һ磺½٣޶
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İ
Ҷ˳ع½ܲá
һʱƭ½ܲãʧõİ¹⣬Ļŭš
ٴ


001ͤƵ

ͤƵꡣ
½Ԫ׿ɳ΢΢̵ۣͬһ㣬ȻţȻѷȳļá
Ѿ΢΢Щˣ⳶˳ֽ⿪ųӣּżֹ
ڹ꣬һعʱûͱһȺ˳ӵĺư׾ƺġ
ٺȥǻز˼ˣȥϴּ䣬Ѿơ
ϴּϴ˰½Ԫͳ̺ʹ޳ָȴ˶٣ɫĦ£ջǰӽһԵͰְѾµɫװ˿ڴ
ʱ洫һԶ½ԪüذȴͻȻһŮסȥ·ȷе˵ǱͶͱˡ
Ů½ԪؿڣϢ̡
½Ԫ׿ǰɫŵһ࣬ǰ͹̣¡ǰһһ
½Ԫòذƿ˵С㣬ϴּ䡣
Ůҡҡλεվȣ۾ϣͨ죬һȶ˵ģ
ҶС㣬Ķ
ϴּͻȻһ
Ů͵ۣһѳ½Ԫףϴּĸ
½Ԫ׶۾һ£һʱ汻һƵŮ˽ȥ
ռС氤úܽ½Ԫܿһ۽ëнëµ۾ۣͫʽϳԴֺ·һˮ⡣
̫ˣ̫۾ˡ
ŮٵشϢţסʱʱػλԴҪѡɫ촽ʵӡѪԼҧġ
½Ԫ׻عζüӦòֹǺȶ˾ƣܻҩ
ҶС㣬ˣȶˣؼҰɡ
ԽԽ
㡭½Ԫ׶˶죬ЩʲôǰȴͻȻ˫סĻ
Լϵ˫̲סҪһ½Ԫ׾˱סһƬ촽£ǻﴫѪζ
ŮøˣӺ﷢һ޵
½Ԫװ˰ԼĻǡŮǿܣȻɬػӦ¡
һǽû
Ůص½Ԫ׻ȴеġ
½ԪǣζŷŵǸǣŮɫԣǶͶͱŮûκκøУɽ죬ȴһŮ
ǰһŰСپ£üۺ飬޶ƬմˮɫıɫۣῪ·һ׷
Ů½Ԫؿڣϵְһֽ𣬲ɷ˵½Ԫ׵Ŀڴ˵Ƶ꣬䷿ңһҹ
Ϣһ仰˵ö϶
½ԪȴЦ
½ϳ½ҵִܲãȻ˵˳ţɡ
٣
Ů½Ԫûֲͷشְ﷭һп˹ȥȻԼ򿪸ţĵǰߣ߻߻ͷ˵ϡ
û߳˾ȥ½Ԫ״粽ǰεؽס
Ů¥½Ԫ׵Ĳ˵ߡ
½Ԫ׾ȻʹӦá
ƺ½Ԫ׼⣬ҪıƺŮþһ˿ǣ˵ɱʲô˼ҶҵŮңҪӵǺιģ
ԭв˵Щ컵ζŸǵ顣
Ҷң½ԪζЦЦŮȻóԵ˵һѴСźġ
ܵ½Ԫǻ𶯣Ůرۡ
½Ԫװ˴ȥ˲ԶһҾƵ꣬ǰ̨ע⵽ԵŮûżΪǾ
ҾƵ½ϵĲҵ½Ԫײͷǰֱ̨Լݣ˶¥׷
Ұܺã⿴ȥо۵ףˮԶˣֻʣĿ貵޺硣
Ůڴϣ绰ͷչȴͻȻ˵ڴֽĥ
Ҫҡϵ˽ëزš
½Ԫײ»ݣһ·ϣ类ֵŮԳʱ仰û˹ǣӵѹ¡
µΪҩĹϵƻ𣬿ɱ½Ԫ״ʱ򣬻ǻƵĽӲ
½ԪĵǱȫӰ˫ŵ۾ǣֱȫɣ
ݵĽǣڶˣʱԵıˣɢڵϵ·ҲûǼɫ
ûдͷֽп½Ԫ׼ɣҹһΡ
 

002

ҶҵıڶΧľïġ
ҶصģӶѾæµ׷׹شк
ŽݵʱİְҶͬĸҶģ¥µĿҶɫܲãҶĹɵһԡ
ϺáҶܵس˴кҪ¥ȥ·
վסҶסŭ㿴ڳʲôˣѧҹˣ֪֪˶ô˵㣿
Ҷ΢΢Ҷĸ׹ԼĹϵԽˣΪҲӷݡǣǰ˵֣ʮǰܻؼҵġ
Ҷһҹûĵһҹû˯þҪСŮĿοҪȥֱʧˡ
Ҷûۿһۣ˵ȥĶˣԽԽˣ
Ҷͣ¥ݿڣתԼĸף벻˵˵ʲô˵Ҷᣬʲôĸ׾ʲôŮ
㣡ҶĿһʹҶ˵Ļúһ
ʱ˸Ҷĸ׵ĻʹĸΪ˹ȣɱʮǰ˳ǼҶƱҲܵ˲Сĳ
ǽЩҶԽԽѾûἰˣ±Ҷ䲻˵Ҷ󺶣ж޵Σ߳ŭ
ְ֣һԵҶļæǰסҶһ߰˳һȰˣΪ£סѼˡ
Ҷ£ֻ֪ȥ죬ʲô£ҶôͳôŮ
ҶҶסĿڣԾؾǰ͵仰ԳЦЦҶڣҶҪŮֻҶ
´Ķʹ͸УҶû˼Ҷɫ߸Ьֱ¥ϵİȹЩ壬ֱͦжһĺʡ
¥£ҶĸҶ˱ˮͷ˲䣬¶һĨײĳ
Ҷվڻ£ϴԼ壬ֱͨ죬ŹˮԡۣԼĴϣƣȴ˿˯⡣
¥ԼҶһ˫۾һ˲˲ض컨ϵĵƣֱǰɰããһţգգۣۿͷʧ
ʮգѰԼȥͤƵףԵһʱ򣬰Ƚ˸绰Ϊм£æˡؼô磬һڰȾơ
ԵʱѾ̱ʶҲԽԽ
Ȼȥ죬ɺȾзִ磬ûԼ쳣ò룬ľˮܱ˼Ķ
ҧ촽ʹһ˿ǿ壬ײײߡ
û߼һŲһģ׷˵Ҫؼҡ
Ȼţ˲ºһţͷҲصǰܡӿһȣԵȻһ˧İˡ
ĵһҹĵһΡ
ҶתͷǶĸ׵ƬƬϵŮüĿ续ǳǳЦţơ
Ƭһš
裬Һ㡣ҶૣȴҲûһĻίˡ
Ҷ˯˹ȥһλصʮһǰ졣
ĩȥѧУһ軹ҪƯİ̴˱һ͹ǰְ顣
ʱֻһ䣬ΪԸӶ˰ȥ¥ϡʱѾʮˣѾ֪ʲô͵ߣ͸ŷԼ¥µͿںĸױ۸¥
ǸöһĿһۣĨˡɫƽһЦͷذ˻
Ǻܺ£Ϊû˿Ѫɫھҵزš
ϣȥ˯ģĸְִ绰ǰְֵĵ绰һֱͨţȴʼ˽
ֲ⣬ֻԺ˯ˣҹӶ˵һСɱˡ
֪ԼجΣԼҪţźĸײĿ˫ۺʹճѪҺ
̫ˣȥˣ
ȴǷɿǰš
˯еҶԽԽ࣬ٴδجʱͷ췭ظ
 

003ͷ

ҶǱһ󼱴ٵѵġ
ԺۣͷЩۣ´ʱ΢ѣΡ
·ţվҶġ
Ҷһ˵㣬˼ҵˣҪ¥˵˵
Ҷ簴Ŷǣ΢Щʵ˵ʲôҪ̸Ҹ˾Ļ£
˾Ҷδ˵ĻһʵҵҶ粻ϣ˶ٳûн飬˾ѾСˣ˼ҸͻŴ߻顣Ҷͼֲˡ
ԣҶǵͷҡҡͷɴֻҶ硣
ҶɻػֻĻ۱һ˱ڻƬ
Ƭϵֻ˰Ҷֱ徵ͷɫ糺죬롣
ͷ
ƬµļֱĿָڸ˼лԼ£ССľֻûдƬϵǸСôڴźˡ
Ҷֻ΢΢Ϊָڴ˰׺ۡ
ԭǸҩ˵Ŀġ˭ôҩҪ׻
ҶһֻҶģޱس¥ȥ
ôױģڵǸ˼ҽԼĺʱ
ҶĸζЦЦ
Ҷ¥ͱҶݺ˦һƣ̺
ҶָıǼ㻹֪֪ܣҶҵˣ
ֹҶңǹ˼ҵҲˣ˾ɳϣһɫģ޲ǰҶһ⡣
磬м϶ʲôԲԣһ¡һԵĹ˾˵ҶĿۡ
ʱ㻹˵ɸֵؿԼĶӣĺõģͲϲ㣬Ҫô궼ϸ飿
˾˸˵ʲôֻһشҶ͡
ϲҶ磬ҶҲģ֪ҶܲϲȥС
ҶǰҶ磬ŸҶȰ˵ְ̣֣϶пԵģǻͰɡ
ҶԳЦЦʲôǱݺģ˹ҩ
Ȳ˵ǰ⼸˻᲻ţʵϣϵΪҲǸСġ
ҶǵѪ봹۾˵ƬϵҵѣҲϲ˾ҲûҪ顣
һҹѣǶӰС˵ǣҪýҵƬϵǸ֮ǰһͨԼѡ
ڹ˾ȻչϲеŮһõİ飬ǰԼϹ
ʲôҶ޶Ե̬òᣬҲ˲ʲôָ˵ǹ˼Ҳ̣Ҫ˵飬˻Ҳԣֵزɲһ䲻ϲģǹ˼ûô۸
ù˾Ҳǻ˵䣬˭֪˾͵ͷҲص뿪Ҷҵı
ӱߣջ𣺡ҶҽҪǲһĴ𸴣˭ù
Ҷ𼱻ģ˺üƬҩŻҶھεصͷû˷ҶĿŹ˾뿪ıӰһˡ
ҶǿȰѸȰߣֶšܻŷ硱֪߳ܡҶһͨôûٶ֣ǰ˷Ըר˿أ׼벽
ʱҶһͷһˣҲƪűǳ˵С鷳
½Ԫ׸տᣬͽӵ˼ĵ绰һӣ˵ǸɣôԸ޻ͷأ
ͤƵΪ½Ԫ׽ӷ֮һϯ½ԪͻȻ绰ҲӣǼѺһģ˾Ƶļ¼֪½ܲæȥˡ
ֻǣһСģһͷ
ҪҰæý˵һȰų𣿡ʵ
½Ԫ׶ŵĻϵƬɫЩջع½ϣַʽͷôҲǼ£ȻƬֻСų˻ϳ
Ǿллˣһᾡ˲ôµġ
ļ˶٣˵Ӧòǳģ㻳ﱧŵǸҶҵĴС㣬Ҷ磬ƽʱΪЩ̫㣬Ƶˡ
½ԪüǸҶҴСԶ
Ȼ˵һҹҲˣǧģģǳúÿŮҲܹ⿴ò㲻֪Ȧķ
ˣ½Ԫ״˵зִ磬ŵ¾ͰˣԷ
˵꣬ȼӦ͹Ҷ˵绰
ҲԼôˣ˵Ҷ粻ãﾹȻ⡣
ϣھƵĴϷһĨѪһҹΪŮˣôܻǸŮ
½Ԫ칫µС룬Ҷֽпָʶ˼£Ȼͨߵ绰Լ
򣬴һ˿۾էһһϽʦ
½ܣ£ʵ
½Ԫװпݸ˵ҲһſˣУΪʲôͤƵꡣ
 

004³

ҶѾҶڼˡ
ý忯ǳƬƺһҹ֮ʧˣǹҶҴССĴȻϣҶұмǻ
Ҷ˾ĻȻ洵Ҷչ黹ǹҶҵƣΪҶ˾鲻ͣѾԼƬϵӸҶŮѹϵ
Ϊù˼˵ǣҶͷĿ˹˼ҡ
ý岢ûоʹ˷ŹҶĴ㣬İӱڻƬûˣýȴڳҶҹƬԡ˽㡱ΪݺݵغҶһѡ
ý忯ЩƬҶһںȾƣżһŮ飬ûи˭̬Դ˵˽㣬ƺе֤ݲ㡣
ͬʱмѰƬϵӣǲҶ˵ǣͼǸνҶѡڳЩϡ
һʱ䣬˳ǵйҶĸ汨ýĹעЩһǡ
ҶڴϣԼ׵˭ԷȻô󹤷Ҫء
ְٳȥ£Ͱ˼飬һֱ취ýϧûʲôЧýвҳƬϵǸ˲ϰݵļơ
뾡ȥҵǸһҹţɣΪԼġѡŤתýķ
Ҷ粦ͨ˰ȵĵ绰
磿ллأڴˣ֮ǰͨ绰Ҷ켱ˣô
ѹеҶĵһƬůڽͨ绰֮ǰ°ȻΪŵ鲻
ҶЦЦ˵û£ְֹˣڳȥܲܰһˣ
֮ĬðȵһʱͲµĿģʵ֮ǰƬϵǸˣ
ţæ
áҲʣֱӦ
Ҷ罻˵ȥ½Ƶ꣬鶥¥׷ĶϢͷӦǸ˵Ǽǵ֡
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鷢ڣΨһһɾˣҶ类Ļ⼸ܵίһӿ˳Щʣˣˣ·Сĵ㡣
Ҷϰȵĵ绰ҶڴϣŴ֦
ʱģϵҶѾдУżһֻ֪Сɹ⣬ͣϣߴߴس裬طߡ
һжɡ
ȶܿ죬͸Ŷ
½Ƶ½ϵĲҵǾܾ͸©κס͵ϣ˾Դ˵飬ǲſϰҲǼϢɽ¥׷Ǽǵֻһ˵֡
Ҷ翴Ŵһ˵֪ˣлл㰲ȣʣµԼ취
ȶԼûܰﵽæЩ˼Ҫһĳٰ࣬ȥҡԭϵƬֻаò̫ˡ
ˣһԼ취ġ
㲻Ǳ𣿡ȵǵʵ
Ҷߵǰ¿˿˵زסҵġ
һ·Ҷ򿪶¥ش˳Ŵߵһȥ
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½Ԫ״ͷļֿ̧һֱ룬°໹аСʱ
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Ҷ硣
Ҷʮʱ׳죬ĸɱãŮ˽ӻҶңҶƣҶЭֻ˽Ů˻ȥӴˣҶ治ҶĸҲ񻯡
Ⲣͷŵ
ĽƻļͥӺĸףĽȻȴûǨŭĽ浵Ů˵ҶҶȻѰǣҶ绹չãûΪѹüΧ
˰޷һǴ
ţ½Ԫ׵ĵ绰ͻȻǼ
˵Ԫף浽أҲ֪Ҷ絽׵ʲôˣýƴҶҪholdסˣԺСĵ㣬˾Դ˵춼˲鵽½Ƶˡ
½ԪνЦЦ鵽ôһǲɣ
֪½͡ҲЦ㻹Ƕעãջع½ϣ߻иĶ壬һ²һ£ҶȻÿǸ˭˭ɱɫԻˡ
֪½Ԫ׽˵Ҷ£ܾ½Ԫ׶Ҷ̫ˣǲĵһ顣
½Ԫײÿɷ񣬵Ц˵겻ôԽԽˡ
ⲻǵһ䣬ˣ㲻˵ҪǳԷͷ½ܲõȻǣҸղŸ˾Դһ˵ơ
½ԪһôǰʡǮˣ
ĶܰǮǵˡ绰ͷ˾Դ
½ԪЦЦ˵ţϾ͵
ϵıֽ룬ǰŽ˰칫µĳȻԿ׳˰칫ҡ
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뿪½Ƶ꣬·Ŀ˹ȥھ񲻴ãһ
ڿȵЪһŨȶûҶԽԽˣֻȽгر˭֪ȴڹ·ʱǰͻȻһڣʹ˲ʡˡ
֮ǰһɳ۶

005

˾Դͼ½ԪȥԷˣ·˵Ц·صеʱ
ãǰͷ·ȴͻȻһˣ½ԪͲɲһ̶ɲ󣬺嵽ǰǸصȥ
Ҳ٣ɰ
˾ԴڸʻϣԳһ
ǵĳٲ죬Ҳû˵ټ½Ԫ׷Ӧ죬ͣʱǸ˻׵ľ롣
ȴǰһôǵĳͷǰֱǳɰ
½Ԫ׶Լĳģ϶Լûײˡ
ü˼ȣڵϵһΧܿΧһȦֵˡ
ˡ˾Դ
½Ԫ׿һ˵ȥ֣ϵķ˿ɾˣȥɡΪ˶Ǯ⻨Ǯʹ죬ֱӰǮˡ
˾ԴҲ򿪳ţȥ
ɵǸŮһ˶װͷɢס
λС㣬ȷҵĳûײ㣬ΪҪǮĻ۰ɡ½Ԫ״ӿڴóǮУ΢Щͷ˵
ǣڵϵȻû
Ҳǰ˵Ǹ缸żȥԷþհɣг¼ǣղŵ鵽ʲôģ¼һء
ûзӦ
˾ԴǸƢϵͷ˵˵㡭Ҷ磿
̧ͷ½Ԫ˿Ȼϳˡ
ڵϵҶɫ죬·ܸоƤ̡
˾Դ˵Ƿιȥˡ
½Ԫ׶εСһ£ԥһ˲ƿ˾ԴֱӰ˱ȻѳһأŲԵ˵ָԼȥҽԺ
ֱɫʧ˾ԴűŴͣԹ˾ɫѣһԵļε̾˿½ԪȻûԼȰĻȥ
˿̼ɫѵ½ԪŵȺƵļ϶ͨӾ۲ںŵҶ硣
ƺܣͷҶϱʹࡣ
½Ԫ׵ĸžϲµؿţ̵ʱһŵףӿ˳١
ҶһجΡ
μԼĸڶ¥Ĵǰ˾µױݣһŵİɫȹӣȻһԵСԼ
Ҷǰֹĵ밴סͣѪȴԼܶҲֻվһԣĸ׵ѪԽԽ࣬Ⱦϵİȹӡ
Ҷͷ̶¡
ͻȻŴһ춯ҶεضſڣܸϿĸ͵ҽԺȥ
Ż򿪣ĸ׺Ҷġ
ҶƿͣѪĸףǵذҶҶǰЦŶ˵磬ģˣԺͲҵŮˣһŮ͹ˡ
Ҷƴҡͷĸ׵ķ󺰣ҶʲôҲڸҶ˵ĻʱʱسԷЦЦһܰ͡
ˣѾˡͻȻһŻŮ˵ǰһ˫΢΢ϵĺۣ˵ҲѹҾˣҶӣҶҵŮˡ
Ľ浣㺦裬ҲҶҵŵģҶ˵ˣŭ
ĽΪЦЦǾơ
ȻξһһŴϣ˫ȣϵȡ󡣴ΧΧˣһ߶գһŵ֪ܡ
ߣȴ񱻶˴һ㣬ֻܾͷ˵ţЩ۵ơ
֪˶ãϵ뿪Ҷҵס֣ߣߣҺú¡
Ҳǲԣ߿ɾˡ˰Ҷ籧ڻĺ󱳰ˣ㡣

Ҷӻҵξʱ򣬷ԼҪҵ˾ȻͿԼĴͷϡ
˺һŪڵ״˿ڴͷӵԼԼ˵ؿϣﻹ˵һֻ֣
ؿںܽʵɵţǻָ޳ȳƣĸůһģһҶܹͬƻһ㣬Ĵָɦһġ
ʶԼʲôҶһ͵ش½Ԫ׻˳
½ԪױѣӲһ±ѹýӲֱۡ
Ҷ羯ؿܣƵʵʲôطΪʲôΪʲôҲ
½Ԫ״ӲԶϵ˱ˮ߻Ҷǰ
Ҷ͵½Ԫѹµ龰غ·ŲŲ㣬ʲô
˵ɫأ½Ԫ׹ǰ˴գͦıҶϣҶŵˣ޲ܴǽ㣬Ͳұ𣿡
һǿиɵģ½ԪͻȻЦٶŪ
˵ô࣬ڿ𣿡ˮݵǰҽԺ㷢εˣΪյʱ̫ת˷ףҪҽԺ۲죬Ұ͵ҽԺġ
лл㡣Ҷ練Ӧ˼ؽӹˮڹ˼ֵʱ͸оЩǲû̫⣬ֳЩĨţ͸û˼Լˡ
ԼǵԼεʱ򣬺ǿ½Ԫ׺˾Դ˵ʱһһģ̲סʵ˾Դ˾ʲô֡
ţ½ԪԲüҶһΰţɣְϳ˾ԣµĸطܲˣ
½ܲòԳЦЦشҽ½Ԫס
 

006Լ

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½Ԫͣ£ͷ
ǸҶµǸӦûϢðɣҸ˾ԴҲЩ飬ҪҸ绰һ٣
ʹҶƽʱΪ󵨣ЩҪĻҲе˵ڡ
ˣһ˯úܺá½Ԫ˵
Ҷԣֺ˺졣
֮½Ԫ׸˵Լڻһֱ½Ԫ׵֣½ԪѲһڴϵġ
½Ԫ׺ЦЦûµĻҾȥ˾ˡ
ٵȵȣҶһգһᣬɴֱ׵˵мæٰҵѣֻǼٰ磬¼ܵľٶҿԸһǮҪҪҲᾡ쵽
Ҷһ˵꣬ص½Ԫ׵Ĵ𸴡
ٴνӴ½ԪײΪ̰ƺɫƺһԼ׼Ҷ粻ҿ϶Ƿͬ⡣
½ԪƤҶҪ
ʵýǰ
ܲ³ҶĿģ޷ȵƬͣҶý幫˵ǣԼѡ
ȵҶĵϸҪΪĸ޽½ҵŮ˹ˣֶˡ
ǣ˵ҵһθʱǱҩģý巢ЩйҵıҲڱɿСҶ۾ȻҲԾܾң±͸޹أóȻǣҲһʲô¡
ҶģûƱ˵Ҳûధ΢󣬵½Ԫ׾ǴĻһɳ
׻ٵһˣһŮˡ
Ҷ̹ϣæ
ʵϣ½Ƶҹ֮һֱҶ޵ĴСȥҶҵĻˮʱЩԥɵټҶ磬ԼȸԾ飬͵֪ʱĽۣҶкøС
ؼǣһ˫һģһ۾
ߡڣҶѻ͵ôܲúðգ
ҴӦ㡣½Ԫˬ˵
ҶԾ̧ͷЦ˫Ф۾
ʱǡô͡
½Ԫ˳ֽӹͣĵذҶǰĳͰɣý齻ҡ
ҶһʯͷأͷĿ½Ԫ뿪
½Ԫ˺аȫУĵһμ̫ǻΪѡ
ͣһһߺ࣬һ꣬ȻԼȻһС˶ûԣԺﾡ½Ԫ·ˡ
Ҷĵ׷·зιЩˡֱͣԼ½Ԫ׵ϵʽˡ
½Ԫ׵İ칫һСϢңгõϴƷͼױװϴ꣬·ͨߵ绰
ϵгˣҸԼ˳ǼҴýϰ塣
 

007Ҫ绰

ҶҽԺ죬ֱԺʱ½Ԫ׶ûٳֹ
ȴ˵绰һҽԺڰԺһڲϣ㶵ؿſڡ
ȰصҶһ겻ģ̲סǵʵôˣڵı£ýͣ˲٣ԭȿǵЩҲˣý廹˵ǸӦúܿͻȥˣ̫ˡ
Ҷع˵ͷû˼˵Լʵ½Ԫס
סԺ⼸죬ҲйԼĸ汨ԽԽˣ˵ʵý巢Ǹʱȷʵܾϲϲ֮໹еᡣ
ԭȰ½Ԫ׾Ϊ˳йԼĲʵýԶ˵Ǹ½Ԫ׵İϵ׻㲻
Ļڰ½Ԫ׺ҲûʲôˣɲĻ˫ѾͷӦˡ
ż룬ý鲻½Ԫ׽İɣϾǰŸռ½Ԫףйĸ汨Ϳʼʧ
ת뵽ֻ˾Դ˾ôָʹý壿˵״ģһ㡣
ȼüͷͰ˴Ӵ˵ȻȥɣҶ⼸ܵ㣬ÿ춼ҪҴü绰
ҶûͻȻ˵ȣܰҸ˾Դ绰𣿡
˾Դɻʵ
Ҷ粻ϲˮȥ˾ԴҪ½Ԫ׵ϵʽԸ½Ԫһ˵ĹϵΪá
˾Դһ㣬˾Դ׷ȣһֱ԰Ӧ
ȼ˵ȥȥԼ½Ԫй֮׵£ֻ˵죬½Ԫ׾
꣬ЦųҶգգۣòϲǸ˾˰ɣ
ûУҶ缱еط񶨵ҵæֻлһ
Բţʲô
ҡҶ类ҭһ£Ǳġ
ҲٸЦЦ˵ˣҰʾˡ˵㲦ͨ˾Դĵ绰
˾Դܲܰ˾ĵ绰ңȿżɽʵ
˾Դ׷ѾаˣȺ绰νӵȵĵ绰ֱϲ⣬ǡΪʲôҪҪ˾ĵ绰
˾Դšüͷȷϵ˾ĵ绰
ţǸ½Ԫ׵ģȹΣҪĵ绰úøлһ
˾Դˣ½Ԫʲôʱ˾ˣ˾Ȼ˳ŵŵңԶû½ҳ˾ѽ
˾Դ߰½Ԫ׵ʵݣͻȻ뵽½ԪϴζҶ̬ȡԣ˾ʲôģò½ܲ׷Ů·ɣ
ǸԵһ£ҵȻٻظ㡣
˾Դ˰ȵĵ绰ִҴҲ½Ԫס
½Ԫլϸһүӳ緹
½үϥ¹ӣ½Ȼ½Ԫ׵ĸףȥˣ½׿Ȼһֱ½үߣ½ҵС½εȻǸңĴܣҹŻص
ѵһžۣ緹պܺã½үҲܿġ
ϯͻȻᵽý彻ƵָΪҶͷ˾ҵ񶼲ˡ
½үȻüͷ
½Ԫ׸үʢɫؽ˵үүôӸҶҰˣ˵ǸĿ½ҸҶҵĺƺ˵⣬ⲻǸҶҵͷ÷幤𣿡
½үӽӹһ˵Ҳ£Ҫǵʱ̰½ϼŵ
½ԪװܽƵĵͷ½εȻʱƴڻ䣬¾ʹ˽˹ȥ
ӵ˾Դ绰ʱմ½լ
˾ԴϱԵĲʧ½ԪǲƵ֪ˣһֱӴġ
룬ֲ˵ȱҵݡ
Ӵ½Ǵݣ氮ðգ˾ԴЦӵ绰ͷ˹ҿ㣬ҶǸСӿеңĴȻͲ˵ˣҪ棬С
½ԪͻȻ˳죬Ҷ羯˵ҪӻǺι龰ԽҶȤЦЦ˵֪ˣ
 

008¿ů

ȺҶһ߿Ҷұһߵ˾Դ绰Ҷĵ绰ʾһİ롣
Ҷͨ绰ιλ
ҡͳֳԵֻǶ˴ҶһӾϳˣ½Ԫף
ҡ⼸칤̫æˣû˵ȥ㣬ûҵɣ
½Ԫ׵ǣҶ̲סԱߵİȣһʲôûӣεؿʵΪʲôҪ
½Ԫ׵͵͵ЦȻǰģܹҲѣŮʱѶûȥչ㣬Ӧ𣿡
ҶֳȿһۣȻŶ⳯밲ԶķŲŲǸҸ˵£ýѾйҵĲʵˣҷ˵Ǹ棬ԡ
㲻ˣ𣿡½Ԫ״˵еġ
Ҷ粻˼ظЦڿûҪˡ
˵꣬ͻȻԼе޳ܣڰ½Ԫϣ֮֮ȥ̬Ⱥ޳ܡ
ôûҪһ԰ů
Ļ䣬ȾһЦ˳ֵ׵ķһײ·ߵΧ
Ҷڸʻϣһͷײǰĵ粣عȼһһػЦɵһ˵Сĵ㣡
½ԪΪ仰Ƕ˵ģӿڵһСĵģ֤ÿһ˶ΪŮѡޣУ֧ܲһǮҶԴãڼҪǮ­ңǮͲٷˡ
ǰ½ϵԴҶý⣬һΪýǰ¶棬ϳݣһȷʵΪҶһӣ½Ҷҵĺȹ̡
Ҷܻ˲١ôôһӽҶĺûᣬǾͺұ˸Ҷͬɡ
Ҷ꣬ȻЩԥǣҪǮֱӸˣ͵Ϊлл㡭
ôУ½ԪٴδҲôܱ˵Ǯңмý巢˳˵ǻûǸôһӻһٰġ
ý彻ʱ½Ԫ׹мٷǸΪľǴ˿̡
ҶšüëһԵİȽǸ˾˵еԺʲôģǶ໨Ǯ͵ˡ
Ҷֵεʼ磬͵ֻ̫ͨˣҿû͵
Ҷ̾˿ն½Ԫ˵Ǻðɣҷ˻ھ͸תǮ
Ҷϵ绰תˣҶҪȥֻ
ȼһɨǰ˶ûԵؿģ·ϸһûһ໥Ц˵ÿģҶͻȻͣͣ
һ߲ɲ
ҶָŲԶĿʵ㿴ǸŮǲģ
·Ŀһ׳ʵˣ࿴еסĶһŮˣһɫȹӣߵֲס˴ԴŮǰһ
ƺִʲôŮҪȥϵȴһѰסǸŮ˵ȫ¶˳ȷʵҶġ
ҿһ㣬·ƫƧҪ¶³˶Զ·ᵽҶΪʲô˭
ʱҶǰͻȻվڣҶ絣ûԿ룬ֱӴ򿪳ȥ·档
ȸһ˿ҶĿǵʱһңʵ㡭ôˣ
ǡ·Ҷ翴һְۣŲϣʵλ˭㲻ҽһ£
⣬ǡҶĵʶؿȹϵװΣ۹Ƴϵŵ˳ձļߣҪɷҡ
Ҷһߡ־̲סüּҶ˵£Ϊϵģ͸Ӳʹˡ
ϵ˻˵λɷҲӦ󱻲ɷ˵ԸɣȻòԸ⣬ͻ˲ɷðɡ
˰ҶģҶĿ˸΢ɲسſڵķ°͡ջĿ⣬һߵǣЦŶҶ˵ǾͲˣȸˡ
뿪ʱЦҶоܲģ·ڶŴ׵СᡣֿҶһۣЩ죬ܸоԼʲôҪϢ
ҶСվһԣĿƺЩҶ硣
վм䣬Щ΢ĳԿ˵ȻˣǾһؼҰɡ
 

009µһԼ

ҶĸյҶʱ򣬹ɵؾֻСӣҶģҶҲ飬㳤̵Χת
ΪҶû취޽٣ҲδǨŭ֮ȻüҪãҶΪ㣬ʮҶĸеչ˺Ͱٹ
ʮദ֪ҶôģҶΪˡ
һ·޻ȰͻҶұʱҶſڵţȸ򵥿˼䣬뿪ˡ
Ӧ˾ԴԷ˾Դæ顣
ҶӦſڵȵһˣĵ̫ѾЩȵӣɹЩ죬Ǽһ㱡Ҷ³æǰĿ´һ飬ʵ˵⼸ˣôˣϻûвĵط
ȻЩӲڵĹС
̫Щ󣬻䣬ҶãǰҶʮһǰǸذĸصˡ
㶵ػشöˣֻеۣȥ˯һ
ҶͷþͺãѾˣ˲ӵСţȵ˯ɡ
Ҷԥŵ˵ͷҶЩϲɫԸ貼ˣҪŮһ緹
ǵҶ󲡳׼Ĳɫ嵭ҶżѯĿζв⣬ϯ˻ûô˵ȴܰʮһദǢһΡ
һֱ˺ԵҶİһ԰ŷȴܿƵŰְָв˵ĴӵµȹϵΣһһ£ֱǶź챦ʯĻȹϿ۵ڵϡ
ȹĵطһصĿ⡣
ҶͻȻҶҶʢһݸҶʱ򣬸пԴΰ̹⻹ǵһôĵһԷأ
ҶĿеΰ̾ҶĸףĻҶĻ䣬ǰĸɱʱ龰žһ֭Ū·
ҳԱˡҶض䣬ҲƵ¥
Ҷؿһֹۣɥصϡ
ҶľִٵվţؿҶʵְ֣ǲ˵ǽˣ
ûϵҶ޾ɵسЦЦ¼Էɣְȥ˾ˣܻһǵý㲹ӡ
áҶĹɵشӦ˵ְ·СģҲҪ̫ࡣ
ҶһůȻСŮġ
¥ϵҶ˿ڴϣȥ˯š
ԺһҶж˵һĸĿ˫ۣػؽţԴҪըˣеҪʲôתע
ʱڴͷ̴ֻٵǶʾ
Ҷ㿪ţ½Ԫ׷ģûУǷù緹
ֻһȻԼĽݣԸġСصĶȥ㣬ҺȾơ
˽ӣ½Ԫ׵ĶŻûع
ҶΪѲƻʱ򣬶Žˣˮʹ㳡㡣ĩ˻һС飬Ҷ̲סǡ
Ҷϵˮʹ㳡ʱ򣬼һ۾ͿվȺе½Ԫס
½Ԫĸߴ󣬿һ׾ţԭ߾ͺۣټ˳ÿʣʲףȻ˼۵װȻͬȺ۵úܡ
½ԪҲҶ磬ԶԶسЦЦҡҡһСտ½Ԫ׸տӭ˿̾⻹Ҫҫۡ
Ҷ类ЦݸȾҲЦ԰
㳡½Ԫ״Ⱥ໥Էķ߹ȥʱ򣬱˴϶Щϲ޵ڲ֪
½ԪװСտݹȥ˵ġ
ҶЦŵлȺܾˣ
½Ԫҡҡͷյ
ڳˮʸ̸⣬ʱҶ緢Ķšû뵽ҶԼһȾƣȡĻ飬ȥ̳˼ƽװ͹
·ȥѡһտҶպҲˣһжոպá
㲻Ⱦ֪һһܴʩúܺãᱻĵƬġ½Ԫ˵ǰơ
˾ԴȥĵطҶʵҰ˾Դ𣿡
½Ԫ׶˶٣Լڻ˾Դ˾ڳѵѾˡ
߰ɡҶͷ˵
ǣ½Ԫ׳䵱Ҷʱ˾˴һ˽˻Ҷ絽˵طŷ֣ǻԱƵģûлԱȥ
½ԪȴƤóһŻԱݸǰ̨˱ɹС
ͷҶɻؿ½Ԫ׸æ͵˾ԴĻԱʱõġ
Ҷüϰá˾Դ۵úżҪæа˵飬֪˾ԴȻô
½Ԫ治ɫظ˵˾ϰȷʵǸˡ
 

010Ӣ۾

˲࣬඼ڰ̸⣬Ҷ½ԪڴӣԱʱص˾ˮ
һҶ˳ʳָھˮϺָ㽭ɽ
ҳҪٵʱ½ԪͻȻƸ˾ˮϣЦźϣݸһԵķԱˣЩɡҶպã˺ôơ
Ҷȴ飬صһۣ£
½ԪЦЦƿһ˵¾ҵ£Ȼҵ£ǾͲ¡
Ҷֵһۣ۲ת¶ķ顣
½Ԫױģһɧʵ鲻ã
ôƵҪ顣
·ͷҶЩԣȻЦЦⲢδ۵ס
ҶüͻȻеˣڵݣֻùԹҺȾƣʲôʡ
½Ԫ׵ĻòƽַϵĺһĲһĻȣϸִ
¶ǣǰͷķ嵭Щ
½ԪʶȤز׷ʣ˰ڴ滺һżһ
½Ԫ˵ƵĻÿֻҶıǳǳһڣɼˣƿʱҶѾ΢΢Щˡ۽Ƿ죬·ˮ⣬գۼһ˿ġ
һ˫һƯ۾
½Ԫ׶˫۾ԽԽֱǼҪҶǼʱ򣬲ȻʶԼʲô
Ҷһ˲˲ض
Բȥϴּ䡣½Ԫ״Ҵ뿪
Ҷ翴ıӰЦ
ƱֺһڣѾЩˣأ½Ԫڡ
½Ԫ״ϴּʱ򣬷Ҷڱһ˾
Ҷ֣ϣŮˣһȥһɡ˵һֻҶ
ҶȷʵЩңץϵľƱͷһľˮ
ģʶôŭصһ˦־ҪҶһ⡣
½Ԫǡøϵקס󣬲ɷ˵̧һţһ¾ͰǸߵ˸ڵĿϡ
صһ죬˻Աע⣬׳ıѸٳ˹
ϷҶǸ˴ӵϳӣҪƿڴ½Ԫָһȭɹ룬˲İʲô˵ˡ
½ԪװѵλϵҶüʵû°ɣ
ҶŤ۵ҡҡͷ
ʱ˺ͱ˹˿½Ԫ׵ʱ㶣Ҫڴк½Ԫ۷һɨʱе˵
½Ԫ׳΢ɲҡҡͷ˿ԱߵҶһۣȻ½ܲǲλСǰ¶Լݡ
һ˵Ǹ˵Ǹǵλ˲õľ£ΪԺλѣⵥ
ҶЦһָ½Ԫ˵ˣʱѻǻȫʩúã㿴ָָεڵϵԺ󲻴ǲˡ
˱˵һΣȴ޿ɱ粵ȷʵǹʧֵԱûܼʱִ쳣
½ԪûпҶվȣƮƮɨˣƱˡ
Ĳ˲ͷϵĺﰵ⣬ֻǰˣֻЦһҶǸ
˺ˣҶղŲɧ䣬ûҪΪǵ˼ǸҲܵ˽ѵξˣ´һҪע⣬ٱɧˡ
ͷӦá
½Ԫſڣָ˵ҿλѾʶԼĴ󣬿϶úôµģ߰ɡ
ҶӦãȻſ½Ԫ׵֣ĵǰߡ
½Ԫ׿Ѿֱ治ڵķǰһѰ˱
Ҷ羪һԼֱ½Ԫױ˻̲ס½ԪɵɵЦЦлл㣬ղš
½ԪױЦλۣ㱼ƺ壬˫۾ֻ˵ѣЩҸġȭͷӲҾȭͷ㣻Ҿ˫ȣߵ·òã
ҶƵеת½Ԫ׿֣ŨҵĻŵ·ߴ͸Ǳ𴦡
½Ԫ׻ͷһ˫ԽԽҶȴûжܣҲܣֻƵĵı۾ǣΪڴϵȴ۾ϡ
ϳľƾҶ粻ܶ룬˺硱Ӧȴ˯˹ȥ
Ҷ뿪֮ȵϷҶǸŪѣֽʵʵذ˶ᣬű˴ӻ˳ȥ
 

011չ

Ҷʱ򣬷ԼһİĴϣΧĲЩϤ
ʹͷմӴžͱ˴򿪣½Ԫһǳɫӡȹ˽
Ķ˯˶ãҶüʵ
½Ԫװһ׼õķˮ˹ȥȻ̧˿ʱ䣬ش˵½Ƶ꣬˯˲ĸСʱϰ˵ʮ߷֡
Ҷһ½Ƶ꣬ڵغ·ˮʶȥϵ·û˶˿
½Ԫ׿úЦָŷڴϵӡȹӽ˵ҪҪȥϴ裬·ʡģؼҰѵ
ޣáҶ㶵ץһԵȹӣֱӽԡҡ
ůˮƤҶ粻յ龰ҩȻЩ־壬ԼʲôǼǵõģԼô½Ԫ׻ô񱨵˵
ͻȻţԡű£½Ԫ׵ͳſ𣺡ò˵ԵȳԵ㶫θٻȥɡ
ҶӦһҴҹˮ½ԪȹӣȻغ
ϰŷʢʳһСƷҶֻ˸뱥ȷʵеˡ
ʳ˲Ҷ磬Ҳ˲˸УʼͷԶ
ɻûڣ½ԪͻȻӱ󿿽ҶһûзӦ½Ԫ׵ڶ𣺡ͷʪģǲչԼ
һëظҶͷ
˵ĹϵҶ¿ӣ΢Ӳ˵ûбˣǲϷˡ
ò˵Ȼദʱ䲻ǣ½Ԫǳ⣬΢һ½Ԫ׵ܣֻҪһ뵽ЩǮģ;÷ǳ̡
ûϷ½Ԫͣ¶תǰ壬ͬƽ˵չ㣬֪ϵҲǳ֮ΣҲѣϣԭңҵЩǮһᾡ취ġ
ˣˡҶȫû뵽½ԪһԲϾͿʼס
½ԪûȻһ˲˲ضҶ粻ڵ˵㻹Ǽͷɡ
á½ԪΪͷĶᣬָ޵ػҶĲƺϸСĵƤ
Ҷ۾΢΢
Ľë½ԪҲǣһʷһƬհ׵ŮõĶҩ
ҶȤҲ໨˼Щ¡
ҶʰͣԹصҶұʱѾʮһˡ
Ҷڿһݲƾֽ
Ҷǰְ֣Ҷϱֽƣ۽˵ˣ˳Щ̫ƽͷ̫ˣŵʱôϱڡ
ѵҶȻûҶ˵ͷ¥Ҷֿ˵ҵҲжʱˣ˾æˡҲˣ˾Ҫġ
ҶʶҪܾҶִ̧˵֪ôģ￴ҶҵҵҪǲҪЩͶĵģҲ֪ӪҶҵĶᱻ֣𣿡
֪ŮĪҶһеģĽҶѨʹٲϡҶҵĶҲ䵽Ľ
Ҷı飬֪ǴӦˣ˻˵ȥϢɣһȥ˾
˵꣬ȴͻȻ
Ҷ뿪ĽŲһ٣ǵ˱ˮҶǰ˵ҲϢɡ
Ҷֵ͵Ϳ˼Ҷ¥ıӰ̾˿
֪ԼһɷҲһøףŮˣŮǷԽԽˣһЩ£ҲһЩ¡
ϲĽ浵С´棬ȴľĻ˻಻Ըǰ챻ýĨڵ£ָҲĽ浵ֱʡԼԽԽҪǰ㣬ΪŮ·
ҶԭֻϣԺŮܹƽ㡣ΪһףԸ
 

012ͻ

ڶҶһȥ˹˾
Ҷ֮ǰѧϰǻרҵҶֱӰ˲ңϤ˾ĿָһλԱԴҶԭͷټԱϤָܿͶЩӵ
ְ˵ɹ˾Ŀ⣬ϣҵ˿ǸŲù˾ʽ˾
ҶԸ񱾾Ͳ䣬˹˾Ŀʳغ˶ԸֵݺͬȥȾƵʱĶûˣʶʱԼѾһûƾˣÿȵϾȻĿȡ
˸㻻ζȥˮݱ衣ߵſڵʱ򣬸պмԱ
ᣬ㲻ǲҵ˵˵ǴС£ǲǸ˵
˽ҵ֪ͦģҲǿ⼸˲©أ۲ܼͣ໹š
Ǽý岻Ƿǫȵſ϶ǼٵİڵΣ˿ͦõģ󷽣ֳƯû˵ôأ
Ҹߴһܣ˸ǴСͻѾˣÿζ͵ҵġ
ģ֪˭͵𣿡

ˮŹţһʱûֹͣԵ˼ҶεЦЦȻȥŤͷȴ·ܼࡣ
ܼһʮˣһ۾΢΢Щ
˿ҶĿձӣʵˮôȥ˵ڵҪƿˮš
ҶҶ˾ʱȻûҶʲôȨҲûݡȻ󲿷ʱ䶼ڲ˾ѾҸȥһȦǰʶ˹˾λٶҡ
Ҷܼ࣬˵˸ŵɣͻȻˡ
ܼɻšüͷ˼һĴսſڣȻҶ硣˲ߵʵǡ
ˡҶ˵ֻҪӰ칤ȥɡ
˵꣬ҶߣͻȻתԹܼ˵ޣˣǳݱ͵Ұɡ˵ŰĿձӵ˹ȥ
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ҶЦЦȥ·뵽˸ղǼС˵ʻһֱæûô⣬ÿʱİ칫϶һΪǹ˾׼ģÿζֲһԵĻƿҰѻƿĻӽͰ
ԭЩ͸ġ
˻˭أ
ҶԺͻȻֳһ˵Ҵߵ칫ǰƿĻмҵһСƬ
ƬûһհףһдżСʫһ컨ʢĻ԰żž¹⣬ǶȴܵĹ
Ҷ綢ſƬϵǰհףհףף½Ԫס
ҶͻȻЦСյĻûһĹ
͵½Ԫ״绰
½ԪӦеæ绰˺һűͨ
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ҳǼʫô½Ԫ׳ԵӻͲﴫҶĶ΢΢
ƬϵǼʫԺġŸĳ򡷣ʫĺͷһ䡰Ҫ£±ߣͼžҸλá
һ뵽ҶĶ˺죬Ҷ˵дò
绰ͷ½Ԫ׵ЦϲҺܿġǰ㷢ţһҲûأһΪԼˡ
ϰˣеæҶ˵磬Է
½Ԫʣȥǹ˾¥µ𣿡
Ȼԣڿҵѡ
Ҷ绰δ䣬ԭڲˮͬһԵķص˲ңǡ仰۾˲ɴԭСѣ
ҶԷ̽ĿӶ⣬ȻԹԵ˵ϼ
ãϽóܶ
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½Ԫһ˲Ц˵ãҶ޶˴һɳ
Ҷϵ绰ŻƿһͻȻԼ½ԪǸǵľ
½Ԫ֪֪ȤܻģҪǣԴ˾˻Ժ󣬰ְæŸ½ԪƣͲȥˡ
һߵ½ԪԸҪ°֮ǰһг
㶣Լܲ´ԽԽˣԸȣϲûб¶ֻǾʵгʲôҪ𣿡
½ԪһߴļһͷҲ̧˵̫ˡ
 

013˽̽

°֮ǰҶֽӵ˰ȵĵ绰֮ǰаȰ˽̽˵ҵһҵõģԼ档
Ҷ˽̽Ϊ˲Լҩ£֮ǰýͷǣһֱûʱ˼£ʱҪŪˡ
㣬Ҷ׼ʱ°࣬˰칫¥Ϳ˲Զ½Ԫ׺г
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Ҷ߹ȥгϡһ棬ʡ
ȹڣ˵߰ɣǳԴˣܽǰֱߣҹչ·ڡ
˵꣬ȴû½Ԫ׻ͷЦſһֻֻԼϣһ˵˲ſߡ
ҶԼһصϷˣʾƵ½Ԫ׽ʵĸһѣ˭֪½Ԫȴɴһ˵·ָлá
Ҷ缱æջԼ֣һȻҲϷ½Ԫ׵½ԪΣڽѹֻܹԹԵﳵˡ
Զķᣬװµóֻİ˿ţ׽˴СѡۡһĻ
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Ҷѡ˿ӣ˵Ҳû˵ʱֱӸԱ˲һǾԵġ
½Ԫײ̫ܳһٷԵȫޣ׿ܲõļˡ
ҶһԿúܿģʱʱЩȸߵĲˣ½Ԫܲĥɴ˵ԼѾԱˣȻʼſȪˮһغȡ
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½Ԫ׼Ҷšüͷ˳Ŀ⿴˿ʵʶˣ
ҶͷЩܵ˵Ǹеδ򡣡
ŵģ֪˼ҺҶ˻ǳ½ԪȻҲ֪ûжʲôֻĬĬظҶ˵ˡ
Ȼ˸С˳Եû㿪ġҶסڽ½ԪײгؼңֻȻ⳵˾ǰ½ҵ˾
ڶ죬Ҷ羫ȥ˹˾񲿵˲Ѿòˣȴûҵ˶˹˾Ǯĺۼ㻻ٲһ˲ᣬ˳Ѽӹ˾˲Ҳһۡ
ȵʱȥ˰Լ˽̽
˽̽п£һֱãίиҲʧ֡
ҶԼҪίе¸˵ˣ˵ϵϸϸڣȻ˵Ǯ⣬ʹĿϣ³֮Ҹ˫ĳ͡
ЦЦڲôӲãһᾡѼϢġ
ҶҲЦЦȻͬ֡
ǩЭ飬ͻȻ˵һ䣺£Ѿҵյйίˡ
ΣҶһ㶣ʵǰεҵ˭
ⲻܸ㣬Һÿλ˿ǩĶбЭ飬֮ƽԼҲҪһЩ
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014¶

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ְָҶĵĶٰʱҶ˻Щ㱵ġ
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Ҷε̾˿̫ˣŸ˼˻飬ϸҪ޵˼ȥ˼ʲôõģ
ҶͷЩԭǲͬҶĸ˾ģһǹ˼Ҷ磬룬һǶԹ˼ϴ˻Թԣǹ˾Ǽ˵Ƿʱ˼ͱ˵̬ȣȻ޷ͻ
ҶƽɣξȻ̬ȼ˵ʲôҲҪ˾飬ͬ⣬Ϳʼʳ绰ĽȰȴȻɶ
ֱ⣬ĸŮܿ᲻ãֻõͷͬ⡣
˼ӣ˵ǽһ죬ǶʹҴѡӡ
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֮󣬹ҶҾͿʼΪæΪʱִ٣Ҷ綼ȥæ
ҶҶ˳ǵңٴֱзشˣͬʱҶСŮǽ˴Ůδ£Ҳǲ෹̸ʡ
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ʱת˲ҶĶ鵱죬ģҲȣǸѵõĺ
ҶһϮɫϵĵЦţŹ˾ĸ첲Ⱥһ˫۾飬ʱʱزͷԵĹ˾һۡͷϡϺͲıʯʣεۻ
Ҷĵ˷ܼ˾ԵЩѵȻҲЦЦӦꡣ
Яϯ̨˵Ĵ£ʼ˶ʽ
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Ҷ翴ʼϷ˵ϣһǵͤƵҪץˣһҲʮ죬ӦĶһʱȴе벻
ҶҶ飬˳ͷ˼ˣвýߣҶ·ǵʱ򣬶յ

ҶͷһۣͻȻʼĵڶ˭ˣһڿȹݵǸˣ
ҶĵʱʶǸ˵ģҩй
Ҷ뵱ʱΣԼҶĵı飬ԽԽľڿȹ˿ܲڲɷãڽͷ
ϯ̨ϣ׼ڻԳҶ۷˵˾ҰѾܾˣõ˾ҵ⣬ϸվһ𣬶˵Ҹ
Ҷڵĳ飬˵˾ѾϹ˾ܾˡ
ԺĶһҶİ˾˾ȴδҶĲŻ֡
Ҷ绹ǵյ죬Ҷ绰ף˳ʱĶ
ƵزģദʮþȻôԼ
ҰһվȺʧǵؿԶϯ̨ΧбǽšǸԣʮͬؿ
Ҷһлδֻ߹ȥߵҶǰҩ˾ǲΪʲôôԼʮûаԼ
׶Ƿ׷˵Ŷ׼˵ףҶȴڲϱֻʣԼһˣһµϡΧϲӯӯΨҶһ桭
 

015±£

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ǸӾڻûأһǾͻˡ
ǣүȴֱ˵ռܲòãȥ˼һ¸顣
½Ԫ׹ڼĥһڶβʱ򣬴;ͻ
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½ԪЦЦ̹׵س˵ҶҵĹҶ硣Ȼүү磬ǿ϶Ѿ˵ģҲûҪڡ
½ү˿ڲ裬˵ҲСˣҪϲҲƮƮģ·ӵ¡
ȷʵеϲҪҶռгԱҵҶġ½ԪԵط˵½үһޡ
ү˵粻˳٣ҿ˼ҲҪͣ˽ȵˡ
үүģ
½үص˵ͷ½ԪڳǰԽ̵ģʱĳԺͺңҲΪʲô½Ͻԭ
½Ԫڼһĥ䣬ȸϵ˼ҵʱ򣬶ʽѾˣ˸ɸ˼Ҽ˸Ǹָ鶫˼䣬Ȼȥ˶¥ϢңһֱϢ
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Ҷ󷽵ظҶߣҶһԹŭô⵷Ҳ̨ġ
ЩģǳҶ缸䣬Ҷţһ·¥ֱȷ̸֡
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û֤ݵ£㻹Ǳ˵ĺáҶҶǰĵСģ˲ͱˡ
Ҷ練ȷɣΪʲҪôôʮĽãΪʲôҪң
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Ҳ֪ϲ˾Ҷɤ૵ǿЦҶ֪ԼþȻôң޲Ҫȥ
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Ҷ˵꣬ͻȻҶߵ¥ݿڣһҪȻʯ֮Լ¥Ϲȥ
¥µҶĵļæϿֻҶıҶ¥
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ҵӣоȻһҪʹȥ
˾ǰҶıڻҶĻסȣ˵ۣҵȺˤˡȻȻʲôƵԼСأǵĺأҶӺۡ
ԣҽϾˣϾͲˣԺ󻹻еġ
˾Ҷģ̧ͷŭվڶ¥¥ݿڵҶ磬ʣΪʲôҪΪʲôǿˡ
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һԵĸ˹һ뵽ôûˣָҶû뵽ĳȻôݶĿã㺦
ʱҶҲȺＷ˹ιȥСŮֿҶ磬̳ﴳ˰͵ˣͻȻ磬㵽ʲôã
Ҳ֪ˣûû
ҶʹޣһСûˣܲƵģȴҲΪġ
µıͷ׷״ָҶ磬˵ΪʼɾͰԼ¥ݣָá˵Ҫץ
мߵ¥ҶҶ˼ɣǳ嶯Ҷ磬¥ݿڡ
¥¸ָӿ䣬˶ָû˵Ļ
ҶԼΨһСҲҪ̮ˡ
ͻȻһʵţһֻůסͣ֡
£ڣ֪û
Ҷ͵ػϤǷ
 

016Ů

½ԪװӵҶ磬Ұһ£˵乫
һ¥ĳԽ˸ȣɻضͻȻð½Ԫס
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ⲻ½ҳ½εܲ𣿡ֹСպΧһȦ
˳ǣû˸Ҳ½ӣҺܿ춼ֹס½Ԫ׼˵
½Ԫףһ˼ҵصģղŴ¥ϣײҶλС˵ܿʱͻȻҶС´˸С㷴ӦҪȥʱѾ¥ˤȥˡ˵½Ԫ̾ϢһϧҵʱеԶҪҲһˡ
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ЩָҶֶҡ
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ԽԽʵ֪½ܸҶʲôϵϵӰӰ˵Ĺԣ
½Ԫ׽˽Ҷϵ֣ǣɫͻȻЩᣬ˵ңڸ罻Ⲣ˵࣬½˳ڵĳɾͣòˣ½ҵ粢ûҶġ
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Ҷͷɬ˵лл㣬պʲôҪҰæģһ岻ݴǡ½ԪװԼһպлĳŵǷˡ
˵꣬תҪߣ·½Ԫ׵ʱȴγס֡
ҪĸлĻαصȵպھһûᡣ
½ԪߵҶǰɫ˿ƽᣬ·һƵġ
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ʲôʣŬƻۿ
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Ҷһ˲Ϳʼƴ½Ԫ°ϵʹ̲סһ½Ԫ׳ɿݵļ϶ͷǻɨ¡
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Ҷؿڼ̧־Ҫ½Ԫ׶⣬ȴ½Ԫһס󣺡ôղŻ˵岻ݴǣҪˣ
Ҷص
½ԪЦһֵ˵˵ͻȻϣղȷʵҿۣ˼һôҶֻô
в
Ҷ߬ȭͷָ׼ҪһŴ˵ҿԴӦ㣬ܸиޡ
ޣ½ԪЦЦɿ˵ζˣҵŮѵʱ򡣡
ҶۣЭصͷ
ڹԮְֶڻıʵҶĵⱲӿ¶Ҫˡ
õԼҪĴ𰸣½ԪָֻǰᡣӻͳһݸҶ磺ɣʣµһ㴦ģؼҡ
ҶܾǿҪȥҽԺ
ҪȥҶģǵҶҶ屾ͲãôľţŲס
½Ԫײݾܾذ˵ȥ
 

