĳ఼͹ƽʯϸʮɾ׺һյƻĳơ
ǡҶǶתߣͨħһڹ⹬ħֱһڡطҲǰֵⷢġ
Ѫ츳ܾеǸط
Ҷ˵ţתͷ񴡣
һ˲ɫӶ仯죬ͣһֲϸ΢ʵϡ
ûʲô𣿡

Ҷû˵ͿһۣȻӵתȥˡ
ոͷβ仯һ˿ս۵ףȻûǾ߸ɴɱ⡪ǸϳҲ˿ֵ
Լôû
˰
Ҷ￮̾Ա߻ָԭòԭ󣬻Լ˴߶ȵͷࡣ
񴱻һ£ŷӦ΢ظȥ
㲻Ҫ߶һЩأһСĿܻ˵ġ
֪
ҶŹֵؿҸողˣѾ֪Ҳ֪ĻӴһҾͶ֪ˡ
˵ţҶһ̧˵һ۵͹Բʯʯ档
ȴؿոΪš
ǰҶԻ˲٣ЦЦ
ȻأΪΪʲô
ûشתȥıضŻǰˡ
һʧڵӡ
ֻת˲ֻ֮ʢһԶӰͫ䦿ʧֱԵʲôҲΣյȡ֮ˡ
*

ħ⹬Ů˾ĺԺ
ڻԼһתһѰٵĹװŮһͣ䵽˲Զͤߵһ
ŮӶ˿üųĹװȹ첽Сܹȥ
˸ǰŮӰſڣ㻹˼˯أ˾д£ǶȥϲС
ֱ¼ϵġŶ˶
룬ڵŲת¶һ˯ʵС£ʲô£
ȻǴ£ЩССŮǰ֪ģ
˵䣬һ˿ֻǺܿȥЩȥϵˡ
㰡Ӱǰһ֮͸˸ƵġǰɲôӡȥˣСɵĹù㡣
ⲻ廹ûָ𡭡
Ц͹ȥ߰ɡ
Ӧһ߳ȥתͷĵ
ǧ𵢸˰
š
ϵС˵ͷ
һֱĿʧ߾ͷϴϾЦݣû˸
ȻһߴźǷһվ
˰»˰֪ʲôˡԺ󣬻ܲôҸĳ˯˯˳Եӡ
ʱ̧λŮ˾ѡġˡųһǰǰڹħ޹ķȥˡ


21 
ǰҶͱԸԼڸŮ˾ĸ˾ȥһλŮӶ˳ħ⹬
ƽ˾İ¹ȥˣûʲôӣҲϢҶ˵ѡ˵ඨˣǰԼϸ
ȻʵϣŮ˾֮ǰҶֵǮĽϸѾڹλħѹθɾˡ
ȻԻڹڲ¶ơҶôôԼˡ
֮ΰ
Ҷ̾ţȻʷԼĵNܼƻ

ʵ֤ĸ磬ûǮеġ
ܶ
ˣʱˣ
Ů˾޷ڣĹŮ͸λһʹһ½˵ƢԣʶжСζ
ҶﱻĻл񣬻ǰֲü
Ȼ֪⡰ˡǰħһ檾˶ʮŮƷƺģôţҶﻹôôŤ
ǰ滹šţҶҴȨòԼ
ûʲôֻǸŮ˾ģƺҲܴȥ
ǹŮӯӯһ񣬡ֵĹȻ˵꣬Ů͵۴ҶɫСĽ¾䡣
ڹͳҲֻн½İڵλˡµľڳԴöϱλ˵ġ
⻰Ҷ΢΢һȻʧЦ
СŮҪץᾡλ˼
ֻҶҲúʲôתڷѲ
˿ɻʲôҪģ
Ůʵ
Ҷﴹָ⣬ǲشȹ·
ȷԼİשֻԭλͷһ
ŮãȻ̧ͷҶ
ȻƼǵ½˴󷽷ߵԲǰһһ
߰ɣ
½ġЦеؿ͵ĹŮ
ŮûӦҶͷԼĹӣ̧ͷЦЦ
˵⹬ڹ·;ңԶ¿ԿļŽ
Ů
ͻȻԼѡˡ
*
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ƻű̧ħ޹ĽͻȻͣ
мǶྐྵӵҶﶯһ١
￿ͷԼ̷Ůѯ¡
ǹŮãȻһۣȻæջߣҶߵһ񡪡
ˣ󽫾ĲҵҪȥݡ
󽫾
Ҷ΢£ʲôҲû˵
˻羳۷Ϊ˵ѾƤӵ£ħΧڣֻҪģҲû˵ʶ̽
ħ޹ҲˡҹħԭλħҲ踺صظҶС˷֮ʵ
˼ˣҶﲻ᲻صصͷ
ǹŮҶӦʣ˳ȥݼˡ
ǽѡλˣ
Ҷиͳ
ȻǸɱ߱ɩ׼֮ˣǳҶϵᡣ
ʱҶͻȻǡҹħ֮ǰ˵ֱд٣˵Լͬޡ˵䡢òĻʲôҶﶼһŲ֪
Ҫħ֪
뵽Ҷﶼ̲ס¡
ôɱ˲գ۵ļһӴ󡭡ʵ̫̼Ƥˡ
סס
ôţҶ˿Ź׼Լѹѹ

һĹƤ྿

Ҷؽס
ԭǸѧڼҪѧӦйһ顪
Ҷеżĳһôһ˲䣬ûκظŵ£ҷҵʶȴͬʱڴ˿Ȼֹ
Ǳְ֮ͣ
ྐྵӵǰһ˲
Ҷﲻ֪һǲĳͣ
ֻ֪ǵĻôλһùˡ
Ϊͬһʱ䣬̸ܵһǿƥϢɨϡ
ǻ羳۷
֮ǰ޸ܵϢһʵһëھţϪڽ
ܵϢҶܵ©һġ
ֻܿƽ
ڶﴧŵİשҶʹˣȷֻҪϴ𶯷ٶҲֻǶ·ЬͨһԹȥ
Լ͸ˡ
˾ʮһϣ˵ΪӵѿѿѰš
ôҶǸûκвԵСŮ
Ҷ̬С¿ˮ̡
ʵҲȻϣϢֻ֮ͣ󣬱糱ˮ롣һֱǲߵԶˣӱ̧Ҷﶼûٸܵκ
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߸ϵħƤ̧Ƴһ飬ֻԼмͣ£ߡ
ͻظԹɡ
ǡ
λ˵ŮЩźӦ
ԱվŵĹɫŹ֡
ǰڳ竼ҲӲҪּ󹬵ħۡǻɲôׯԳֵİ
ôλˣ䵭ģ
ѵλ˳òÿħ⣿
߹ﷸֹħۿ˿ڡ
վмһλˣ
˻񣬻æӣ鿴һСĴ𻰣ħ۱£λˣȥ빬С
š
ħ۲᲻صӦһʹ˴˹֮׸ԡ
Ĳᣬźۼ۹һҳҲδ̧޵ѡĺˡ

ǹһ£Żæͷȥǣ¡

ڰá
ﲾһҳûħ̲ס̧ۣոյĹˣ
㻹վʲô
£
ǹһ¡
ħޱؿһ۹⣬ɫˣ㲻ȥλ˹ּ𣿡
ɫ
˽ŲŤͷ˿滹գųǸ
ǣħ۱¡

⹬ڹ·;Զλ˶Žġ
ڹ֮Уħ޹ȥλ˸ܷĹȻû룬Ҳòˡ
Ҷ֮ǰĽµ˰Сʱ֮ȥħ޹˽ʮӵİѬ㣬ú޲ͷ˯ϽصԼܷĹ׽һŻİĴ󴲡
ƫλСȵһһȵҶͲûȥλˡ
£λ˻û߳޹⹬żʮɣͱӺ׷סˡ
һ˴ͷתͷǰһ
ħ۱ּĹˡ
Ҷ֮λ۾ˡ
ΨҶޱ顣
ӺҶʹԼЩѹסĹŮŹԭ·ħ޹
һҶһޱشǷ
ոոԼȥϢʾ⣬ǰ׷ˡ
ȻǵΣҲٲǹȥĹˡ
лҪ˵


22 
Ҷ޹ǰ֮ǰ̷Ĺ˹ŮѾǲȥˡ
ţǰĹԥ˵һۣҶһҾ
˵˺⡣
Ҷ̧յĽͣһ˲ȻޱƳ˵һۣĺǷŽȥˡ
˶ͷȻƲΨĹ˲ƳˣһʱŹ֣Ҳû˵ʲôŰԴѹȥ
ҶǰŽ˵ţлڰգѾĹˡžһϡ
ҶƲƲ
աҹħľߣ׶֮ǰڹһֱԱϲŭ޳ΪԸ֣Ҳѹֳĸ֮⣬ħĹǶλħЩη¡
ţ̧ǰɨһȦ鰸ǰûѰӰҶֱתȥ
ƹĳ磬Ҷһ۾Ϳվڶмꡣ
Ȼ¡
ܴʱоʲôŹϢǲȷǷΪʶħ޹
ԱӦҪװɲʶУ
ѧȻ˻úۡ
ֻûҶôƺ⣬Ѿһת˲͵ǰ
Ҷﾪòᡣ
㡭ڹﲻҪܻ̽𣿡
һʼûüڵԾǸȻ飬ȴ¶㽾
ǱУѾѴӵعõϹͼ˵޹֮ڡʶ̽飬ҲֻᱻµļɱΡ
Ҷ
ϹͼУôȴ޹̽飬־ķչǰе¡
Ҷɤӣ׼ĵؽһֿˡ
㲻صģҲķҪµġأߣҲ¡
Ҷ¶΢Ц룬̲סˡ
ʲô
һ٣۾ҶﾡãȻ
ʱװ˻ʱıһһġ
Ҷ
֪ұ𣿡
ûش⣬ֻĬתߡ
ҶﵱͥԭڳһתѧΣסҲ˺üһѧ꣬Ǳͬ˶
仰˵Ĳ죬ֱӰʱϲʱߵĻ
ʮɣҿǱء΢̧ЦЦԣн㡣
Ĭ
㡣
Ҷ¡
ǰ괹ų۽ޣޱ鵫Ծɺÿ覴õĿšɡı̨ʣȴֲò͵͵غһ㡱ʱ򡭡
óƻһ롣
롣
ٶˡ
ٶҪġ
ھѾҪ̲ס˱һˡ
ԲһԼ̵ְҶĬ¡
ţԡ
ԶķŲһ
̧ۿĳ΢ʲô
û㰡Ҷֱ׳
˵꣬ԱŲһ
һüԱŲʲô

ʲô
Ҷ

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Լʲô
ҶȻʵ˵
ˡ
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΢ۣ⿴ûʵ޹Ǹˣ֪ģô
Ҷһ͡
ͯ겻ôҵĳɳӰ죬ڽյѰͬϢʱ᱾ܵظеκͲڡ
ʱҲ⡣
Ҷʶƿߣ䵽ܵԶ
޹ⷽƫԶĴ£һխЩϣůѵ˺ü㡣
Ҷ
ټһħ޹ԱҲͿͰ͵ֻһǺҤСײ˶Ƶġô׾ӵĻȻôˡ
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ȻЩխ
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ݴŸɴλ˶ٽħ޹ﳤסǰջҹҹϸ衭
ֳ˲£ħ۾ͱ󽫾뵽
Ϊ常ԡӹơħ۵ѵ;ְ
ȻǲܵģҶҲΪԼܹﵽĵطԲڴʱ
ֻ޹һߵţһʱʱȥ̽һǱߡ˯ŵλ½˵ĺ
ֻ֤þΣա
ͷҶﻹ˯ȥ
ǿɾʹˡ
ţҶ˵ԼĶ
һ˼֮ҶͿٵػ˴齣˳ı¡
֮󣬵ɢȥһӰ롣
ҡ
ɤʱźľ⡣
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ôˣû°ɣ
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ͬʱ΢΢ǰ㣬Ҷ￿ȥ
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㡣
ҶԼϵƶƣҺ۰
µָһڰֱ
ҶﾱſϣĽüҲЩʹš
ɱһһ࡭ҽ켸Ҫ̲סˡ
Ҷ̾˿
̧ȻɣջħЩļ米ϰġ
ôһģ񴡣
ЩӦõˣһӦõʹȥ
ԾΪһĵӦңҪı󶯡ΪûʧĻᣬ㲻ðաܳ嶯¡

ټ޹ﰲá
κƽڵɫ
ֱҶǸҪҶүͿ빬ݼҲµĲĻٹҳͻҪӭȢǸΪħ󡣡
Ҷһ¡
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Ѿ½ԭ͵ײħ۶һ顢빬еľ飬ȻѾĽزˡ
ȻľʵڱҪࡣ
Ȼƫô֮󣬻ͼҪšԭô


23 
ҶС죬Ҷﱻ˸硣
ԭ
ͬסһµħۣΪҶСǰɫӦеıʣӲҪλ½ΨһһѵģҲҶԼȥڹ԰һκϷ
ҶǸȵȵ⣬񴻹ǼԼһµ뷨
ԵıϳʱҶﻹڷ˵
ңһ˵ģЩҲûá
һ飿
治ɫذ޹Ҹɲֹһˡ
ѸģҾҲȷʵѶһֻһ顣

Ҷ޹գۣǲ㡣
ת˻ȥϡ
Ȼ֮ǰһΪƫ룬ξҲܡ
Ҷ
˵̸߻ִܺôһˡ
һҶﵽ׻Ǳϵħڹĺ԰
ڳ΢ķҶޱض¡
ʱܳѰ֣ЩɫĻҲôҵˡ
𣿡
ҶƳ
ڹ㲻ɱ̽Ϲûڣн㡣
΢ۣΪʲôһҪôƺ㣿
Ҷ¡
Ϊʱ̶Լ֪Ҫɥ
Դǣ⻹Ҫʲôԭ򡣡
Ҷﻰδ䣬͸оһ¶ȵĻͻȻ

ħȨĺɫ࣬˹˻
ҶţߵƵ΢
ˡ

类ѿ״̬
Ҷ˰ӣû
㲻ƭҰɣ
ͣǶˡ
΢΢򢣬ȵĺҶľࡣ
ڹ۲졣
Ҷֻܼš
һĽͤ£ĥ֮䣬ʵʼһƬš
κ
Ҷ㲻áеô
ǰҲкܰʱ򣬲Ρ
Ҷ
ǰֻӣſһﰡ
Ϊ˺гദҶﻹǰ⻰ˡ
˾ίģΡ
Ǿ˵ʲôɡ
̧˿ա
ʱʵЩ䦿֮ɫǶżǺۡ
ɾ峺Ҷ𣬸ͻؽÿһǳڴ˵صԢ׼
Ҷﰲ˰㣬ȷһ¡
ϱû̸һԭġ
ֿܺٿ˵ĳ棬˵˸Ӵ⣬޶á
Ҹ㽲ɡ
һ㲻ϲ
Ҷ˸Ƿһ飬Ҿֱ˯ˡ
񴣺
ҶûȥǸܴģ
м𣿡
⣿ʲô
ҵļ磬һ־ʮɫѤʡĪ⡢
˵ҶЦЦܼ֮صԭסʼΪţƶļᷢڿ̤ȡ˵꣬¶ˡ
ŵģǼٵ𣿡
ţ
ļ⣬ȡ˵ꡢ¶ˣ

Ҷ£Ȼ٣׼Χڡ
ָֻ֮ͣЦ⣬ҲɡϾϣԽƯĶԽΣա

п𡣡
š
ǽأ
Ҷߣȴײһ˫ڵ
ӵݸһЦ΢ڡ
Ҳ񼫹һƯΣ𣿡


24 
Ҳ񼫹һƯΣ𣿡

˫ȴʱǳڵӣҶҲ̲סʧ롣
ʵ޷γúһĵȥ꣬ȴڼ֮˵ǧĻ
ʱ˫Ư۾Ӧֻʣⶼ͸˰ɡ
Ǿ̫ϧˡ
ţҶƲ´
ͷȥЦЦֵ㹻ΣաƯһءԱѽСͬ־
ȻǸԵϷʿǵĳƺ񴻹ǽҶ˼µð˾Ųʮ
ЦҲѹס̵ıܡ
ᡣ
ȥЦеơ
ҿƯġ
Ҷ¡
ίˣԼϲ
һ
껷ҶЦ΢
ҶЦʲô
Цһɫ
ˡ˵Ưǵָࡣ
ͣסҶ
Ҷ΢ͣܺѭܵ˺󣬵ڻһλҶСΪʵڿⳡרϷֻܼȥ
񴻹ھֻдλͣˡ
ţٻû
Ҷĵ˿
֪ǲǿ仯ߵһЦ⡣
΢ƣȾЦ˵Ưģڿҵġ۾㡭ʲôûйϵ
Ҷ¡
عϵذ۽һٸӡ
΢
еʹأ΢΢򢡣
һ䵽ҶĴǡ
ŵ΢
Ҷ롣
ع񣬸Ҫ;ǰظȥľࡣ
ˡ
Ҷ

ԸոʵǼٵģ
ѵյҶﲢδע⵽Լѵ꣬ѾǿҪγѪˡ
֮ͤε
ħ۱¡Ҷ빬
иϤŮѹŹ˵βڣҶҶݼ¡
͵ߴһԲ֮⡣
Ҷﴽһơ׻ǸҶСҶǶܳ裬Ѿ˿ѿħ۷ˣ
ǲҶС۵ôҡ
ҶѾֻ̬֪˺ܶȻ
ֱĺﲻ⣬ǵûʲô
мεħվȻšͤҶС
žӸµ֮⡣

ǡݼΪβ򣿡
ͤվŵҶС΢̧ۣĿײħӰɲǣ޵۵
ͤӵĵ񻨻ϣҶվһһ͵Ůĵ
һշŮʲôġǹ⻷Ǻð
ֻ֮ҶֽĿ䵽ͦεϡ
ųǵϿʵ٣Ҷ˼
ҲǱȻô
˵ףʲô۾Ǹ㡪Ǹˡ

ҶСȻѾ¶棬ҶϷȻҲ͸ùˡ
ҶԼôŵġ
Ȼ˸˵ġ󡱡
αܡ
һ𣿡
ħǵ

ҶҶСĵطޱ飺ǵˡ
ҶûӦ񴸽ߣ⡱ѹ
㣬Ҳϲģġ㡭λ˽ˣϲǡ
Ҷ
Ͳų徳ҶСôɾǵġĻ
ų޾᲻֪ҶС
ǰôû񴻹ݼɵǱأ
ʲôγ꣬һո񲻺ãϹϹˡ
ʱͤ⣬ܵԴҶС⡣

Ҷĸ
ħۡҶ֮䣬Ա˴˵ĹϵλͲΪ֪࣬
ħǻɫǲ˹ˡ
λ½ϷҲҶС֮С
ҶСҲʲôõĵġڹҪȻ
ҶСЦгֱƳλ½˶ĥħ۵
ŮϵȻס
κſ´ѾԼʶҧ΢΢ס
רעúǰֻһ˱Ŀ⡭ҲܻϷô

ҶСתͷǸħۻڻŮˡ
Ƕȥһ£ȴŮ˵
ʶҲôܰ
ô
ҶС񽥽ȥ
*
ҶڽϷݡصħ޹һԼİשֻ˵𶯸ͣ
ҶﱾΪΪ조һ顱ľعֻ˷ӦֻĶмСʱɫˡ
֮ͬǰȻŸ̾ŵҲֻǺɫϵͳ洰ڣʱǰĶģΪѪɫĺ֡
ƫȣԭѽӽ٣񼴽ʧܡ
ѡ񣺡
A.
B.á
棺ѡԭ鳹ױ٣ʧܣѡãɫ·䣬ԭнɫʼ


25 
ƫȣԭѽӽ٣񼴽ʧܡ
ѡ񣺡
A.
B.á
棺ѡԭ鳹ױ٣ʧܣѡãɫ·䣬ԭнɫʼ
ĶϵѡڣҶɫ׳ȥ
Ϊƫ뻹ƿ֮УʱȻѾʲô֪﷢ˡڷ
飬ƱؽҪ߾ı١
߾١
Ҷظһ顣
Ȼʶֻ
ν߾顱
ڡҹħⱾ˵߾Ȼħĸ𡣶ҶﴩԽǰ֮ǰ½ڣ߾ҲȷʵоյŸɵĿƽ
ôǼڷµĺصʲô̶ϣŻᵼ²֮ͬǰġƫ롱棬Ϊ١أ
ҶＸҪ˼ֻһԡ
ǣҲħ
һƻִȻҲ޴̸
ֻܹƵǡ١
뵽һ㣬ҶüļֱҪš

ûмûʶǸ᲻ʲԸεغ㡱꣬ô˵ֻһֽƬˡһ޹ؽҪĴڡһֶѡ
ڲһˡ
ʱǰܸԼ˫۾
γĹǰԼϣϵһһ
һܷ꣬Ѫ˫γһȥ

Ҷָ߬⣬εЦ
Ȼһ¶Ѱ
ҶǿԼƽȥ
ĿƻصֻĻϣ˳ľ¶һ顣
ʧܡ
Ҷ鲻Խظһ顣


ûκֱӵʾܹ²õν񡱣ԭ
Ҫɫġáѡ
Ҷֱֻ˻ȥü̾˿
˭ѡ˰׶ʲô⣬ŻϿľ񣿡
ң񡯣ҴӦҪʲôƨ𣿡
Ҷ˸صһ˿⡣
Ȼûҵͬ⣬Ͱǿˡʧܣʲôϵ
˵ţҶﻹʶƳһ۶齵ķ
Ѿίί˯һˡ

*
ҶСħ󣬱˴
Ȼħ߲ħнյȣҶĿҲ⡣
ֱӻ𣿡
ݳҶҶ
ҶҲһ̬ߣʶݳ֮⣬ҲҶָҶĻ
ҶСһСԭվƬ̡֮תȥĿ⸴ӵؿħһۡ
ȥ󽫾
˵꣬ҶСת
Ҷһ󣬱Ҳ˵ͷ˳ǰ
šҶŴ󽫾ķȥ

󽫾ħ֮ƫһ磬ģҲֻͨûħǵһ׼ĸۡȡ
ˣħնλ󽫾Ŀ˼Ǿ壬Ҳһֱħڵõʢ
ҶСصĴ󽫾⣬ŷһҶǰ·
ǰԺƹֳȣҶСһɫµ
װ磬ڽϣ˭ϵóǰʮҵ˻ǸȨµ󽫾أ
ҶСпţЦ

ɫ³תЦ⵭͡
ˡ
ҶСһЦӭȥ
ȥˣ
һһľٱƵγ֮䡣
һΣԱϵĲ豭ߣɫ
մӹҶССĵˡ
δֻ̧ۣҲˡ
һָڱһۡ
һʢ˲ıյڿնȴ丵δ©ȵҶСǰ
ǲյ˹ȥΣ
ҶСֽӹȻЦ
ܺáϲ

ش۵׻䲻κβƺһж֮С
ҶС˿裬Сĵع۲ɫȻŴһɬڣ
һһһ¡
ţ̧ۣЦ
ҶСĿ⣬˵֮ǰλ½ˡ۵ףһ㺮â˹ȥ
ȻҶСֻѻ˵һ룬ȴѾˡ
Լһŵᴵ²ĩ
ôû޽ѾȲҪ켺ˣ̫Сɲ̫ʺǹ
ͷβǴŵЦɫ˵ģڼҲʼרעǲյϣڶҶС⻰һ
η۵һ
ôǵغšҲǰǵɱ߱ɩѪϴħҲ۶գˡ
ǰҶ߳ЩСƢһ㶼Լӷ
ҶСǿЦֻͨˣȻǲ⡢Сͷġֻһλƺ̫һ㡣
Ծδ̧ۡ
Ķһ㣿
ҶС΢¶ĸ飬ƺͨѰ֡
һ㷴Ӧ
Ĳյͣһ˲̧ۣЦɫƺ˼֣˵Լϲˡ
ƽֱҶСһԼάϵЦݡ
ǰѾһڣñأ͸ˡ
һۡ
ȷǶ˵ǸŮ˱вһ˼ͣڴţλ½˲ͬʱó𣿡
Ѱֻʵ⣬ֱܹġ
ҶСЦǿɣλˣҲǱΪһλ۷ˡ
ԣ˼ѹߣû˵
ʼղʲôӦҶСƬ֮󣬾Щ಻סˡ
յŵϣǰ㡪
αºǸŮһǾҼ빬УҪ֪ǸֻѪܿĵع
ҶСδ˵꣬ͱȻ̧ĺĿȻϡ
һæɫ΢׵ѹػͷȥ
ҶСɫ
Ż棬ȻŲ̧ۡ
㰡ĶãӼЩ
ҶСڨڨЦҲǵԺĴơ
֪ǵʲô
һδҶСĻ
ۣһ½ôȻ㿴ϱ˰ɡ
һϲɫҶС۵ӹıȴеû¶ҵ̬ȣĸ㶯ˣ
֣ʡ
ҶСû˵Ѿĵ¶š
Ц
ħάϵôΪʼɵôһŮ˶ġ
ҶСɫһʵ˸˵ʲô
ȷʵû˸˵ʲôҲǷҪɡһЦ̧㲻ҪҲֵá£ֵá
ҡ
Ҳ֡شվ
࣬һ˰סһʱ䡣ΪԸһͨŮˣ㹻˰ɣ
ҶСһ㶣ӦϲüңЦվ
㹻ˣлл
ɾ㣬˿Цȥ
ס
ˣ
ţҶСͿ֮ᣬæͷ߶͸ˡ

ҶСӰȥŴۣһƬҶĬع۲Ƭ̣᲻صصɫ΢
ѳɴ°Ҷϧˡ
*
ħֲ̰ϰħʢ֮ȥڽ̳Ƶʾͽ
磬ùţҶѾϰ
ô磿Ҷʵ
̳ʦ˼ͭ¹ڡ
еǣһ˿Ц⣬ϾǸҲǡħ۱¡Ϊ˸ҲҪߴȥġ
˭ϰʦ𣿡Ҷſڴ߳ԴͷЦʣô˻һ徳һ̬һȣȷʵͦˡ
ô֪
е걾ܵתȥʣֻתһЦ
ˡûʲôǽ㲻֪ġ
Ҷ˸Ƿûɵصͷ

Ǹδѵģ̲סЦ
㲻˯һ𣿡
ҶƳƳóٵˡ
žϰԼϵϣ𣿡
ͫ΢Цɫ

Ҷĵؿһۡ
ֱĿŵˣå
ϵϾͱϵˣſȥɡҶŤ
ƲɣҲɥתҶ۾Цòģ簲ȥ̳ˡ
ȥȥȥҶڰ֡
ħ۵Ӱܿ˶
޹űϡ
Ҷ˴棬׼ز
Ȼ޹֨Ӵһ
Ҷۣ
ô֡
ĻȻֹ
һֲԤͷ
˲񴡣
ûκֱ֤ݣҶʱޱƶظ֪һ㡣
ſڵ硣
֮һҶ쵽Ӱԡ
ʧˣĲ
ϵҶС΢΢һЦ
ϣһֱ︡˪һ͸Ǻ⡣
ŮĴȾ̺Ŀ֬ʱЦݶǴѪȴ̱ǵζ
˰ˡ
βɱ֡
лҪ˵Ҷϴˣҡϡ


26 
˳ڶԵӰ, Ҷһ˲
Ϊһ˲, ͻȻ뵽˻ᵼǸٺ¼, ʲôˡ
ֻϧʱѾͨ, Ҳҵѷ
ֹ鳯ű̵ķ̤н
Ҷһ֮, ڽ
̧ߡ
վ, ԼķҶС۵׵ɱڲءҶϤ
Ͼǰħǵİ¥, Ҳظܹɱ
һһȻͬݡ
λҶС, Ե
뵽Ҷ̲סЦ
Ѿ̧ƵҶСüͷһ壬õؿħ޹ϵŮ, Цʲô
ЦҺͿʵԵַǳѡ

ҶСüš
ǿ򶨻еףԼǷֵġôʱǰ̸ЦŮ, ĵ
ҶСܵؽԼ֮ļƻһ, Ծûҵʲô©
ɫȴԽԽȥ
ص, ƺǿĲڴϵҶｫؾ˫һ̯һ̹Ȼģ
ЦЦ, ֻǸ޸֮ͨŮ˶ѡɱҵĻ, ҿûκܹ
⻰, ҶСľ֮ɫء
, ҲЦһ, ΢䡪
㲻ֻըңȻʱɣ
Ҷգգۣɷµصͷ
пŶ