017

½ԪװҶ͵ҽԺʱҶĻûд˼һȺ˺Ҷ⣬϶ŻȻ
һҶ磬ͬһ㣬ſھʵ˭ģ㻹ӺĲ
½ԪײüƳ˸һۣƱƵ˺һ
Ĺ˳ԸŴ½ԪЩС߾˵黹ûжۣҽԺʲô½Ҳǹ˼ǵġ
ҶӸֱߵҶǰ£ס˵ְ֣ûġ
Ҷ·࣬˿ŶЩҰܣеҶ֣û˵
㲻ңҶֲǰƢʱ϶ҪٸҶһģҶڵ״̬ʵ̫ˣ뵽ͺͺĿ
ίȰҶְ֣ҪȥڲϢһɣĳʱȥ㡣
Ҷ·ŻعջһֱҵĿ⣬ͷƣ˵ٵȵȡһͷƽʱһ˿ͷĶ˼ơ
ɫ̫ãȥϢһ°ɡһԵĹ˾ҲȰĿȴҶϡ
½Ԫײźۼصм䡣
˾ջĿ⣬ȰҶ˵Ҫһĳģᵣĵġ
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һʿҴҵ˳˾һ˸չȥʿʾⲻҪ·ܹǰ˲䣬һ䣺ڴѪڼѪ
Ҷվ˻Σ۾һ˹ȥ
Ҷ羪һæҪȥȴ½Ԫһסͽ˲Զʱ绰ҽΡ
һæ꣬ȷҶʱûµʱҶڲߣͷ½Ԫ˵лл
ҲϢһɡ½ԪѵϵףҶϣȥ濴ţ㡣
½Ԫ׻Ǹǰһ·һСʱǰЦű˲
ҶЦѾ˺ˣмװȥıҪ
һ﷢̫࣬ҶҲеججɴʲô룬ڰְִǰ
ԶҴٴδ򿪣γҽ
ӹѪѪ̫࣬ѪֹҪг˵ӹ
ʲôҽ䣬ͼггӹûӣûӹôǹ˼Ҽ̳𣡡
裬ҽԺ˾εؿ˸һۣɫҲЩᣬʵûİ취ֻ
ҽ̾˿˵ץʱгΣյġ̨ŮᣬϧȴҲûеĸ׵Ȩˡ
Ǿ͡
ԲУ˾û˵꣬ͱϡѾӵڶζˣҪ˻飬СѡϱˡңΪҶ˲˻飬ǹ˼ҵһһڶӵĻҶıҪӹҪӣ
֣˾ؿԼĸףϣȰ˵һ¸ǹ˳ȴ̾˿˵һǲûп
½Ԫվһ߾ؿϷ̨֪ϵҶĿ᲻ڸ˾飿
ֱҽýߴپʱ½Ԫײǰ˵ھɣȫΪһܱסͺãĶҪθҶĵĽѵɡ
ҽõ𸴣æֻصڡ
ŵǿûµֱ½Ԫ׶½ȥһڣƫ˼½ҵȨƣֱӸа壬һ˦첲ֱŹ˳ؼȥˡ
˾˿ңֿ˿ĸ뿪ıӰűɥ̾˿
Ҷĵӹժܳɹ۵Ҳ˴ֻһֱţĸĽ浸ϵҽԺԿ
Ҷ֪СŮĲ飬һʱҪιȥҶɴҲסԺҽԺúõ
ҶĸԼҩݺԼ£ҶûҶǰһٴ̼Ҷ𣬶ֱҶһ׺Լ·Ǳָʹģ٣ҶĻûбܿҶҷý
Ҷָ´һǮúѼ֤ݣһҪĻָʹ߸
ʱֻȥ˶̶һ죬Ҷȴظ췭
 

018

˾Ϸ£ýѹûиҷ쵽ڶ࣬һҹ֮䣬˳ǵȦӶ֪¡
˵ҶΪһ򣬷ĿɳģҲ˵Ҷ½ԪףԹ˾һмˣΪҶҼҲĳͻԶ󿪣½Ԫס˾Ҷ缰ҶĽҰȴı¡
֮Ҷֳһζ뵽֮ǰý屬йĺϣ׻˵޷粻ˣ˳ǵңĬĬذҶ޳˶ϱŮѵ⡣
ͬʱҷ׷׶½Ԫױʾͬ飬һǱҶƭˣŻᵱԼŮѣϧ½ҵΪ
Ҷ˵ʱƵҪ½Ԫ׺ƭвô½Ԫ׷ܺߣ
̲סָ½Ԫ׼һʡ
ͬʱ½լ½үҲȦﴫԡ
ôȥμӸ磬ֳô½үʵ
үүԩˣ½Ԫ޹˵ֻȥأһСײ˱˵ıȻʲôĴҲܿԼŮ˱۸ǣ
ʼգ½Ԫ׵ĿģҶĸԸԼߡչ½ϲҵ½үӵĴ㡣
Ҷһֱ˳ǡZĽг½ҲĿؽгϧгҶҰռţҵչٲά衣ʹ½ҶҺıչҶҲһֱܽ˿ûгݶ˼
귿زչͷãҵչǰʮֿɹۡ½Ҷʳ⣬ȻҵЧ΢ǵǿԿݾ
ҶûжӣҶٽԸЩҵҲҪŮġ
ǡԼҲϲҶ磬½үӲŶּɡǣǰҶ粻ڣҪֵܲ÷ˣǷг½үҲһŮ½Һڵġ
Ȼ˾ϵ´үӵۡ
½Ԫ׽˵ЩԶǼٵģ絥ĺܣûôĻ˵үүҵ۹𣿡
½үӺһ˵Ǿ͸ϿˣԴȥʲô
½ԪгЦЦ֪ˣүү
Чʺܿ죬ڶһ磬½Ԫ׾õҶĸ˾ϡ
˾֮ǰҶģûڸҶ˻һ֮ϲҶģһϲҪĵز
пǹ˾ȸҶĵĶӣȻ˼ҶңòҶ綩顣Ȧĺλ£ʼ
½ԪҶµ٣ȻջС
ʾҶǰҶͨС칺һЩҩƷмԴҩһЩȽϵ͵ĶƷҶյ죬˾ҪΪҶףȴҶܾ˾ʧ֮¾ȥưɺȾƣ֮Ҷİ˽ߵģǲû˰ͻع˼ңȥľƵ꿪˷ڶһ磬һǰһ뿪Ƶġ
Ҷĵûи˾ôҩö֪йŮ˻һϣҪ˵ûʲô½ԪҲǲŵġ
½ԪȻ뵽½ƵҶԼ׵龰Ҷ統ʱǱҩġ
һ˼ֳԸٽŲ飬Ҷϣҩ˸Ҷûйϵ
ͷҪ뿪ʱͻȻӵҽԺĵ绰
˼˵͹Ҷ˵绰½Ԫ׻㱨˵ҽԺĵ绰˵ղҶˣܲȶڳĽ浣˭Ҳýӽ
½ԪЦһ˿ϵϣ˵ѵøպãھȥҶСʸɡ
ҶݺҶʵڸʹԼĿ֤֤ȻҶ޹ġҶܺߺһˣҪսεԣҪ壬ѼЩϣϾͷ
 

019²ί

½Ԫ׸ϵҽԺʱȥ̽ҽԺҶ
Ҷɫ½Ԫʱص˵ͷǵ½Ԫ׶ԼŮάʱЩĶ֣½ԪȴᶨƵվΪʵ̫ѵˡ
ҶסԺ⼸죬½Ԫÿ춼½ԪûЩӵܵİΪǫֲңҶ͡
ҶԭŮﶨŻ£½ԪѡοҶ˿һԵĴŮѵ໥ϲ
Ҷ翴ְֵı飬֪Լڸ½ԪΪˣֲ˵ʵ飬ֻһ
оôûкõ㣿½ԪװѴĲƷźãߵǰʵ
Ҷöˣ½ƽʱæÿ춼ҵġ
ЩӦõġ½ԪЦЦǰȻסҶ֣Ҷüȴû
Ҷ˽յֻ֣жЩο뵽˹˾
ԴҶסԺ˾ֻΣĺòѣ̫ȶ绰֪ͨ˾ҽԺģ˾Ȼܾˣ˵Լ̸һҪĺͬ
ܹ˾ǲǹУҶ𶼺ıŮڹ˾ﾹȻȲһݺͬԽԽõӦͬĸ˼Ҷ飬ֵĲˣҲܵӰ졭
Ա½ԪףҶͻȻã粻ϼ޸˾ǶԵģϧСŮȴ͸
½ԪָҶ˼䣬ȻǵҶҽ컹бµҪæҽԺ̫ã˵
ҶͷһԵҶ˵½ܰɡ
Ҷ粻鲻Ըص˵ͷ½Ԫһ˲
½ԪǰţҶͷһԵظں棬ʵϣԴӽ½Ԫ׿ʼû˵һ仰
ǰͷ½ԪͻȻֹҶһʱһͷײĺ󱳡
½ԪתЦղֶӦôôͶͱˣ
ҶһۣûĵЦ˵Ҿ͵ˣ½ߡ
˵꣬ŤͷߣûͻȻͣԥʵҪȥҶ𣿡
ߵĲǵݿڵķ򣬶ҶĵĲǰͷԶϸõ϶
ҴӦ㣬ʣµҪ㴦ġ½Ԫ˵
ôԸҶʡ
Դ֪½Ԫ׵ݺ˿½Ԫ׽µģҶıƵ̫ݣֳʲôµĻҶܲס
½Ԫ֪ʲôο˵İɣֻ˵仰ʵôġ
ʵٸҶĵѵڲǺʱֻȼˣԺˡ
½Ԫ˵꣬Ҷͷȴƫͷ㿪ˡüɴֱǰƿǽϣһǽڣһ°ȥ
ҶСѲֻø߸Ьȥ½Ԫ׵Ľţ½ԪʹһȴûзſԽԽ
Ҷ϶㣬ֺݲļȣֻջؽţ½Ԫ˸
½Ԫ꣬ȻڻʵղΪʲôˣˣ
㣡
Ҷ͵̧ȥȣȴ½Ԫ׻ض˹ȥ
ſңҶȴûƶ
ϾҽԺʱʱͻҽͻʿ·һô죿
̧ͷ½Ԫף۽ǻǹµɫɫͫ΢΢˸
½Ԫһ˲룬ͷ۾һ£֤һ˵ԺҲίˡ
Ҷ类ĻŪ㶡
ֱ½Ԫɿ뿪ŻعıӰ̵û㣬Ҿһί
Ҷ磬½Ԫ׾ֱȥҶĵĲ
ָڷãһŮ˵洫˳
½ԪŽȥһ۾ͿҶĲԵŮˡòҶмƣͷԺ󣬿ƯҶĵĽ㡣
½ܰģĽ海ιҶĵĳʳɫƣʵ
֮ǰҽԺ½Ԫףϵݡ
½Ԫ׵˵ͷ
ҶȴͻȻץϵͷ˳ȥ˭Ҫ
Ľһ߰ģһͷҲ̧ظ½Ԫ˵˼½ܣܲ˴̼ʲô»վſ˵ɡ
ºͺͣ˵ȴ롣
½Ԫһܲ˵ؼǰߣûϵȻöС㰲Ķ
Ľ¶һ٣תͷʵ½⻰ʲô˼
ѹ֮½Ԫ׻ΪҶҹĳ嶩鵱£һӦԵķҶװܴ̼˭Ҳ½Ԫ׸ղŵĻƺѾغһС
ĽЩĻš
½Ԫû⣬Թ˵С㵥˵仰ܻرһ¡
ܣڸѹκδ̼ˡĽ浼ᶨؾܾ
ӦС½Ԫױ˵óһƬҶǰ
ƬҹĵģЩ谵ǽǸſֵŮϵģԱˡ
ҶĿƬԼһ£Ȼ
˲ϵᣬһɫĸ˵裬ȳȥɡ
 

020»û׷

Ľ뿪֮½ԪװѲ鵽˦Ҷǰ
㵽ô¥ˤģҵʱҶķϣֻó¸޹ؾͿˣ򡪡½Ԫ׼ЦЦ˵˾֪˻顢ϴһƳģ᲻ٸ飿
ҶĶ֣һŵطɢڴϵϣԭȲŵһϣ˾
ô鵽Щģʿˮɬʵ
˲֪ǼĪΪ
½ԪóֻͷҶģ㿪Ƶ¼ƣڿʼɣҰ¼Ƶý塣
Ҷ԰׵žͷЦЦȴȿ޻ѿ
½ԪײüֻЩͷϷӦǶСó𣿡
Ҷĵָ׼ҪԺƴŹ˾侲һ½Ԫ˵ģžͷԼʧˤ¥ݵģҶ޹أϣҲҪţƻǽ֮Ĺϵ
½ԪشӲ뿪ʱҶļѵصڴϣͻȻСĵ
Լ˾ĺӣûӹҶȴȻȻΪʲôҪɹҶڽµʱ򣬻ͻȻðһ½Ԫף
ҶҧҶĺ޸һ㡪ˣһŹ
˾߽ʱ򣬾ͿҶסСһۡ
̾˿ǰҶĵĶͷòҽҽ
Ҷŷֹ˾ˣæбڴͷ˾ЦЦû£㹤æˣ
ϲԹ˾ԵʮֿģӶôˡ
˾̲ס̾˿Ҷ꣬һֱÿҪǾƺԣºҶ̥ᣬ뵽ԼһҪСö飬飬һ
ҶģҶĻĺӣڻ˲ˣҪ͵ְƽ˵
ٴ˻飬ҡҡͷҶѾжˡ
Ҷ̾һΪԼԼԺˡ
Ҫ˻𣿡ſǻʵܾ̿С¹
ģ˾ѵˮһĶͷڲ䣬ǽ飬ںӣʱкˡ
ҶΪЦ˽˾Ļһ˯ˡ
ߣ½Ԫõ¼ֱ֮ӽý巢ֽýϡ½Ԫ½ҵ巢ܺѾʵ֮࣬˹Ҷ磬½һֱ䷢ʦ
Ȧ˿ҶĵƵԼ½ǿӲ̬ȣ붼ѾҶ޹ġ򣬾½ԪһʱɫϣҪҶ磬½һһλ½үүּ䰮½ҵĻŮԼϱġ
ǣҶҽΪ˺ͼҲĿԽɢֿʼ̸½Ԫ׸Ҷ
½Ԫڹ꣬عֵ͵úܣö˶ڹ˼Ҷϲʶ½ܲüȳòʣҶòȷʵ䣬ֻǲ֪ʲôʱϵģ
ϣ½Ԫ׶ҶάҲ˽ֵҶ缴Ϊ½ҳϱ£϶˲СĽ
һȥڹ˼ʢĶ֮ͷ˵½Ԫ׺Ҷ硣
˾Դ绰µЦ½Ԫһͨ½Ԫǣ䰲ȵ£˾Դˣֱ½Ԫ״ӦƿصĺƣŻָ
Ҳ½Ԫ״˵绰ȲЦҲףصġ
ҶģʵһʼͲ󿴺ˡ
Ȼ½Ԫ˵
Ϊ˸Ҷҵĺϲʵ
ʲô𣿡½ԪײΪ˵ҶȢ
ڵ绰ͷ̾˿Ԫףǲǻû壿
½Ԫ׵ǰŮѣҲǳ˼˷ԣ½ԪһȴҲûܴӹ
֪ôģȴؼǵ½Ԫ׵ʱжʹ࣬ȥ⿴ʱ򣬼ϲԼǸ緢ĺѡ
½Ԫ׺һûпѾ˴𰸡
Ҷ粢ʺ㡣Ȱ
Ҷңʮ֮ĽϾ֪ƢжУֺ⣬Ҫ֪½Ԫֻ潻ĹߣָҪֵ췭ظ
δ½ԪףһĹõѡ
½ԪüʺϲʺԼİɣзִ硣
˵زҲȰǺãһȰ㣬ľˣһǰ׼ǵĶġ
ҶڶԼ̬ȣ½ԪЩ˵ڻû׷ء
绰ͷļعЦ
 

021ˣå

ϴνҶĵ£½ԪҶ类ҩʼĩһ磬µȥϵݵǰ
½Ԫ׷ǰϣӲĸֱʱʼ⣬ﰵ޵ʱҶĸŮ̫ʴˡ
ԭҶƽװľɣʵһֱڼҶ磬ټҶ˹˾ͶҪҶ˼ĸĽ浵֪Ժ󣬲ûȰ裬ڱΪıߡ
Ľ浵ļƻǣҶյһ߸Ҷҩָʹַռͨý峹׸һҶĳù˾ģ취ϴԴù˾ϧ
ǵʱ׼˶ƷҶȾʱҶĿͻȻķ֣ղûжҶ綯öƷ
½ԪԺһҶ类ַȾ϶֮ӣŭؼɱˣ̲סʧִϵĹŶƿ
Ѽ֤ݣҶٿ죬ʣµǼСආȫˣ½Ԫɫ˵
ͷ۾˵ǵѼϵʱ򣬷ֻбҲڲС¡
˭򷢻ȥ֪ԽԽá
֪ˡӦһ뿪½Ԫ׵İ칫ҡ
½Ԫ׷ؿǰļͻȻû˼˼ץǰ˰ֱ࣬Ҷҵİ칫¥ȥ
еҶ硭
ԴӰְסԺԺҶİ칫صӲŲܾ칫ңʼҶָ½Ӵ˾ҵ
ҶҴµĲҵӣͷǽģҶνЩҵ֪ʶѧϰǿҲЩæңԭûк˶Ŀֻñʱ
Ҷɵ½ҶںĿϣʵϰҪȥ½ϰ칫ˣڹ˾ϤĿĽչ
Ҷ翴һĿܺݣطͻȻֻ
Ҷ羪һ飬ʱɵ⣬ʾȻǿ´ġ
нˣҶ绰ʵ
ûУˡź˵ѾѲֳ˻ˣİӲ鲻ȥˡ
ΪʲôҶüͷʵ
´˹ֹңжеҲ鲻ȥˡ
Ҷ֮ǰ˵ҲϢһ룬Խɻ󣺡ǱҵǸ𣿡
ǡնط񶨵ֹҼȥˣ㲢ûж⡣
ֻܸôˡ˵꣬ҶʣعҶ˵绰
Ҷʮźܲ뵽ҶĸԼҩ£п϶Ľ浵ֽţܾ鲢ô򵥣ָеߣϧһж޴ӵ֪ˡ
Ҷ֧ԴҶĵ£ﻹǾþòͻ
ͻȻ칫һɧֵԼİ칫Ҹ
Ҷɻ칫ȴͻȻƿ˷ߵǰŰ칫һѰ
Ҷ类½Ԫͻأľٶһ㶣͸뿪ſ˰칫ʮ˫Ե۾æŰ½Ԫƿ
½ԪȴɿͬʱֵͷȥŰ칫һſһλԱĵظԼҴС˰칫ҵš
㡭ˣҶ˺ݺƿ㷢ʲô裡
Ǹ½Ԫ״ؿ˵̫ԼŮˣһʱѡ
½Ԫ׵ѱһ˽һЩĿ䣬ֱֱضһ˿ʱܻĴ
Ҷ۾ⶼź̲ס²ۣ½Ԫˣåˣôֱ׳ˡ
üԹǰ칫ңͷôԱô˫۾Ժô칫
½ԪװٵҶǰ˵Ѿ°ʱˡ
ϵĻеֱʯĥı⻬Өͷʾʱǡ
Ҷߣֱӵͷϣʵأ
ԣ½ԪЦЦͻȻҶ˵ϰô࣬°˵ȻҪŮ֮ġ˿ֵ¡
Ů֮ġֵ£
Ҷڵֺ͵غһ㿪㡭Ҫ
½ԪײֻˣåһͷβåԭȵȻװġ
ҸԼŮԼᣬȥԸĶͲҪˣ½Ԫ׷꣬Ϸʵؿ˵ҶС㣬뵽ʲôҪ°ɣ
ˣåҶ½ԪԲһȼһ½Ԫף˵
½ԪǰĴ۾ָֻ̬ǰ᣺߰ɣȥõط
 

022ºŵ

½ܲôŴСȥԼˣ
Ҷ뿪칫ҶϵԱ໥üŪ۵طϢ
½ܳú˧
һŮԱһյضſڣþûջ۾ԵͬһԴ˵ˣɱ밡ǿǴСѡ
ҿû룬ŮԱع㻹˵С½վһǰ䣬׵һԽͯŮ
ĽɣҸǣǰʱ䣬һײС½ܵԼֳأ˸Ǻãһ·˵Цġа֪½ܵʱǿʲôӴСгϱһͷŴС㣬Ϧϣǲ֪龰жҵķպ·Ҳż˰ԵĻ⡣
ܳг㲻ῴ˰ɣǰͷͬŤͷŵʵ
Ȼġͳֻ㿪ᣬػ˼£㿪һƬݸλͬ£㿴ҵʱյģûƭǰɣ
һȺ˺ضչȥҪֻÿﴫһ顣
Ƭϵ½ԪгϣһֻŵŵأԵȷǳŤڳҶ˵һֻֻԼϣҶ簲гϣͷ΢Ʈ˼ƣǳЦšɫϦϣгǰŵǶտܰ
ô죿ͻȻе㼵ʴСˡֻǸŮͬ˵
ջֻ˵ʲôüʵģ½ֻǴС㣬ԼˣҲܵģʱ۾ͻͲ½ܺˡ
ޡϵһŮͬؿ̽ʵ֪ôѾҵԼˣ
㡭˵ʲôءͻȻŹɽߣŤͷܻ˲ңͣͬ¡
ԱԵҶ磬½Ԫ״ȥ˺ߣ˳Ųɳ̲ϣźɳ̲ߡ
ˣ߾˲ˣҶ½ԪĿĵɳ̲ţΧȻȴƽ͡
Щĳࡢѵʹͳͳ̵ĺ紵ɢˣֻʣ¿غߵġ½Ԫס
Ҷ͵͵ؿ½ԪһۣĸоЩӡ
ְָ˵֮ǰýıͻȻʧҲ½Ԫ׵ֱʡĿĵؽӽԼ벩ԼĺøУΪʲôʼնûж£
ټĵ£½ԪһֱڰԼƭ⣬ƺȷʵҲûֵ¡
ţҶͻȻһܵĺײһһȣʶȥקбǰ½Ԫס
½Ԫûзקһ򣬽µɳ˾˺ţ뵹ɳ̲ϡ
ص˲䣬Ҷſ½ԪϣŵҶ˵һ
½ԪװһִֻҶϣ˵ҶС顣
ǱײģҶҧ˵˫ֳɳɿ
˵úܽ˵伸Ϣ
½Ԫ׵ĺһְֻҶĺףӲǰͷѹҧҶ촽ֱ
ҶоϵֻƨϣµĳﶥĴȣ
ջظղŵ뷨½Ԫһֱڶֵ£
Զ˴˿ڣҶʹ½Ԫҧһڣ½Ԫʹһ¶Ķͣȥ
ҶûվŤͷߡ
½ԪҲסϵ˿ڣЦǸˣôͶͱҵȻзӦ
ͶͱǱײģҶתǿ˵
ʲô𣿽ұ˵ˣ½Ԫ˵ţͻȻѹңһ㶼ûʲô
㡭
ҶҪٷȴ½Ԫ״˵ˣҵĴҵǸԲ𣬱˺𣿡
½Ԫ̬ȼתֽ˵ýҪȥõطģǰûԹζǸòã
Ҷû˵õĻᣬֱӱ½ԪǿӲק˲Զĵǰ
½Ԫ׽˵ʳȻûвľ£ʤʺ֡
Ҷ粻ΪȻغһ½ܲþȻԴŵ
ҶͻȻ˽½Ԫ׶һ˵һλѣϲڴŵҸζСԣֵģԹΣҾζ
˵꣬½Ԫ״Ҷ磬ŵһ·ȥ߱߳ҶϲĿζ˼ơƣȻѡӣ˿ʼ
ƽʱԹ⿾ϸʳҶŵĺȷʵзζζʳָ󶯡
ҶӲԼθڹȥܿ½Ԫףĵس
½ԪһЦЦԼԼ˱ơƺȡ
ŵλΧһԲΣһª̨̨֧һֻ˷һܵ١
Եһʱ̨һŰѼһվڵٺǰոһβŲ֣̊һ׽໶Ӣĸ衣
̨ϵ˸ȾµʳǶҡҶҲʱ˲ǣŸζ
תõҶ磬ƳһԵ½ԪףȴĲɵؿ̨ԹԾơƱȸͣƺڻʲôĵ¡
 

023³ٵ

Ҷ˼ֱ̨ܿոȾһˣҶ˱˱ָͻȻλ̨
ҿռ̨׸𣿡Ҷߵʵ
ԸˬʣͷתͷָкȻͰ̨ϵ˷罻
Ҷеһѧ質ģСʱ򾭳һ߱һ߳
һǣԲԣҵϣǡ
Ҷһ֧˷磬۳˵סһǡ
ŰŤ񻣬紵ӳڹӰеġ
Ҷ۾󺣷磬ԽԽ˷ܣʼ̨µ˷ۡǡ
һǣԲԣҵϣ㡭
Ҷԭͳúÿʳڣ̨ϵĵƹһգԵң·Ҫ˵ĸڻˡ
̨µ˱һĹƺͺȲ½Ԫ׵ĿҲϣעӻг룬۶̨ϵǸռݡ
Ȼ촽ûҲҪ󣬾ġ
ʱȷʵ̨һǣ˭
½Ԫײûжֻǿαؿ
̨ϵҶѾ˸裬˾˸ֶл̨½Ԫ
½Ԫ׿˫鶯ɷ۾ͻȻƺûô
ͻȻеɺɷ˵Ҷ֣˴˺ŵ
ʲô
ҶģȴͻȻߣе㲻ã½Ԫָ˵㣬浽һɫҲ㣬ʲô˵㣬ǴӦŮѣûдӦڲ
½Ԫͣ½Ų˵ʱˣؼҡ
ˣҶ˦֣ҿɲԼһƼݵϡ˵꣬ͷҲصߵ·ߣһ⳵
Դŵ½Ԫ׵ɫͺܲԣֱǸ½Ԫйء½Ԫ״Ϊ˻λѣһ뵽͸Ӳˡ
ȥ
Ҷ˾˱ַ½ԪԼˣһϵĺ鵴Ȼ޴档
˯ʱҶһجΣݲǵˣֻ֪μ½Ԫףһͷ󺹵شʱԼȻˡ
Ҷ½Һİ칫½ϵİ칫¥½ϵİ칫¥˳ǳģϽͨӵ£Ҷԭӵ˰СʱǴˡ
Ҵϴϣֱӿȥ½ϰ칫¥·ʱȴסӲǱƬһţ̲ŷС
ŵʮ֣½ϰ칫¥
ĿҶԱڵȴǵ¸ˡ
ӹȥˣʼСֹ
һϰͳٵӿ湻ġ
˭˼ҶϵĴСأð
У¾ֵĿȶͻȻսһλܸˣⲻ͵𣿡
ȿȣᵽ¾ϼ˵ֹˣҶܾǲϤĽͨٵһ
¾ŵʮǾҪ½ͷˣҪǻȿɣһλԱ˵
ҲŸ͵ǰ¾ǻһЩϸûأۿûʱˡ
ֿ̧˿ʱ䣬ҲЩԥʱһŮش˽
˼ҳٵˡظ۸ţ˫շ죬һ·ܹġ
Ҷ粻˼ЦЦߵǰʮһȻҽ˵ҽҶ磬ӽʹһĿĺܱǸʱˡ
ԭȻ۴СӴˣ˲ŴͣСǸˣСҲ̫ƽ׽ˣ
ǰҲԼ˵ãĿʱˡ
Ҷ΢ЦŸ֣ϣԺǹ졣
졣ͷּ򵥸ʣµļλͬ£Ȼ鿪ʼ
޵ʱϸöھŵʮ֮ǰ깤½˶Խӡ
ڼ۵ʱҶ粢ûв죬ϸĵűʼǣ۽󣬲һЩ׵ĵط
Ҷ类ͻȻսĿҶΪ¾͵ģûĵ׾Ͷ˵ִɵȽˣܾѧϰģĿĹ˲١
һһΪҶʣҶǫѷѧϰ̬ҲܳԾ
ӡӵܶǽ竡ЩģǴӽĽӴҶƺȫûЩϰ
Ҷİ칫ңһ˼
˿̵ҶҲһ˼Ķأ
ԼԴܾĳϤȴһʱ벻Լйʲô
 

024³Դ

ڶ죬Ҷͱ½ϵĺϻ½׿Ȼ½׿Ȼ½Ԫ׵Ķ壬һֱҶҵĽĺ⡣
ʮ꣬ϰԵ΢΢üͷЩࡣ
ҶЦ֣ҽܣ½׿Ȼ˵ͷָܵ⡣
Ҷνջ֣Ц˵ԺҪ½ָ̡
̵̸ָϣߵλ¾ºοѧϰˡ
½׿ȻǶͣʵǶҶĲм
һԵźۼüֺܿιȥЦƵ˵½⻰ɾ˵ЦˣҲǱܾ꾭飬Ҫһܾͣʲϡ
½׿Ȼÿɷغһ
ҶҲ֮ǲû̯ĺϸ򣬳½׿Ȼ˹ȥ½ҿ¶ĺЩط΢еǷףҸ¾һĵط
ϸϣЩ䱻Ǻű˳еԱ߻дıעŰ򣬿һĿȻ
½׿ȻԭȻЩͷСû£ȿ֮󣬲壬ϸȥ
Щעɲ꣬ģɵĵطЩȷʵҶϵĿӣЩڵĺΣһ˹ͬʱһῴôϸ
ԭΪ㱻ҶҵеһƸҲ޷Ҷ羹Ȼͬĵطȫע˳
ļ̧ͷȿһְۣĿתҶ磺ҶŮЩ͵ġ
Ҷ˵½ź֮ͬûüϸҰҶܽܵĵ޶ע˳бҪĻ˫ԾЩһ¡
ˡ½׿Ȼļϣ۶Ҷ˵һ˰дͬ½Ҷκĳ⡣
½׿Ȼߵѹ£ҶȻЦ̹Ȼлл½ҶҲܿκ
½׿Ȼ뿪Ҷų˿ƤضգգۣΪҪ㲻ء
˵ܾȻڻ¡
ҶȴͻȻЦ˰ƨˣЩ˻㣿İɣѧϰģ͵㹦͵ġ
˵ţҶȭͷײһļ򣺡´β׼ƨˣһؿңţȻ̲סġ
Ҷ˳ƯЦŵʱ򣬿˵·Źӡ
ȭûȴãԼĿڶöȭͷһ¡
ҶЦʰϣԼİ칫ңž½Ԫס
ʲôЦôģ½ԪʵĿȴ̽ؿ
½ܡ򲻱ظк
ҶܿϵЦ⣬䲻ȵػش˵½϶˽ĺͬȻˡ
˵꣬ʵ֪½ʲôָ𣿡
½ԪЦ˽Ŀĺȣ˳㡪½ԪҶԼŮѡ
˫ԵҶ˹Ϊ˱½ԪӰͬµĹİ칫ңЩǿǹʱ䣬½עӰ죡
ֻѡ½ԪóԼһ˵ǡ
ҶһۣƲͷٸִ
½Ԫ׶ִ̬޶ãֹĵʵ½ϰ칫Ӧ𣿡
ҶشӦ¾˲ģæһж°빦½εĻһӦġ
Ҫʧˣ½Ԫװģ̾ϢһԺ½Ϻİӣתҽˡ
Ҷбһۣ˵Цˣһֱ帺ģҺ죬ʱһţͲ룿
½ϼڲȨҶҲЩ˵֪½Ԫ׸½׿ȻЩԸ½׿Ȼһֱ½ϾӪ½ԪײŸջعȣóȻ½׿ȻĿȻ൱ֱӶ½׿Ȼս
½ԪײΪЦȻԵ޹ʳĿ½ϵĿöͷ˲ֽš
˲½ϵˣҶͻȻʵ
½Ԫ׵ͷЩɻصΪʲôڲϡ
ҶҶϵĿ˲һ飬ȴʲôҲû֣ɾЩ½Ԫ׿ᵽǸ˵ˡ
ԥ˵ҶϵĿҲ˵⡭Ǹô˵ģܸܲܽʶ
ܰ½Ԫ΢΢ۣؿ˵Ҫһ¡
ÿ˾жڶˣƸ˴Ŀ£һҪһοĻʦȻǸʦ½Ԫ⣬ҶҲպÿá
һ£֮ǰ֪Ѿ׹ٴˣҶüڽ½Ԫ׵촽Ҫ뿪ȴ½Ԫ׽סǡ
½Ԫ׷Ϊ˻ͷƵҧһڡ
Ҷ糢˵Ѫζʹƿʵ㷢ʲô񾭣
ղŵҵ˱ˣڳԴס½Ԫһؽ͵
Դס֣Ҷһ½ϷݵҲ̫˰ɣȻΪ˸ŮѳԴףһǲǻҪŮ鰡
½Ԫڰ칫ԵɳϣŶ˵ֻҪӦҲԡ
˵ӽҲΪ˸ҶҶһĪʧ䡣
½Ԫ׻Ҫ˵ЩʲôͻȻڴֻһʾʸҶдһ룬Ȼ绰Ҵ뿪˰칫ҡ
½ԪµǴ룬ǻʦĵ绰Ҷź벦ȥ˵ԼĿģĻʦԥشӦվȥҶϿʼˡ
 

025´

ڶ죬ĿҶԱͽӵ֪ͨ˵Ժ½Ԫ׽ָҶϵĺ
½Ԫ׺Ҳæ֪ͨ´󣬽춼ûٳں
˵Ӧ½ԪףĵӦҶ磬Ҷ˿ͬʱﾹȻҲй˵ССʧ䡣
ĩؼҵʱҶݸһŴ뺯ҶύȦˣίȥԼļ
ȦܳһǮöˣȻҪ뵽ر᣻һ棬һԽǮԽԼõġʽ
˵ᣬʵļҲ࣬һ㶼ôעƷȻкõƷ֣Ǿͻˡ
ҶԵؿһƷ嵥ͷһöѪʯһǶʯ׹Ϊ⣬Ʒһ㡣
ȻͷЩӦ꣬ǿеظעҶҲֻܾ̾û˾͵ϡ
絽һ᳡ģûżȥڴ￴˱ڻȴͬ˵
Сôʵ
Ҷ°ָָǽϵıڻΣЩסˡ
̨ɽµıڻģɫ޸ˡҲͷڻϵЩo˹Ͻɫװԣѵõˮ½
ߵͼΪĲ㣬ްӷϲʮסʮ
ҶĽ˵ԭȻ濴ȴ̲סԵ̾벻¾ҵãҲܸߡ
ǴСˡ
ǫ˼䣬Ҷĺøи
һûһʱͻȻܹһСкһѱסĴȡ
Скһñӣװ׾ĺǿɰ
ְְ֣֡Скȣغְ֡
ӣҶЩԾǵδ飬Ѳ˽ӣ
ѵõغСкϳ׵ǰ˵СѣǲϴˣҲְ֣Ҳûжӡ
Скһ˲Ȼ̧ͷϸؿһͻȻû̿㲻ǰְ֣ΪʲôҪְֵ·
ԭϴְˡ
СкһҪ޵ģҶ绹̲סЦ˳һЦСк̲᳹סˣ۵һ
ްǰҰְ֡Ҷæҵذᡣ
أҪְ֣
СкΪҶ֮ǰЦҶ͵͵Ͽ˿
̾˿СкˣˣСӺôͿأ
ҲְˡСкҭ˵
㲻ˣȻһȥҰְ֣òãȰ
ǣǺðɡ
СкŬۿ˻ȥȻسҶС˼Ҫæϵᡣ
Ҷ翴ղſ޸ͣۻˣᣬھε˵Բ𣬽ղŲǹġ
ǰ̡СкͻȻ
ʲôҶȻе㷴Ӧ
˵Ҫа̡Ск͵
Ҷεԭأص̲סЦˡ
΢΢ƫƫͷСкѯһЩְֵʱһŸͬɫϵװˣҴ˹
˳Скһ
ְ֣СкϲػͷĻͳ˹ȥ
˸ĺװʽҲ࣬Ͷм񣬹ֲСһϴ
˰Ѻӱڻ˿˽⵽ʼĩ֮ЦŸ˵л
Ҷ򻹹ڻ̣ʵ˵ҿô𣿡
´һҶ磬Ҷѡ˼ɫͷΪױݻЩ죬ƽʱ˼ֻãȴƽ˼ԸС
ſţͻȻ
εؿѹ궯˵ǸСѵ迴Ƚᡣ
Ҷ磺
ͻȻ˴ӺסҶܾػͷ½Ԫףüһ£ϵȴյøˡ
ôȥڵ𣿡½Ԫһ£ʵ
Ҷ½ԪϴΡԴס£һЩֵľٶֻ÷ܵص˵ͷ
Ǿһȥɡ½ԪҶֱӽ˻᳡ʼնûи˵һ仰
ڵλ£½Ԫײźһ˵ԶͿ˵Цģĵúܿ
ΧǿλҶҲû˹˼ɣźһ˵Ǳȸһĵ㡣
½Ԫ۾鿴ЩΣգøղ˵
ҶηظӣǺֳԴˡ
˵ˡ½Ԫջߣ˵
֮ǰ˻άֻѹϵʲôʱʼ˱һͳˣ
Ҷ緳˿ҲŤͷٿ
 

026¾

˴ãǽȫתڻ︣Ժů縣ԺάָԺճӪڴˣлλʿܹʽʼ
˾Ͱ˳򣬿ʼһƷ
һƷǸԺӺһͿѻ̺ԶкŸɳ̲һСзÿֻзԼصɫǷֱɲͬĺӻġ
Ϳѻʮ򣬼ξƺҶмһ
ڹڣ۸ĻҲ࣬һļҲ㲻ˣ˺һһΣһΡ
½ԪȴͻȻƣؿڽмۣ򡣡
͵ĴᣬƷûʲôرղؼֵǴȥǮҲʲô֮Ȼ½ԪͻȻ򣬿ϲҶӣûپۡ
ǣһƷձ½Ԫá
ڽƷУҶٹƵģ½Ԫ׶һͻȻӼ۵ģʽϧԳ߼۰Ҷ翴еƷС
ʱɵҲó½ԪǸҶҵĴСˡ
ڲǰ˼ҵĶϣ˻ٯٯ½Ԫ׶Ҷάмӣô쵹ǳƵģ
˽һеģò˸ճܰɣ
˻ȻҶȴҪð½Ԫʵ㵽ʲô˼ѽƷԲˣ
½Ԫ׳ǰ治ԶƳһۣ˵ԼŮֻϲĶֺϣԭҡ
Χʱ˻ͷҶٲȻֳ˰ԵģΪ˱ٳͷֻε˵ԭˡ
˭֪½Ԫȴ˿ûֵ˼޷ԭԼҾȻҵ⡣
ҶǿסϷȥףǳԴˣ㲻ϲҸߵ̫
˵꣬ûסСԹ˵ҲΪ㽻Ͳٸ˽Ӵ˰ŮѣҲƶԷɰοǼٵġ
½ԪŤͷɫҲҪĽɣͼı졣
Ҷ練Ӧһʶ½ԪָкøС
⣬ôܣҶ粻š
½Ԫƶػش˵ˣ˿Ů˵񡣡
Ҷ粻ʱ磬ֻ÷Σ˵ҸҲ͹нԺ˽½һעġ
½ԪЦ££ɢͷ˵ƷһöѪʯеϡʱ͸㡣˼Ҳ˵ʣµЩƷٲ뾺ˡ
Ҷ糤һӦ粻½Ԫףֱҵ̸лۡ
ϣҶֹƷһܣһ˰˰ٶ
м䣬½Ԫһֱûپƣɵ˽ܵѪʯʱ½Ԫȴָ˾
ȻҾʵڳĸǱȴе㲻ᣬȫΪⳡǣͷˡ
ƺö½Ԫ׽мİʱ־ƺİʮ
򡣡½Ԫ׽׷ᣬڳû봥½ҵùͷû˾Ƶ˼
ȴٴξƣʮ򡣡
ҶϹȦ˶нҶλſӡ󶼺ܲʼģ½Ԫ׺ȥ󱣲׼ҪԼȫҡ
½Ԫײͷ׷żӼֱۣӷ˱һǧ򡣡
᳡˽ǸѪʯʵһ㣬Ҳɫϡ㣬һǧ򶼹ʮˡ
ûټмֻۣͷ½Ԫ׺зȵЦЦ
Ѫʯ½ܲУƷУļ۸һԷ׹
Σ½ܲúûٸžۡ
һ򵥵Ʒƻᣬ˽˸ͷչĺûᣬҲҶ𽻴ҶҪһڡ
Ҷһģֵĵطߣȴֱ½Ԫ״˸š
½Ԫֱ̧̧ۣ첲⣬Ҷεַȥ½ԪװһҵͷǰһһΪ
λҶҴС㣬Ҷ磬Ҷϵ⣬ԺϣԽԽġ
ҶҪ½ԪûŮѵԼһ̾˵ϣԺλ岮ܶһ磬ҿ᲻ܶί
ΧһȺ˶Ц
һڳǰҶ˸
½Ԫ״Ⱥ̸Ц˳ֽ˲˳˵ϻ˸ʶÿⲻҪȾƣҶ绹С½Ԫδ˴󲿷ֵľƣҶһϵ磽Щ
Զ󣬿֮ĻԳЦЦ¾Ʊǰ뿪˻᳡
 

027·׹

ܵ½Ԫ׵ġ㡱Ҷڹп󱣳˾룬ʲôҲû֣һҲֺá嵭ˮ̬ȣҶһȻɣԼкøȫ½Ԫġ
Ҷϸ½ϵĺݸһ䣬ĿԱһ֮ǰæһ¶ûϢҶ͸Ƿһܵļ١ԼصҶϰ칫¥︸׷ֵ
ҶҶıֺ⣬ĿԱٿɲοĽ飬ڻ㱨ʱ򣬶üΡ
ҶȻҽԺһʱ䣬ɫڲĵĳҶϵĲҵŮ¡
Ҷϴ󣬹˼Ҳû˻£˾ҲҲҵ˸ùޡҶ硭
磬ְ˵ʵ½ԪôˣҶڹ϶ʵ
Ҷһļ㶣֪ΪʲôͻȻǶԼ½Ԫ׵Ĺϵİɣ
ģɵػش˵ͻͦõġ
ǽչʱ̸ˡҶͻȻĳ˵
᲻̫˵㣿ҶԾ̧ͷ
½Ԫ׵ĹϵǼٰģ½Ԫʱζʱ˦Ȼϴ½Ԫ˵ҪĻǾЦǹⶺġ
ԣ½Ԫĸ飬ĿĲҲǲӦġ½Ԫ׽еһøУҲ֪ƭʱʧˣڶֻᡭ
磬硭
ҶԺæź˼룬ҶŻع
Ҷ˵ʶʱҲˣ˵ֻǶ飬ֲھͽ飬Ҿʱڵոպá
Ҷп˵԰ְֵıƻ飬ֻ÷ܵһúÿǵġ
ǾͺáҶοЦЦֽ˵½ռҶϵĽгȻӺ᰸ϿǸ˫Ӯľ棬Ҷ½ϲģҲˣҵĺһֱ˳ǣԪ׶˻飬ҾͲôСˣܹˮ½ռֱˣͷŮŮģ
ְ⻰Ѿ½Ԫ׵׼ŮˣҶ̲ס½ռǵıˣȴûȢأ½ԪȢȴҲأ
Ҷ·ϵôʣһٶҪ½Ԫ׵ΪˣȻ˵̾˿ְҲΪ˺·֮ϣְûпۡ
˵꣬ҶʱһΪҶͷҶһᣬἸҪۿ
ԴӾҶĵ飬ҶĹϵ˲٣ҶϴĽãԺ֮֮ǰŬҶһڲµĴ
ԹҶģҶûˣϿɾĹˡ
ְ֡Ҷۿһ
ˡҶЦЦ˵ҪԺˣȥɣչǽãԺҪ໥ֵġ
áҶסӦ
˼Ҷ֮ҶѾҶˣҶȥҽԺؼңǲҶΪѡ
ҶסԺڼ䣬һֱĽչ˵ģҶ絽ҽԺʱ򣬺
ҶĽ޶ãֱӶڴϵҶ˵ʰһ¶ɣѾ˳ԺȻһؼҡ
ҶĿĽһۣתͷʱֱԭȹľģҶ㡣
ҶЦһûзҲûдӦ
һԵĽЦҪʮһǰҶ约ԼܸҶ飻ʮһֻԼŮ޷㱻˼˻顣һЩĽ浾ͺ޲ð¥ֱȥ
ң˼½ԪϣЩпܰͽϡ
գĽŭЦŶŮģȻȥˣԺʲô飬ͶְҲˣֲãûʲôҪ飬ȥ
⻰ǽҶĵģʵǶҶѣҪѴǰҶ
Ҷĺ۵ͷĿĽ뿪ȻֳҶ㣺㣬֪ˣ֮ǰЩ¶һʱ嶯ԭҺòã
ϷˣҶ翿ſڣޱ˵֮ǰûҴ㣬ǿڰְֵķϣԺĵҶҶС㣬ǰҾͲ׷ˣ㻹ʱͱҲ
Բ𣬽㣬ԺһԹġ
ҶǸȻı飬ٴϽʰؼҡ
ҶĵĶһͱĽʰˣ࣬Ҷװģͷ£ĥһ͸Ҷһ˲
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032

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ָĵط֮ʣµʲôùܣһᴦġ˵ģĲܸһߣҶҪ¼̳ҶҼҲġ

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ûʲôЦЦľƱ˵һһ
ɱҶǰľһ
 

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ʱǹŵҶ磬ȴһжȻ֪
 

035ӵ

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Ҷͼʶ½Ԫ׵İԵ֪ʱڶţ٣ȻѲˣҲΪԼɴֱ˸ƣҲ˯˹ȥ
 

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ҶҶЩģ˵ȥȰȰɡ
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ְ֣Ҳ̫ż˰ɣҶСԹ
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038ι

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039չ

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ҽ˵꣬Ҷ磬ϵ½Ԫ׼˼ۣȻõ뿪˲
 

040ͬӺͬ

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041·Ѽ

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˵˿ڱˣﻹûȬڴϰڵôһⶼû
 

042½ү

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½үֳʵô⼸Ԫ۸ˣżҪߣ

½Ԫ۸˵һҲ˵꣬½Ԫ׵үү˵ӻƺЩص
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Ҷڵ½Ԫ׵δޣôҲþܾ룬ŤͷһԼʰһ·̾˿Ȼòص˵ͷ
 

043ѡ

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½Ԫ΢΢ƫͷֻͬش˵ҽʱƻġ
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½ԪҲЦЦ˵ʵ밲СȥҲҵ˽ģи˵ҸļƻôҪһȥû취ֻ밲СæʱǿסǸݡ
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Ҷ½Ԫһۣ˵ôڰֵ׷Ůء
Ҳ½Ԫ׵˼εûżܾ˵ǵʱʱɡ
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˻ֵ𣬰ȶԼݳȥҶ½ԪҲ½լķ˹ȥ
 

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ӹʵʲô
½ԪͨӾһۡ
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ģȥģҶʵ
½Ԫ׳ŵȺƵļ϶ͷؿ˵Ȼȥģֻ֪ĳߴ磬ҲԸ͸©κˡ
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ʱ̵ˣ½Ԫһ߷һ˵ǾͻɣϿ϶ᾪȫġ
ڡڳϻҶһˡı顣
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ϲͺãЩҸġҶԶ˵ᵽ½Ԫ׵ĳ½ԪйǰŮѣǶĹȥûҪùȥӰ쵽ڵҸ
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Ъ½ԪױҶӵߣһ˯
 

045ȫ֤

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ͷһȽϿء
ǻ򵥣½ԪͻȻѳͣ·ߣȻһѰҶ³ڴϢ·ߣô
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Ҷ֪ڣһҲ뿪ԷǲǣܿҪˣӦһҲ˲Ի𣿡
ллְ֡Ҷ˵꣬ʲôƵʵղҴ绰ʲô𣿡
ŶҲûʲô£ҸղŽʦ
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ְ֣Ҷ绹û̲סǲ塭
ְܺãֻʹˣЩ鲻ò㡣ҶοİɣһҪӣҵĹƽء
Ҷһ°ְĳ̲סЦֺܿЦ⣬ɫְ֣㱣֤۽ڻ߲ڣҶᾭӪҶϣҲչ˺ĵġ
Ҷ鷿ıչο˵˺üãûע뿪鷿ſڣĻ֮Ťһ绨
 

046ºڰ

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Ҫȥǡͨè⿴˿һλʮỊ̇׺Ͷָ
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Ⱒ̣ɡҶⰢ̽ݡ
·ڷ⣬½Ԫģ֪뱣ķ
Ⱒ˺ڿ죬ɻҪǷյúܲζû˿ζֱԸĴ
Ҷſʼȥ½ϰ࣬պûаţⰢ̵òζʣͶҪʦѧյ˼
½ԪԺԼķ˴ε龰Ҷһ⡣
Ⱒĵ飬˵ҶѧԹȥ˼ĽҶ
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Ⱒȴ۾գعάСȻ츳һѾܲˡ
˵Ҷ磬ɾ˵㻹˵ҵһǷѼ棬½Ԫ׾Ȼһ涼˸⣬ҵʱҲãһǺгֵġ
ҿ佱꣬Ҷ־е㲻˼ЦЦʵǸҪô

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ֶӹȴûʵĸ½ܣ׿Ȼ壬Ԫ׸磿
Цػش˵½׿Ȼ½ܡ
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047ײ

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ԼҶȫҳϺͳ谮ڰ飬ġ
ʱ֪֮󣬵ǸԭѾȥٴγʱףĸԸظһȫҳϺͳ谮ǿ϶Ϊ㰮
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½Ԫһ仰˵Ҷһ㶼ж뱻κ۸۸½Ԫס
ڣ½Ԫ׼ǲϾͷĸ˸һ·˰칫¥Ҷ类ͬǵĿ⿴ͨ죬Ҳû˼ˡ
˵լҶЦط֣ϻôɵ£ԼȻͬһͬһײ
Ц˵ӴȻƯŮ۹ⶼƵģ˴϶ǧ
òģҶ绹ǳ󷽵ЦЦһԵĳֶȴеΣҶֱ޲ó
ϯ䣬Ҷֶ½үֶ࣬𣬺½үӺǿģҶֻǵЦţûп
в˵ʱүӲƫУΪ˸ӣȻֶԳֶ˵Ȼò׻һˣסլүүɡ
ֶٿ½ԪһۣΪѵүүʵסԪ׸ǶأǶģ½ϽĵطҲ㡣
үҲû룬ֻǿ½ԪʣֶסǶ᲻᲻̫㣿ϾҶҲס½Ԫ׼
½Ԫ׻ûڣ½׿ȻȴȽӿڵҲûʲôģˣȤζͶϲһա
½ԪЦſֶʣ﷿࣬ȷʵûʲôģǿɲլƵź򣬲֪ܲסùߣ
סùߵġֶϲģص⼸꣬Ҿһ˷ȥˡ
Ǿͺá½ԪЦЦ˵תͷΪҶ˿㡣
ҶǿӵһߣûҪ˼
½Ԫ׸ɴּһֱ̣ι
һԵ½ԪС۵һеɩţ
һ˶ЦȻҶбĳֶЦеѿ
ȷ͵½Ԫĵסլʱǳ׵Цˡ
 

049±

󣬳ֶҶ½Ԫһȥĵסլ
½Ԫ״򿪸ʻĳţҶϳҶ϶ûи½Ԫ׺ɫϸʻϵðȫҶ˵һҶҡ
Ų뿴½Ԫ׸÷ҡ
á½Ԫϼʻ˵
ҶŤͷһۣˡ
һ£żǸСģң¶ˣ
ʱֶ˺ŵĳţϳʱȴ½ԪֹСȵȵȣĳϾ͵ˣȥҼҵġ
ֶſŵĶεʵأôȥ𣿡
Ұ½ԪתԿ׵𣬲ͷһֱҶ磬ЦŵҵȻǸһҶסˡ
ҲȥҶңҪһסֶüʡ
ҶҲü½ԪǴʲô
Էʱ򣬳С㲻ǻ˵Լ𣿡½Ԫ׷ʵ
սǴ⣬һʻͣ˳ֶĸǰ
½ܡҡ³ո½Ԫ״˸к
½Ԫ׳˵ͷͳСȥҼҰɣǵðѸý鶼ˡ
ǡӦȻ³򿪺ŵĳţԳֶ˵Сɡ
ֶ޵İĵƹ£ŤȥסԼ˵ģܲߣֻܱſĳ
Ȼѿ½ԪףֶΪЩҶĻҶ½ԪôģҶԹ޸һ㡣
ȵסլʱ򣬳ֶſһ˵ӣŵңпͷΨһһӲ崲ֱᡣ
ֶһԿףȻ˵½ܲϲĶ˯УûбķʲôĻϣСɨŶһҪر£Сڽˮάޣʮͻͣˮͣ磬ϢɣҾͲˡ
ߺ󣬳ֶǽϹŵӱʮһʮһ֣ʣʮŷͣˮͣ硭
ֶش˳
ҹ·ϵĳ࣬½Ԫ׼ӿ쳵٣һ·ɳ۶ȥ
Ҷһ·ų޺磬û½Ԫһɫ
ЩʲôÿģûпĿ½ԪƳһ˵
ҶЦǰ½ܲöÿǶһҪסļȥ
ȴֻסһ𡣡½Ԫ׻ͷ΢΢ƺҪ
Ҷ类һһѷԴ˵ι㿴·
Ȼϳ٣һ㶼ٺ
㡣½Ԫ˵
Ҷܾûת
ֻΣŤһ룬ͱ˻ȥҶҧ㿴·㣡
½Ԫ׿ճһֻ֣ЦָָԼա
Ҷǰһڡ
ǲˣ½Ԫʵ
ΪԼİȫҶΥĵصͷˡ
Ҿ֪ҵδƽ⡣
·ںƣ½Ԫڰ˰λ˸
̵ֱˣȣߴʱ½ԪظҶ紽ֿһξýͨƵʱ̫ˡ
ȻҶǣʵΪʲôҪӦֶסң
ΪҪ㱨𰡡½Ԫ˵
𣿡Ҷüظ
㱨ʲôⲻ
½ԪЦ˵ĸ׼һݴ񣬱׼ŵƨڶᵽƵȥס
½Ԫ׼˵һ£׷ĲãҶЦ꣬ܽ湻ȱµġ
½Ԫ׶ҶĻһ⣬żá
Ҷʵô֪үҪסģ
顣ҳԺ󣬾ͼָƴŮˣ˵ԭҵģҾͲ³˸š
Ҷ絭ؿһۣʣأǸʲôŮˣ
㰡½Ԫ׳̾˿˵ҪȴѵõŮˡ
ģ½Ԫס
ֶϴϴһ룬ˮȫͣˣԡߵʱԡſڰһţϥǣ϶Ǵ˶ȹˡ
ҵֻֻɻشϵʱֱµĴѵߡò˯⣬ͻȻһʱʱںҹźɭ׳ŵһ飬ȴʲôĶҲû֣ɵһɻشϣëȻ
½Ԫ״绰ȴźűˣôŶ򲻳ȥֻֻܾĻĹһҹʱɫƣȦͷʹѣ˿Ҫˡ
 