ҶСɫеҵǲ֪ʲô̵ģ
ҶûŻشһ⣬ħ޹𣿡
ȻûС
ŻҶС߽ɨһȦԾһЩյؽȻĿصϵŮϡʱĻҸ㡪ⲻκġ
ŶҶЦ˵ʲôǡء
ҶСɫһ١֮Ц
㲻ָħ۸ɣ㲻֪ڽ̳𣿡ңλϰʦһ߾ܵʱ䣬֪ΪʲôΪ
ΪķԸ
ҶﲻŲæشҶСĻ
ڶԷȻҶԴбŴһЦôǵʴ⣬ǾͲҪ˷ʱˡΪðʣµʱɲˡ
ҶǸģǳС̲ס΢΢
߬ƣħ۸Ͳ֪顣
Ҹոûħ޹ҶЦȻûô֪û֪˵Ľأ
ҶСʲôЦΪͱϵˣôܡ
ҶСĻȻͣס
һ˲뵽һ㼫ΪµġԭӦǷΧڵĿԡ
΢΢ǰƺҲֻһܹ͵ˡΪδ˿ǰŮܹˡ
ѾµˡҶ۾Цֻ޺Ĵè
ⲻܡҶСૣһΪλϰʦֱǳ徳̬ǶֵġŶ͡
ԽβҶСɫԽǱˡ
ｹضһŽƯСɫҲе
ܹ֪õλʦҲһܹϵסֻҪ
ƽ̧ͬʱҶСŶĴȥ
˪ɫָ⣬ɭĺֱ
ڴϵŮ˴ʱڲЦˡ
ۣƯһĳ־ҶСķָ£ѹһ΢İשһĶ
ʾһССĴڡ
ҶָǴڵĳѡϿͣáȥ
աһ֮Ļȥ
ҶС˫۾Ҳȫɢ˸ɾ
ǲҶɫ仯ҶСȻһЦôͷˣҲãʡҡ
Ļδ䣬ɫȻһס
Ǹ֪ʲôɲϢҶС͵š˫۽ǰ
顪һε˽Сεɣײħݺݵصֵǽϡ
ڵصС۵һڰɫѪ˳
֮䣬ŽεСֽ
֮ʹ̧ͷѾһ޹ǽ
̮ܵשǽĳ䣬Ӱģ･֡
Ƶɤֺ飬¡¡ҶСʹѼ˺ѡ
ڲ¥գҾ͸ֱɱ㡣
ʹҶС۵һ͡
֮󣬲ŰϢϤŵ̧ͷˣĿѡ
Ȼ㡭
ֻȴûٿͷҲתؾֱŴ齶ȥ
û𣿡
˴齸ǰе˫ȷҶﰲȻ˿
û£Ҷ￴޹ǽϵĴ̾˿¶ˡ
ܹоõײǿƥϢڷſٵغӹ
Ϲܹڱƽ޹ڵ£֮ǰҶСϢײܲ
ǲµҶ뷨΢΢ǰ
¶ĵЦݡ
Ҵſڽ̳Ƕ飬ҲѾˡ
Ҷꡣ
ĵĻᵼǸ飬վǷˡ
㣬ںܿġ
۾ܽΣߵҲڲȥҺܿġ
ƭˡ
Ҷ롣

㻹ôδļƻôܸģ
û˵ڡ
ҲֱɱȡԭḲס˫ת򵽴ʱڵϵҶС
΢΢ϵЦݺ䡣
˫̧ǽڷ޳ƴӿɫ¶
ÿ΢΢ɫ棬
һпʼ֮ǰƽҰණĨɡ
ֻûжϵҶվеֱ󡪡
˷ʱˡ
һæɫĻջڡ

ȷҶ߬Լϵϸûʲôе׵ؿҶ
Ҷ̧ͷϵ¡
ôѧ׽ǰɣ
ĿΡ
ûΪոһϡʬ޴ġ

Ҷһ룬ֱ޹ǰȥ
Ƚع
عסģ㡣
ϻҵġ

ոջڵĳ޾񴣬ʱǸͨʮ꣬εǰΪŮ˰Լקǰ
ֻٳ֮ǰµָ΢΢һ
һɫĻ䵽˵棬̶Ѹû
ֻģϢŲԶѾȥҶСжȥ
һ
һɫµ˸նͬʱͣ޹Ĵ档
Ϊһ˽Ѹǰ̽˵ڵϵҶСϢ
תҡҡͷ
һϢڣѾħɾʲôҲˡ
ħ桯
ظһ飬ȴҪֽ³
֮ͷЦ
֮ϣƺȻڱħǣ¡¡İƲ﷭Ϣֱħѹ
֮Ц
ͬʱȻ޹ǰҲϢʧĵط
һѪĹâʢºЦ۾֡
ѰôĵعԭͱǸС˰
ȻܽصػָΪһС㡭ȻɽĴ
ֱ̧ۣȻȻ¡
˿ڳ޾Ϣ£Ȼǰȥ
ϵЦعº͡
ǰĿ·𴩹ǲ͸䵽µĵع֮ڡ
áôһŮˣȻİôĿİ׷ѡ
޾ôҲֻǸŮ鳤ķѡ
*
عڡ
ڱϢΪ¶ʱѾˣǷϢʧľصֻʱϵ⡣
ʯϣ괹˫ȣԴҶ
㣬㺦𣿡

ҶƳһۣ£ˡ
Ȼô˵Ů˵аͺص
ԥᶼ
̲סЦ
һҪ˵ĻǴֻеĲˡ
ǽʲô
ڸùĵģӦòʲôɣҶ̾˿ҪȥüģĸƾҪʧˣԼ
ĻָȻһͣ
ͼóѣЦ£ǰͣڰյָ¡
ϲ㡣
⧲Ҷԭء
ԣЦݴģֻ˾ʪĵع·սůڵĹ⡣
ۣҺ
һۣͻ̲סҪЦ
Ҷ̾˿ջߡ
Ų˼ľ롣
㲻Ҫ£һŽġµһ̣һվڽǰġ
졣
Ҷûؿڡ
û˵ˣź۾һ˲˲ضҶ
Ҷﱻûޣȥ
ôԣһһ㣬
Ϊ㿴񲻿İ񴴹ۣʣµʱ䲻ˣҲ㲻ġ
Ҷۿ
ӿ㣬ƯͦعĳƵƻ谵۽ޱƻӳţڰƤϴµ衣
¿ˣ⻰˵ǲ
ҪǸŮӣƱػΪ
㲻Ůӣ֪ҹħ鷢չҶҲ˵ԡԺԭҲǸܻһµĴڡ
Ҫô˵һţΪˣ
㵽Ϊʲôģ
ͻȻ̧ʵȴǸԼΣûϵ⡣
Ҷ￴ֻԼ
ʲô
ոǽ֮ǰҸԼ˸ġҶתͷʶذֻȻһֱոҲŷ֣ҴģӮ񶼰Լӽȥˡ
һ㶣ؿܸǸעʲô𣿡
һ⡣شˣҾ͸㡣
š
Ҷʣԭһ˳ɸյ۷塭Ϊңһжͬˡиļƻһ𣿡
ָˣ
۾Ц
ش⡣ҶȴЦֻؿ
񴿴һ۵عͥķѾԼΣյϢ
̾𣿡
ᡣҶһ˾ʲôҲûˡ
̧ۣЦˡ
һźôܻأ
ԭѡ㣬ûѡһҲŻڡ
Ҷһ
ߵŵˡ
𣿡ļⰡ㡣
Ҷ΢͡
ۣ֮Ҳ
ٸһλᣬ㻹ѡң½ģ
ؿ
ҪҸĴ۵ĻһҲ֮ǰɡ
عá
ֱһͥ顢ǽ
Ҷع
ЦЦҸԼǸİǲᡭϾʶ֮ǰҿֻӱˣԼġ
ҶĿ⣬ɫ΢΢¡
ʶش۴һ飬Ҷ
ʼձҶǸˡ
ǵúҶԭ˵״ķ
֪ûʲôá
ֻǱܵأʱһʲôʵԤС
а
ҶĶ
Ҫ¶Լľģں޷ԤƵǰ£ʵ̫ˡ
ŪԼǰķֻ΢ŵض
Ļǰ¶ˡ
Ҷջ֣ĻǸáѡ
ݸһЦϾȻϲҵɵӣʵǲˡһһɡ
鲻ԽֳȥץҶϣҲǸһס
㡪
ʵǸԼܼ򵥡ҶĻô㶼һңҾͿΪ㡭ǿھһ񡣡

߬ƺ͡İָϣ

֪ȥᷢʲôǾԲҪĽ֡
Ҷﲻ˵һʱĻ
¿ʼдʱǸոµ㣬ǲҪˡ
ҶȥѾʼ͸ָ⣬һĦͷ
۽ǣЦ
ǸħɡֻҪȥջиѩ޵һ졣
ҶĻʱռ䶼ʼŤ
ӵعͥļӰҲǾŵͣӱ˴ˣҪ̸ȴ޷
ҶĤϲͼŶͷٶΪ˻
ǸʹǡҶ
Ҷʶڰ֮ǰڲ
СӽһΣȻôûûСĳƺ

֮Ӱʧ
һ˵ĵعһֻӿ׹£Ȼžһڵء
***
Ҷ
ڵҹħ޹УϵһӰ͵˻
⡰ꡱһ죬ҹһ˲յڶͨ
ưõĴžش˹ϡ
ǳʪζҹͷ亹ɢīɫĳŵ£ת齡
һֱƹſڵ磬߽޹ǰ
ԲǰϵĲһĲ
޳ָڱߣ̧һ
صؽ豭ϡ
䣬ڡ
Ρ
ǰΪϵȴͨѪħعѪеϹ֮ǲ֮ڵعһǽ
ӼһҹͿʼμϡŹֵĶ
׼ƻǱۡ˱ȻγӺƺǾԼƻһСҶҲǸҶͬŮӡ
ǸҶؼУϤϡŮʱӲƫƫ㾡ҲƵظʱֻһֻСȮȥ޸ˡֿʼŮһȥ¥ͬһ豭ٺ
һ׮׮һĿÿһڵܲ˼ؼǰദ·һΣ顣
ǸиҲ
ǸŮ˵ĺ桢̲סõ顢뵽˻ȲʲôҲǲ˼ȥߡԸֻҪԼִš
ԼһĻ˺ѷεľʹࡣ
һ˼ˣ̲סü
ְ̧Ŀϡ
Ƕǻֳ鴤֫ٺɬʹ
Ψһܹһеġ
Ŀѹȥ䵽Լ̧ơ
ָƼƽһ鰲ķ
ǸܹҶġͬʱҲǸεĶ
ֻǲͬǸ𶯻ᷢĴڣԼߵЩ꣬ʼհŵһ
Ҳ߾ִŵصȴԭˡ
ǸŮˣЦò㶼޷Ƶظǰ
¿ʼдʱǸոµ㣬ǲҪˡ
Ǹ͵Цڶߡ
սɫĽڴɰ׵ֱ
Ҷ
Ƶؽг
ÿһǽ˼շתִ
ǷִѾ̽˹
ĨҲβ
ǵһһЦһһ֣вʵؿѰô꣬ȴʼһ
ԡ
ûٳǰ

ɫĻڵһ´ָƼð˳˲ͳһľ档
ûüµĲ豭֮ĩûʣ£ҷ
ָڣ㱻ǿɰȻġ
գʩϵҲжˡ
꽫ջؽӽС
ۣ忡ϼһ˿
ѾǣΨһһۼĶˡ
ǡպ֮תߡ
Աߵǽʱһͣǽǿȥ
λҶĿǱڴ˴ʩĶֶΡ
ǰǸ緢չȥһжףҲˡ
һ˼Ҫİ£ؼ޽ħ
Ҳá
ĴһƣŵĺѪЦɫ

ʵ̫ˡ
ƵǸŮ󶼲òԼŤתһСȷʵýҶСô׼򵥵ȥ
һΣһǷծȥҲ١
*
֡ȷСȷɣ󶨡
޷ϵͳ壬ݵʧܣϵͳȨޡѰϵͳ塭Ѱϵͳ塭
Ҷʶδѣȱҵĵòᡣ
ĺڰǧƤԼ˯˸һƵġӶͶٶľګ
֮ļƬ顣
һҲʱߵ˳򣬽Ժ
ǻָҲһе˼ά֪Լƽ״̬Ҷü
ԣʱѾ֮ġɫ͡·䡱ˣ
ǵģˡ
һеĵͻȻҶĶ
Ҷ򶨵ԣҲⱻһƬͻȻ˸ᡣ
ʲô
ˣҲǹֻΪ޷Ѱҵϵͳ壬ʱľڵġ
ϵͳ
Ҷһ㶡
־ֱףҲʹҶڵһʱھ뵽ԼԵɺ֮ǰνʧܡ
˵Ĳ²ȫȷ֮ǰڵ״̬һβʽʼ񡣱ڣûᣬϧ
һҶֱˣ֪ʲô
ǵģˡ
ܴԴȥҲ̫ϲľĴڡ
ϸ˵ҲֻҪһֻҾܹصϵͳУݵ룬ϵͳȨޡ
Ҷ΢ۣϵͳ壿ҵֻ
ǵģˡ
ڣѾһ壬ֻˣ
ǵģˡһεĵȻԼһ㽾ңΪѡһΪϤ壬ԱӦʼ񡣡

ҶֲԤС
ûʣԼĵط۵
һŮߡ
տ빬Ĵӡϴױˡ
Ҷ



27 
׸ԼʱĴ֮, Ҷûϵͳ, Ҳֻʱԡ
Ȼпܻᰴ಻סˤϵͳ
岻𣿡еĵʱ˵ɻ, ʺܺ, ʱѾǳ徳۷塢ֻһ̤̬Ϊˡ
Ҷ
ⲻΪΪ, ڵ㡭
ҶҶСʱνǳ֮
ǰ, ԭոȥ󽫾˶׼ȵùħһּ⣬ӭȢҶΪħ, 󹬡
Ҷһξǵ÷

񴲢û֮ǰϰϹ, ټΪȡΣֻ踺صظħҶ﷢˹ϵ״ơ衱˺óһʱ䡣
ڼг, ҵֶΣҶСϡ
Ҷںܾ֮񴸴ƻʼĵһ, ΪѾȥҶСܵǨŭ
ǧ, һ֮¡
ҶСԼ
Ҷ̵ضһ¡
ʼ
ϵͳֵʣҪʲôϴҶӦûרŵΪˡ
졣
Ҷ, Ҫһ԰Ļ˼ҵ·ߡ
˲ܡϵͳæѣҪƶԭ˳չֲС
ûҪ񡣡ҶﲻΪ
ϵͳĬ
Ҷ˫ѾҪȵʱ򣬱õһ𡪡
ǿ, ԭ߱, ἫʹȥҲν𣿡
ҶȻһ͡
ϵͳ¼, һ, Ϊѡõġ

Ҷ˿, ΢Ц
ǣˡ
Ȼϵͳгʼѡ𣿡мӼ䶼Ĩ֡

ûеģˡϵͳָ˻е
Ҷ׼١вһ䣬Ͳ׽ʲô
ɫŹֵ̧ͷֱֱյķš
ǷﻹģԼ룬λõоҶﶼʼ黯
֮Ŀ⾹Ȼ͸ǷţһֱԺȥ
Ѿߴ˴ӲԶĳڴУһ·ڵķ

Ҷζ鲻Խһ¡
֪ĵľ죬ҿеؽͣߵʶܹչ
ôǲǸо棿
Ҷ
֪ΪʲôܶǻеģҶﻹǴһ˿Īġȣ
л˵ͬһŬġ
ҶҵûҪԻ˼ʱҲװ𣿡
õˡ
һһϵͳ깵ͨԺҲѾߵҶķˡ
ٴԾ֮ǰҶߵǸ
ʱˣϴױС
ڣҶ̾˿
ɡ
󣬷ű򿪣롣
ΪվһԣȻǸָӵġ
Ϊ¡
ǰ˶ŸװЬñǰ
Ҷš˵ԭһ仰ûڵǰŪ
Ҷ׹ò۵ķΡһʽҶ水յ˽һ죬ڰʱ˸׵
һֻԼĿҶûʶȷûʲôڿ󣬾Ͱ̱˳ڵϡ
ҪǸߵӣӦþǱ̧ġ
ϵͳԥ£ѣȷʵҪ̧ȥġ
Ҷ͵ûųʡ
ΪʲôˣһҲʶ
ϵͳĬһ£СطʣΪʲôʶأ
ҶѵûгϮԭļ𣿡
ħ½ﾫꡣԭѾ룬Ȼ޷Ϯ䡣
Ҷеز׽ϵͳôʣ䡯ļ𣿡
뾫䲻ͬǶʱڽʶؿ˷͸ıҲ޷ġϵͳͣƩ֪ΣգڶʹòӦҲܵضܺͷ
Ҷ˼ص˵ͷ
ȻϵͳĻôڲҪҵֻǲҲˣ
ϵͳƺһ¡ôʣȻųɵؿ˿ڡ
ǸˣΪŴ󲿷ݣû£ҵȨܵƣÿֻܽ޴ġѾҪֻͨҪʶӵ̽ϼɡ
Ҷüÿ켸Σ
Ρ
ҶüĸšôԺܳȥıֻ漢Ӫһ˰
ϵͳѡĬ
Ҷл˳խ齣һͷ㵱ॵķΣĿĵε⡣
Ȼע⵽ǸŸͷڳǰˡ
߹̵ʱƺһֱվԱߡ֮ǰұҷصȹǰһ£һѡڽףǰ档
Ҷϵͳԭʲôˣ
ϵͳ˽ʶӣΪ̽顣
Ҷｫʶ˹ȥ
˱Ӱ΢¡
ϵͳ𣺡ԭֳҶ
Ҷһ㶣ҼǵҶСǶŮ𣿡
ȷʵֻҶүΪ츳ѣүӡϵͳԥ£үϣҲܹħʵȨ
Ҷ°ͣΪ׼õδСܰ΢΢ԴĿ¶ɻ󡣡ôŸոʶӹȥоʲôˣ
ϵͳĵŵɬո˵Ҷ츳ѣ仰Ϊʶڸߡոȷʵʶ̽ˡ
Ҷ
ϵͳ˸ְɣ
ȻµҶҲֻ
ԭϵΣ
ԭӸ߰һƲλֳ˹ϵ׽˵ͬİ·ҲΪҪ빬Ҷűүʱ˻ǰѾˡ
Ҷ˿
ϤǾͺá
*
׵ĶħһȦ֮󣬲Ÿħ
ħ⹬ʵĹŽ룬ϵͳͿʼҶ
ˣڽڹ֮ǰ͵ûϣù̧ȥˡ
ҶسŶӦ
ħλΪϢʶǿĴڣ˾Ҫʶ̽
Ҷ﷭˸ۡ
㲻ѣӦҸո̽Ҷ֮ǰ˵𣿡

Ҷûյκλ
ϵͳǸһһģһؼͿʼװ
һ뵽ҶûʲôͶ
Щüġ
ڵʱ˴춼û뵽ʲôȫİ취һء
ûϹ󷨶̽飬ѲҪһʮꡭչħ۽Ѿʮˡ
Ҷޱխϡ

ʮֻô
֪ڹĹԽԽҶͽʶȫ
복ٶƽֱȫͣס
Ҷյ۵ص֮⳵ڱߵ졣
û˲ˡ
ͳҶǰҶǸԼһѵˡҲҶ
ҶںһͷΣųĸʽȹۣѾĳԸ
ҹɫĺϣħƬܲ͸Ļް
޶Ҳѹ֡
ûҶڹӭ׵ĲǶȥ䲻Ա߾ʹɴ
Ҷﱻһ¡
ϵͳǲͣȴħ½Ȣϰףڵｿߵ顣

˿̺ϸýߵޱ顣
롣
Եͳٴ죬ͬʱһֱֻ쵽ҶԱߡ
Ҷﲻز򿪿ڵҶ
Ҷƺû뵽ûӦ֮ʾһԼֱۡ
Ҷת˿ǰŵɴȣҲԼħ½סΪ˷ֹȵڴˤʺȵ˲ˡ
̾˿ַ̧ȥ
û·Ҷʹͣ
롭
ҶĻȻֹ
Ҷǣһ̣ƺԷһסˡ
ûҶ̽ʲô飬һŲӼĲ̤£Ҷ׶˻عȥ
ݼ¡
Ҷһ
⧲˿û뵽
ϵͳĵҶԺըë
ôƫˣԭ񴲻Ӧóӭװ
Ҷ˲Ϻϵͳ̽֡Ϊʲôƫˡѧ⡣
ΪѹڵѾһ˫ɫĳѥ
Ҳиỽһʲô
Ϥİ
ڸпҶﱳȻס
ոǸƺ
û壬ظ˱飺
Ҷ㣿
Ҷ



28 
Ҷʵʵԭ, һû
֮, Ժӹ뷨
ӡ˭Ķڸʲôôܼǵáôϳҡʲôʱ¶ġ
ֱϵͳ̲סĵһ, , ҶԭͱҪġ
ҶŷӦ
˳ˡ
Ҵ˼ɴȶǰ, ЩıҲûƼ
Ҷԥ£ڣ¡

޲ɴǰĿһ١
֮һ㾪˫˹ȥ
Ȼع񴲻ĵԳЦ
Ƿħˡ
Ȼոôһ˲, ǰҶСǻǡǸŮһء
Ҳƺ
˼ɴȵĿȴº͡
˴޹Զϲɣ

ҶҶֱϴ
Ȼȹ, Ӧһ
ɴȿԳˡ
񴿪, 嵭Цɫ
ԱߴȵŮȴҵ, æӦˣɴȣȥ
˲繣ֱֱһȹŮӡ
ֻϧϷ
Ӹճ, Ŀ⻹ûȽϣҶ৵һµͷȥˡ
ʵ˵㡣
֮, ЦʣΪβϿ, 㲻ϲ𣿡

ΪϲǸѾ, ǵ, ±
ţҶͷҽߡ
񴣺
Ҷ

뿪ħ̫ãԡߡִʻѾ֪ƫ
΢¡˼ʼմ۲ϸԼӵҶ
Ĭε֮Ĵһơ
תԵȻ̧£Ҷ䡣
߰ɣ
ͷݳЦֱȥѰ˵Ķ⣬Ҷ㣿
һ顣
Ҷ̲סϡضһ¡
ķӦȻܻӵùĸ֪
ϸϸҶһ˿ӦҲ©˫һȵɫڱ
ۡ
ѹȥҶ㣬𣿡

ĪϤСǸ󵨵뷨
ôءֻЩš
Ĭ˼룬ҶﺬӦ̧ȥ
䱾ûôʩֱ˾롣
ϵͳС߶ˣݼǲеġʱܶ㣬ҪϣŲɡ
˿û׼ײšϡ
Ҷûһ䡣
ϵͳԥ£СվչҶԹ޳̶ȴһ½߷׶ΣһСģȻһСľͿһʬ³
Ҳô

Ҷϵͳ˼䣬֮ǰɳ
ӭ׵ĲǶӽҶһֱ͵ħ޹֮⡣
Ϥոո𡢵İúѾ˲֪޹ҶҲ
ڴ˿ͣ¡
ҶڹŮ̺£˲޹档
Ƭ֮޹ǰĴźˡ
վڱպϵĴǰĿǰ

ʱ˿̣̫ĺԼõĴˡ
Ҳؼһʱ
˾ԼֱϣҲܲ
ţħɨһ۵

£
ӳһ£ħգգۡ
֪ǲԼˡ
ǱáǸ˵ҪҪزż޽Ŀ
ѵܵμӻħǰ£
ӳ£Լ׼˼룬񡪡
ǣ¡
*
޹֮һ˿ѷɫҶﾭڡ
ҶԼɴϵʱѾǹˡ
̺ĹŮǷ׷˳޹˵ȥ
Ű޹Ҷһ߸ϵͳŴĶԲߣһ߽ʶӡ
ⰲҹЩдļԶĸƵƮҶĶ
Ů˳ǰϵѬ㣬ʱȼңƢӿ
ϵͳҶֻԼƤҲԽԽء
ֱĳǰȥδƻĶ˹ߣҶʶҲų˺ڰ

ҶǱϵͳѵġ
ûۣ˶ǲͣЪġĽл
㣬ҶԹţ̵ۣ
ʣµĻҭ˺ڡ

ʱռȫߵģϤħ޹齵Ķ񡭡ԼһžŵĿ

Ҷܵؾһ˼άһĳЩ
飡һ졣
ǰĿʧˡ
ҶĽ״˺֪ʹ
Ҷ
ոպ񡭡ʲôˡ߳ȥˡ
Ϊ߳ȥš
ûذɡ

ҶＸȥ
װװɵȻˡ
ֻܱ֮ĵ̵֮Ķ
һʱⲻ챻߳˺üɵħ۱£ʱޱվڶС
ڵֱֱ

Ҷӡ
ĶߣǸֻԼϵͳǶ߸˵ؽ͡
ˣ֮ǰ˵ģΣܹܶܺͷˣ
Ҷ


29 
ټħ޹Ϣ
֮, µ˴۵С۵ؽš
ôʱʲôΪ, Ҷϸϸذվڵеһ顣
ȽϳʼǰǸʮ, Ѿʮħ۱¿ٰθ˶ʮ֡
ɫҲڲס˽ӽα, 涥ŵſ͸֤ҶﵱձسɻԤ⡣
Ϳϧ覴õĿ, ʱ㲻Ϻÿ
Ҷͷϴ
جȻŵˣˡ

΢ذѴϵŮ˶˼飬ȻƴһЦ
Ҷ, ѵֻСšôһ
Ҷü

ҶСŵĶȻǱɱľġ
ֻԭ˵ҪҶСѣҲӦʱΰ
ѵһŰˣ
ԽҶԽ飬һƫѾ˲СӰ, Ҳ, Լôˡ
ӿ֮ǰ, ԡ
Ϊ˱˻ΪԼ
뵽Ҷﵱɡش
ˡ
ǰǾ֡

վԭص
ʱҲ޷ֱ棬޵ϤУξ𵽽ӽħ, ǡǰҶĸǸŮйأ
Ǿ̽һºˡ
񴴽˵㻡ȡ
̤ǰ߱ߴȥ۵, дŵ㵭Ц
Ҷ, ⶴʱȴԼһ˯˹ȥ

Ҷһ
Ļˡ
ԭ, ûϹڱ, ҲΪħҪΪȡΣ踺صذİŸҶСϵ
ҶǵԼǶʱͦͬġ
£ñͬıԼ
ȵȣ
оϵѬζѾޱʱҶ̲סˣְȽƾԼԶĵط
Ҷ㣿
֮£Ƶƺɻ
Ҷ˫ȴ
ҶϵͳҲˣˣԭ鰡
ҲԭҶĵ׻صֱ׳
ϵͳе㲻˼ı飬˫ִۣԾɲȥ񴡣
£ҽ岻ʣˡס
΢ۣ󣺡Ҷﲻʣ
Ҷ͵ˡ
̧ͷϣˮ

ıһ˲Ť
Ҷգգۣ²֪Ϊˮ
Ҷ¾žǡΪ´ɽ󡱣æӦֻЩ⡣
Ҷߡصͷÿ¶Уûʲôġ

񴾹ȻԼ֪νӻ
ҶҲûӻʱ䣬Ǳ¿֪ˮÿҪ죿
񴣺
Ϊʲô֪
ĬܵʱԽϵĿհԼ֪ҶĵЦЦ
ϣڻļ޴ϵԾɵͷߡЦÿ¶ʮŶ
ϵͳҶĶ߳ضͬ̾˿
ͬȻǴʱλɵеãȻħ۱¡
ŮӼҵĿˮһҪʮ
ǹȻܿ°
ҶǸ⣺Խʼֻܸʱ齶ˡ
ûһӲؿҶ
ҶЦЦ治ɫ֪ˮŮӲͬ齶ޣ׺壬¸ʹᡭ
󣬱һ֪ʶħ۱ϡͿر˴齡
ٻعʱ򣬴Ѿˡ
ǸŮδ
£ˮŮҹЩϢȻ󻼸࣬¼񡣡
񴣺
ˮ
ǣħ۱µһŮ󹬵Ĵ鵱ҹԼһ˾̸ǹ˯˶ࡰ˯齡
һֱ˯齣ͻȻ֪طӦ