050ʾ

ֶ˹Ǻһҹһʰȥס˾ƵꡣסͲ绰½׿Ȼ
壬ǲ֪ǸҶĻΪߣﲼ壬ͣˮͣ磬
ľֶĿ˳
ļȻҶ½ûȣСҲǸĸ飬ģغ֮󣬸Ǵ׷ʲôʱҲûܹί
½׿Ȼ˳Ļ˵ԪôĻôУ˵ţ̾˿ȰҪ㻹˰ɣԪ׻ţίĿ϶㰡
ôܾˣ
ֶһ⻰Ҳ˲ˣ½׿Ȼ壬ٰһΣҸԪ׸еദĻᣬϲôãôܾô˰
Ǻðɡ½׿Ȼ˳ˮ۵ǶٰһΣϣԪСʱ֡һ취εĴ㣬ͷµóʱúչ
лл壬֪ôġֶžԼͻȻڳһֵЦݡ
ߣ½׿ȻҶϵ绰ǰôԣԪ׿𣿡
óֶɢĲҶ½ԪףҶҺ½Ԫס
½׿ȻΪغЦһǸֶͿʼˣϷѾǾ͵ſжͰɡ
ҿԪ׶ֶҲû˼Щǵ˵
½׿ȻЦ֣Ҳû뵽ô˼Ȼǿûõӣģһ˺֣½ԪҶûôס
ֶ½Ԫ׼ң½ԪȻҶֻס˱ţϵ£ٻЩԹ;ĵػȥֻû뵽󣬹Ƭĵʱ򣬹˾»ᾹȻ½ԪԸ֧㡣
߼鱦½Ҳҵһ֧½һ򶼺ӡûж»ľ½ԪΪܲãҲǱҪֳģԣûɾܾѵǣ¶ҪôҶ͡
ϢҶʱӵĻ㶡
½Ԫ͵ģСտ칫ңҶ°칫ʱ򣬾ڻڰ칫ϻҵһſƬͷдšõȴѵõŮˡ
뵽ղǸϢҶ˲򵽣½Ԫǰء
լ۲;Ϳó½Ԫ׶С÷ûа˼ȻӦҲ֪½Ԫ׵Ĺ
ͨ½Ԫ׵ĵ绰˵ֻҪܹ¹죬ͻȥҾԭ㡣
ҾҲûз½ԪЦ˵
Ҷ˵ûʲô
Լδ޻Ҫ𣿡½Ԫ̾˿ҷʡƽʱ̫ˡȷʵͻһССҪ󡣡
ҶЦ˵ɡ
ҶСڹ֮࣬նҵĸڣҲܸоȷʵǸδ޵ˡ
ǹĨָԼƽʱ̫ˣյû湻Զġ
ҶһСõʱȻǻȥġ
½Ԫ׵仰ڿĵĵһ죬ǿа˴ֳ
ҶΣֻȸĿͬ٣Ҷϵ绰ʱ򣬳ֶջױߵþ¡
ҪƽգΪͻ٣ױеŨֲֿţһɫϵ͹ģҲõϺϵ鱦ڷ⡣
ʵͷµĳֶ˶ڷ⣬ľͶ㣬һһЦԵȻţټ޵ֲ졣
ôҿɾҪԴˡ½Ԫ״սĶ˵
ҶŷԼȻ̨ϵĳֶˣЩҪ˼ƿۡ
½Ԫʵǿ鱦
ҶĲɵءޡһû˵ϵʵǳֶ̨ǰְҲҲ̨վľͷգϷ
鲻ԣׯһ㣬Ǹ߼鱦
ӰʦͻȻҶ硣
ֶƣֻһ顣
Ӱʦ°ͣüׯһ㣬࣬΢΢Цһ¡
ֶǡ
ԣǲԣЦ̫٬ˡ
ɥЦڿأ

ֶӣػػ˺ܶƺͱ飬ӰʦȻò⣬ԴǼǶٰޡ
½ԪЦţٴҶߵӰʦл岨̣Ҷࡣ
Ǹ˺ܶӰ󽱵Ļ岨Ҷ羪ϲʵ
һ˲ٹ뵽ءϲ½Ԫ˵һԤԼ˰ɴգҲӦˡ
ҶŶ䣬ǡ
Ҷ½Ԫĵÿģͷֶȴˣ岨ײʦǲǹңȻʲô鶼ԣʾ
岨һʾʲôҪ˽㵽ǿʲôģ
ȦʵȱǱ򣬳ֶû岨Ӱǵ½Ԫ׵Ӱ
㣡ûҲˡ⼸ֲҪѿڶ
ֶԹ޵ؿԶҶ磬Ӱʦ϶Ҷⰲŵģ컹ֳԼЦԼǧĵ
岨˳ųֶĿ⣬Ҳ˹ȥ
һתҶĿ·Ҫ˽ʿƵġ
½ԪװҶԼ󣬲õؿ˼
岨ͻȻЦͷԳֶ˵㲻Ҫʾ𣿿תָ½ԪҶ磬ѧѧӣɱܼԦЩ鱦
 

051ʧ

ֶԭͺֱҶȽϣһˣͻȻըˣ鱦ӣñľ˸ʱס
ҵḶ́һӿɾǧɲôԣСĽӹ鱦ѹ
Ǿţղſ˵һ춼ûģص˶磡ֶܻش󺰵
µĻ岨һҲû˵վ鲻λС㣬ⲢǷȱվ飬ϵʸ֧Ƭȫ鱦Ҫׯȴ㡣ҲʲôϾֶͨױݡֲ̬أֲȥѧԸȥı䡣ҲûȤȥˡ
ֶ˵ȴߴľһס죬ϽһԵϢҡ
о˱߱ߵǸ˵ʦ½ܣǶԲֶеˣղŶǺϢһ°
λ˻֪Ȥ岨ԭҲûΪǵ˼ͳ˰֣ʾͬϢһ
ȻתҶʵλС㣬Ϊ𣿡
Ҷ۾͵һͷӦȴ½ԪһܾʦҸȷ˻ڣʱ֪ͨյġ
½Ԫ֪岨Ǿ仰˼ҶǱ뷢ģء
½ԪҲ˷һҶĹâ
Ǿܾ˻岨ҶȦ׻ˮմȾЩ£һ֮󣬻һ˶Ƭ뵽ֿܣ˸ĳ嶯
½ԪѾԼܾˣҶҲ˼ٵͷЦŶԻ岨˵˾䲻˼
岨νʼ磬ٴοĿ˵ϧ
ҶϷ²ûִ̫οҪҶϣҲûжľЩ顣֪ӰʦʺãﻹǺܿĵġ
˲֪ôȰֶģֶ֮ϢԺ˸Ƶġ»ױ»ѧҶ̬һһؿҶȥѧ岨ʱ򣬾Ͳ˼ЦЦ̬Ⱥǫѷ
岨ǿһƬȻԡоԡΪɣ˽㡣
½ԪҲû˵ʲôֱӴҶ뿪ˡ
ֶϢжױһԵľ˻˵ֶҲǸʲô˾ĺԼϾҪˣ»˾Ҳð˺üǱˣ㶼ûֹ˾ԴԽԽɲǰˣɻ岨ԲٵΪգǶģһָܽƬٻһأǧҪסˣ̲סʱĺԼ
ֶ۾ҲԼæ
˵أûأ˺ɸֵʵ
֪ˡֶӦһ
ԭ˵䣬绰ȴͻȻ¾䡰֪ͺãˡȻʹҴ뿪ˡ
˺ˣ뿪ֶһƿʰˣһؾƵɡ
۲Զ½ϱʶҪõ½Ԫ׵ˡ˵ԭҪ½Ԫ׵İ飬ڣҪ½Ԫ׵ҡ
ڳֶϣƽ㶼˳ֶϾҲЩģأ岨ĳƬ⡣ǣȵĹƬʱȴһ½ϵĴ¡
½һصʯԼһٿʯʵغиĥĹһǶһϣԳƵ½֮鱦֮ƬʱȻٲľͷ
ҶܸȤβ½ԪԼȥֳ
죬½үԴӱչȡʯװں˳ֶ·ú˼ڸһȥƬʲô
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ֶòس˴к·ҶʱЬȴͻȻɢˡһԵҶ˵磬ܰһ°ҺϵЬ
Ҷ˲٣ҲܾҵӡĹ۲١ҶӹְֶϵЬֵ֮ݻ
ǵʽʼʱ򣬳ֶӰóӣ򿪵ĺȴտҲʯˣ
ϵ£һڹԱȲ˵ʯֵƣǻ½ҵĴ֮⾹ȻƬˣ˭Ρ
ְֶѰһ飬żʵٺú룬ǲóطˣ
ܵģôౣڣҼǴˣҲֶܿƶ˵ҲܻҽҵİһֱϣûҲأ
ԣղСֶСİһüͷѵ
½Ԫ׸ҶϹʱ򣬸պ仰½ԪЦһҶǰǸʵ⻰ʲô˼
½Ԫԭ˵Ǹڣѹ˵˵Сеɡ
½ԪЦЦؿʵ˵ӴʱõǳС㣬ɵҲӦǳСŶ԰ɣ
к˳Ŷͷ£ӲͷƤ˵ǳСһֱҼ£ûʱġ
½ԪЦһַʵǸʱڳ𣿡
ڵġڴ۾Щ
Ҷվ½ԪԹۣε߸ҶĶϵǴκƣֻΣ½Ԫվ࣬к޾⡭
 

052С

ʱΧ۵ȺУһСͻȻ˵֤¸С޹أ
Ҷɻת˳ķ˹ȥ
ֻС˵ʱƬһֻСèΪûҾһС˹СèһˣҾһֶСѰݸСʱҸպ˽ȥͷܿúС㲢ûκζ
½Ԫ׿С磬˵
СӦһȺݸ½Ԫף˳ƿٿһԱߵҶ硣
лл㡣ҶĿ⣬Цŵл
СǺ˵ٸҶ˵ϼ䣬ȴ½Ԫŵӣտվһߡ
½Ԫ״ҶҲȥ
ͷǰ벿һֻȵСèƬƵܣ벿ֶһΧСèҶ磬ֻ˳ֶҶֺ󣬾ͷʼϣƵ̶̵һֶؿҶֲûֶκζ
ƵҶ˿֤ԼˣٴһԵСл
½ԪƫͷһۣСеƬˡ˵߰ڴ濨ȡ
ҶΪΪԼݺ¸еھΣͿο˵ûϵģҲû𣿡
ôû£½ԪװС磬ն˵Ժ⳥ڴ濨ǮȻְתҶ磬ҡҡڴ濨˵Ҳϲҵδޡ
תҪߵС仰ŵһȻԶԶض㵽½Ԫ׿ĵط
Ҷεط˷۾ʲôʱ㻹ųԴס
½ԪͻȻ֣һڣȻڴ濨˵ڴ濨Ƶ֤ҵδ޹ģôиֶСԼİӴˣڶϢȥȴ顣ǿû˭Ҳ뿪ֳںͳֶС㱾ˡ
ڡױʦԼֶйӴĹԱϢҡ
ֶȴߣһ޴س嵽½Ԫǰקĸ첲ûУߵģԪ׸磬ҪҰ±ý֪Ļҵģľˣ
½ԪײΪ˵С޹ģ½ϻΪġ
Ҷ翴½Ԫ׸첲ϵ֣еȻû㿪
˿ûĵȵģֻҪ͵鱦ţȲҾˣֶ˵
ľҲһԸ͡
Ҷ绹½Ԫ׵ĸ첲ֶֻͷš
ȿȣһ£̲ס½Ԫױֶסĸ첲ʵɿҵδ𣿡
½ԪüЦ
Ҷ粻ڵƲղ½Ԫ׳ԴײֳϣֵԼˡ
ֶ㶵֮俴һۣ뵽Ҷ½Ԫ׵Ĺϵæɿ½Ԫ׵ĸ첲ؿ˵磬֮ǰȷʵеСᣬĲҪݺ㣬ңҲǱˡ
ǰֶȻƽʱ嶯»صģ½үӺܾأ϶ʧµġֶľ˲Թɫֶ⣬½ܣܲܿ½үӵķϣֶȥұ֤ͰشھƵʱȴ飬Բܡ
ֶһʧǵľӣҶôòװģټүӶȷʵȽƫҶ½Ԫ׽Ҫ˰ͻլɣүүô˵
½Ԫ׵ͷԸͳСլԱƬ
Ӧ˾ãתͷͿʼţֶľһмصл
ֶϵױ޻ˣҶԼٿĪʱͻȻЩͬ
΢΢½ԪףûĻڵԼ½һֽȻͬ״̬
ôҿҾڰʾʲô½ԪӭĿ⣬˵
㰵ʾҵİ⣬ϲ㰡Ҷֱ׵˵
½ԪױͻȻı׸һ㶣Ȼغ
Ҷ翴ɫĵЦ
ԱٴΰƬһ飬һ½Ԫ׿һ۽յϢҴţ˵ɣҪЭУ췢飬ҪʱϢ
 

053һ㹻

½Ԫ׺Ҷ¼һ½լ½Ԫ׸Ŀ϶ģҪү
˵ҵʱ򣬳ֶүǰߣһؽ˵Լû͵ʯ
үšüͷɫܲãųֶû˵
ʯʧԵϢҲϻլ
յǰ˵µ°ÿ֤ݣ˵ʲôʲôġ
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⻰ʲô˼ֶŤͷҺΣ֪ҲΣҲǹİ
һõ˵ô˵Ҳĳ˵˵ɻˣ
һԵҶ翴Ǹͱ˵ӣɿ˵ղŲǻ˵µ¶Ҫ֤û֤ݲ˵ɣ
ֶȻ˵⼸ദҶ緢û̫ۣǸɻҲˡ
֮£ǰֶүӻĵʱ򣬶׹Ůһ㣬ɽһ£ֿʼ侮ʯˣҶļʹ桢ɡ
СײתҶ˵Ȼڻûҵ֤ݣǴҾͶɣ˵ƬʱҲָϻˣ𣿡
ʱûֳ̫ܲ״ֳѾҵ֤ݣųˡ½ԪЦ˵
ǰһҶ絲ҶȴҲǰһովһ
Զվ½Ԫ׵ıУһҲΪڷ絲ꡣ
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½ԪЦЦ˵ĺã岻ҲǴ͹ȷʵҵʧвжΣԻңиĻᡣ
үӵ֮ؿ˿ɫԥ
Ҷ翴Ϊ½ԪȡүүйǵĻ飬ԪȲ飬һҲǸԪʵڲ鲻ʲôٽ졣
鲻½үӵͷ˵
½׿Ȼȴ˵ܸиʱƣҪǰԪϵʱ̫»ѵ׷ٲʱ䡣
Ϊʱ޶úʣүӳ˼ʵ
һܡ½׿Ȼɴػش
үšüһܣ
һ㹻ˡ½Ԫ׽ӿڵŵظһ飺һ֮ڣһͻүүǰġ
½үοãǾôˣҵĺϢ
ϣһȺΧŲʳ֪ζس½Ԫ׺½׿Ȼүӽȥ鷿˾ͻ˸Եķ䡣
Ҷֶķǰŵģһ·ͬУڽ֮ǰֶȴͻȻסЩε˵лл˵
ΪӣҶЦŵҲǰ㣬ЩҲ˵Ļ
ʯڳֶ϶ģҪɶҶɵôĿŵȥ͵
ôҪлл㡣ֶήҵ˵
Ҷ绹ǵÿ֮ҲûģЦЦ˵ҽл⣬
ȵȣֶֽסܿһۣȻѹһתԪ׸硣
ҶŬԼԡԪ׸硱ƺӵؿ˵˵ɡ
ֶЩذߵͷڶ¶Ķͷ˱ۣŷ·¶Ƶ˵סլ˵㣬ȥԼ֦СײڻԱߴ绰ѹúܵͣģһҾͰѵ绰뿪ˡҵʱû̫ע⣬֮žÿɣǸұı֮һ
ǸվָҵıڣҶ²ʵ
ֶҡҡͷǣһġ
ȷʵһõϢҶü˼һתԪ׵ġ
Уֶԥ˵ҵʱƺ˳ƺ绰ˡ½ܡҲˡ
ʵϣǸȷʵƺ绰ˡ½ܡ
ǸĻ˳ܳƵϡ½ܡֵģһˣ¸½Ԫ޹أԲŻϢ͸©ϣҵ֤ݣԼһס
ֶ˵꣬ŤͷݣҶһԭء
½ܣ½Ԫףǲ½׿Ȼ

½Ԫ״үǶ֮ҶһʱѳֶӦ˵ˣ½Ԫƺûж⣬ֻǸ˸绰˵زһǸıڣУ϶˭ͨ绰
Ҷϵ绰ҶչȥСεʵҽǲ˵ˣԲűƵ½ԪҪ֮һ
ûУ½Ԫ׷ְ˱ҪлүүǰΪ˵ء
ģһģҵǸ͵С͵Ҷ綢۾ᶨ˵
է仰½Ԫ׾ȻЩжæ˺ܶ࣬˵ҪĻû
ðοɾҪˡ½ԪЦ˵
ǸҶ翪Цû뵽Ҷ˵ɾ͸ɣģط˰飺϶Ѳ˸ϵһҪ£᲻ڸԼķʵ
ֱ½Ԫϴڱдд½Ԫװüģʵһ쾭ô£㲻𣿡
۰ҶͷҲ̧˵
ۣΪҪ½ԪףеС˷ܡ
۾ͺá
½Ԫ׽⿪ԡۣһѰ˵ڴ촽סдʵС졣
Ҷտʼıӷźãɲһͱ½ԪǵԣԴһŽʺͱǣ粻֪ӵȥˡ
 

054Сè

Ҷ£ڶ緹ͼ½Ԫ˵ĹǺæҪҸһæɣ
½Ԫϵһ룬˳ưŽҶ˵æĻԶػһң͹ˡ
ҶĲɵذϵãﻹǺܵǸޡ
½׿Ȼ½Ԫ׵ؼֱڿһ㣬½Ԫ֮ҲҪʲôѡ
½Ԫ֪ĵǣοӴ˶Ƶúܼʱ˭͵ûаͳȥĻᣬƲӦûƬϸѲ飬ӦúܿкϢˣͲõˡ
˵ţĵ绰ͻȻġ
֮ͨ˵½ܣֹ̫ۣƬϸһ飬ʲôֶûУ᲻Ѿתˣ
½Ԫüܣû뿪ƬĻᣬֲܰϣ϶Ƭٲһ飬Ϲȥ
ǡӦ
Ҷϵ绰Ҷ翴صı飬˵ΪʲôҲԼܱԼˡ
½Ԫ׵۾һ档
½ԪͻȻһʹһŮҲ˵仰ڼʻǰס֮󡭡
̾˿ͷҶ۾һ£˵߰ɣһȥƬ
˵Ƭ֮ϸ½ԪױҶŹԱһƬѰ
̫½Ԫһߴ绰һʾҶϢһҶ˲ϵĺǿҡҡͷ
˵æģʲô£
½Ԫ׹Ҷϵ绰̾˿һɡΪš
˵ҪˣǸҰﵹæ𣿡½Ԫε
Ҷһѵм䷭ңҪҲš
ͻȻӵ߶һŵҪ˵ʲôһײ½Ԫ׻
½ԪһһֻСèҶ硰
㣡
ҶϳԼˣֻè䣬ֵǶҴȥҳԵġ
Сèֳ˼Ƶز˹СͷҶ
Ҷưڻתͷ½Ԫ˵ߣǽݰҵԵġ
½Ԫ̾˿Լ˵ûèкʹ
ƬûèҶֻȸЩ⳦ԡ
һ⳦ԵĿģҶؼ̧ͷ½Ԫɣ
½Ԫ׶ЩСèС޸УҶı޵ֿͷӦˡ
ҶһЦ˵Ϊȡְɣ
ȡ½ԪԺèйصӡֻСʱڶƬ￴Ķèԥ˵ǾͽСɡ
СҶ۵һЦҲ̫˰ɣ
½ԪױЦЩΡ
Ҷ߳ŭڣæסЦ˵СͦõģҺϲ
½Ԫ׺һСҲ
㿴ҲϲءҶЦ˵
½ԪͻȻֻèɰ
վϳԶСͻȻǺƵĿ˼Ҷ缱æĺ󱳣ȴһӲӲĶѵ
ҶǿֳëӼ䷢һ
ʯҶ羪ϲؿ½Ԫס
СĵذСϵ½Ԫϸһ£
ԭ͵һʱҲתķͰСĲϣСϵëïʢպڵס
͵߿Ϊû˻עһֻƬСҰèȴû뵽ֻСèҶ죬ԵɺϣȻصҶ
½Ԫ׽鱦ʦͷʯȷʵ½ҶʧǿţŸլүү绰ϲֽ˾ֵ˲ɼϵָƣܷ͵ߵй
Сȥ˳飬½Ԫ鲻ԽҶһڣлл㣬ҵĸǡ
ôлҰҶʵ
½ԪüǷˮתǰҽԺΪѹҶ硣
˶Ѿˣ㻹ôл㣿½Ԫ״ս˵
Ҷֲغ˵ȼţҪʲôʱٴӦҡ
á½Ԫ׺ԥӦ¡
 

055¶Թ

ҵʯͷ͵ߵָƣܿ鵽Ǹıڡ
ֻʱ䣬½Ԫ׾Լĳŵ
½׿Ȼˤϵֽĵžž죺ǳ²Ķû͵֣Ҳһɧɶ񣡡
ɡһȰɲָģԪû֤ݣ㲻ͷϵġ
㶮ʲôҪǮʱ򣬱Ѿϵңڼƻȫˣ
޶˱һͨܲˣĲ豭뿪鷿
½׿ȻŹϵ鷿ţԪףҵġ
½լûʯ½үӺο½Ԫ׺ü䡣
½ԪЦ˵ε黹磬Ҫҿ»治֮һ
үӵͷͬĹȷʵ磬ɣԺͽ籣棬ǵĶϾҪˣҸĶɡ
ԣҶ缱æܾүүô˵Ҳ½ҵĴұ̫ˣܰɡ
ٹصĶҲǸ˵Ҫ㣬ָջĶأпܻᱻֻèȻԵͷǶɣ½ҵϱȻ½ҵĴұүЦ˵
½ԪҲȰ°ɣүүϲԺúñˡ
⡭˵زҶƴǾԵ̫飬ֻǰ˹ллүү
үЦ֣Ȼ½ԪʵˣǸ͵ɽ˭ָʹ𣿡
ûУ½Ԫҡҡͷʼռ˵Լ⣬ûйϵ
½ʧԵ鱦һ˸ģƾɵĹϵ͵ʯҲȥ˵ûָʹ½Ԫ׻治š
Ǹݵأ½ү˼þּ飬ҵҪ˭Ҫ½ҹȥ
ʵ
Ҷ뿪˵½׿Ȼɣȴ½Ԫֹסˡ
˵ʲôүӿһʵ
ʵүүãڶ֮漸졣½ԪҶش
ʲôÿڵģүӶҶЦЦȥ漸Ҳãá
Ҷ練Ӧæлллүү
ˣæȥɡүӶյ˻˻֡
լؼңѾˣ˴ҴùҶס½ԪʵΪʲô˵£
½Ԫ׻ش˵Ϊû֤ݡû֤ݣҾֶӣ˵үӻôң
˵ʱɫܲãҶ翴ó½׿ȻԹԲֹǰһ׮¡ͻȻʣ˽һЩ½Ԫ׵Ĺ
塭
һҸĸĳйء½Ԫ˵˱쳣
Ҷ뵽ĸ׹Լѹ;Ƽˣ½Ԫڸĸ󣬵֪ܲ⣬ʱö౯˺
Ҷ̲סǰס˵һһԵġ
ͬ𣿡½Ԫʡ
źźǸʱûߡ
ʱ󣬴¡
½ԪҲסҶ磬ضŴ⣬Ժ뵽ȴһ˵ݡ
ǸԼʱԼߣΪԼˡ
һʼ½Ԫײ̫ϲ壬ģǰ˸ĸĸУû뵽徹Ȼڹؼʱ̣ǰΪ
½Ԫ׿ʼΣǰԼûܸ
ԣҶ統ͬʱҲЩûüԽĺãϤϡ

˾Уӵ˺ܾãֱһͨ绰֮ľס
½Ԫ׿ֻϵĺ룬Щֶĸ׻绰
壿½Ԫ׽ͨ绰ȥ˿ǰʾҶЩ˯¡
ԪףǴϢ𣿡
ûУҴ绰ʲô𣿡½ԪʵλǰͥҽĹϵһ㣬ҳֶĹѾ꣬뿪˳ǡ
˵ֶǶ˻Ǹ
ˣֶӦø˵ˣʧԵ޹ء½Ԫ׽͵
ԼŮ֪ӳ嶯ƺּױ˹ĶȻû͵м϶Ҳûٸ鷳ˣ˵ˣҲǶһѵһһҪ˵ǹְֵġ
½Ԫ׵Ŀ͵ؽ˽ʵ㶼֪Щʲô
ԪףԲס㡭ְֱҽԺ֮ȵǡҵʦ֣ڵʱҹҽֲʱʦֵĸ̨֡ܳɹ㸸ײ󲢷֢˹εĺ
ǰһְֵ̽壬Ҿȥ飬ĺεˣѾˡҵʱ²СĽŶԹ±ֱʵ顣ңʱְ˵úأȻ̨ܳɹܻҲǸֲˡ
һ֮½Ҵְһֱ񡣽ֶ˵δһֱάҲ̲סˡԪףҪԸΪ֤ͥ
½Ԫƿ鷿ĴˮһƽɤӶԶ˵ллܸЩ
Ҷڴϣ˯⡣
ղظ֪½Ԫ׵ıˣȴ֪ôο֪Լòüȥ
֪ǲమ˶ռСռЩԼĻ䣬ȴСǶԷãΪȥٴαˣԼ¡
ҶڴϷȥãֱ½Ԫ׼дϴˮߡ
῿ȥ˽Ļ
㲻뿪ҵģ𣿡ͷʵ
ԣ뿪ġҶͬһ㱧ס
 

056

ڶ죬ҶҶұ
ʯһ䣬½Ԫ׵ĶѾǰҪؼ׼
½ҵ̳ʼۿۻ˳ΪĶٴ
˵Ǵãأ
ҶָһһԵİʵ
šǸȽһЩ
ҲôáҶ·ǰžֱ˱ȣȻϵһʵǸأ
ε̾˿С㣬㶼Ѿ˿Сʱˣĺļÿʲô𣿡
ҶҲ̾˿ӵȹӣذԱ˵е
ȱӵؿһۣЦҿǼɣϾϾҪȫŮĿеˡ
ĺҶ粻ҡҡֱۣϻºлһ뵽ôҪˣЩ
ֻǶ飬㻹µʱ俼찡Ȱο˵̫ˣó½Ԫ׶ĵģ˾Դ˵ȫסˡ
֪Һܺãǡˣ˵ЩˣҽȥȾơҶƵ˵
оĲס˵ҲãԺһȾƵʱԽԽˡ
ΣȥһҾưɣΪǶ磬ȲҶȣо⣬Ͱ˴Ӿư˳
ưɣ˾ȻڲԶĿȹǰ½Ԫ׵
ԪҲҶǰʵ
ûСҵһЩ˽¡ش
һֲֻ㶵ɫѵЩš
ޡҶЦſŮԼأ
ָܿ򶨣ԼĽ۾û˵ǣҲû˵ǡ
ȿЩִ٣ҪҶϳˣǾͱ˽ˣϽȥɡ
Ҷ˻֣תʱ˻ΣǺȵеˡ
˿뿪СóԼһֱڿڴּֽ㣬дһַ
ֽǸġ
زܽԼ½ܼ棬½ԪΪæˡ˭֪ûܣȴյһֽ
ֽϵǡ塱Լ½Ԫϰ˵档
ϰ˵㣬ҲǡǶ翪ʼʱ
ֽһȵͻȻЩ֪롣
岻ѾĽд
֪˭֪½Ԫ׵Ĺϵɡ½֪ԼĳŮϰ˵㣬ڶ
ŵƻ½Ľֵ̾˿ֽۺã·Ż˿ڴ
Ķ½լٰ죬½Ԫ׽ͽסլ
ϴ֮ڴϣȴû˯⡣
충飬ºҪҶʽˡ
Щ۵ڴȴĵطҶ˹һƺҲȤ
ţڴͷĵ绰ͻȻ˵ͷĺ룬ЦŰ˽
ǻϬ㣬ĵ绰ʹˡ
绰ͷû˵ȴһ
磬ôˣ½Ԫüʵ˵仰ôˡ
û˻ش
½Ԫһƿʼ·Ķȥ㡣
Ҷӿ˵½ԪףҪ֣ص㼸⣡
½ԪϵӵĶһ٣˵ʰɣ
ȵȵȣ洫һϤϤһҶż˵ˣҿʼˣһҪʵ𡣡
á½Ԫ³ɻ˴ϣڵ绰Ҷڼܺˡ
㰮𣿡
½Ԫԥһ˲Ŵ
ԸȢΪ𣿡
ȻԸ⡣½Ԫδúˬ졣
ԸӽʱֱԶ˳澳ԣƶ򼲲ֻǳԶҡϧңʵֱԶԶ𣿡
Ը⡣½ԪЦ˵Ǵڶ֮ǰ㱳һĴ𣿡
ţѾȫ¼ˣҲˡ
½ԪԺҲЦŵ㿪ֻϵͨ¼˵ǲǸˣ㰮𣿡
Ҷɵش
Ը޸𣿡
Ը⡣شеȲ
ԸⲻδΣԶһԷһ˯һ糿𣿡
䲻ԡ
Ҷ½ԪȴֻûشԸԸ⡣
Է˯𣿡Ҷʡ
ԣԸ𣿡
˺һ½ԪΪҶ˯˵ʱ򣬶ͻȻŻͲ󺰵ԸⰡ
½ԪŵЩֻ˳ȥûü˵䣬ȹЦŹҶ˵绰
½ԪεЦЦ¼򵥴һ£תַҶֻϡ
Ҷһ˯磬֮󿴵½Ԫ׷Ķ¼ͷһ飬ͻȻȴΪ¼Ǽ仰鳹װ
㣬ҶҵǰСʱ½լ
Ҷ紩ϵسȹʯµؼֱޣˡ
ɩֱǣ߻㡣½Ԫɰ죬һģ
½εȻ̧Դ£Ūѧĳأ
½ԪͷٺЦǵҲѡ
ԪأҶͻȻʵѾ½½ˣȴһֱû½Ԫס
½εȻ򿴹ȥ˵ɵ
ԼǰҶ˵ͷȻشܲ˵Ҫȥһλѣڰ˵֮ǰġ
֣ô˾ʲôѷǵԼȥӣ½үӲü
˰ְ֣Ԫзִġ½εȻСȰ
ҶҲŰοүӼ䣬ֻƤȴһµͣòױȥĲϤˡ
һԵ½׿Ȼ΢΢ǣһĨζ΢Ц
 

057ί

ߵ룬½Ԫ׻ûлĵ绰ȴֻ˼
½ү˳ȥȴΪ֪Ŀĵֻա
Ҷ𰲸Ҷ֣ҶĽȴ˿δ
֪ԼӦ½ԪףǸΪĴʵˣ϶ͻȻڻ飬ʰ̯ӵġ
ﻹǺܲҵʵ½Ԫ׵׸ʲôȥˣ
ҡҡͷ½ʲôû˵ֻ˵˵֮ǰһϻġ
ҶһŬԼ侲½Ԫ׻׼ʱġ
˵һ̣½ԪڴҵУڻˡ
Ҷ缱ǰؿʹһ£㵽ȥˣһΪҪڻˡ
ô᣿½Ԫסָ⣬ڴһ£Ϊ׼ϲȥˡ
Ҷ粢飬һ۵ϲûоǴһ
ʱǽϵĹӸպ㱨ʱ½ԪװҶԱߣʾ⿴
ʱ䣬̻ţ̻ɵŮӣҫڰյı֣ǧ˰̬ںҹѤöĿ
Ҷ羪ϲػͷ׼ģ
ϧʱЩæҪøÿġ½ԪЩϧ˵
Ҷ̲סż⣬̻õĺҹԼġ
ˡҶĵҲԥˡ
̻˴ŰСʱ˳ǵˣҹ֤۵һ̡
ʱ·ϵһһòŮվڴߣ̻ĿˣԼСϵ˰̣ԪףѾ𣿡
ҵĿͷ˳ν˶о½Ҷλϱϲӡ
һƬףУ绺Ļ½үҶ½Ԫ׵Ļ񣬽ºС
½׿ȻŲԶҵˣŤͷȥԺ˸绰
㽻½Ԫ׵Ķûеݳȥ𣿡½׿Ȼѹסŭʵ
ݡݳȥ˰ֽˡ绰ͷ˻ҵش
½׿ȻһԲţݳȥˣ½Ԫ֪Լĳţôܻһ۵زμⳡ磡
⣬Ͼǰˣ½ԪѾأСĽ͵
ܣ½Ԫ׻ع֮һֱû齭򣬾Ҷ綩飬ҲΪǸСѾͷ峤ˡˣһƷʲôϡģ
İֽˣ˵Ҫһʱֽ½Ԫס
˵ûֱӰֽ½Ԫף½׿Ȼʵ
绰ͷ˵ؼ½ԪûˣҾֻֽܰ͡ˡ
½׿Ȼ䣬˵ûҵϵҪҴ绰
֪ˣ½ܡΨΨŵŵӦ
򡭡½׿ȻҶϵ绰˼˽Կֽ
һλͣʱҹլӶѾΪǲú˷䡣
ҶȻƣۣȴܿģԺ½Ԫ׾ͻΪ˴˵ΨһҲһλܸİˡ
Ҫȥ½ԪЩϢʱͻȻҴҵſȥΪżȻǰȥôˣ½Ԫȴͬûһ㣬ֱܳˡ
ôˣҶ翴ŲԶЩɥʵ
ԲС㡣ͻȻǸ
ΪʲôҪ˵Բ𣿡ҶɻؿһƺЩ״̬ԡ
˶٣Ʋ۾شûѹ˾鴦ãʱҪ鷳½ȥӰദ̫ʧְˡ
ҶɻⶼҹˣֳȥӰȥˣ
˵㡣
ҶЩζӣ˶飬ϯΪҪչ˱ͣûܺú˵òϯɢˣ½ԪС´һ£Ȼȥæȥˣ
ҶŬȰԼҪ½ԪףǿƲס룬ʲôҪҪȥ
Ҷʧض˵ˣ֪ˣȥϢɡȻתӶ׼ķ䡣
ȻֻǶ飬Ƿ伸ǰջ鷿õģϲĴɫڴ϶˺ɴʡ
˵֮ҪҶҵģ½ԪѾͬôˣĬǵĹϵ·Ѿˡ
Ҷ翴ŷĲãͻȻί
ôǰԼкҲðôҴҵˣԼȥĶˡʲôʱ֪
վڴǰԥóֻ֪òø绰
ͻȻһ磬Ǻ¡¡˵ưƵк¡
Ҷһڵĸոռݳ뿪½ԪףҲ˲ԥֱӸ˵绰
ǵ绰һͱ˹ҶˣһֲһΣֱӹػˡ
ͷԽԽһʱҲûͣ˼Ҷֲݳʵ̫Σˡ
ô㶵վڴϣһ͸½Ԫײ绰½Ԫ׵ֻʼչػ
 

058

ҹһҹδߡ
һڼ侲ȣΪ½үӿǣŰָɸ½Ԫȴһǵ顣
յŽܲõֽ󣬲ûеһʱת½Ԫףѡ
½Ԫʱ򣬾塱֣һò涼ɫŮȴ֪½Ԫײϲĵ£½Ԫһȥ˹⡣
½үԼӹ鰮ķѧҵ˶ԽһֱûʲôøУɽӽ½Ԫͼ
ڹ⣬ŮӮ½Ԫ׵ģҲΪģΪ½Ԫ׵ס˷
˹⣬ˣ½Ԫ׶ǰһ졣
˵漣ɺϣǲŵģԸһ塣
ϣؼҶ磬ϵЦݣʱ;ֽϵݡ
û뵽ǣ½Ԫ׾Ȼô͵õϢǷŭĻ˵ʹҴȥֽϵĵص㡭
Ҷ½ԪȥĶʧɫٴѡ
Ĵ¸ͣʧˣ֪ԼǷȷľ
˿̵½ԪףðŵҵֽϵĵַǼҲѾˣյĽֵһˣӵٵÿ
½Ԫֽһվڲǰ
ֽϵȷʵģ嵱Ҳȷʵġ
֪Ϊһ֣Ըһ˿˿һĻأ
½Ԫһֱȵŵ㣬ٴοҵʱ˵ϵõ˲ݵ¼񣬹Ȼ˵ҵ¼УҵһμФƽˡ
½Ԫ׵ĿֶǶġ
ŴŮ˵ñס˴룬ò¶İ°;Ѿ㹻ˣ壡
½Ԫ׿λϣһݵлֱӿȥ½ϰ칫¥
ڰ칫ϴһ£½Ԫײóֻ˻ֻĻһµʮѣȫҶģÿʮҸһͨ
µһѣϰ˵룬Ҷһҹû˯
½ԪһۣزȥͻȻ뵽ԼպҶ綩˻飬ĻŵĻҶ֮ô죿
½ԪײŵֶסֻǱ༭ţڹ˾ϰ࣬
Ҷһҹû˯ĵֻյһĶţ˶Ҫˡ
ϰ鶼ûˣֱӿȥҰȿߡ
˵ʲô˼֮ǰΪµȥ̻ɶһûӰˣ绰ҲأֻһϱŲʮֵĶţҷһ£ǲǸң֮ǰǺҵģ
Ҷſڰȴϣߵ˵
ôϲ㣬Ǻ㣬о𣿷һҾ٬ˣ϶ϲġƶ˵
Ҷȴ˿ûбο˵ǲ˵ʹäĿпҸоˣоҲˡ
УȴڰäĿ㣬ôҲӦðȥɣڻǹһء
ҶήҲ̾˿˵ҾҺʧˡ
Ⱥɸֵذ˴Ӵק˵㻹ǲʶǸҶˣԹ԰ˣ㣬ҪһӪģ˵֮ǰͱֵ̫䵭ˣڸպã½Ԫ׸һƻҾͲס
Ҷ绳ɵؿʵһѶûеˣЩĶģ
ȸһͲˡı飬˵ȻûѣѶడЩҵģѲ⴫ľ顣
ҲȦˣѸ·һƵʣǰͻȻģ˻顣˵飬ǾǴʦ
˵ĹãҶ԰ȸղŵеĶ
áһظ˱֤
ǣҶһɨڰǶһȻһȥԺ˳Ըеȹӡ
Ҷشһȥ½ϣÿܲð칫ҵš
½Ԫ׼ҶʱڵĳԾ;ޡҶƽʱĴ磬ԶׯΪ충飬ױݺͷҲֻ¡ػɽһͷ
̫Ȼˣ
½Ԫ׺ļЦʵôˣ
ôӭ
Ҷ类죬ȴμǵðȵĻܲԸǹǰ˴գֱ½Ԫ׵İ칫
½Ԫ׸ղڷһļ򿪣߿˵ҵδΪЩļңǲǳñһÿ
ĻҶ˵ȴǱƵģʮӲһǱ˽Ĵʡ
½ԪǿסûԼЦ
ȸҶѡȹЩ̫ˣҶϣȹ׵ķ⼸Ҫ¶ˣֲڵس˳µȹӡ
ԣڹ𣿡½ԪϷʵؿʵ
Ҷڵغ֪ڹ㣬ܲܲҪôԵ˵һôݣ
յؿ½ԪһۣͻȻԼԲ˲ŻŰȵĻ½Ԫף£²̨ˡ
ҶεЦЦǸͻȻһе£Ȼȥˡ˵ӾҪܡ
½ԪȴһѰסߵô𣬾ˣ
ңҲǡҶ֧֧ᣬȴ˵һ䷴Ļ
⹴˵ļҲ̫ˡ½Ԫױ˵߰˱˰칫ҵС
½Ԫ׵˺ܶ࣬в֣½Ԫ״Ȥû뵽죬ȴҶӲĹó˻
㲻ǸɣҶΪѵʵȻϡͿصõҪĽؼҰ칫ʲôģ;߳ܡ
ҵȲˡ½Ԫɤ˵һѰ˷ڴϣȹӶѵ˫֮䣬ֱӶ˽ȥ
ҶҵץµĴŬԼܷ
 

059

½Ԫװ칫׼ȹӣóҶ绻ȹӣԭ½ԪһȥԶͣȴ½ԪֱӴĵļҡ
ֺ캣һҶۼˣûԾͻ˯˹ȥ
ΰ֮䣬½ԪǸȥϺһ£ʾԼѾԭˡ
ڶ죬Ҷʱ½ԪѾϰˡⰢ˵ǰΪԼ͡
Ҷһߺ࣬һ뵽˵ǸǺЧġ
Ŀ鲻࣬ҶӲͷȥҶµһҰĦݣͷʦѧһİĦַ
ҶԾϰʦ洫ʱʦ˵ʦҸѧô
ʦӲͷƤһأ˼ٶҵݣӲǰѵߵǾ䡰㲻̫ʺС˻ȥŸԼۣСѧúܺãҪٴһ㣬ҪȻЩ;綼Ħġ
ҶѡҪ£Ȼ˸߲ҵػ½ϣٹ˽ֺ½Ԫס
ÿܲð칫ҵţϷ½Ԫ׵İ칫ϣȻĵҪĦⷦ
ʲôʱᰴĦģ½Ԫʵ
Ŷ֮ǰҪȥ̼飬ʦѧ˵㡣Ҷû˼˵Լѧ
ӲʱѧģʱộѧӾͲˡ
½ԪŲٳַίؾܾһ㶼ۡ
Ҳ澭磬ɼⰡҶڵǰɷ˵ذ˰λϣʼ½Ԫ׵ļ羱֡
Ҷϵûûأ½Ԫײͷϵͬױһ㣬ڴСٴξܾĻû˵ڡ
ǣֻһʹһ߻ҪԼ᲻ᱻһзϡ
еۣ΢һ𣿡½Ԫ׽
Ҷ绹ǵʦĽ̻壬˵˵Ǿû滺Ķٰۣ㰴
½Ԫף
Ҷֵͣʱ½Ԫ׶˶򣬳һҲûо⣬÷·һƵۡ
Ҷ۵÷ָǰʵôûоɵ㣿㰴
½Ԫ׼æھܾ۵ģһ᲻õģԡҪһһΣ
Ҷ綯˶ԼָҲһһԼЩԲӦð
Ҷ뿪Ӱ½Ԫ׳һ̾һ١
˭֪˰Ħһ٣½ԪӭҶĺڰ
ڱķⰢ̵ָ£ʼ½Ԫ
ûеĶϾζĽӣٵû͸Ļƽ𼦵һܲ½Ԫ
ؼϵ֣εЦЦ
ҶӦøоԼ޵룬ʼøַֺԼ¶İ⡣Ȼֺ½Ԫ׶ЩܣȴʮܱҶΧתĸо
۶ֻһ
ʱ룬ҵͺˡ
ʵϣЩҲȷʵûҵйϢȷϵǣȷʵš
ųΪ׼Ҷ磬ĵȻЩۣһʱҶ϶Ҫ뿪ġʱ򣬼ʹᣬҶƢôܻͣ
ÿһ춼Լһһ졭
ϧҶ½Ԫ׵뷨ֻ֪½ԪЩԼˣЩ鹦Լ
ԼҶ磬ȴؽӵ˾Դĵ绰
˾ԴԹ˵˵һȥôûˣǷ֮ǰǺİһųȥ棬ܸȸһأ
Ҷ绹ǵԼǷһθȵԼᣬǰĸҺ棬ǰǻүӵͧأԪֻ칤Ƚæٵȵˡ
ǳ鲻Ӧǰƻõô˵ææˣ֮ǰԪ׻˵ʱѾˣͻȻ֪ͨҪȡڸʲô
ղ˵鱻ԪȡˣҶʡ
ǰ㡭᲻֪ɣ˾ԴЩԥͻȻεЦʲôԪֻ˵ʱȡʱٶæǻͷİټ
Ȼ󲻵Ҷ練ӦʹҴҹҶ˵绰
Ҷ㶵ؿǰֻ˶½Ԫðȥ龰
ʲô飬½Ԫ׿Է綨˵ĳƻԺԥض
ⱻرܵ⣬ٴӿԺ
 

060ӡ

Ҷ½Ԫ׺ú̸̸ʱҶȴ⣬ȴҶһ绰л˼ҡ
ҶһҾͿſڵľһͣãȥ¥ϡ
鷿ſڣȡ֤鷿һƬǽ壬ƺƻ
ְ֣ҶҶԣŵĲ㰲û¡
ʵô£ﱻˣûˣ
Ҷ̾ϢҡҡͷûˣСɨ鷿ŷֵģҵڶ֪ʲô
Ҷ￴˿鷿ĶᣬҹĺۼԣֵǮĶڣԲһͨ͵ԡ
ãҵʲô𣿡Ҷ糯յľʵ
һԱҡҡͷشΨһȷǣС͵ӦúϤĲ֣ԲܳɹܿľŴûбƻĺۼų
˶٣˵һֿܣȻҲǸ߷ַ죬ȥ֮Һͬǻһ鿴ͷܲҵˣҲңûжʲô
õģ鷳ˡҶӦ
鷳һͽСľ˻֣Щǵְ𡣡
˵꣬ӶѯһȻ뿪ˡ
ҶҶһ𣬿ʼ鷿Ķ
Ҷ鷿кܶҪļƽʱСӣ˭׽ġ
ְ֣ڼЩڰɣǸС͵ûҵԼҪĶ˵ġҶһʰһߵĵ˵
Ҷһ̾Ϣ˵ҷ֣չҶϵɢɣܾûвõҪԪҲҪСЩ׼Ҷҡ
ΪʲôҪǣĽ浣˭ǼжԹҶ粻ʵ
Ҷ̾˿ⳡϵľһ׮׮ɶǶԹ
ְ֡Ҷ絣ĵؿ
ҶЦЦҶҲô׾ܱ򵹵ġ
˵꣬Ҷ鷿ıǰ룬Ȼӡ
ͷҶϵĸӡºҪļԪ׽飬ȫˡ
ҶͷͻȻʵǸС͵᲻ΪЩ
Ҷüҡҡͷһʲôȱûбĺۼ
ǣҪЩҲһǵô߰ЩļֱգЩӡ¡Ҷͣסӡµײ滹ӡûи͸ӡࡣ
ͻȻ˲õԤУ̧ͷҶʵְ֣Щӡ𣿡
ҶҲҶʵӡ࣬˶Щӡ£
˲ץһԵף˵ְҪȥ˾һˣһԷɡ
ҸһȥҶ缱
ҶͣסŲתͻȻʵ½ҿʼﱸԪ׵Ļ𣿡
Ҷͷ֪˼
ǾͺáҶЦְֽܻæûоΪ׼ˣ½Ҷൣŵ㡣
ҸһȥæɡҶ絣ǵ˵
СҶؾܾһҶϵı׼ǻ֣ԹͻȥɣúôԪߣǹ˼½ϣôġ
ְ֡
ֻİȫˣְֲûк֮ǣȥɡҶ֣ת뿪鷿
ְִæӣҶĶ˼Էֱӿȥ½Ԫ׵İ칫ҡ
½϶֪Ҷݣÿνܲð칫ҶǲҪͨԤԼġ
ΣżҶţֱƿ˽ȥȥŷҲڣҰ칫Щࡣ
С㡣ȷӦк
Ҷ˵ͷڵʵ˼Ҵŵˣ
ûС½Ԫ΢΢ЦЦʾȥ
뿪칫ңҶʵʲôˣô
ղŵ龰ô½Ԫڳ
½Ԫ׶һ£˵ûʲô˵ˣ㲻˵ضȥסôôͻˣ
˵Ҷɫ½ԪףԥſڵæҶҳˣ˶ҶҵҪӡºͻļ
Ҷ˵ʼĩ½ԪԽɫԽأͨߵ绰ְ˰칫ҡ
һ˭չҶϵɢɣУҶͨҪʱ½Ԫ׷Ը
ûƽʱصͷӦãȻ뿪Σؿ½Ԫʵ֮ǰԸҲ齭ٵأ
½Ԫ׶֪ܡָǽ壬֮ôƺҶߡ
Ҷ֮ǰ½ԪΪ鲻ٶƢͷйȫѰҽ塣
½Ԫۿѱ棬һſڵȷһŰɡ
ŵͷ뿪
Ҷɻؿˣܾڴա
 

061Ķ

ҶԤĻҪ⣬ҶʧԵĵڶϣҶڽһֿŻˣ˶ʮˡųݻܣԭΪƣֿԱȫΪɣʼչ
ҶҸĿһ¥̣ýس⣬ҵΧʩӣ˫ִʮˡ
ڹϣ˾ٱҶлߣҶϵһֳĿͣ
ҶصĹΣҶѾûлؼˡ
鵽ʲô𣿡Ҷ罹½Ԫʵ
û飬֪ôæֻܰϣ½ԪϣϣܰҶҶɹѹء
½Ԫ׵ͷ˵ǲ̳ϵһֻ֣ǣԷһֱల£֪ΪʲôͻȻѣԷƺ˳׼ƶҶҺܲ
ҶȦ˲ҪȥҰְ֣绰ͨˣҵ
ȥɡ½ԪױסοӦĹϣֽԹϵɹ̽м⣬½Ӧûǰ˵ϻ
ҸһȥҶſļͷ˵
½Ԫ׵УӦҽҪȥҽԺġ
Ҷ糦θʣһ죬ûϼڡ
İɣڲʲôģڼҵҺϢ½ԪģһҪǵȥҽԺŴ뿪
½ԪߺҶһ㶵վ̨ϷҶϲԣ½ԪҲԡ
Ȼ½Ԫ״ǰһǰҪãܸоõԼʲôǶ統ǷݲòӰĹҲλܡ
ԤεǾϲҸ½Ԫ׶ʣյĽԼԸοڻҪ½ԪװҶҡ
ʮֽǣԲ·¡ܸʲôθֻ̫ˡ
С㣬ȥҽԺɡ
Ⱒ̵Ҷ˼ͷⰢƣЦЦãҽ껨ȥɡ
Ҷ粢ûŪݵİãֻ¾ģʱҡ
Сӿܹ½ǣ͹СצȥץЩݣ⵲ǰ档ҶΣֻŪһҲúЩ
ֱⰢٴδߴ٣ҶŷС½ԪڣȥҽԺ
˸յҽԺſڣͼһȺҽʿһλﲡ˵ݣݺϵʱƺۻҶġ
ҡҡͷǾ̫ˡ
½ԪѾΪԼҽùҺţֱȥ¥µݣֻͻȻٵ
ĻϵġҶġ֣ղŵݿڿǸӰӵ绰ͻȻ
²Žͨ绰ҶĴſǻ˹㣬ְֱ˴ˣײԴ˺öѪ
ĶҶҲŶ
һԵıںⰢҲע⵽ĲԾеؿ
ҽԺҶű˵ַ
Ҿ¥£ȥ㣡
Ҷϵ绰Ҷ翴һ۷æĵݣ˳Ųݿʼܡ
С㣬Сһ㰡Ⱒ̼æ׷˹ȥ׷߸һԵı˵Ͻ½绰˵Сİְֳˡ
ε绰ȴҶˡ
Ҳ˲ٴ׷Ҷ硣
ҶܵſڣҶĺ͹˾ϵѪ˻˻ΣýĹ˾һѡ
û°ɣ˾ɫҰףɵǵʵ
Ҷ˲ϻشվ֮ʵô£½Ԫأ˵ûµôˣ
ǸزĿǹҶҹͬģ˽˾Ҳȥֳ˵ֳ˴ͷĶ£ʧأҶ͡
½ԪأӦȥæģҶʵ
˾㶵ҡҡͷҲûм
Ҷ֤ƵŤͷҶģҶ˵ȷʵֳ
Ҷóֻʼ½Ԫײ绰绰ȴһֱ˽᲻ܿƵ˳յεֻĻϣȴֺܿ챻Ĩȥ
ָ˵绰صǱˡ
½ԪĶҶʵ
ڴһЩ˽¡
ҶԳЦЦ˽£ǸܣǶ£ܹ鶼ǱְֶҪҪ°ɡ
˶˵С㣬½Ըɡ
ҶֲԾսɤ˵á
ЩӱܵģڻҪˡ
 

062·

½Ԫ֪ҶµʱѾǽʮˡ
ʱֻͻȻյһţ˵ԭǼҲ磬ʱޣϣܾһ档
½Ԫ֪Ǹ壬ôöûв鵽ϢٴˣͷȥֵĲ硣
ûҪȥذҶҴ⣬ΪȽϽȥʱüġ
ڲ˽壬Ľ塣
ǰˣҲƯˣȻǼ٣ǿЩİˡһɫ˿ȹ£Сһһ˰֣Ϊ˾˿ڵλһģһ
˻ɫسԼǰϲ⡢ĻŭЩʶġһ̵顣
֣ʧþһǳЦſһһĴ
һɣͰֱƳϡ
м˴˵绰ʿҲһһкΪûֳҲڻʲôӡ
ǣҶ𱻴ˣж𵴣δѡ
½ԪվڲſڣͻȻЩҶ硣
Űţ˾Ҷ綼ͷ
Ҷ翴ƣʱ˻Σˤ½ԪĿһƿž˽ȥ
˱һ˾סҶ磬˿ؿڡ
½Ԫ״߹ȥһȭڹ˾ϣ˳Ҷ̻Լ
ýſ壬Ҷɫж㲡
Ҫ˵Ҷȴһϡ
㷢ʲô裡Ҷѳѹʵ
½Ԫ׼һˣҶһ⣬ڸղţ
˼ɵﻹвˣ½ԪһҶߡ
ʲôҶȥ֣ϧȴ㡣
ſһֻҲҶ
˾½Ԫ׶ţá
ʱһ곤Ļʿǡù鷿ֽŵˣüô£ҪȥҽԺȥ
½ԪҶȴ˿ϷɣҶΣֻöԹ˾˵ûµģ鷳չ˰ְһ
˾½Ԫ׿˻ջԥɿ֣󻹲ĵؽ¸Ҵ绰
áҶ˵ͷ
½Ԫһ·˴ȥ˵ͣ򿪸ʻĳţ˹˽ȥԼ˼ʻ
ʲô𣿡Ҷƽؿʵ۾ȴԶ׼ĴĭһͿըѿ
½Ԫĵ׵ŭͻȻɢˣһ˵Բҽ졭
ȥ˽¡ҶϴԳЦ⣬֪òŸҵǸȥæ԰ˣҲԲʲôѡɡ
ҴӦ㣬ǲǱˣϾҪˣҲҵİְ֡
ҲˡҶͻȻ˵
˵ʲô½ԪŭѸټۣѾͷǸˣ
˵Ƿ֣ҲˣҶһһٵظҲһԶ֪ʲô˽µ˽飡
½ԪŬסŭʵ㶼֪Щʲô
ʲô֪Ϊʲô֪ҲŲˡҶ˵꣬򿪳žҪߡ
½Ԫȴס˵Ҳ׼Ҳͬ⣡
ƾʲô׼ҶЩ˵һԶҪĶͲң
ҡ½ԪͻȻסȷʵģǽڽˣҪ뿪ʱ
汻˵ˡҶͻȻƽ½ܻбûеĻҾˡ
½ԪװסҶɡ
ҶЦһôؾƿ˳˦˳š
صһ죬ڿտĵͣ½Ԫ³ȥ׷ʱҶѾеĵݡ
Ťͷڳ˼ţȴ֪ԼҶԼ
ֻҶһˣźϵʱҶڵڿ˳
Ըŵ黹Ƿˣ½Ԫ׳
ҶҷƮҡİְҽԺԲѵʱ½Ԫ˵Ǽٰôõ£ΪĻһҵҶҪˣû˼ֵˡ
½Ԫס
ܾôˣҪչ˰ְ֣ҪҶҡ
Ҷ˲ᣬڳǰָֻԭȵƽ
 

063

ڶ죬ҶûѹҶҷȴңҶΪҶҳŮֻҶչ˸ףԼҶҵص
ȥ˾˽һ¹˾Ĳ״ȻֱȥĲֿ⡣
ļֿڶڰչйҪְ
Ҷ˲ֿĸһ𿪻ᣬֱ´֮ǰԱİ⳥еĲֿⶼҪһŲ飬ʾŲеĲֿⶼҪָӪ
ֿͼˣǶؿڱ֤԰ȫˣǹǸŰһ˵
ţǾ㹤һڲֿ⹤֤ǿֿǰȫġУĿǰְԱμģÿ׶һݷս
˽ͷӶ˼䣬÷Уɢæ֪ͨԱȥˡ
Ҷȥأߵ·ʱֱԺ˽лҶϰ칫¥
Ϊյٱ˵ҶлߣԺ˾ˡ
ÿҵܱ֤ԸɾҶ粢Լĸ׵ûлߣǣȻԺѾţֻϵ顣

ҶĴһᵽҶ࣬ԭҪӪôĲҵֻڰ칫ǩǩļ˵ġ
ص黹ûҶҵֲϳµ⡣ҶԼڷ첹һƶ·ϧ·ƶ࣬򲹶Ĳ
ҶѾҳһţƾҶ˵Щ⣬˾ȻԸǽҶ½Ԫ
֪Ҷ½ԪѾֵϢҶ½лԼ½ԪʱְҶϣҲ
ҶԳЦЦϧԼѾЧˣ½ԪҲˡ
ڰְֵİ칫ϸ߸ļûһô
ȻְѾˣȴΪ𵴲ܹҽԴѪףҶģָϣҶôļҵҪˡ
ǣԺƺְлߵ֤ݣְֵĲѾˡ
ҵûˣְֲȥΰôͦȥġ
ڣֻܾ½Ԫˡ
Ȼ½Ԫ׸ΪҶҵĲҵͰҶҵĲҵ͸ֻҪðְְȻ
Ҷ˾Ϳʼ½Ԫ״绰½Ԫײĵ绰ȥ½ϰ칫¥½ܲȴҪǰԤԼŶӡ
û뵽½Ԫ׾ȻĵزĵõֺԼֱɵϡ
Ҷ½үӣּææ˵绰½үȻϲҶ磬ϻǸΨͼˣҶʣµǵֵȻϣҶ˵簡ҶѾþˣģҶô㶼½ҵϱ
ı֤ҶһҲĲҪҶңǸ½Ԫס
ΪҶңΪ˰ְֻ֣ܷԼĴ
Ҷϵ
Ц½Ԫһ棬Ĳ֪ȥ˭ˣϣܰҡ
˺һſ˵ȥ㣬½ֵԼˣϹȥӦܼ
лл
Ҳ˵̾ϢŹҶ˵绰
ҶһݹȨת飬ڶص˲ſڡ
ԶԶأһ۾Ϳ½ԪףȺԶôۣȺ
Ҷ翴һ߽ߵǰ
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½Ԫɳϣеش㲻Ǻϲ˾һõ淨˵Ҵڿʼ˼ҵĲҵԴҪЮ˾Լ᲻Ӧܳŵ˶ã
ҶĹȻ˾˾ȴԼҵԼĻȥġ
ԥƬ̣Ȼת̬ȣ½Ԫڵ֪ˣҲˣ㲻ҪԹ˾ʲô¾ͳɡ˵ţȻ޵һ滨ģ
ϧ½ԪȴϧӸµؿҶĵˡ
Ҫⳡס˼ң½Ԫ˵ֱ練ƣԸȥûյ˹˾͵ĵ绰
½ܣ֮ǲЩ᣿˾ֱʵ
˼öඩ׷Ʊ½ϣ½ϵĴѹʵ̫ˡ
½ԪЦЦ˵ûᣬԵľǹ˼ң˵Ӧδޡ
ģ˾ɻʵһС֪Ķ½ˣ
ȥҶıˣҲҸ㡣½ԪЦһֽ˵ҵҪܼ򵥣Ҫô˼ƲҪôҶĽԼѡһѡ
½ԪȻᣬⳡȴӲ嶯ν֮٣Ȼô˵ˣ˾룬ҶĿ϶½Ԫ׵ĵߡ
Ҷദôã˸齥ô˵أ
˾þóĬ
½ԪҲżھѡֻ㻹һܵʱ俼ǡ˵͹Ҷ˵绰
˾ԥҶܸоõȴĲҲġ
½Ԫ˵Ļ̲ס˸¡ô˼ų˹˾δޣù˾ʼϲôܾôˣ
½ԪôҶĺӣȥ½Ԫ֣½ԪҲӦġ
ܲԸϣȰ½Ԫ׵ģƺֻҶˡΨһֵҵǣҶ̬ȿ½Ԫƺûа߸Ҷ硣
ҵᶨŲԶҶĲ¶˾ġ
ҶߵҶĲ⣬۾ţõ󣬲˽ȥ
Ҷ翴üʵǰְֳʲô𣿡
ǣҶҡҡͷһ˽æ
Ҷĵۿᣬƺգ۾ܵҶȻԸһ𣬵˵˵ʲô£
Ҷĵ˲˵˾֪Ķǵ˽򣬽Ȼ㡭˼ڶҪƲˣ˾һ°ɡ
ҶĻ˵ɲ꣬ȴ󵼣Ҷһ뵽˰ְָסԺʱ˾Ϊ½Ԫ׶ŵΡ
½ԪΪԴˣ
Ҫǰ⻰˵Ҷ绹ţڣ½Ԫĺӡң½Ԫײǳ嶯ˣԵ޹ʷҪһҵء
ɻʵȷ½Ԫҹ˼鷳ΪңΪԭ򣿡
Ҷĵɫ˲ĻңֺܿſߵǻΪʲôԭ򣿹˾Ϊֲǲ֪Ͱɣ飬òã
Ҫ˽һҶ˵ҵԭһ˾͵ġ
ûаѻ˵һҶзȷ½Ԫ׻Լ͡
лл㡣ҶȻｹϻһмģȻȥְˡ
ҶͷĿ뿪
ҶҸճµʱ򣬹˾ûٰҶæڹ˾ҪæҲӲԥһǸ½Ԫ״˵绰
ιá绰ͨ洫ȴһŮ˵
ͣҶ缸˲ԺﹴճˣһͬŮ
һӾͲ³˶Ů˭
Ҷû˵ŮʵãԪ׵ϴ裬šϾͺˣԵһ¿𣿡
ҶԾûпȴܿƵ˳
ΪԼѾңٶ½Ԫױлˣһ뵽ڸһŮ˶һңЩ£񱻵һۡ
ι˵𣿡绰ͷһ
Ҷٲϵᣬ˵˼ҴˡȻʹҴҹҶ˵绰ҵһս˵ӱ
 

070и

Ҷϵ绰Ҷ㶵ؿ⣬ͷɫģҪˡ
ʱ䷢һУҶֱһΣ׵Լͬ˷һ㣬ҪԼĺȫҶҡ
һξͺˣϹ˭Ҳ˺ûгһ޹
ͻȻףžžžشڴϣ鷿ܳ缱æҶӴԱȻ˴
ڿɲƽҪиԾ¾͵꺢ɡܳ˵ëݸ
ҶëӦһ֪ˡ
ܳԣź֪ʵòǿ˰ɣҲǣķ꣬ûվڴ߾ܰʪĵز
Ҷ粢ûлشɻش˵ˣ˯һ
ܳ类ֻ㬵뿪˲˼󣬸½Ԫ״˵绰
˵㲻Ҷ˰ɣиҪ泩ô£
ˣ绰ͷ½ԪʵΪʲô
Ҳ𣿡ܳᡣ
½Ԫ׶˶٣˵ã֪ˣûҾȹˡ
㶼֪ʲô˰ܳ翴ԼҶϵĵ绰ɷ˸ۡ
½Ԫ׹Ҷܳĵ绰ŷҶʱϵûӵͨ绰ǵ绰ȴʾǱġ
ֻ𣿡½Ԫ׳һԵĽʵ
Ȳһ٣͵㽡ϴʱ򣬵绰ǡˣʲôż£ˣԲĻ
½Ԫ׳ЦЦûʲôԲģ´е绰Ϣ㲻ˡ
õġҲЦЦͷֻŲ豭ָȴʶؽ˽
½Ԫȥ¥鷿Ҷ˵绰
Ҵ绰ˣ½Ԫʵ
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Ҷһ绰û뵽Ϊȴǹ˾½Ԫ׵¾;ﲻϲµر˿Цһʵô˵ͣȰҷŹ˼ң
Ҷ类˼ҲֱԵ֪ΪʲôҪԹ˾
ԵĲǹ˾Ҷģָʹ뺦ҵĺӣȻҪѵ
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½Ԫ˵ԣڻҪΪ˾𣿡
Ҷ˻˵˺ӵҶģ˾ûйϵֱӱҶģΪʲôҪԹ˾
Ǹ˾鸴ȼˣһֱź˿ţ½ԪͻȻʵ
ں˵ʲôҶü
Һ˵½ԪЦ˼ñǿֱҪǻըˣôάѵΪϲ𣿡ܳ绹˵ĵؿˣҲΪ˹˾ɣΪ˽Ĵ̼Ҫο䡣
½Ԫף쵰ҶһѹҶϵ绰ֻ˳ȥ
˵ϲ˾ǿЦҪϲ˾ͺˣ͹˾飬˾ƭͲôʹˡ
Ҷ㶵ؿˤڵϵֻĻ£Ȼ󳹵װȥͬϣ
½ԪԭΪǾ쵰ͻȻһ泹û˶ŵ绰ι绰ȴʾԷѹҶϡ
ɵٴβ˹ȥȴ޷ͨ
½Ԫ״Ҵ¥Կ׾Ϳ˳ȥ
վڶ¥ߵĽ壬½Ԫ׵ĳӳĻҧˤıӡ
½Ԫ׿ߵһ룬ͻȻ侲ҪҶ绮ΪʲôڻҪżȥյһ·̣ѳӿͣ£Ȼܳ˵绰
ܳؽ绰ʣôˣʲôָʾ
ҶֻػˣȥĲ
ܳ°࣬Űѳӳ￪ЩԸ˵Ҳǰȥû°
ȥϣȻڸʲô½Ԫײͷǿ
úúãףھȥܳ缱æ̣¹ջҽԺĳ⡣
֮ܳ˵һ˯ˣֻˤڵϣӦǻˡ
ã֪ˡ½Ԫ׹Ҷ˵绰
ô˵ллܳٴαҶϵֹֻ
½Ԫ׶ǰĻ˻Ȼֻţͣ˼ҵļƻ
ȻҲȻظֱӵתͷķ˻ȥ
 

071

ڶһ磬ҶʱһµֻĴͷ˿ԼˤǲһģһֻͷһɫĿֻͨǡ
ܳ緹Žʵϲѡġ
Ҷҹͬǵл˵ֻǮʹҽҩ۰ɡ
òãܳЦŰ˰֣½ѾΪұˡ
Ҷ½Ԫ׳ܵ£鷳Ƶ̾˿
ܳ緹һһǰ˵̾ˣ˼ҵѾˣУͿԳԺˣⰢ̻㡣
˵½Ԫ׷Ź˼ˣҶԾʵЩԼǲǻˣ½Ԫ״绰ʱ½Ԫ׵̬ȻʮǿӲ
ǿɲĲƾֽˣԼٲˡܳ˵½Ԫ׻Ҹ㣬֮ԻŹ˼ң̫ѹĺӣͬʱΪ˱ӵİȫϣԺܰĵĹԢס
֪ˡҶӦȻ½ԪòҲһкηοڶ֮ǰѾסһʱͻȻҶңְָˡ
Թ緹Ⱒ̴ҶⰢԵƬ̣ȴȥҶĲ
ǿҶģҶĵġ
ҶĽеϣ̧־͸һ⡣
ҶʮɵҶı½Ԫ״׵ֻ
㣬ΪʲôңҶ͵ʵģʮֿ
ҶָԼС˵Ϊʲô㣬һ㣬½ԪΪʲôԹ˾㵱治֪𣿡
Ҷװɵ˵ҿıֽˣ˾һûлء
㲻лңҰǹ˾㡣˾Ҫ֪Щ£²½ԪױҲҪ˻ˣ
˵ȫʤ𣿡ҶĽ͵򳳼ܣΪ㲻ҪӣҲŻһʱϡ
ҿǴ¥ˤû˺ӣҲһذɡҶ˵
Ҷװȥˣ˵Ĳǹģ¸߹˾һٰЩ͸©˰ְְֻ֣ܲ˵ġ
ðְֵˣҶӶؿһΣһΣһ԰Ϊְ֣߰ϲ񶾵Ů
֪ˣҲ´ˡҶĳ˵
Ϊ֮ҶƳһۣת뿪
ҶĿıӰϵļŤ´ΣһҪ
ҶⰢһĵĹԢյңСܵĽűߣҪ
СһﱻⰢĲ²Ѿ˲١
Сһ飬Ĳû뿪ǰģ
Ⱒ̸˵½Ԫûס
ҶԳЦЦȻˣڲ֪Ķء
ⰢҶĶͿʼæ緹Ҷ翴ǰϤһУԺﲻƵ˸½Ԫ׵۹
ӵÿ䣬ʢ½Ԫ׵ۣЩװ
ӿ½ҶⰢ̰緹ڳʱҶӵļȣ
ⰢŵøϽѲ˶˻˳һ嵭࣬ҶڣûסϤ˳
Ⱒ˼СˣҶ绹һûܳ¶ȥθѾµÿտҲˣɷ·жͷ²ͱƵܡ
ҽԺʱҶѾôˡ
Ҷ¸ͣⰢֱ̼Żˣָ½Ԫײ˵绰
˵Ҷ½Ԫ׾ʹʲôϽҽԺȥ
ⰢӦǣִ˷صҽԺܳͽӵ½Ԫ׵ĵ绰һͻٴȥ˼飬ǼĽȴЩϡ
½Ԫ׸ϵʱܳļ鱨˹ȥ˵ָ궼
½ԪһĿʮеؿ걨棬üʵΪʲô¸֮ͣǰѾʧˣⰢ׼ķҲк󾭳Եġ
ܳʼ˵Ȼǰڷºڸָ궼µôͣԭ򡣡
⣿½Ԫ׵üͷĸˡ
ܳ̾˿˵ôıʣͻȻеⰡ
½Ԫ׵ͻȻһһʵǲ˵ųӣ
ܳɫЩԭͷ֧֧˵Ҳһ˵
һ½ԪײֿڵҪô죿
뿪ˣȻͺˡ
ܳ˵̾˿ֻǣҶĽᣬûô赼ġ
 

072С

½ԪһλҽҶȰ⡣ҶϺϣʵʽչȻʲôʲôֻܿӪҺ
½Ԫվ⣬µϡﻩҶ磬Եܳʵͦã
ʮûģپã¾ҪԴ˺ͺӲˡܳ
½ԪȴͻȻŭһƿţߵҶǰס˫ʵӾôѿԸĥԼҲҪãǾʹܳ磬ھȥ
ܳȰ嶯ħ侲һ¡
ȥ׼½Ԫ
ܳ翴Ҷһۣ̾ϢһתҪȥȴҶס˵ȵȣҲʧȥӣӦҪҶҵġһǶ½Ԫ˵ġ
ҶҲû뵽ᷢչԽЩԽ£ҽ˵ǱʶųӣǿúõİҪָҶҰ
½ԪЦûˣҶȻҪᣬ˵ģ
УҶסԼĶӣ˵㲻ôңһġ
ô½Ԫ׷ʵԼȥˣô
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һ̣ͻȻʶԼŻ²ֹԭ½Ԫְֺޣ½ԪܣµԺй½Ԫ׵Ļ䣬µЩ˶ĵʳһ
Ҷᣬһεη·ô½Ԫ׵ϣסοĳ嶯˵㲻Ǳһ˸ͻȥˣַھΡۣͲ㣬ôҲͷˡ
½Ԫ˵ºӣҰָҶϣǹƽף㲻Կġ
ԣҲԿҶͻȻЦֻЦȴһЦ˲Ų۽ǵˮ½Ԫ˵Լ˿ࡣ
ȥ򡣡½Ԫ׶ԵܳԸ
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ҶһһذοԼȻ߳ϴּ䣬ùʣµİֳ˼ڣΣû³
һֱһԿŵܳ磬ľս˿
ܳص칫ҵʱ½Ԫλϵ
½Ԫװ˰üģЩƣʵôˣ
ܳԵ㶫ˡܳҲ˿ҶҽͲĵĲˡ
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½ԪԳЦЦͲҪ·
ҶĸоЩ֣ЩֲǲϲΨһ˵ǣҪȢ壬Ϊô࣬ٹˡ
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Ҷ羭½Ԫ׵Ĵ̼չָ˽ʳ̫ʳԲãĵǶˡ
ٴҶԺʱܳЦŵɱˣҽԺһ㶼ӭ㡣
ҶҲЦЦллЩչˡûܳľְ𣬿ָҲûô졣
ˣ߰ɡָܳһͲ뿪ӡ
ҶٴʧЦҲ˻֣»صĵĹԢ
ΣӭĲûС
ҶڷĴңﲢûСӰⰢʵСȥĶˣ
Ⱒ̰һ˵½˵СϾֻСҰèˣҲ㣬ҰС͵ˣȺӳٰӻ
֪ˡҶ翴ŲԶտյèܣ㶵˵

һֻëɫư׼ӵСèͽһСèİӽ˼½Ԫ׵Ľűߣ϶
½Ԫεذм䣬ḧ˼£Ȼı˵ȥɣȥﶼС
СèȻߣĶҲȥ
ʱǡô¥ߵСèϲĵش˹ȥʵ͸ҵ𣿡
½Ԫ㶣ȻЦŵ˵ͷ
ÿɰСè䡣˵Сè£Сè½Ԫֿ˿һԸӡ
ɴ˻Ǹȡְɣʲôأ
ͽСɡ½ԪĶ˵
СҲ̫˰ɣҡͷ񶨵õġ
ͽСɡ½Ԫ׼ֵϲ֡
һ˲ȻֺܿЦ˵ðǾͽСˡ
СèҲŽһִȤè˵Ҳϲء
ѽ½ԪЦţ˴èһ˻
 

073µ

½Ԫȷʵڣһµʱ䣬ҶҴĲҵȻʧҲ٣󲿷ֺĲҵǶȫˡ
Ҷ⼸ڼĲٴλҶϰʱȴӵҶĵ绰
绰һͨҶʹʵǸô£½Ԫ֮䵽ô£
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춼û½Ԫ׺͵ߣ㿴ı˵ô£
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ҶǿưԼ˼ȥ½ԪйصĹֹˣ½Ԫȴһ˳ǰİťֲ½Ԫ׵ϡ
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˻һҶﰵ⣬һ·װİˣȸ½Ԫͳһ˵ˡ
ȻҶüͷ˵ȴ˵ƬǼٵġ
Ҷ˲߳һ㺹½Ԫ¶ʲôš
½ԪȴͻȻ֣§ԼЦ˵룬ƭġ
Ҷ͵̧ͷһĿɤﲻϲ£½ԪײǴ̹˰ɣ
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½Ԫ׵Ļٲΰ룬ȥý彻Ȼʦüý巢廹ǲġ
ԣҶһŷŻض½Ԫ˵ò첻оݣһ֪࣬Ҫ½ԪǱݵˡ
Ҷӵؿ½ԪףȴϿ˿ɻ󣬵뵽½ԪڰҶҵʵԼҶάЦ˵ǾͺãȻæҲҪԼĸ飬ƽʱȥߣȻͲˡ
ָҶ˼
˵Ķԣ½Ԫ۴ؿҶһۣĽ飬Ҳ˼ǡһ磬ʱһһϯġ
Ҷص˵ͷ˵Ҳûˣæȥɡ
½ԪЦŸǣҶһ˲ű֮½ԪϵЦѸɢָֻԭĮģ
Ҷ࣬תݼЦŸпͰⶼݵôУֲԼᱻƭġ
 

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½Ԫ׹ȻģҶȥμӴ硣
ǰҶԥ㲻ȥμӴ磬ְǱһ͵ġ
½Ԫ״򿪷ţʾȳȥȻŽ˵ⲻΪҶҲΪ˰үӣ֪顣
Ҷͷԥֱ½Ԫ׵ĳ
֮ŷ֣ⳡٰĳȻϴεĴͬһط췽Ȼ˹Σ½ԪװŵϯϴεҲһģһ
磬˼壬ҪĿΪļ裬ʽļ֮ǰһС͵ᡣ
Զ̨ظ裬Ҷȴȫû˼ͣϤĳϤĻ䣬ԽŬԼԽˡ
½Ԫײɫֽз˱ʹֵ֭ݸҶ硣
𣿡½Ԫʵ
áҶӹ֭˼ڣͻȻ˵ȥϴּ䡣
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ϳԵĶͲ࣬Ǽڹֶ֭˳
ǹɶĵľͷƽϢ˰ˮڣ·شŵʱ
һ·ҶʱЦЦȻײһļͷ
ʲôҶ类ײ˸Щŭʵ
ϴּʪûд߸ЬҪղָͲһôˡ
ǸŮͣ½Ų̬ʮ٬صǸղˣûǶԲ𡣡
ǹײҡҶ絲ǰ˵
Ůסȥ·صҶ˵ֻ۾ǹˣѾǸˣİ
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ǹġҶٴǿ²ҿˣӦҲˣҺúҵ·ȴң˵˭ģ
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ԣ½Ԫһ߶ԳŮһŪĸ飿ר飬ǰ㵱ʲôȷ߿˵
ҶشԳЦЦ˵ʱΪѾˡԲҵ˸Ѱõο壬岻֣½ԪĻ飬½ԪΪ֯İһ
ˣ֮ˡ
Ⱥݺݵذһۣʱˣ㻹Ϊ˵оӦá
ˣҲҶҵæҲԼѡ񰡡
ǰ۵ر˾䣺
ҶſڰȼЦЦãûз

½Ԫһҹûл绰Ҳһֱ˽״̬վ̨ϣһҹ
ֱˤĶˤˣСŵòһԵĽҿʱ򣬲һͨ绰ˤԼֻ
ȻˣƲ󣬱µøһΣ½Ԫ׻ִ⿪ȥҹҶ硭
˵ǸֻȴѴ󲿷ֵʱ䶼˷ϣֻΪǸδĺ
ǡ½ԪѾڲ֪ϲǸ
һ뵽̲סȥݱ侲һ£ӻûȥǰһڣȥ
 

080ǵĺӸҪ

½ԪһĹԢʱ򣬿δӵ绰һʱز˹ȥ
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½Ԫ׸յ˾ãʹһİ칫š
½ԪæµļͷҲ̧˵
½ܡ
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˵ͣ½ԪһۣԾȻż˵Ҷӡ±õ£Ŀǰû鵽Ǳ
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УҼ˶ҶģҶûйϵ½Ԫӡ±õºΣҶĸйء
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½Ԫһ٣ϵıЩӡ
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֪½Ԫ״°˻һᾡҶ˻飬Ȼġ
ε˵һҶҶˣԼȣҶ绹Ǹ𣿡
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081ǰ

½Ԫ״Ӳʱ򣬿˵һԵܳ硣
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½Ԫ۷ɨһۡ
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½үҲˣŹ˵֮Ҳͬ⣡
½Ԫȴһ֣үүͬͬ⣬ҶҪġ

Ҷ̹꣬˶⿪ĽᣬĵĹԢһ졣
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ˣԪ׵ĳŮֻˣҪҶ羡˻飬ȢΪ¸½үӶ˾Դѹ˵˵ҪҪҶ簡½үȻûӦҿԪҪ˻ˡ
ȵĵؿҶһۣת鷿Ų˵֪½ԪҪ£ΪʲôôͻȻ˵ĺ֮˻𣿡
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082¶Բ

ǰ½Ԫ׵ĸĸ˫˫ڳ½үӿԼӵʬ壬Ҫʹȥ
Ȼһ⣬еϧһд۲֣û뵽е֤ݶָԼĴӡ
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ŪֵǧַȴĶӡѾһˣôɱһ
ͽˣܶٲ׷ͺڷ˵ʹҲһˡ
ԺӴϱһ㣬ѡ½׿Ȼ½׿Ȼٵٵ֤ݡ

½ԪͷҲⱲǷˡڣȴ˲֪أв
һҹ½үշת࣬Ժﲻͣţѽ½ԪŪߵĿܡһ乫ԢҶ磬˿ҲΪȻˡ
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½Ԫûõȣʮһ̵ʱĵ绰˹
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½Ԫ׵͵͵شӵ绰ﴫ׼ҶȻƲסۣܡ
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绰ͷһĬã½Ԫ˵԰ѺӴ֮Ǿˡ
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Բ𡣡½ԪͻȻɳɤ˵磬Բ𡣡
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ԽԽǳ谮ԽԵԼθĿЦ
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½Ԫ׽ӵܳ绰ʱҶ˻ϢѾͨý巢˳ȥ
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Ҷ̾˿ǰסҶ˵ְ֣ȷʵ˱ˣҲûϵҲͼ޲ˣȻڸ϶ԲңҲҶңˡҡǿЦЦ˻飬ܱȽ˻ðɣ
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ΪáҶֵ
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ܳóֻµ㿪ҳȻݸҶ磬пǿϧȢСϱ
ҶӹֻԵذһ飬˵øܳһģһ
ҪʵûеĻͺúϢɡܳ˸Ƿջֻ
ҶһҹҲȥϢˡ
áҶ˵ͷ
ܳû뿪ãȡҶⰢ̣ʹųԵһҽԺˡ¼˵ģûϵ£ֻ˵öе㲻ҪҽԺ̥
ҶͰȶҪæһִҴ뿪ˡ
Ⱒι˶ֻ˯˹ȥ
һߣܳϢ֮ǰȥ½Ԫ׻㱨Ҷ
½Ԫ׵۱ӵˣ˿ڲأ촦˿ִ֮׵ĵΣһͿԳԺˡ
ܳȥʱ򣬻ʿڰ½Ԫ°˿ڡ
ǰ˵ƴⶼ㰮
ˣ½Ԫüʵô
ܳʵش״̬е֢Ϣûˡ
Ǿͺá
ʿѾΪ½Ԫ°ˣһԵףֱӻرȴմŲѪ
ְ̧ӽͰȻܳ˵һס
ܳ类ʽ̬ȸһ㶣˶ôָʹĴϰ塣
ɡܳε˵
˻صܳİ칫ңܳ緭һµװ׵ݸ½Ԫס
£½Ԫ״ϸպúʡ
ллװǮԺ˻ġ
½Ԫ˵꣬תҪߣȴͻȻܳס˵㲻Ҷе̫ǿӵʱҲȷǴϣֱϰɣ
ԸΪһŮȥˣǰ
ܳãΪһְԱбҪһԼԡϰ塣
½ԪȥĽŲͣ˶˵ҳϲûȣΪҶһˣ֮ĸ飬ʲô˶ܱȵġ
˵꣬ͷҲصˡ
ܳ뿪ıӰʼ磺һǿΪԼˣһԼΪˣĸҪƺĲѡ
 

090ôҩ

½Ԫ׻صʱ򣬷һ¥ﻹ뿪ʱģԭӦ͸Ȼɢҵڵϡ
ͻȻǽգȴһԵʧһһҹ
ϵҴ¥ҵķţſڣ˯š
½Ԫ̾ϢһŲǰͷһ¡
Բ𡣡½Ԫ˵
ŵ۾ͻȻεᡣ
½Ԫ۲ѣ˱ڻ͵졭
֪ͨĵ˫ۣ˵ΪҶɣҲֻŻôż
½ԪûнƱ磺͡ϾȣҲؿȴʲôܡ
ת棬һַֻĿʵԪף룬㰮˵Ҷ磬ң
Ȼ㣡½ԪסԼؿϵ֣Ҳ˵ӵ㵲ǰһҾ϶ⱲӾˣͷûиı
˵仰½Ԫףֳֿڿ޳صſ½Ԫ׵ļϣҭ˵ĺ£֮հ׵ʱ䣬ƯŮүүֲϲңٳٲᶩʱ䣬̫ûаȫˣ
֪ҵĴ½Ԫָȥϵᣬû˿ôι
һݣҪָʲôڿ޵ôģɼƽʱ˵ö
˵κίġ
ԺҶ籣־ģУҲٸүүġ½Ԫױ֤
ʵؿҪ˵ЩʲôͻȻԼСϡһ
ôˣ½Ԫ׽ŵʵǲǶӲˣȥҽԺ
˵ʹҴ´һ·ѽ屧˳ȥҽԺ
շ̵ʱ½ԪײŸо۵ʹӦǸղű̫˿ѿˣϴɫ·һʱѪ
ںϣɫ԰ף½Ԫײɼӿ˳١
ҽԺ֮󣬸εˣϴεĲҽ
ҽż鱨棬سЦЦ˵ûʲô󰭣ǹȣټûϢòɵģԺҪעϢֺ顣
ҽ˵꣬½ԪԽöԽпǷǰ
ҽ˽һۣ˵ȵȣȥСõ㱣̥ҩȥϼСӦþͲˡ
½Ԫ׳ͷҽЦе߳䣬ֱȥҩ
ܿ˼ҩ·˯һ뱻ʿѵܳ硣
ܳƳһҩУһߴŹǷһʵˣ

ҽĪһ£Ȼ˳ܳ߿Լҩҩϵ֣һԴε˵һżôҩˣӦñ̥ģͻȥöлҡ
ֵܳ緢ˣŲҽıӰɻü˵˾䣺
½Ԫ˵ҶԺǰһ죬ٰ˶硣
ڶһ磬·ý嶼½Ԫ׵ĶƬҶֻһص;˳
Ϊһ׼㿪ӣͷЦ̵Ƭû̫˸УֻǸԼ˵һжˣ¿ʼˡ
˾ҶԺⰢ̰óԺ֮һ˳
·ϵĳ࣬˾ĳЩ죬ȴƽȣҶ粢ûоò
Ӹ߹һ·ʱͻȻصһײʲô
˾ͣ³顣
Ҷ³ͷ˾ʵôˣײʲô𣿡
˾Ҳ೵Աߣһֻèʬ壺ײһֻҰè
˾ӳöסèʬ壬ӽͰҶȴͻȻ
ֻèϤĻɫͻȻСͻȻ·ڲԶĵط֮ǰСһסĹԢ
ߵèǰĶ䣬ȻһСڡ
СҲһһģһĻڡ
Ҷžһ͵һεδСʬϡ
ôõСˣ걦ٰӻؼء
Ⱒ̼ᣬæ³οĺ󱳣Ȼ˷
ʱҲϳС
ҶֱⰢ̷˳Իվͷ˾˵ڻ̳ɡ
õġ˾ӦһͿʼڿӡ
ҶᣬתⰢʵСǱڳôֱһֻСҰèˣ
Ⱒھε̹׵ԲС㣬ϴҶˣСԭǱ½ȥģںΪʲôֱҰèҲ̫

ǶסŽ壬廳ˣȻǲèˣԾͰС
Ҷ½Ԫ׵˽⣬С֣ʹϿĴڣǲٶġǣǽ
ǸЦݺƵŮˣƺûпôأЩѾ޹ˡ
Ҷ㶵ؿŴ⣬½ԪһǣҲһСˡ
 

091ղž

ҶҽԺԺҶ壬Ͳ׼ȥ˾úڼϢ
ҲҪע壬ǧ̫ˡҶҲĵҶ
ҶЦЦ˵İɣϻ׼ʱؼҳԷġ
ҶĿ¥»ػĸŮ޺޵뵽ΪʲôҶôãΪʲôÿܻΪģ
תݸ½׿Ȼ˵绰ʵΪʲôôˣҶһ㶯ҲûУ˵ҪڲҶϵġ
绰ͷ½׿Ȼ̾˿˵ⶼλֶӣû뵽Ǹ֣Ҷ˻ˣŰסҶϡ
½ԪףҪô죿ҶЩʵ
ż½׿ȻȰĵȵȣһһöûأܿܵõԼҪĶˡ
Ҷ˿
½׿Ȼ˵һмҪæ½үӲǸһʯ͵ҡ
ҶĲ̧Ѿôණˣ㻹ҪδҲ̫̰һɡ
ҪǿҪţɻܵţԱǣ½׿Ȼ͵
Ҷܱ͵һᱻֵġ
ģ׼һԼƷʱѼٵĻȥˡ
Ҷüͷ룬մӦãõ֮ٸϵ
ȻҶĴۺܸߣֻҪܰڽ£Ҷľ;úֵá
ҶҽԺѾɵùͷˣĴԺй䣬պðԼȥμӳչ뻻첻æĻȥչ
ðʮӺչſڼҶԥشӦ
ſڻϺ󣬻ֽ˳չ
ƫͷ˿˵񲻴뿪ˣ
Ҷε̾˿벻ôʧȥĶҲ˰
˺ˣǲ˵ˣȥȥ
ȺҶ£קֱչģһ߿һ˵ͣҪҶһ䣺ô
˵ʵҶЩȤһ·ϵĳģˡ
ЩģױݿţȴĻֹ˼ԣֶģرȷʵһ𣬵ȴ
ҡҡֱۣٴʵأôԱأ
ͦġҶ˵
˻ķܣб۵˹ȥ
ҶЦȥԱ߿ˡ
»ɲ飬ת˸䣬ײ½Ԫ׺ͽ塣
˺Ҳѡָǰ˵ͣ½Ԫ΢΢ͷ΢Ц
ȸ߹ȥĿͲ׽
˿ûеĵӺΣǺƵЦЦ·֮ǰ鱦רִڡ
ȻʵôҲѡ𣿿ˣ
Ҷɿؿ½ԪһֺۣܿŲ
½ԪϴξĲûˡ
ȼҶûͻش㿴ûġ
ǣҪһ𣿡彨
ȿһֱĬҶ磬ܾ˵˰ɣҲ̫ϲ֡
Ҳǿòس˵ͷǡ
ȺҶһǰһԱߵķ˹ȥû߳ͻȻһСģ
Ҷʶ̧ͷȥֻŵһ鲣ͻȻҶһбƿǰİȣԼ򱻻һ
ǽһѣҵǰ
ǽ屧ʵ̫ˣҶ¼ѹı̲סһ¡Ȼһ죬ֻǽű߲Զ
øֻأˤʱֻԵ˼С鲣ûˡ
չİԱҲһʱ˹ͻ״
Ҷ²壬üʵʲô
ڰȺ棬ǿЩ룬ҲɽȴͻȻܹյĶӶеˡ
屻һ£½Ԫ׼ʱס
½ԪײҶʵ˵ʲôղž㡣
ҶһִֻСϣס˵ҵʱԶҲҡ
弱ǰ˵Բҹ˾룬ʱҿҪˣͲܲ˵˹ȥϣ⡣
Ҷʵܣ˽һۣȾҪߡ
Ķ񣬺ܿ챻½Ԫ׽Ϊмͱӡ
̲ס潭ƽʲô˼ȴҪǸ㲻Ҳˣȴڲʱ
ûҶͷ˵ȴͻȻʱյöʹССһ£ֻһ£̫ˣҲ
ǲǻҪٸһǸ½ԪЩʵ
ʱǰ˵½ڹ˼ûҪ˭Ǹ˼У˵ûƱˣǾͿ϶ûƣ
½Ԫ׻˵ʲôȴԵĽקקˡ
Ҷ翴ǵĻԳЦЦǶ
תȣԶԶ뿪ǣ·̲ס롪
ղŵΪǲΪ˾أ
 

092è

ӳչ֮ҶƲ˺ü졣
ȻҪ½ԪˣǸ鲢ˮͷ˿أˮͻֹͣǻΪ½Ԫ׵ʺͻɶеѹ
ֻҪ˳ǣⲻ˻һδθż˵Ϣˣ볹ױܿ½Ԫ׺ͽ壬ǹ
½ԪףңʼҶ֮ǰ飬
֪ڳչίڼüûгţڵԼһ档
Ҷƴ˵ɣҽ첻š
ΪʲôҪ찡㿴ãѵôûһɣҪƻҵСˡƶȰ˵аʹ½Ԫ׽г̣֤Ӱġ
ҶЩɶˣڼȷʵЩģʵȥĶ
ȥֹ԰ɣҶѾˣȥɢɢЩƬȽ
ðɣҶЭҹ˾ҹȥ
ˣھҸҿȥ㡣Ȼ˵
ôòҪ˰ɣҶЦ
绰ͷİȷ˸ۣ˵ҵСֻ˳մ𣿡
ҶСЦЦӲôΪȵСأԵ˭մ˭Ĺ⻹治һء
˹Ҷϵ绰Ҷʰһ£˰ȵĳ˭֪û߶ԶҶַԼֻڱˡ
һ߰ѳȥһߵЦ˵˵һɵ꣬ھͲʹˣ
Ҳһģ
ȳͦȣҶֱ³˱Ⱦڱſڵ
Ҷ¥ԼҷŵʱӭײҪҶġ
ҷʲôҶüʵ
ԴϴƬѪٵ֮ͽˣ׼˽Խķ䡣
ҡղֻˣʲô£ͽһۡҶĴ۾˵
Ҷ緢ֻԺȷʵðȵֻԼĺ룬㵹Ҳ˵ͨ
Žɣ¿˼ۣûзԵķۼ
´αҵĶ˵꣬һҶĴ뿪
ҶĻصԼķ䣬ԼͷµǸСӣ˿
û֡
Ҷֻٴ뿪ԺҶҲǸСӣȥȸ½׿ȻԼõĻ
Ϊһص鱦Ϊ뱻˷٣һ·ߵСģ³ʱ˿֣Σɫŵ˻¥Ա½׿Ȼڵİ䡣
ҪŽȥʱȴͻȻ˺֡
ģ
ҶɻؿŲԶҶģǡñԼ̸⣬һžͿһӰԼСŮŮм˶¥
ظŮҶġ
㶫أҶüʵ
ҶĳһԵķԱӻ֣ʾ뿪Ȼ߽Ҷ͵Լ棬ְҲ𣿡
Ҷͷ˵̸⡣ɻȴˡ
ʩһ㣬ܴʩãƽĶ̸ˣżҲЩСۣͨԼѣһ㲢ѡôεĵط
ǣûʲôµĻҾȥˣҶָİ˵
Ҷûзԣתֱӽᡣ
ȵȣõʲôҶͻȻסʵ
Ҷĵ͵ĵ黹Ƿˡְַ͵˽£Ա˵ԼǰĽ٣һʱ̰ְַ˹ᣬӺҶϵĻ
ҶĸŮҲ͵ͷˣᱻϳҶңͷ
Ȼ򵽲Ҷְ½׿ȻæǰסҶĸ첲˵ûʲôְȻؼҰɣмҪ˵
ҶĵĻңҶĶè壬˰ý־ҪȥǸӡ
Ҷۼ⣬ҪӾͼæˣȴΪ̫żûײӡ
ĺӱײ˵ϣڷʯײ˵ĺ¶˳
 

093ϾҰְ

ҶϵͻȻҶʵΪʲô˭
ûˣְ֣Ҫȥ£ȻȥɡҶǰ
Ҷ㿪һƿҶİţſڵ½׿Ȼߡ
½ܣôҶӵؿıЩʲô
½׿ȻЦ˵ֻ֮һСۣҶδ̫Сˡ
Сۣҿɲ֪ʲôʱеĽ飡
Ҷ˵ŵͷһͻȻ뵽ȱӡ±ãȴٳٲ鲻ߵ¡
ĿͻȻʹǿסתݺݸҶһ⣬ŭʵ鷿չӡºļй¶ȥģ
ҶľһʹŽ˵ģְ֣Щᡣ
᣿ҶЦ̳ʮ꣬˲е
ҶĻĸ׵·ͬˣӦϣҶҵʲ½׿Ȼ֮ԻҶģ¸½Ԫ׵Ķйأ½ԪһֱͬˮҶ½ԪһԵԼ
ֲҶǰʱΣô֣ԭл½ֱܵʡҶֿ½׿Ȼ˵
½׿Ȼ䲻ԴЦҶ˵Ҫ֤ݣûƾûݵң²̫ðɣ
Ǿ͵ơ
ҶĿ½׿ȻҶ֮俴һߣת뿪ˡ
ˣ϶֪ˣҸô죿ҶĻҵس½׿Ȼʵ
½׿ȻȻصݸֽο˵ᣬ黹תûʲôżġ
ʲôתҸôҶļæǰʵ
½׿Ȼͷ߶˼䣬Ҷ꣬ɫˣͣҡͷ˵УϾҰְ֡
½׿ȻλϣŶ˵ǸˣԼôѡ뱻ϳҶҡ˽ͷ˳ǵϲȦӳЦĻǾ͵Ҹղʲôû˵
Ҷվһɫᣬ׵һÿΪƷˡôõ
ʱ䲻ˣϵԽãǾԽ½׿Ȼ
ҶĻۣ˵ġ
Ŷˡ½׿ȻЦŲͨĵ绰
壬졣
ֹ԰ķһƬƬʢĺƣʱ
Ҷڹ԰һͣһաͣͣһҰõĵطָǰǿ÷˵վǶȻҪƬ
Ҷ˾˵ȥɣ٣Ҷļš
ߵǰոհںƣҶĽǶȣͻȻĿһʹ˲
ôˣҲ˲գæܹһԵϡ
ͻȻĿеʹҶ˵ţش˼
ȼɫãǵʴ𣺡ȥҽԺɣ
ҡ
Ҷ˵Լû£Ŀַ˶۶۵ۣһǿҵıˣĪһ
ʱֻͻȻ
ֻ˽֮ݸ
绰ͷһŮãҶĸ׳˳ڽʮʮ߷ȥˡ
Ҷ˲£ֻžһˤ˵ϣȻǰһھ˹ȥ
һΣμ˾ŰְҸϣְֺżߴ˾ٿ㡣
ϾҪˣ·ͻȻбܳһʧصĻֱֱسǵĳײ˹ȥ
ײһӣ·Ϸŵͣ˾۶˲ӣɺİְֻţ
ְֵĹˣϷŵнҩҩȴڷĹ˦˳ȥŬ⣬ȥǸҩƿӣƿʵ̫ԶˣôŬ
Ҷȥҩƿȴ񱻶ԭأĸߣӣֻؿŰְִ֣ۡ
ְ֣ҪҪҶﾪѣ޺
磬硭Աһһؽ֡
ҶͻȻӴħƵģ۾ʣ˵Ұְˣңǲģǲƭң
в̣񼸾˸Ǹ˵Ҷȷʵˡ
ƭˣƭӣҶͻȻһ߿޺һֱĶͳͳ˵ϡ
ֱ˻ߣ̱˴ϡ
ʱƺһЩſ㶵ʵô죿ԺϾ͹һˡ
磬ҶϣӵģһҪǿ㻹ңжı㲻һ˵ġȿŰο
ǰӵıΨһˡ
Ҷ۾ƾ᲻ͣʡ
½Ԫ׺ܳ˲վڲ⡣
ֱĶܳ̾Ϣ˵״̬ܲãӿҪסˡ
½Ԫɫѱص˵ͷ뿪ǰ˵˾䣺չ˺
 

094¸ϳ

Ҷܿͽ˸׹ʵ˸ǴЩ⣬֮һֱܻҽ̥գоյر
ҶᣬҶԺμӰְֵ
ǹ˼ЭҶĳģǰĹزμӸ˷ǳ࣬½ԪҲˡ
½Ԫ׸źѹѹȺԶԶؿҶһۣҶǰͬˡ
ɫ£С΢΢͹Ĭվţһᶼûôǹ䣬ȴ˸оõıˡ
½ԪҲʧȥĸʹͬܡǰһӵǣӦ壬ҪҶ籣־ġ
ҶĹֶһֱһԵⰢ˵ˣǻЩȥɡ
ҶĹǸͷ˵ټȻⰢһ˶
ߵſڵʱȴ
ģǴС㣬ǽȥɡⰢ̸ıڽ˵
ȴΪûԡ
Ҷüʵ⵽ô£Ҷĳҡ
Ӵˣ
Ҷǡ˹һҲҲΨΨŵŵе緢
ǵĨЦ⣬Ҷʮִۡ
ǵĸײŸոᣡ
ô£ҶҶزˣҶٴʵ
ĻزأҶڣ˿ûҶⰢ̽ȥ˼
˵ⶰʵ̫ԶˣҰˣҺܿҪˡ
ˣƾʲôˣҶ̲ס
ⶰͯ꣬ĸ׺͸׵Ļ䣬Ҷôܲһ˵͸ˡ
ŶǸ˵ˣְֵ˵еĹȨʲˡҶԴһȻӣȻӰóһӡդݸ˱ڣְݸҶ硣
Ҷɻش򿪸ӡݺ͸׵ǩ㶡
ȷʵ˵ְŲȫҶļ̳С
ǩȷʵǸ׵ּŸӡϣҶ翴١֮ǰְ绰Ųȫġ
Ҷ粻սָһš
ںЩʲǡְֵȷʵ˶ֽţǲ˵ְֵһĳ
͵̧ͷҶĿ˹ȥҶı񾪵
ְֵйϵ𣿡Ҷ綢۾ʵ
ҶЩشĿ⣬˵ɲΪֲŲҰ
ҶָԿ϶ְֵ㲻ҶĲ߻ģ϶ҲиҶѲĹϵ
ӦЩѰְҶĵġ
﷭ڵ˼˵Ҫ뿪ҶңôҲȽȥʰһ¶ɡ
ˣʰˣΪһ׷ӣ˰ķ⡣ĶѾȫ͵ǶȥˡҶЦ˵ϴЩ⡣
ڲǸҶĶŵʱҶǿͷķŭҶҪ˷ӵĵַԿףⰢһ򳵸˹ȥ
ҶΪķӾȻ½Ԫ׺ͽסֻһ·
·Ǹûʵı·ȴϾɵͲ¥Ҷ˳ô֪꣬ôһƶƵĵط
ҶΪ˲ٹһ߰ϵôưܵĵطĥһְ½Ԫ׺ͽǰоݲС
ҶԭѾֵز
ҶŸ߸ЬžµͲ¥һ·ȥ·˼Ŵ綼ܾ£׷׺ؿⰢ˺ܴһȦҵҶΪķӡ
Ǽªһһڳʪ߲һùζ·ĺһЩճƷҵض롣
ҶڱһŵзһȻֵǮζҶҡ
ôסأⰢü˵ҪС绰סȥɡ
ҶҡͷܾѾҶҵĴСˣˣ鷳˵¥ﲻǻкܶססҲסġ
С
ˣɣʰҶⰢ̵Ļ
Ⱒ̺ۿ̾˿Ҳʰ
Ҷ֪ⰢԼôأ
ⶰͲ¥סڽĸûѡһУûбİ취
һЩҲûóˣҪԼǮԼͶı
ʱְ־Լ˶õ£һС˾Ӫ˳һļŹ˾¡
ȻְֿҲҪһԡ˶Ϊᱻ򵹵ʱ򣬲ְ򣬳֡
 

095

ΪɫˣҶֻӼʰһ¾ϢˣֻһŴⰢ˯˿ɳϡ
ڶһ磬ҶⰢһпȥѡ۵˳ճƷⰢȴֶ顣
ûпϵ𣿡Ҷɻʵ
Ⱒ̰пݸҶ磬̾˿˵ſעˡ
Ⱒ̵ſԼܵС⣬ǽԼһ㣬ͷǮ㹻һġ
Ҷ粦еĿͷߣͷʵ˵пȷʵˡ
ּæóԼпдȥʣͳͳˣֻһпͷʣǧǮ
Ҷͷ˵һˡ
ȫֻʣǧǮˣ
ҶİӶ˽ͨ¹ʣҶĲûߣԭÿǮһ˽ְֵ̽İӵġ
һԼ侲ҰοûµģһϰǮ
һⰢ̣ԥ˵Ⱒ̣ҿûǮٹˣҪȥҹˡ
ǿϰǮҪԼҪǮ˽̽ûñķˡ
С㣬Ҫô찡㻹Уôչ˺ԼⰢ̵ǵ˵
Ҷ糤ô󣬻ǵһΪǮ¿գ֮ǰʮָմˮϴ񶼲óⰢ뿪Ļ˵׼Ҫӵġ
ǣǮⰢ̸һܿˡ
Ⱒƺ˼˵½С֮ǰҿĹǮܸߣҺܸмǹңˣҲܾôˣչ˵ɡ
Ҷ绹Щԥ
ⰢȰ˵ΪԼҲΪĺӿһ°
˵ӣҶ糤̾˿Լ¿࣬ǶǸĺأҲܲһ˺ˡ
գ˵ǹǮǷģǮٻ㡣
Ⱒ̺ۿЦӦһ
ֻʣǧǮѣⰢ̳ȥֻ˱ƷҶҲʼͶݼҹ
ȥûãҹ˾¸˵绰
һƸĸλҪҵԱУرлԡ
һģؾ͹˾Ƹƽģأսᣬû㹤ʱģؿɰʱ䡣
ҶԼСȻǶи΢΢͹𣬵һ£Ӧÿġ
¾롣
򵥳ԹҶ绻·͸ȥ·Եַ
ȻŹ˾Ĵ³ô˾ԣͷһΡ
ԵĴ¥һͨǸµĵ绰
ãѾڴ´õ¥ˣʹ˾ڼ¥
¾˵ޣ¥µĿȹݵһȴȥһƬԾɡ
á
ҶӦȴ̲סЩɻ涼û֪ĳʲʺϣҪȥƬ
ȹҪ˱׿ˮûһͼһøŮ˹
ԵģŮʵͨЩ̫׼
Ҷ缱æıӣ˵ͷ
߰ɣȥƬŮ˵꣬תȵߡ
ҶŵһŨҵζ̲ס˸硣
Ů˻ͷһۣҽܣ˵ٽɣĻԾӦܹ
ҶЦЦٽ˳ʵҪȥĶհ
Ȼǹˡٽһ߿һ߻ش꣬ƬŻͻġ
Ҷͷɿٽ㣬ܾй˵Ĺ졣
ϴγԹϵĿҶ糤˸ֻۣʼҾù˾֡
ǰҳĹ֮Ҷ֮﷢һ˵ù˾ģҪԾΪɣ˴գҪ֧߰շá
Ҷ￩һ£һƭӡѾûжǮƭѵˡ
͵͵һٽ㣬ͻȻŶ˵Ӵͣͣȥ
ٽͨӾһۣͷüôô£
ô˵ǿͣͣһҿ͵ǰҶ˳
ȥأڳ㡣
š
ҶŶӴӿ͵ǰŽȥ˸䣬ûȥֱӴӺ˳ȥ
ֵĳǺܶ࣬ҶǸٽ㷴Ӧ󣬻׷·һֱǰܣֱܹʮ·ڲͣϢ
·ĸ¸ץ˰ɡ
·ǺƣҶԱһʻϵĳ£˳ſڡ
Ҷ磬ֵǵʵôˣҪȥĶȥɣ
 

096¶

Ҷû뵽Լ塣ƺֻһ˾
ƽĶۣҶ粢ϲ塣Էòǫ͵ظ˵Ҳߡ
ػش˵ˣһڸ䡣
ЦЦ˵⸽˿͵ģ֪ʲôôҶС㡣
Ҷһ㶣ղֻܣûעֵߵ̡̧¿˿ŷԼСĹսרĽֵϡ
Ҷ̲סһ¡
ٴοȰ˵ϳɣﲻô򳵵ģҸպҲҪ̸
죬ҾӦûʲô̸ġҶٴξܾ
һôҷݹǮ常׵򣬸ûжľ
̸̸½Ԫס
Ǿ͸ûʲô̸ˣûϵˡ
ԪȴôΪ˵
˵̬ʼնºͣûΪҶһپܾҲǹҲ硣
·ڵĺѾ̣ȴûҪ뿪˼ĳ׷װȣҲţֻؿҶ硣
Ҷ粻ϳһֱ·һ㡣
ĶԽԽҶԥһջ˳
̸̸Ҳã˵ˣԺͲþˡ
˵һҲңһ衣
ҸԪϾҪˡȿ˵
ҶĿڴʹһ£֪£Ϣﻹ̲סЩѹ
εĺܺã΢Цأϲǡ
ҲЦЦܿ죬Ц˵ǣӦҲܸоõԪһֱûܷ㡣
Ҷ˵Ųµ㡣
˵꣬ԳЦЦ½ԪǸҲһˮһƬ𣬲ͬն
֪֮еġ
ûзҶĻ˵ΪΣĺΡ
ҶĺҶ½ԪûϵˣңòҪȰҷӰɣҶ˵
ɫܲã˵һǣһᶯָġΨһǣˣ˭ܴ⡣
Ҳ˼ֻܸԪ׳׵ķ֣ޡ˵˽ҲãΪһӣ˭ϣԼɷŮ˲岻֪ѣҿԸһǮ
һʲѣҶĸ鲢׵ġ
Ц˵Ҹ½ԪѾ׷ˡ
˱㣬עһһڰ㸸׳顭һֱûﺢӣ˵ȺӳԺ취ӻ½ҵġȥԽԽ˶ùġ
˵ţͻȻһ㣬ȫҸԪװɣమġ
Ҷ۽ë˲ʶС½ԪһֱûӣҪȥ
ӵӳ̶ȣûֿܣ
ȷʵӦø½Ԫ׻ޣԶԶģܣְֵ飬ͳ
Ψһܽ˵Ļм٣ðա
ҲҪκβ֪ôҶض䣬뿪˲ҡ嵹Ĳ裬ûһڡ
֮ȻָԼһ΢ЦƷ
Ҷߣ˵½Ԫӣ֮仹ϲɾ
ҶסͲ¥ԶҶصʱֿϴδ½Ԫ׸Ͳλʦ
Ҷ粻üͷ
ԭ½ԪȷʵһһŰļңʦ;׼ˣԺҪԼĺӵĻ޵ֿ֮
ӾⰢһʰѾȫܰ˺ܶࡣվСĿԵЩӵ
ʦݸҶһţƤֽ˵ͷϴ½ʲڶѾˣʹá
Ҷ粻֪Լûǩ£ЩôԼµģ֪Щ
Ҫ½Ԫס
Īؾͱ˵ˡߡΪһĺôʧȥԼĺӡ
ţƤֵֽݻʦЩ˵ЩûȥҲҪģ½ԪҪʵͣ赽Ժȥɡ
УѰߵȫߣҲҪı˼ҵȻ˵ҪİˣǻϣŵԣԶԶģҪҵ
 

097㻹ΪҰ

û˰飬Ҫ
ʦԺӼᶨҪ˼ǳǰҪȲְֳԭ
ԼκУΣһ½үʯһǰְһö롣
ܹǮˡ
ڶһöȥ˵רר񻹸鱦ա
ãö۾ˣ˶ǮҶʵ
Щ˼֮ǰζǲǮģȴҪǮ
רֻһλԱǸسҶЦЦ˵˼Եһ£λͬ´ְˣЩ
Ҷ˿ùԱûΪ˻Ķۿ
ڹ̨ǰĵĴȻƳһƸ¡
ղŹԱ˵λͬ´ְˣԼӦƸԣ
һǧȴҪһССĹԱ޴ҶЩԥ
ͲʲôǧˣжıҪ
Աæһ˿֮󣬺ܿߵҶǰӹʯ뿴˿ȷרĻƷ֮΢Ц˵Եһ£ʦۡ
Ҷͷ
Աһ绰ܿһλʦרҵе¼ö룬ȻͷڹԱߵ˼䡣
Ǿԭۻաʦ뿪֮󣬹Ա˵
ԭۣȻöֻΣǹʱȴܳˣ
Աֽ˵ö볬ų£VIPԱǶԻԱĻ
Ҫֽ𣬻ǰǮֱ˵Ŀ
Ҷ㶣ǿǻԱ˵Աһţ˵˵ſɣԱǿ£ڵĿףɽɵ¡
Ǯ£ְֳܹˡ
õģԵȡԱӹţڵϽ˲ȻݸһŴӡתƾ֤
ǮһСʱ֮ڵˣʱעա
õġҶӹƾ֤˶һ鿨֮ԥʵǲƸԱ
Ա㶵ص˵ͷ
ǡҿӦƸ𣿡Ҷ˵
Ա￴ЩԾҰ绰һ¡
˵꣬תȥԶĵط绰ѹúֻܵͣ䡰õġá
ԣϰ˵ȱ֣ԸĻھͿϰࡣ
һ𣿻߸ǰѵҶɻʵ
ҪҵǰҪԼǲƭӡ
ʺ̸ºʺݹڸǰѵǶʵнеġԱɿؽ͵
Ҷ罫ŽɣԱȴʮģȥ·ȻͰƵ˹̨ǰ
ҽ޵СͿˣԺʲô׵ĵطҡ޵ҽܵ
ҶȴЩֺõζ
ԭٶһЩ飬ȴſڽĹ˿ʹˡ
һһŮλ˿ͣеŸӣߵŮĵǺܺá
һ·ߵ˹̨ǰ޵Цǰкˡ
ǸŮ޵Ƽ²ͣ鱦ҶվһϸԸ鱦ĽܣͻȻڹ̨ϵָⱻһ¡
æջ֣㵿ǰĴˡ
˳ЦЦָų̀˵ҲƼ
Ҷüӹ̨ó˼ǰ
һ°˵Ҷֳ㡣
Ҷǿסͣ˵˼ģЩ鱦Ϥ
Ŷֲҿء˵ֲص̽Ҷ䡣
ԴӻԺҶԼĸʮУֻԼСʱƵģ̧˦Ǹһ⡣
ʮ޵ǸѡŮ鶼Ծתͷ˿˹
ǸûϵҶܾ˵Ҵһʱ߳ŭʹĴŹ̨ϵĲ˵ǾҵҪƾʲôˣ
Ҷһͺˣô嶯ģŸոҵһݹһȥҪˡ
Ѿ޵ܽķΧĵؿҶһۣæȥ˾
һִǵĹԱˣҪǸҽ
бһۣСؿҶ˵һ¡
޵㶵ظ󣺾̬Ū˰ɣǰ˿ͷ𣬱ĿɶЩСԱġ
Ҷ˽ȭͷ˵ҡ
˴ŴƱ˭ˣֻСһ£ôңСҸ̰
ԵŮҲŲͣصͷͣǣŰѴƵͷϡ
ؿһۣſڵıǶҸϳȥԺ󵫷µĵ̣Ϊλ񡣡
Ǹʲô˲㻹ɱ˰ܣҪЭͶǣҪǣҵһ߱Ƴ⣬һ߾㵶ֲĵش󺰵
ԶԷᵽţ˵Ǹ߶鱦Ʒʵӵ˸ǵĴʽ⣬ȥͶߡ
ҶؿǰһĻȻпԭɾάķʽҲ̫ˡ
ȫ˵ö룬Ծͱ¼ãٵԭάһǰźõرŪڹ֮ˣ
ߵزͨ½Ԫ׵ĵ绰ʵҽ칤㰲ŵĻ˵ûôʲô˼㡭
Ҷ磬㻹ΪҰˣ½Ԫش˵Ϊ˵ЩԺһϴ𣿡
 