ȥ̽Է
ôȥ֪ʶˣ
*
ڶ죬ҶһۣƼ޹ϤĶͼʱȻ֮һԼһĸо
Ƕϵͳʵֵ̫Ļ
ֱһֻ޷ֶرյӰ
Ҷҧгݵ
ϵͳԾੲݣųʶиоʲôϤĴڣ
Ҷޱ飺ոҶûѣܸܵʲô
Ϊϵͳ
ôһ˵òˡ
˵ţҶﻹǰʶӳȥ

ϵͳԺﾪһԵϲ߿

ϾͱһӶѵҶ̵ط˸ܴۡһ
ˣҸоϵͳˣĳһ
Ҷһ㶡
ʶ·ųȥ̽һȦ޹ƺʲôƵã֮ǰҶطշ硣
Ҳ㹻ȷʱ񴲢ڵˡ
Ҷţƿ齡
ڹȻһˡ
ҶĿѲ
ϵͳеһԼȥ
ϵͳίίˣڻڣһġ
ŶͺáҶޱ飬Ҿġ
˵꣬ҶվڶȦ
ֻܸܵ𣿾ĸλ
ٴپ͸֪ˡ

Ҷ˹ȥ
ٴīֽ鱾档
Ҷ߹ȥ˺һȴһ
΢üȷûо
ϵͳ׼˵Ҷﵹ˿
˻㿴Ǹŵķ飬ǲҵֻ
ϵͳĬ˰죬һְʹ˿ڡ
ǸˣǾǡ
Ҷ
˲ϱģҶæȥ˵˱ĿֻϵĻҳ

ȻϤı˿ȴ˲̵ӡ
߻һȦѰֽš
Ҷùһ۵˼̧֮ǽֻ˳õֽ˽ȥ
һʱһֻĹܡ
ʮ

ǡש
ֻĻҶԶοظп
вĵԺһ䣺𣿡
ֻĻˢһ³һСڡ

ҶϵϲתΪޱ飬ҪˣΪʲôҵ
һΣĻ춼ûڳ֡
Ҷ
Ϥװ·
ҶֻŪȦؿ˿ڣҪȻһǵȥɣҲûʲôˡ
һ룬ֻĻһС
Ҿܾߡ

еһһϵͳԼͬغ˴ʱһģӰ
ܿ죬Ӱʧ١
ȡʤҶҲ侲˼ؿֻ
ôأ


30 
ôأ
ҶŪֻ, ˼˼䡣
ϵͳĻϹɵصϵͳӦǵڵعˡ
Ҷ΢, ᷢʲô˰ɣ
ϵͳ£ġϵͳн׶νʼɺҼʱΪٷ֮١
, Ӧڷֵعϵͳ, ֻǵһͨ˶ѡʱ, 治ǻҳ𣿡

Ҷֻⲽ˴ԡ
üԾ΢΢š
֪Ϊʲô, ֻͻȻ־ЩĪز
һʱҲͷ, ҶҲûٰ׷ʱ䡣
˴齱, Լֻʼ˾ñطĵһС
һ鿴淢˵仯
书ܣҶɫŹֵϵͳԼԼϢġ
ϵͳ, ϵͳ, 书á
ûҶ￴ʣµּ, ˡһ
Ϣ
Ů峺

Ҷȴֻӳȥ
ȷӦһжֻҶޱؿ˿ڣҴʱܻһ, ͸ҽүˣ
ԶҴûע⵽ôأ
ϵͳ֮ͣӦ
Ϣŭ书񷢲ֻǸһĴڣ̵֮ɾģʽ
ҶｫŽɵȥĶϷʼʾϢ
ȥֻһת, Ȼ
ΨһһϢ, ȻʾһϢ
ַĺɫ, ϢֻСĸġ
ֳģʽҶϤܵؾֵĸϡ
һ̣ת
صĶ
Ҷ
שڻֻܴÿĶ
ϵͳԹԴ𻰣Լ䡣
ҶΣ¶ֻϡ
ת֮󣬴ʱĶٲȻȥһ½ڡ
½Ŀǡ򡱡
ʲô˼
ϵͳ񷢲˼ո½ԭнɫƶ߾鷢չ
Ҷû˵һĿʮеɨһµ
һ߿ţԼҲѾһ߻һݡ
ҶС빬Уħۺ״ƶһʱ䡣ָƻ˿뿪ħǰѰ뷽跨غƭҶСΪԼת
֮µĽƣ׼ʱ뿪ħҶСΪ񴣬Ҳͬǰ򡭡
򵥻һ֮ݣҶ̧ۣԣҪװƭȻȥת
ϵͳǵģˡ
ҶҺܺ棬Ҳôǻ
ϵͳ
һƤһµԼҵʵЩѱ
ϵͳԼݿټ
ֻ֮ȥĻȻһ
ϵͳһϵͳеӦ񴡪
ӦʲôҶЩĪؿϵͳͻȻסһĵ
ȻһŮֻ𣬴ױȵϤ
ҪģҶõ
Ҷ
˰ŻعȱŸ첲¡
ҵʱ˵ʱôɿĿǵ𣿡
ϵͳԭʵ¼ûκ١
Ҷ̾˿ǴӦģֲǴӦһ
ϵͳʵһλɡ
Ҷһ
ϵͳֻΪһûǰһѾԶرˡȻһҲ޷ϡ
ҶĬ룬ָҴˣ
ϵͳ
ˡ͵ΪԼħġһġ
*
ȷ֮ҶͿʼƭԼ
һȣ͵˽¡ڣû޹¶һ档
ԭƭǰļˡ
޹ĵҶｫʶųȥϹۣ֮
˵ħǸ빬ʧ𣿡
ƿ϶ˡ˵ħ۱¶ʮûع޹һֱڽ̳ǱϢġ
̫˰
ɹֲñˣ޹ֵصĻ˵ħ檵ϻѱ´ӻ鴲أ
ô⺷𣿡
ҶС빬ǰû˵ҿһ㶼⡭

ǵ۵Ĺ˵Զȥ޹ڵҶػ˻Լֻ
˵ǰߵˣѾϷˣ
ϵͳ˺һ̵صһ
񴲻ôС۵
Ҷɿͼһ´ڵ
ôĻ˵ıʲô顣

Ҷñһ
ôԼǱǸıƶԴĶ
뵽ҶҲסˡ޹ߡ
һ޹ǰĵţſڵ׷׼
Ҷͣ˲Ǹ
֪´ʱںδ
޹ֵһϵҶʻԥؾ͸˴𰸡
նҶڽ̳д衯
˵һʣϻһ˿ڽȥ
Ҷһ㶡
룬ŷӦ˻ġҶӡָҶСλѪԵϵֳ
汻Լߵˣתֵ㣬ĴҶˣ
Ҷĵ̾
ϵͳ˵ûȻС۵ĳ̶ȸǸԼˮϺĹʲô

ţҶֵ˸
·ȥ̳


31 
ħ½, 㲻еͨҲΪ
ǿ֮⣬ħ½ϵҲϲһ׻ʽ̳ħǵĹӵϰĵط
Ǹκһħ۱¶ٽ̳ǰҲ˱ˡ
Ψһͬ
ֻ׿˵, Ϊħ۱²ķϰصλϰʦÿڽ̳ڶԱ½н̵
ͬʱΪħ֮𣬵Ҳܶռ̳, Ծӵڱʱһͬϰ
ʱ˶֪ıǸеġ, ӹǶͨҪһЩûȡʶԭҲûٱЩӵŽ̳Ц, Ǳ衣
ֻЩڵ˶Ϊ˵õ, ֪λµʶΪ, 㹻ǵÿһ
ڽ̳һʳ, Ըʾڵ׶˵ħ, Ȼжˡ
˾ҶСֳҶˡ
ͨһ, ҶҲͲΪ˵˵ġд衱, ¶ڽɫ
Ͼ˵, ˵ʵΪ䡪ȫͬһ硣
˵ǡд衱, ˵ǡϷˣˡ
Ҷ˵Ը, Ӧò˶Ӱɣ
Ҷʡ
⡱ϵͳʱʶϵͳʱǹȣԭ˵ҶΪ̹, мӬӪ֮¡Ҳ֪ϤͲϽԭ򡣡
ô˵, ˶뻹ʲôı˰
Ҷ˼
ϵͳԥ£̲סСѣ, վħһӵġ
ҶûûεЦЦŶǸⲻҿĽǶ𣿹Ϸ̫
ϵͳ硣
ͣûһҶµ˽̳档
̳ǰһħӵܵӴһ̸
Ƿ˵ýô󣿡
ǧȷѾҶˡ
ܰɣҶǿħﶼŵţǷôܺҶȣ
Ҷƺûжǵƴ
Ҿ˵
Ҷ˼

ֵ͵ʾħۿ¶ˣĿǰֻҶ֮ô
ûҶѾ̳档
ʶһɨȼҶֻҶԣǽ̳طҶȴûѰӰ
£Ҷǣ޺Цݣ̧Ҷڵķȥ
*
۱£Ҫô
̳ϰڣϰʦ̷šüʡ
ͬһװɫѾκһͼӽεļƻ͸ĴҶá
˼Ҷ˵ҶȻƿһЩҶ˵ҶҲԶҶҪֵεöడ¡

ɫһ̧ۣü¡
ΪҲգ˵ˣ
һƬš
عƺǰԼʧ̬šȥ
վԭص˴ã֮ɫȻָǵ׷˳ȥ£
ص̳ʱ򣬼ǵһʱͷһϤϢĴڡ
һĿʶʶ׷ĳ
ȻƼҶԣǸЦ绨Ůˡ
Ȱ
񴲻֪ü
¡
ʱѾ׷ԡ
񴽣üĳ౾ܵظſ˹ȥ
һ֮Լһ£ᵽ̳Ҷģ

˿ŰǾ䡰Ϊʲôҵġѹ˻ȥ
ޱƳһۣȻֱڵķ˹ȥ
౻һ۱Щ޹վԭشŷӦæ׷ǰ
ᣬҶŬҶ룬ͻȻ;һƬӰԱͷ
ŤȥһĿ⣬ͽ¡
ǹġ
Ҷﱻ飬ɱܿߣϵͳֹһžô𣿡ԭҶСǰݼͦõ𣿡
ϵͳĬ˻ˣҲǵһμôTġ
Ҷ
ʲô
ڵЩƣ֪ΪƺЩ֮ͬǰ̸
ŮӵĺԼ˸ĳһƵ˼
ҶȴûϣϵͳȡϲӦʲôı飿
ϵͳɣЦЦɣ
Ҷ룬ͬصͷ
Ȼ񴣬ǣһĲõЦģ˵ڽ̳д裬ר̸ġ
仰ĳĸֳɹħ۱ǸרĳӰ񾭣ɫ˲ʱֳһɫȡ
ѾɫرܵһȥҶԵظоĳ⡣
ҶҲ񶢵һë΢ЦϵͳֹϲһЦĻڶҶСĳӦõ̶ֳˣ
ϵͳšƤѪ

Ҷʹļף񰡡
ϵͳһΪȡġ
һ⻰ҶϵЦݸ˼ֿ֣񴡣
дѾˣ
üûӻԱ߿ȥ
յвӻѽ½յϰδꡣ
Ҷ˹ȥλǡ
࣬Ϊϰʦ
Ҷ΢΢
Ҷȴɫ΢䡣
˰Ǿ
Цţȴ̲סϵͳ಻֮űôھѾϰʦˣ
ϵͳҲǲ⣺չƺֳƫˣⲻС¡
˵˵û˵ķϻҶﲻôõؿ˿ڣҲû꣬ôᡮ
øԹҶԥ̧ͷ΢Ц˻ȥ
˵˵Ļڰ¡

ΥϤǶ
һԵ໹ǵһ˸ôǱ½а壬ɾ㵵ؿһҶȻת񴡣
Ȼͷ֣֮ﾹǺ񻮹õȥ
ࣺϹϹˡ
һߣϵͳˡѭ衱ҶｫԼıŬ
ȻϰδҾȱһͬعˡ
ûס裬ֻ뵽Լһܾ˻ȥ
ȻǱ¿ˣŬûʲô
ҡع
ࣺ
ܾҲˣİʲô
ҶҲеûӦգۣû˵ǹͷʦǸʲô
ϵͳһݿ⣬һػش𣺡ҧݰɡˡ

Ҷضͬص˵ͷ


32 
ҡع

ħ۱˵Ļ춼ûõӦ, ǲҲ˲װνˡɤӣŬûʲôģҶ
Ҷﱻһȴ΢΢, ŵ
¶׼

ͬŮҵġߡ˿⺷Ҷ඼ǲʡ
ǿʱȴǱ²˿ûвʣѾҪѹס۵ıȡõˡ
ֱۡ
ƺҲԼʧ̬˵, Ҷ̧ͷ, ת
ʦҽϰ, Ӧֻʣһ˰ɣ

֪½컹ɶû, ֻܸ˵Ϲ
ǵ, ¡ʣһˡ
ҽҶд, ԼϽ, һӦķ̫ʱˡʦΪأ
ޱ, ǵ, , ķ̫ʱˡ
ȻƼ, βɴھأ
﷭Ű롣
Ȼͷ, Լ׻̫ˡ
ĻͷƳҶһ, ˾䣺˽
Ҷ䲻, մ
΢
Ҳû𣿡
ҶɻˣûС
⣺ǽڳ߹Ħ, ٽ㡣
Ҷ
˵ʲôŸԼҪĦѧϰĴʾ
ûһ䣬װħ۱ѾתרõĽ̳ˡ
ʵ벻׵Ҷֻε̧Ÿȥ
Ҷ߳ȥԶȷʶӦߵҶЦ̾˿
ԭΪøһ㣬ˣ˼УԽԽ˸㲻˰
ʲô㲻ġû飬˵֮һΪȸеۿȸ¾ϲרǵĴƿȸſڿûʲô£϶·ġ
ҶɣŰ壬ǴȤζЦҲֺ
δ˸߼Ҷĳ
һתЦеؿҶ˵Ҷӹ£ҪҶֽһ֪ҶӿϾ
δ˿ҶĳȻ֪޲ԡ
ҶӹȻˬ롣
δ롣

̳ԼĪжʮ̨һѾվ˵ġ߹ȥʱһſ̨
ĹӵܼһΪģ֮ǰ߽ʱٶܲ׷ת
ʶҲģ˵һˣҲмĿǰһ̹Ȼģתȥϰ
Ҷﲻϵͳ̽µõЩ˵ݱȻħ鸽µĹٻӵܡ
żȨƣȻǶûʲôʵȨҲûΪĿܱº޾η
в˿񣬱ȿ񴶼Ҫࡣ
״Ҷﲻش£ȴٲȻϰΪˡ
ֱߵ̨ǰ𹭼鹭棬鿴ƽʱ޶¡
ҶΪѹļЦ̨
ҶЩӵؿıӰ
֮Ҳ룬ȴǰΪͬ˰
Ǿ𣿡ϵͳĵرĳʡ
Ҷһ΢￴óˣ
ڵζӡ˰ϵͳС
ⲻۣип
ϵͳʲôп
ҶȰһ֡ҹӳɡĸпɡ
ϵͳ
ҶûϵͳעеתѾϡ
ΪϢ첻ģӼҶ²ԾûΪסڲ֪Ϊʵ˿λ£ʱֱĵ׼ȺһһͣЪٶȾ͸Ǿﲻѡ
֮ǰҶӱдʱҲûħ۱ʱϬ
ֱˡ
ûö೤ʱ䣬̨Ѿ˷׷׽˹
Щĸп̾ҶõعЦݡ
ֻ壬ȻҲʼɺͱ˷ͷĲ
̨ڲԶǼλӵܡոջǰﳰܵħۣʱٲȻǹ֮ǰķͷʱʱӹߣҲѾԽϷˡ
һ̴ѹ
үΡ
˽ضϣȴԳ֡
үҪүϾΪֱӳֻ᲻Ц
Ҿպ÷ִˡ˵ظոտڵӣΪûЦˣ
үǡ

ʶ˻УҶ΢䣬ȴδת̨
վ̨Ӻξɣƺʮıۺ졣
ǵýϲ
ҶЦŹ˹
ϵͳȴԶûҶʱƽ
ΪλֹԭûһΡڴʱ¶Ϊȥֻꡭ
ҶﲻȻֹ
ϵͳ
֪ôµ˲𣿡
ҶЦеʡ
ʱǸΪүѾߵԼ̨ǰ˹ҡ
޳ĹԲһĻȣǹҶڿ
ɫ΢䣬׷˹ȥ

ע롣ڳֻҪΪģһ㶼
ϵͳˣҲ˲ϻشҶ⣬ٲֹˣ
Ҷ΢Ц£ǲ£ֹûõİ
µͬʱ֧ವһҶȥǰѷͿҪһ˺ѡ
֮󣬡䡱һը죬ԶһŰӣѾڷ̳׷׵ȥ
̳һƬȻ
һĻ˿Ҷ⣬Ц̧ǰߣƯͫȴġ

ֹһΣҲһΣһΣһΡ
һĻ̨ǸʼٸһƲ̶һ̬űֵͣķȥ
һ©Ǿ˱¡вˡ
˳Ҿȥ˼ŵȴ¶Ц
̳ﾡǶĿߣ־ָĳŪ˿Ȼѻȸŵ񴡣
ʵЩ棬֪λǷ񻹻ǰЩӶȥ
⾲ĬиЦЦԼϾ䡪
Ҫ˲£͵֮󣬺ݡݡسͽһ¡а
һ£вȲһ˷Ӧٶֱ̼㵽Ҿǰ

һҵ˻ƽʺѪ˿С
Ⱥһʱҡ
˽ģŮȴЦƯ޺۶΢΢
ӴǸҲвҲһ²©оŵĵط
Ҷﻰͣסһšֱת񴣬Ҳδ̧Ҿȥ
Ҳˡš


33 
Ļ֮, ̳ܿ㰲
վŮӣڳÿһ˶Ϥúܡ㲻Ҷħ, ˵ҶСһ˵츳Ϊ,
Ҳͬٮٮߡһ졪˱Ҷѹһͷ⣬ħͬҲѰŸܸеġ
֮⣬ҶСһؽҲ֪ݡ
뵽˶ͬؿ򻹱ԼѪұڵϰɡ
ҶСǰħ۱£Լìͷײ
ô, Ҷ벻⡣
һҾ֮, ֱ, ȴײûüܿĿ
ӭħ۱ɫȻΨ˫ʯƵͫǹⶼղȥİ
ǲĳҶһ£ļ米ǽܵ΢΢
ȥĥʲô⣬ѾѹߣתĹŻ̨ȥ
Ҷﵽʱſ
ոտǸʲô˼
ϵͳĬ˺ܾòСֳʵػش𣺡֪, Ǻ˰
ҶҲеˡ
оԼǱʲô޶ϵ
뵽Ҷﲻ̾˿, ֻһ޺վһȥ˰
ϵͳĬ
˴Ƕԡ޺ʲô⡣
ҶȻ֪Լϵͳʱڸʲô, ûмƽϵ˼Ҳ̨ϰֹɡ
ӼǸŭԵصͷȥ
ҶƲ´Цرֱ, ô죬ȥҶҪȥģԲ󻼣ܶԺоֳʧֵĳ¡
Ҷﻰʱҵߵԡ
عɡ
ħ۱»΢ơ
Ҷﻹûüϸ۲Է飬ֱԼ
ô䵭𣿡Ҷ±ǣһ߸ȥһɻϵͳûоţͻȻʲôʱʼҽСҶ㡯ˣ
ϵͳţԼҲǴ˰´֮󡣡
Ҷ
С۵Ĺӡ
Ҷпǰȥûע⵽ɫһ㰵ŵԼĽű߻ֱĳ̨Ǳжȥ
ǵ㰵û˻Źɵ
*
̳±ϣۼµϰ޷ˣҶһϻع
ټĹֻ͢Եˣ̲ҳţسҲ͸İ
ҲֻǱ氲
Ѿϵͳ߶߶һ·ġ񡱣ҶڲţҪƳڵĳơ
¡
㡪
ȻɺϵǣҲͬһʱ̳
˲Լͬͣסڣ΢ŶԷ
Ҷۣ뽲
һֻҶ˵ʱ㲻غұ¡
Ҷû֨񴡣

Ǻʲôô
ȻҶʣԼҲֻΪ¡ν裬һʱδ˼ͽ˵˿ڣʱûʲô͵뷨
ҶĿ⣬ͷһ¡
һȳɣѧѰ֮䣬Ҳƺҡɡ
ҶȻһ٣
ϵͳ˷ܣˣӦþԭտΪ֮תǰǶˡ˿˳ȥһܴɣ
ҶϵͳԶϱŲʧڵ΢Ц£Ѱ֮һ㲻ƺ
ʣγƺ
Ҷ΢ЦߺÿĴ仺³ĸ֣
ͷӡ
񴣺
һ㶼˵ġҶϵ
һ
Ƭ̺ƿۣ⡣
ܹҶߵı΢΢
á

Ժ󣬡תߣҶҲƺҺˡ

ΣҪʵʩ˼ҶԼˡ
£ǿЦġ
ţҲǡ
Ҷ
òѾһֻĻĹӡ
֮Ĺָֻ˾ԡ
ֱ˹ţҶﶼûȵϵͳ˵Ƕպԭ顣
ۼ޹ѾԽԽҶ̲סˡ
֮ǰ飬ֻƺһ𣿡
һ
Ҷ˿Цݣ뽲
£˵Ҷ㲢ѪԵáദ֮ʱǱЩá
Ҷ

һҪ̸ģҶﲻĵ£û˵ˣ
񴿴ûˡ
Ӧ룿

Ĭ˼룬㵽ʲô
Ҷһת
˵Ҫ
仰ĿȻ͡
Ҷ֪
δ˵ġ
Ҷϣԥֱ׳˦˹


34 
һҶ, ɫһ
ģ
Ҷﱻ̵һ롣
Լȥ̨ʱ˵ȥҶ²ܲ˵ض, δʱ, ġ
ûٽӻ
Ҷ΢ͬʱ׷ϵͳҶСγƺţ
ϵͳҵæ

Ҷ̧¶Цֶ֪ܽһ, ²㿪ڵĻ, ҿԴΪȰ˵һͣ,
Ҷֲ䣬ֶ⣬׽Զ˵ϻ֪ġ
µ޳ָ߬ȭ
࿪ۡ
ء
Ҷһ¡
˵֮ǰȫȻΪǼǺһ֮Ѿðһʺš˽⣬˾ǰ˽ѪֲԸ,
ôΪһС¶ֵĴû᣿
ϵͳǷ˼, Ǻã
Ҷ񣬽ѹ, µġ

һֱ޹ϵͳҶ׷ʸͣ
Ҷﱻ÷ˣ̧ͷƳһǰӰ
µĿ⡣
˭˵ȥ̸һҪӦʣ
ϵͳһΪλ
ֻҪ֪, ֪µġҶﴽһǣ
ġҶСϲ񴡢Ϊκ顪ħﻹм˲֪𣿡
ԭˣϵͳȻ򣬼̶ȣʵ̫Ӣˡ
*
Ϊðħ۱¶ҶСѵ˵飬ûüħﴫ˸з
Ҷﶼʱʱʶ̽۴µĻ
һûֹ֮չȥ
ЩŻȻ֮Ҷ˸ǰ֪ҶǱԼ̳滤Ҷȥ̳빬ֱ󽫾ȥ
ֱڽŷǣ߽ԺҶҲϵͳੲݵ߶
Ĳ𣿰趨˵Ʋϼ޻ҲĺԽΣָԽߣһСľһʬ³ҪҪȿǶʲôȫ֮ߡһɹҲð
Ҷһ·ʱǶеһһˡܱĻɹӦþͻߺܶˡ
ϵͳûģΪôݵ㲻ǱֵĿԣҲǳƲе̸а
ָҺΪλֻ˵Ҿܶˡ
ϵͳ⡣
ҶΣô˵ҲˣֻճУ԰չ̨Ϊ˼ҽԼô
˵ÿı󵽵º󣬵Ҫԭйֱ̼ӵĻѣСչ̨ϸöʲôʱҲܸԷƾе״̬
ϵͳƺЩ£ѵһֶû˵
ҶҲöѿࡣ
ѾƬ֣۾Ц
˵̸ܷɹƾоԲҪģҪǡӮ
ܲ廰Ļᣬϵͳæʣ˼˵Ҳأ
ȻҶ˵ȻԭûоἰҶС̸й̡ţСǸӺܻô
ϵͳʵظ˸񶨴𰸡
԰Ȼܹ˵ôֻһֿܣʵҲϣġ

ϵͳ˼
ֱҶּ辶ϵͳͻȻ˷ܵؽһ
֪ˣǵع
Ҷһǣǰ飬һֱĵĵط֪ڱΪ֮ԵɺϵײѰõĵععӦһ֪ôֻڰ˵ħĴңýܾӵеعѪ񴡭
ϵͳؽ°䣺ǸṩҵعĻᰡ
Ҷɷµصͷôġ
һҶԶĿħķ򣬴
Ҳе桭˵Ӧò֪һе񴣬ǲǺܿѾµô̬ȹԭأ

*
ġЭ̡ҶлҪ˳
СʱѾ߳˴󽫾
ŷ󹧽͡
վڹҶԣҶΪҶƿ˳š
ǷҪһˣ
أֱһعɡ
Ҷ̤˳ڡ
վڳҶӦһһźӹȥ
Źغϡ
ڣҶ׼ĿϢѾΪ˷˽ӵϵͳؿڣ
ˣҶϲء
ҶƤû̧
ϲҶСֲңʲôϵ
ϵͳ˵Ǽľԭɫʱױϲԭɫ˿ˡ
ŶҶûʲôӦǿҶСҲǱ⡣
ϵͳ
ҶȴͻȻۣ⣬׻жϵͳΪ磿
ϵͳǣһЩ
Ҷô̯ˣ
һϵͳһС
ϵͳίͰ͵˻ȥ

ݳҶ̬ߣټҶҲǰ뷨ûö೤ʱ䣬Ҷص˹
ֻеڹĹ⣬ҶҲǰͣ
ҶҶڹš
ԵĻֹؿֻ׷׹ȥ
е㲻Ծ
Ҷɢģϵͳʵξǰ󣬹зʲô𣿡
ϵͳٵؼݿ⣬ȷطϣûУζǱһʴġ
Ҷһͬ
ϵͳ֪ˣɻ󣺡ѹʲô
Ҷ̾
ܸоƫôһ㡣
ϵͳ
Ƭ֮󣬿վ޹ǰǵӰҶٴ̾˿

ȻԤӦˡ
¡
ԥҶﻹǰȥ
ʱɫȻ԰ʼֻܼ޹ΧվŻ
ֻƺƽЩ
һûס
Ҷﱾܵؽʶɨһ顣
ֻţԸϵͳЩ˵ϢԼ
ûߵǰȥҶһϵͳͻȻһ
Ǿ̫֮أҶﶼŵýһͣ
ô£üϵͳ
ϵͳţЩĸ¡һûĸΪͰ
Ҷﰵɡ

еƫ飬ҲôҶСְɣ
ο飬ҶСΪļӹԲС
Լ˼Ҷﲢδע⵽ĿϾشһ顢ȷȻ֮󣬱ֱɵβԷɡ
ֻٿڣȷʵƵˡ
ҲǾ㣬ȥ𣿣

Ҷգգۣʵⲻðɵ
ԥ£̽ʣ²ˣ
벻ûϵ
ɱӲ˵һʲôƵģڶҶ֮һµĻ˻ȥ
ҶɻˣǱΪ
۽£ƺĳְ಻ס˫﷭ӿϢ
Ҷһ֮󣬺ݺݵšߣΪҵ㣡
ѹü˻ơ
Ҷ
⸱ݺݵģϷ
ޣɵӲš
ţҶϻǿһˡҺÿġı顣
ϵͳСˣϲô˵Ӧñֵټһ
Ҷĥأ
ϵͳܡȻȥ
Ҷ
Ǹ޸֮趨˵㸺𣿡
ϵͳߣ˵ģȻԼ𰡡
Ҷ
ˣҶСɲǸ趨
ǵһݳݷѡ
Ҷţȴûٺ
ߵǰûתһҧһ壬Ⱦߡرȥ

£ϲ㣬ԿΪ顣ҪģҶᾡΪõ

һƬϢİš
ӸһȥҶ͸оεĶȻֻ͡һֱ˵껰ôãԷûƿķӦ
޵Ҫñȥһ̵úɣ
Ҷĸеޱͬ顣


35 
νԭ, ñֱ߬ȭָ𡭡Ծһδ
ԼŮҪ, ҶᾡΪõ
Ϥ
, ֪ٱǾ仰
Ǿ伸һģһġ
ҪģҶõ
ǸŮ˷˵
Լôشģ
˵ԼҪûбģֻҪǸŮԼ߶ѡ
ױԼԡ
ֱʱŮ˴ҲΪʲô֪ʲôǵá
޹˼ɵͬһ仰ƭô
һ֪ɵһͺе鶼ֻһһһľ桢Ӧ֪ϤҲǵá
˴ʱΪĳΪ֪Ŀ, ŮһλصԼ, ȴǴûʶ
ĺ֪, Ů˵Լʲô
㵱桭ϲң
ãѾɫƳŵߵƶɬ
Ҷ˼롣
κδʱﻢ£Ŀڶܡ
ҶֻӦһ
ǰ
á
۹βڿлֽ̧ǰԼСһȦŮ˻
΢ֱϸʩ
˵, һֶҪ

ҶϹ˳áСˡ, ȴ̲סпࣺ
ôһ˰ˣһ𣿡
ϵͳһɵҪ
, Ҫʱп㡣
Ҷ
ҶﻹǱˡ𡱡
һΰħ۱¸ȥ޹齡
ǣȻϸ¿ˮս, ɣ¸Ƕʮˡ
ΪΨһһƭּ֤ߵϵͳ
*
һ׼׵Ҷẓ̇һͬ뿪ħǡ
ֱǼҶŸоʶɨӴӳȥ
֪ξѾᷢʲôıˣҶ
ĵһ·ϵͳҲ̸Ϣ
ˣ
Ҷ
ǵģˡϵͳʣǷ񼴿ȡ
Ҷʲô𣿡
ǰΪϣһС硣
ǶڴҶ֮Ҳһ͡
⸱ʱǳ徳۷ΪһС磬Ǿֱӽ̬
ԭҶСûɵ顣
ȡ
ֻ˵֮Ҷֶ˸ʣܰ˵ʶ̽𣿡һ
ϵͳشúԥȻܡ
Ҷ
˵ףⱾֻһӶ԰ɣ
ϵͳίҲܸı˵ġ
Ҷͷ
аɣȡ¡ҶСҲһ˺ܾˣҾ˵Եɺľͻơ
õġϵͳȷ죬ֵӦһ
࣡һ֮Ҷ̾͸оԼʶɲ鷶ΧѸһء
ǰһ붼û
ڣĿϢ񴶼ۡ
βס̽ѯ˫
Ҷ
޲ܰϵͳϼ顪
Ҳи̰ɣ³ʮҶ˵Լ츳һ벻ټһħ½˭ƾöһ׵ģ
ϵͳŵò˵ʼװ
Ҷȴûװ˴ʱ¶ȵĿ¡
΢üոƺһ
Ҷ֪ǿƭװšǱȻء
ЦЦţΪӳ徳̬
Խβ΢ЦĻԽһҧгݵζ
ϵͳװ
׵ľζ鵹ɵģҶ츳ʵ˾̾
Ҷ
񶢵ú󱳷ҶҲ˲ϸϵͳƽˣֻ߽ܿ㣬ʵ
ҰǱߵֿ֮ʼôƺˡΪʲôҷÿζʼƤˣ
ϵͳԥ¡
ˣܸоĳͼı
Ҷɣ˼ǣң
ϵͳû˵
ʵȴǿˡ
ԺһҪҶıС
Ҷһҭ
һ̬ģȥһѾһܿ羳ģ
˿Ҷϴ΢ЦȻһᱣġ
Ϊϲң
Ҷ΢ЦԣΪϲ㡣
뵽Ҷεľ֮ǰͣ
˼ԭǰǰбûʲôʺϾסĳصѯǷڴʱٽ
ȥ
ֻʣҶԼһˡ
Ц׼пϵͳˡ
ˣµˡ
ҶԱһ룬ȷΧ״Яֻ˳
ȻĻһϢʾ

ƻ
Ҷһ㶡
ζרȥǳתĶԼܼǵһ½ڸݡ
ϾҲһС߳ˡ
ԭ빬Ҷһջס£¥ʱյĶԡ񴱾밵иѵȴһɴŮȳ֡
ŮȻħƻ
ɺϵǣΪĶԴ򶷵Ĺɴ䣬¶ƻʵݣҲϳԼľˡ
Ŀͬ˺ȥԭڴǰӵĸ飬Ǽѿ
ֻϧҶСôһۡĴš
Ҷ˾飬鼫޹

ƶ鷢չٽ˼ҲˡǧȥӼʵİʯ
춯е񡭡
ҶԼᣬٶ꣬ô

ҶͷĶƻǸɽջٿʱ⡰ջĴƣ¡
񡭡ʲôˣ


36 
ƻΪҹħʲõĵһŮ, ׿ĸ߲ԣڸ߷ľƶ˵, Ҳ޿ġ
һ뵽ƫƻЧӦ, ҶֱԤԼԺھչƨɺƴӶĿӡ
¡
һ㣬Ҷ˸æЦ˳̽ȥ
̸̽ͣ»ת
Ҫס𣿡Ҷʡ
š⵭ͷ
ûҶ˵ʲô, ת˻ȥ, ̽˼䡣Ƭ̺, 㾶ֱתߵԣŻϵŮ֡
³ɣ
ͰȻ䵭ϸƽȥǴ
Ҷ㱻ðִȥָϵǰһ룬˼һѡ
˰׵ָವһ˻ȥ

Գ۵ӹһ˿Ȼʵڵȥ̫죬ûҶƼ̧ۡ
ôˣ
ҶЦ˵һҿջӦҲԶȥǼң
ûػ, һ˲˲Ҷ
Ҷ޹ػ, գۡ
Ҷ˭˵ģ΢ơ
ҶǸܡ

Ŀ߬Ӱڵͫ¡
ʶ, ֵ̧Ҷ࣬ḧŮӵա
ͣס
Ҷ
ֿ챻һ˵ΣոУǴ
ҶΪԼֱе㲻ʱָͣȴЦ
Цŵ͵͵ơ
㻹Ǹصء
Ҷ, 񴴹֣Ȼǲ˵ܣǴԼҲǸȥסҶ㻹סһҰɣ
˵꣬ת뿪ԡ
̽ӵҶޱ顪
ԸոգǰױһѰ

񴲻ϻס꣬Ҷֻ
һӦ̴ҶȥܣѾߣҲջȥ
̷ԸҲһķˣ㽫ߵſڵҶ¥롣
ҵƹ͵СֻҴҴǵĴ磬Ҳɻ֣̿æ֪ͨӽ׼
ϾֻЩ˵װǷ֪˻жߵĵλˡ
һϵ¥ָ˸ٴλãҪ߹ȥ㷢һֱϵǴŲͣ¥ݿڡ
ɣתȥֻҶɫ΢͵ؿ¥һƫԶŴ˴İŮӡ
Ůӵϻһɫıɴ
֪ΪΣŮмϤ
ֻǱɴƺǷǼ˶ԷǸߡ
̽ݣ÷ųʶϸ飬İ·˵Ȼʧо
һ룬ûȥᣬֱҶ𣿡
ҶﱻǣЦ
׻͹ԭǿͦĳ̶˰
ȻƻĻ֮ľӦˡ
ҶﵱӦһ̧˹ȥ
һǰһ˴ߵԡ
ҵĵҺܿ㽫ƲһһȫΪܱٹȵ˼ӣͷҶĲɵ״̬
Ĭع۲˼ΣȷҶĿꡣ
׼һ飬봹ڣϿʲôϲŭ
˲θڣ
ҶǡԱջߣԿú飺ûаóԵúܡ
ֻ̧οӣźóԣ
Ҷͣ£ֱ׳ڼʰ
һ񴲻ӴĴʻ㡣
͸Ů˵Щһ
ԼǰڣǶԼȫ޼ޱƶ޿ְ
⽥ȴδ䣬ʡ
Ҷ룬ڿбȻһsȻЦߡ
˴ӽջĵһ鷴Ӧ
üͬؿҶѾˡ
ҶƲ´

һôĻŭһ¡
ڡ
ҶЦЦŮˣԶڼʡе޹ء

һγĬøá
ҶΪѾȥ˵ʱƤӵ¶һ˫硣
Ҷһ£̧ۿڶˡ
治ɫذʳҶ룬Ȼջ
Ҳϲ̫ݡ

ǿ͸ˡ
Ҷ

Ҫһֱô˵Ժƻĸ߻ôһ
ûҶͻһع񣬾һĿǽ
̫ţүվ𣿣
౳ķҶһ˲΢
ˡ
ɫŤͷȥվڶ¥¥ݿڣһֵĴɷضԱ߱ŵò̫
λȻǸճ극׼¥̫ʱﻹǣŸСкҲµض̫̫С嶼¸ͣ
֪ԭҶһϤ
ҲԽҪֻǲСĲһµһһСŰɴƻῴֱӳ
ԺǸ徳ߣƻΪڱԼΪ޵ʵԷ򶷼һֱţˣʹɴҲ䣬Ӷ˳
֮ͻᰵгˡ
һԭ飬ҶضԱ߿Ϸֱ
ৡһǶԲŮϵİɴ˺䣬毺õ¶
עⳡֵ˺һϣʼɫȻ񴶼ͫ¡
עһֱϵҶ˿
ո⺢ͻȻäʲôģûѾϳء
ҶԼǸ磬еһ˷ŵߣȲһ̧ۣڲȴôҲȥˡ

֮Ҷҭﶼ֣ϻŬصͷȥ
ʲô
˶Ƕˣ㵹ǰְ
ְ˶˼룬Ų𴽽ǡ
ҼôһλˣԲŲϽҿջģ
Ҷ

Ц㣬¡ϲһҲϲġ
Ҷ
ȵȡ
ʲôֵᷢˡ


37 
Ҷҭ˰ҵԼĻͷ, ˣҲΪ, ٲΪҪܿԲҪȥһҿջġ
Ц, ţǾ͵ˡ
Ҷǵʵ⡪
Ҷ㲻񴹴ŴߣҶ, Ҫʲô˴𣿡
Ҷ
ٿĪʲôζ, Ҳҳһذ
Ҷ˼һ, æתۿ¥ڡ
ŰµŮӿѾǶԱƵýڽڰˣۿžҪ
ŮɫѣǶԻп϶ԣմүҿôһС˶Ͷͱ벻϶аС˶ˣ͸үһȥ,
ϱΣ

ƻΪ, Ϸ
һʱ֮䣬ǵͨ, ֵʽɵؼӿٶȣȴҲش©ٳ
Ǵ۵Ի˼ıóѺĽɫ
ԭαװħ޵ƻʵ磬ʱĻıҲԶԶȲԷ
˾ƵҶü񴡣
Ȼ˴ʱ˵ǰ˷粻ͺǼ֮Ů˸ûаϵһ
ɸոϳķӦ
Ҷﻹǿѹһ, װһװߵϵͳȴըѡ
˰ȥ鶼Ҫƫϵˡ취
죬𳳡
Ҷûؿڣûʲô𣿡
ϵͳҭһȻСĻظʲôҲûš
Ҷ԰Ժԡⲻ취أ
ϵͳ
ʵϣ˵취ֻҶӦ֮ʣעڹ۲ˡ
Ҷʵڲţԭƻľ֮Լʱദ以ĺøУôܹƻڽڰ˶޷Ӧ
ȻʵǰȻҶĿⶤϣҲûҵ㲨
ﻹڸǶԲŮ˵ǻĸ޹ϸҲ˿һ
Ҷ
ǹݼƮˣۻ軨۲ٶˣ
ŲĿֻʱֲУһĪؽҶͷ
ʱ¥ⳡȻӽβĴ򶷣ʵûҶ˼ĥȥء
Ҷͣõ鵽һԣǲһ䣺
¡ҪԹ𣿡
ʼղؽ͵񴶯Զ١
һЦɫ۵˹ȥ
׻̲ס˰
Ƭ̧̺ۣϾҺΪ㰡㡣
ʮ޹
ҶϵЦݶŤһ¡
λһȣԭλ涼ĵصˡ
ԣ˼ǡ
Ůˣȣ
ϵͳʱð˳Сѹλ鲻̫
ˣһʱƽ˾

һ仰ɹҶΣԵݼ
񴣬ҧ΢ЦҴģһˡԵȡ
Ҷħ½ĶʽϤҴʱǶԣ׵ľѹƣҲҪʲôɡ
ȥƬ̹򣬸ոջڽĶѾˡ
Թ۵վԼԵһʾ⣬Է㽫ʱ׼ֵվλ˻
ӴЦؿеҶ
Ҷӽӽ﻽˸˸ӣȻЦǶȥ
ŽεС˺ܸȤؽĿ⼯йȥ
ǶɫƣڿҶ߽ʱ򣬻ǿšһֺõ
λԹ޳𣬽֮
ž
һĶѶԳһ£һԿֵҲеˡ
˭Ҳû뵽⿴ɵСƫЦ˦Ƕһ⡣
Ȼû뵽ԭСﲻǸ˼ҳСǧԼƭҲ͸ùˣڿ
ҧҧǿЦҼѸܣͷš
žž
һұһǣ൱ȳơ
ǶԵۿɼٶ
߹СЦеģ޺һģ
¸ոջλǧ·Ƿ׷Դȥֻ͵

ƣȻλСǱȶԻԡˣиǵģ
ϱһŵĶѹסðɣ
СƤŲӡ
žžž
ظ˦ȥ¥ﲻѾʼˡ
ʵǵϵĶԴʱֺģʮ׳˸ͷǲȥ
һֱЦв˵СӦˡ
ʱߵǶǰŶԷᱻžҪҧڵģЦĶá
Ҷﱧֱ۾ֱƯ۶
ʲôΪһǸˣ
ͷһתƳһԱ§ſ޵ֱСӵ̣תע䵽ϣο˼Ҹ㽲˼ҶȭͷֵҸ㶯ȭͷˣҽ
ҶЦ˿벽°˴һ
ôû㳤ôأ
ⷬ˵࣬ǶӶɳˡ
֮ǰǶʵǰĵ㺮ǰվŵСԾЦȴǽ֮ӡ
οӲˣСŻͺ̶ȣɱҪɱſϰݡ
ӲĶп಻
ô֪ˣ
ҶǵЦɫڵȥûʲôԣȻӲǮƣûΪ˹ʲô˵ķϣҽ⣬ͽ䡣
Ҷһ֣Ƕϵĸ˻
̧ߣ֮ȴͣˡ
Ҷûתű˵ĽǶȲƳһۡ
ʮһɽɽݣҶ룬ȡʳãɸСŮ̥ëκ֮ٸǮΪұҪ
˵꣬Ҷٲ飬ֱŤͷ˴ߵλá
Ǵ֮ǰ𾪸ӵѵؿͷҶﶼһ۲ᡣ
棬ǲôڴ񣬽Ҷһ
Ƭ̺ʣҶ֪˼ģ
Ҷ׼ʱţħǰλʦΪʦѧһ㲷֮
ԭˣ񴵭ҶɴݵģҪʦһģ

Ҷ͵һܵٿȻ̧ͷ񴡣
Ȼϣȴû
ͺ⼫ΪٽĻ֮԰ˡ
Ҷ׼ĵϵͳʱĲнһ߱
ƻлԮ֮

ҶתߣǱһһٵƻѾߵǰ
ƻˡ
ҶЦ£һָԼ洹װʶġǡ
ҪлĻ㻹лҼҹӰɡ


38 
Ҷ, ƻ΢㵵ؿҶ񴡣
񴲢ûкӣ̧ͷ, Ҷ
Ҷϵ΢Цһ͡
֪ǲǴ, ˡҪƢˡ֮ġУ
Ҷ
ħ½ڳ𱰵Ľ̵ʵ̫˰
ᣬƻѾ˱仯
ԥؿڣλӣǲĶ
ҶһԵĲ豭ЦеؿϷ
԰ŮǱġ
񴵽˴ʱ, Щεת, ƻӡ
֮ǰ, ƹִȣҲѡ֮£һƹĶ顣
ƻûʲôӦҶﵹǸоսĲˮζˡüɻǲԼĴʱ򣬱ϵͳ
ˣҪƻް
Ҷ
ۿŵִҪɣֵøʮ˹, Ҷæ
ԭƹﾹȻҼҹ˶, ҵˣƹ
¶Էƴ, һ˵ҶͰѻûعƻˡ
ƻ㶵ؿһҶת񴣬¶ϲ
ԭӣ꣬˵ģ, ҾЩϲˡ
ҶЦеذţȴϵͳ̡
ΪɶȥǸ꣬ͳڲĹˣ
ϵͳ
Ұ仰˵ô
Ҷﲻ˵ˣⱾԼǰɡ
ϸŮʼ˵Լ飬ڴϦԡҶ̲ס۾ˡ
͵͵˸ǷȻسֱ֧򢣬ͬʱϵͳв
ƶʱôҲͣˡжʮӵģǰˡ
ϵͳȵӦ¡
ƻĻʱһΡ⡱ƳʱͼҶʱʱһԴ³ŻȥĶ
һĻԭЩԹ̲ס𴽽
ԭ漸вȥĻⱻӹֻȴѹõƶ͡
³ʲôƵġ
ֱĳһ˲ĵƻŵƳڶĳԴһ㣬ֱֱ档
֮ȻͣסʶסҶ򢡣
ʲôģˡ
񴴽˸ԵĻȡ
Թȫ̵ƻգۣЩȻؿ񴣬ֿ򢻹˯ŵĹ
֪ΪʲôͻȻһԭԼĶȴƵġʧУͲġ
*
Ҷʱ۶һƬ谵
ãȻ˼룬Ȼ΢䣬ϵͳʲôط
ϵͳ̾˿Żش˲صģڿջķ
Ҷ
˯˼켸ҹ𣿡
ǣ˯ʮԴҵʱסˡȻֱӸƻ𣬰˱¥ˡ
Ҷ
ϵͳǵġ
˵ǵƻ档
ϵͳȻеԽܣȷʵǵġ
Ҷüʧˣоƫ뾯𣿡
Ŀǰδյƫ뾯棬Էġ
ԣҶʵ˿
һΪľƫ뾯棬ЩصĶ⡰ƫ롱ʵѾΪӰˡ
ңˣһϢ
ţ
жɡΪƻһµݣͽе˽̸֮ԵľΪֹ
ҶﱾΪʮ֮˾ѾʧܣʱϵͳĻ۾΢
ôˣǼȡ
Ҷޱ飬㵱ҷͬһˤһβҪˤڶΣ
ϵͳõˣӺ󷢷š
Ҷͬʱ˸ûʲôϵͳԽľ飬ǽˣ
ǵģϵͳ䣬鲻ƫĻ
Ҷ˿
ǡڴ˼䣬֮⿿ĿۣĿˣ
ԼŵЦ⡣
ҶȻһתͷ򷿼롪
ʱʶһɨûϢǶԱ˾ĹŹʡ
ŵˣ񴿴Ӧʵ
ҶǣЦݣȷʵЩ⡣
񴿴ƺЩǸ⣬Ҷ㣬ʧ񡣡
ˡ
ǸǸģҶȻҲܼƽϡ
ЦҶ˵һ·㾡ϢҪһҲ˯ȥˡ
Ҷ

Ǹķʽôµ
ϵͳȥˣСѣˣλǸģġ
Ҷ
ֱǵЦЦģ뿪˷䣬Ҷж˼Цı飬ɵش齡
ӣҡǶҶС̬̫ˣ
ϵͳӡ
ϻּ
õˡ̬Ӻ˵أ
Ҷü͸ոգȻҵķڵԼϢǸеӵߣܴһܲȫΪɣ
ϵͳ£ûɸӵģ
Ҷ
ҶСȷʵƱ̵ߣֽ֮ԸôôĿܵ¶ж
᲻ֻƻط̫ã©أ
Ҷǳ¡
ңĶܿǰǶطƻºõģ
ϵͳѵ˼£ûС
Ҷ̾˿
һҲ֡ϸһ룬ԭǸǲ̫ˡֻԭΪⶼƭСֶΣɽҪȡҶСҲܰصΪ֮͸¶
Ĭ룬Ҷʵȷʼʱûʲô©
ϵͳ޹ʼɶǰٷ֮٣ʱҼü飬һҸİ
ðɣԼ롣Ҷýӽ䣬Ҫϵͳʶȥˡ
ϵͳûɵӦһ
ȵȣ
Ҷȴһ䣬ִӽӽóֻ᲻ᱻ򿪹
ϵͳŴ˺ü룬ȻŷӦˡ
ܡϵͳֻҽ뵽漤ܹ֮´򿪵ģҲܡ
ԽβϵͳԽȥ

ϵͳȷʵûг䵽Ҳɿ
ϵͳǰķϣҶüҲ㲢δϵͳ̬֮ȷӦ
˼˰ûҵʲôܣҶﲻ
⵽ǳʲôطء
*
ڶɽջ֮ǰҶﲢûټƻһ档
ʵЩĥ͸˼Ҷ֮һ·ϣںĽܱܡ
ֱӽϵظϵħ߾ķﻹǣҶһվĿġ
ħ߽һȵķﻹȡ
ǵòĻﻹϣһΪҪĽɫڵӵһˣҶǡ
ͬʱҲǱ䡣
ٴӿӵ֮ǰĲ˵ҶһŲɡ


39 
С˵һ֮, ҹħҲ⡣
ⱾС˵ҶǾǸ֮С
;ⶵ񴲻ͬ, Ҷǵĳɳ·˳˳ˮ걻ĸ,
˽ĳϡڳϷҶǵĸʼѣУʱͽͻСҶǴ˽ڣϤĽ̵
ûü꣬ҶǱѸٳɳ, һΪͬ, ͶҪϺüֵǰҲûȡ
, ҶǱ뿪
ħ֮ĻԻ¼ǳΪŮǵδ¡
ֵһǣŮƻమ֮ǰҲҶǵʵ֮һ
鵽Ҷؿһ񴡣
߳ǰһ룬סĿ⡣
Ϊʲôң
Ҷ΢ЦûʲôǸոտĹ䵽ˡ
̵ġ
ȻǱ̨, Ҫ˵ʲô, ͼͣ£ű̴, ׵
£ˡ
һջǰԭĻ˻ȥ
ҶЩȥһ, Ҫͬȥ𣿡
Ļóһ£ܵҪ˵Щʲôֻڹ˼ɵؿҶһ֮µͻͷȥˡ
Ҷﲢû©̵ķӦʶҡҡͷعǸһЦ˵£ҹ˯ЩȣϢһ
áûٶԣҲûʲôӦ֮ǰֻǿһ¡
Ҫˡ
ԶҶյЦ
ôȥһȷġ
ϵͳɣ˻ǻʲôԾ
ⶼûˣȻԭûᣬΪʲô㲻֪𣿡ҪȥǢħµЩ˰
Ҷ˿üۼ࣬ԭӻҲܽҶСͬȥɣ
ϵͳթһ£
ԾԲԾҶţͻȻЩ뵽֮ǰǸ
һ̣ҶֻԼļƤ৵һˡ
ӣͻȻиܾ㤵뷨
ϵͳ뽲
Ҷͫ΢˵ûпܣѾϲҶСˣ
ϵͳ
㿴ʼ֮ǰĸʵȶǸ԰ɣ
ǵˡ֪ǲܴ̫ϵͳЩ˿ˡ
Ҳ˵һĸƫƵҶСϡܾܺ㤣Ҳûпܵģ԰ɣ
ǵģϵͳ޿Ļ֮ǰһж˳ˡ
Ҷ
̫е㴭
Ҷޱذϵľ̽ͷȥڰѲӿǿƽ
һһϵͳ֮ǳõİ
ֱϵͳ̲סʣ׼ôأ
ԼֱſڴϣҶûɵķﻹǡ
ô죿ˮڿ
ϵͳĬȥ
Ҷֱʧ
ʵ֮ǰû뵽ʼһ飬˴֮ǸɵӾȻпϲԼ

ϲ㡣

㲻Ҫ£һŽġµһ̣һվڽǰġ

һźôܻأ
ԭѡ㣬ûѡһҲŻڡ

𣿡ļⰡ㡣

ҪҸĴ۵ĻһҲ֮ǰɡ

Ȼأ˫տڶγͫײԺǼЦ·Ҳһڶ
Ҷﳤ̾һ
˳˳ˮԼĸߺ͸ߣų˵Ѫ˵֮λ
ΪʲôƫһβҪڶΣ
ǸɵӰ
˵𣬽ķﻹȣиҪˣ
⼸ʮɴ˾һ̸ЦȻҶĶС
ʲôѲɻŵģ
ɻǽڵĵӣ˵Ǹմħʱ·ﻹǣμӷﻹء
ȵȣĪ˵ǡ
ڵӵһҶǣǸ겻ʮͿҪ羳һţҪμӷﻹȣ
˶һУò·˶˹ȥ
ԶſϵҶƲƲ죬ջľ
겻ʮҪ羳һˣҶҡͷ̾Ҫ֪Ϊͣŵñͷܣ
Ҷ񴲻ƽţϵͳһͺˣ񷢲ˣ
Ҷﱻһûֲǵһ㼤ʲô
ǵˣ񡭡Ծˣ
Ҷ
ʶΧһɨҶæóֻ
µϢĸΪۡ


40 
ʱ, Ҷϵͳȵԭˡ

ԭ飬ڷﻹ֮, ٻʮµݲŻе뽣ڡڵ񷢲, Ȼֱǲ־飬Ѹǰƽˡ
Ҷһǲֱľ飬̶ЩȻ
ľƶƻΪƻֿˣЩ¼;Ȼ޷ǾӦ䣿
ϵͳҲȷ, ǰɡ
оƫ뾯𣿡
ϵͳĿǰûС
Ҷ˼ؿڣĻ, ǲǿƲ⡪ƫֻڽᵼ¸߱ظŵʱ, Żᷢ棿
ۺ֮ǰ˵Ʋϳ
ҶһҼǵԭ񴡢ƻҶС˶αװݰ˽ڡûбظţô󣬿ǻټƻ
ϵͳǣûԭƻǸҪǰ£Ҫʹ뽣أ
ƻ, ڰ
Ҷﱧһ, ģ֮ǰ˸㤵Ĳ²𣿺ܿ, Ϳ֤һˡ
ϵͳ룬Ȼ
*
յʱ˻ﻹǵһҲ¥
ԺŲ豭һ, ЩЦЦֿʼˣ

֡Ī̺бԹֵضһۣնû˵ʲôѹȥ
ˣ֪ˡҵѻ
豭ϣԼˣˣǱ㰴ƻ¡һҪǵá
۱·Ը
Ҷв㡣
ڶһҶҶСΪΣ
񴴽һƣΪҼ׼˰ɡ
˵ţĿڶһӣһ£ǵļƻʹǰˡ
üĿ˼֮⡣
ЦδˣʱҲЦɫƳˣ˭Ҳܴ⡣
£֪Լͼ񴿴˳΢΢ףѹĿ⡣
۱£ҶСϾҶĺ󱲣Ҷһĸ츳ʵһ󻼡
Ȼ֪ľĿģẦҡ
û˿ԥ
ڶȴһ
˵Ǽ飬ʵ벻۱˵Ȼܱȫš˵Ĵ
۱£ǷԽҶʱ򣿵Ƚ³ɣٻҲ١
΢΢ۡ
ɡ
£Էü
ûжͱվ֮Ѷԡ
˵ֱ꣬ȥ
Ŀţ̾˿ҪͻȻһϸʶ
³һ죬Ϊħˡ
֮ʶȥڷȴ㵵۾
ħˡ¾ȻҶŮΪ𡭡
ţζƽ
*
񴱻̴ߵﻹļʱһ۱ƼǸªС̯ǰ˳ӵȺ
Ŷӵļƣ¥ƺҲеһƴ
Ϊ̶̲һʱڣܰԼһδȥ
񴲻Ц̧˹ȥ
̯ԱߵʱſҶʱİ࣬¡