098²

㣿Ҷ㶵ʵ
ԣң˵ʲô£ģ½Ԫ˵꣬žһҶ˵绰
ļԳЦЦԼǰգҶĵ绰СʱЩѡõְλͻ롣
żҶʱҶת˵ٱˣΪ˱ҲãǰҲգҪ
ίȥҶʦҲһͬ˼
˲ְͬλӦƸƽģء
ڣҶԸ绰ָ
½Ԫ׾ļصһӽ˲ԶͰ
ȻҲûʲôˡ
ߣҶΪ½Ԫ׵Ǿ䡰㻹ΪҰˡһܡ
ֻܿعûн
Ҷߵǰһ˵ллά֪¼ҵ˵˭
ЦЦƺϵôʣ˵ܾǡ鹤պҲء
ҶһӵǸܾʵǾ͸žһ칫ǰ
ʾţȻԼ뿪ˡ
Ҷڸֻ£õӦ֮˽ȥ
˾Ȼ½׿Ȼ
ҶЩȵʵ½ܰң
½׿Ȼ˵ͷϧ̾˿˵˵㱻ҶĸϳҶҵ£ܰһѣҲǶ㸸иˡ
ףҶɫ½׿ȻְֻǺû飬˵Ϊ׵ĹϵҪȻǲŵġ
ϵڱ£½׿ȻҲԵ޹ʾá
Ҷ˵лл½ܵĺ⣬ҵһϰô鷳ǲʺݹģһȥĵطҿɡ
ôܴԼأ½׿ȻͬҡҡͷҸղſ˼أǸɧȣĺܶԣԴŮԵˣһⶼġҡ
½׿Ȼ˶٣˵֮ǰǺʱĹǼʶģʵ곤ġ
ԼмＸҶһҵȷʵ⣬½׿Ȼϧŵ
ҶԽԽ½׿ȻͼѾһˣΪ˶ıҪһ㡣
ܾ½ܹˣһǾҲʺݹ
½׿Ȼ΢ɲüǺܿЦЦ˵Ҳǿ㣬һϣܺúÿһپܾңҪ֪ڻźӣþҪݲ٣ܶ๫˾Ǽɻһġ
һȥٿһµġ
Ҷһ䣬ٴθ½׿Ȼл뿪˰칫ҡ
ص̨Լ·뿪ʱ޵ЩСܾ㿪ˣ⴦Ҳ̫˰ɣĴ
Ҷ粻ͣɴֱӵͷԼȷʵǱˡ
ǰ޵˵ллչˡ
޵źؿһۣ˵Ҳûʲôæ
ҶЦЦ뿪鱦ꡣ
˿ʱ䣬޵תѾȥСʱµǱǮҲӦõˡ
ȥĹ㳡ϣһƧĵطͨ˿µĵ绰
Ǯյ𣿡Ҷʵ
Ǯԭģ绰ͷĿ¶˶٣ʵҪί𣿡
ҲҰְֵ򡣡
Ǯ̫ࡣֱ˵ؾܾ
Ҷ˵ЩǶ𣬵Ȳ֮һᷭġ
ְְ֪ŲȫãѾϳҶˣ޷ģ֮ʲôǮ»ɵʡ
Ҷԥһ˵һҰְֵҶйأְǰ߹£˵еʲңϣҶǵʱܰ˵̲סЩҭȻûмҶ԰ְֵ˽⣬һֱΪöҺܿǷʲôҵġ
Ҷٴα֤˵ְֵ϶ҶйأȲ࣬ûһŲʱһᷭѷøġ
ЩĶҲԥ鵽㸸׵ŲȷʵҶأ
Ҷһطۿ˵½үҵʯҿ԰ѹ㡣
ãɽϢһʱ֪ͨġ
ллҶ˵
ĿЦһ㲻лңֻǮ
 

099Ե

һ죬ҹ޹ҶƣػصԹͳ˯˹ȥ
ڶ磬ﱻһ󼱴ٵѣȻԼⰢڸ˵ոմӴ𴲣ҵžͱһλ֮͸ƿˡ
ȣ
ȿźһҺң绰ҲӣҲأҲ㶼ΪǱ˸ץˡ
Ҷ粻ʧЦ֪ˣԼҶӱϳȥ֮󣬸ȷż˵һû˵ԼȥȻ鷳۰ȣԺ͵˺ϵ
û뵽ȻҵôƫƧĵط
ԲҴˣⲻҵ𣿡Ҷ̬õصǸ
ȰͷŤһߣֺһ
ˡҶߵԱߣקĸ첲ҡҡ˵Ҳϵ㣬㵣𣿡
㲻ϵңҲŸأȰͷŤ׺ݵ˵
úúãҴˣҿǲܡ
ҶһͨǸŰѰȺãǡⰢҲõͣ˱߳Աġ
û뵽ҶľȻǸǣСʱðŲһ֣ϳȥˣҲǵģôͰŲȫҶأȷ߷߲ƽ˵
ҶԳЦЦô׷ӣû¶޽ͷ
ȷ룬ɫ˵ⷿˣ㻹ǰȥһסɣС־ɣֲ˵ϾҪǨˣôס𣿡
ôסˣҶ練ʱûⶰ¥ÿӶסġ
ûǣ벻أҲ¿϶ġԴ㻹ű㲻ΪԼ룬ҲΪ밡
Ҷ紹۾ԼСΪ룬ŲˣԼԼһð
ȼִͬ⣬Щż㵽ǿԼĥԼˣҿԸһݹܳԹסѧֲȱԼȫûⰡҪСƷ
ⰢҲŸ͵С㣬ǻСİȥɣҳԲ˿ֻ࣬Ҳ뿴СүԿడ
ǣ˵㿴طСģⰢҲˣ˯ôСɳ𣿡

ðɡ
Ҷ类ǰлֵʵû취ֻͬȥṩġǸܳԹסĸλϰࡣ
Ÿźĵһɫ극ʰ˾ǡ
áҶЭ
ǱⰢѾ˸߲ҵæҶʱ򣬱סݾܾ˵ɳЪţȥʰ
ҶΣȴůůظжţжǵ͹ȵʱ򣬻һ޷˰ѡ
ҶۿЩ죬ڰŤͷʱ򣬼æƲͷ˹ȥ
һɳĵطֻͻȻˡһĻϳʼʾ㿪ʼһμƵƵıһһĴſڣʱʾǰְֳ졣
ƵҶӻ֮ŹʮӣҶĺһҲӻ˳
ҶƵͣŴͼƬҶһӻˣȻ½׿Ȼ
ҶĴӲҶҵ⣬ô½׿Ȼн
µĵ绰ʱ˹
Ƶˣʵ
ˣҶĸ½׿Ȼô£
û취õڵƵһȥһ£㸸׳֮ǰڻҶĺ½׿Ȼͻǡһ·ķԱˣȻ㸸״ӻҴ뿪ڻؼҵ·Ͼͷ𳵻
Ҳ˵ܿҶĺ½׿ȻһıҰְ֣ҶѹʵָֻЩ
ǷͻⲢ˵ô㲻ϡͻȻת˻棬ʵҺܺ棬Ϊʲô϶Ҷĸ㸸׵йأ
ֱǿҵֱ
һ£˵¶Ҫ֤ݵġ
˵һȽ֣㸸׳ʱΪʲôʯҲڳϣ
ҶҲ֣һֱְǾԲĶģмãҲһǰкġ
üһ°ְֳ췢飬ͻȻȳţΪֻرʱײҶ
Ҷģȥҵңǰְַ͵ҵְͻˡҶƲ
Ȼ˿ɣǾȴֲҶĵǲѣ½׿Ȼԥ˵½׿Ȼ⣬Ҫе㲻ס
½׿Ȼ½ҵıӻȲ˵ƽʱٽһεö࣬η½ңҲ͸©йϢ
Ҷۣ˼һ˲˵㸺Ҷģ½׿Ȼ
ܿͼ½׿ȻʾãǡһõֻҪ½׿Ȼ飬ͿԽӴȡκ󣬿϶ܲ鵽Щ˿ġ
㣿ɻʡ
ԣҸպһܽӴ½׿ȻĻᡣҶ͵
СģʱһͨޡҲûʣ򵥽һ䣬͹Ҷ˵绰
Ҷֻ˿ְֵºô˵ķ򣬽Ҫ½׿Ȼ绰ͬȥϰ࣬ȻһԵ׵Ϸ롭
ȴҳһƳɫʵôˣһģ
Ҷͷ˼سæµеİ˵ҿҪʧˣܰҸˡ
 

100

ʲôȷĶЩ
Ҷߵǰ˵һҰְֵһıɱҴȥ½ϵ鱦ϰ࣬
򵥸˵ԼͿµƲ⣬Լ½׿ȻĪʾãλᣬӽ½׿Ȼû
꣬۵ر˱ȻüǵҲ̫ðˣǶ½׿ȻʾõͼȥһΣô죿
ΣҾͼһСĵġҶ֤
ʮ˽ҶƢ֪¶ĵ£˺Ȱ˵ö
һ£Լ˸Ҷһ飬Ҳѡ̾˿ǰֱҶһ£˵Լܰæĵط׼
áҶ翿ļЦЦôһ벻ԶԼ֧Լĺѣá
һܸ߱ˡҶ
ȵͷ˵ţ֪ô
֮߰Ҷ粦ͨ½׿Ȼĵ绰
һ˵½ܣ룬顣
½׿ȻʵôͻȻı뷨ˣ
Ҷһ˲˵Լһ׼õ˵ǣסĵطʵ̫ˣһСȷʵң뾡ⶰͲ¥ȥ
˵ʱ򣬾ֳһԼĥúʹ࣬ȴ޿κεС
½׿Ȼ֪ľģȻ˵Ժ½׿ȻЩ̬Ҳ
׾ͺãְ֮Ҳͷˡڶһ׷ӣ鱦겻ԶȰȥȥס
Ҷֹԥ˵Ҿôסķ²̫ðɡ
ûʲôõģ½׿Ȼ˵׷Ҵûȥס͵Ǹ곤ĸ
лл½ܡҶмصл
½׿ȻЦһ˵˽ͽ½ɣûĻȥϰɣһǰкξЭġ
õģ½壬Ҷظ˳ƺһ׼ʱġ
ǾͺãҲ̫ѹ
½׿Ȼֿο䣬һЩҪע⣬ȻŹҶϵ绰
УͰһһĳ
ϣ½׿ȻҶⰢ̽ӵ˶ķ
Ӻܴװ޵ĺܻҶĸͲ¥ֱ˼䡣
ڳʱû˾ס﷿ֶ࣬ԵùڿյⰢҹæʰӡ
Ҷ絹˱ˮݸⰢ˵ʰô෿䣬ס˶õġ
ⰢͣĶ㶣û׷ԭֻӹˮӦһ
ڶһ磬ҶǰȥǼ鱦ꡣ
͵ԱҲˣ֯ҿһ̵Ļӭᣬ֮Ҷͳ鱦ĵ곤޵ȺĽسĴָ
֮ǰξͳҶ絽֮ξóԼİ칫ңȸĲ񱨱
ξ˵Ժ칫Ұ칫ɣϤҵҾҪ½ܲȥϰˡ
Ҷ˵ǰϲξˡܵܲȥϰ࣬Ҳǽˡ
ξǫЦЦҶСô½ܾӣҪ˶ã϶Ҳܵܲȥġ
ҶҲЦЦûн⣬˵⼸鷳ξָˡ
һһξæӦ
ҶϾ֮ǰйҵ飬ξԼָ֮ܿ˵곤ĹͬദҲ㲻ǣ½׿Ȼȴûϵ
żȻûϵ½׿Ȼ
֮ǰϾ½Ԫ׶飬Ǹ½Ԫһϵˣ½Ԫָ½׿Ȼ಻Ը½׿ȻҲ֮С
Լ̫ӴӷԼ
½׿Ȼڴڹ۲۲½ԪǲǻǣֵֵΡ
Ҷż룬Ҫ½׿ȻΪʮʹ½Ԫ׾ͺˡ
ǣû뵽ǣȻô졭
½Ԫ׻㱨˹ȴû㱨뿪˰칫ҡ
½ԪƳһۣʣ𣿡
ԥһ˲˵½˳ǵһ鱦ְ꣬һλµ곤
½׿ȻͷҲ̧ش˵λµ곤ʲôֱӷӦȥ飬ڻûе곤ҲҪܡ
µ곤С㣬½׿Ȼܾ԰ְġǶѹ˵Ҫ˵Ļ
Ҷ磿½ԪǩֲֵֻԾһСģʼ⻮ļ
üļ̧ͷԸг̣ȥǼҵӲ죬½ϲǾȼʲô˶ܽģ
˵䣬ٲȻԼһ˵ġûе곤ҲҪܡ
 

101㱻

ϣҶһ˾ʼ
ȻҪĿģΪ˽Ӵ½׿ȻԴҲܡ
ȵĵԱ룬Ĺ֮ͻȻӵξĵ绰
ξѾȥܲһʼͲϰˡ
ڵ绰˵ܲýҪȥӲ죬·ϣǰ׼ѵԱҲһ
ΪʲôôͻȻ֮ǰûϢҶ粻üͷ½Ԫ˲İɣ
ҾͲˣξ˵ת뵽Ҷ½Ԫ׵Ĺϵο˵ģܲù˼½ܾӣôġ
ллҡ
ҶлҶ˵绰
Ѿһû½Ԫ׵κϢˣϴʹԺ½ԪҲ˰ߵˣȹλ˱ڡ
ܸоõһͨ绰ʱ½ԪǺģò᲻ԼҶϰɣԵжҪز
ҶУһͣ˵ſڣ½ԪȻشӳ
ҶԱһվſӭӣվſĵط
½ԪĿбӵ߽˵·ûпһ㡣
ܲúáҶеĵԱһ½Ԫ״к
½Ԫҵ˵ͷĿȻƳûƳҶһۣҹˣȵ۶ܲϣٽٽӣȡõ¸ȵ۽
˶٣ͻȻʵ˵һλ곤֪ĸ
Ҷ簵һ⣬ĵ黹Ƿˣ½Ԫⲻ
ҡҶ˵
½ԪſϰŲϣޱؿ˵㱻ˡ
Ҷ͵̧ͷŭʣΪʲô
ԱҲͷ׷׳Ծ̧ͷͬؿҶ硣
ǻǺϲµ곤ġ
Ҫһ곤Ҫʲôɡ½ԪֱĿ⣬֪Ҳԡȣ㻳Ҷְ£ҶϱΣʱȴûܼʱЧֹΣְʱϹ棬½Ա򣬹˾ʱ㣻Ȼһ㣬Ѿпĸˣ˾ܸڹϵľʾɡ
½Ԫоݣù˾˵£˿ӸС
Ҷ޿ɱ磬ȴֲľô뿪üල½׿Ȼļƻزۡ
һſڵͷ˼ƽϡ
ͻȻ½Ԫʵ㣬һŹ˾ԿܵĸЧָ꣬ҹһСС̵еģʲôϹ棬˹ûҿҪҵģǸ㶩飬δޣҰˣҪ𣿡
Ҷ˵£һضͷ˸дֻϣ½׿Ȼڿ¼ʱܿԼ½Ԫ׵ݡ⡱ϣٸһӴĻᡣ
ǲĺ½ԪףŻίԹӶɡ
½ԪûϵҶͻȻָû뵽ԭô
ֲֻսƽʱҪ˸ҵôսϣ϶˰ӳȥˣǰˡ
һֱ½Ԫ򣬿ȥһ½Ԫ׵ɫȻŵؽɢ˵ԱҶʱ˰칫ҡ
Ҷû뵽ԼǷȻ½ԪôķӦ֪ʲôٶ
ţ칫ҵűһ߿½Ԫվſڣʰ뿪Ժ󵫷½ϵĲҵƸˡ
ҶղŻΪԼԱǰӶеΣּ⸱ָʹģʱ
ֻҷݹάʲôҪң˵ղЩûʵɣ֪ĵԭ򣡡
˵ղŵĿǰݵĻ˵ЩȫԷθˡ
ԭ򣿡½ԪЦһʵҸҶĹϵӦúȻѡͶҵĶ֣ôƴҵĶ֣ţ
˵꣬ҲҶ磬ת뿪˰칫ң߻˵ʮʱ䣬ʮ֮󣬱Դȥ
Ҷ㶵ؿ½Ԫ׵ıӰϵķŭʧֻʣ˸УǵİˣİˣҪΪˡ
ͻȻһȣҶعſڿȥ
վǶûߡ
˵½׿Ȼʲôƺʩˣ϶ͼ㻹Ǳܿɡʵ½ܲҲǵ㣬˸곤һ仰£ҪȻҲἷг̣һˡ
Ҷ紹۾˵֪лл㡣ǣȴвò½׿ȻӴɡ
 

102µж

Ҷʰ궫뿪鱦ʱ½Ԫ׵ĳѾ뿪ˡ
޵ͬһߵſڡ
Ҷ練ο˵ûµģҶúùָԺǻлṲء
޵üͷ˵ܲʵеˣĹúܺá
ǣ˵ְԲ淶ҼĲ淶ĶȥˣôÿҲŸ͵
ˣˡҶǣָָбϷͷȥɡ
Զλ˹ڱϾϰʱ䣬޵ǲ뿪λ̫ãֻźظҶ
ҶЦųһ˻֣ȻֻвµദܵõҵϿɣǺܿĵġ
ͬ£Ҷ˼ң룬ȥ鷿½׿Ȼ˵绰
½壬ҽ챻½Ԫ׿ˡҶί˵
½׿Ȼֻ̾˿ҲǸ˵£ֶԽԽˡ
ֹǶãҶŭָҡ
½׿ȻͻȻһתʵ˻֮Ԫײһֱչôᡭ
չҲΪҶĺӣҪӣɰְֹֻʣΪˣҲͬҪ󡣡Ҷ缱еؽ͵
˶٣˵ڹûˣ֪ôȥˣĲʧȥӡ
ԭΪ˺ӡ½׿Ȼڵ绰һ˵ģٰһݹ͸ߣҿô
ģлл½塣Ҷϲصл
ֵǵ˵½Ԫ׽˵Ǹ½صĲҵƸˡ
绰ͷ½׿Ȼһڵ½ϣһ˵ģɣպȱһλ飬ڼϢһ½ϰ칫¥Դְ
Ҷ缱æٴεлεļϲ
ļû뵽ȻһԾΪ½׿Ȼ飬ԺҪ͸ӷˡ
Ϊģƽʱ˰룬ֱ˯ʱ򣬻öЩš
ڶһ磬Ҷȥ½ϰ칫¥ߵ¥£ͱ½׿ȻӸ߲רݴȥ
½׿Ȼ԰²ְȻȻûκ̡
Ҷ̲סһ£½ԪϢܻķӦȻе㿪ġ
һ죬ûڹ˾½ԪףҲûյҪٴְϢ
½Ԫ׻ְ֪½ˣҲ֪ˣȴûʱĲ硪Ϊҵ磬½׿Ȼֵף˾һɻҩζ
׿½Ԫ׵鲻˵Ҷ½׿ȻߵĽչҲر˳
½׿Ȼһ飬ҶֻΧĹ˲赹ˮ
ԣ½׿Ȼûȫ
Ҳû̫żȻ½׿Ȼʾã˵ԼϿ϶½׿ȻõĶ½׿Ȼġ
Ҷϲɫÿ찴ʱ°࣬ʱʱ¶һ¶½׿Ȼĸм
½׿Ȼʼ˶˲赹ˮʼæһЩļֱӸһTIMEϡ
TIME½°꣬δƵĿͶ˴ʽҲ½Ԫ׺½׿ȻһֱִĿ
˶ĿĶλͷչз磬ұ˴˲òΪ˲㵼Ŀǳ½үӳ棬ڹ涨ʱڸȻɶ»ͶƱѡĿ˭쵼
ҶϷཨ֮ɫѾЩˣ⻹½֮һμӰࡣ
صԣ˴ԼĺȻȥȵݡ
еĵݡһͣ¥㣬ȵŻ򿪵ʱ޷ظ½Ԫ׵ײ˸š
϶Եƣ˴㶵ؿŶԷû˵
ֱԶرյʱ½Ԫǰס˿ŰťüҶ˵
ֻ½Ԫһˡ
Ҷ߽ȥ½Ԫվţ岻ȻؽӲ
űպϣɫ¥𽥱С·ԪͻȻʵĴ½׿ȻһԸ𣿡
Ȼǡ
ʱǺ½Ԫףȴûιã¿һʱԼ絶ʣҲȻûҪֿ
Ҷת죬̧Ƴ˵ͷ
½Ԫ׵һһлᱻ¼棬½׿Ȼܻῴ
Ϊһ̣ٵ½׿Ȼò׶ԼΡ
Ҷתȥݺ˵ѵΪƭ֮һٸ𣿡
½ԪЦһ˵
ʻһ¥ʱҶ˳ȥ½Ԫݣȥ˵ͣ
Ҷ߳¥ſڣ˿ϴ½Ԫ״˵ǶѵĻΣİɵˡ
 

103¹ؼһƱ

Ҷ֪ܿ½׿ȻʾõĿġ
ڶϰʱ򣬵˾ǩ֮󣬾ͱ½׿Ȼߣȥ˹˾һɶ
λɶвԭǲܼҵ˽ӣһֱʮʱűܼ˻ȥо츳ǰѾӹ˲ܼҵȫ⡣
½ϳйɷݣ뾭Ӫ
½׿ȻҶһš
½׿Ȼп˵ɶϾҪʼˣĿǰ֧Ҹ½Ԫ׵ĹɶǡóƽؼһƱҪˡ
ҶЩν֧ߣ˫Ŀǰ£Ĺɶˡ֧߳ƽһֱûб̬ȵĲͳ˫Ŀˡ
˵ţ½׿ȻͻȻʵ㶼˰ɣ
ˡҶ
Ҫ˵֧½׿ȻӪ֪֪ˡ
Ǿͺá½׿Ȼ˵ͷ֮ԴΪЩԨԴ˵ܻЩ
ԨԴҶɵ룬ҲǵԼ֮ǰйӴ
½׿ȻЦЦ˵㣬ĸסûڵʱΪƶҪȥʱĸ
Ҷͷ˵ԭĸǰƣȷʵֿܡ
ʵĸ׶ʮˣ𣿡㻹ǵãʱȥôãǷݸ֮Ҳһ˰ɣ
Ǹˣжرң͵ʱûĸ׵컹ţҲڵķ⡣½׿Ȼʮֿ϶˵
£½׿Ȼʾõԭˡĸ׶Բ֣ԼӪ
ڶ»ϣԼƱͶ½׿Ȼ½Ԫ׵ķͻᱻ˻أ½׿ȻⳡУʤǸͻ½׿Ȼ
һ½Ԫ״Ÿø˰ɣ
ѡ
Ҷ½׿Ȼֿر֤½ģô࣬һᾡɵġ
½׿Ȼס
ͣһ칫¥ǰҶ½׿Ȼʮ¥˲
ʮ꣬׳ɫ
ҶʱȴЦЦ˵º˲١
½׿Ȼǰ˽ܵλʿǲܣλҵҶ硣
ӵؿҶ磬ʵΰ̵Ů
½׿Ȼ˵ͷЦ˵һֱϼңҾֻðˡ
ҽֲܼ֮һֱҵҵǸˣϧΰģƻҲǡʧϣ½ܰæҲ֪ҵΰ̣ϧȴѾˡп˵ҶԽº͡
ΡҶĸ׵ա
ԼĸףҶ̲סĸ׹ʱ£ۿ΢΢Щ죺ĸñܿ࣬ǰ¾ǰˣ֪ڹôãһܿĵġ
һ㣬ϧļ򣬰ο֪ڴãʲôҪҰæģܿڡ
ʱ½׿ȻֻͻȻ˵ʾ΢ɲü˲ιȥЦŶԲ˵ȥӸ绰ġ
ŵʱ򣬻ʹһɫ
Ҷ֪Ǹ˼
½׿Ȼ뿪Բ˼˵ܣҲͲˣҽĿģϣܰ½塣
Ƴſڣѹ˵⵹ʲô£½׿ȻһҾͲµǵĿˣһϣٿһ£òҪͽ½ҵⳡɱ
ҶεЦЦҸ½Ԫ׵ĶԹ϶Ҳ˵ˣҸĹϵڻڰ𣿡
˵ͬ̾˿˵ǺðɣæҰˡ½ҲҪСģ½Ԫ׸½׿Ȼͬˮָ½Ͼˡ
ллܡҶ糯ؾ˸
ݶǲǷĸ׵ģȴϻرϣʮָм
һߣ½׿Ȼֻ˸εĵط绰سͷ˵Ǹ˵ٸҴ绰𣿡
һҲ绰㣬ҺòװҶϳҶңΪʲôְƸõ½ϣһ׷ӣҶʵ
òܰҶڽµĻᣬðŹ˾ϲҶϳҶңҶ໹û죬ͱ˽ӵ˴ʳסвôܲ
½׿Ȼ˵ԽüϳҶ£Ƹҵ£ܲʲô¶Ҫ㱨ɣ
ѣҶҧ
Ҳֻǡûϵˡ½׿Ȼ˿˿ѹ˵㣬˵һֻô򵥣ԡвңŰ͸©ȥ
½׿Ȼľ棬ҶļҪԼݸҧˡ
Ҷϵ绰ҪСϣҧҲǺ۵ġ
 

104͵

½ٿ»ᣬͶƱTIME쵼Ȩ
ڲؼƱͶ½׿Ȼϣ½Ԫ׵ķѡˡ
»ϣҶ½׿ȻҪͶƱһ̣Ҷ̲ס½Ԫ׿ȥ
½ԪǡҲתͷɫģʲôҶЩΡ
ɢ󣬴λ¶뿪֮½׿ȻסҶ˵εͶƱ㣬ǲ칦磬ʰһ¸һȥ
˵ţ½Ԫ׻شӻ˳½׿ȻЦת˵ΪTIMEĿҶæùǺ׼磬Ԫ׸һȥɣ
½ԪƳҶһۣޱҡҡͷи֣ûʱȥˡ
Ǻãȥæ½׿ȻΪ
ԴͶƱϵЦûжϹ
½Ԫ΢΢ͷҶǰ˹ȥ
Ҷ翴뿪ıӰĪЩɬ
Ҳ߰ɣ½׿Ȼ߱˵
ҶȴվԭûҾͲȥ˰ɣһܹ鲻󷽱㡣
½׿ȻͣסŲͬҡҡͷǽǣû⻹ʲô칦磬ȥ
ʶԼղŵĻ˵Щ̫ǿӲ½׿ȻЦЦ˵İɣϲȾƣҪҲǰߣһҪϯҪһΪ½Ԫˡ
˵ϣΪ˱ģҶҲֻӲͷƤӦ
Ǻðɡ
칦ϵĶ½׿ȻĸʮΧһŴϣ鶼ܿܡ
½׿Ȼٱ˵Բƣף˳ӹTIMEĿôŬûа׷ѡ
ɱɱ
Ҳ׷׸Ÿ֮ͣ󣬸˼ذѱĲˮһ
½׿ȻٴξٱڶأҾǵĴ󹦳磬û磬ǿܾͳԲ칦ˡ
ǣȡ˲ѡƱ쵽¹˭ֻ治˵أ
ȷʵǵĴ󹦳
ٴθһٱ
±ӵ֮󣬴뿴Ҷ磬˵ϼ仰һ¸ԡ
Ҷ粻̫ϰĳ棬ԥһڵҵĹ鲻ң˵ܣҲȫϣԺܶңҵԼˡ
½׿ȻЦ̫ǫˣУԼˣ˵ʲôģѧϰԺͿฺһҵˡ
½׿ȻĴ飬½׿Ȼ˵仰ǳ׽ˡ
һԵҲЦ˵ºˣܰҷֵˡ
ҶӿڵԺ鷳սˡ
鷳º͵Цţ˾ٱ
ʱ½׿ȻͻȻ˵Ӳ㣬ȽһЩ򵥵Ĺ˸ˡ
½׿Ȼ⻰˵ζôָ
۾תתЦӦ֪ˡ
ϯպܺãֶ֣ȻΪչ˻˵Ҷ磬ҶʵڲӦķΧƣ뿪ϯ
ؼڴϵʱҶ羹ȻеʧˣһԺ½Ԫ״ӻ뿪ıӰ
ֱ賿࣬Ż˯˹ȥ
ѹʱ򣬴Ҵϴȥ˹˾
ӽҪһ칫ˣζţпܽӴ½׿Ȼ˽Ϣˡ
칦½׿ȻǾġȻҵܵĽںܾģȴҶĵԡ
ÿ뿪ԡ뿪ãῪʱ򣬶ܾ
ӹɣȻôͷ϶ԼҪĶ
Ҷ첻źۼΧת͵ƽʱĹϰߣƲ˼ԱȽϴĽ롣ʣµľǣôӴ̨ˡ
ҶĹȻ˱仯½׿Ȼ˲赹ˮ¶š
°ʱ½׿Ȼڰ칫Ӵһпͻ
չҶ˿ȣͽܾ칫ҵʱȴ
ͽȥɣպҲҪ½ܻ㱨ǰӹĿȱ
Ҷ缫سԵķһۡ½׿Ȼİ칫Զһһ಻һӵʱ䣬ǣȥĻʱӳӡ
ӣȻݣ㹻Գȱ룬ļˡ
·ʧڹսǴʱ򣬼æǵĵ롣
ҲãȻһǶԵģڵҵ½׿Ȼµг̰ţæֻ
յĹУԵؿһۣҶľȻںüǰƵ½׿ȻйӴʱ䣬ǸҶϻûб˶Թʱ
ϸ룬ִæ㿪ļзͻȻһ½׿ȻɽǩԼһݺͬɨɽŵķ˴ǹ𶫣Ǹհְ̳ϵĶ֡⹥Ҷϵˡ
סȣֻƬմϢʱͻȻ˲ԶǸ˵̸
ҵ̧ͷһּۣæͷϵۼͿ˴ӹսǴ߹ǡ
ǸĿʱǣ΢΢ЦЦȴһա
ӽӹ뿪ֻ˲ӡ
ôͻˣҶʵ
ǿһǽϵĹӣպ°ʱ䡣
̾˿˵½Ժȥ㱨ҪӰˡ
һӰɡҶ˵
ǿĶҡҡͷˣڿɲһˣɲ۵ˣϽȥϢɡ
ҶεЦЦͷǺðɣˡ
·עⰲȫǳڰ֡
ţ
鴦Ҷ糯Զܾ칫ҿһۡ
ʲôĿͻҪ½׿ȻӰӴǸղŲȥͿȣ˳·֮⣬᲻ỹΪʲô
ôţҶ粻ɽ¹䣬͵͵ȥ½׿Ȼİ칫⡣
½׿Ȼİ칫Χܰ˹ײ½׿Ȼ飬½׿Ȼİ칫Ҳʮֺ
ŲߵǰѶŷϡ
ο϶һѰ½Ԫ״أҲʱ½Ͼ½ˡ
ߣҲҪҪҲס
 

105ͨ籨

Ҷ½Ԫ׵֣˲
ȷβʲô©𣿡ڵ½׿Ȼʵҿɲ׸һ
Բᡣһ˿϶ر֤ҽе½Ԫ׸ɹģͷʮֶƷ㹻׸ʮġһ磬ҽеͻ뺣أһزƷҰŵ˻ᵱָ֤½Ԫף֤ʲôҲαˡ
½׿Ȼ½Ԫ׷̫ˡ
ʱһ纣ؾͻЩƷһҪ֪ͨ½Ԫס
뿪ʱȴͻȻƳ߹ǣ˿ҪǾô߹ȥͻײš
޿ɱܣؽ˲ԶĴ
ֱŲԽԽŹŵŴСĴＷ˳
Ųż뿪½ϰ칫¥
˴¥ҶͲ½Ԫ׵ĺ룬½Ԫ׵ֻʼ˽ִȴһֱͨС
ؼʱ̣ϵҶļ١
һԵľתȦȻ¶ģͨ˽ĺ롣
ӵ绰ٶȺܿ죬Ҷֱʵ½Ԫڸһ𣿡
˭ǰŮѴ绰ָҪԼѣῪġȻᣬ˵ڰ죬ȥȡˣʲô𣿡
ҶʵҲ绰¹ؽ˿ʱ䣬ֻסӶԽ˵ţĵ绰һֱ˽ҵ½׿ȻɹҽеֽţеϲصжƷһ磬뺣֮̾ͻָ֤Ʒġ
˵ʲôҲĶϢ
ûʱ㾡ȥ½ԪףҶ罹شߴٵ
ãϾȥ
ҲҵҶϵ绰ҴҪȥ½Ԫס
ߵſڵʱȴͻȻͣס˽Ų
Ҷ˵Ļ϶ǿѨ磬½׿ȻҪԪ׶ˡ
֮ǰ½׿ȻֻҪɢ½Ԫ׺Ҷ磬ûҪ½ԪʧȥҶϣ
½ԪףҪ޸ģȻҪһ½ϵĲҵ
ڣ½׿Ȼ½Ԫ׳֣ȻҪ½Ԫ׵ģǣҪϢȴҶ硭
һ˼֮󣬽óֻɾ˸ղŸҶͨͨ¼Ȼִͨ½׿Ȼ绰
½壬εˣ𣿡
һǶȻʲô֪һ㣬ڵ绰Լĸ״
˾æҲжʱû㸸ĸˣϴμǵʱְ岻̫áʱϾȥôˣпͻؼҿɣϴ軹˵ء
½׿Ȼ˵󣬹Ȱ䣬Ӧźãȴ̲סЦ
ŮСȻûܵȴһֱѹֺĥҲΪʲôȻȻ뽭ҵԭ
ǸҸûŮΪһȡˡ
ĸ׾ĳҹһԷʳĴ壬ĸȴȰҪʱͳ׿ǵżͨ½׿ȻѯʽҵҪǹжã뿴ʲôʱˡ
׿⣬½׿Ȼ˼䣬Ȼ͹Ҷ˵绰
Ҫͨ绰֤ԼӸ½׿ȻĽ̸УҪݺ½Ԫ׵˿
̸ݣ½׿Ȼ˭̸֪ʲôأο½׿Ȼƻ¶˵Ļ˭أʱ򣬻Լ˵ͨ绰ｲʲôǾʲô
ҪǣҶ½׿Ȼ飬½׿Ȼ£ҲѲ˸ϵֻҪûиղŵţ½Ԫһġ
΢΢ǣЦЦ
ʱ½Ԫǡô˽Ѹѹǣǰ˵ҪȥأҪˣ
½Ԫ׼ɫţǰϣʵż˵ʲôˣ
ҸղŸ绰ʽҵͨ󣬿ǶæûйҶϵ绰ڸ˵ʲôƷ飬¹شҾͶһԭԭǴöƷݺ㣡
˵ʵǲһҽеһأ
½Ԫü˵ͷ
ǾͶˣǸ̸˵ڻм˶ƷֻҪһ뺣أͻָ㣬˵ЩƷȫָʹġ
½Ԫ׵üͷԽԽ÷·ҪЦ۵Ǹüƻء
嵣ǵؿ
ܿ죬½Ԫ׵ƽҲ˲٣˶ٶԽ˵챨ʾһؼҡ
ˡҡͷƽ˵ȥԼȥͿԵġ
½Ԫûм֣ȷʵҪֶ룺ҽ˾㣬ҽϿܻزȥˡ
֪עⰲȫһ˫۾
½ԪǰᱧסοİɣµģϢ
 

106±в

ص֮Ҷڴշת࣬ԺﲻܿƵ½ԪΪ龰֪ǰ͸©Ϣ½Ԫ׵½׿Ȼݺδܳɹֹסصġ
˿̣ʶԼûܷ½Ԫס
˿ͷϵֻסٸ½Ԫ״绰ĳ嶯
ҶһҹߣǱ½Ԫ׸ͣطսһҹ
ȻһӰĻԼλĸ
ǣ½׿Ȼ£½Ԫһ򶼺ܽԶڽ˵ĻС
Ϊ˱ݾߣ˰Ѱ칫صŲ½ƵĶ׷
ҽеߵǴˣɹɹ½Ԫ׵ĸǿʼŲǷжƷ
ڵϢʱɻʵ½ϵĻֶƷȻܰϣǶ½ϵӰ϶ҲСͶʼ١ƱµܻĴ½׿ȻĿҪƹ½ϣôѡ˵һǧ˰ٵķ
½Ԫ׿Ŵɫ˸ͣĹƣҵߵǼȫ½ϵġ
˵½׿ȻҪӹ½ϣǻùүүǹءʱΪ½ΣУүүԸԸҲˣСԾһϲֻͨܰ½Ͻ½׿Ȼӹܡ
Ȼ̾Ϣһ˵ΪǮȨ½׿ȻȻֶֶˡ
ֹǲֵֶ֣Ҳʲôǣ˶٣½ԪЦ˵ҲãҲʰɣԼͰѱˡ
˻䣬ԱߵһԱͻȻκϢˣ
½Ԫ׼˹ȥԱĵĻĻκĶƷƬ
Ա˵ڱֵеУȻصжƷκѾˣʾһô
½Ԫ˼һ˵Ȱ˿סʲôκȥȻϵر˵ͻȻ֣ǵĻ
õġ
һæµֱɫŽ䶨
յ½׿ȻϢ½Ԫײ˿
ת˵黹ûн½׿ȻϢܿᱻȥȴһع˾½ϵĹعҪȻլүү
á
˴ҴϴһûüִŹǷȥ˹˾
½Ԫ׻·½լ
½үӦҲѾյ½׿ȻϢһ鷿ˡ
½үֱӿżɽʵ飬ֱʰɣ
½ԪûзϣҲô챻ץ˾ͻҡ
үͻȻ̾˿˵үүˣүүԲ㰡
ȷʵˣڵñ½׿Ȼڲ㺦Լӣ½ܵ
үӵͷɫڵκƣ
ӦѾµ˰ɣ㸸ĸĳֽšүүһʱͿѡû뵽֪ڸģ䱾Ȼһ̫ĺˡ
ǳ½ԪȻв룬ȴһֱ鲻õû뵽үүȻôˡ
һֱĲõ֤ʵ½Ԫû뵽ǣ˾Ȼүүһʱ֮䲻֪Լôˡ
Ĭһ½Ԫ̧ͷʵΣүүѡٱ𣿡
½үҡҡͷ˵ʹˣûЩˣôôɡ
˵ţֵݸ½ԪһļƷ£϶Ӱ쵽½ϵľӪҪˡһݹɷת飬ҰµĹɷȫתƵ£½ϵľӪϣжľȨˡ
½ԪײûпãӹļˢˢʾǩԼ֣Щɷݶõõģ˵׸õõġ
ȥæɡүһͦļػ˻֡
½ԪվЩ̣ǰ˵һ᳣ġ
ү½Ԫ뿪ıӰ΢΢ЦЦ
½׿ȻϢܿ촫˾֮ǣļ׷ױְͣ顣
ְͣ˵УҶҲС
ϢʱﾹȻЩϲŵһҲ˶
½Ԫûˡ
½Ԫ״ϢӦ֪ԼǸ޹صİɣָҪллԼء
Ѿû˼½ϵɣ½׿Ȼһг飬ǰְֵİӿ϶ϣˡ
Ҷҵȣû½Ԫ׵ĵлȴ˾в
ͬǼˣһ𱻴˾֡
 

107±ٳǰ

ѶҶѾͬľѯ˺ü顣ڵûˡ
ʲô֪Ҫ½ԪףҶ緳˵
ＸСʱѯʣﲻԹ½ԪΪʲôΪ֤ԼôҲΪʲôȥ
Ѷûн֮ǰ˭ܼѯľ̬ҲʮǿӲ
Ҷ˵ǲ˼ڿʼһֶ˵
㣡
ѯľҪ𣬱ͻȻ߹ŮԱȰˣأЪɡ
оüͬŮԱ˳ȥ
Ҷ类һƾҵСһӣκζĶûСЩҪ˱ˮͻ˯˹ȥ
½Ԫȥ˽ⰸչʱ򣬿ľҶ˯ŵΡ
΢΢üһִСϣС¡Ѿˡ
½׿Ȼйϵ𣿡½ԪײͷԵľʵ˵Ծ˼ֱ
Աش˵½׿ȻĴǽ˵½׿ȻȻ϶ҶܿأʵȴһְֱãûϤȫ½׿ȻίɸҲ֪˽µҵ񡣡
Ǿ޹ˣ
ԣ½׿ȻҲ϶һ㡣
½ԪֿһҶŤ˯ˣǾ;˰ɡ
ԡԿףǰʹ˾ҵš
Ҷ类ŵɵ˫ۣſڿ˹ȥƳ½Ԫ׵ʱ˲ѡ
͵ȴΪʱ䱣һƣȽŷ飬һ£ˤһԵľۼֿס
½Ԫ˰ֻţֲźۼ˻
Сĵ㡣ҶվȲɿ֡
Ҷվԭػһ£ָ֫ų½Ԫ˹
Թص½Ԫ˵ҺôҲǰ㣬㲻мҲˣô֤֤޹ģҲұˡ
֪Ѷ̣Ǳü½Ԫ˻̽ĶĿҪˡ
½Ԫ׶ĵ壬˵ھе֮ǰҲ֪޹ģôΪ֤أУֻ֪ΪҶ幤ɲǵʲôʱҡ
Ҷ翴½Ԫ׵ı飬ԼһĵǶÿЦ½Ԫ׶Լͨѵ绰һмˡ
Ŷˣ͵õϢ֪½׿ȻļƻԼţ˵ûκμֵˣͬԼĵġ
˵˫ܻģԱΪĿĵĸ涼СԣԹʲôأ
Ҷ̧ͷ½ԪһۣȻƹĬĬ뿪˾֡
һﻹһԿ׵ľ죬ҶıӰ˵ѶĹУһֱ˵Ҫ㡣
½Ԫ΢΢üʲôҲûʣҲޱ뿪ˡ
뿪ʱҶվ·ߴ򳵣˸ųңңؿһֺۣܿƲۡ
ҹķѾЩˣҶ米վţԲЩ⣬Ӱ쳣
⼸û֣ŷˡ
½Ԫԥһ˲ѳͣǰϳ㡣
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½Ԫ˵ַרĵؿų֮ûκνⶼʩԷ֡
Ĭʮӣ½ԪͻȻʵղ˵ңʲôʱ£
Ҷ粢ǰֵˣô˵ʲôԼԵ顣
ʲôʱϸͨ籨ţ˵½׿ȻҪݺʱ򰡡Ҷ˵
ͨ籨ţ½׿ȻͻȻЦȴûõı飬½׿ȻҪݺϢˣǽ塣
Ҷ͵԰ĵ绰ͨҾʹȻתġҪȻΪĶл͵Ϣ
ȴû˵Ϣġ½׿ȻͻȻ
Ҷû˵˵û˵ԼΪʲô˵ô֪ȵȡԺʲôͻȻüͷʵ˼˵˵Ϣֵģ
½Ԫ׳طʵֵģѵ㷢ֵģ
ȴӽǶ֪Ϣľ»ᱻҶⷬ˵ƭס
Ȼң绰ͨ¼ġҶΪԼҲ֪½ԪھΪʲôǸ̬ˡ
м˹½ԪȻΪԼ½׿Ȼͬǲ㺦֮ͬһ
½ԪƱ磬ֻиʧ
ȷʵ绰Ҳ߹ˣͨ绰½׿Ȼ̽١
㲻ңҶʵ
ǣ֮ǰǹ˵ЩжĻǶΪ˽ӽ½׿ȻһҰְֵйأҽӽΪ˵顭
˵ˣ½ԪͻȻһɲѳͣ·ߣȻŤͷ˵ǲΪҵ飬Ҿͻǰչˣ
ǰһ̾ȻΪֵˣԭǻġ
ϳҶң½׿ȻôҲˣ޿ܽôƭԼ
ںӵķϣ½׿ȻҲ׷ʲôԺٳǰˡ
Ҷ类ĻµƿԣǱݵģȴƫƫû취ΪԼ⡣
ʵҲûʲôñģ½ԪֻŽ壬ԼоݣҲǽƱˡ
Լ֪绰ͨ籨
Ҷ籯ط֣½ԪôȻúڡ
ƴסᣬ½Ԫǰ¶һ˿˿Ĵ
Щ½ԪȴΪװĿ
ͨڵĺӾһۣͻȻ˵³
Ҷ类ŵһ飬Ŵ򿪳³˫Ų·ϵһ̣ҲܿƵ˳
½Ԫ׿һۣŹϵԥһţʻȥ
 

108±ˣ

ϣ½ԪԺﶼҶ³ʱǸ
Ҷ˵滰أ
½Ԫ׺ܿҡͷ뷨Ҷ˵滰ѵĲǽˣôܻƭأ
صʱ򣬽廹û˯
ôû˯أ½Ԫǰʵ
ʱϢԼڲһʲôأ־ԼһΡ
㲻˯š˽Ļԥʵڽչôˣ¸µĻ񡭡ҪƳ𣿡
Զôƽ⣬Ϊ룬½Ԫ׸ھΣھԼá
ҪҪһжճУһһ˳ʢĻġ½Ԫױ֤
̲סѾ˼ô꣬ԸϾҪʵˡ
Ҷһ˲֪·˶ãֱʵ۵߲ˣ⳵
صʱ˵գⰢ̲׸ҩֻ¡
ԭҵʱѾǺҹˣһʱ˯˹ȥ
һ˯úܲȣһһΣÿһﶼ½Ԫ׺³Ρ
ʱۼˣǿʰͲ¥
ס׷ӱϾ½׿Ȼʲƺܿͻˡ
½׿Ȼ򡢲ͼƷ֤ʵ֤һһУҶԼͿ²鵽ṩ˾ŵᾡ׵
һжõķչ½׿Ȼ̬ȣҲǳԤϵĺá
ҶƵĵ죬Ҷһ޳ⰢҲ͵͵Ĩᡣ
Ҷ˳ȰܽӹܻҶˡ
ֻǣΨһźǣҶǰõϢˣǰȥץľ˸ա
侲Ȳ˲ᣬ˵ҶŲ̳Ҫܰ죬ȥǶסɡ
ȼɫãʮֵ塣
Ҷȴٴҡͷܾ˵鷳ˣҾʹˡ
ʵת˲뵽¸½Ԫ׽Ҫٰص˵ͷ˵ҲãһµĻ¿ʼ
Ҷ˵һмҪæҶϵʲȫȥ
ȥȲͬ˵Ҫǲ뾭Ӫѹ˾йܳȥҲðÿֻ÷ֺ죬Ϊʲôǵȫˣ
γܾҲˣҲڹʲôǣҵĶҶҶڵļֻʣһտˣӦְҪҶϵģȴҪˣҲİɴͽɢˣʲȫˣҲῪĵġ
ǰƣһ֧ѡġ
㲻ڹǣңأʵҲټǰɣ
ȻǣõѣһһֱģҲԳҰҶ͵
ȴһŤͷȻˡ
Ҷֱ֤һᾭ绰ĵģУʱұ֤һعμĻ񣬺òã
ת΢΢ЦЦֻﻹŨҵĲᡣ
Ц˼䣬뿪ʱҶСĵ㣬Ҷ˻ûбץпܻû뿪˳ǣСͼ㣬ָ㱨
֪ˣһСĵġҶվſڣĿ뿪
ֲعȥ˼죬Ҷľ񽥽˵㣬Ѿμ½Ԫˡ˳ǶҪͽϢ𵱳ԼǴΣй֮޲
˼ҵǱ죬ҶĽԼŵϾץҶġǣصѲȻûʲôչ˲ò²⣬ҶĿѾ뿪˳ǳˡ
ʱҶ̲ס룬ְǰĲҶģ֪ҶĺԼ
Ӧǲġ
ҶҶĵķûִ̫Ҷӹ׷ӽҲҪµعҲǶĳͷˡ
ҶĻǰѾˣ˺ĻƱ
ⰢѾΪֲŷĵزһѵĶٴΰʱ˳嵥ȥˡ
Ҷ翴ѾռСε̾˿
ϲ鿴ԼҪȥǸңſͻȻ˼ٵ
ˡ
ҶΪⰢ˴ԿףҴҵ߹ȥš
һ򿪣ǰιһӰŲһʹ˾ʧȥʶ̿쵽ǸӰ˭
صʱƴһ˿ʶƣס˶ĺӡ
ٴʱоһĵټϲӲߵòҪ³
Ŷ˶ֽţֶѾˡֻŬԼɵЩһתͷȴһ˵ĺס
 

109Ҳ

ʧˣȷе˵Ǳˡ
½ԪյµϢʱŤһȥͲ¥
Ҷⷿű߿ʱͷⰢһ
½ǡҪʲôⰢ̿½ԪһӱڣԾʵ
½Ԫ׵ɫܲãⰢ̱ǵŵˡ
½Ԫ״С￴˿ʵҶأ
Ⱒ˵СͻȻˣҸС㶼أ
ˣ½ԪЦҵδޣ˽
ʲôⰢ̾Ķ˵ϣҡͷ˵ⲻܣСԲôģ˵УأԼŶҪСģôܰܵ˱أ
׳ŵߵ½Ԫ׸ǰ˵Сʶôʱ䣬Ǹʲô¿϶ݺģ½Ҫˡ
½Ԫױ˱
ҶǸʲôѾˡ
ѡ½׿ȻվԼĶٵ½׿Ȼ̨Լƭ󲻵ǣȻ
û֤ǲ˵ġ
ڰ֮ܽ½Ԫһŷ⣬ȻֶǴӡģͷȴа˲СµָƣպúҶƥ䡣Ҷִ쿪ʼʧʱҲǺϡ
绰ϵ㣬͸Ҳᱨᰴ˵ʱǮ׼ãһҪ֤İȫʲôµĻҲˡ
½Ԫޱ䣬ʹű뿪ˡ
Ⱒ̻ˤɳϣ½Ǿ仰ĲСˡ
Ҷ类˴³ʱ򣬷ְҶģԾɵһŵĽʱȴ̲ס΢΢ɴ۾
ʲôҾˣô£
ҶİΪ˱ɣҶҵĶԹٲϲ壬Ҳۼˡ
Ϊܵİ
ҶڼҶͽϵԣ̧ͷҶһۣǴŹЦ²ֽͣϵӶһ顣
Ұܵģ˵ʲôҶüʵ֪Ҷĺ«ʲôҩ
԰ܵġҶľӸµߵҶǰЦŽ˵һϷͬʱͽ壬Ϣ½Ԫ˵ܵģ½Ԫ׻ʲôӦ
ҶԽЦԽҶشԹԵ˵½ԪΪɱ˽壬ͻ㣬㣬ĥ㣬㲻ϲ𣿱ԼϲĥӦûʹɣ
ЦЩŤˣҶ粻ŵؿǷˣȰ㻹Ǿȥװɣڱȫͨܿͻҵġ
ģҶĵͻȻҶǰھҵ֮ǰһȥġ
Ҷ˵꣬ͰͽڵϣЦ뿪ˣ׳˿ǡ
ȻڻţˤڵҲûзӦ
ӦǱҩһ·û
ҶһһŲȥͷö俿ıǼ⣬кŷ
˿ܣǺһĲֿҵطһЩϾɵ̥ԶмСӽǿȥֻ֦ܿҵĿ֦
ֿӦ뺣ߺܽз˲ĴʱԼŵ̵ĺζ
ֿ˽һۣ뵽ҶĿǸ񶾵ļƻ
½Ԫ׻Žܵͣ½Ԫ׻
ò˵Ҷĵƻ治Ŀǰľ½ԪǲĽ͵ġ
Ҷ翴ŴͺͺĿֲ֦ԤС
ϣ廹ûѹҶ˲ֿһˣһЩˮͺٵʳȻѽˡ
ҶеؽʳʣΪ˶ĺӣŬȥ
ߵҹ䣬ҶǽϢȴ˯žʼ˼롪
屻ʲôطҶĻ᲻˺½Ԫôʲô⣬úѹɣ

 

110һָȲ

ҶںҹﰾϢãɫ׵ˣ¸ҲʹҪԲʱ˲ֿ⣬һҴϡ
ڴּ˽壬ɽȴȻš
Ҷһֻ˵½ԪѾ·ˡȥˡ
ʲôҶעͷԼԽԽɺ
ס
ҶĶ׳ʹ˸ɫ˺ܿǯס˽СҶ硣
ͷƤҶоһʹȻͷ·չһ㣬ֱ̧̧۶ˣʶȴ쳣ѡ
Ҷһ߽ϵӣһָ˰ѽ˼װϡ˵ǰʵһ£˲Եȥ
֧˵ģֻʱ˵Ҷ̧˿ʱ䣬ʱ䣬½Ԫ׸ϹʱǡҩЧȥڲԶѻ֣½ԪһϵװϣͻᱻһǹͷȻǸʱѾɻˣҲѡƽܿѻֵΧ
ҶĻ䣬봹ԴϾͶɫĹ㡣
ҾɱҺˣΪʲôҪǣˣҶŭ˵
½Ԫʵʱ򣬽屻˿ǹǡԱߣݻ½ԪΪİˣ϶Ϊɱġ
ȽĻֻܵ½Ԫ׵ƽȼʱĻ岻һȴʵҪɱͼ
ĸѡ񣬶·һ
ҶĶߣֱɱ಻棬Ȥ
ͻȻҶЦЦϵıʮǰҶҵʱɡ
ټˣ㡣
Ҷ½Ԫװ͵˱ĵطȻ֪ͨߵĴϽʡ
Ҷͽڴϵ½ԪףԼȥ
õͳֻҪǮڹ
ʱһһعȥˣҶÿָһĵǾ͸һ֡
½ԪԽԽˣῴԼǰɱŮѣᡭ
Ҷ粻֮ᷢʲô
Ҷ緢ԼվʱĶҲһԶĽŲ
ͷǸߵúܼҲţҶ֪½Ԫס
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ΪҲҰ͵֣͵𣿡½ԪͻȻŭҶЩԺΪʲôϡֱ׳طָ
һ͵ģǰҪҵĺӡ½Ԫںӳ֮ǰʵشɣ
Ҷ½Ԫ׵̸δ½Ԫ뿪֮󣬷ֱ
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ڽ뾡ַͼ뿪
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ʧԺҶܵվڴ̨ǰ䣬ͷƳԼĶӡ
ͻȻһŶӣ쿪ŰҶۣȥҽԺ
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112Զԭ

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ԴܳԺҶԻ˺ܶ࣬ЦôҲˣȻ󲿷ֶΪ²½Ԫ׵Ļõ˹
ԴϴҶװԺ½Ԫ׾Ҷķ˰װ˼غ¼豸˵ĻһֲشĶ
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ȷɽǹҶĵط
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½ԪͻȻ˳嶯
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½Ԫ׻֪˼ɺӣܿҶС
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ȥҽбѾ½Ԫ׶Ե˾Ը˵ôһȶ˵ˡ
 

114ȥ

˾Դ˻͸ȴ˵绰¶ˣ˺½Ԫ׹ȷɽ
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˵ж︣ɶߴ·ʱҪŵġ
 

115һֱƭ

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ܳһԣ̲סԼ˴ĴָԼΪϰģôҲְн˰ɣ
 

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׿Լľ֮ڲʶԼжϲҶ硣
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֣ܵĵ绰ִ˽˵һ鵽˰Ϣ˸Ŀĵأͬһ˶Ʊ޷ƶջļܷɻÿǻڶƬһ֣˵һʱϵ㡣
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࣬½ԪһСģײһλ긾Ůæ˾䡰Բ𡱣Ųȴûͣ
긾Ůȴץס˵ײˣ˵Բˣ⳥ҡ
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ߺŵǻڵֹͣǻ㲥ʱ½Ԫ׳ױŭקϵǸȭͷϺݺݵȥ

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ȺУȷ̵˵ţһʢͬʱʧٵģưҲһˡ
Զ˾ԴŲŲ˵Ԫ׺ȥ׷Ҷˡ
Цһ˵ʱڣˣ
ʱıǼǹɣھ¼塪
ͷױžϰЦݣΣ½Ԫ
Լʱ䣬½Ԫ׵ĳȴٳûοԼ˵½Ԫ׿·϶³ˡ
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һ̣ԭֻʱҪΪ½Ԫ׵ˡ
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ҶȥFһСǶ˼С¥̫̫ʮ飬ˣÿͶΪ׼һݷḻи͡
̫̫ûѯӵĸ˭ҲûΪʲôԼһ˳סȥҶ粻ٵΡ
̫̫γ̫ӦĻ˵ҲһλZͣͬǸŮȥȥˣʱȥǸŮһ
Ҷ޷ܾ̫̫ĺ⣬ǣŷ̫̫¿ĵ⣬ÿ˸⻧š
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С㣿
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Ҷ˵͹ȥˣһжĽ浵Ĵ
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磬ʶĹ˺ܿ
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Ҷͷ˶ǰĸͻ״׼ʱ򣬻Ƿһʼδ顣
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ȶҶһֱڣÿοٸɫ
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ƣüģĵĹԢ
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Ӥ
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⺢Ҳ֪˭첻˵ü½Ԫ׵ġЦصһҲ񡭡
ʶ˲ˣܿҡҡͷЩӿ׵Ժ
չ˺һӲףҶҪΪƱġÿֻܰѺӽÿÿ뵽;úΣһϸ衣
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ʲô½Ԫף˭˵½ԪףҶƮƮЩҵʵ
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Ҷ￩һͻȻԼε½Ԫˡ
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ҶѺӴקǺȴԽԽԽԽףûϴ裬ΪʲôҪˣ
 

120

ڸղ̫𾪣ҶڲʶС˵ǺϸȷʵǸҶһ٣Fһ䡣
۾ԲཱུģϼֵƵ·ӦǸǮ˼ҵĺӡӣǸһġ
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ҶҲҶѲԼĵܵܣ֪ղžͲͷˣҪԼ衣
ҶµҶʲô˵ҷģֻһӡͻȻðСϣҲΡ
衣ҶҶ̧ͷﺬᣬƺֻҪҶҡҡͷǾͻӿ
úúáҶԴ֮󣬶СӸۣǶԸҶһĺӡ
軳ҶСüëǱɣþæĸĸ
ҪҪҶۿˢˢǲִ㲻ҪСˣСܹԵģ費ҪҶ졣
ԭǱԼˣҶ粻ɸۣҶĺ󱳣ҶֺãǲҾ죬ְ߰ĶǸ˭һߵģ
費ᣬǰְܿʰɡų⾯죬ֻԼѺ͵Ƕˡ
Ҷ籧ǸسҶһۣͻȻֳСö
û뵽ǣҶȻͨ˵ǰְְɡ
ҶȻﲻҶ˵Լ뵽ԼǲҲְˣֻûаְ֡
ôһ룬ԼҶͬҲͬ
Ҷ絹ûôֻ࣬ԼĶʮֶ¡
ӷϣ¡
ҶסᣬҭŻش˵ҰְֿȥˣҪȳԹ緹Ż
Ҷʵ˭ߵģ
ҶСؿҶһۣСİ̲ҳţԼ͵͵ܳġ˵꣬ҶΪԣ˵ҲǹĲģǰ̲ҳ棬ҡ
ڱķǶί͵͵ܳˡ
˼ҵĺӣҶҲðæѵֻǴĶܳģСһ֧֧ᣬ˵ԼҲǵˡ
ɺ̲ϣһҳǾƵ꣬һǮ˶ѡסǶҶ绻·Ҷȥ
·ϣҶһֱҶ绳Ҷصһۣ˵ߣô֣۵ġ
Ҷ㶣æСȾҪµء
չҶôãҶ˵ֱ޵ļܣȻۣҲҪ˼Ҷ飬Ծ˳ưҶ˵ϡ
ɳ̲̫̫ߣҶٶȣҶǸģҶŤͷƳһۣߵʵ࣬ͲʲԸ˵ߡ
ţáҶĵҶ֣˿ȸղŻ˲١
Ҳĺʲô֣Ҷһ߿ߣһʵ
ҶҶ˵
ҶһָԼô񣬲ɵͷ˵ȻҵġǸ磬ǵܵܣСһеŪ˵ʹС
ҶƳһۣ붼ػشǸ硣
ޣãҶؽ磬۾Цֻʣһϸ졣
磬׶԰𣿡
֮ǰΪʲôң

ҶһС죬һ·ϡ硱ĽиͣһһʣҶͷشҲ⣬Ȼ˵ͣ˾ͳҶ衣
ҶͣͷֵģȻҶôһֵƺҲ
Ҷ̫ƽʱǲͷͬĺ棬ټСôĵʱСӻǶཻЩѣŸЩ
ǼҳǾƵ뺣߲ԶͣͣʮӺ˾Ƶǰ̨
ҶھƵĴ˿ͻȻһסҶ˵裬Ҹְסʮһ¥
Ҷԭǰ̨Ҷһʡ²٣ҪϵݣͻȻһġСүȻԵҶͱһŮ͵ر˻
˭ſŪˣ
Ҷ绹ûڣҶҶüһҪ޲޵ģǸŮ˵ǰ
ŮɿҶؿҶҶ˵Ҷүıķ˭Сүȥ
ǰŮ˿Ҳʮ壬񻣬ҲʱУ˵濴Ҷıķ
ʧְȣûúӣһ˵ǰԼƵһɶҶҶߵһ
׼ô˵裬һġҶҶǰ˵
Ҷ粻ǷǣҶȷʵǸķʶģͶҶ˵Ȼҵ˼ˣǰ̾ˣǵ´οɲһˡ
У´۸㣬֪𣿱ɵվǶһҶҲǰһ䡣
ҶҪߣֺȦʵ裬磬ֲҪС𣿡
ķšüͷҶһһĽУɫúܲãǰǿбҶ˵Сүɲܱ˸ƭˣʲô˶ġ
ҶȻ˱ķָҶİְǸʯ壬ƽʱҶ˶ˣСķҲһ
裡Ҷڱķ
ҶǰԴСҪķ̵ĻĲ裬Ҿ㲻裬ҲԳҺҶǾסڲʺݣܽġ
裬ְָҿƬҲϴġҶżرŬҶԼ
ðɺðɣҶٿֻú˵ʵģͰְֳˣڻûԭȰְֻˣðְؼңòã
ǣҶСϴˣְֻҪͿ϶úø͵ġ
ҶҶҪߣߺίӦáСģҶһۡ
Сķ˷ƵģҶ¥Ҷʼ磬ҲҶ
ҿԼߵġҶ˵
Ҷ̲סǣղҶʱҶСĽĲС
ԼĶӲа˵Ҷ۵һڡ
 

121ƬϵŮ

⼸½ԪһF̽ҶϢһ߿½ϵҵʼûܲ鵽Ҷص˿Fȴ÷ˮ
ǰյϢ˵FҪһʯ½ҵصһģһ
½Ԫ׵õϢͣظFǰͨϵңϧҲҶ磬ҲʶҶ磬ֻ˵ǵиǷǮծġ
½ԪҪһǸǷծˣȴִǰѾˡ
Ȼˣ½Ԫײûżعʯ˳Ӳһ½FĲҵ
һڸFҵԱᣬɢʱѾˡܾԱΪٰĻӭpartyֱӻصƵ꣬ھƵԸЩʹҴƿ˶ʮһ¥ķ䡣
ű򿪣½Ԫط֣ɳϵСһ泯ſڴ˯
½Ԫ׼ǰذҶһԵıķʵСүˣΪʲôȥ˯
ҡ
ķſҪͣҶ͵ѹ˵ذ̵£СҪȰְֻġ
½Ԫ׵ͷְֲ˵ȲְֵʱԼ˯𣿡
СҪ˵Ҷ½Ԫ׻ƣգ۾˵
Ϊմӻ˯ѣ¶ɰ½Ԫ̲ס˴ཱུա
Ҷ½Ԫ׵Ǹӣȫ½ҶȻæȴһִġ
½ҶȡͿԿó½ԪװԼҶĺӣ½ԪóҶƬָЦŮˣҶ衣
½ң˶½Ҷ¡ʵϣΪ½Ԫ׶½Ҷĳ谮˽¶ڴԣ˵Ҷʵ½Ԫ׵˽ӡ
Ҷ㿪ָ˹˵ҽˡ
ʲô½Ԫĵһ֪һ꺢ӵļ䲢һףٴȷϵĶģȷƬ𣿡
½Ԫ׵ԼûвĲ
Ҷ£Ҳ˷ں߼ģ˵ңƬһģһҲ˵ġ
½Ԫ׵һļҪǻˣFΣδʧ飬ͻȻõҶϢ֪ھԼߣЩš
Ŀתķķȴҡͷ˵СүĪκʵ˰ɣǽһ춼ûгȥ
½Ԫ׵һִƶ˵ȵףҶͣξʵȷʵпܣ죬һֱԼҶĹ£λεҲ֡
ĴӸߴ£·ˤ˼꣬۶۵֪үͻȻġ
ƭˣȥ˵ģҽû˯ҲûΣҶקק½Ԫ׵ӣί˵ְ֣ˣļˣ˵ȥʺƵأ
ҶԽ˵Խۿˡ
ãְ㡣½Ԫͷ̲ס̾˿ĶãƽʱЩˣСŮһһίͰޡ
½Ԫ׸ղ䣬ٴοһԵıķķ㣬ʼղҸֱӡЦһȷʵǱķ˻ѡ
Ӧ֪ҪҶϲ㣬ǾԲ½ҵġ
ԭҶıķⰢ̣Ⱒ岻ãϼȥˣ½Ԫ״Ƹ뱣ķʱ˸ǰ
ԴӸȡԼԺ½̫̫궯Ȼ֪ķΪʲôģԭֱӴҶȴϲټϣ½Ԫ׼Ȼӽôִ֪磬ûʲô£ǾͰҶߡ
ĸѵĻ
½Ԫ׷ֻҶƬݸķʵ㵽׼ûƬϵˣ
ķӹֻһۣͷѸٴȥסϵı顣
Ҿ㣬ٻش𣬱˵Ƿҡ
ķֻͻȻղ֮ð˵Ҷûгȥ½Ԫ׷ʧְ뿪ڣ½ԪǷвô
үҲע⣬Լܵ˺ߣƬŮ˰СүͻؾƵģûϳСүݡķ֧˵ʵ顣
½ԪҶԼһܳȥʱ򣬲üͷҶҶͻʱ˲Ļ㱡
ȷƬϵˣûٴθķȷϵ
ķ˵ͷ
½ԪͻȻЦҶͷһ£Ʋסϲǰְֵĸǡ
Ҷ½Ԫ׷ľٶЩ񣬵ûж룬Űһ顣
Сʵְ֣ʲôʱȥ裿˵ڵȥأ
½Ԫ׼ǵҶ˵ҶסڲʺݣסĵطԶ
Ȼھȥһ뵽ϾҪ˼ĺˣﾹȻЩӡ
ǰҶڼô͵Ǹأ
½ԪӲ¼飬Ҷ˵һ磬Ѿˣ˯˳ʱڸдòݸ壬øôҶǸ
ǣȵڶ̫ʱ򣬵½ԪױһСտҶʺݵʱŷԼһô޴ľ
 

122Ӱ

½ԪһʺݵĹ˴кߵǰ̨ҪҶסϢʱǰ̨д
̸ǰޱѹҵֵ½ܲã˿ȴ̲סŵð
ϾҪҶˣǸģԭˣǾͽ飬ȻһһҶһɰĺӡ
½ǸǼʾҶССʱǰѾ˷뿪ˡ
ǰ̨СĻͻȻ½Ԫõ롣
뿪ˣһŲӵȽҶСտžһ˵ϡ
ְֲ֣ҪСˡҶ˿ǻ
½ԪҲһЩհǰ˺˼룬û뵽Ȼ˸Ҷˡ
һտݸҶο˵ֻʱмˣǲҪСˡ
ҶʵȥĶˣô
½Ԫ˵ҵģְֱ֤ò˶ãǾͻټġ
½ԪװοҶһʱ绰Ըȥ¿ʼڱɺ̲Ѱҡ˼ȻСʱڲ϶ܵõЩ˿
ȴ绰½ԪȲز鿴˱ǰ̨¼
¼ǸϤӰʱ½Ԫ׵ؿͻȻİ⣬÷·Ҫˮ
¼Ҷʸӳˣ֮⣬ƺһҲû䣬һģһ
½Ԫ׷·һ㣬̰ؿ¼ĨӰ
ǡҶ뿪ʱﱧŵǸ˭
Ҷ硣Ҷ·֪½Ԫ׵ʣָĻϵСк˵
磿½ԪüҶʵˣΪʲôһ𣿡
Ҷ˵ûиˣҽ磬Ҳĺӡ
Ҷˣ
½ԪһüģһԺϢ
֮ǰָҶΣȴûܻ⼸ӣܵųֿԣʵ
ǸӿҶʱ䣬ڳôºӣҶѰСһЩҶ绳ĺҲΪòԸͷĺӣпҶġ
Ҷĸ˺ӣڵļͥҸȲ˵Ҷ᲻ԭҶóȻǰ˵ӦǴŰɣ
½ԪͻȻԥ֪ԼǸüѰңǾôȥ
ٲףҲƻ˵ļͥһҸļͥĻ
ְ֣ôˣСУҶ½Ԫԣʵ
û£ְںΪʲôûҪȻǾܼˡ
ûµģҶο˵´ǾͲ˯ˣʲô룬ֱȥˣ
ǰȻһӿףѾΪԥҶʧһˣѵҪΪհǰ˺ٴ
µļͥҸףûн飬߹òãٰ׷
½ܣҪˣǸˡһʱ䣬ѵ
ʯӣжξ룬ʱ䡣Ǹóˡ
á½ԪֳĻϵ˿һۣűҶ뿪˱ݡ
Ҷ֮ԴҶΣһΪ˴Ҷ󺣣һΪ˲μһᡣ
ǰʱ÷ʯǱϾ½үģЩһֱĬĬǮϣһ԰
ȻڲûܹǮμⳡᣬ뿴Ứ˭ңպǮʱҲ֪ȥĶ
һ磬ʹҶȥڳǵᡣ
뺯LeoģʯѹƷǴҶ˳ƷҲҶպʶ
ҶöһСʿһԼλϣģҶѯʡ
ҶͷԽԽο
мֵƷһ㶼VIPϯλĽȵʯʱVIPϯλϵӸǾٵۻҡ
Ĳľļ۸ҶЩܣ֪ԼⱲӻܲ
裬ҿҶˡҶͻȻСҶ˵
Ҷ˳ָķ򣬳VIPϯķ˹ȥҶȻǮ˼ҵĺӣɡ
ҶǸ˾Ȼ½Ԫף
ҶʶһѰҶԼ
Ҷԭ½Ԫ׵ĶӣֲҶϳ裬Ϊ峤񣬵½Ԫ
Ҷ粢֪½ԪȡϢҶǽ½Ԫ׵ĺӡ
½Ԫ׻μⳡҲ֣Ͼ½ҵĴұԼ⣬Ȼû뵽磬Ҫ½ԪײҶǿɾͻˡ
裿ҶҶ绳ɻغһ֪ΪʲôͻȻֱüѵ֮ǰƭԼҶĺӣ
ҶȻεصסҶ˵Щǰȥòã
á֪ѣҶǹɵص˵ͷ
Ҷ籧ҶѹԴƹȺҴææߣΪ̫żСĲȵһλĽš
½ԪҶģͰӽҶֻҪ˾ƣ͸ž٣һֱûٸΪֹ
ҶøһȺȥ˼С첲ٵòֺ
½Ԫ׵ĿԽ̨们ſڷһźӴҴſߵӰһӴҰ
 

123°ѵĴ

½Ԫ׼ϳҶ磬תҶŽҴҶһ䡰һҪͳſ׷˹ȥ
Ҷ籧Ҷ뿪ʱֱ׷˹Ųһ٣С·Ƶڴ¥ı棬ֲ˺ƴ·棬һҴȥ
½Ԫ׷¥ʱ򣬿ǰĽֵ֮󣬷ٴθҶˡ
ҶϴҴ뿪Ϊڶ
΢ᴵ½Ԫ׵Ҷ֮ѾԽԽ˲𣿻ҶԵˡ
Ⲣ½ԪäĿֹۣ˴εƵģÿŷȥм¼ҶȻֳͨ϶ҵFסġ
վĽֵϣ½Ԫһģ˿̲¹һ
õЩĿ½Ԫûٻȥᣬ¥´һ
ĸ˴˵绰и˲뺯£չ绰ʹҶӵ
Ҷ½ԪףһСڵƵĳ˹½Ԫȵؽס
ǰ㱨˵ʯˣа󣬻ֱ͵ǾƵ
½Ԫ׵˵ͷҶߡ
ҶСӣ߱ʵְ֣ȥȥ𣿡
죬һְ־ʹȥ裬ڣȥԷ
ʣʱ䣬㹻ҵҶסˡ
һߵĳ⳵ϣҶɻʵ裬׷ΪʲôҪܣ
ҶȻֻܸ࣬÷˵û׷ǣֻЩ̫ؾƵϢ
ޡҶͷµûҶ硣Ťͷ⣬ССԹȴԶ󿪡
Ҷ֮󣬾֪˵Ļǲȫŵģǹ߰ƭСӡ˵λᵽ½Ԫסȴϳһиղţһ̵Ҫؽͨ裬Ȼ˺ƣ϶Ϊ׷ǰ
ҶСԴ룬׷ǵ˻᲻Ǹ½Ԫסİְ֣ҶĺӵĻָҶ࣬Ҷһ˫̥ˣΪĳԭ򣬰ְˣҶҲֿˡ
ҶԽԽÿܣãҶ͡Ҷ֣һ˫̥
ǣΪʲôҶأŰְ֣ǰְĵ
ò˵Ҷ޴ȫࡣ
ҶҶĹ֣Щ̣Ǵжģ½Ԫ׷мǲˣҪֱӴҶؼҵĻСһƻʧġ
Ȼȥһеĵʿȥ棬òãҶСŤʵ
Ҷüʵ㲻岻Ϣһȥɡ
Ҷ˶˵Ѿöˣȥʿȫû⡣
ðҶͷ˵ﰵ˿˵ϲƭСӵİɣвôͺ˵ģ
Leoİ칫һλ벻ķÿ͡
ԷǸҶͬӰʦNA˾һƸӰʦ岨
岨ֱӿżɽ˵⣺Ҿù˾ҶС㣬ʮʺNAһ⣬ϣܲ㣬귽֮ǰNA˾ļ۹˾ĻһNA˾̸
⻰Ҫڴģϣ⣬ҶһʮߵСģأû岨ôLeoеܳ
LeoȻһԸ⣬ҶӦκҶβǲ졣
ź̾˿˵粢ǶԱ겻⣬ǡǵ裬ÿ궼Ҫʱݼչ˺ӣԺܱǸ˵ʵûоμ㡣
кˣʲôʱĻ飿岨ʵ
Ҷ½Ԫ׵˳ֵ÷зֻ֪Ҷˣȴû뵽ô齨˼ͥ
ûн飬LeoҡҡͷѶûмĶȻǻѪƯҲʮִϲ
ûȴһӣ
岨һüëԼСײʲôܡ
LeoҶĶӣʶԼ̫ˣǿһɤְѻŻNAĹϣʵҶ磬ǹ˾ģҲҪͷѡѡ
ȻԴţҶ粻УȻҪһģء
岨ȴҡҡͷˣҿеҶ磬ڹڵʱҾһֱϧ˽죬ûлᡣ
˵ϣLeoҲٽֻñǸʼ磺ǸˣʱҶû취
ǽɣ岨óһԼƬݸLeoıע⣬ͻȻҺˣҴ绰
LeoӹƬЦŵ˵ͷ
岨˶˵ҿֻ֤Ҫҵģأһ
岨ŵLeo˷ܵüëҪˣڻ岨Ƭһڣ˵ģһתġ
ˣβԵţҶ벻춼ˡ
 

124Сү

ҶҶڵʿ죬ڼҶһֱ㷲ÿγŶϰԵضĲɡ
ҶزĲԾСüëп˵û׷ӣӱԱѵСһģ˹Ȼóѡ
ҶҶԺ뷨֪ѾĻ϶½Ԫ׾İְ֡
Ȼ֪Ҷʲô˯ãµҶԡᰢˡΪɣ˵ؼҡ
ؼˣͲẦˡ
ҶʵȥˣҶòˣȻҶؼңԼٶʰīסȦҶһ𱼸
»֮˳ͻصС򣬵ߵҸ·ʱͻȻӵ˷ĵ绰
ҶͰֻݸҶʾ
Ҷӹֻᡣ
ᰢ̣ҶҶͨ绰òؽˡ
Ա𣿡Щ
ҶشڵģҲõġ
磬ͻȻǧؼң½ԪѾ㷿ΧҹˣҽմػӦû֪סĸڣ֮ȲҪҸط죡
ͷͻȻ绰ܿ챻Ҷˡ
ǰ̫̫Ϊȥ˶סʱģ˵ǮǾ˵ǶӣǼǵ֣ȷʵײ鵽
Ҷ̧ͷʵְǵ𣿿ΪʲôҪĸĺӣǵĸĸȻҲסһ𣬵ǻÿ¶ʱȥǵġ
ҶƽˤͷؾҶ˵ǰְ֣
ҶεشСԴѣ̫ˡ
Ҷ˵꣬ԼˣҶԴǸ˵Բ費ǹġǸ½Ԫʲôˣǲܱҵġҵˣ;ͻߴߵġ
ţҶµص˵ͷȥĶҶȥĶҶԶһġ
ԣҶͷһ¡
ǵסԶ½ԪʱпܷǣҪϽ뿪Ҷվ·ͼһ·ЩƫƧһһС·ߵ˼ӣȴûһԸͣĳ
һֱ·ߺȥҲǰ취ҶðһգطӸԼĳͣŵĵط뷿ӻһξ룬СЩӦòᱻ֡
һҶҶ·ڵԼˣҶҲܵĻᡣ
·һСеϰҶ죬ϰԼһҶʮ֮ûл鷳绰Ҷ
ҶҴдһݸϰ壬ϰһͷ׵үүΪ飬Ҷ翴ӡ
Се壬Ҷ뿪֮ϰſڸҶ˵Ҷ뿪ķ򣬻شЩĲɡ
һλҪϰ˿ͣʱʱ͸ҶһۣҶܹԣ䲢ûܡ
磡ҶĴͻȻߴһϤĺ
Ѱķ˹ȥͼҶӲԶ·ڣһ߶һ߶˹󻹸ڣûпϴǸıķ̡
ڶ粢û̫⣬СүѾˣǽűСүֱӰҶСүǰʶ»顣
ҶسڿһۣҶСʵְҲڸ𣿡
ҶԾҲѹ԰ģôûһ𰡣
ҶֳԶڿһۣٿҶʱתȦ
½Ԫİְ֣Ҷĵܵܣ˵½ԪײǺˣҪ㿪Ҷأ
ϴǸķҶ̬ȣ֪½Ԫ׶ҶܲãָŰ㲻ŰסһҶ϶Ҳ仵ġ
ҶԽԽҶ½ԪһΣգܵܣ岻ݴǣҶһԵ䣬ͻȻ⡣
𣿡ҶСʵ
Ҷæصͷ
ҪҵĻһͻǵġҶҶֵ˵ͷĶС˵ı뿪ԶԶġ
Ҷšüͷ룬ͻȻָ˵Զһ㡣
ҶƤһʲôɣ
ڵƤҲһ˵СүǸһȥϴּɣ
УҶСһ˵ҾҪǲ׼͵Զһ
ΣֻԵһ
ҶְһָҪȥ·档
ںһ·ľ룬ϸ˿ܣû㰲ȫҶġơ˵·档
Ҷ˵ȥ׼͵
Ȼϣ˫ֵס۾ָ촦͵͵ҶİΣ
ȻأҶһ˫۾յҶǰʡ
ҶڵķһۣȻ֪͵·мïʢĹľԣҶľԺ󣬰СеóľȻָָճ˵ص棬Ҵȥ衣
ҶЩԥǣְҲһᵣĵġ
Ҷ˵ְֲҲҪҵʱ򣬲ͼˣͲᵣˡ
ҶԴЩã޷ҶеϵҶ϶ƭһȣɽ
ͷҶҲ׼˵ֻҰ򿪣ſԴҶһӵһ߳Ҷ
ҶЩص˵ͷ
ҶƽʱһҶͷο˵£Ҿ㡣
ڷִӹľԺֻ߳һСкʱȻȥʱ򣬷ǵСүĹȻˡ
ѯǸСүһСккָ·˵͵ԼܵǸ·ȥˣҸղһֱš
ڵʱ﷢СүҪǶˣ½ܻ˵Ƥˣ˳Скָķ򣬼˹ȥ
ǣ·ΧûСүӰͷǸСϸʵʱ򣬾ͼһǰɳ۶
 

125Ҷ磿

ҶհҶŪϳͷǰͷӭڣϵҶİȫҶӴ٣ѳ÷ɿ죬䣬˵һײһ
Ҷò˲æضҶ纰裬һ㣡
ҶΪǳ̫죬СЩܲסͨӾһۣڲû׷Żٶȡ
ųһȦȻѳͣһ԰һųС·˳ǣֱLeoļ
ǰLeo˵绰LeoǴԼסһ
Leoǰ·ҶͣҪСԼװߵӣˡ
ҶɻüҶûжôĹ
LeoҶָʾСذװߵƽڵذϣȻתͷҶ˵Ҳ֪㵽Ҫ˭ܰȫһʱסɡ
лл㣬Leo
ҶЩ˼ʱLeoûֹÿѵʱ򣬶
LeoοҶļ˵Ǳ赥ģ֪ĲףLeoһת˵һ֮һҪʼˣҪȻû취Թ˾ˡ
Ҷͷ֤û⡣
ޣˣLeoִƤóһƬݸҶ磬λ˵ĹˣʮϣлNAĹˣλᣬϣܹա
ҶӹƬһ֣岨
˵λĹˣֶ½鱦ʱʾһƬϧ½Ԫ׸ܾˡ
ʱ½Ԫ׻ԤԼĻɴգٴοϧǣȴ½Ԫ˻Ϣ
Ҷ缰ʱֹס䣬Լȥĵ£ֿһƬϵϵʽȻLeo֤ηˣһϵġ
۴ĸ濼˶ûвԼ˺ģҶLeo࣬ҲǹȻǰҪ˦½Ԫס
LeoõԼҪĴ𰸣ĵظԿ׾뿪ˣǰ˳ҶСҶķϣסûж㿪ֻ֡
Leo뿪֮Ҷؿ˿ҾʲôһӦȫ
ʰһɣҶһ˵һ߾Ҫſڵϻط䡣
ҪҶȴҡͷԼСǰ
ӱƤ´Ҷʱú£裬ȴͻȻЩˣ֪ԼǲǲСĸ˸鷳
һ·ҶķҶüʵǲʲô裿
ҶִվСǰûҡͷҲûͷ
ﵽװʲôҶʵ
ҶȻϿ
㻰ҶҶıͻȻǳ谮ӣӲ簮
Ҷ֪ˣƽԼֻʱŻֱ֡
۾ԥһȻСӣһˮˮСкɪ
ţ
Ҷ羪һæǰҶƽɳϡ
Сûﲻ̡߰Ҷ⿪ڵĿӣؿڡ
ֺȣռСҶ֫Ҫסˣĺһ˴ںʱʮֺ£뵽Ҷ֮ǰĶֻᣬסûзκ
Ҷ籧˳Ҷίؿ˳߿ޱ߳ҭ˵Сĸ첲ȶСˮ
ҶȺ͸첲ܶǳʱ䱣һƣ֫ľˣǾĦ
һԵҶû뵽Ҷôܣξܵˮԣ˰뱭ˮСĵصݵҶ˵Բ𣬸ˮ
ҶڿţҶˮǺȱֱҶֹס˿ι뱭ˮȡ
Ҷתȥϴּ䣬óһʪëݸҶ˵СΪСûʲëëֱµˮ
Ҷβ飬ҶĻͳͳ˻ȥûżëҶͷ˻ҶͶСΣյġ
Ҷ֪Լ£ۿתһգ۵
Բ𡣡ͷҶ绳˵
ȰСһҶȥϴ裬ϴ֮˲ɳϣҶź֪ط֡Լǰ½Ԫ׵ĶӸմˣ
˿̵½ԪףΪҶʧΪתͷֵõϢ˵ҶڷӸ֣ȴͻȻֵͷˡ
Ҷ٣ԼżȥҶ
ҶһõĶλ˿ǸŶλƶķһ·˳ǡ
գλͣĳСһ¥ǰ
ΪԶλľ׼Χֻܴȷ¥㣬˼ˣαװ֮󣬽¥Ų飬ȷ˱0603ķ
ΪȷҶΪ˰ܣǵĹ½Ԫײ¥£ȥ0603ҵ
һ½Ԫ׵յҵйϣ˵0603ҵFıˣLeoBernardҶġˣ
½ԪɻмĹϵͻȻӵĵ绰˵ҶȥľˣȻס˵һ
½Ԫ׿ĵַⲻǰⶰ¥0603
ԣҶմĶӣ
 

126

ŵ˫۾ȵҶҶЩΪˡ
ѾˣʱͶٰͻȥҲܣңҶ϶Ҷĵܵܣ˵Ҷ½ԪǸһ̫ˣҪҶһߡ
ѵҪ½ԪˣһҲӶࡣ
ôһ½Ԫ׷׷øˣһٱ˵Լܣǿ˵ˡ
һҪ취ҶߣҶͿʼޣҶվһ۾ԼҶȥְ֣Ҫ˷ӡ
ҶɴһᣬҶ
ҶҶöˣƤùСһﲢڴϵӣҶ羹ȻãһҲͦõġ
ʱһֱ¥µ½ԪҲһ
ҶŲϼ⣬ϾҶǰ˵Ƕξ̫ˡҶҶ㣬ȴô벻ס
ܲǣҶвɣ
½Ԫ˶¥¥һӣվڴߣԶҶסӵĿ˿ദûǢңҶڿӵʱҶ绳գ˵Ҷ粢û˺
Ȼ²ҶôĿģǰദһ¸飬ƺҲ
ǣ½ԪͻȻżȥҶˣķÿ飬վ̨濴
ɶҶ粢֪Լһһ¶½Ԫ׵СÿŶܽʱע⾯׷ϢȷͷûԼ֡
С֮Ҷ緢Χûκ쳣ͨ˵绰ȷ½ԪѾ뿪ķ֮ԾѾ˦½Ԫף½Ԫƺ֪ҶԼߵ¡
Ѿ죬ҶСѳȥ档
Ҷûд·Ҷ߲࣬Ҷ͸Ҷ·ҶСī
˴ͬɫϵ·ڴϣͬīէһװټҶ羫µ׺ͻģԼȱĿɰģһ·˲Ŀ⡣
½Ԫ׿ųԶԶظ˺棬Щο
⼸Ҷ߳ľ⣬ûгֹˣпܻǵȻһĺӡ
Ŀ׷ǰͷһһС½ԪŨŨᡣ
ûмȥǰѳͣ·ߣһ绰
½Ԫ׹Ҷϵ绰ãҶͻȻԼõ
Ǵߣ乫԰ʲôģ·̳ʱͻȻԱס̳ۿȯ˵̳·˷ۿȯƾȯ̳ڵĶȫһۡ
ùŮ˵ԣԴ˶֮Ҷ·ôõĻᣬû̳ɹһ
ǣҶҶҶĵ̳ÿ˴ͷŶһ
̳ģҶûͷ̫áȻǴ̳뿪û߳Զֱһ¿ҵĲȥԳԣжӶͯײͿѡ
ʱѾ磬ڷԱ£ȥһҸ߼ѱһ١
ҲĲƷܾ£ζҲܿɿڣһСģ˶Ŷӳŵġ
ڶԳˣ˾ƵʳߵСſڵʱ˵ɷߵˡ
׶԰Сĺÿ˶ſһߡ
ҶԶԶؾͱһ綯糵һȺм䣬һ糵Ҷһױνա
ĸض飬鶼áֻߵס¥ʱҶķ糵ȴһͻȻĺײ˵ϡ
糵ڵϹ˹ˤһҶ
ײ˵Сӣ͵ҶһѣʵΪʲôҪҵ·
ҶƵһҪҶһѣָҪһƨˤڵˡ
ײˣŪҵܵܵķ糵ҪҵܵܵǸҶҶǰ˵
ǵҵ·ҲˤҲŲҪСǸСԼͱȽϴҶ
Ҷ缱æǰСѣǰţðʧײģײŪҶӵķ糵㣬õǸġ
СȴѲһм̧ͷҶһۣ˵ƫǸô㻹ԼǴҪһ𣿡
Ǿ仰С˵ʮ˳仰˹ˡ
ϧȴҶ硣
Ҷҿ˿ûмСӵļҳͻȻЦЦץסСӵĸ첲˵㻹˵ˣ㲻ҶӵǸĻһҪԼһˡ
ñҪҿܻ죬øݡҶ֮ǰǰԤ롣
ԴܺûĽҲԼĺӳԿ
СʹȴûܴҶѳ
ô㵽ҪҪǸҶʵԼϵı鿴׶һЩ
ʱСＸûʲôˣڵĵطֻһ˺ӣ˲û˷ֽⳡš
СӹһƣԼռƣС죬ǺҶС˵˾䣺Բ𡣡
ҶȻûɿ̫Сˡ
С̧ͷҶһۣηвͷҶġٴγҶ˵˾Բɱϴˡ
ҶǸҶķ糵̫Ը˵ûϵ
̵ְֽҪòԭԭ±˶Ҫ˵ûϵʵڲԭ£ͷˡСﻹͦģξԭɡ
ҶЦСӵļȻɿ˵Ź߰ɡ
һõСӾһˡҶӼƵ¥ؼҡ
Զ½ԪףҶ硰۸Сѣ̲סЦ
ԼܳպƵЦݣ̲סٴ˵γʱѾԤгˣڻѹ˺ܶڵع
֪ˡ½ԪӦһĿȴȻǰͷҶϡ
̲ס̾˿عг̻Ҫһˡ
 

127ƫ̻

ڶһ磬ҶҶ׼ʱԼ·Ȼȥϴּϴ
˶Сӣվϴ̨࣬ҶѾѧϴˣҶԶܲ䶼ŪʪˡҶ̾˿ڣӺøһָСԼϴʱ䶼ʪյˡ
ҶҡҡͷҶ»··ʱҶͻȻٵҶһ£Ц˵лл衣
ҶΣҪԼ̣ҶȻǹִغ裬ԼȻҲϰˡ
ͷҶĶͷҲһ£ȻЦ˵ȥԷȥɡ
СһͷһƵ˳ȥ
һӣԲֻҶ翴Ϊ˻飬ҲҶ֡
ĵس緹ҶСβ¥ȥвɹ
û뵽ǣСӾȻ¥¶
µݣСָָҶ磬裬ң
СڵģҶʶӻ
˵СѣǲԵģ۸ҶӣֻҪ˸Ǹûִ㡣
㻹Ʊ磬㿴ĸ첲СӵһקСӣֵһߣֻ۵ĸ첲һԵĺۡ
˾֤Ҵ𣿡Ҷ練ʵ
Сǲѵģ˵ľģСֱ׳ֺ˵
ֲ˳˵ܺӵĸĸҲԷһѰµ̬ȣҶһʱ˺ӣͷ˺磬ֱ˵ʵ㵽ô
СӵؿһۣǸ⳥
Ҷ粻ü⻨ǮɵǸӵ棬ܾôǷǣ˻
Ҫ粵ʱͻȻҴһʵԶڳܣʲô𣿡
Ҷ糯ķһۡǹԶģôԶ˵ʲô
СӺ򱣰ˣҶ۸СӻܲϵĶУҶҶͻȻ̽ͷ˵ûдײҵķ糵
ԣҿ֤СӣҲѵġҶҲҶ˳
࿴һۣȻСӵ˵ŮʿŸղӵĻϵ˺ʵĻԸһȥ¼񡣡˵ָŲԶСﰲװͷ
Ҳ̫ƫ̻ˡ
ǻȥ¼ɡ
СտڱԹͱϣһһҰ˼סҵķߡ
ҶʵǸҲøһȥ𣿡
ͷѺõЦЦŮʿȥæԼɡ
ҶͻȻҲãʵ̫ƫ̻ˣ
ѵԼʱײˣҶɻػ䳬жеĲɡ
ͬĲɵĻҶСԴ֪ʲô飬Ҷͣûз֣һͷײȥ
Ҷ缱æַסôģͶСôˣ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷֻֽһ𣬺һ̧ͷ˵ְˡղڳһװˣְֵӰ񣬿ǲְ֡
ҶС½Ԫߣ½Ԫ׳ʱҲߣ뿪½Ԫôãʮ
½ԪǸҺ㲻𣿡Ҷǰ˵
ְֲǻҶȻתͷҶ磬գһ˫۾ίʵ裬ǲְܸסһ𣿡
Ҷ㶣Ժ˲両ֳ½Ԫ׺ͽĹֻÿЦٴν˵СҲ裬ǽ壬ȻҺе񣬵Сôãһֱܷͬİɡ
Ҷȴҡͷ裬ȻһֱҺͰְߣÿְֶҿƬģҲϴġСһʮƶ
Ҷ羪ǣȻ˵һֱ½ԪߣѲǽ½Ԫ֮䷢ʲô
ɲ۷ʲôԼֻҶһǲʵҶ϶Լĺӡ
ҶΪҶ粻ִˣ̲סۿֺ
衣ҶקקҶ½ǣʾϽܵܡ
ҶЩ϶ҶԼĵܵܣҶ˵Ǹ϶ǱǸƭˣܵ޹ģ費ΪͲҶġ
ദôãҶһֱҶԼģڼˣȻʮۡ
ҶģԼȻҪһĺӽ׵ĵ
ֻøĿ˵ְֺˣڲסһˣְֵĻ͹ȥòã
ҶſҶļһ󣬲ź۾˵СѾְֺܾˣҲҪôòŹƽ
áҶͷһڡ
Ҷ֣Ҷźӻص˼򷢺ȥƬֻ绰
ļϾҪˣӻҪæտ
ֻĻ㲦ŵʱǡÿ˰ȸշĶšֻж̶̵֣ܽ顣
¥½ԪףͻȻҶ첻ôãۿҲģտ޹һ
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½ܲЩʹ죬ǣû죬СӼΪƲСķӣᵽԶĵط
 

128ΥԼ

Ҷ翴ȵĶʱһǰȻ˵Լ˾Դĸ鲻˳ôһת۾Ҫˣ
Ȼֻȼ֣Ҷֱȴ˿鲻ãƺⳡΡ
Ǹز˹ȥһ绰űͨ
磿ȵήҡ
ôˣ岻𣿡Ҷ絣ĵʵ
أҪˡһ仰˵ʮ⣬·һϡƽС¡
Ҷ٩˾ԴزˣҪˣ
˾ԴͻȻڵ绰ͷڽЦһ㲻ΪҪ˾Դɣ
ѵ𣿡Ҷɻʵ
˵ˣҽˣң˾ҲܿҪͱ˽ˡ
ǡ⵽ô£Ҷʡ
ûʲô£Ǹ鲻ͷˣȻ˺õĹޡ
˵ƵҶ粢λǸùޡ
˾ԴͰȾ꣬ôĸ飬ôʱģңȻȵ״̬Ҳܸ֪ⳡģҲûڴ
Ҷȴ֪οȰ
ͷȶ˶˵ҲеæðʱĻͱˣҡ
һȥģӦġҶ˵
ΪӦҪμĻ񣬸Ϊ֮以顣
Цһ˵Ǻãҵ㣬ʲôµȻ˵
á
绰㶵طһ˾Դ绰ѯ뵽ԼһˣҲû˵ʲô
԰ڵ״̬ܲģ뾡ع½ԪFѰʱعҲԱܱܷͷ½Ԫ׸ȵĽֻ࣬ҪСЩ½Ԫ׹Ҳ벻ٻع
һ뵽ع飬ҶַˡļѾˣLeoһѾź˹Ҫ٣ƹ˾Ҳġ
УعĻҶǿԸһȥ˳ȥĹؼְ裬ҶûҶĻգҶû취һߵġ
Ҷվſڣſֵĺӣ֪ôǽ͡
أԷյʱLeoͻȻˡ
Ҷԥţôûٵ˵˵ʱLeoȴһ˵Ĺƻб䣬˾㰲ع
ʲôҶ缸ΪԼˡ
Leo˵˾CǩһЭ飬ΪCˣԾͰǲعˡ
ҶԼӦȥŲƱһ̻ôٻعһ̾˾֪ͨ˵˾ǲعˡ
ޣУҸղ·ϼһգͷCģҿLeo˵ߵݸһա
ҶӹһⲻҶĻ𣿣
ҶϻգһѾˣҿ϶Ӷġ¡϶ڱŵġ
ⱾĶģҶLeoʵ
Сſڣ߹ȥʱڵšLeoɫѡ
Ҷ룬ʣǹ˾Cĺ֪ļҹ˾
½ϼţ˵CʵϣFҲкܶ½ϵĲҵεĺǸĿ½ϼƻһֺˣĺûᣬ½кܺõԴټϡ
LeoεĻعչһͨ׷޲ھͰҶͻع
ҶȴһгţԺصֻС½ϼšĸ֡
ĵ鷢ˣһ鶼½Ԫ׵İţ½Ԫ׶ָƣг̡
Ҫ˾ԼҶͻȻ˵
ʲôֵLeoԼˣΪʲôҪԼ㲻ع
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ҿԻعҲ½ϼųϹϵǡһôʣ˵Ҹ½ϼ˽Թ
LeoûмȰֻԵ˵ĺԼһ룬ԼҪΥԼġ
ᵽΥԼҶ˲侲˵͹˾ǩĺֱͬԼڼԼĻΥԼڵҶ˵ֱۣⲻ
Ҳ֪ǵʲô˽Թǡ㻹ٿһ°ɣٸҴ𸴡Leo˵ֲҲûǮġ
Ҷε˿ɡ
Leoͬؿһۣ˵һҪҴ˰ɣˡ
Ҷص˵ͷ
ǰLeoߵҶǰգΣΪ費ˣҶݵŤͷ㿪ˡLeoЦЦתְһӵգҶӦLeoסҸ¡
СĹĵգLeo뿪ˡ
߳СʱLeoͻȻҶǸСĳЩ죬ĶƵġ
 

129»ع

Ҷ²׼½ԪôĿʲô
֪ҶĶӣҶ֪ٵ£Ϊʲô֣ΪʲôҶ
½Ԫײ֪ҶݣΪʲô׷ᣬ棿
Ŵͷɫĵƹ⣬ϲ˯һӣĵװתǧء
ֱɫ˾Ҫӻع
ѾѲ½Ԫ׵׷ˣԱˮڣ½Ԫ׵Ҫʲô
ҶѾûʲôʧȥˣֻҪܺҶһʲô¡
֮ҶLeo˵绰˵Լͬعչ
ȻҶع֮ľ˾ͲԼˣLeoǺܿģ˹˾߲ŵġȰҶع⣬ҲΪҶˡȻԸԴΪʲôҪίԼʮСˣ
Leo绰תͷҶ綨ͷȲջƱɡ
ǣھʮСʱķкҶٴλص˳ǡ
һС˷ɻ֮ר˰͵ĵһ乫Ԣ½ԪһĹԢǹ˾ᡣ
ȻѲˣҶҲûٽ飬˹˾һаš
ʮСʱг̣˵Щ̫ˣҶӼֺϴˮ裬Ȼ˯Ϣˡ
ԢĲüǰһģһͷװ޳˶ͯ
FʱҶҶһ˯ˣ͵زԸҶֿҶֻ˯ͬһ䷿
˯ţҶһڿɳϣǰӷ㶡
̫½Ԫ׵Ļˣÿȥ䣬̤һ˲ЩۺͿɬͬոշһʡ
Ҷεط֣꣬ûĥ½Ԫ׵Ļ䡭
Ҷ綼ûгţʰ궫֮󣬾ڼϰ½Ԫ׵ָʾ
½ԪֻһЩҶߣûн飬ǰɱķˡ
̵̻ز²½Ԫ׵ͼûʲô洦ҶʲôҲ룬½ԪûиŹҲֵС
ڶ죬ֱӴȥ˰ȡ
֮ǰֻƵҶ⻹ǵһˣ̲סЩ˷ܣ˱ڻ˺üڡҶȻû㣬ŵСüͷʾѾЩͷˡ
Ҷ翴úЦӰȻȳһԵҶȴ˹ȥ˵̺ãҽҶ磬Ҳµġ
ע⵽ҶԱߵһӣҶͣɻؿҶ磬ʵǣܲҶ統Ƕ˫̥ɣģҶҲ񰡡
Ҷ̾˿˵½Ԫ׵ĺӡ
½ԪףкԱȥһϾЩʺС
ԶˣȲüʵôָ㵽һˣ֪ҶǡĶ𣿡仰ȵѹúܵ͡
Ӧû֪Ҷ򵥽F˶٣̾Ϣ˵½Ԫ׻ûг棬Ҳ²ʲô
ޣˡҶͻȻʵ֪½ԪôҶҴϳˣһֱ˵
⼸꣬Ҷ粻ʣҲû˵й½Ԫ׵¡
Цһ˵ж񱨣岻С¶Լĺβͣ½Ԫ׷ԼˣȻȱϯ˽ȡ˵ĻԼѽϳ˳ǡ
Ҷ΢΢۾ﲻЩ꣬û뵽½Ԫûͽ顣ʵҶأҶ˭
ҡҡͷ˵ҾͲ֪ˣ˻ûã½Ԫ߾ͻȻһӣӻʮ۰ͷ˵½Ԫ׵˽ӡ
˽ôȻܽͣҶΪʲôԼϳ衣
Щ֦ĩҲҪˣֻҪ½ԪϲҶݣҶľˡ
˵ôãҶҰȵĿģסȷϵ֣ʵ˵ˣ˵˵㣬ΪʲôҪôͻȻ飿𣿡
֪ǶϷǰҶˡȵЦţɫȴЩįԲĿġ
ɰһٻرܣ̸Լĸ飬Ҷ̾˿վҲûǿٽ˵ȥ
һܵʱ伸ת˲Ⱦ뷴ڣҲûжʱˡ˾Դûпˡ
벻ģĻϣ˾Ȼһ顣
 

130

Ҷ𴲣չӳ緹֮󣬾Ͱ͵˹Ԣж
ҪȥμӰȵĻ񣬲ͬȥ
ɵ꺢ӣֳϵʱȴͻȻһŻ򿪣ӳ˺ȻҶٳδ¶ϰ塪½Ԫס
ǰ½Ԫ׵òûʲô仯Ȼʷ棬ϵƵǱǰࡣ
Ҷ˼ӣֱ½Ԫ׿˵˾䡰þòȻӦҵջĿ⣬Ҫƿǰߡ
½Ԫȴסĸ첲˵ϳɣȥ
Ҷܾл½ܺ⣬ǲ鷳ˣԼ򳵹ȥ
ϳҪ̸½Ԫ״򿪸ʻĳţɫ֣
Ҷ۾΢΢Ժӿĵһ뷨ǣ½ԪǲҪ̸Ҷ£ǲѾ鵽ʲô˿ˣ
ǿ̽ʵ㶼֪ˣ
½Ԫ׵ͷԣҶ֪ˡ
شҶԺ˵һ죬תҲŻ˻Ρ
½Ԫ׼ʱǰһѣʵôˣ
ҶȴȻһѰƿˣ˻ǲѺøģ
½Ԫױ㶣Щü˵ҪϲҶĻһֱסҲûϵû뵽µʱҶҶѾôĸˡ
ҶҶô
ԭڱԵҶ磬һԼǡᡰӡ½Ԫ뵽Ҷ֪Ҷݣ
Ǿ䡰Ҷ֪ˡָʲôҪ̸飬ʲô飿
ӵس½Ԫ׿ȥʵղ˵Ҫ̸ʲô
ȻҪǸЩҶ֪ˣ㡭
С½Ԫ˵ǸĴָʱﲻЩŤΣ黹ֱֿҶ۾˵Բ硣
ҶСС˿ԭ˵ǽ顣
ղž߶ȽţڷŷԼһ亹Ķǳʪġ
Ҷ˵ҽĵǸԭˡԣڿ𣿡
ֻΪ˵ǸĻܣֻҪ½ԪҶԶԶġ
½Ԫķܣü΢΢̾˿֪ﻹԹңϣܸһֲĻᡣ
ҪֲԾͲԸһԵذӹͻ˹
ҶЦȴɫҡͷ˵ҲҪʲô֮ûϵˣİ˾ͺá
ôûйϵ½ԪͻȻһ΢΢ͷҶѵҲǻڱ𣿡
ǰ˵ǳʶҶ̲סԳ½ܲƴ֣ŲǵСǮôܰأ
½ԪüˣұĿеʱתƾ֤ġ
ͰǱǮתңҶЩͷ˵
½Ԫ׵̫ʱˣٲ߾ҪϲϰȵĻˡ
½ԪȴȻǰ޳ܵ˵ҪǮûУǿ
½ϼŵܲãʮûУǿҪЦ˵Ĵˣ
Ҷ翴һʱ䣬ڸǸҲˣ㻹ҪʲôʱˣһҪȥμӰȵĻ񣡡
˵ˣȥļġ˵꣬½Ԫ׶Ŵ򿪵ĸʻһĶ
½ԪⲻĵļƣϳĻ֪Ҫ϶ãҶֻס˸ʻ
½ԪЦϼʻȻҶϵ˰ȫ
ϵȫʱúܽ䣬½Ԫ׼ҪҶ޽ǵͷ
ϤϢڱǼ⣬Ҷ糤Ľë˲ĵͻȻӿһί½Ԫף㵽ҪʲôȻѾ֪˵࣬ΪʲôϷŹң
ļ׷ӿͷҶһɬ
벻Ҳţ½ԪĲ׷
½ԪײҶĹûн飬ҲûѣȻ׷
Ҷûв鵽¼ǸҶͱģе⣬ɿҶϣҲԸǿ
֪Ҷ粢ûԭûϵԵȡֻΣȴҲҶ뿪Լˡ
ļ尾ͬڳعʱԽ˼Ҷ뿪֮Ů˾Ҳ᲻ˡ
ⲻͣ͵ƳҶ磬ֱЩ㱣ҶĻˣͻԱߡ
һ·ϣ˶سĬţ˭û˵
ȵĻڽþеģ˲õʱʱ˲Сĺ䶯
Ҷعˣ½ԪһμӰȵĻ
ԴӸ˻֮½Ԫ׾ͿʼŮɫԺõúܣȦ˶˵½Ǳ͸ġǣ֮½ԪͻȻһȿɰĶӣԴˣֶȥˡ
ӵҲ²˺ü汾ڿվ½ԪߵҶ磬ͻȻ򡪡Ҷ˻ʱ򣬲½Ԫ׵ĺ⺢ӦþҶ½Ԫ׵İɣ
Ҷ֮Χ˽ûͣʱʱػ͵͵Ŀ⿴벻עⶼС
ߵ½ԪһۣȻ̸֪ʲôҿ϶ߵйأ˭˵Ů
һʱ䣬Ҷ˽Ľ㣬ֱź̨̺ǰʱ˲ŰĿŲϡ
Ҷ֮ǰûмɣҲֻ򵥵Ľ˵ɽлƾ꣬˳ҲŵϺŵңģ֪ʶһҲû˵
̨ϵĻƾ꿴ŵǱã˹ţԸһһض԰Ⱥá
űʥվǰʥׯصʵŮʿԸ޸ƾҳƶ߲м𣿡
΢΢̧ͷǰҵҮͼһۣ˵ҡ
Ը⣡õͻȻ˴򿪣һ߽ˣش񸸵⡣
Ҷ羪ȵŤͷ˾ԴһһߵȸǰȻŤͷһȭһԵϡ
˺ܿ˴˾Դȭͷî˾ƾкϾǹƥܿͱƼҵļΧ
ֳһƬңɱſڵϣһվⳡȻǰ첻ȥˡȸǰͱְסֱӴ˼ңæкûüҶ
˾ԴȻֻⳡ񣬿ԼҲûֵʲôôƼΧҲᡣ
ҶԶԶؿЩ̣Ťͷ½Ԫһۣ˵ôҲֵܣ㲻ȥ𣿡½ԪȥȰܣƼ˿϶½ӵġ
½ԪײûǰȥĴ㣬ų̈ϣһ̾ϢſڣҰﲻֻ֪ܵ࣬ԼҪʲô
 