ֻС֮󣬷Ÿ˹һԡֵĲᦣһʿ۵˻ԼưɫСӡ
ͬѩüϸޣϵʿ۾΢΢ûᦵĵִϵĿϣһɴʦ緶
էһۣŵòȻĻ˵ļơ
ǰմƣ񴶼ᱻԼ۾ƭȥ
ˣ۵ЦɫŨ˼֡
ûͣһֱߵ̯Աߡ
Żмɵľ룬붯ʶҲĻС
һŮ˺ģİɡ
ʦԵ棿
˷ܵر
ҶĳԣҲ
ϵʿۺӡ
˵վֱˣϵʿ˸ҾϲԽ
ˣлʦ֮ԣ
лʲôл
ϵʿڰ֣ľϿһ֣ԭŵӱ㱻ӽУҲۡ
ƯĺǽٵˮɫҲŵЦ⡣
ԵǮ˾С
һߣҶﲻ̧ۼ䣬ƳѾվԵ񴡣
ֱǸ˲ᦡ
ϵġԡīδɡ
д𣿡
ЦŲ
ҶﱻĿⶢ롣
óϣԼ׾Ӳʹֻдһë֡
ȻҶش𣬵ҲѾµ˴𰸡
ֵǰָ޳ǽڷƯ
Ҷﲻؿ
ЦҸдһš
Ҷʷд⡣
ô˵ҶﻹǴӽӽȡ˱īݸ񴡣
ֽīһͣԭŶвȴĿҲ׷¶̾Ŀ⡣
һҶǿϵͳƽ
ͬˣƾʲôмܵ㶼ģ
ϵͳ
ǣ󣬷ﻹǵļ˲е̯ӡ
һ鷨̯ӣרܳ׫дţһ̯ӡ̯ҵܵ鷨̯Ƕһλ̯д֡
̯Ӻվһ̣Ķε鷨̯Ӻꡣ

ԭΪҪͷ¶桢ݵҶСȥû뵽·һˡ
ЩųӵĿ֪ӺģħϵλߵˣƵ˰ɣ

ɫڣĵ̯
񴽫Ͻ׬ҶҶ֪Ҳϸûʲôԥˡ
Ǳϻ齵Ŀջ
·ϣĳҶؿ˾䣺
´򣬿ʲôĿĵ𣿡
񴿴룬Ȼҡҡͷޡ
š
Ҷ︹˾䣬ϵ˿
ҽȥﻹˣȻźûܼλ˵еһҶǣƼ˲ڵӡ
һĿ⣺롭
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ڿɽռӣӽȻֻЩ۵ӪҲǶҪ͵һӡӦأΪӴڵĺĹУӵĽִҲΪһ㡣
ݣ뽣ڣʡ
ҶЦ²Ǽܺ𣿡

ûش
ڵάϵű滥֪˽ļ󣬲뽣ڵ飬ϣȴˡ
²͸ĿģƺܴһһԼİ⡣
Ȼ֪ẦԼȻ޷ָҺĻԱ㿪ϲ鶼̯
ڸΪζΪʲôֵ߸һеĿɲ֮ǰǲ׼Լһĳȫ޷ľء
ϾһвͻԼٲ֮ء
ġԶֹԼһ˵ѡ
΢ڵǧ㷱֯ͷڷݣ˼Ҳƽ
⳵ﰲãҶﶼеԼǷ´һԼĸʱԼͻȻ͵ס
Ҷһ
£
̧عȴЦɫ
Ҷ㲻ǻ𣿡
˼ഥĵط
һ㣬ҴʱʲôҪʲôѾ֪ʲôֶʲô
ֻҪóǱ㲻ܵҸģ𣿡


41 
ҶԼǸжС, һ仰£ǸоԼ˲ʱ֮ըȫļƤ
Ҫ˫ֱֱӡ˱ܵĺɱ, ҶܼͻԼҪ˶ˡ

Ͼͨվ, һҪһ̯ƣĿܾǱ̯ƵⷽѾԶˡ
뵽Ҷ߬»ɻֻ֣ϳЦݣֱ̽Ե¡
ʲô˼, Щ
ԾɽǯƵ˿ˡ
Ӵô, Ӧ㹻Ҷ֪ġȫ˰ɣ
Ҷͫ΢΢һ
ܿ, ô֪ͨ
µĻǻ֮󣬱ԼӲ˻ȥ
Ҷڸͷɿת

һ̯飬ôϻۣҲӦֻǻɵĳ̶ȡڶͨӴԡƶ
仰˵ڽ֮ǰӦþ֪ԼӴˡ
ڽ֮ǰֻǰһΡ
˵, һֻһΡ

뵽ĳҶ͵һ׹
ϵͳǸʵ, ʱѾ챻ˡ
˵ġʼ̶Ȱٷ֮١˵ģԲǰһεļ䣿
ϵͳʱҲⳡ澳ګګ, ð춼ҶӦ
ʵ񴲢Ϊ˵Ľͣ٣ȽҶ
һ㻹ǲϳ𣿡
Ҷָ߬⡣
ʱ˿, Ϊϵͳ֮ǰԵĹΣϵѾȫľء
û֪ʲô֪˶١֪ġ
Ĭ˼֮Ҷһ
̧ۿ񴣬΢Ҫѡ𣿡
εġϤǸŮǿҸ˷Цݣܵʧһ
ʲôѡ񣿡
ȨصмλãҶЦţҲǡ˳߱ڣ
һ
ҪѡĵȻҲµõҶ˵Ŀġ
Ҷתìܵ㡣
ìܵǸ⴦תƵԵġ˵ҲҪϡվӡ
ۼżıҪɹҶЦأ֪вģҵȻѡվߡ
񴲻ضҶ˫ʱʲôʳƵġ
Ҷ΢΢飬־Щп
ǰ񴣬ǰһӴǸҳͬĵط
ʱѣ˵ĻǸѾˮ©ĳ̶ȣԼҲ֪Ϥǰ顢ȴ˲֪жáʵЩˡ
롶ҹħд겿ֵĺֺڣҶ͸ꡣ
Ŀ߬ҶΣϵҲӴ˼֡
ͷǳ嶯ĲǺͲǣȥ֪ҪĲǡ
δ䣬ͣס
̵£ջˡ
΢
֣֮ҶһۣȻתͷ

Լ֮˵ĿտҶﻺذѵǿȥ
һôã޹ĵԼŽƽϢȥ
ʶع飬̵ĥĥһһؿ˿ڣ
ϵͳٸװҾֱϵͳ壡

*
ڶһ磬ҶǶȦġ
ܴ̼еһСʧһϡ
ǰֽķչӦ񴡢ϵͳԼĴԵ⡣
ֻЩǣĿʱķӦȴƽʲôû

ҪһûۣҶﶼûԼǲ˸Ρ
յܳ˷ﻹǣҶһȥȻǿ
׼ȥδ
Ҳδ䵭ڡ
Ҷ
治ûǰע⵽ģаǰ
òᣬҶﻹʮϧǰ⸱ԼѾάϵסġޡƽļ
ЦЦҲȥμӽڼѡˣ

⻰ڸ˵㷴Ӧ
ۣһ˲˲Ҷʲôƻ𣿡
Ҷѵûƽ˵ײ񣬽͵ֻ˵ԭµѾˣʲô˼ƻҶһ¿ġ
û뵽ѾԼϳһ
ʵϾһĳĥҲѾͨһ㡣
̯ʱҶľﷴӦ۵ףȻӴҲûܲ㵽ѾЩ¡
Ȼûв㵽ҵļƻΪҪ뽣ڣ
ҶȻ㲻µ˼ƻ飬һ֪һġ
Ҷһͣ٣ۣƩ磬ǽһԱ½羳ΪҪĶ
Ҷԣһ
Ƭ̺࿪ߣԣΪҲҪȥڵģ
Ҷ
֪ΪʲôȻϵǿе㲻ȻķӦǽҶźеˡ
ûõ϶ӦûӰĺ飬Ҷ˺ҡ߱𣿡
ߵĺͫγ͸Ҷ㱼ԼǰԾһǸꡣ
û˼رܿڣ
ᡣ
һӽ۵ףȥǸ޺飬бŴЦ
ð
ҾŽ㣬һΡ

ۼ޺ĻħۣҶﻹܷӦ񴷽ŷǿࣿ
ޱת
ˣ˺͹֮Ҳˡ


42 
, Ϊһ
ڼǽڡڣһ
, ϰ,
ŷΪٱ֮Ϊ֮о֮磻ʶڵӶи֮޺ȻħΪƲ
Ҷ￴, Ҳ߶ܾҶǵԭ򡪡
Ϊһڵ, Ƿšڵӵһˡ, Ҷħ꣬ػص򡪡ȷʵԳƵһ׳ˡ
еһڣڣҲǡҹħŮƻңм
ڵ߶δнڵôϬƺϢ棬ڵԳƵڶ, ¾û˸ҳǰʮڡ
ݴ, Уÿ˵Ľӽﶼʢ˸Ƴɵ鵤ҩ㹻ǺͬĽڵӶ,
ȽڵľǵҩҲδؿĵꡣ
ԽڵֱӲսľÿڵӣһǴ졣
ҪǸպһĽڵϸҩöڵӡ
Ǿ͵úüˡ
֮, ͸һĴڡ
ڴϵ¶ҶͬУרְ
ҲϰҲϰĿֻһΪ˻øЩö
ԼĵΪģŵĵҲûһ׵ǡ

ЩˣһСĿܾҪƵµĿȥ
Ҷϸʱ䣬Ͻһεļʽ
μӼʽģЩδҲֻ΢ĩΪˡʽÿһΣɹڵĵƽնЩ񣬵ϾţܶЩŨɽµС
Щܿͨ־ĻɼڣгΪʽӵϣǲܵͨ۷壬ôֻܴظ
ֻһĿԣ֮͡
ûڵɽ£Ҷﶼû˵ġɽ˺Ŀǰ۶ϰ߷ڵӵ
ܼҲҪ˫صĳ̶ȡ
ŻԶ棬ҶѾеˡ
ƺǿҶĴͣڵļʽ죬ǲļЩȥҲ١
á
Ҷ˿
е΢ܼ־֢ͷܶľ󣬲³Ρ
ΪԷһȰڱΪ˵
Ҷ£漴ͷʾͬ⡣Ȼ㽫ʶ
Ƭ̺󣬳ڱҶϵħΪջʶͬʱʵ
㿴⣿
Ҷ£̹棺šΪԭҲйչ֡
һҵԭӦûнģ𣿡
ҶǵóʼǰڵعԼ˵Щܹ²Ҳ⡣
˵ͷš
ԭΪ˭ģ
⣬ҶɢЦ¡
£
񴣺
Ȼһ̯֮Ů˵ӸԶͺˡ
ƫƫЩӸԣϲúܡ
žҲҩɾȵĲ˰ɣ
һ˼뵽˴𰸡
ƻ𣿡
ҶͷЦЦԣ
һνӴ˸´ʻ㣬ȷʵδϵ֮ǰҶ˵Ļ΢Ҳ˼
֮ͨĵһ룬ü
ҲȢҸ߹ˡ
Ҷʵڲ۾ܲƫ⣬׼ͷͻȻһ
͵͵ϵͳԭںƻͬϸڵ·;УƻΪŮ˰ɣ
ϵͳ֮˸϶Ĵ𰸡
Ǿ͵ֲˡ
ʵڵҶ۾֪ƻʲô𣿡
񴣺֪ȢȢûϵ
ǹϵɴȥˡҶЦûΣĶŮȢת۾һ֮֮ϵĵλû˼ҪȢ˰ɣ
ҶĻ˼顣
ĮȻƻʵݵ΢漴ȥתΪһĨɫ
붼롣΢΢ơ
ʲô
Ȣƻ
мǸǱҧҵƵģŵĪĺݾ
ƺЩˣֲ࿪ۣЩ΢յħ½֪޽ħ˭Ҫˡ
Ҷ
˭Ҫǣ

ڵṷ˵ôûû𣿣
ҶװûڵĴƶԣܿɹһ֮֮ϣ㵱治ģ
תҶ۵ɫأҺͽ㻥ᶯģ
Ҷһ㶼ԥģ϶ᰡֲɵ

Լ̯ơδ֮ǰһСȱָ˱ԵŮ˸
ҧ̣׻ûס
ǰȽҶ
ЩƵĿռѾ޳ͦεһţǴĪѹ
Ҷ޹̧ͷ񴣬ֻʵʵ˵߳ŭɲǵ緶

ûʲôЦس˳ǣСڹ𣿡

Ҷ̱ޱȴ
λħ۱֮ĺʷûڶѾ˰
ⴿûƭ񴡣
ħ۱¾ûһֱߵ˲ٸһľ룬Ȼظ
ľ͸Ĺ⣬ӰҶϡ
ֱȡӰӣ󣬰ѹ˳ڵխϡ
Ҷͣ룬գۡ
Ҿ侲侲
Ҳ룬ϧеѣ񴵭һЦ
ЦȴҶƤֺˡ
ֵԼӦûȵġ
ЦôҪڵһ֮֮ϣ
Ҷ
šʲôʴʣǲҪ
ҶԼޱԩ
ȻƲˣʵڲʱԼһ
ҪҲܸ㡣
ֱ֮ţһЦֻҪһֱ߾ͺá³ɣ룬
ʱûһ֮£ֻ֮ϡңҲ¸׳Ƴ
һ٣ĴҪġ
ƵЦ˴ݳ
ţɺã

ǴͿҪǰһ룬ҶﱻǰſԻ˵عѡ
ת
ȡҾ̫á
ĶȻס
ﲻã
õĵطֱ̫Ҷ˵治ɫҵǡӰȡ֮еͬǲƻɫȣǵλȨкĻȡʽӦͨ
ȴҶѻƫ˴
ֱӴϣ㵽˵ʲô
Ҷޱƾϡ
ҾǡС
лҪ˵ҶС
񴣺ΪβУ
ҶǸˣӣֳ֮롣
񴣺.jpg


43 
ҾǡС
ƿʱ, Ҷת÷ɿ죬ֻһʵɶס
ڹ, ƻȻǲʺ, ԽԽҪ㣻ǲ磬öʮˮµݣ
ҶϷ˼飬ȻʲôҲûʣֱӹԹԵ˿һȥˡ
Ҷﶨֱ, Ѿɫƽ
еɡ
˵û, ȷʵС
ҶûĻ
͸һƢ, ܽĸ֡Ʋ硣
ǰתģѾʼѧŸڿˡ
һһ׼
Ȼ˵䣬ζؿһۡ
һȻĻʱһýϲҵġ
ñ𡭡
Ҷ˵һ룬β㱻Ȼؼĺ˹ȥ
˲Լͬ, ɽŵķ
ʼˡ
Ҷתߡ
˵ͷ¼䶼ŽУѡεӵķ, ǴϹţоѡεĵӶᱻĨǰصļ, ֻʣµصвԡ
ҶԼ㵽죬ѡεԾһδ֮գ𣿡
ҶﷴӦǵ, 츳ҪһѶȵѡΣ
񴲻ÿɷ񣺡ϰһʧ
ҶƲ´ѡȷʵǴϹѡ֮һؽС̨УӵǷʵġҪвѡεĲ˳⽣ɽµʯԽģԽǷѾȻѡμӣϾǰսڵı׼ܿľųɾŵĲߣᱻһɸȥ
Ҳֻףɫ񶼺޲
һأҲֻֻˡ˶ŵȥ֮һ죬ʵϣֻǿ˽ɽŶѡ
΢Ŀ¶⣺ΪҪС̨
ҶЦЦΪһأȥǸƺ̨֣ͽС̨
񴣺
Ҷ˵ڶؽСԾšʱҶ뵽ʲô΢΢˲
񴲢ûкҶɫ仯üڶغѰ죿
ڶ򵥵ˡ
Ҷ˵ţȴ̾˿
̨ͷһ¹֣˵˵
Ҳ뵽ʲôŹĪǵڶҪ
Ҷ̾˿ͷԣڶؾҪȥ
¹ǽڲõһ۴󣬶ְ֮һǽڵŴŴУǵĸʵģǲϸģᱻĨȻŴ¡ȥϸЩǻᱻֱӴ͵صĲԳءҲ˽ڵɽ֮ڡ
˸⡪
һغ͵ڶأǲӵǣֶһԡ
ԣҶͷҲΪʲôҪĨӼԭ͸©ȥھ˵ǵڶضȥһвԡ
Ĭ룬εؿҶ
ǶԽ˵ֻ֪۷ʱҲδظɣ
Ҷûػȴп಻

Ҫ˵سþͲƽϹŶ֪һֲĴڽСָ֢
Ҷǳ£תߡ
˾֪ģвԡϾйغ߹ͨغͶĸ֪ٿغٶȡڼ˵һصĴھֶֻ֮ԴĲհˡ
˵꣬Ҷͣ£Ƴ񴡣
츳ʣ¶һҲܹءֻעִ磬Ϲλһ̫оʯը˾С
һЦôң
Ҷֵؿʲô𣿡
û˵Ҳ˲
ˡ
Ҷﵱûתȥߣ˶ɽˣ߰ɡ
*
һʱҶ̨
ʲ˵ΪҹħҲҲڶŵġҶСȻ֮һȣҲҪʤһġ
ⲻǼѶȱ׼ѡεһأ˵Ȼڻ¡
Ϊ˱̫ͷ˻ǿٶȣڴԼϳˮƽĲ߼ġ
̨֮˶׷׻վϢ
ǲͬҶ񴣬ڽεһؿͷʱȻǾܵץʱָ
ʱ󣬵ȵһɹĲߵ̨ʯݱ㱻׹رա
ԵĽִ¼򵥽˼䣬ͰͨصĲ쵽̨ľͷ
ƺ̨֮£ŭţڵɽʯ᾿ɲ
ִ˵ԾŵĹ򣬼еĲ߶ɫɷס
׼ҶȴҲû⡣
վԱһϸտŵע⵽ŮӴȲָⶼ΢΢ض
ô£

ҶŶһϤ𣬲Ի񣬴ǿµ´Ŀ˻
һҶǼҪɢ˽ӣ񴲻ܵü
ֹȥץסҶﴹ֣ϵģ΢
ʵµúܣͲҪˣţ
ʡ
Ҷָ߬⣬Ĵʹ⻽ǡ
ЦЦûϵ
˵꣬Ҷֽת¡
վԵ񴽫Ľߵ붼üš
Ȼ֪ҶǸЭӣ׼ʲô飬ηͱҲܽȰˡ

ڴ߳ģμӼѡεĶЩûʲôһҪģߵһأĥҲҪࡣ
ʶһϣЩ˷ЩҪһЩ
û̫ʱ䣬ƺ̨ϵĲѾһ롪ȻǶѾȥˡ
ۼٱ޿ɱܣҶҧҧ±һһŲ˹ȥ
ÿһǷÿһ֣ԼǱʲôε߬øһ硣
±زһɾʱҶѾоԼҪˡ
Сʵڲң˻ȥˣȻɽ
Уִע⵽ҶĸɣֻǸεŮӣû𡣵ۿҶ⼸һһŲӣ׻̲סˡ
ÿѡζΪڶģִȻʲô
Ҷﴽ΢ҪڣһӰز嵽ִµĿ֮䡣
ҶЩȻ̧ײ񴴹顣
ߵĺĴˮ
񴴹ֱۣǣסҶָ⣬һ𣬺𣿡
Աִüɲ
δ䣬ĺɨӹ
ɫһ
ִµ£֮ĻϤ˻ȥ
ᣬתߣûҶｩ˵ʲôͻȻ֣һԾ¡


44 
ʧصһ˲, ҶĴһƬհס
Ψһӹȥ뷨ȴǡ
ԭ˵˼˿־ʱ򣬷޷гġ
͸йٷӦǱⷭӿݺݵѹǻ, عǿҪըѡҪ,
ȴȻû취ͨйһ⼸ҪϢĿֲо
ҶﻳԼҪʹȥǰһ룬Ѿ˵ǣϵͻȻӴ

ڿа˹ȥ
ǰһڡ
ůĻҶ
Ҷ˵һǰδеİȫСͺǿƮ˲֪õģͻȻһ԰ŵĵ㡣
ĸоȻ
ڡ
¡
͸ǿ΢΢, Ҷ񶼻¡
Ǵʲôʱʼϰһ˵ģ
ǡԭ, Լĸ޷ʱɣ
νѪŨˮĸĸΪ˸Եֵ𡢽, ׵շתͥİۡѵʩ֮¡
ĸ޷Ļ˸˰ɣ
ԶҪڱϼϣԶʧԶҪģԶġ
ŷ˶ʮ
ԭֱ죬֪ԼҲǿһη֡һ䡰ڡġ
ҰѴδϼϣĸ㣬ҺʧĲһĶ𣿡
մܾȻģ, Ҷ̧ͷȥԼǰˡ
֪⵽ֻ, Ѿ˵˿ڣ
ֻǲҶ￴飬ǰһٿȻɢ
֮, ܿռŤת
µĴʹ
ֹƬ̣ǰ⻪֣ͬʱ˵Ľŵ׶档
ҶһҪȥȻǯֱ˿ûзɡһûԼվ, ˻ȥ
ǣһڻǷʯڻǷԼϥǸŻͣĲУһҶɹԱнڵӻִµע⡣
λֵزԵĳɫŹֵؿۣ̲סתͷ᲻صؿһ
ҶʾԵĿع
񴻳£ʶȤɿֱ֮󣬱һ
ֻĽŵԾǲ޻һ
ҶɫԾ΢ף񴵣ǵʣûˣ

ҶſڣԤԼʱҲƣֱ͡
ҡҡͷ
ֹ˰ĹӵڶءĲǲǶָ
ֲԵĳͰǴ˺ü飬ʱԶ׼Ĳ⡣
ΨƳһһλʱл¶Ŀ⡣
˵ɲɵģλҲ񴡣
뷽ųҶͬʱͳʱЩ㵵ɫͬʱ˵ıѾתΪΨĿ⻹е㸴ӡ
ɨҶײǹעĿ
һͣ٣㲻ԼͬسŶԷ΢΢ס
ƻҲˡ
תߺҶﲻɫʶһ䡣
۶δ̧Ŷһ
Ҷﲻ֪뵽ʲôƲЦ¡
ҪܻϾľˡҵϼһֱо仰С֮Ϊֻ
Ҷ˼ЦԼˣ֪Ӧ޴󰭣ü
Ųؽ˻
ֻϧȵһεʱҾѾˡҲûÿ
Ҷһ£ŷӦ˵һ顣
ɵЦҿɲҪСڹ
񴣺
˻ȤĹֲԵĳѾ˵˹˰һУеľʯˡ
⽣ڸ֮ҲҪѡ츳Щĵӣȥķ嶥ȫоʯȽϡ
ҶˣʶĿ꣬ŵ壬Ǹ壬𣿡
ת㵽
ҶɫŹ֣õⲻֵ֣δ̤Ҳ֪ܵ⽣֪ܵģ
㲻ˣ
ûСҶǳʵ
ѵн㲻飬ЦţҸ˵ˡ
Ҷ﷭ۣûŤͷѾһĵǣҪֿˡ
񴴹ۣδ
ֱǰĲ߶ǰȥѹڡ
Ѱ磬һȥҽġ
֡ﶷĻ羳⽣ˡΪôɣȥķȥķ壿
Ҳͣа취
˵ʲôѾ༸һߵоʯĺ档
ֳϷԸ߾һַǰоʯ֮󣬲ͬȴһžʯڻӳ
ҶһţԱߵֵǿֻǿ˺ϸĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ֪ǲ˵츳Ϲʱڴоʯը˵Ĵ˵
ȻʱȥעǿžʯģҲֻҶˡ
ˡǽڵִºʽǣЩߡĿת龪㵵ҶֵǿŹ⻪ҫ޷ֱӵоʯ
ҶԶʽૣ⼴ǸǼλܳʦʦ㣬ӦҲûаɡ
װ˺þõϵͳҲ̲סըˣҶС죺ˡõ͵Щģݣ̫˹עɲǺ¡
Ҷ΢ЦĮΪҲ͵㣿Ϊ˭ܸվԱ߿λƵĽָô֡츳շ磿

ϵͳûԾָĬ
ֳҲòᣬʶɨҶﾭںȫΪһӣƳֵµǿžʯ
̾
ϧ˰
һ츳׿ϧûںʵøԼһԵǼãȻ츳͡ʵûʲôϣ̫á
󣬲ϵأҶֱ𱻷ֵ⽣Ĳõ塣
Ҷ֮һ˴ͷġƻ
ԲѷɫҶﾧʯȵĲԽƻҲ˾̾Ŀȥ塣
Ȼٵ֪Щ˴˵ϸҲΪǻ˽⣬ҲԼͬѡ˳Ĭ
Եӷû죬ִϢ
ڵӵһҶǣˡ


45 
Ҷǹ, ҶͨԽ壬Ѿµʱˡ
, ļӶֻϤڹͻӦ׶, κϰ
ֻ½ӡҶƻΪвʱľޱֶ塣
ȻΪҹħŮŮ䣬˿ٵԭܻҪҲμò
ڵӱжŮ, òڵĸֲŮӽΪ, ͻȻôλ,
òٻûеµʽӶ̲סͷӼӾ۾ӵķ⡰·
ΪˣҶûٱϵͳȤķͷ
Ǹսڻ
һϵͳ˵ʱҶޱض˻ȥѵûע⵽ͬˮ뺣Ѷ
ҶԽԽ죬ϵͳҲѧһ, ʱ桪
, ԭҲǵ͵½,
ݸҶΪġҲ˵ûڻҲܵʲôӰ찡
ҶװûԼ䲻ķ﷭淢ڹ档
ֱﱡһСٴηͷ, Ҷһӣվ˸
ʱ㣬£ѾҵҪĶ˰ɣ
ǣϵͳӦţ羳ʲô򵥵飬˿ܻǻкܳһʱ޷
Ҷ̾˿߳ᣬҪΪ治ýڹȥǶȥֱҪ˱
ϵͳݿһſڵˣ⽣ڸڵǶһطͦ˼
ŶʲôطҶʵ
׼Сϵͳ˵ֻм˽½ף𽥷չɹģӶὫԼʱõһЩ챦ЩϡŹֵȥǶס
Ҷ۾΢ȷʵе˼
ϵͳ˵ҪȥĻٻǰΪ¶һֻ֡Ҳð
һ˵ͻȻ⡾ƻ͡뽣ڡĽҶûɣ
ǵģˣҪȡ𣿡
ѪڣҲҵʵΪǱֱȡˡ
õģˡ
ϵͳ£һȡ֮ͬĸоΣҶоԼʶһ˷Χԭ
ΪҲӡ򡿽ȡ̬ڣС磬ﵽ̬ڡ
оҶЦеػȣҾ̬۷壬ֱӴﵽ޾ǿɾǺڴ󾳽ϳƽ˰
ϵͳ̴ƣΪ˿δҲС硪οɺпѾ羳ˡ
Ҷ
֪ʲôĴ𣿡
ϵͳ޹
Ҷĥºɨ˵Ĵˡ
ϵͳ
ʵõķ롪һ޵ǽпֹܲһСأ
Ҷ˼룬ҡͷ
˰ɡԽԽӣһġ

*
ʱĵӽ׼һ磬̯ӡ
ŻԼλ̯´һ飬˰ú˴ӽӽóΣվߵԡ
λʦֿЩ֪λ¸ͽ
֮ǰǶڱݣװҶڵشӸȵվһ
ʦֻֿǽһͨͨļӶѡ
ŶԭʦܰŻЦŵžͽ塪ֻǼӣʦҲǫˡ
ûҶӲ磬˻ͷһšĿҲ䵽ҶŻûüƷϡ
ʦ׼ʲôأ
ҶЦЦŲæڽӽ﷭˷ҵһŲᦡ
һ̣⻪һī֭ػŸԡֵĲᦾͳС

Żһ
ո֮ȤʣΪδı˾ȻЯŽӽ䡪ҴδСԲСƷ
Ϊ˶λ±չضʦ֣û뵽ȴֻǸӡ
һһȥĸв𣬾͸Ųˡ

һͨļӣôĽӽ䣬ҾͶ˿Ϊ⡭
ŻϳһõЦݡ
λʦѵҪ⽻׼ԣ
СʦֲܳҪ̲סЦˡ
Ҷ˿ûԷԼĳЦڹﲻʦ֣
⵹ûУֻҽڵд˵ġ־֪Ʋ֮ˣЩֵӣƺȥˡ
ŻЦţĵװ
οһͨӣĶĵĽ׼ϸΪԶʤųԣ

ҶｫǱ̨÷ҲգŻЦЦ
ʦڽڴ˼ˣ
Żһ㶣ࡣ
ҶЩ궼ûԵģ
ûСŻɫһǿЦҡҡͷȱټʶˡ
ûû¡
ҶȵŻļ磬ЦеأҰŻʦǼʶˡ
㡭
ŻĻһ㶣ӦҪգֻǷǰһ룬ͻȻν¡
ô֪ҽʲôģ
ǵողûҽܹ
ҶʱѾˡŻ⣬̧ͷذϡһİ
ϸƯĴаָ޷ƮĲϵīһָ
ô֣ʦֶû尡
ģôϹأ
̫ԵǱ̨ʽŻɫһһףȴΪҶͻȻͿ͸ǳĲ£һʱԡ
ֹ˻֮Ҷ˻ûԼ̯λȥﲻͷ
ߣʦֻ£
Ѿվԭؾ˻ŻʱҲ̲סˡ
ǰʦĻԣ
ʦָոѵǾˣҶ¼硣
֮⣬ʦܻʲô

Ҷû˵Цһ˫Ưһۡ
Ȼذֻ˳̧ϣиƵĴָʳָһ
ŻȴǴؿǰλСʦܡ
ûʱ߽һŷλСʦܳá濡
Ҷ˰ûȵŻӦһ̧ͷȴԷѾԼֱۡ
Ҷ
ȣŻʦ֣
СʦһȽлǣŻȻ񣬲ʵʦܸո˵ʲô߲ڵƵԴ
Ҷεջ֡
кܶࡪֻҪʦ۸񡣡
Ҫʲô۸񣿡
Ҷﱾ뿪Ҫʲôֻǻڵǰһ룬ɫһתЦŻʦֽڶˣӦӽ׼ˣ˲ҲвϢɣ
⻰ŻתҶһۡ
ʦԭͼС
ҶЦЦ޺ƽףͯۡ

û֪ҶڽڵĵһԣΪŻʲôǷ׼ˡ
ֻ֪磬⼯һ硰С㡱žͲ֪ش壻һºŻڷͬֱȡ˹ڡ
ź֮ҶĿѾɣṵ̂˳˹ء
ÿֻԣ⡣
һ鲻ǣÿնרڼжλصꡣ

ͽݻͼѰңҲͺܿȷλֻݣδĿʾˡ
ֱһ磬ҶԼķ˳ų˸
ţһ⧲
û뵽ԭ｣ڵġС㡯Ȼһλò绨ʦã


46 
û뵽, ԭ｣ڵġС㡯Ȼһλò绨ʦã
ͻȻ׵ڶ𣬰Ҷһ
ο⼸ȥǰС̽, Էй¶, ôҲû뵽Ǳˡ
ѵǵײ֮ĴԣѾŸ߲㳤ϵעˣ
ҶԲ˺ͷԼ²⡣
ſ˷ᣬϴŵҲǽڵӵķΡ
ֻ
ҶĿ䵽ڵĽϡ
ȻǸ洫
Ѿʶ, ҶҲϷ, ЦеسŶԷһ񣺡λʦǡ
΢, ⡪
治ʶң
Ǹ桱ֱ޵ҧ˼֡
Ҷ΢ü
ǰ˵ܶһһμ˵ֻģҪôǼ䲻ҪҪôȴ֪ȸߵˡ
˾ֹлǸƤģӦòǰߡڵ洫ӱָмֶЩչصġϡǰԾġ
Ҷ΢, ĪҶʦ֣
Ц, ʦȷʵǲʶҰ
𰸣ҶﲻɫһҾ
Ȼֱ, ֪ʦˣкμ̣
ֲֻᡰС㡱飬ȨոԼû
Ҷƺ⣬Ц, Ȼŵʦλʼߵļӡ˼ҷԸרλʦͬȥϰ
˵ţҶǵʶҶһɨ
ڲ£ʦþȻԽͨڣȻǸŰ
Ҷ﷢飬ȴֺԡ
ȻЦЦʦֹˡʦǰԳţ
ҶûٸҶǫãʦûʲôҪʰȥµĵӷɣ
Ҷ˵ͷǻƻ
ʦµһλʦܸҶʦòصġ
Ҷ
ǲĵģҶôһ˵ͺܵ˺
߳ȥ֮Ҷ￪̽ʵֻʦϰ
ǰҶͷҲδء
ţȷʵˡ
Ҷ
Ц֪Ϊأ
ҶʦóţܶһЩԼ׵鲢˽⡣ÿڵļǣǷֵпнɵʽ£ֿϰġλʦʳڣʦͽ˼Ҳ޿ܣֻϾΪ㣬ֻҺһλʦǸϰһʱ䣬㡣
Ҷګګ
Ϊŵķ
Ե׶ôذ
ҶԸţǰҶزͣס
ȻתЦЦҶ
˵ʦֻǶϰ£Ļǡ
ԽԽβҶﶶ¡
ҡͷܵʦֽϰǵ˿顣
ҶЦЦԼδ˵ĻҲûʲô취㻹ǵüϰȻ⣬Ǿٺòˡ
Ҷ
ӣǲǱһѣ
ǵģˡ

˻СЩΪξҲȫԭ顣ԭҶ뿪֮ǰ䵽λʽȥϰ
Ҳ֡
Ҷϲɫ̧ƳһԼǰǵ޳ӰҶݣ˵ǽϰһӣʽҲûʸġҾʦΥ֪С㡯ģ
˵˼ǣҶҲͼı
Ҷһ٣Ҳ֣
Ǳܡ
Ҷ﷭˸ۡ
²ô򵥵ġ
ԭûе飬ڷˣҲûоƫ룬ӦþǲӰߵġ˿Կġ
ţǾһһɡ

*
ҶҶǰȥµĵӷᣬһʹ˰ࡣ
żϰָ֮⣬Ҷǵʼûչֳκܱ뵽ͼıϵĶģ̬ҲһֱºͺͣٲȻһӵһˡŴʦָе׺ģ
ԭҶǶԴͬʦֵˡ۲˰඼ûʲô֮ҶҲͽ˽ġ
ǲһչؾͱСһǶԾûʲô
Ҫϵͳʼûоƫľ棬Ҷﻹõǲǳ⡭
һ磬ҶƿŴԼķ߳ʱƼվϰڵҶǡ
ҶǵΪʱȻҲѲĳ֡
ʶһɨЦſڣһû㣬ΪƺѾͨ۷ˣ
ҶЦӦ⼸ܵ־ˡ

Ļ
ʣʵ㡣
Ҷǳޡ
ҶѾˡ
λʦֶԼʦʦƺǸ֮ʵģ˼ҸԼ츳Ϊܺԥޱϵذ˿佱һ١
Ǹͦõ漼ܰ
Ҷ￮̾š
֮ǰ̸ǼѾѧˣ
ţҶ񣬡ҷʳѧꡣѾˡ
ۿ佱ˣҶϲҶǣԿ´Ҳûܸȵġ
ҶǴʱȻҲϤʦñƤӣΪذڰ֣һס
ҶûܾԸҶչʾһ
ģżȥйԵϡŹֵС֮⣬ڿҿҵϰˡ
ţ⼸Ҳʵˡ
Ҷصͷ
ʦ֣⼸ͣôûŵĲҵҶʡ
Ҷ΢⼸һЩؾػõģҲǲ߲ݡȻῪŸеӡ
Ҷһ£գգۣ˼ǡ
ûʲô˼
ҶǸֽ֣̳ʦãû˸˵л
Ҷ
Ǳ˰С֪
սһ·Ҳҽ־ϵĵӶġȻ⼸վܵ־ѧһ
Ҷʲô


Ҷ齩˺üŷӦǡ֡ɡ
̵һʳָָա
ҶѸתΪɷ׵ɫҶЩΣ֪Ըߴη壬߶߿ǳ£ҲҪıֶΡ
Ҷȴ˼һ֪ͣҿָߣ
Ҷͣ¡
ʦڲʱ㱻ڶ˵飬Ӽʹˡ


47 
ʦڲʱ㱻ڶ˵, Ӽʹˡ

Ҷ⻰Ҷɻ£Ҳûٶ롣
֪ԼƻڶӼصն, ʲô, ҲΪ֡
ֻǶ
Ҷһʹļ׵ʦ֣ϸ˼һ£֮ǰѧķʵϸڲδ, Ӧڼϰ, ̰ǡǵҵ־֮ѧɡ
ҶȴϵӦ, ʱǲٽ־˰ɣ
Ҷô᣿
Ϊɶⶼܲµ
ҶûĻ, Ŀתؿһ
ֱҶɫе㲻, Ҷǲ̾
治ѧҲھ, η߿յĲ֢ǿͨϰﵽĿĵġ
Ҷҡͷ治ż, ʦ, Ժ˵ɡ
Ժɱû㡣
⻰˵ҶЩ⣬׼, Ҷֵ
Ҳڵһʲô鷳
Ҷ˼Ǳ˿
鷳ȷʵô
Ҷ̧ͷ̫ĸ߶ȣʱ, һӦÿ쵽ˡ
Ҷüһ壬Ҫ׷, ԶԶشЦ
Ҷʦãտɰã

Ҷʼ磬ӭҶѯʵĿ⣬һ̯˸ͣһˡ
ûö೤ʱ䣬֮ǰѾ˷ǰּСϰԡ
ĿȼЦеҶͷһϲ

Ϊ߾λСʦúü죬⻹ǵһμԷ¶ôЦ
ֻһ̣˾ϲˡ
ҶҶҶʦ֣
һҶԲԶվŵˣ
˼ŷӦһҾȥ춼ûֱ
ԱߵҶƵɫŹ֣ϵͳСֹ
ԭ裬ҶǲǳĺƢʦô⡮ţƤǡҶǣ˹Ƶģ
ϵͳҲɻ󣺡ǰѵҶ̫ѰûôԵʣ
ҶﲻÿɷųҾصƳһбǰҶǡ
Ȼ򿴲Ҷǵ飬֪ôأҶֱҶǴʱͱ鶼̫
ǿţƤǣﲻ֪ճ˵ļƣôҲǸΪԷ̫ų⸱ģġ
ҶӡﱾǸصĴڰ
ʱҶҲˡͬҶϤºͣǴ˱Ƶ⡪
λ£ѰҶΪ£
ǳƣѰҶʦǡΪ
˶βȴôҲ˵ȥˡ
˵ģҶﴽһƲ
Ƭ̣ǰȥҶǷ֮ǰЦеؿ˿ڣҶʦֲضŭλʦӦ·ߴ˵طγײʦֱȻ᳤ԣӦò·ˡ
˵Ҷﻰ˼룬Ȼһ˫һһŵơ
λʦ֣˵Ŀɶԣ
ԣԶԶԣ·ˡ·ˡײҶʦ֣´ξԲˣҶʦˡ
ƴʱҲ˲ñģæ˳Ҷġ̨ס
ҶǶĴ𰸣ȥҶǡ
ƹȥδע⣬ʱײ˫
ڵǽſ̹ǵ⡣
Ҷ©һģع¡
ӣƼ𣿡
ˣھţųȫǺ
ԭаʾҶǻ𣿡
ûеģˡ
ǰԭ飬ʱʲôȥˣ
Ӧǽؾƺ׼ʲôϡȡ˲ټΪϡеƻΡҲǺʱؾΪȼ̫ߣƻûܽ롣
ҶƲ죺ѹƻһ¶ܡ
˼ȻƣΪҪ飿
ֻǲǷҶѡҳֽѵƣɾ벻Ƿˡ
ϵͳȵӦˣǡ
ҶϵͳֹʱҶǰҶĻѾſҪƵ뿪ˡ
עתصҶϡ
˵ĵڶ鷳ʲô
Ҷû뵽˻ǵ磬̧ͷЦеġ
ҶʦָƻӦͦİɣ
Ҷһ㶣̶ɫЩڡ
Һƻֻɼ棬˵ϼ䡣

һٴƫԭ飬ҶĬĬذѽ͵ůƻƺʦ¼ĽճҴʦֵ١
Ҷ㵽ֹ
ҶҲѾ˼
ţ΢һᴦġ
Ҷ
ͻȻԼҲ˵ڵġ
ΪҶǴʱķӦҪƻƵġ
*
Ҷϵ׼еʱѾˡ
̯λѾվˡǰ಻ٸպΧһֵġ
Ҷ֪ڵ˽źõ˳򣬶ÿεҪ۶ǸҪݣ˭ǰ˭ں󣬶˵ûϵ
ֻȴѵס
Żʦ֣
ҶЦŵԼȥŻ㻹Ҫ飿
Ż˺һˣʱڼҶ٣ɿЦ
ʦι֪ôѵȣҵһȶ㼸Եġ
Ҳ٣ҶպҽŻʦǶϢء
˵ţҶһɨˣŻʦһԣλɣ
͵г״£ĸȻҲ˵
û⣬С㰲ţҵȾ顣
ҶŻǰ£ӽӽóСģĶһ顣
һεӽ˺һ£ס
ŻǽСŴͣĪǾܸʶ̽Ľʯ
ҶŻʦֲڵİͨʯǰոһλʦԻģͦ档
Ż
ʯδõĶ˶Էˡͦ桱࡭
ʦҪʲô˵ɣ
Ŷԡ
ŻæԼҪĶ֪Ҷ
趯ʶ̽飬ʦֲɣ
Ż֪ҶԵĹأæҡͷȻ⡣
ҶųʶԼ̽飬عŻƽ֮󣬱𰸡
Ż˴㣬ϲЦտСʦҪʲôϢ
ҶЦɫ΢
Ҷʦһ¹ڵӰɣ
Żһ롣
ܻ۵׻˹ȥ
Ҷ΢ݣֻһŻʦֹȻ֪Щʲôģ
Ż̾˿
Сʦ֪ܵʲôֱ˵ɡ
Ҷ֮ǰҶʦԸºͣ׽ֻǽռҶʦֺһλʦ棬ƺλʦֶµúܣֲʲôԨԴӡΪأ
ʦ֪
Ż̾һҶʦԭȷʵºͣԴȥյħ֮˶˺ü֡Ҽʱ׽úܣɲҷ
ûҶʣŻֲȻҲ⡣Ͼħյ꣬мɱ¾仯ǼΪģҴԶǴԣҲֻЦЦȥˡֱҶʦִӺɽؾ
ɽؾҶʣȥǸħɽĺɽؾ
ԡҶʦǽȥѰƷʯģڼعȵʱħµ

ҶͫһΪĸ
ǰŻδɫػ˵ͬȥʦ˵һʮˡһʬǶûѪģعȶ㱻Ⱦ˺İ

Ҷָ֣߬׿۽Ķδ
ʮǰħѪϴħǵЩ


48 
һֱʣµԼĵӷ, ҶﶼЩ겻ᡣ
Ƿӵĸ˼֯ţ͵̫Ѩһһۡ
̼ǵԼڽڵŲϻʹһΣ֪ҪĶ
ʱܶδ, ҶҲûϸ롣
Ƿﻹǵķﻹ, ûȥعҶǡҪħͬһʱ䵽ͬһطǸɺ
ԭﰵʾģڷﻹ£ϵħǱ£Ҳȫ뵽Ҷϡ
ϾΪⱾĶ, Ҷһʼ͸һ, šһšųҶֱӽ綨Ϊƥе䡪ȫû߼츳Ƭȴˣڳϴš
⿴ֱһƺõġǱݵ·
Ǹڽڳ˵º͵ĽڴʦҶǡĻ£
ҶﶼеëȻ
, 񷢲
ϵͳڴʱ˻, ҶԵ˼
ҶﷴӦܵü
ʲô񣿡
Ѿһûӵ, ʱͻȻ, е㲻
ϵͳ, ȡ
Ҷһ١
Լǵԭ, 񴡢ƻҶСûвμ𣿡ûҶСϷݵڣΪʲôҵ񣿡
⡢񡭡
ϵͳ֧
ֱ˵
ϵͳΣ, ߾б仯ˡ

֮ǰľԾҶšüʣʲô仯
µ, ҪΪģ־;һıҡͬƻ
Ҷ

ϵͳȷ, ˿
ûˡ߾ûдƫ롭
ҶﱻϵͳòᣬһƻˣܽС
ϵͳɻ󣺡ֻ־ıƻڴҲֻǸ츳ļӶѣҲûʲô״ɣ
Ҷ̾˿
ӣʱʼǺϸ𣿡
ϵͳ
ðɣ˵ƻڡҹħʲôݵλ
ϵͳԥ£Ů
ԣŮҶüģʲôʱ棬еʽͱĿ֮¡Ǳǻܵ
ϵͳһҭ
ٿʱҶߵĵе㶶ԡѵҪƻŮ𣿡
Ҷȷûоƫ뾯棿
ϵͳĵּ˼顣
ûаˡ
Ǿֻˡ
һʽ޾ƫ뾯ʾڶ߾ԷӦԱ仯е
ӦԱ仯Ʃһȫϵĸ߱仯𣿡
ϵͳԹ
Ҷû飺ҿ
˻𣿡
ҶĬ˻չüģ̧š
Ҫ

Ȼпеǲ仯ġ
ϾԼ²𣿡

ֻ仯ԽԽҶԺһָΪԤа
*
ʢ֮һ
죬СɵĵӲ룬ֱΪ־ѿҶ龳ĵ
ΪУͨͣ¼룬λŴҲʵûǸȤһﻹû뷲ĵ֮以羳Ѿʵǳ⣬ڶе߳չУȻҲֳ¶档
ԣ־ŵǲȵż
ȻʮʱڴСϢ
ȥŵļе˫֮һƻȻһʱͨ־
ڽڵʽҲδжֵȫڴֻ̣ϾƻݽģټòڣܵĹעҲͶЩ
ûϢƽ˫еһλҲͻ־ˡ
ҶԽ̵ԵʣڵӶҶĹעҪһЩ
ûö೤ʱ䣬ҶֵҲˡ
Ƶ״ڵ˼죬¼ĵҶﱾˣǵöˡ

㲻ԼԣҪԣ
׼ϣһװҶۣǰˣǸСҶŮӣ
ǰеæͷС㡯ڣӦòɣ
ҶƳһۡ
㲻ˣһ

òӦһˡ
С㣬һԡƻӻҶӵķģ
Ҷ
ǸģǸƤлл
ŤͷһŶûˣǽ쵽ɡ
Сһһ
Ҷһֱ֣ջؽӽ䣬ûǸȥĵӣͷҲصˡ
˼УϵͳﲻסЦ
Ѿȫ˽ڲٵӵŮ˰
ҶûӦ
ϵͳɻ󣺡˲ģ
ֲȱʲôÿĵġ
ϵͳ
鲻õһ춾ϵͳܼʶһ㡣
Ƭ̣ϵͳС̽Ϊʲô鷳𣿡
ԺΪʲôķǹ
ϵͳίسĬһ
˾ȷʵ仯ʵ⣬εѶҲ߰ɣ
Ҷ̾
ҶԭμȣΪ龳ǸϧΪҪĶ
ϵͳûʲôϵԡ
ҶΣٵ͸һ㣬ƻϲ˭˵˭ã
ϵͳҶǡ
ǰ˵𣿡
ϵͳ
˲˰Ѿ̬ˣ൱ߵĳҶڡƻҲųڶѡ
Ҷʵʵط˸ۡ
Ҳ֪̬һħޣĵôǰ¶ôླʵ
ϵͳҶֽϣƻȻҲݰ뽣ڣƹˤ¶ݣܰıŮôҪұ¶ˣǸʲô³
ϵͳ
а취ˣ
뵽һ
Ҷ°ͣ۵ȥǣ
˵ҰҶǡˣô


49 
Ҷƻĵӷ, ϵͳ˵һ䲻׵Ļֱ֮ӵͷߡ
ϵͳȴţ˼ǡ
žˡ
Ҷûͣӿٶȸȥƻסء
;ûҸ, ԼһС㡱ױж, Ҷģƻķ档
ʱˣҶڷСʱڻص˹ƻ
Ҷ
վԼˣƻƺǾȡ
Ҷͷ, ЦŵǰƻһֱȥǶ, ҽյУҲ˳·ݷһƻӰ
Ҷʦֵڹߵġӡ٩ԼƻֺЦ
ǻطİɣ
ҶȻӦˡ
˷, ƻһ, ˼, Ҷﲻźۼذѻȡ
ƻԼ̸־ı, Ҷϵ鶼
, 챻ҶʦֱƷˡ
ԭɢעƻһǸ, ͫױ¡
ʶ߬ߣɫؿҶ
ƫƫҶֻ˵ôһ, ûٿڣֻһԹ԰ȥˡ
ƻ¶ۼʵҶʦôˣ
Ϲˡ
Ҷ˸ָ죬¶, ǴԹؿƻ
ôƣﶼ֪Ǹպ÷ֵǶϰļӣͷ˵Ȼ־, Ҫȣͱ뱼ŵһȥǸʦߡ
ƻһʶųᡣ
ȷˣεЦſҶȻ֪λʲôΪԼںθ߶ȣڿջһǼʶ˵ġ
ˣһû湻ɲܱ˸ϳȥ
Ҷ˫һƻѵʹˣ¶ΪȻ󱻡롯ɽ

ƻҲü
һиҵء
ҶӰԹҶʦ˵ˣȻӴﵽ־󣬾ٸʦϰûõ־ĵһҪȥɽһµһһϰ
Ҷﻰһ䣬ƻɫ΢΢ˡ
Ҷǲ죬ԾǶţһ°һᱻüƤġ
ƻ΢תЩʲôɫЩÿ
ֹתעǿЦŵ־õһ㲻¶Ϊѵûգ
Ȼǲڻ£ҶƲƲ죬һλûհ
ƻǰ㣺˭

ҶﴹŵµЦɫӹ̧ۣȻ㰡ƻӡʲôΪ磬ҲǴԼġ
ĿڵһȥƻļҲѹء
Ц豭
ˣҪˮİ
Ҷﴹƻ£ƻҲÿұҶʦѹںɽûΰɣһϰһ£Ļ˵ģ
ڸв֪
ƻ˾䡣
˵ʲô
ûʲô
ƻ̧ЦЦİɣڻ㣬һҶʦֵġħצ
̫ˡƻҵľˣ

һҶﺬЦƻת˵ӷ֡
õϵͳ̲סˡ
ˣʵǡ
ţ
Ҷ΢̧ЦЦʵôģ
ϵͳԭǸ˻ȥȵػ˸´ʡ
ߡʵǸߣ
Ҷǫ顱ذڰ֣
Сҳݡ
ϵͳ
ԭΪҪҶصһЩôŵƻ
Ǿ̫ˡ
ҶЦȽһ鸡ĺôһ޳ԼİǸ۵ġвͬԡ
Ҷһ٣ԿΪֶδﵽĿĵʱ򡣡Ҿ͸ƻôһᡣ
ϵͳԭˡ
ˡ
Ҷ˸źЦ
飬ǰĵŻȵʱһˡ
*
һȣٰպֵڡ
ǰһգкƺƵĴͷзѹѹشԶ߷Ӷƾˡ
ȳƵġ
һͱѵҶޱ°롣
СŶˣͷ͸ֹסðһء
òߵڶȣʱȥֳҶﻹźǷһ˯߲ľ뵡
ֱ̬һֱȿʼ
ǰǩ̭ƣһҶģǸС
ԭһжҶҲʹˣŪˣŪӮȥС
ֱվǸСָһ£
Ǹ
˵һ룬Сعɫƺеָ֣̿˰Ҿ
²ǡ
Ҷ
˵꣬˻ת˻̨
Ҷԭ˼ֵ˯ʱɢˡ
ĪؿǵӰ
֪ʱʲôֵĸйصԷˣ
ҶϡͿؽһ
ⳡĶǸСŵĵӣ̨֮ڿòʱ룬Ӧ
Ҷ˿źǷˡ̨͡
漸
ֱҶһĵӡ
ελɴ̨ûϣظҶҾһ񡪡
Ϊȣ롣
Ҷ

ˣӶʲôë
֮ҶԹ۲˼˹ɡ

Լŵıȣû⣬һ˸˱ȣҲû⣬һҲ
ΨĵײԼʱ򣬶ƼԼСƵģ̨Ͼȸ渺һŶԼġ
ԴҶʾʮίһڵġ
Ҷ۲쵽֮⣬ŵӺͳȻҲˡ
һʱ̨£Զۿϯ⣬ߵĿⶼʼҶƶ
Ҷ˭˭ˣ
ѯʵļλǶӦֻһ¶ĿҶﶢüƤֱϴܣƴػعԼһΪôҲ벻ʲôĵط
Ҷ벻Ȼ͸ײˡ
ʲôҲС
ǵ־ĻȽе磬ֻʣӽڵʱ̨ҥѾΪҶʵϸıŮָ߶ˡ
վ̨ҶڶƻĿϧ
Ҷ
ˣֻվҶǸǸŮҲģ˼ڵĺô
ô˵ǵýС
վ̨ĵ߽΢ͷ֮󣬱ģرȶ
󣬻Ƚƻһ֮Ҷ
ȻݳЧ
ȣÿһǰʮĽֻһΪˡ
ûҥԣҶûɵ˵Ķ佱̨ߡ
佱̲ûʲôҶԼõļΪ׼һ̨¹ʾʾ̨ʱȴԼ佱סˡ
׺ӰüëͷЦҪͯ˷ӡ
ҶԸ󣿡


50 
ȻҶڼ˼ά, λϵĻ˺һ
ŵҲԶֹһˣͬڡ佱̨ϵĸŵĳϵӶзӦĿɿڴˡ
ҶŻ񣺡λЦ, ҡ
ҿûЦ˼
׺ӳϰڰ, ЦӣǳҶСϰ洫ӣΣ
, ûҶ˵ʲô, ڸ־ȵĳϿˡ
ӣ˵δҲ̫ǽڷ˰ɣҶѾǽڵĵˡ⹫Ȼڽô£
ƳĪ
׺ӵϺԾЦе, Ҳ, 㿴Ҷǽ, ֻ˸ССļ, ļڽڻֻǸһλ, ôڽأ
Ƴôӵۣ
һλҲ, ο㽣ӣмһܵ־ģ
Ƴͷ, ⻰˵úʧִ磬ԶۿϯѾнڵɫеѿˡ
󣬿Լ¶ʶĺۼ
Ҷﲻϸ, ҲµõǼλϼʶ
ìܵ㵽׻ϡ
Ҷĵ콵һֵ֮ĴȴƵĺӳϡ
ʳ, ΪͻԣҼǵҴǰδй
Ц۾г˷졣
λִһǰ·ﻹǣǶԶҶ˵Ҷʱһװ硣λִ»飬һ֪ͨ˸ڵĳϣһ׷Źȥĺۼݡ
˵ź̾˿ֻϧеʱҶѾ뽣ˡ
һԷﻹǣҶĻ벻Լڷﻹǰһ̯ӣ
мԣûλִ£ûע⵽Լƽȥˡ
ԾǶֺǺǵ˵ţҶڲ㷽츳ϲһڣȵġС㡯ӦҲҶɣ
Ҷ
ױƿҶ⧲
ֻ£ûץסѵķʱȻоȴ㵵עӴ˷ֹ
ְ֣֮֮
ҶΣ£
ϻ᲻ϴˣҵ
תߣ̨֡
£˵λҶڷﻹ֮ˣ

һ֣ҶͱҭһƵġ
Žȥ
ĿǰһյǸͽܡ
˼䣬Ѿ񡪡
سϻλҶ
Ҷ
ȻǰǰʦѣյģҪⱨӦġ
Ҷ·ŵʱȳһִ˼ִ
Ҳȥ
ƻĪҪ֡ǲȥθ
ԺȥԼ˵ˣûϵ

ҶһĿȥ
˵עҲ׷ת
ûöã⽣˫һλƻӾȻ֮ŮϢڴ
һ£˿׷ŵϱҶӸڵĸ߲ǽ˻ûעˡ
Ѱ˸ʵĻᣬҶٶԼĵӷᡣ
ƽϢ˴齱ϣҶǿ
Ƕ˰
ϵͳҲմ֮ǰĵعͬе˵ָƻɣ
šҶ˴Ҫǽûȡ塯Ҿ㲻ϵףҲñǽںߵĳڵһƤ
ԣˣˣȡ̬ܽ۷ΪҪȡ𣿡
Ҷ˼˼롣
ŰɡȻѪµ۷Щ羳ĴҲδؿóʵΪǽΪϾǿ챻Ƶ˼ˡ
õˡ
*
¼֮ҶС㡱ع⣬û¶棬ȥа̯
㲻ȥۿҲµõһÿ춼һǶ׵Ҫ֤ݡ
ʵҲȷʵҶϡ
ֻҶδ¶ΪȴǴһǶʵǡС㡱¡
ûöã׵˾ʹӽ׼иĵҶסᴦˡ
Žգ߿ʼս
ֱĳ
ĵǱϵһʣҶյķҲڴ򿪡
ĳϿżɽ
ת֮ǰȥ⣬ҲȨ桪ʢ֮룬ȷʵ޷ΪǴ˼ȥϰǲ
Ҿ޴⡣
ҶԥնķӦλ϶Ǿȣعʮؿһۡ
áģ꣬ȻתΪ洫Ҳ޿ܡ
һħڵ洫ǻ̫
Ҷ︹ţһϲԽģλϵͷ
ʱһλЦ㷿ЩСһﶼˣҲٵɧ㡪Ľˡ
ҶǷĵһ񣺡лϡ
λһߣҶʶȥΧɨһȦȻһ۵ţƤҲûˡ
ʱ˲٣ƿ˳ȥ
ΥҶ۾տơ
ͷɹȥĵֻʱһɷ羰
ˣˡ