131һĿ

Ƽ˵Ĳ˾Դôţͣ֡½Ԫ׽˰˾Դͻ˾ңԼҶġ
һ·޻ֱ쵽ĹԢʱ½Ԫײſ˵ҺþûмСˣܸһԶٷ𣿡
ع֮ҶᾭԵطҶְ֪ˡԣȻ˼棬Ҳˡ½ԪСΪʲôҪһԷ
Ҷüܾ½ܴҶȥɣҶһԡ
½ԪЦŵ˵ͷ̲Ҫ׷Ҷ磬ȴҲܱƵ̫𣬰ûȷʵҶˡ
ǣתȥ˸жȥҶҶ
Ҷ½Ԫףʱһ˽½Ԫ׻ίؽְ֡
ְ֣С㣬㶼Ҹ裬и硣Ҷ½Ԫ׻
½ԪЦһ£ǰְִˣԺְֻᾭǵģְһȥԷòã
ãҪȥʱҶ§ס½Ԫ׵ĲӲ֡
ʱһҶͯСǵĻӭҶҲϲʳ
á½Ԫ׳ӦЩ⼸Ҷ˷ܵ˵ͣ
½Ԫ״˿̵עȫҶϣûעһһӣĵع۲
Ҷ½Ԫ׻ṻˣ½Ԫ˵ȸټ극ְ
Ҷһ͵תҶ磬ʵ費һȥ𣿡
Ҷ֧һ£ش˵ǸȥĵطԷаְ㣬Ÿ硣
һʮֶµҶȻӿ˵Ҳȥʱ˵꣬Ҷ͵͵½Ԫһۡ
Ȼ˵½ԪǸϾҲԼİְ֣ҶȻ׽ǿҶڻʱҶʵССĽģһʱ嶯ѿڶ˵Ҳȥʱ
ǾͿһˡҶĵػ
ҶԴһ룬벻ٴξܾɡ
½ԪؿҶ⺢һ仰ȴǸҶӴĻᣬͻȻã˼ҵĺӣŻͦϲ
ЦſҶǴھһȥɣ
գҶ绹ǴҶȥʱûи½ԪҶһ𣬶ĸ˷ӣңò
ְ֡ҶԶҶЩġ
½Ԫ׳ſڿһۣЦŰο˵ٵȵȣְֱ֤Ҫ˶ãǾͿԸһˡ
ͷʱ½ԪͻȻֲԶҶڿԼԼֿ֮ٵصͷ½ԪüӺһֱڴԼ
Ҳܻ𱬣һǰˣϢмԴźŶӵĸĸ
һͷ׵ķ򸾣ԼСʱ½ԪкԱǽйóԼλ
ָҶĿ˵ǶҵѣҸƴһǾɡ
ȻڷԱİæ£½Ԫ׺ҶҡڵҶҶĶ档
ҶҲע⵽ǱߵĶٲԸ⣬ѾϷ򸾣ͬƴĻҲ˵ˡ
ҶĵɵЦһĿһϳԷˣ
½Ԫ׸ҶӼ˲ˣ˵ҲĲƷܺСθڣ˳Ҳˬڣʱò͵˾ͶЩ
Ҷ翴۱еĲˣûд
½ԪּһСŹǸҶСϲҲ
Ҷò䵭صллл塣
½ԪֳûʵС磬ˣ
Ҷɻ̧ͷҶѵ˫̥˫̥Ƕһ
Ҷںˮ½Ԫ׵⣬ҪˮǺ½Ԫ״ƶϳʲôæҶش˵룬ΪĺãͷŸҶࡣ
ҶԼСףüëĸˣǸչ
½Ԫ׵ͷûټʲô
ҶССһԭҲǸ磡
ҶչôõҶЩǸ磬Ӧչ˱ܵܵġ
ǽٷʼƴظҶвˡֱҶС붼Ҫˣͣ¿ӣȻߴҶ˵ܵܿԡ
Ҷ̲ס˸ۡ
ʱзԱ˹ﻹĸ¹ͷκë޹С
Ա˵Ϊ˸лλСѸǵΪ׼ΪƬ
Ҷܾգ½Ԫ׾ԽӰһ¹ͷδͷϡ
ȵȣǴ¹ġ
½Ԫױ˵߸СҲ¹ǣȻҶ绹ûӦʱֳһӣˣͷһƬ
Чʺܿ죬һԱװѺõƬ½Ԫ׽ӹһţһŵݸҶ硣
Ҷ翴ƬϵԼٴĵʵ½ԪףΪҶĻνӽΪʲôĽΪ˲𣿡
 

132׶԰

Թ緹ҶҶһﱧһֻлص˹ԢҶظ½Ԫ׸½Ԫױ˼䡣
ʱ½Ԫ쳣ᣬܷϣȷʵǸðְ֣Ҷܺá
ҶվһԿ룬֪ҶӵĻӦҲôضԴҶɡ
óҶĽҶаְֳ谮ġ
οҶСԴȻ߹Ҷ˵ְֶܺõģҵĻԸְһȥġ
ҶȴԥҡҡͷУҪһסҪչ˵ܵܵġ
Ҷһ˵ҲŲܵܡ
ҶĵظѾˣ밡
ҶȴŤͷ

Ӵ˿Ķʮֵܹ˭Ǹ˭ǵۣܵܵûͣϢ
½Ԫ뿪֮ҶԵ̫࣬һȥ˯Ҷȥ鷿ȴ˵绰ǵ绰һֱ˽
Ҷ翿ɳŰȵ飬֪˯˹ȥֱһѡ
˸ȥţȴſڵһŵˡ
ǣҶ翴ǰŮʵ
վǰͷһλ˵½ıķмǸ˾ͷС½ıڡ
Ҷü˽ݣϸ
ԭ½ԪտӣΪķһ˾ڡ˾ﻹ԰֪ͨ飬˳׶԰ġ
ĵ׹Ԣط󣬼һӶˣҶЩӵˡ
գֻһῪıķ԰֪ͨ飬˶˻ظ½Ԫס
ӵҲȷʵȥ׶԰ˣҶ֮ǰһֱFҲö͹ڵСѽӴһˡ
ڶһ磬Ҷʹȥ׶԰½Ԫһк԰شǲι׶԰׶԰ﻹкܶҶҶСĺӣҶȻ᲻ãҲ֪ʱúѧˡ
԰ҶûٴǻȥӻΪ飬׶԰£Ҳû̫ų⡣
ӣ˿ҶͳˣﶼЩġ
Ҳûį̫ãصĹԢʱſڼһ½Ԫˡ
ãҽľˣԴ꣬Խ㡣
һְҵװ磬ͷԺ󣬿ʮ־
ã㡣Ҷ֣Ȼݣһ˿ɳϡ
½Ԫϰ壬һʣһĺԼһڹϣҪ½Ԫ׵İš
ʵȵʲô
ˡڰ˵˵һĹ
óһļݸ˵ڹĺͬѾת½µ֣ļǩȷһ£֮͸FĹ˾ûйϵˡ
ļԼLeoǩǷݼһģһֳֻɱ˲١Ҷһ飬ͷǩԼ֡
պļ˵˾Ķλ˵ǰģصݳ֮תӰȦ
ּҪظ˽Ĺš
쿪ʼҪͻ岨½һ鱦ƬȻһ֧иֵMVŮǣʱװʹСС
ԴܲгҲŵųжȣҶûɲܡ
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ʱ䣬׶԰Ҳ÷ѧˡ£͸ķһȥ׶԰Сѡ
ڻؼҵĳϣһѧСȴŽȻͬķӦ
ҶԵú˷ܣһ·϶Ҷ磬˵ѧУ﷢飬ʲôϷѧʲô裬ԼĸСС֡
Ҷȴؿ⣬ĬЩˡ
֪ĪĸҶʵô˱㲻ϲ׶԰𣿡
ҶͷԳЩͷСѶҶһ̫ˣôΧң̫ˡ
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޹ǹҶܵһ
ϺС˯źҶڽӵ˰ȵĵ绰
ǱôˣҶ絣ĵʵ
ãƼ˻飬ҽԺչ˾Դ
Ҷʵ˾Դ˻û𣿡ϴڻϣƼӦòôصֲŶԡ
ζЦһش˵ֱģְִġ˶˵İɣûʲô£ص绰Ǹһ㵣ġ
Ҷǰ쵹Ƕ˲ٵԪԷЩڵ绰ﰲο䣬ҪúչԼŹҶ˵绰
 

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ڶ죬ҶҶҶһԹ緹Ȼ·ҶҶȥ׶԰ҶҲҪһȥӰƽ档
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ɲ𣬳ѩҲֿϧġ

Ҷ֪Ϊʲôܾóѩеˡ
ԭΪ˳ѩԴ
 

134׷

Ϣ˵ĳѩҶ粢Ϊ˵ʵıȷʵѩ
Ҳֻǽʵ
ϢĲʲôҪĶҶûнϢңתӰ
СѾѳſڵֿտյ˳СʵĶûҵ𣿡
ҶЦЦ˵ŶͻȻѾѶˡ
ֱӻؼ𣿡Сʵ
Ҷͷ˵ؼҰɡ
ʱ㣬ǡ·ӵµʱ򣬻˽һСʱҶŻصĵĹԢҶҶѾѧһˣҶСѳȻͰǽķܣԼʼ岨Ƭ
žӲϵԼıһֱĦϰҹŶԾ⡣
ڶ˸磬𴲺ĵһ¾ߵǰ˸һı飬ǡñ͵ҶҶһ˵裬ÿᣡ
ΪҶһ鶼ܲ
ȥӰģȻ½Ԫס
εûװõ廨ֻڸʻϷһСտ
Ҷϸʻ𻨶˿Ȼ˵粣ǰ
ǰƽȵؿȥҶʵ½Ч治½ڶеҪÿСԱˣ
½ԪЦҡҡͷлģ½ںܺá֮ÿ㣬Ϊ
ڿļ϶ͷҶһۣҵĽܵʲôֺ㣬ů˴ֻרְ˾ˡ
Ҷ̲ס﷭˸ۣ½ܲƺԱ£ʮԺ
ӣֱʵΪʲôͻȻһعôã
ܲϣԴӻع½ԪȷʵȻЩרᣬȷʵڴΪ롣ôΪҶĻѵĽǲ
ΪҰʾѾˡ½ԪƳ۵粣ǰСտ̾˵׷㡣
ǰǡǺƣɲתͷҶ硣
Ҷ𰸺һ˲Ȼɿƿ۾˵½ܻǱЦˡ
̵½ԪתͷţֳǰȥûΪԼʲôֻǴ˳ڵ֡
һǣԲԡ
ת˲ᣬֱӰǰ˶û˵
˵ӲĵĲ̫˳Ҫ»һ𣿡
Ҷ³֮ǰ½Ԫ׽סʵ
Ҷ粢½Ԫ׻֪Ӱ﷢£ܾ˵ˣ㲻˳Ҹ˵ԭ򣬸ѩûйϵ
½Ԫ׵ͷ˳ĿҶӰ֮ԼҲ뿪ˡ
Ҷ쵽Ӱʱ䣬һЩǻû岨ױһʱ򣬳ѩҲˡ
硣Ҷȳк
硣ѩЦŻӦһֻϵЦݣôѺá
˻ױһǰһߵþǰ
岨˼ţȻͷ˵ܴ󣬴ҵ״̬ܺá
õ˻岨Ŀ϶Ҷ˿ĶȻ
ԣԿһ㣬໻ơ
ı̫ˣ֫Ҳܺá
磬΢һ£Ծֱ̫ˡ
ҶϵŬûа׷ѣټϻ岨ٳָͷЧܺã岨̲ס˼䡣
һԵĳѩȴЩסˣ֪Ҷ֮ǰFҶһҹ֮ɱǳԾ
̬⣬ھͷǰıҲ覴ãڻⲢ岨ֻüûж˵ʲô
Ƭ쳣˳æ綼ûĺõƬһСʱ͸㶨ˡ
˼򵥵Ϣ֮󣬿ʼһ顣
ѩҶ綼ʽϺģأִЩϾ˼ڽÿ˱ֵĶܾʡ岨ƬߵЦûʧ
Ϊģغ״̬˽չ
Ҷͳѩжױʱһ
㣬Ϊ½Ԫ׵Ĺϵ´ΣҾԲҵԴġ
ѩںԼ뿪֮ǰҶ˵һ仰ȻЩԵĿɰ
Ҷ뿪ıӰʼ硣
ѩʸ£Լ˳ѩԴеźĹȴԼġ
СҶʰöһŵʱһ۾Ϳ½Ԫ׵ĳӡ
ʻҵĳ½¶½ԪĲϳȥ
ҶüܾˣСһȥˡ
½Ԫε̾˿ҶĵִԣԤ֮УҪıԼĿ²һͿԵġ
˵˳·ȥҾҪˣʱе㳤СһԶٷ
ãҶġСԵס
 

135û˯

½ԪɺϾԼϰ壬Ҷĳġ
ȥ׶԰ҶҶȥʱǡø׶԰ѧСһǰһӽ˳ҶǰͷһۿҶ½ԪףתͷҶͷ˹
ǰ춼ǱķǣְһӣҶɸ˻ˣ֮ǰСѶаͣĽš
ְ֣衣
裬塣
СȺˡ
½Ԫ׶ӹҶС˵ϣǸܵһ𣬻ȥʱԷô
ðҶһߵͷһεŤͷҶ
Ǿһȥɡ
Ҷ˵꣬ժԼСҲݵ½Ԫǰ
Ҷһ׶ĺȻ½Ԫ׿ǰ̲סüЦŽ˹
ҶСС˿ղŻ½ԪײϽ½Ԫ׽ˣԣӦǲԼİɡ
һԵҶȴ̲סüͷԼҶȥԷˣҪҶӣ
գӵĴٳ£ĸ˻һȥʱͬһŲϡ
ϯ䣬½Ԫ׸Ҷ˵ԼҪ£ҶͻȻò˵Ҫ½Ԫ׺Լһ˯
½Ԫ̧ͷҶ磬պ˵⻹Ҫ裬ͬû취ȥһ˯ġ
裿ҶҲͰ͵ؿ
Ҷ粢ͬ⣬ͷŤ⡣
ͷɫѾˣϵӳҶίС·һ̾Ҫ޳Ƶġ
ҶվûסְͷתԸص˵㡣
½ԪͻȻЦõظһСԼ˲ˡ
Ҷ翴㣬ȴƵسԲȥ
֮ôӿСηȴԵúܿġĸһ˹Ԣ
ҶҶ˻ƬַһͱҶȥԵԡϴˡ
½Ԫڿ￴˻ƾţʱʱЦֵҲɸ
ÿ°ؼңθöá
½Ԫ׸п꣬ϵӣҲȥ˿Աߵԡϴ衣һҶϴ꣬϶Ҫһϴˡ
½Ԫϴһʱ򣬹ȻҶߴ
ְ֣Ҫ㣬Ѿϴˡ
ãȻңְϾͺˡ
½ԪԡӦһſھһյĽŲȻԶˡ
½ԪΧԡųȥʱһۿҶ̺Եһ£һҪԵڵϣȴһǷʵľ
ҶôˤȥҪԴġ
½Ԫ׼ǰհΪղŵĲ̫ΧԡһС
Ҷ½Ԫ͵С۾Ծش󺰵ְûڿ㣡
ԶںˮҶ磬ͻȻˮǺסͣؿ
˾½Ԫ׺ҶˡҶǰҶߣ½Ԫ򲻽ְԡΧ
ҶòֹסԣˮʵΪʲô˯£
û˯£ܲϴ軹·ɡ½Ԫһ޹
Ϊʲô˵
ѹ·֮ǰҲûµġ
Ҷֱ½Ԫ׿϶ǹģҧ˵绰·
½Ԫȴûʵؾܾ̫ˣĹѾˣҲöһ
ҶЦһִԡóһԡӵ½ԪϣȻתš
ΪӲܻӰ죬ȥ½Ԫ˯¡
ȥ˸һҶʮСʱӪҵĳУһʿ˯£룬ȥԱ߻ѡʿڿ㡣
ǰܹʮӣٴλصʱ½Ԫ׻ԡڿ
Ҷ粻ͷذ·Ӹ˵Ͻϡ
½Ԫ״򿪰װһۣ˵·Ҫϴܴģ
Ҷȴָָſڣ뿪ѡһ
ãһ½Ԫױ˵Ѹڿ⿪Լԡ
㣡
Ҷ缱æתƳһ۱ķӵķ䡣
ķʰ֮󣬾Ծţһֱûгڣ
½ԪӦû·Ҷת˵ñķʰһͷҶϾ˯Ƕɡ
½ԪȴЦЦ˵лл·ܺû뵽ôˣ㻹ǵҵĳߴ硣
Ҷ練Ӧһʶ½Ԫָʲôߴ磬ЦŻصֻһСš˵꣬ͷҲصؽԼҡ
ٸ½Ԫһһ룬ҪƲסԼŭˣ
½ԪײûסʰĿͷΪҶְ˯һֲԸֿܷܵǣҶҶ½Ԫף˯ͬһŴϡ
½Ԫ׿ڴͷһΡμǡĹº˯Ҷ۾Ҫ˯ŵʱ
ְ֣סҶ˸Ժ
½ԪЦţͷһ£Ȼĺ󱳣˯ɣְ㡣
Ҷƽ֮½ԪصµʱͻȻƳҶԱߵҶϵ۾黹ڵ¹תš
½Ԫ˼һԽҶĶͷҲһ£˯˯ǺúӴ
 

136̽

ڶһ磬ʹ·½ԪȥҶţ·ǵʱ̲סһ
½ԪײڣҶճ;͸С縺
ƽʱһ䣬ҪȥƬ
ƬʱҶؼ˳ֶ
ֶȻ޶ˣΧΧһȦææҶʱػִк磬
ֶҶĵһνӴãڳֶݵʱҶվ˵ֶƽʱȻЩ֪жġְֽӻؼ֮绰ҶǸ
ֶĵز㵥֮ǰ֮ԶҶе⣬½׿ȻʾãҶҲͽĵǸ
ƬֶҶʵе⣬Цǰʵôˣ
ݰ߽ʱʹôжɣҾھͷ¶ֶЩѹ˵ʵҪΪ㣬Ҫģȹӳ⾰ء
Ѿʮ·ˣȷԽԽˣԤ˵˼˳Ǿ͸ѩˡ
һʱļϢﻯױһС˵Ż
ֶʵ궼ȥĶˣصôã½Ԫ꣬һһүү˵½ϼŵĹû˼ˡ
ҶЦЦش½Ԫйص⣬Ƿ˵أ˵ڻӰȦˣоô
ֶʼ磬ν˵ôƿ£ҳúÿҲᣬʱʧҵ
Ҷ̲סЦû뵽ֶȻôõ̬
Ҷع˽⵽ϢֶݼһֱڸӰӾжһЩɵ𣬻߻ƿ֮ĽɫÿεƷضᱻ˺ڡһ·ԽԽ죬ԽԽкڣϵѭšԼÿʮѵá
ҪһĹֻͱڵ˳Ȧˡ
˼䣬Ϳʼˡ
ͷ䣬ԱǶܾҵмλŮԱС˽⣬һ㶼˳
мÿϢʱ򣬳ֶǶõĽȡҶ翴ڵĳֶǰԼÿȵ£㱼侹Ȼòʵ
ֶֻڹƬ¶ͷ࣬Ƚû뿪ƬһֱڱϵҶչ
Ϣֻʣ˵ʱ򣬳ֶǰжױҶ˵ղ½үүҴ˵绰֪ڸһĹ棬Ҫһȥլ극ء
ڵݣȥ½լ̫ʰɣҶԥžܾ½Ԫ׵ǰδޣջعϸ½Ҵգ˿϶˵лġ
ʲôʵģֶȰүүüûˣúܣһҪȥġ
ҶϵױѾжòˣֶɴסҶĸ첲Ȱȥȥɣүүһֱãһ£͵ǰοο˼ˡ
Ѿ˵ϣҶҲپܾ½үֻԼûʲôֵҪ󣬸οүӵȹҶ
ã߰ɡҶӦ
ֶһϲֽ˵ҵĳȥȻȥɣȳ극ҵȥ
ҶͷСȻȥȻָıķ˵绰ԼԷؼҿܻһ㡣
ͺͳֶһȥ½լ
½үϣǰ˺ܶ࣬ʱʱػҪԼ̬ӡ
լ·ϣҶЩƷŵʱ͵ݸһԵӶˣү˵ˡ
Ӧãүү񲻴ãҶ絣ǵʵ
ʱ⣬½Ԫ׺ͳֶϷ·ʲôۼû£½үϣµĺۼ̣һ˱нľ
½ү̾Ϣҡҡͷ˵ʹˣϲˡ˶˵ֶæһ죬Ҳö˰ɣȳԷ߳Ա˵
ֶЦشǰүүôһ˵һеء
үӻʾӶϲˣֶүӵν˲
׼ĸɽ½үֶָҶʢһ롣
үӰݸҶʱ˵䣬ֶ˵ͷһ⾰ȵůůӡ
ллүүҶӹл
ȺܿɿڣϯķΧҲܺã½ү񳤱һҶڹЩȻᣬҶЩڹȤºүӿġ
˵ţүͻȻһתʵ˵θһĻһӣҵͣ
Ҷв˵һ٣ү˵˺ӵ䣬ѵǶҶ
Ƭ̻ش˵Ҷ룬ҵĶӡ
룿½үʵʱ䣬ʱӵĸˣôûиһع
үӻԵ̽Ҷ紹۾˵ϧ˲磬ںӻûʱңһ˰ѺӴġ
ЩӦúɣֶСп
Ҳ˵ЩҶ飬ȻҶôָ˺Щ΢ʣʱҶѾ½Ԫ׷ˣôѡɡ
һԴźڹ꣬ȷʵ̫ˡ
Ҷ¿ӣνЦЦаɣкţûҲû̫ࡣ
ү̾˵˵ӣҶӦסǶɣԪĺӣʱԪҲҶǡóǰǰѶǸӵĸת޵ҶϣȡȡֶաԪƽʱòУҲ֪ǸСһûи鷳
ү˵ġǸӡȻָǸӡ֪Щүӹ͸ģΪҶһ
ҶȫС½Ҷѵ½ԪΪ˻֮Ǹ
Ҷ㶵˵鷳һÿģô
ǾͺãүӸҶ˲ˣԵ㡣һ׼Щȥʱ򣬼ǵôϡ
 

137

ҶլȥʱͻȻƮѩһڳϣѸڻ
ʱ䣬ܿʥˡ
ҵʱӶѾ˯ˣҶҶ̲סͷһڡ
ãĸȴ½ԪȻۡ
ѩ֮轵Сѳŵʱ򣬶޷˸
ֵҵǣҶ㶼ڣҪôûڻ⴩ȹˡ
ڲؽţƽҹǰһ죬Ҷյ˻岨Ƭ
֮ǰǼƽ棬ÿƬĽǶȶܺã͹鱦Ҳûڸǵ
ͳѩһ飬ȫ߸֮ǰķ񣬲ò˵岨ַȷʵˮ׼ѩҲȷʵǸȫĺģءûҶţѩҲ⼸Ƭֵúܳɫġ
ЩƬ֮󣬻Ԫ췢ȥŻмƪͨ塣
Ҷ翴ֻƬ岨ظţллܿܳΪģء
ܿ죬岨Ķֻ˹ԣһٰһɴա
ҶЦŻظð´ν飬һǰ֪ͨ㡣
Ȼ½Ԫ׵ĸ񣬵ûȫ԰һˣԼĶֿϽҶãῼǽġ
ʱл岨λ֪ӰʦΪԼɴգ֮á
˿̣Զ˳ǵһطһҲڷҶƬ
½Ԫ׿ƬׯƤĵƬһҪЩƬصĳ嶯
ǲҶʲôǣͷ¶ȡñ˵ģҲ֪Ҷ룬ҵ
վھƵشǰͨҶĵ绰
Ҷ翴ֻĻϵʱһ˲ʶ½Ԫ׿ҪҶŽ绰˵ҶѾ˯ˣĻ绰ɡ
ҲҶ
½Ԫ׳ԶԴɳƵҶĶ䡣
ҶͻȻã绰ֻЩûµĻȹˡ
ȵȣ½Ԫ׽ס˵˾䣺
ԣȴ¹⻹Ҫᡣ
Ҷ罩ӲػһȻҴҹҶ˵绰
ֻĪЩ̣ԼղžȻӦ
ƽҹ磬հ࣬Ҷ˼ҪҪŪʥؼװһ£СֵʱͻȻ
½Ԫ׶һһ˸ҵʥ˹
ʥѾװκõģ°ص֦Ϲ˸ָӣߴպһ꺢ŵĸ߶ȡͷ֦һӣӸ߶ӦǸ
Сѷѧؼҵʱ򣬿ʥ̲סһСһӣܵʥҪ
Ҷ̫裬úóס˵ԹſԲ
Сһתͷȥϴ֣ȻؾصڲǰȴȵԷʱٶҲƽʱ˲٣극գ۾
СϲģҶ粻ǣСժƵİһϽΪ˽˳֣ҶСʡ
Ѽòˣ˾ڵ̺Ͽʼ𣬺ӹй׹ɻģͣӦоУǵС쳣˷ܡ
ֻǲ֪ôһĵʥ½ԪƵģ½ԪƵģ
̫˷ˣҶҶϰ˯Ҷ˺ôľŰǺϴ
Ҫҵķɻһ˯
Ҷڴϱ߲֣һҶҲһPSP𾢡
ҶҡҡͷɻģǰʵͬСģкܶǣʺϱڻ
ѷɻģʹҶóŵ˴ͷϣ˯ģǰڴͷϰɡ
Ҷصͷ
ȻҶתҶ˵Ѿ˽һСʱˣϢϢ۾ˡϷʱڿӵʱڵġ
СǿҶ涨ÿ쿴ӵʱ䡣
֪ˡҶɵعPSPҲ˴ͷϡ
Ҷͷһʱ䣬˵Ҷְģ˯ǰأϣܸл
ǿʥ˭Ƶģ½Ԫ׵ģӺܿģӦлġ
ҶҶ˵ͷ
Ҷֻͨ½Ԫ׵ĵ绰Ȼᣬм䡣
ְ֣лл绰һͨҶʹ˾ְ֡
绰ͷһ˲û뵽Ҷʱ绰ܿ죬˵Сϲְ𣿡
ϲҶ˵
ܵأܵϲְֵ𣿡½Ԫʵ
Ҷ½ԪᵽԼȻܽ⡰ܵܡǸƺòصл˵Ҳϲлл塣
½ԪЦһ˵ְֽ컹һְʣϲ𣿡
½Ԫ׻䣬ҶҶ볯˹
½ԪһΧںĶǺʵá
裬ϲְ𣿡Ҷ½Ԫ׵Ļʵ
Ҷεص˵ͷÿ½Ԫ׶Сѣûа취мܡ
˵ϲҶŵ绰ش
ǵȻҶϵ绰֮Сɲ԰ְְϣȻ㡢ܵܺһźշңְˡ
ãְֵš
Ҷϵ绰ҶһµӴվҪҶȥ
Ҷ类ֵû취ֻôΧСգȻԼֻƬ½Ԫס
Ҷ翴ƬԼԸ룬½Ԫ׿Ҷסһ𣬾Ϊ˱֧
 

138½Ԫ׻

ʥں鱦Ѿ˴롣ԱϣԪǰе㹤
Ԫ죬ҶҶ׶԰Ҳ˼٣ҶСѣȥĹؿԼİְ衣
ҶȥģϾĹֵطС˵ܹ鲻áҶһͨҶ֣Ҫһ
ҶӰĻŵڵĹǰȻסǣһĹһ
Ҷۿ˵ְ裬ҴҶˣҵĶӣҺܿϻҡ˵˵
ԱߵҶͻȻǰһ־һ˵⹫ţǷģһչ˺չġ
ҶʾҲžϹ˵⹫ţղǽˣҲĶӣҽҶһúչ͵ܵܵģǺú˯ġ
ӶܻûʲôͯĻȴҶ̲סжᡣ
ְȻˣϻǣů˵Ҫĺӡ
ҶᣬЦŶӱ˻
¶ȺܵͣĹؿտҶºӸðûĹ̫ͣá
鱦ڼ䣬Ҷ繤̫æÿ㺢ӵʱ٣ʱһ춼˵ϼ仰ںò˼ڣ³ӿСɣȻ綼ڼҶҶ档
ֱ㣬
Ѻķչˣĳȥμ˼ߵ칦硣
˼ʵǩԼˣԱ죬ݼҲܿ϶ڰٻϣŮǡȻաŮǡĵ˾Ǹ칦硣
δǴͬ£ʶһЩˣЩ
ȻԴպܻиԱʱ򣬶˽û
һ߿һ˵˵칦磬ʵҲǶ˼ߵİǹ˾ҡǮ˶Ȼǰɱ˵ˡҲ̫ţ˼Ϊ˲Դ˻Ѻá
֪ˡҶͷӦ
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Ѿ˲ˣҶʱ򣬺Щ˶ں뿴λʲôʣ½Ԫôľ
ЦŸļ˺ͬ´кȻҶ羶ֱ˼ǰ
˼ֶ߲ǳζһֵŵ
໥˵ʵһ˼ߣλҶ硣
ʲôһ㲻һģҲҵЦ˼Ц˵
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˼ŰĿŵҶϣ´һ˵½ţСչ˰
½ԪΪҶȡԴ£ʵ˶жţ˼ȻҲ˵ˡ
Щ٩ᡣ
̧󣬿ʱ䣬˵ˣƶˣҵȻ£ϾͰ罻ˡ
˼ЦҶַԼı䴦˵ȥɣһչ˺ġ
˼ߵľˣ˵Ĺϵƺ
Ҷ˼Ķð෴úů˼΢΢ЦЦ˵鷳˼߽ˡ
ҸͲ࣬ǻ໥ƺְɡ
뿪֮˼֣߰Ȼʹʼˡ
Ȧ˴඼˾һ˵Ҷ½Ԫ׵Ĺϵ顣ʶʱ򣬷׷ȰƣҶһ񣬺ȵþЩˡ
ȶ˰ɣ˼߹ĵʵҪҪһȥѾƣ
Ҷͷ
վ̨͸˻Ҷȥϴּ䣬˼߲Ҳһ˹ȥ
˸ϴּĸţſִ˼ϴּ䲹ױˡ
˵𣿡һѹ˵εŮǱľ˼ߣϧ˾һ°ѾǸϣûдίŪ˼ֻһ
ܰɣٻҲкĻһ˻ɵʵ
˵ǸЦһʲôûкĻ˵ͷС˰ɣ½ܵǰδޣ˵ǰδ½ܻôûкĻ
ЩϢ㶼ǴĶ˵ģ
Уһ˵½Ԫ׵ǰ˳˭֪ʱ˵ƬСĵǡҿҪ˶ãʵһҪˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱлͷ
˲ױпһ뿪ϴּ䡣
Ҷ򿪸Ӽ䣬վǰ˼ЩΡ
֪˵ġŮǡʵǵ;˵
˼´ºͣһҶкøСǸĿУȴһԵжԵľߡ
Ų֪ôڡ
˼ߵǴ󷽷ذοϹ˵Щ˾ǰֲϺúĥݼԲһֱ첻ˡҺϲ㣬ɲǵͲˡ
ҶЦҡҡͷԼ˻عĵһѡ
صʱҶֱеΧס˵䣬˲پơ˼߰ȺоȳʱѾƾͷͷԷˡ
һԵɳϢһʶԽԽˣ˼ߺĶҪȥȴûشˡ
һͻȻоһת·ʲô˱˻ǼϢϤĪ˾İ
˯ȥ֮ǰŬϿ˿Լ½Ԫ׵ס
ˣγʱȷʵġ
ҶԺﲻű߼ʵţǸҪƿ½Ԫף˫ȴʹ˶ԷĲӡ
 

139°ڼҴ

½Ԫ׵˵棬ܻرҶ磬⼸ֱӳҶ֮ĹϵϤǰ½Ԫ˻龭ˣҶ½Ԫĵλ˼ƽϡ
½ԪԿҶͻ˼ҡ
ҶҶû˯ɳϷҶ涨ڶ첻ѧʱϿ˯
˼½ԪױҶݣĵϷǰʵôˣ𣿡
½ԪװҶŻشϣǺñӣȻŶСѽ˵ֻǺˣܹܵԣȥ˯
ҶͻȻСƵģǰš
óŨҵľƾζ̼Ҷһ˱ӡ
½Ԫ׺ЦصһĶͷȥܵ˯׼Ϸˡ
ϵҶ粻˺ԼڣҶĵʵ迴ܲû𣿡
½ԪǰҶ⿪ڵſӣ˵İɣϻչġ
תСѸûҪߵ˼ǰһһڻֱӰͽǵҡ
Ҷǵһα½ԪױԲֱͬۺţĿ͵ģЩ֣͵͵
Ҷġ˫˱Ҳú棬Ц
½Ԫװ˷ڴϣʵϴ𣿡
Сһ˵ͷ
Ǿͺú˯ɡ½ԪСһǺñӣҪȥչ裬û˯ǰ£ô£Ӧûܿ˯ŵİɣ
Ҷüû½Ԫףת۾ּۻۣȴ䲻һԵҶšһ
ҶܴܵӦôɴ࣬Ҳʾءšһ˵Сῴõܵܵġ
½ԪЦ˶ͷ϶һ£Ȼ͹ҵĵ뿪ˡ
ڰҶֺ˺죬ղű½Ԫ׹ĵط½ԪƺҲûôиİְֺҲ
ߣ½ԪñķѾιҶִ֮ˮ
⿪·ǰһ縧ͪ壬½Ԫף̾˷Ӧ
ڲǳ֮ΣĺʱҶ绹ûԭֵ̫ľٶֻƵøԶ
½Ԫ׿ЦʼСĵظҶ壬Ϊ˯¡
չ˺Ҷ磬ҵϴҶΪ˯£Ҳȥϴ裬˳ϴּ磽Լ
ҶƣǸ½ԪףĿŵͬĻᡣ꣬½Ԫְ§˻ѵõʱ⡣
ҹҶڿʣ½Ԫҹιˮ
ڶ죬ҶԼʱ˻Щ㱣ͷʹ˺þãԼǱ½Ԫͻؼҵġ
½Ԫף
Ҷ͵ƿϵıӣԼϴ˯£ǲûºĺۼ˿
ͷ˿࣬˯ĺۼ뵽Լ˯£ﻹЩջ
´ϴʱ򣬶žӷԼ϶һݮӡʱ򣬸ǲˤıӡ
Լ§½Ԫ׵ģһ뵽磬Ҷˡ
ϴŵʱͻȻСѱסȡ
裬ͷлˣְ˵ǽ첻ܳȥҶ˵
ˣҶüʵŷĴʵʵġ
Ҷ˵˵м͵ģ֮ǰҪš
Դϴα½Ԫױ֮ҶԽԽˡ
ҶߵǰһǣȻ¥¿˺üصĹС
ӿ𲻺õԤУϴ򿪵ӵƵĿ˸պýš
ǩԼһŮˣϤŮ½ϼܲ½Ԫ׵δޣΪΪ㱻½˻飬ŮǩԼʣ½Ԫӣ˵Ա͸¶Ů˺Ӱʦ岨Ҳϵ뿴屨
Ҷ翴ŵĻԼƬžһص˵ӣ˳ְε˵ӵĵԴ
һ춼׼ӣPSPҶת˵
ҶҶϷԴһҲûС
ҶʪҲû˳Էθڣ˱ˮ¶ǣȻֻȥ鷿
Ϊ½ĵĹƬŷȥϵͨ廹ûз꣬һسԼĺϡ
˵½ԪôҲˣ岨ô£ǵһθ岨ƽʱ˹ٷûһԹˣڵҲ̫ˡ
һոջعСˣ˭ôȲҪٵ
ֻϸЩĺϡ
Ҫ˹ΣȻƪĺ˵˵ȴڱ˲ټٵ֤ݡ
˵ΪΪ㱻½Ԫ˻ģǳ½Ԫ׸ոʶǻý˵ҹı˵ع⹴½Ԫıôģƣ½ԪױϳƬйʿ͸¶岨ģ֤˵岨Ϣ˽һСʱһǰһϢ֮ԭΪҶ״̬ԶĻ岨ͻȻչˣƵΪ֤
֮⣬Щı˵ԴֳˣƵȵȡ
ҶԼ֪Լع󲻵µʱڣȻôġ¡
Ҫ绰ʱĵ绰ȴ˹
ЩŶ˰ɣ绰ͷʵ
ˡҶƽشЩССڮܵס
ȲҪżҺ½ڲЩ˭ųģǻᾡ
˵һ룬ͻȻסȻ绰½Ԫ׵ģڼҴӣһᾡġ
 

140½Ԫ׵ĺô

ҶչҶ½Ԫ׵ĵ绰˼ִ˽
˼ߵǵ˵磬ҿ˽ͷû°ɣ
Ҷ˼ߵĹľúůش˵ãڽ
ǾͺãӦúܿͻȥġ㣬ЩϵĻ϶Ϲġˣ˼߶˶٣ͻȻеʲôεĺô͸©ýġ
˵ˣҶջع£ڼһʱ䶼ߣҲϴƽʱ˳ѩԴ
ɳѩܲ߻Щˣ෴ҶܵҶԴͶҶĻһ㣬Ͳѵֵôԣڳ´ҵһɵ˾
ӦûаɡҶ񶨵˳ѩĿܡ
˵½鱦ʱһģΪԴʱ򣬶ֵúе⣿˼ԥ
Ҷҡͷ˵ӦòĻˣܲ߻Щġ
˲ò࣬㻹Ƕĵġ˼߲ĵ
һġҶ֪˼ǹԼòǳѩûϺ硣
ллϴ绰ҡҶЦ˵
ʲô˵Һϲ㣬ʲôҪҰæģܸ˵
á
Ҷָ˼ԵģŹҶϵ绰
½Ԫ˵ᴦ飬ҶҲͲٶģ˳ǣû½Ԫ׽˵⡣
ƣͷ۵ģñķտӣֻ˯˸
һ˯úܳһֱԷʱűҶҶѣһ緹
ӵĳжȹҶ͸ķ϶¥¿˿ֶصĹжˡ
ѵ½ԪѾˣٶҲ̫ˡ
óֻһԼţһȴԶ˳½ϼܲ÷ֳҶ¼͡
Ҷ㿪ֳӣ½ԪžͷĻϣ߻ͻ岨
ҶȷʵҵδޣǰΪֿȻܰЩνԴͺôһˣõĶԼİŮˣǿ԰ЩΪҶֺá
ֳкܶߣһֱûͣ½Ԫ׵ЩǡشﵽҶĵס
½Ԫڵ
Ļ˵۾ҶͻȻ
ΪֿȻܰ
Ҷ۾˿ŬƽĲ½ԪѾˣ֮⣬Щ޷ֲ˺û취װʲôû
ٿƷĻʱ򣬸պֵ岨ԣһڣŵļˡ
岨ֱڷϳˡ
ϲˣʵϷЩĪеƲ⣬Ҽ˺ҰҶеϢңΪָ㼼ɣʱϢҵŶûҪͷʲô϶ſڰһŵġ
Ҫʡһм߾֣˻岨
岨ƮƮؿһۣȻؾܾ˵Ҳκʡ֮ԻμηᣬΪ˰ҵѡĸλýߣϣ´ٷйصıʱǰҴкȷһʵԣҪϹдд
ڻ岨ָɣذѸ·ý嶼ѵһ֮󣬷ֵ
ǰλֲýķйо˺ܶˣ˵һƷᣬֻĲƷҶ硣
Ҷ֮ǰFĹֳչʾ֮ǰһЩƷǰ֮ǰҪͨŲⳡϡ
Խʱ½Ԫ׺ͻ岨Ⱥ뿪ֳʡ
л˶ˣ˲гһļ߸ȥ
½Ԫ׸ڱΧ֮ǰĳ뿪ˣ岨򲻼æý˸
һԽҰ͵һβͣ˻岨ǰӳһĸߴˣ岨Цǰҫ۵һ£ϳȥ
ֱĻʹ˻岨ר
Ҫ֪ڶͬĽܶȻǰÿ˲٣ԵȻܶ࣬Ȧڻû˸ôĿŵĳ񡣻岨ȦԵһӳµͷȵ㣬ҶС˲䱻ýԺ
ȵԹʱҶȶѾȫȥϼöฺıҲɾˡ
Ҷȥ鷿岨绰ʾ˸л
岨ȴڵ绰ͷЦллҿе㲻ҵȻ㣬ɲûдΪڳ½Ԫ׵ĺôŻһϯġҪлָ·½ԪףΪ¿Ǻİ
 

141

ϣ½ԪײûҶ绰Ҳûдһ
Ҷڴϵʱ룬ϵЩֻ½Ԫ¿ý˵ǣǼٵġת뵽Ǽ٣ʲôأ½Ԫ֮䶼ǲܵġ
һֱշתൽҹҶ˯˹ȥ
ڶһ磬˰ҹˣͳ˿
үҶˣҽȥլһ졣½Ԫ͵
Ҷ˵ͷԥһ˵лл㡣
½ԪЦЦͻȻս˵ڷ˵ûģлҵĻ硪
˵һ룬ͻȻҶһڣͰлɡ
ϵһ֣Ҷ˲öûȥǺۡšüͷҪȴͻȻܳΧסˡ
źӵ棬ʹٴҶҲˡ
Ҷܳʱոպã½Ԫ׺⣬סһڣȻظʵ̫үүˣȥլһòã
ҶҶҶһۣԥŵ˵ͷȻ᲻ãϰǰְִСͽġ
½ԪƳһԵҶ˵ˣү˵ҶûµĻҲһȥҶҲи
УҶҲؾܾ
ΪʲôУҶ½Ԫ׻ʣҪܵȥլġ
ΪʲôУ
ΪҶһǿҵԤУ½үӿ϶ǻҶˣȻϴ֮̽󣬻ҪټҶ
ͷҶ½Ԫ׿ԼûϤˣһῴҶúġ
ΪҶҪȥҽ˵ۡҶ˸ɡ
á½Ԫ׶Ҷ̫ģҶ粻ҶȥҲûΪ
һԵҶͷزԼͥеݣҶ̫ͬԸϻذְ֣½Ԫ׶Ҳ񲢲ôϲ
½ԪװҶŻصϣСƨ˵ȥʰһ¶ܵܵȻǾҪˡ
լһֱҶĶʲôȱҶֻʰһϷȻһһͷ뿪˹Ԣ
½ϵ鱦½ڸýͶţһεı¼ĳ̶ֳ˵ҲҶ֪ȣҶΪڵĳʣջڹڵĵһ˿
ҲʼյһЩɷԼǶƵˣ˵ڻǽܲɷõʱ˵ʱҪ͸©Ѿ˶ӵ¡
ҶİŲû飬ҪȥMV
½ԪװҶͻʱһĻһ׷ӵԿס
Ժ֪ȻԽԽߣܵĹעҲԽ࣬סСȫҸ¿һ׷ӣΧİͱܴʩܺãңҶҶ׶԰ҲȽϽ
Ҷ翴ԿʵҲǹ˾ṩĹԢ𣿡
½Ԫ֪ôΪ˺ԼƲϵȴҲֻεصͷ
˵׷͸ģǿ϶ܵġ
ллҶǰӹԿ׵л
ϴαҵ¥µ£ԼνܵӰͲˡ
²˳٣ҶԿ֮½Ԫ׺ܿͽ˰ҹ˾Ҷ뿪˳֮ǰѼҸˡ
¼ĸʽռ״ˣ¥˽Сѵ߷
·ѾʰһȾֻҪѰĶ¹һͺˡ
ҶҶ¼ʮ⣬¿ĵòСҶ籾Ϊʰٵķ䣬תͷҶְԼСͷҶĴϡ
¼ңȻҪúףһ£Ҷͱķ׼˻ƮѩＸΧһڹðĹû˾ʮů
½ԪȻƤ䷹
ϯ䣬ͻȻ˵Ҫ뿪˳ˣҰ㿴Ӱɣ
Ҷв˵ֶ˶ΣȥȻǲܴϺӵģȻбķȷʵЩġ
½Ԫ˵Ҷ֮ǰһֱڴģСҿҲֲرæպÿչǡ
ԼĸĸţȷʵõġңҶͦϲ½Ԫס
ǾллˡҶԥŴӦҲڵ⼸죬ǧܴҶȥ½լӵƤʡþŵүү
½ԪΪҶȥ½ңΣҲûʣֱӵͷӦ˾䡰á
ڶһ磬СҶȥҶҶ֪ҪˣȻûп֣Ǳ鶼ġ
½Ԫ׸ɴֱ˵Ĺ鲻ѵСѳȥˣ
˳㻹õ·ռҶǼ䷿䡣
 

142²Ҫκ˵Ǹ

ܺã»˲٣½Ԫ̰࣬ȥCS
CS⣬ȻǶ죬ϷҪܶҲСѶഩ·
ҶҶǵһϷ·ʱ˷ܵؿǰǹԾԾԡ
½ԪײûֱӴǽȸǽ˹Ȼְֽô׼ǹ
Ҷ׼ͷܺãʮκʮڵѾԴԴˡҶȴһ츳ҲûУ½Ԫ׽һȻָҴһ
Щ˿ûӰ쵽ǵ˷ܾ½ԪΪǼһͷŴȥϷء
أμӵĶһЩĺӣͬļֳͥԿʼ֮һȺСܲͷŤŤظڴǰ塣
һʼҶҶ½Ԫȫһƶ壬嵽½Ԫ׵ǰ档
½Ԫеظ󣬱Ҫʱ򣬿ǹһ·ӻ͵˶Էء
ܹս½Ԫ׻ʤΣһθɴ˦ƹСԼǰ塣
⣬ҶرˡɵˣҶǸŶһֱֵСһʹϲ
Ϸ˻ͷػ˼ҡϴ֮½ԪִҶҶȥըͺƽʱԣҶܲóԵĶ
ҶҶԱˬ֮뿪Ҷ˸кܿ챻׵˾⡣
ϣҶҶƵͨʱ򣬷Ҷ˲١
ȥCSֵء͵ըûаúóأֵͦúȵġ
Ҷ˶٣ͻȻ˵裬Ҿ½Ԫ׺Ҳûô
ҶܺãҲԼСԼϷʱվԼҶǰ󣬶СرǡԼʶڣҲûʲô¡
ҺϲҶ˵
ǸԣһʼҶ֪Ҷ½Ԫס
֪ǣҶʵͰ½Ԫİְ֡
Ҷ粻Ҷ̸½Ԫףʵԣǽһ죬ûȥ׶԰
½˵ġ׶԰ҶСüë廹˵СӵҪ棬˲ҪȥѧУѧϰء
ҶͻȻðһɴ⣺뿪һ죬Ҷ˵;䲻롰½塱ˣжϲ
ʱѾˣҶҶúóԷ˯׶԰֮󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
Ҷֻ½ԪףȻ͹ԹԵɻشϣ۾
û˯ţľ˵ʵ̫رˣǸһʱûйĸоϲ½ԪһҪܺ½Ԫ׺ͺþͺˡ
ڶ죬½Ԫ԰ҶҶ͵׶԰Ȼȥ½ϰ칫¥ϰࡣ
ϷѹļҪ
һֱ°ʱǿͷļĥ˱񣬿ɻûüһڣͱҶĵ绰ˡ
Ҷܼ˵׶԰ղŸҴ绰˵ҶͱСѴˣˣȥҺܵ
½Ԫ׷¿ȣο˵СӴܺżھȥ׶԰ʱ绰
ãˣҵ绰Ϊ˲½Ԫȥ׶԰Ҷ粢ûж˵
绰½Ԫ׾׶԰ϡ·ϣҵ׶԰ʦĵ绰˹ȥ
绰ͨǴһ·һ绰ͷһº͵Ůãλ
Ҷļҳ½Ԫ״֪Ҷôˣ
Ҷְ֡
ԷһͰ½Ԫ״ϳҶİְ֣½ԪҲûо
ʦ˵Ҷ˵ˣѾˣ˵СҲˡ
ҶΪʲôҪǣ½Ԫ״ʵ
⡭ʦ֧һ£ش˵С˵ҶͻȻȥǣҶȴһֱ˵ڻڵ顣
Ȼ黹ûжۣҶھͲҪκ˵ǸУҴŶʮӺﵽ׶԰ϣ԰֮ǰұⱻһЩļҳɶˡ
Ůʦ½Ԫװ̨һ£ֺܿ췴Ӧ˵ǻģҶְ֡һҪ׶԰Ҫȹˡ
½Ԫ׿ǰͷ·ڼĽͨƣһżӴţɫɺƵ˲䣬ɳ۴·ڡ
 

143Ҷְ

ʮӺ½Ԫ׵׶԰սžͱʵҶļҳ𣿡
½Ԫ׵˵ͷ
ӶСʦİ칫ҡ
Ӧһ类ģֱӰ½Ԫ쵽һǰ
½ԪŽȥʱŮسţԲ۾СʦŬǡ
½ԪüȺҵҶҶ
ҶҲһ˹ί˵ְ֣Ǵ˵ܵܣֶܵܵѪˡ
ֵŮˣҶĻ볯½Ԫ׿˹
Ҷİְ֣һŮ˵۾ʵ
ǣ˵ǵĺӴҶӣ½ԪǰҶȷ˵ʵ
Ҷ½Ԫ׳İְ֣΢΢۾
Ůִٻȶ֣
˵Ҷȶ֣֤𣿡½Ԫ׸ɴҶߣϾʵ
֤ݣϵ˾֤ݣ˵Ҷȶ֡
Ů˰Լǰָźϵ˿ڸ½Ԫ׿һ΢Ĳˣ˵ƤҶѪֱֱʲô
½ԪתͷҶ˵ѵҶӾû˵Сȶִ𣿡
Ҷ˲̧ͷϵ˵ȶִңҲŻֵġ
Сʦ㿴ǹ˵ѣ
ҳ̬ȣֲúӻ׶԰۸ͬѧÿ׶԰ôǮɲúģ

Ů˼½ԪײǺǵģְŭתСʦϣСʦͷ̲סҶ侲һ£˵
Ů˱СʦѹסʱϢġ
Ҷְ֣λ裬ǽģҪֵø󡭡
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ǲǸڻûŪ˭˭
ſͻȻСʦĻٴαϡ
һȹСŮƿ˽ߵСʦǰӵؿ˵ʦҿ֤ҵʱڸҶһ棬ĸȳЦҶûаְ֣Ҷǰȥ۵ģͻȻͶִҶȻҶŻֵġ
СᣬͲ˵Ļȴ߼
Сʦתͷ裬û˵ڣһŽָС˵˵ССôأҼҺôԣôܻأ
ûѣСﲢûбסʱСҲڣȥǵġ
½ԪױҶ˵ˣСʦ֪ô𣿡
Ҷְ֣ġ
Сʦ˵һ룬ֱһ˸ˡ
Сʦ
½ܣôҲ֪ͨһ׶԰԰ֱߵ½Ԫʵ顣
½ԪЦЦǼӴܵС£ֵ鷳㡣
Ů½ܡϸ˿½Ԫ׵òʱϳǰ½ϼŵλ½ܡ
׶԰˳ǵĹ׶԰ȻѺĶǮƵ˼ңɸ½ϱǵȨƿɾͲ̫ˡ
λѸٰȥҲ˲ԸĺˣšŶﵽҶǰĵ˵½ܣǸ֮ǰǱСӸƭˣдǧȥ
˵һԼӵĺףúɸֵ˵С쵰ϽλСѵǸ
Բ𡣡
Բ𡣡
Ӳ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻŵò㶼Ҫ޳ˣſǻǸ
½Ԫĵؿһۣûз
԰ע⵽Ҷ˵֣ǰȰ˵½ȴȥҽԺɣｻҴ
½ԪҲͷһҶ֣Ѫɴ棬˿ѿˡ
ΪҶһֱûۣ½Ԫ׵Ǻ˿ڡ
½Ԫü˵ͽ԰ˣˡ
԰֤˵½ܷģһġ
Ů˻ڲͣ½Ԫ׵½⣬½ԪȴͷҲصشҶҶ뿪ˡ
ҶȥҽԺ·ϣ½ԪײͨҶĵ绰ȻֻݸҶ
衣ֻͨҶȺһ衣
ҶҶһĲŷŻ˶ʵ˵СѴˣûУ
ҶᣬһԵҶ⣬æҪܵίҶȴۼֿס졣
Ҷһ۲ɴ֣شûˣǰСѴˡ
ʻϵ½ԪشҲ⡣Ҷ͵ĺӣûҲŪʲôȡ˵ĹעҶȴѾ綮ˣ֪ü˵ˡ
ԽԽϲ¶ִϻ۵ĺˡ
绰ͷҶʵΪʲôСѴأ֪㲻ְµĺӡ
Ҷܵԭǣͬѧ֪ĶϢ˵ûаְ֣ǸСҰ֡аְֻ֣ûкסһҶ̲סǰۣҪǵǸĺȴŸӱߴ󣬾ȻȶִȻŷġ
¸裬΢΢ǰֵֻݻظ½ԪףʾԼش
½ԪײʧЦСһԽԽԼˡ
˵кֺ֮ûʲô£ͲҪˡ
Ҷ˵ô˵˶ǲԵģҪҸе飬ñġ
õģȻȥһúýġ½Ԫ׷ܵӦ͵
ǺãҵĹûнȲ˵ˣݰݡҶҴҹҶ˵绰
½Ԫ״ҶȥҽԺ°˿ڣ˵֣ϳԷʱ½ԪιģҶ˼غ
غ˯ӣ½Ԫ״һʼŻط˯˯ҹʱȴͻȻҶҡˡ
ԴӸҶַ˯ԺΪºӰҹ£½ԪҵķŴûϹ
§סҶʣôС𣿡
ǵģְ֣Ҷſǻܻ̣ܵҽв
 

144ǲϲ

Ҷˣա
½Ԫ׵һʱܳ˵绰һֱ򵽵ԷԺؽ
ܳǿۣĻϰ壬ҹ˯𣿡
ӷˣϿŶԷ
½Ԫ׵ܼУܳųѹһߺҵ·һ߶½Ԫ˵ʪë£Ͼ͵
½Ԫ˵Ĳ岻ܳΪҶˣҶСʱ뵽ĸ£ǰܳۻˡ
ҹ˳ǵ·ͨżҲнܳʰöһ·쭳˽Է
Žݵʱ򣬷ҶȻúõظ½Ԫ׵ߣҪôµʱֱһСкǰ
̫½Ԫˡ
ǸӵȻûгϤ½Ԫ׵˶óüۺͱӸ½Ԫʵ̫ˡ
ܳԾʵĶŪ˸ӣ˽ӣ
Ҷӣ½Ԫ׼ػشȸ飬ְܹˣһɿ˿ڸȾ
ҶֵɴѾ⿪ˣƶ
ܳüԵ˼ʼ
Ƭ̺ܳ˵ȷʵ˿ڸȾ˿ڰʱòλСӵ̫ˡ
꣬Ҷ룬Ҷ½Щֹ֮׵ĵΡ
ڴεʱҶѾѹˣֵĺܹɣûнۣǿܳһۡ
Һ䵽һʱҶѾָ½Ԫº˯СѣɫѾ΢΢ˡ
ܳ绹ŰԵ飬ʵŵǸĲ˽ӣ
֪Ҷعģ֪Ǵźһģ֪ĺ½Ԫסһ
Ҷĺӡæµ˴ϣ½Ԫƣ۽ǣûж͡
һ˲ܳ·ܵ˾ţŤһָֺܿ
ֲô񣬱½Ԫ׵ְ
½ԪΪվôԶûϳԼĺ
һϳ˺ӵݣǵͬҶƭԼ̫ˣ
ܳ翴½Ԫףͬ鵽ְһ飬½Ԫ̲סʵôˣʲô飿
ûûʲô֧ܳ˵ǸѾˣҲҩҪûµĻҾȻȥˡôȶ½Ԫһɡ
½Ԫײӻ־ؼϢȥˡ
½Ԫûȥ˾ڼչҶ
׶԰԰һʼ˵˵ĺѾȰˣ˵ֻ׶԰
½Ԫ׿ʼӵϢҶյͨģһʹ
ȻӲΪСûнúӵĸĸҪ溢ܵˣתְʼССѵһԸĸ
鷿ִļʼӾѾò˵ʱ򣬾ͽҶҶ
ҶԺԼȥϴҶʱջǺ˵ģ廹ǲã𴲣һֻܲ㡣
½ԪһѰʵȥ򣿡
Ҷ˼ص˵ͷ
½Ԫװȥϴּ䣬󣬾Ͱŵϴ̨ϣ´ʯ̨̫滹˺һԡ
½Ԫϸ¶ĵظҶϴˢΪ֮ǰչ˹ҶЩǺ
Ҷ뿿ʱͻȻ½ԪԺôչе㻵ϲϣܸͺãİְ֡
ԷʱȻ½ԪιҶһ߽ŷһ߰Ҫϰְ裬ǾͺãҲû˸ûаְֵСҰˡ
ʱԶƺеҶ磬Ҳ˵С鷳
ƺΪصĵˣļ紺
Ҷݵ֧MVںģMVǾǸиֵ
һͻȻģΪ質úãֺ˧ӵӴķ˿ȺǣΪƽʱ׷ˣĲЩ͡
ҶóֶĸѾǴˣﾹȻĶһȺΧţ˵仰
Ҳˣ˭˼Һأڼ䣬λָˣСӣǳٵˣ̫̫󣬺ˮеʲôģֱһŮ˻Ҫ
Ϊ̫ȶһMVȥˣŸո˿ͷ
ҶһӿȣֻסƬϵ
ǵ˵ʲôһϷչʱͻȻҶаһЦֲмʵǲϲң
 