ҶЦ˲˸ɾ
ޱرһŽεôô죿
ϵͳҪڵ˿
ϴϲ߾ȷʵӦҵڵľԭ飬ѾƫѼȥˡ
ѵϵͳĸпҶΪ⣬ͬʱϴеĲԤҲԡ
ʲô
˻Լɡ
ϵͳǸķӦ
ҶΣٴʶȷ˺󣬲Ŵӽӽóֻ
ͬεϢﻹ˸Ҫ
ƻع⣬ԼΪڵҶǶ磬ס
ҶףƻҶǣ
ҶٿݣҲֻʣ֡
Ŷ


51 
Ҷﶢֻ, 㶢˰ӡ
ȻӺϢ廹ûзκα仯ڷջֻ
ϵͳԼǲҶʱٱص, ˵Сġ
ˣû°ɣ
Ҷޱ飺뵱ֻһ
ϵͳ˰춼ûɥӦһ
߾ȷʵѾ˾˵ĳ̶ˡ
ʵǸ㲻߾Ի·
Ҷ˼룬׻ûסй
ҶǸƻҲ, ȥȰҶԶƻΪʲôҪȥȰʲôȥȰʲô˵ȥȰ
ѵüҶﶯ, ϵͳ˵ò˵
κ, Ҷ˳ƽ
ڷ϶Ϣüо, ʱʱһ²鿴֮ǰ
Ҷһΰֻջؽӽ䣬ϵͳŴŵ̽ʣ, üĿ𣿡
벻ͨ
Ҷüϵͳ֮ǰÿһǾ߻߸ߵҪƶ㡪´ϸʼϸ΢ƫ, һĴȵܿĿԡ
ϵͳĿԡָ𽥵ƻŮλ, ֱϳ𣿡
ҲҴƱ, ٴǰ˵ȷʵġ
Ҷ΢, һȫҪĶߡͺǰľ, ҪƻŮλһ
ɷƻȰҶʲôϵ
ȻǰԭֻƻҶǶ֮, п鵽ϡ
ϵͳԥ, ׼ô죿
ҶĬ, üһ, ѻ, 迩
ϵͳ԰ˡ
Ѿ뷨ˡ
ʵûС
ôɣ
Ҷ۾Ц۽΢䡣
ֻڸոշĦ۵ʱ򣬷ֻȥȰֲǽҡ˵еĲǿ̫˰
ϵͳãȻ˼ͷӦ˷
̫ˣֻҪܽ޾ʱŻ羳Ҳֻʣһ󾳽ˡܽĻʱݱ¶⣬ҲҪˣ
ȷʵڴ񵽵ʲôĿģͿЧˡҶ˵ҵҪ߾鵽ڲʲô۶ӡ
*
Ȼʵϣ񵽵׻ûҶô򵥡
Ϊ׼ҪȥҶǵʱ򣬲ŷѾһȥˡ
ָ֮ǰҶǼĺʱҶֻ̾ȥ佻׼С
ǱԼǸ̯λȥģֻڻķһ£ڵΪ׵ġС㡱Ѿԣ̯λΧҲټ֮ǰˮйͨʢˡ
и˻̯λԱߵĸλϡ
Żʦ֣
ҶЦ߹ȥ
̯ӺŻİŮʱһ²̧ͷ
ȻۿɼٶȣӶλú
ҶҶҶҶʦá
ҶﱻòᣬҶҶҶҶҶ
ôһȤŻǵͨˡ
˺һƽ֮ĽҲ
ԭﴫԵáİ
Ż죬Ҷʦþ͡С㣬Ϣʱһôء
ˣ

Żŵͷ
ܺãҶЦе˵ǰ飬ҿŻʦ򼸸Ϣɣ
Ȼû⣡ŻӦն
ҶͷͰҴһ£Ҷʦִȥħ֮󣬼ЩطΪ˺ȥԽϸԽá
ŻšüôεĻҶʦֵ飬Щ鷳Ҳ١ҶʦõҪȫ֪
ţҪ֪ȫ
ҶԥӦһȻЦô˵ҲŻʦֵİ°˲ʱ̯ӣҵ׻õóġ
ŻҲúܣûٶ˵
УʦõϢɡ
лʦˡ
Ҷվһ̵ƷʯһţǶͷŻʦַġ
Żɫһţõô࣬ʦá
Ҷȴûٸƴǽ񣬱ڽ׼е˺Χ֮ǰ뿪ˡ

ŻײǽڳİͨҶ֮󲻵£Ϣ
صкҶ߶һü
ϵͳͷɨһ飬ˣݿȶԲģǿ鼫ƷʯⶼǽϵҶǼΪϡƷ֡
Ʒʯϵ
Ҷ˼߶˼顣
֮Ժһ
ӣǲǵԭ뽣֮ǰʮһС߳ġ
ϵͳټ֮˿϶𰸡
ǵˣһؾ
ҼǵòĻǸӦǵõһѾ˵ĹŽ
ϵͳ߱񽣣˵Ѿ߲κηˣΨ߱Ҳɱֻõʱ߱ѾԵˡ
ɻ޸ܵİɣֻҪѰôϡϰˡ
ϵͳһ˵˼ǡ
Ҷ˻İݸһЦ
ⲻܽͣҶΪλҪôĽϵϡ𣿡
ô˵ĻҶǵ°
ѵ㻹ҵĽ𣿡ҶЦʵ
ʱһֻԼСȸӴ߷˽䵽Ҷͷһŵɫķֽ

ʵԶ봫Ĵ
Ҷ˼룬Ƿֽڿл˷ɻҡ
Ҷһǣ
ҵ󣬿Ҫ˰
*
ҶΪϵĽڵӵһˣÿڣСԵáǼеӭĴ
һҲ⡣
ԭ׼ֱ˵ҶһĳƣͺԥԼˡ
ɲ״Ǹʲôѡ
ֻҶǵĶȥ·ϣȴŮӲĽ
˰Ҹո˵ƻ֮ǰ׷ҲˣҶʦȥؾ͵͵ȥˡ
ͬʦ㴫˵һڵġ
ʲôҶʦƻһȥ˰ǡƻƾʲôͲǽڵˣϽڴţʲô
ǡ
첽·Ҷδͣȴ̲סü
Ҫ汻ԼԭԼħҲͱ̵̫ˡ
ʱҶϵҶǵĶ档
˸Ƨ䣬Ҷϵ˲̫ʶ
κ̫ã¶ˣǸλãҶһ̲סʯȥܹˡ
֪֮ʱȴǱϤŮѵġ
Ҷʦ֣Ҫ˾𣿡

Ҷ˯ŵʶʱѣܵһɵĹµ˶һ߶һǱߴĶ


52 
Ҷʦ, Ҫ˾𣿡
ɽںҶһƻ仰ֱԼҪһϷֱֳˡ
ܵذϢѹͣСʯڡ
ȻǱ˿˹
λʦã˵עִ硣
, λʦá
ҶֱпƲϵһضû
ѵԩҶˣ
Ǳ̸ڼ
ͬһڣʦųԸƴǡؾҿϾǾ˱֡ᣬǷǳǸʦҪȥ, ǰ֪һ, ұز¶档
Ҷǣ֪Ҷ⣬ΪһҪˡ
ʦԾڴ, ض˵
ͬѾϿǻŮͷβƽһ㲨
侲ý¡
º׽Ĵʦ֣
Ҷﰵ̾ûɵ, Ƕԡº׽ʲô⣿
ƻ߶׷ǲף˿صľܾﻹȥ
û, ҶͷųŷԶȥ
, ָһ, 첻Ǹʱ䡣Ұ״˵ҾվȰ桯ʵ̫һ٣Ǹɡ
˵üеϵͳһعȡ
Ҷĵè, ֻҶǻض
Ƭ֮, ʯŻص, Ҷ̽ʶȥСز̽һ
ȷ˺˿վ
ֻǸһƹɽڣ߾ײĳϡ

ҶԼʯϣҶνͣŲ̧ߡ
ڵմŵϤЦɫ
ˣѵ̫ãˣų֣
Ҷ𾪵ˡ

ʾǣôҲܽȫ޷ʶ̽鵽أ
һ˲䣬иʲô㤵뷨ԺһӶ
ֻʵڲץ˼ʱ
Ҷǣ𴽽ǣȻֱ̧˸
ʦЩ飬һС˯ȥˣ㲻ġʦֲɣ

Ҷһۣȴûش⣬ǷʣոʲôŲģ
Ҷﻺ޹գۡ
֪ǲĴ
Ҷ˵ո仰ʱѹĵ·һ޵ò
ֻǺܿ뷨ͱҶﰴȥ˼΢ת
ʵΪҽʦҪ˵飬պøոյйء
ҶٷŻͣ¡
ȻЦЦҲ˵
㱾˵ʲô
Ҷ΢ЦذԼ׼õ˵ǰ
֮ǰﴫʦƻ飬±ΪʦֺƻԵһԡ

Ҷһ
룬ؿʵΣ
ҶﱾΪոҶ̬ȣǶȤʱʵЩڶԷӦ
ֻǼϲòֻε飺źʦֵԵȻδ㵽ƻԵȷʵʦ
ŶҶǴǹǰһҶǰ˭Ƕ
Ҷ
һСİ˵ʤˣ
ĪΣոʲô
뼴ɵҶǿЦݣƻʶѾãƻйԨԴ֮ʦֶƻʱֹ֮ѡλԵ춨ǿȷʵʦֲ
Ҷ಻ȥˣεϵͳôôȰ桯𣿡
ϵͳӦɣ˿Ծ쳷ˡҶǱе㲻̫ԡ
ϵͳһѣҶŻع
̧ҶǣȻ˴ʱɫȻ
Ե졢
Ҷǲظһ飬ᣬȴҪĸֽһ㡣
ǰѹһ
Ҷﱾܵ˰벽
ҲǸ
ʦ£Ҿȡ
Һܺ棬˭ƻԵ춨
ҶǴĻۣ𣿡

Ҷһ¡
ѾƶҶǾ£Ҳû뵽ҶǻֱӸԼ̯ơ
ֱͷbossŵ𣿣
Ҷʧ䣬Ҷ΢̤ǰһ
ΪħΨһŮˣôŴͱŮˣ
˾Ѳ磬ҶִٷӦ˰λȴֱײ˼Ӳʯڡ
һ飬û뵽Ӧ֮ǰӰ⧲
شʹ¡
ҶŭҪӦȴؽס
ϵͳڣ
ˡλҶڿ
Ҷ

ڱըЧҶը죬Ǻ˼ҲǱĢƣ㲻ʣ
ֱǰ˵ó֮󲻵δˣǸǰ£ֹסĺһᣬɽϼǡ

Ҷڱ⶯˻
ͼȻΪ֮Ĵ֤ϵͳĻ
ܵ޾ʱѾ̤羳ˡ
Ϊľѹ£ǰרΪѧЩЦ
ֱ֮ǰҶǡ˿Ҷػɡ
ػɵĵһ룬Ҷס˲ط˫ȡ
ڶ룬̧˦ǰһ⡣
žһ
䡣
Ų֪ʱѾʵѪ۷ϤףҶҧźƯ΢Ц
㡪ǿԷҲѧرˡ
ûôһǶ˦һԣ񴽩˼֮ת˻
һƬ
ͫɫĻ档
Ҷеˡ֪ǰ˵ʵԺ˲ֵˡ
ڸոգǸˡ
ǰŮηԼģһһĦӣ˫Զ

㣬òҪҵǸʮꡢ֪С
´
ոҲֻҵѶѡ
ԭѾޱҶԣЦһʲôж¡Σաɱ˲գۣ

һ΢΢ǰʱͣס
㡪¡Σաɱ˲գ۵񴣬ġ
㣬Ƹˡ


53 
, Ƹˡ

ŶߵĻ˫ԵҶＴϻ㵭Ҳͳһ顣
ѡ˼˵û, ȷʵٰ˵ԼǸ֪ˡ
˱κ˶ĻҲκ˶̡

Ҷﲻرۣ˸Ȼת񴡣
˵ɣô£
ʲôô£
ñװɵ, û塣Ҷ۶գ, ƽȡ
Ц㲻һʾ, Ʃô˵𣿡
ʹֵ˵𣬡Ҷޱ, ҿɲţֳܷڶԼĽڳˡ
ǽ²ôģ
Ҷ
òװǾ䲻̫Ƶġ£ѹȥҶٴκһͷԹ
ǹ
֪, ҪĿ֮һǻħڶǰԭΪս׼Щ, £Щ
Ҷ۲ķӦ, ԣҶӦþħǰ֮һ
ҶｫԼҪļƻ˵ʱ۾ûգһ¡
ӦֻǸ²ؼԹߡ
Ҷ˵, ŵͷ
һġ
ҶȨû, ҶӦþʵڵġʲôʱ, 滻
Ц
ΪҶ𣿡
Ҷ΢͡
ȴûҲܣһֱͷֵѣЦ׽
ҲŲҪô

Ҷ̵ش˸
ֻϧ֪Ǳ˵ĻŵãǽƬϢƵá
룬ûʲôذѲԱԴƿ
ɱԼ˵һҶֱֱ񴣬ٰҶǣʵΪ߱񽣰ɣ

һ
֮΢㶼õʵҳԾ
Ҷһۣ
ҪǹԼڵıгԾҽȥ˿沿񾭡
ȷʵΪ߱񽣡޸ҪϡҶǵܹṩҽЩԶؾı
߱Ըģ
Ҷɫء
֪ڵʲôֻЦЦֻԷһѡϲһʧ֪ġ
Ҷü
Ѿ뷲ǸޣǶ˵ɲһʧпǹܴɡ
𣿡
һ񴴹ۣ߱񽣵ָӦþʮ֮߷׵䭹ؾ
䭹ؾ
Ϥ֣Ҷһü֮ǰϣڸڵÿǰʮߵǸ⽱
ԣΪҶǡõ˻龳ĵһ־ĵһ԰ɣ
ҶһƲЦЦ
ţǵһ׷ƻǵڶءһȥģġ
ҲӵƵᡣ
нڣҵȻġ
Ҷתƻ⣬ҽһ£Ϊʲô֮ǰһֱҰɡ
΢һ˲ұ߽㣬ǽԼܾġ
ʲôʱ飿Ҷü

ЦʱҪϰȻҪͽнӴ߽ͨ㣬ܾˡ
Ҷﷴҵʱһѹ㡪Ժɱû㡯𣿡
ôһѣҶ˵ʱ顣
ĥĥ
֪ʱ˵

ظһ޿κε顣
Ҷ˳Ҳ顣
ѹ㵱֪С㡯ң֪ҿָߵ顭һΪҶǡ˺һʱ䡣
ҵĴ´βˡ
ǵظ㡭
žһҶ˦ȥһơ֮ǰͬǰѴչǿԴһȥˡ
´ҪٸҽŽô治飬ҾͰĽʯͷ

*
䭹ؾǽڿɽʦү洫ǺķʮѪڴһСأרܳ
ſɽʦү֮ͨܣ䭹ؾҲķѾҲϡޣÿһڵӶܽ䭹ؾΪ١
߷գҶһյŵ֪ͨȥ˽䭹ؾĴʹ
̤ʱʹֻˡ
ܵ˺εǿϢҶʶһ̽˶ǻ龳Ϊ
˴ʱҲע⵽ҶĴڣһЦŵ֣ǲλʦã˵֪أ
׼һȥҶһ٣̧ۡ
Ѿһ߹
λʦã˱չãǰųءڳ˸С㡯һµ棿

ҶԽɫԽǹŹ֣ϸϸ˶Է鲻α˵ͷȷʵôˡ
һæʵǸС㡯СһԶƽڽˣ
λҪʵ
ǵȻ
ҶЦеģ
λСĲ֮񣬴¼̫࣬һʱҲ˵ꡣҼԣֻ˵Է棬޳ҡ˵ӡ
Ҷڴʹλչ̫õʦ߶߶˰Ĺ˲½
Ҷ˵ţѾĿɿڴ
˺һ˲Ӹп
Ȼű˵λС㻹Ǹ츳ߵģ洫Ӷδȡ
ԭǸȫ𣿺η

Ҷȫ̲ô˵ԱЦеصͷӦֻͣż䣺
ǡȷʵȷʵ


54 
˵λСҲ䭹ؾ, ҿɵúúá, Ҷʦ֣
ǰ˻˵һͻȻԼҶﷴӦ, æת
۹ȻǡҶǡ
˺תʦʦʾ⣬Ȼ㽫Ŀ䵽װʶԼĳϡ
Ҷʦ, 㻹վʲô
ƺһҶͬһ
˼Ϊļ֮, һૣ
ôǵáλСǽأ
ӡҲˡ
Ҷ, ھ⼸عݵĶ, Ѿȫ˸, ʱҲǶ롣
Ȼûһתˣ
λʦ֣´, Ըۿۼۡ

λˢ۵ʦĿɿڴؿҶıӰ
һֱ񴵽˴һ, ҶԾüԼĹԼҶǹϵĲ²⡣
֮, ֱһӰ̤ʱ, Ȼֹ
Ҷﱾ̧ܵȥ, űײƻԹ
˶˼, ƻֱ̧
Ҷ
ڶƺϷĿŷ
Ҷͷ۵ر߽ܿ㣬񴣺
Լ̯, Լʰ
˵꣬Ҫת߿
ֻϧһȥ, ͽԵסˡ
㲻𣿡
º, ֺŵ΢Ц
ֻϧº, ҲǺʶΡ㹻ټһ͵
Ҷ۾񴣺

ôң
ƺǿ뷨ǻ˵㡣
Ӧһֱҵģô
˷ľĿʹ㵵Ҷ
ա
ֻƱ˵ķݣʲôʱֵСһһεˣ
Ҷ˼һתü
Ҫ뷨жǰһ룬Υĵڶ𡪡
ȵˡ񷢲ˣ

ֺĹͷҶôҲǸ¡
ֻϵͳڿܵĺ桪
ֺʲô
ϵͳ಻סļˣһεһҪɰֱԾһ󾳽磡һ󾳽ֱ֮ӵ羳˰
Ҷ
ǵԼϵͳ۹߾ԣΪĻǻҲһӵġ
ʲô񣿡
ϵͳƻҶģ뿪䭹ؾʦųڡ
ʾѾ50%40%ֻҪ㣬ɡ
Ҷ
̧ͷԶѾһĻͣסƻת˫
ʱضֻƵġ

ⲻǽƻģҪ
ϵͳܵҶĴȰ⣺
ˣһʱƽ˾ܸԱ֮ˡʱϵͳ裬Ѱ㣬پû˵õ˰
Ҷҧ͸Ƶġ
һհյ֣

Ҷóϣϵͳ˵Ҳڿǵ飬ջȷʵ㹻ˡ
羳
һν֮ͿʼǣƶСʵЩᷳˡ
ܹһԾ羳Ǳϵͳ˵뿪Ļûסˡ
뵽ҶҧҧѾߵĻ˻ȥ
ԭҲһжȥ

ؿһۣתʶЦ⡪
ô𣿡
Ҷ̹ԣҰƻ鷳㡪
δ䣬һɲɿܵ
ڼͺҶﱻǰ˱
˵ڶߣȾЦ⡪
㣬Һøˡ
ҶﱻյúҲżӿˡ
΢΢֣߬Ҫٸ˵㣬ܰ𣿡
ûõģ㡣
ߵЦ˵ҲǸ֪Сˡ˵ɨ˵ĻҲü
ҶӲá
񴻹Ҫ˵ʲôֻиһ
ЩСһһһעӰ˰
εĵ٩õӶЦɿֱ˰벽˵ǰ˷粻ȵŵĳһҾ
Ӹ糤ϼ񡣡
Ӹ糤ϼ񡪡
šҶǡʦֵеӶŹҾ
ضɡ
糤ЦúƣӵΡ
һ֮ĿڡҶǡһɨƬ̲šסһ
ȻЦһڵӵһ˰Ҷ͸Ϊǳˡһȥɲ۸ʦʦð
һ⻰ڳҶ֮ĽڵӶһ˵
糤ʲô˼ǻ羳ߣôῴ͸ҶʦֵΪ
ܽ糤϶͸ΪѵҶʦѾ羳˲ɣ
ܰɣȵʱҶʦֲǻֻл龳Źȥ˶ã
Ҷʦֵ츳ɲܹóġ
ŵ糤źЦŵµġҶǡ
䭹ؾͻΪ㰲ųλá
ʦѵ
鲻
ڳλŸ߲㰲ţͨҲǸԸֻһĵӻᱻֱߪϡǾΪ硣
糤Ϻ͡ҶǡһһȻѾ֤˵Ĳ²⡣
ٵҶǡĿӸ
ˣл˵䭹ؾʱѵúǵıơΣգƼɻع
糤˵ţֱһӣʮŹεŴʮλӷ׷ȥ
ÿץסƵ˶Ӱ
Ҷסӣһ͵ԼΧ
Ƭ֮ǰͬʱ糤ֻٴ𡪡
Ŷԣ˸ȺСһͣҪǾԼиһ;͵ߵھƵ׼Ŷ~
ǰһ̻ôôһҶǰһ
Ȼξͽסˡ
ǰֻȻޣҶޱ顣
Ŷ


55 
ҪϵͳڶһͺҶžҪΪԼٴδԽˡ
ôǰһĻ绹, һͳ٪޼͹԰ˣ
ǿҶϵͳС, 䭹ؾǸƷνṹڳһڵͽн׵, ֱһֻ߽ްѿأ൱޵Ļ龳ħ޵ĳ޾, Ϊͬʵϣһֻ޴߻ûġ
Ҷ˵һֻеһֻ
ܲ, , ȷʵǡ
ҶֱӴ͵ĸж󣿡
ϵͳݲȫ, ޷жϡսʷ˵, ǵһء
Ҷ
ǰ˵ڸô죿
Ӧ, չ¶Ϊ־, ܿѪ۷仰˵, ӦѾĴ, ֻΪΪ̫, ΪһֻʱС, Իϡ
Ҷˡ
˼лߣ
ڱϾҲǳ޾ڡŶûȡ, Ƿȷȡ
ʱֵͷҶûϵͳϻ, , Ͻ졣
ϵͳӦ
û, ҶΪʹ̬ڵ˳޾ڡ
ֻΪϽӽ޾۷壬ҲֻΪǿġķٶȶһ㣬ҪߵĻֻҪȻһ˦Ī
ϵͳ֤ҶҲˡ
°ʹſǶľޣ߶ǰצλá
ϵͳ£˲ڴɽݵɣ
Ҷü⣿
ˣ˵ɽΪ߱һֲϣħ½ֻ䭹ؾﻹڡҪģԼһҲõõġϾھѾǻ羳ˡ
Ҳ˵ɽݸһеи߽ġ
Ҷ걻ѹצµĶһƷҲµĲӦþǸ߽ɽݣ
ϵͳԥ£ȷʵǣ˵Ҳϡ
䭹ؾʱƵİɣʮʱ֮зջ񶼻ᱻ뿪һ·ԣϾֻӣ·Ӧûǲڵġ֮һʧ󣬴ʧɽǾ̫źˡ
ϵͳ˼룬̲סˣ
ˣʵһ̳Ѫ治ǹ
ҶŶ
һǸݿ⣬ֻȶһȷһֻȻƽøҡ
õģˡ
һӺ
ʲô
һľϵϡֻħ򶫲ɽУܸһ˿Ļᡣ
Ҷ۾ǸɽݣԸ𣿡
ϵͳˣǲû
Ҷֱ׳ǿװаող˵һȻ׶бӲ̫ʹġ

ϵͳɣ롭ƭ
ʲôҶ΢Цֻո˰ֲ
˵ţЦе̤ǰһȴӴкҽܿʼɡ

һһŭ䭹ؾ
*
䭹ؾڳƷ߷⣬طһƬҰƽԭżڱΣܹյ˵Ҳʲô¡
ʶؾû೤ʱ䣬ʮڵеĶѾˡ
һϼƣǡҶǡҶƻûС
˶ֻܴʮʱ䭹ؾֲŸֲΪ֪Σգ֮以£˼Сһж
ȴҲǸɣ¸нû϶ԶǱ½ˡ
ҶҲʱ򣬼ʮؾĵֻʣ¡Ҷǡƻûˡ
˲ײһȥ˰ɣ
иŮСֹ˵֮ЩܻؿҶһۡ
ֻϧŵ˿עûţ˼ɵʱʱһĳ
ӣҶʵԭ˵Ӧʲôλã
ӦƷĵƽԭҲպ֧ǰ򡣡
ϵͳش֮󣬹˼Сʣ׼ȥ׽𣿡
Ҷ
ţ˵һ飿
ϵͳȵسĬ
Ҷܸоֻʶ򡣰˵Ӧܺͽ׻н޵ġǵؾûʵǿõѡ񡣡
ϵͳ˺ʧ䣬ԭҪȥ𣿡
Ȼô
߾⼸Ѿλˣϵͳ˷ܵ˵Ƕɣھ͵ɱķʱ˰
ҶģѵĿãΪʲôҪԼ֣
ϵͳĬȻҲκηɡ
֮ọ̈̄ۼ֤ҶΪΪߵ֮һȴȫʦǵıں󷽹ػˮ
ֱ
󷽣ˮĵҶһͣȻת
˼룬Ҷ̾˿ת
Ŀֱǰ龳Ǽλӡ
ûǼ½ͣ˽Ų
ȵȡ
üͣ˶顣
龳µ߽Ŀ¶ãȻ
ʦ֣Ҳˣ
һͬɫصؿ֮ǰڵˡ
ʦֵͷȻҲоǿͲǴˡ
ʦ֣ôˣ
˻ʵ
龳ĵӶۣӦдڽӽʲô޳
⻰һ˱鶼ˡ
Ҷڡ
üԭ˶һû뵽⼸龳ĽڵʶԼһأ޳жϲ
ϵͳֻˣҪһˡ
ҶûֱӿڵλͬţǾ·ɣ޳ǴӺ󷽰Χġ
⻰һ龳ĵ˵ڵģҲͬˡ
ʱҶﲻ־ΪټΪʢƵţʱⷬòΪߡĵӻͬӲˡ
ҶʦãôȷϾֻ־Ϊһ̽ǡ
ֻ顣
Ҷޱش˵ĻһƳȥǲκθ飺
Ը񣬶˵û塣λŵĻҾһ
˵ҶԥҪ̧뿪֮ǰʦںס
ʦԵȡ
֮ǰڴʹԼ죬ҶҲ͸ӵͣ
ʦмɰգ
Ҷ۶գʮɡ
ʦ΢£̶ͷãʦÿͬ򡣡
һ򵥱֮ԭĶ鵽׻ǲ֧һȥˡ
Ҷ˱䭹ؾķȥû̫߳Զһ𳹵
˺µؿһ󣬼˷׷Ҷл
ҿҶʦڣȻտɾͿˡ
ҶͬţշӦõġ
ҶЦЦ
ֻ⶯еʱλ޳ǰ
ǰ
Ҷһʹļ׵ģʵ̫ɶˡ


56 
ǰСʱ, ڶǰҶһ, ̧Զ
Ӧ֮û, ໯龳ĵҲط׷˹ȥ
Ƭ̣һһӰͳ˵
һģ, ﳬһĽڵӶ΢ؿҶ
Ҷ̾˿
ϵͳ̽鲻ã
ҶңҪͬʱʮáˡĿⶢŵĻ, Ҳõġ
ϵͳ
һһϵͳ̸, ԭ߾ͷӰѾ˶ǰ
Ҷǡһ˲֮վҶ, û𣿡
Ҷûش
ϵͳǸʣˣ
ϵͳ鿴֮һôˣ֮ǰ40%ڳ45%ˡ

ҶԣɫƳһ۲Զƻķ
Ȼ̾˿ϵͳǲ˶, һСľ͸ҷ
ϵͳ׼ô죿
Ʊ˵֣벻Ҳн졣
Ҷ԰̾, ȴʲôҲûС
̧ͷ, ΢񴡣
֮ǰǺһģ
ʵû뵽ҶͻȻѡ
ϾҶΪ, ƸƻѾܲˡ
Ҷظ֪Ϣһ˲ļ١֮Լ˫ٿȻɫĻ档
ĳ޶˷ܵ

ˣ
Ҷ
ôоҹѾԽԽ̬ķչˣ
ĿâڱǰϷȫһҪȨļƣҶֻա
һȸ·ɡɫҪ, ҸʵĵطϢ١
ֵȻź, Ҳֵػ, ׷׵ͷͬ⡣
ҲЦһ£ȻŵͷǰһɽƾӸߣѹǽϢ
ΪڵӵһˣҶǡĻʱȻȨû˸顣
Ϊ˼ӿٶȣ뵽ʲôһ·ɡ־ͺѿ㣬ļλӷֱɳҶͻ龳ļλʦܸ𡣡
Ҷ

е㲻ŵؿ񴣬Ȼײ˫ʢЦɫĺ
Ѿ˦гһɽҶʦãɣ
ǳƺҧ
Ҷҧź΢Ц
첻ҪϷˡ
ȻʱҶǡδ౲ֵ͵ľͶҶ
ԡһڽڵӵĿ⣬Ҷﻹ治˵ʲôĥߴû
ֻ̤м߶ȵķɽ
ŷȥ
ȻĶᣬһϣ⻹ǲɱض˼֡
ҶҲ͸ζ¡
񴿴ͼó֮еۡ
תҡ
վԼǰԼҶ
ʿɶֹ
Ҷʶ
ûѿֱַ̧֮Ҷ䣬š˹ȥ
ƾƣطǰŮӵĺף˰˻
ҲϲҵˡǰҲšʲôʱ㶼һ㡣

ҶоԼĶһ
ʱϵͳԴ˷ܵ
ˣѾ˵35%ˣһм˵ļأǣ˵ֱˣ
ижĸ֮䱻һɨա
нڵӵǣҶޱ飬ء
ϵͳֻòĵ
ȵĿĵأջͣ30%λãûٶ
ǸǿŮ˰
Ҷظп
ţ̧
ûʲô
ҶӽӽȡԼ߽ɽݣ㣬ĻԱá

ɽݣѵ¡
֮Ӧ̲ס࿪Ц
ԭ޳Ϊ㡣
Ҷװɵ˵ʲôء
ǰһ񴻹վԱЦţһ̣˾ظһڡ
л񰡣㡣
Цơ

ԭصҶ￰˷̽Ŀâڱ
ѾǰǼɹסȻѨȥˡ
ǵֱ̹ıӰҶŶĥĥ
л
Ǹ˰
ϵͳ˷ܣ25%ˣΡֻΡ羳͵ˣ
Ҷѹ˰·߳ŭĵױ
ϵͳֻ
ϵͳ޹ί˻ֻ
֮ǰʶɨһ״̬

Ҳϳ
ȻŮĺ밡
*
䭹ؾɽмʮȻѨ㹻ʣµĽڵһһʣࡣ
ʶסûκִѡ˸Եģɫȫ֮󣬱㶼ȥˡ
ϵͳҲҶֻ˳
ΪԲߡ
ķҶﲻ𣬵ΨԸϣɳӰ죬ⷽǸóġ
ϵͳĽ飬Ҷᡣ
ȷԣ
ϵͳϣû⣬ˡؾֻܴʮʱݼšһҧɾõ羳Ľˡ
Ҷ˼˼롣
ãҸ
ϵͳ
Ҷûٽͣתֱ߳ڵĶѨȥˡ
Ƭ֮ǰ
Ҷ֣Ȼʮ־ȵġ
ǡ
ԽҶͷѨڵɫƳһۡ
ǣʱ䡣
㡣Ҷ￪żɽ
ڤһʲôҪʱң
Ҷ˲ȥƽϳƺֱ˵ǵڴʹ߹㣬ƻ鷳ɣ
һЦ˼֡
Ȼǵá
ܺá
Ҷﱻֱ׵񶢵ЩɫڣתۣиƻӦÿһݵؽ⣬Ҫ𣿡
Ĭ˼룬۵ЦɫŨF
Ȼ
ӺһֻɵĻȸɳĶƻڵĵطȥ
ⷽѨֻʣ˵˽
ҹ顭ûаһ𡭡

١ٰһ㣿
ٰĻɾδܴﵽҪЧˡ
ƻô
˵׼

һ
ΪǷĴѹסȸԾƻһϵˡҶǡӵĶѨ档
۵׵ϲһ㽩Ӳ飬Ȼȥ

谵ҹĹ⻪£νʯųĻζӰ
ƴԵβŮ޳ĲϴֱƵǡ
Ҷ˭ҪֻҪ㡣ҪҵġҪһ˵ġ

ƻȻֹס˳£Ҳ˽ӽĴơ
֮ƻӰӶѨſڵȥ
Ϣʧĺһ룬ϵҶҲ̲סˡְѹ˵ֿ
ˡ
ҹĹ⻪βסȾ˺ϼ˫գ˴ߡ
ô
Ҷ࿪˫׵ĺӣѾˣ
ӺڳȥǵĻȴ
Ϊں߲ߣ


57 
Ҷˡ
ͻȻԼϵͳ, ͲԼŵôһѵξء

ʱͷϷ, ĳֽ, ȴط
ҶԼ侲
ļ߷ɣȫϳ齡
ʱҲͶƽ
˵˵, ֻ⡣ǷҶǷ㡪㲻ôɣ
浱Ǹɵ𣿡
ֱЦ⻪΢ڡ
ôҪȫûԼ˽Ŀģ
ҶϣȻû, ˽ס
ǡ
̴ٶƵһЦ֮, øΣˡ
˽װ
˳Ҷļϻܵһأ
Һܺ档
Ҷžһ°ס, ͵ˡ
Ҳأ
һȥѡ

ؿҶһ
ЩЩϢ֮ˮȥ
Ҷ͵͵˿
㲻õģҲǿ㡣
ѾųȥͷҲأϲҵ, 㡣
Ҷ㵵ֻ̧ۡǵӰѾʧڶѨ⣬Ļᶼû
ټһѨֻʣҶһ, ̲סûʲôؿſ
ôϲһֻСڹ
, ϲ, ȡˡ̾ܽ羳Ŷ
Ҳϲģ԰ɣ
ϵͳشԼɿϣԣܡ
ϵͳ
ŶԻ羳޷Ӧ, ôѾˡ

ڶҶʱ, ֻؾＫΪ徲
徲е֡
Ͼҹ˯ǰ, ǵԼüɽµ޳ĺХ֮
˶ѨҶͽ˸ڵһʣŹֵؿ
Ҷʦò֪ҶʦɽնͷײޣһɱǺ˶飬ǶæӴܣɢøɸɾˡ
Ҷ롣
Ҳ֪ҶʦôôĻ

ҶЦΪЩ޳˯ţ̫˰ɡ
ƶǶĥ˻¶ЦݣҶʦֵĸδؾɶдջˡⷽԲ֮ڵޱŵӴܣ챦ϡﶼûʲô޿ܣҶæȥѰˡ
Ҷ£ʵҶʦأ
׷ȥؾõʲôҹصûãֱ뿪ؾˡ
ҶͷԷл
ȻҲ˽ӽĴƣֱ֮뿪ˡ
*
壬ɽ
һɫ۵ʰϡ
ӭµĵӿݣһ㶣æһҾ
Ҷʦ֣
š
˳΢΢ף˱ȥ
һֱ뿪ãӲֱͬʱɻתͷʧķ򣬿֣ոҲǻ̶Ա߿ʦôһգֵɽȥˡ
̶֮ʯڡ
ࡢһģһԶ
¡վһź
׼׵ˣ
һʱƣƾ²ǲʱԻӱħ

΢üҪ̫󶯾
Ҷһ´ݾߣĲ𣬼ٷ屶Ҳǿ⣬βһֱӽǡ
Ҳǵħ򡣡һ䣬ûжٽ͵˼
̧ۿҶǣθ֮ս򡣡
£
ҶǴΪ̧ͷ
ڽҪԭ򡣡
˰ֹ֣ҶĻ͵һֽڽڵеӰڽ𵽵Զһ羳Ϊݸȥ𵽵Ҫöࡣ
񴻰ͣʶƺƮһ˲ܿ¾۽
Ҫ㱣֤һ˵İȫ
ҶȻҶС
ҡͷҵħ󡣡
Ҷǣ
ڷﻹԶԶһƳǵӰɵħӦ̬ڵΪɣڽڣֻҪ¶ݣΪӦԱˡ
Լ뿪ؾ֮ǰ֪ѪµҶΪһ̬ڡ
ǡ
޾ڡ
Ҷǣ
һ̬һ󾳽ֱӵ޾Ҫٸħһ꣬Ǿֱӽˣ
΢Ц˵һء
ҶΣԱµ˼Ȼħ±𣿡
Ͼڻֻǳ޾Ѿ羳ˡտҲصڱ¶ݡ
ҶΣ񣬡ּ⡣
ͷҪתߡ
ֻθšһǶȣͣ
һ¡
·Ը
Ҫʶơ


58 
䭹ؾ֮ܳһʱ, Ҷﶼûټ񴡣
ؾڷ˵Ļ, Ҷ񲻰ڿ֮ǰ, ҶҲֵ˲Ҫ档
ʱȥһ࣬Ҷڷ˲Ծĵط

ս䭹ؾ֮ǰǶʱĹ˵񴼸ÿ춼ѰڳǰδؾԺ˲û, ǿʼˡ
ԵһǣҶÿ춼ǰԵ˵Ǵʦֳֽĸĸϰ, ָĸĸһ׷ƫһζûƼ񴡣
Ӱ, ˵𣿡
ĺɽϪ, ʵĵҶϪߵԲʯϣһҨˮһϵͳԻ
ϵͳԥһ, ʵػش𣺡ˣҲ֪

ҶﱾҲûָϵͳܸʲôԵ, شҲͷŹˡ
վ, Բʯ׼뿪ʱ, ԼԼ˳Աɽ˹
ЩȻûǽڱȣôҲ˰ɣôӣϢû
ȻдڻϢҶ֪, ֵǷˡôҺ͸ڸͻȻһħ, ȻںƶԼ¶֮ǰ, ſɶ졣
ǰ, ͽ˾ź¡

˽ŲԶ, ҲҶߵȥˡ
Ҷϣԭͱȡʶɽŵķ򡪡
ĸ𣬾ȻѾʼ𣿡
ϵͳͬȣڶûг־񣬿ĸƻ˳ء֮вӦòŻɣ
Ҷüɽߣѻ졣
Ҫȥʲôأ
ʲôҡܴǶ֪ĻֻȥλͨŻʦִϢˡ
ʱ
׼һǣŻ̯λľǰһеӴˡ
Ȼǣ浽ôһ
Ż˵ħ½ϵսҶüļš񣬡ħǱߵĶС
ֹǲСŻͺһʦǲ֪ħΪĵǼħ򶼳ǿȫǣڣòɿҿλͲħ׼ǡǸħǣôͻȻ˸콵ֲ
ħǣ
ҶָһɫȻʵ
ŻδͷӦ԰ڡ
ҹƾڣӦҲл֮ˡҿ˵λ겻ʮħۣҲѾǻ羳۷Ϊ˰˹żֱ£Щ껹ʢǲķˡ
Ҷﲻ֪ΪΣһħǵϢӿһֲԤ
׼뿪жԸ˵һһɿصı⣬ֻҪһ򾡲Ŷԡ
ԱȻļƻʲô©ˡ
뵽Ҷסˡ
ȻлŻʦ֡һ⣬֪ҶʦĶ
Żͷոһͬʦ˵ڶϰҶʦˣʦԡ
Żδ䣬ҶѾһҾȻ첽뿪ˡ
ǵӰŻҡͷп
ƯƯһСҪԼɸء۷ҲҪԼ˵˭ϵó
*
Ҷ߶ϾʵΪٶȸϵ˶ϰ
ҶǡڵĵطȻҡΧ£һѽڵӵǸطȻˡ
Ҷšü˹ȥ
̵ĽڵӲλҲǸĵģһһػشЩӵ⡣
ȵҶﶼе㲻ͷʱȥѿش֣⽣ȵס
ϵͳһп꣬ҶԼһ¡
ϵͳԼǲĳɣ˼ԥſڣոҾ˵ˡԸһ۷ҪԳ֣Ǽ羳½˵˶ѪôҲôڽڰɣ

Ҷ֮ǰǵԣûǹ⡣
ʱϵͳһ˵ҲЩĿ
ǡʱǰĵѾҶǵָ㣬ϹϾǰһҾ
лҶʦָ̣ࡣ
ȥڼϰгɾ͡
ΧŵЦº͵ص˵ͷ
ǸЦݣҶ΢΢
˵ĿʱҲ
λʦܣʲôʵġ
ҶǵĻȻֹ
һ̣ʶҶһ̽
ɫһ䡣
ͬʱҶʶҲӶԷ˻
ϵͳĵĶߡ
ˣλ񴣬Ҷǡ


59 
Լ滻, һֺơ
ڽڵӵһ˵ĶڣҶޱؿվԼǰˡ
Ҷɫ, ҲΪ˵İȫ롣

Ҷüһ, ʲô
Ҷǵظһ飺¡ħ¡
Ǳµ˼˵ȸ֮սѸ£Ϊ󡣡
Ҷһ㶡
һֱΪƽ˼ǣȴû뵽, Ѿڿ֮ˡ
ҡ
ĸҶС, Լַ
Ϊ֮ƣ԰꣬ڽھȼѶ
Ҷ￰, ԳһЦ
ҪǸ帣ͺˡ
Ҷǲ, ̧ۿҶ
ҶҲ, ħǵ, Ǽƻ֮У

ἰ, Ҷɫ΢, ҲδֻĬҡҡͷ
Ȼ
Ҷ΢
Ҿ͸Ҫϻȥˡ
Ҷü
, ˡֱԣ֮Σڱ˵ħǳʲô, Ҫݱٲ֮ء
˼ǣҶֻǸ׸
Ҷûʲô
޾ȷʵԱ֮, ڸ֮ս̶࣬Ϊʲô¡
Ҷ˵һĻȻֹ
ŵ۾΢΢㵵Ҷ

֮ǰǰҶΪӳ޾ͻȻ˸⧲ֱ˻羳
ǿǶҲǵĻ֮ǰ˾Ȼգ֮ˡ
÷ǾԲΪ֮Ļָʵʵڵؽ

ðҶǶز
ŶԷǸ̽쵰ȥģҶתһ㡣
һЦܲǸ׸𣿡
Ҷǣ
Ҫǻ羳׸´žͶǷˡ
֮Ҷǳ̾˿һҾȥ
ԭΪ¾Ǿ֮ţ֪졣¼Ȼͨ챾죬ûסˡɡ
ҶЦЦ
ϲʶʱĴˣһ
ͬСҶ˵
ȻҶԥȻգգۣħ·ҿɲʶĻߴô죿

*
ҶҶΪ뿪˽ڡ
Ҷʦֵڣ˼ûʲô¡
ȳ˽ڵĵ̣ҶﲻΪ˱ӿнٶȣһ·ֱħħǵķȥ
ֻҶĿָ֢˶Ѿ¶ΪʹٶȻû
ȸϵٽħǵĵطʱѾȥˡ
ʱħ½ϣһһϢ֮䶼ƱãҲ㹻ħƱϼ顣
Ҷԭ׼ֱӸϵħǣȴҶ
ȴ̽һưɡ
һ·ԽҶĲԤоԽŨأʱ㣬û⸴֮սӦý˲Ŷԣڡ
Ҷһ˵ҶҲɫ
ΪĸǴ֮ࡪ֮һֱûж֣޷ǻǹ˼Ϊ硣
ǵ۱۷壬˵ȷʵӦٵ̫ʱ䡣
ڡ
쾡ͷԼѪɫҶ˵ͷ
ԺȥѶѯһ¡
ҶӦһ
ҶǰŸ뿪ϵͳˡ
һջǹȻǷһδźĳء
ˣˡ

Ҷ￩һ£׹ȥ
ôԺɿӹĿָⶼǰڣ⼸ȥ֮ҶﻹǿԼ³һ
ʲôˣ
仰ĹɤӾѾˡ
ϵͳ񷢲Ҫ˵˴빬ΪѰͻƣѿ۷չ񴼰һ¡˲أ񴱾Ҳˡ
ǻ߱߱񽣲Ҳն
ˣ߱ȷʵն񣬵ҲΪﵽ򡭡վǿж߱񽣣ŵˡ
ʲô
ϵͳɣһ˽߱񽣵ķַͨ⣬Ϳȫƿ߱ˡ
Ҷָ׿۽ģҲֻĴʹǿάϵѡʲô
ϵͳһȴĬ
˵
Ҷŭ
ϵͳԾɳɣҶӽֻĻҲĶĻϷɿӡ
ĬֽãϵͳŽһ񻺻

֮Ҷ߬֡
΢ŽεգŪصЦ
ߴʤ𡭡֣õС



60 
Ҷûö೤ʱ͸˻ʱλº׽ƵĽڴʦɫ, ҲҶдһϣ˸ɾ
һмȶ֮
˵ˣҶҪڵҶ, Ҹողһ, Ѿ֪ˡĶ
ҶΪĸڴʱ˵˵ŵ㲻ܲҶһ㡣
ҶҲûй
Ŀ⸴ӵؿҶһۣȻǶ֮ǰ˵Ե뷨ҶǻǰЩ˻ȥ
ɡ

ҶҶǳ˳, ֱԶɽ
Ƚ֮߹հһ, ˲ڵִĿĵء

Ѩ
Ҷ߽֮󣬵һ۾Ϳ˼ªĶѨɫҰ׵ꡣ
ǱÿҪûѪɫص۽޻΢΢ز, ǻ˵üš, Ҳʲô尾ʹࡣ
һĻҶĶҪ˺
浽Ѱµĺۼ, ֻܴݱܴ˴
վڴ齱ߵȻҲĸ, Ҷ֮ɫ, νѾȥһλ˽洫, Ԥʱ飬Ҷᡣ
ҶȴȿҶ
¡»𣿡
ҶȻѾҶĲŲɡ
ѯ֮, ҶҲջĿ⡣
ᡣ
ҶﲢûжնƽýҶĪذġ
Ҷﴹߣ, Ͳ¡Ҫģѹ֮ǰ, Ҫ˷
Ҷףǣ¡

ʱһ̣λڳϸ˻
һϸСĵĲ֮ڳվҡҡͷ

𣬡ôܣϢڣ㡪
ڳϲؿһ̵ۣصû°

̲סʧְԼλѻ
Ȼûʲô£˿֮ڳüʼԼĽӽŪһѵƿƿ޹ޣǵúúһ£ȸҩָ͵
ͷˡ
֮ǰҲŵòҶǵ˻عλڳϹ
Ͼħ֮˶ϾȵģڣҲǺܶˡ
ָʵǿڳϵҽ˵ãҲ߼汸ɫղڵʱڴӻѹ
һƼվ齱ߵҶǣü
ûʲôѪɫı΢΢ϡ
Ҫڽڡȿȡ𣿡
㵹ȱԼ
ûҶǻػиһ˽
΢ŲŰתķ
㡭ôˣ
Ҷû˵Ӹµؿϵ񴡣
óϣģʱ̶ȵػԭӡֻ޺꣬ûʲô
Ҳۡ
Ҷ̾˿̧ߵ齱ϡ
ҲĻѵҪڽ˰̧ȥɣ
ħ̫Σˣ㻹ǻؽڰɣ֮١
أ
΢룬ۣǸ㡣û·ˣûȥ
˵ЩСĲŽûΰ
Ҷ齱ߣҲ񴣬߱ûɣ
۵ʺؾ
ֻ֮ӽӽȡǱ߱񽣳
ĺâĽɭŽĿӵķâ
ǰҶͬӡ
ֻ֮ͽԼ۵ȥתΪЦɫ
ȫ߱񽣵Ӧþɱɣ

˵⻰ʱĺѪһɫȥ
ɱ;
֮֮ûнˣʱ൱ƿŴħ½һ죬ҵ
˵ʱĻһ١
ͻȻ뵽ʲô̧Ҷʱ䲻࣬뿪Ҷǣ
ڡ
Ҷɫӵվ˳
ǻ͡
졣
Ҷ̲סְ̧񴰴˴齣ǰšһ㻹гӲҪ򡣡
Ŀ㣬ⲻЦ飬뿪
˭Цˣ
Ҷ
ǰʱֵԾһûûεģ񴵽׻üˣѹ΢ŭҶ
⼫ûûСĳƺҶѵþȻûʲôʾ
ֻһȻЦ̾˿
Ҫһֱ𣿡
¡
ȻۣңҺˡ
⻰ŵüͣ㱼ҶֿǰǸʮꡭһϤǸĻħ񴡣
Ҷﲻԭһ£ֻЦţҲЦš
Ҫߣڣ
ş̌ƯĺӰ߲ң
ɵӡ
Ҷ̾˵Ρ
Ȼ̧䵽߱ϡ
Ȼòˣ͸ҰɣΪ
һ㶡
ʱڶѨڴ⣬϶¶˱Ļ
ΨҶ˼ؿŮӵıӰһۡ
뵽ʲôü㼴㵽˻羳Ҳܵѽ
Ȼܡ
ҶûԥؽĻǲã
Σᡣ
һ飬û뵽ʲôܷĶֱֽҶ
ҶḧЦЦʵҲпܣ޳ɰȻΪ㱨أ
á
ſڴӦؿҶ޳ɰΪұ𡣡

Ҷͫ¡
κЦӦ£
ðƭС
ҶǡܼѲܰĿҶƿڱµ߬ȭ
忡ȴɫͻؽڣһ̶롣
Ҷǵͷȥǣ¡
*
ڶɫʱŽΧɽ
ڳϵԼЧһҹȥȻָ˴롣
˶֪Ⲣûʲôá
ڰ֮ǰκʵûáΪһմ磬ֻǰҲѾԳ
Ψһһܶв߱񽣣ȴ㾡Ҳ޷Ĵڡ
һ˵ﶼ֡
ҵĹֶ
ն˾ӸµظվڶѨǰ񴣬ĴʤߵЦݡ
ֻЦǲż
û뵽츳ͻˣﵽĳɾͺ;硪һСľҪ󻼡ɴ
áЦţ㵽ײǸ츳ĻëСӣЩɾ;Ͱ಻ס¶צˡҺ޺󻼵ذһ򾡰
ƽڿһˡ
ô첻߱ˣ
տյ֣ЦЩ羳߱񽣡շ֮࣬Ѿһѵ˰
ֻ߱ڣһԼ£߱񽣶ʵ᲻ˡ
ڴʱؼڽ
Ƽ߱񽣵ʱɱŵƨ
˵Ŀһ䣬ͬʱķȥ
ֻѨףһŮӱű˳
վʱЦеͷˣҧźһһ١

˵ŭӿֻû˵ʲôʼճĬȴǿˡ
Ҷ
ŭ¶
Ҷ޹תеǰܲʡ
Ϊβȥ
Ȼ˻ƣҶѪһɫȥ
ҶգգۣΪҵˡ
񴣬ЦЦ˹ȥ
֮߱ͷ֮Ѫɡ
˾һ㶡
֮ˡʣʵڲ˵ġ
Ψ˲ʱ֮һ忡ӡ
Ҷң
μһ˲ƵҶԡ
ȻԾΪʱ

ֻüסûСȥŮˡ
̵Ѫһ
Ҷ̱ĻֻоȫؿǸߵѪ뿪塣
ռȫߣϽŴѪ
۶ѪȾͨ졣
Բ𡣡
ԼҪڷɢȥεЦ⡪
Ҳ¿ġ񴡣

ҶоԼʵЩˣǺܶ궼ûϢһ
ǰ˻۾
ͬʱŮǰѳ⻪ֱĿ޷ֱӡ
ǹ⻪סŮӵ塭
֮һɢֻһ߱ͣգȻͨһ㾶ֱɵ
ʹ˭Ҳ顣
ֻܿ߬ڽϵսɫѪҪֱų
һ̤ڿմ
ͬʱķѣڷȻ¡
Ǻڷ䣬Ƽһ˫Ѫ۾
ֻͬԶ顣
˵˻һŰ
ὣŰеȥ


61 
Ҷһʱ, ǰһƬ۵İס
컨塢׳ƹܡǽڡҺƿ
ûһתԼڸһתȦ
ȻԲԶĵط˼ٵؽһ֣ͷɿغšҽܳ
ӻʿվİӦþڲԡ
ôûӵ, һꡣ
Ҷ, ǹ˹
˰
Ҷۡ
ûһҽͻʿ˲ҽʼҶ壬ͬʱѯĸоֱֵܳĲ֢һһŲ, °
Ҷ, ˰
ҽ뿪˲ſڲ߾Ϳʼһٺ
һͺ˽Сʱ
˼, ҶҲߩĿ޺Լˤ¥ݺ顪
ѧԱʱ, ¥, ³˵ͲƤ֮Ҳű˴, ƫƫҽԺһɾһ¡
һ͸˯ͨƵ, һ
ҽҲûǸʲô״

Ϣ˰Сʱ, Ҷǿܿˣ˻ƵѮ
ԾɴԼǵĵ
С㶯, ֪˵Ǹһ֪Ϊɥء
͸Ҵ绰ˤ¥ˡҲΪԼǧҡ
̧ͷ޵ñͷͨ, ۾Ҳеˮס
ҶǶ
û£ֻΪ, ñǧš
ΪЦ
*
Ҷ֮ҽԺסԺ۲С²ųԺˡ
ѧУû죬ܵĳɶѵͲѹӻҽԺȥ
ȵһһڽ²죬ҶԼһΡԡľԼһΡ
ܡΡֱӱҪĨ֮˲ȫƽӵĴǡǱ߱񽣲ĸоŽȴûܴӡ

Ҷ̾˿Ҳεˡ
Ҷѧ˵ʲô
ԱͻȻչԴ

Ҷﱻһɫذ˻ȥʲôҲû˵ˡ

Ǹģ㡣
ҶƳѧһֿۣλЩŵСѧá
ˣ黹ҪԼ㡪УѧˣҪάϵסʱĲǵƤ
ԱǸѧЦûΣ
ܰҶѧơסԺסһ£˼̶ǩͬôѧڲЧ˵ʱѹ°ʱβ𣿡
ٸĸС壬ҶЦЦرһۣ⾫̵ƨȥ
ѧƤЦӦˣ
ҶջĿ⣬û֡

ϾʱǾҪƤġ˲š
ŵĲˮֵһ곤Žˡ
һ˶飬Ҷü
ֻܿ͹ϸЦݣ˹ȥ곤
˼򵥺˼䣬ҶҪѻͬϴͱ곤סˡ
ܹͬ˾Ǳߣ̸ܾ
Ҷһ£
һУ԰յλˮܹ˾̸ܾ
ѧѧҲţֵܹ˾Ǹʲôţ֮ǰùˡ
ͷй˾ļҵ˾ڲʽۺ񣬸߲Աԭȫһյġ
֮˵ԭǰ϶³¹ʣ˾ҳһࡣλȨ϶³ڹѧĶӻ֮һѪϴһĸ߹ܣԼܾλûְҵǸ졣£˾չͷʢ
ô˵һԵչֲ̨ʲôУϻôҲͷܹ˾λ̸ܾɣ
Ұ곤Цеؼ֮ǰУǱ˵ҶС˵⣬߶׼˵ģܾ֪Ķ˵ͬˣҪϵǩ
ҶøʱҲֻӦ
ҪλɼͥĸĸԺסԺû¶棬ŻҪѧУļϵء
˵ҶСǰסԺˣûʲô°ɣ
ǵ곤ͺֵʡ
ҶʱҲ˴һĪֺõԭĶˡȻҲԼʲôȹϵ
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ȥһӲòƽƽСվ⡣
ĿڼѧöʧضۣҶﵹûʲôӦվ
Сִٵ곤ܡܾˡ
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㡣
ǰﹴǡҲ߹
̧źеһСģƵŮˡ
þò㡢㡣
THE END.
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