145ܹݵİϷ

һͿ͸˵ı飬Ҷʵǲϲң
Ҷ˺һȷԼûˣһֱ㵱ѵİ
룬ʵǲСʲôľٶ𣿡
üͷȻͻȻЦźһʲôҲû˵뿪ˡ
Ҷ˶Щ£ԼСʵҲСĸʲôľٶ𣿡
СҲúĪҡҡͷ˵ҾöĽӴżֺùһΡҲ̫˰ɣΪԼˣȫ綼ðƵġ
˵С粻ⱧԹ䣬ҶƬ˼죬Ҳܿϵо
ҶһƣʾƬ˵
С缱æ˵ͷ˵ûϵǻ˵ġ
ҶȻԣҲ˼ƽϣڵڶʱﱣ˾룬ݶϷʱҶ綼ԶԶġ
Ϣļ϶СЩĺͿȣҶ粹
Ҷ绹ûڣﲻ֪ӷ裬Ȼ˵Ҫ׷ϽȣϢʱ䣬ǣֻܷĿȣ򵥲ױֺһվľͷ¡
ҪĵⳡϷһλ䡣ߣȺ뵽ԼǰŮںһˣۡ
һͷǣɳ̲׷׷ŮǵʱͻȻһ˴򷭣˫˫˺ˮ
ǵĴ׷Ͻȣǰͷں׷ľͷû˳NGĴ࣬ĵ˱˴򵽺ˮʱ˵µʱ򣬵ȴͻȻҶ簴ˮҶ粻Ǻ˺üˮ
һֱȥʱ򣬵ɿ
ҶŲӣƴС缱æܹס
ΧĹԱҲǿɫȴǰȥ
Ҷ˺һŻָʹٲ£Ҳ̲סʵҷʲô裬ҵˣ
ԭЩûڣղ̫ˣҶ羹Ȼ˵裬ҲŻ
ҷ裿￿Ҷ磬˵ΪҲ֪ǵ˼ôңָܹݵİϷˣ
ôⵥ֢Ȳ˵ϲϲԼĶܹˣ
⣬˼Ӱ죬ҶŬŭʵԾûʲôٶԣ֮ǲʲô᣿
᣿
ϢʱҶ˵ƽʱ򿧷ˮʲôģҲܻһݣȻûԹɽȴ־룬˶Ϸʱһԣȫûǰ龢ⲻܹʲô
˵ôҴ˾ͲҳˣŮҼöˡ
ĺ仰û˵꣬ıȴԡ
ͻȻԱչɣ̫Ҳˣ绹š
˵꣬ӹԡͷҲصˡ
С翴뿪ıӰԥ˵Ҫǰ¸½ܻ˵һ°ɡ
ʵ̫ˣҶ类۸ҶίۣԼֻһССﲻʲôæ
ˡҶƣһʪͷԥؾܾƽʱͺæЩС¾ͲҪ鷳ˡ봦ʸˡ
С̾Ϣŵ˵ͷ˵֪ˣҲ˵ġ
ҶؾƵϴ˸ˮ裬Լ£ܾʲôطԾ
ЩԸҲԸһ飬ΪԷϲҪɣܲڵо񲡡
Ҷ˼룬ȴ֪ȻһĿʱ䣬ȴ¸ûȥκ¡
磬ҶҶ׶԰ʦ˵绰˽һϴδܵûӰ쵽ҶСѵദ
׶԰ʦȴ˵ҶҶ춼ˣѧУ
Ҷüͷôų죬СѾμˣ
ִ½Ԫף绰ȴҶӵģȻ½Ԫ״ӡ
衣
绰ͷҶûͦġ
ҶʵСûȥ׶԰
绰ͻȻһȻͱ½Ԫ׵ģ½Ԫ׽˵׶԰Ѿżˡ
Ҷһȷʵ쵽׶԰żٵʱո׶԰绰Ļˡ
Ҹո׶԰绰Ҷ˵
Աƣ½Ԫ˿Ҳûо˵ޣǿҼǴˡ
Ҷ˵㽨Ѻȥ׶԰ġҶϲȥ׶԰֪ģȥ׶԰٣ǽСѧܾͻϰѧΡ
ԣСѽӴԶǶСӣҲ̫ǣֻͯһΣĲҪġңѧУȷʵҪżˡ
½Ԫ׻䣬ҶҲյ绰ǰ˵裬ְһ԰أְ˵԰첻ϸĻСѾͻˣΰأ
ҶֱЦãⶼǸ½Ԫѧʲôѧΰˣ
裬׶԰ʦ̵ЩҶġҶҲ˵
һΪʲôȥ׶԰Ӧˡ
½Ԫ˵ҲԣֻͯһΣֲҪģӵܸоõж࿪ģ̾Э˵ðɣξˣ²ΪԺһҪʱȥϿΡ
õģټСһܵӦһ͹Ҷ˵绰
Ҷһᣬ뿪˲һܣӾͲˣ
ҶƵزУһ˯˵ڶ
ɵʰ굽Ƭʱȴط֣ﾹȻѾˡҪ֪֮ǰһҲû׼ʱƬ˵ǰˡ
 

146һŷ

ܿ죬Ҷ֪ԭ
ǿʱ䱾ûĶãǾӭһλˡ˼ߡ
˼̽ģ̽İࡣ
ԭ˼ߺ͵ͬУУѣϵ˶ѧԺģ˼߱ҵ˵Ӱ
˼ߵˮС⣬ǹԱԱһݡҶǷ˼ġ
˼Ц˵ҽһ˫̽˵İࡣôʦƢ̫ãûΪɣ
Ҷӹˮлεʼ˵Ƣȷʵͦġؼ֪Լôġ
˼Ц⣬޵ؿ۲ԶС磬˵Ҳ˵պҵѣͶС
Ҷ粦֦һ٣ʵʲô
˼˵˵͵ﻥ࿴Է˳ۣﻹƬ㶯֡
ҶҡҡͷһЩᡣ
ͺã˼ЦǽһԶٷɣ
˼Ȱ͵˼ԣҶԴȻ̫ϣҲľܾĺ⣬Ծ͵ͷӦ
Դ˼飬ͣ㣬ȴˮԸʱ򣬵ͷݶ˼䣬͵˽չ
˼ߡҶ磬ȥ˸һϹݡ
ȻΪ˰ǿó˼߻Ǻܾصġ
ϯ䣬˼߲û׷֮ͻԭ򣬵ǱҶ͵Ρ
ҶϤǻŪļƵˣ֮ǰʲôìᣬǶȥˡҵϣٷ֮󣬴Ҿȥº˼˵žľƱ
üҶһۣҲŲԸضƱ
ҶҲƸ
óķܣɲٷ֮͵֮᲻ı䣬ٱ湦Ҫġ
Ȧ˷С²ؼ߸߹𡱵׼򣬲֮ǰĶȣһһ£һ˾ͻƲ˵Ĺϵ˻˼ģרҶĺУΪ˭ҶﶼǸмġ
Ϊ˼绹г̣ǵ緹ʱ䲢ʱ˼סҶ֣ŵ˵ҵĺѣ㲻۸ġ
˵ͷ
˼תҶ˵£һҪǵøҴ绰
áҶЦӦ
һԵĵͻȻ˵ԼȻȥɣ˼߽㡣
Ҷνص˵ͷһš
˳ͣĵطȥ˼Ŵѧʱ£Ҷ岻죬ĵĴ
һСģƳбһͣ·ߵĳӣͻȻԼֱֱسϵĵײ˹ȥ
ӻٶԭԽ죬ۿҪײ˵ɵ˼ȴ
СģҶ缱æ֣һһһ
Ｘ˸ն㿪ͻǣбײǰͷİǽϡءһ󣬴ǽ˼שͷӲűǽס
Χ˶ŵþһŮ˴ҴҴӸڵ˳Լĳ˼ʻ£ײǽҲһûˡ
˼ؿ˵ˣлл磬ˡ
ҲҶ磬īɫӣ촽˼ȴʲôҲû˵
ҶЦȴѧŵԼǲϲʱ˵ôǲ˵ллûϵ֮ͣÿ
Ȼĵ٩뷴Ҷȴһټ뿪ˡ
翪ʱ򣬵ﲻϵֳٵˣ˼ߵĻЧ㣬ȻԶһӣûҶ粻ɶ˼߸Ӹм
֮ǰչҶҪȥжױȴͻȻ߹µĿڴʲô
Ͼŵ㣬ҵ㡣뿪ʱ򣬵˵
ΧҶæʰûע⵽ҶڴĶóһȻһŷ
ҶˣһסںߵľƵ꣬ǵǲһסġŷӡžƵֺͷš;סľƵꡣ
ԡһŷ˵ϾŵǼ˼
ܲǡԼڣ
ķչҲ̫԰쵥ﻹΪԼˣĻʮֱģ̶˴أôҲǶ˼
ΪҸŮϵĻ˵Ϊо籾ҲûŰӦҲһٳɣԼžܲһҲɡ
ҶԭأԽԽŷ֡
ѷؿڴü˾Ƶꡣ
ڷԵģ극óŷô
ȥǿ϶ȥģһĵһҲ˵ˣȥĻ֪«ʲôҩִôԸ
ԥҪҪ绰̯ƵʱſͻȻ
ΪС磬ְѷɳϵķ϶Ьȥš
裡
һ򿪣Ҷ㱻һһСһﱧסȡ
裬Ǻ㰡һߵҶ˵
һߵҶ˵׶԰ķżˡ
ҶǰվͦΣЦһ½Ԫס
 

147֤

ҶӴݣϲ˵Ҳǡ
һ˱һڣҶʣԹ𣿡
ûأöҶС˵
ҶЦص˵ıǼ⣺ţȥ绰͵㶫
ҶȥֻС绰СӳԵġʳ룬½ԪҲһͻ
Ҷ绰ڿ˵ӿƬҶȽϵƤɳϹȥͻȻɳ۳һεĿƬ
ʶֲ࣬ſƬطת˿ֻͰְ־õпѿƬݵ½Ԫǰ˵ְ֣Ҽһп
½Ԫ׽ӹһʱšüëһŷһھƵķ
ǣҶΪʲôһƵķ
½Ԫװѷսڴ˵ģ
šҶصͷŤͷȥȥˡ
Ҷ绰ãСͰѷ˹
СһʵеˣΪҪ˯ˣҶ粢ûǳԵ̫
½Ԫ׿ŰԼǰ΢΢Щ⣬ЦŶҶ˵ллҺܸж
Ҷ类ֳ񿴵ЩڣƲͷ˵Ҳлл⼸Ҷչˡ
½Ԫ׹ѹһԵ
ȿȿȿȣҶ˼ĪķΧ
ʵ㶨𣿡
½Ԫңңͷ˵ûС
ﻹжķ䣬һ˯ɡ
Ҷ绹ûüڽȥǰ̨ǼǣҶͼææȿ˿ڡ
ԣһסҶҲŸ͵
ҶĿСϿֿô½Ԫס죬ͱôƫˣ
Ҷɻʵؿ½Ԫס
½ԪײµҶʲôεʼ磬˵治ҽ̵ġ
ðְһ£治½Ԫ׽̵ġ
ʵϣҶҶļƻ
Ҷϲ½ԪףԼİְ֣費ϲ½Ԫף͵͵Ҷϰְ裬ദĻᣬʱ䳤ˣͻְֲ֪ͻϲġ
Ǿ˸ղţҪ½Ԫ׺һסһĻ
廹ҪܸסһġҶ˸ɾܾ
½Ԫ׵ͷ˵ҽȷʵе£졢졢һֱɱ죬Ҷճг̣Ըסһġ
裬𣿡ӷ̧꣬ͷ
ҶԼھԮƹĻʵۣû˵Ȩ
ջЭ½Ԫס˽ǰͺӳƵҪСģܱýĵ
ɲһͷ˵˯ϰ壬ޡ
ؼǣҶ½Ԫüۼ䳤úһýĵƬк߶Ա˵ĳ࣬Ҷݾͱ¶ˡ
򵥳Թ½Ԫ׸ڴķȻֿ̧ʱ䡣
ûµģǷŷʱˣҲóˡ
½Ԫ˵ˣҶҶ·ߣ͹ϻ㿪֮ǰġ
Ҷ类һ֣Ͱѷ˾⣬˵ͷû½ԪҪȥĶԼȥʲô
÷򿪷ŵʱ򣬷ַ˵ˡ
ĵƹⱻɫ￴ŰŵţͷӶЩڴ
Ҷ粢ûио뵽Ӻģһҹǲġ
Լᣬſһ߽ȥ
ﳬSIZEĴϣȴ𵶵һװˣҶķ
ϵǰˣ½ϼŵܲá
ŷ뵽֮ǰǳᡣʱ˹Լ֮ǰҶ½Ԫ׵Ĺϵ
Ϊϣ½Ԫ˵ϲҶֻΪϴ׵дʣҲ
½Ԫ׵۹Ҳδ̫ˣȻϲˮŮˡ
ԭǿҶģһжҶ⹴ġԼЩ¶ǵĶźƬֽȹһΣ˵ҪԼһ
ԣҶĴ
뵽˵½Ԫ˵½ܣ֮Ӧһᡣ
½Ԫžһŷ˴ͷϣŵõһ顣
½Ԫ״ӱǻһϾ˵˵˵ʲôᡣ
ӲͷƤ˵Ҳ֪ҶĹϵ
鵥Ǵŵģҵǳŷûˣ½Ԫ״ʵ
ͷһ亹ˣϴ׵·ȦﲻǺܳԣҵʱûе档
Ŷԭˣˣ½Ԫʵ
Ȼǣ½ԪֻʲôҲûȴѹԽԽ۾һգɴֱ˵ȷʵҵĴǴڶĴҶϣҵģȻҲŻᡭ
˵Ҷ繴㣿½Ԫüٴδ
ǵģ֤ݡ
æҵóֻֽȻ󷭿΢ţݸ½Ԫס
½Ԫ׿ﵥҶ΢¼ԽüͷԽ
ȻЩƬPSģͷ¶ǵĻȷʵǳĹ
ǣҶΪʲôܲãȥһСأ۴ĸ濴ֺܲòܵõĺôɣ
½Ԫ°ѵһ飬ֱõòҶСǳñðɣ
½ԪҡҡͷЩƵ뷨ϳԺ
΢ź벻ҶģȻҶûȻ˽ıԣǲܸ﷢Щġ
صһѵֻҲ˴ͷϣĵŵùڵϣһҲƽʱŰˡ
½Ԫѵףس˹ȥȻúõõһǡ
ǵﻹMVҪģ½Ԫײûºۼٳŵʱֶڵסӵĵ˵úMVϽˡ
 

148

ֻǸ΢ź룬ȷʵҶֻš
½ԪȻҶȥǶ΢ŵ»Щڻ
ûҶ΢źţֻȥ֪Ҷ΢źŲֻעġ
½Ԫ׷˼һҲעһ΢º룬ȻҶĺѣ֤Ϣǣˡ
ûãҶͽĺ½Ԫ׿ҶͷЦЦûż죬Ҫƺһױ˷ݡ
ε΢¼ΣΪƵģ㲻ñˣϴιҶͬһˡ
ҶŸոջعΨһ˾ǳѩ½Ԫһ͵Щûйϵ
ݺҶ˾˭أ
½ԪװǸ΢ź뷢ϣͨܲЩ˿
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Ҷ繤ƺжһ졣ůͣӺúһ죬ȻһȥĻ½Ԫס
ҶҲվҵһôų½Ԫ׵ɡ½Ԫ׿
һӵʱҶ绹ãɵӣӶ˵ʱ򣬾͸½Ԫ׳ˡ
˴īһ˱һӣȺʱ˲ٵĿ⡣
ǡҶҲˣ½Ԫ׻һֱһ
ʹӣ½ԪȻƽȡ½Ԫ׵ӺģҶ粻òϣӣ·Ȼ˧ģء
˷һ죬˵ڶķɻ
ڻʱҶסҶҪȥץޣҶЩȤͰغ½ԪһԵǡ
ҶͶһѵϷңһҲûץסĲֺҶ绳Цúܿġ
һԵ½ԪڿֽҶڿͯ飬˷ҳĶͬ
һ·Ůŵͣ½Ԫ״˵ģӸ㳤ʵ̫ˣղǿĶֱͬ
𣿡½Ԫ׷±ֽҶһۣҶҲŤͷ
԰֮ǰû˵ǳ𣿡Ů½Ԫ׿ϸ˵Щ˷ܡ
½ԪȥҶ׶԰ʱһ۾ͱϳҶְֵľһüëʵһ۾ϳǸ𣿡
㲻ǸӣҲӦѪԵܽŮͷƶ˵
½ԪüͷֳҶһۣ⺢ӵȷʵЩ
ҿһ˵ĺӰ𣿡ŮСʵ
½ԪЦҡͷܾЩ󷽱㡣
ŮЩʧ䡣
ԱŮѴߴߣֿ½Ԫһۣźֲ뿪ˡ
ŮĻ½Ԫףժī§ҶһģȻֻƬϸȶ
Ҷüȷʵ񡭡
ŤͷֿһҶȻְĿתԶҶ磬ԺͻȻӿһƵ뷨Ҷ᲻ġ
½Ԫ׵ͻȻ©ġ
ҶԶͿһŮڸ½Ԫ״ڨ½Ԫ׺ܿظŮüԹ½Ԫ׻зܿѹԼȻ½Ԫˡ
Ϊദʱ̫
Ҷ翪ʼĲɣָҶץ޶ͣ
صޣȥ˾ǹȥˣƾԲѷ죬Щ˿ҲԶ޷ֲָ½Ԫ׶ȱʧΡ
ڽ廹ڵʱͽ֮䣬½Ԫ״ûŹĻһҲûСѡʱ򣬾Ѿ˶½Ԫ׵һ
ڻУҶᶨĿȻŬǮȺԼٴ뿪
Ҷٵǻ֮ǰץһֻСФױƵĵݵҶǰ˵ܵܣ㡣
ҶȻϲڲĲżǽӹ˵лл
Сʱһڻص˳ǵļ·ɻǰҶָ˺޷
ص¼ҵʱҶ緢½Ԫ׾ȻѾռķ䡣
СЩ˰ְ趼ڵӣϣ½Ԫ׻ܼһסɲôҶջûдӦ
½Ԫཻ̫ļ
½ԪҲûǿֻ뿪ʱ򣬰һºӣڸҶӵʱĴͷϰε˼ͷ
ΪͷϸҶֻͷƤǱ϶һ£ڷֿʱ½ԪΪࡣ
 

149Ӽ

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жϷϵ¶ŴϵۻȨʴ999ݹʹΪ֮ѧӹϵ
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ܳ˵仰ĻᶼûУͱ½Ԫһ·ŴԼİ칫ҡ
½ԪװӼˤܳ绳˵ܸߵ࣬ʡһʱȥսҹάҲ˵
ܳ翴żϵļ֣֪ԼǶ㲻ˣ˵϶Ҷ½Ԫ׵
򿪼棬һĿʮеؿ󡪡ɡ
ҡҲǵѡܳϱ˵Ҳ֪㵱ʱҶ֮ĹϵֵúܽҶһҪ㣬ΪĺӲϷߣԣҰæ˵ˡ
ҲܹҰֱܳҵʱмҲΪѵģʱ⣬㡭
лл㡣½ԪͻȻ˵ллš
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ԼĺˣţҶܰ
½Ԫ˵ţͻȻ۾ȴһᣬ˳͵͵
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½Ԫ׽һѵĺư׾ƺƣǲԼϻؼˡ
½Ԫƽʱأܳ绹ûôʱ
˵ܳȾƣ½ԪײҸϲáھεΪҶǸǸӾȻúõػţʲô˿ĵأ
⼸½Ԫ˾ܳˡ
Ҷ뿪ʱ½Ԫҹҹجʧߣҩ½ԪҶÿμ½ԪСǸеӤʱó½ԪڻǸ˵ĺӡ
ܳǸӻڣ˵֮󷴶ĹΪǸʱҲҶκϢ
ֱղ½ԪϲܳһʯͷҲ˵ء
ʵȻ֪Ҷݣǽô죿
½ԪѾ˼⣬ЦЦ˵ô죿Ȼ׷Ҷ磬ˡ
ܳͷֻҪǿȡһ׾С
Ϊ̫ˣ½Ԫ׺ܿϣܳҲ˲پƣ½Ԫ׵˵绰˽ߡ
ҵҹʮһ࣬ܳ½Ԫס
ܳؼңȻ󿪳½Ԫ׵ʱ½Ԫתѡ
½Ԫ׵ľƾûȥͷȻģ򿪳ͷĽֵϸֱһ£Ȼ˵ȥԷ
͸ڵĺӾ½Ԫһۣƺ˲٣·ڹ䣬ȥҶڵĽԷ
½Ԫ׷ҶǰʱʱѾ賿ʮˡ
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ܿſ˿ŵ
ҶʱһӾŵһŨҵľ½ԪԱߵǽվš
½Ԫ׿ΪʲôҶĺӣΪʲôһ˸ļ֪Ҷٴ󣬼仰תǧأʳڵȴǣǶ˯𣿡
Ҷü˵ڶѾ賿ˣ綼˯ˡ
ҿԽȥ˯𣿡½Ԫ׿ʵ
Ҷ絲ſڣûзȥ˼ΪʲôԼļң
Һȶˡ½Ԫֱֱؿ˵
Ҷ´һ飬ȷʵȶˣΪأûзƷļ
Ҷڷ˯ǰⰤ֮ԥһǱŹ񿴵˷ҡ
ҶǺñ˵˯ɣҪӡ
½ư׵ͷȴתҪ뿪ʱͻȻס֣ϵĴϡ
ʲôҶһʼʮֺԼղžȻ˽
𶯣ʲôҾôһ½Ԫ׵ͳƵڶƺż˸С
Ҷ˼£ʼУֻſ½Ԫ׵ؿϡ
ߵ
磬֪ϲ㣬ԱƿҺ𣿡½Ԫײͣ૵
Ҷȴػظ˵Ѿϲˡ
Ҳţٸһλòãҡ㡢ҶҶ°ҵģǻҸġ½ԪȻִ˵
ҶۿЦЦĻᣬǰˡ
 

150´߻

ڶ죬½Ԫʱ򣬼Ѿֻʣһˡ
ϴķʵҶͺȥĶˣ
ķɨ½Ԫ׵ͣĻش˵СλСүȥ¥ɹ̫ȥˡ˰ɣɰﻹ࣬С⽻ģȥʢһ룿
½Ԫ׵˵ͷѾˣȷʵеˡ
½Ԫ׺ʱҶҲҶҶˡ
ְ֣Ҷ˹èèƵ½Ԫ׵Ļ
֮ǰ½ԪΪ˵ǷӼ棬Ѿмû㺢ˡ
½ԪװҶԼϣһſڵҶְҲ˹
½ԪʵũҪˣûʲôҪְȥ򡣡
һ˵ţһ̲סָ軭ҶüۡüۿôϤҶԼôԼ֮ǰôûзأ
Ҷʱ⣬һֻȫõĶҶǰ
½Ԫ׵ָҶ۾ʱҶеƫͷ㿪ˡ
վһԵҶü˵ײӦ½æʱ½ҪԹΪء
Ҷߵ˼ԣ½Ԫȴװ˵æǹ˾ȴң˾һر˲ڰæңһĿлǳĳġ
Ϊ˵ѾˡҶЩؿ˵
Ѿ˵˲κοܣΪʲô½Ԫ׻Ҫ׷š
Ҷ½Ԫ˵Һȶˣʲôǵˡ
½ֻܼסԼס𣿡Ҷ缥
ҶҶŤͷ֮ؿ˿ְڳ
½Ԫ׶˶٣̾˿˵˵ĶԣӼסĶϲ㣬жϲ㣬ԼôܸҶҶһ𡣡
Ҷ类½ԪͻıŪ
½Ԫ֮ջŵӣ˲Э˵ˣְֽȻȥˣһ档
½Ԫӵϸһ£׵Ҷʱ룬ҶӦϲİɣӦܽԼְֵİɣ
½Ԫ׻ڶӻŵϲУԱҶϳ²ô⡣
ҶȻִܵ˼ţһʱҲȣҶ粢Ƕȫġ
½Ԫ״ӽԷȥ˹˾·ϻ˳վ϶꺢õߺͱƷ͵˽Է
°ǰ½ԪͻȻӵ½үӵĵ绰˵Ҫϻլһˡ
½ԪҲкþûȥүˣʰ깤լ
һ࣬үүѸٶ񻯣֮ǰ½Ԫÿܶεʱȥʱ䣬ΪҶ£½Ԫжʱûлլˡ
үù֮үתͷֽһƬŵ½ԪǰƬ϶һһƯŮӣ滹ǵĻϢܣΧѧٵ١
½ԪҪٲ²үӵͼǿ̫޶ˣƬ˵үү
տڣүӾִ˵Щæ˽ѡģòƷжأ㿴ûкԵģԼһҲСˣŸӣܸиŮչһµġ
үүƻ飬½Ԫ׺Σ˵үү㿴ڲҲͦ𣿡
֪㻹磬ѾˣӦҲоˣѾϲˣαطҪһϵ
һϲ½Ԫ̾Ϣ˵
½үҡҡͷͿ˼˵ҵԽԽˣָϾҲѲˣүүһδ˵Ըϣ֮ǰܿ飬ӵԼĺӡ
Ҷҵĺӡ½Ԫү˵
չģˣ֪Լ֮ѱ᲻ٸһġ͵үү⽨ͳһһнľ˵˼ɡ½үӼ̲ɿڣֻûһķʽ˵
үүԼӵġ½Ԫױ˵Ǳ߸һ޷ѹֵϲá
½үһ˲ʵǸӣ
½ԪʣԭүүͲµˣ
үź˵Ҳֻǲ²⣬ϧȴûлԿǺһۡÿһӣҶܾˡ
ô죿үʵȻ½ҵĺӣ϶Ҫڵġ
½ԪЦŻش˵ǵȻҴȢҶ磬ҶȻͳҵĶˡ
Ҷ½Ԫ׵Ӱ̫ˣүǲͬ½ԪȢģڿȴˡ
ү룬ûٷԣ˵ϾҪˣʱĸլɡ
²С½Ԫ׿ЦһӸղҶԼļƿǲͬ½լġ
үüͷ
½Ԫ׽˵һߺӣһֱҶУټҶҳúүүϳ֮ǰŻһپܾҶٴν֮ǰҲˡԣֻίүүȿƬˡ
½Ԫױ˵Լֻݸүӣ½үӱЩĻϵǸС˶ʱȴҲ
үү㿴ҶƬ˶˵ҳú񣬿ҸദôãȴǺ֪
үĻϺӵüۣ˵̫ˣСʱֱһģһ
үӺܾûôĹˣ½Ԫ̲סлҶ磺ллӣллչ˵ôá
 

151Ը

ũ꽫˳ԽԽ֮ǰFҶûܹôϲķΧټ½Ԫ׺½үԴԴϵ˶˷
ϷԽԽ࣬ͷ˸ָߣʣĹˣĵطûˡ
Ҷӽеǰʵ֪ʵﻹһЩһĺӣûаְ۰ǣһҲ·ߣú࡭ԣǿ԰Ѷ͸𣿡
Ҷͷ룬ʵ˵סڸԺЩС𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷЩҶȻ֪ԺҶܿԼ˵˽͡
ְǰСȥģܵܣҸ˵ĺÿġûаְ裬ûдס
ҶҶСӵԣߴߴ˵׶԰飬ʡҶٽˡ
һСߵҶǰ˵裬ǿ԰ǵ·߻кóԵĶһǰְǲֵܷġ
͵ĺӣǶռǿʱҶҶСѷҶο
ȻһòϣҶ½Ԫ׽úܺá
§ӣÿ˵һ
һºСѾԾʰԼĶʼҶվſڿææָ̳绰ЩСӵߺ·
ڶһ磬𴲣Ҷһȥ˸Ժ
ܺãųܸоͷů̫
˵˸Ժ֮󣬺ܿһȺΧ˹֮վһԶĵطǣǰա
Ҫ£ǽǸġ
ҶԺʦкźöӣȻӰ·߶ַȥ
Сǲû뿪վһĿҶҶмĽֺ档
ҶĶҶҶȥСһ棬ҶҶЩ߹ȥСѴкеӴĹǵ֣Һܿͱ˴Ϥ
ҶܿСǴһƬҶվȺһӣС˵һϷʱҲûоܾ
Ҷ
ȺͻȻ˺Ҷһ۶峺
Ҷ糯ķ˹ȥһŷɫȹӵСŮͷϴһñپ£üۺ鶯Ưֻ飬ϲ
ҶקקҶ˵ޣҲԺˡ
Ҷл˵ǰֺһ
׶԰Ҷ޹ϵر졪ʵϣҶ׶԰ͬѧ졣֪Լʲô£˹ȥ
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ε˵ԲϴӦվ֤ģ㲻Ұɣ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ϱһƴСĿͷ淭һͨȻóһŰװǹݸҶ˵͸㣬㲻ҪѹˣҲûаְֵģܰң˵ѹʱ򣬳ԿǾͺãǲܾԣҪݻỵġ
Ҷ˵Լʵаְֵģ޾ͱԶһ˸ˣǰӲǰǿǹ
Ҷǹüʳ
Ҷһֱվ󣬸ղ˵ֺ𡱡Ҳûаְ֡ȣԺȻϴҶܵ¡
ʱѯɺ;ʱ½Ԫ׸˹ȥѵлʲô飿
ҶҶǰʵ裬ϴ׶԰㵽Ϊʲô˴ܵģ𣿡
ҪѡҶֲ
Ҷ۾Ĭ˺һ˵ûְֵҰ֣ҲŴǵġұڵֻˣ½ȥҽԺѾˡ
ҶһϣҶֿ˿Ҷһɫ⣬³ģϸϲ
۵ذҶ§ԹԼҶǰһֱر̸ְۡ֡ʣ˲ᣬǻΪҶͥͬЦҶҲ˺˼룬֪Լʵ࣬ҶĳɳǺ»ǻ¡
оҶС˵ûϵģ½ȥ׶԰ʦ˵ҵİְ֣Ȼҵ˶ҵǸء
ϲ½𣿡Ҷĺʵ
šҶſļϵ˵ͷȻҶоõ
裬ҿһԸ𣿡ҶͻȻʵ
Ҷ˵ȻԡǰFʱÿҶһԸȻڽһɡ
Ҷԥһ˲˵½һ꣬𣿡
˵һԲӣְ軹ҶһһԲꡣ
Ҷ㶣û뵽ҶҪ
Ȳ˵ٸ½Ԫͬһദģͬˣ½ԪҲδؾͻӦ½Ԫ׼ﻹһүүȻҪ˹ġ
裿Ҷ˺þҲûش𣬲ɺһ
Ҷعľܾ޴ӴӦ
ԥŸôҶͣͻȻ֮伷һС˶ҶЦ˵ҲҪ
Ҷ类ϣ㱻Ҷ˵ڵأһҶĶͷ˵Ƥôȥˣ
ˣʦȥȥˡҶش
ҶԶһۣԭǸҲǡ֯˰ʿСů
Ҷһһ˵ǾȻȥɡ
رҶ⣬Ҫ롣
Сѵ˵ͷҶ˳
˾ųسؼҵ·ȥҶһֱŴ⣬˵ǿǹİװҲ߬Ͱ͵ġ
ԼصķʽĲʧ䡣
Ҷͷ۵һƬۡ
Ϊ˽ҶСȱٸԭͿǷôôʧ䣿
̾˿ҶԴ˵Ӧ㣬ȥ֮½Ԫ״绰Ǽ꣬費ҿ϶᲻
Үְֿ϶ӦģһԵҶȻ
Ҷ۾ҲȾЦ⣬еΪԼղŵıŤе˼С˵лл衣
ҶҲЦ½ԪΪΪܵί
ǱʶҲ½ԪӦûӦġ
ǣصԺҶ㵽鷿ͨ½Ԫ׵ĵ绰ʱ
ǸӺ᲻㣬ڵʱһҶµ˵
ԡ½Ԫ״Ӧĺܸɴ࣬һȴ˵ҪӦһ
֮ǰ˭һֱﲻߵģڵˡ
ҶȻգȴƽʵʲô
½Ԫ˵벻ڵʱǣƽʱҲԸסһ𡣡
½Ԫ׻䣬ҶžһҶ˵绰ǵôߣ
 

152½ܲõĺڷ

Ҷ鷿ʱҶҶСΧ˹
裬ְ˵ʲôʱҶͷʵ
ҶҲʣϾǳϦҹˣ½һҹ𣿡
Ҷ翴ε񣬡½Ԫײˡ仰վû˵ڡ
һ˵˵ȷʲôʱٴ
Ϊֵܹ꣬Ӧ½Ԫ׵Ҫˡ׷ӱ½Ԫ׵ģҷܶࡣ
˵꣬Ҷ̾˿ܾԴӻعʧˡ
һߵ½Ԫ׿űҶҶϵֻҲε̾˿
Ҫ׷Ҷ磬صԶ
룬ֻ΢ţ㿪һϵ˷Ϣ
ҶҶ·ƵģһظҶǿ˵һҪ½ԪǹϦҹ
Ҷ֤½Ԫһź˯Сӡ
Ҷƣڴϣ˯ǰϰԵطֻͻȻ΢δϢ㿪֮󣬷һİϵˣ֮ǰûϵ
ԷȥԺˣ
Ҷ翴Ϣüעֻдˡˡĸ֡
صǣ
Էܿظϰҽа硣
Ҷ֮ǰ˵˾ǰȷʵһϰѵ󣬴ϵķʽ
ѶԷıעָĳɡϰ硱ȻŻش֮ǰ⣺ȥԺˣҲڣ
緢һͷı顣
ϰҲʮͷôͿʼƣӦǸаĵСӡҶкøУǾ䰢
ȻĵĶǸԺСѡ
ţͻȻѻ⳶½Ԫϣ½ҲȥǼҸԺģҲء
ҶΪ½Ԫͷ󣬲⡣
˭֪ȴ˵½̸𡣡
ٵģҶλظķǳ졣
Ϊʲô㲻ϲֳ˧ϴڷϹ׻ôᡭ½ԪܽŮǶܻӭˡ
Űַ΢ŵ½ܲãͻȻԼղŷ͹ȥĻеᡣ
Ҷ硰ǶǱģʵãĺɲҪƭˡ
½ܲÿҶĻظüⶼ˭˵ģҲ̫˰ɣ
ҿɲ˵ģⶼܣҪȻΪΪʲôģҪôܻôÿأѧڹ֪ɣʱȥˡղŻ˵ĺãû˰ɣûҲ󰡣һܲãҵôæ˵ҪƵμӸַ־ƻᣬؼһиҪûʱ佡ֻᱻˮԽԽ֡Щ־ϵƬȫPSģʵϵ½ܲдġ
Ҷٷɿ죬һֳַɼΣܿ췢˶Է
ˣ½ԪҲȥʣ϶粢ûм½Ԫױˡ½Ԫ׵ֵЩƣڱȻһصĿС
ܽ˵½ԪǸİٷְټˣȱǮ޷ֲΪʲôζ˻飬ʮüûԭ򣡡
½Ԫ׿ڴͷҶ緢΢ţûֻӳȥҵҲôģ
½Ԫ׺ǿ˯Ű˿鸹Ƭ΢
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ǣ鼤½ϵԱֻĬĬޣǲ΢º۵Ϸġ
½Ԫ⿴ŷǵĵתֽһͼð˺ŷҶ΢ϡ
ҶþòظΪǱԼŵˡû뵽һȻԼתһ½Ԫ׵ϰա
ƹ£λεİ˿鸹ۡ
Ƭ½Ԫ׵ĵģҶҧгݵظ˾䣺PģȻתս΢
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½Ԫ΢µ࣬Ҷ۾ԵЩۡ
Ҷػ˯ڴϲЦԭڷۻͦġ
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ǺþûиҶĵôˡ
½Ԫεҡҡͷ¶΢ɾϴ˯
ڶһ磬Ҷ翪ԼСۣ½Ԫװ΢ɾˡֽͼ˵˵PS΢ɾˣָ˵ˡ
Ҷ簵͵֣ðСÿԣ̫ƭˡ
ΪãϳԹҶٸ½Ԫ״绰ƺҲûô尾ˡ
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½ԪЦ˵㵽ſŰɡ
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Σ½Ԫ״ŵǰһӣ͸һŵɣ
 

153³Ϧҹ

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½ԪͷҲһ£Ц˵ְҲ㡣
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½ԪһϲǰͷҲһ£˳㻹ͷ
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Ѿ½ԪлϷ棬һΪҵĶͯϷܰеɡ
ҶûжɴϷֱȻϵ˵ӻǰ
СӲϷġҶ˵߲س½Ԫ׿һۡϷ½Ԫġ
ûǣֻż档Ҷ˵
½ԪҲſһ˵꣬żһҲûϵġ
Ҷ粻ͬصһۣҪ֤һϷĻ½ԪȴһѰڵ̺ϣָĻ˵ʼˣҺҶһ飬Ҷһ顣
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ƺûôֵֿĴЦˡ
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ζܲǱСѹֱ˵ĺóԶˣҶ绹Ǳҭһ¡
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ȴҶ⣬ҹҶʮܰһˡ
䣬ĸ׹ͬÿҹδβɢFûũյģÿڣæΪƱżȻһΣмڿԸҶúù꣬ҶȴͻȻˣҽԺ졣
ÿϦϰ˵㣬׼ʱͥԶ֮һҶһ׳żͥůĸʱٻͷΧĸͷͻȻʲôݺݵײһ¡
ôˣϳԵĶô٣½ԪװѲõзŽҶ˳㿴˿ɫЩǵʵ
ûʲôҶܰҹʱ˶½Ԫ׵ķЦЦ
˶٣ҶʵϾǳϦ㲻լû𣿡
½Ԫָ˲ˣ˵ѾүүкˣңԪɽҲլ꣬ڵĻŲ
һĶԹҲᣬ½ԪɵİְֱϾ½ԪͽģʱҲʮ֪꣬Ƿǣ½Ԫ⻹Ľᡣ
Ҷͷ˵ǾͿ԰ɣ㲻˵ҪҶҶȥ̻Сʱ̫ǻ᰾ס
½Ԫ׷¿ӣֿһɫ˵ɫܲãҪЩϢɣ
Ҷҡͷ˵УǴӦҶҶġ
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ҪʲôҶ͵㿪ˤڵϣڿзСһ
½Ԫջֽ˵ֻ뿴ǲǷˡ
ҶŸоԼ̣ȣķˡ
 

154±ҵ糿

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ҽҩ˸ֶͯҩõҩȴûˡ
ǳϦʱҩ͹ˡҶȥҽԺĻûչˣ¾ҪڳϦҹҶֿˡ
½Ԫ׻Ǿȥ
ӽеǰ˵ˣǾʱͲȥ̻ˣòã
СѶµص˵ͷҶȴ˵УԼڼͿˡҶҶŷ̻ѾܾˣΪԼѹ
ǲһڼģ½Ԫ״˵ڲһ˴һģʲôҪúϢҺܿͻ
½Ԫ׵һ仰˵úǿơ
ҶӡҲ˵ƵĻʱͻСֵĪڰְ趼Լߣ˶赱ʱ˵Ļǵʮ
ѵõûзֻСһ䣺˭һˣ
½ԪЦЦתȥϴּʪëҶĶͷϣȻС˵ְֳȥ֮͸չ裬Ҫͣظ˵ͻȻ˯ȥˣһҪʱҴ绰Сǵðְֵĵ绰𣿡
Ҷͷ˵ǵáȻ󻹴һ顣
Ҷ֪ӸԼ˵ԼյԹȥĵײܿƵطһЩССĸж
½Ԫ뿪֮Сһûһ˵ŻҲô
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ǵԼʲôʱʧȥʶģҲֻ˯ˣٴѹʱ½Ԫιҩ
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½Ԫȴе˵ֿԣҪ֤Լ侲㱧סҲߵġɲĵһͰһš
ҶһҲ˵Ļŭ˵ͷ
½ԪɿҶ֣ŴҪͻȻԼ˯µĿӾȻҶ˯ϵ˿סˡ
½Ԫʹ£ֲûһĽͷҶ磬޹˵סˣ
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һ㣬һһغҶͷ󣬿µ½Ԫ׷ֿᶼ֪½Ԫǵˡ
´üЩ˿ⲻֳϣҶüǼ
½Ԫû飬þһƺҲ
˾´Ϊһ⣬Ҷֻñ½Ԫף˲ŴӴߵ˲Զղĳԡ
Ҳߵġ½Ԫٴ˵
Ҷһۣûп֪ԼڿͷԶҲӮ½Ԫ׵ġ
ڼ﷭һͨҵһСӡ
ΪʱûãЩ٣˿Щ˯ȹʵصǱȽϺüҶɴ೶Լȹӵ죬˳һһ·ȥ
֮½Ԫϵ˯»ûܸҶķֿҶȴɵѵǰ׺˿ȹӡ
ŷɿܻشϣϱӣȻʹ½Ԫһͷȥ
½Ԫһ˲Ȼͷһ·Ц뿪Ҷҡ
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仰ûκΰοãҶ绹ðѴϵͷȫ˳ȥ
 

155á

ǶʮգһҲ˽ڡ
µҡѡڽ췢УͬʱеĻҶݵǲMVҶֻʱ򣬾Ϳصͣ˿ýĹע㶼ڸϣûйرMV¡
ҶԵؿ˼۾͹ҳ棬ʼظյףš
аȵĶź棬һƵƵ˾Դһں棬ܿģѾ⿪ĽᣬҶҲĲ١
ԶFķLeoҲףҶһһظŴҳȥ
ߵʱ򣬷ֻҶһſɳƴͼ¿˿ʵСأʵֹҶ½ԪҲˡ
Ҷʶ죬˵緹½ʹСؼˣ½緹ء
һҪݳ½ԪǴҶ½үǶˡߵ磬ҪҶҲ԰ߵġ
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Ҷ˵ͷȻ²ߡ
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ˡҶæƴͼƬͷû̧
Ҷ˵ȥ棬ڵֵģͷ㳡кܶĶ
Ҷҡҡͷڼ档
Ҷֱ˵ĸо
ſյӣԱ֣ȷʵúܡһʱ䣬е㲻ϰˡ
ҶͻȻһУһֱܣ½Ԫ׻ǿƵ뵽ҶУѾڲ֪нܣϰˡ
Ҷ緢㶵ļ϶ֻͻȻһרƴͼҶת鷿ӵ绰
绰˼ߴġ
ڿ֡Ҷڽͨ绰ʱ˵
˼Ҳ˾䴺ڿ֣Ȼ˵첻Ǵڣ˽ӴҿMVˣϲġ
ллҶЦŵлMV˳꣬㵱ĵء
˼ڵ绰ͷЦ˵أǼƣһΪĳˣҸղſˣMVܲ
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˺ˣ˵ôء˼ﻹЦ⣬Ȼղڵ٩
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ܳݺصĵӰȻһܲĻᡣ
˼ֲ˵绰֮ǰѾ㱨ˣҲһܺõĻᡣ
Ȼͬˣ˵½ԪҲͬġ
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˼Ǳ߻æ˲ûжģܿҶ˵绰
оϻ˵ʲôʲô仰Ҷǡˣ˼ߴ绰ĹͻȻ͵CP
С㳤ƯɲŮòǼҵ䣡
MVһûУ˵񶼺ģǼϷϷ˰ɣ
Ϸ˵˼ݵúãСãҪɺ𣿡
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ȻżȻһԵۣܿͱCPˢˡţҶϷ顱ܿ΢ѡ
ҶԼ΢΢ڷ񳤷ۣ֮Ļ΢ۡ
ƽʱ΢϶һЩƬڣÿ΢ȫ䵥ȶȣⱧȳŵĻ
Ҷ֮ǰ˽ȦĺڰǱЩáֽŷǲǰѹΧͥ
Ҷʮֿ϶˹ڱ
һý屨MVĹע࣬ķ˿ҲڰŬMVﲢû̫ܾͷЩľͷģרҵһ۾ܿó
û˹ɿһͨͨMVôܻôĲ
ݵMVȻǳŵȥģûҪⲿMV಻ˢһڴǰˡ
˭һٵ
ҶͻȻ˹ɾǿԷϳȦƫԸҪȦҪߵ߷壬ҪĿ
ܶԷϳȦǳʲôĿģԸģ
 

156

ʵҶΪϵŶգ¼һҲܿա
²ǵŶӸģ֪Ҷ米½Ԫ׳֮ͶҶ֮ôܳʲôŴ½Ԫ׵ùͷ
ҶԶŶ˵״ԭɱܱӡĲַ˿ܵҶ΢áҲ˵ˡ
ƽһΣе˿̫
ǵھƵʱΣʮֺ½Ԫ׻շתͨ˼Ҫ½Ԫĵ绰ͨϵ½Ԫס
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½Ԫլүӳ緹յϢʱ򣬷Լ籦ˣȻֱƵʼеڵҶȦľˡ
Ե绰ͷĵ˵֪ĻûиҴ绰Ļˡ
εӦøϴκҶͬһˣôãȴʼղ鲻ʲô
ԷֻǵҶȦ⻹˵ԷĿġ
˶٣½Ԫ˵Ȼᷢţʱϵ㣬ϣһ¡
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½Ԫ׹Ҷϵ绰ָ˹ȥԸ˵عӴÿһ˶һ飬ҵҪ˭ڱµĺ֡
ܶԷʲôĿģֻҪڣκ˺
ʮңռ֤ݣҶ羭˵ݣ˵ŵУƽ̨ϵҥѾӰ쵽ҶҪ󼸸ӰϴӪż˿Ǹ򣬷Ժ
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½Ԫ׿Ϣε̾˿
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뵽½ԪڷϵǶαףҲɲ롣
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ϾЩֺõ£ò취ȥ½ܲÿʵء
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һ־ƵսϢˣһҶ½Ԫ׵İȴ
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ԣΨֱ˲˵Ĺϵ
֮ǰ绰ο˵Ҫϵԣ˾ܿܽû˵İ취Ҫַʽ
Ҷ绰½Ԫףſȴһ춯漴ű˴򿪣½ԪױҶ˽
ҶüʵĶԿף뵽׷ӱ½Ԫ׵ģһѱԿ׼ֱҪ̫򵥡
½Ԫȴֳ̧˸ƣҶŷҶѾ˯ˡ
֪ʲôȻٸ͡½Ԫ˵꣬Ҷ˺ǵҡ
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㷢΢ʲô˼Ҷʵ
½Ԫ̾˵˵ȣ᲻ţ
Ҷֱðۻظ
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֪˵ذ취½Ԫ׼˵ûĸ취ֱӸһݵġݺɽصݵĵӰԱúõݼ³Ҳ˵΢ȡ
Ҷ֪½Ԫ˵Ķʵ½ϵı鷳ٺܶ࣬ȦͼҲ˳ǣǼٰ磬Ҳٸ½Ԫ׳Ĺϵˡ
΢Ѿȥˣʱ½ԪɾͣҲû˻ˡ
Ҷؿ½Ԫһۣ϶ǹģ⡰ݺࡱòܣǰ
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ô鷳½Ԫ״󷽵ػӻ˵ٰĹУʲôٶоʱͣҲǿġ
Ҷ粻鲻Ըص˵ͷܾԼ½ԪںõĿ
 

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ҶԼԾɹŮǲϣȻԼǰȥֵҲҪһεġ
ʱѾˣ½Ԫ׵ͷʹ˯½ԪȴͻȻס
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Ϊʹൽҹ˯ŵķϣҶ룬ǰο˵Ȼ㵱Ϊ˵ĸţȫĴȻĲΣĻܳĴһܵ⣬Ӧþͻԭˡ
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½ԪһΪλʦֱԣ飬֫ȵȷѵ
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˵ô϶½ԪѾ֪ˣ⼸꣬һֱĴ㣬Ϊ
ˣҶ˵˵ˣ˵˵ɣ⼸ô
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Ӽ棿ҶͻȻʵ˭Ӽ棿ŲײĲ
˭ģȻӺ½Ԫ׵ˡܳ粻Ϊ˵
˵꣬ŷҶɫԣɽʵôˣ˵ˣӼ£Ҷ֪ɣ
ܳͻȻеޣĴҽĿɾҪˡ
˵½Ԫ֪ҶĶӣҶҲ΢΢
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Ҷ³ʱ򣬱Űһ򣬲ˤ˾æ³ȥҶȴײײ½Ԫ׵ĳȥ
½ԪںӾ￴Ҷ磬æѳͣһߣ³ӭǰʵôˣɫܲûʲôѪɫ
Ҷ̧ۿʵ֪ҶĶˣԲԣ
ԣ½ԪüûҪԶ£ҲûҶô֪
ʱ˾Ҳ׷˹½Ԫ׳˾ʹ˸ɫʾ˾ȰҶҶ¥
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ҶԼһҲԾԳЦЦȻ֪ˡΪʲôҪңʲôƻһңһҶǰˢøУȻ߶ߣ
ҶԽ˵Խһ뵽ֿܣ˫־ק½Ԫ׵½ֱ¶
½Ԫ̾ϢһְҶȭͷס˵ҲҪҶ˵ˣ׷㣬һжֻ׷㡣
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ҳ֪ҶҶӵʱҺܿģҽӽ㲢ΪҪѡһĻҵѡǰһԶ㡣
ҲšҶҡͷշŲȻĳ졣
½Ԫɿ֣˶˻侲һ㣡ҶģԶұ֤ңǲġ
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Ҷȴ͵ƿ˵ˣѾûˡ
˶٣ּ˵ȻҶϣǾͷĸ뿪ɡ
ʵ½ԪײҲ½ԪסǻĳУڹȥͬʱҲֻԶ½Ԫףţ½ԪײҶ
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һʻĦгײ½ԪԺﳤȥûм١
½Ԫ׻ѹҶϡ
½Ԫף½ԪףҶ½˼ȴһ˹ȥ
ղһз̫죬ʱ½ԪԶվֻХķȴûпײ½Ԫ˵زء
Сش½ԪŲ»ΪԼȹ󣬼ơԶСıԣҴҳ˹
ҶоԼҪͣˣſ½Ԫߣһ̸ִһУһߺ½ԪףѰҪҡ
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½ԪͻȻЦ˵ң㿴Ǳŵˣ
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ղжൣģжߣҪߣȴ½Ԫ׵
½Ԫ׶ϻ˵ع֮Ǽ춼нӴǲҪҶųҲΪҶΪ㲻㻹ϲҡ
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ǵģĶӡȻã½Ԫƺ˵ġ
½Ԫ׿Ҷ뿪ıӰЦһȻһߵı˵鷳һ£еվ
һæǰһַĸ첲һĺ󱳣˴ӵϷվ
½ԪƺԼվջԼ֣ȴƳĲһĨ졣
ˣѪˡ½Ԫ׵ĺ󱳿һۣɫװʹѪȾҲ
½ԪʿЦЦ˵û£лл
ȥҽԺɣ߰120һĵʵ
ˣѾڸҴ绰Ϳˡ½Ԫٴεл˵ԼֻƤˣ뿪
½Ԫײͨܳĵ绰ȥҽԺܳæӦãܿ쿪˹ֻڿ½Ԫ׵ʱЩ顣
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159Ծ

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½Ԫ׻լˣ
Ҷ̨˼ˣ侲ʱٴλſڵ¹ʣͻȻĦгǳײġ
½Ԫ׵ʱķӦ̫ԣʼնûվˡ
ʶ㣬ҶͻȻھ½Ԫ׿Ϊˣȴһ˶˴ſڡ
Ҷ½Ԫ״绰óֻͻȻԥ˵ԼְͰ͵ǰ绰
˼תߵӵңſڣյһʵСְֻûлҪ绰𣿡
ҶҶڴͷսҶͣһͷҶһ˵ְֿæÿλؼҶ費õĵġ
˵꣬ҶͷҶ˹ȥ˿ûҪ½Ԫ״绰˼
ҶתҶʵҶҪ½绰컹𣿡
ҶɴͷûأڸҶͷļ϶ش˵½϶ġ
ƽʱ߶ְ֣һ½컹᲻ˡˣϵתԡ
Ҷ类ӷֱҭһأſ鷿Լͨ½Ԫ׵ĵ绰
绰˺һŽͨҶ绹ûڣ½Ԫ׵ͳʹլͻȻе£ҾͲȥˡ첻Ҫ¼ԾƵһ֮ǰȥġ
ҶҪ¼ԾƵ
ԭҪȥֳԵģǣڼɽеȲǸΪƵԾָƬΣñŮԱ¼Ƶͳһ͡
ޣǸǻû˰ɣҶɰͰ͵һȻµʵ
绰ͷĬһŻش˵û£Ħгûײҡ˵½ԪЦһ˵ͺҰ
½Ԫ׵ЦҶŷûз½Ԫ׵ĻȷʵԭǣΪ½ԪΪˡ
ڶһ磬½Ԫ׹Ȼػص˽Է·ʲôҲûƵĺҶкҶȴЩΡ
Ĺ۲½Ԫ׵ˣֲûв׵ĵطų˿Сټ֮󣬾ȥʵѵҡ
ɽѡƬΣҶһͱݹ¼ʱʮ˳
Ƭų̂ʣһŮİᣬٿĪ磬һʼίʹ͵ľͲʡ
ҶõԾĿʱ򣬻ڸп֪㲻ǲе£İᣬٿĪ硱£ǡ
ͷǰҶԼ»صǰصļװϣ½Ԫ״Ҵҳһۣ˺Ƚ壬ȻߵǰסĲӡ
ػ½Ԫ׷Ը±ڰʱŨľ
ҶԼ뵽ȥݼһǳɣһ̣ԺȴͻȻֳ½ԪΪ˾˵ڵصĻ档
Ǹ鿴̫ԡӰǰҶһλڿʦź˵Ҷ֮ǰʮ־ʣɽβǸȴԵЩࡣ
һλʦȴͬҡҡͷҵûã籾ŮȻΪˣʧϾమʱ𵱳ɽ˺ģȻɶԷģֶԹȥԼĻɣҲ
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ִʦ˵ͷȻһĿ⿴Ҷ硣
Ҷ类˿㶣˵ҾѾˣǾҪĹķء
Ҳһ̣òԼòϣȷʵж½Ԫ׵
Ǿͱ汾ȷŮʦοؿҶ˵ĺ츳ֻҪõƷܿո¶ͷǵġ
лллл⼸ҵĸҶǰλʱʦһ
ΪʲôԭѵõĴڼڼ䣬ͼ˵ž̵ԼҶǸж
Ծ¼񷢸֮Ҷͼλʦ뿪ʡҶ˵ݽͣʱͻȻоڸŲ͵ػͷȴӰû
ײĦгҶ
˾ûԼʡΪǴڼ䣬칫¥µͣﳵ٣ԿտɿѸϳš
ѵıɱ
ҶѾ궼ûлعˣҶĸŮʵ벻ԼʲôˡĽ֪Ҷ֮󣬲þɱˣҲҶҲܶ֡Ҫı˵˭أ
Ҷһ߷һСĵܿ
ʱͻȻһӰߵǰҶһֱײ˹ȥãܿϳǰˡ
ǰ½ԪǸˣ̡
̳ؿһۣȻԶһҶʻ⣬ҲһֱԶظš
Ӿһۣվװʲô֪ԼֱƽصС
 

160¶ѡһ

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ݼͤŽʱ򣬱ŨҵζǺÿһ߿ԣһ߹ȥѷĴȫ򿪣ȻŴⴭ˺üŽֹסԡ
ͤǰ̻Ҹףص˵̳еװ
ɽظûƵģͷҲ̧һֱȿһԾ¼񣬲վ˸ش˵Ϊƽʱôġ
ͤƵҡҡͷ緹һһںɽǰƳ۵ƷɣʵŮǶˣ
ɽÿӵֶ˶٣Ȼѵתͤ˵ãѡһҿ
ɽæһҹһƵݣЩԥɴøͤԼ
ãȳԷ඼ˡͤӹԣ˼ߺҶƵļ
˼ߵԾͤԾȻѾ˾һҪǣԵʱǳģϧʱҲǶѡһܸһλŮԱ
һҶ磬ͤüûȦ֣ӦǸˡ
ͤһߵɳϿԾƵɽڱϳԷȼͤ꣬ɽҲ־ưذ緹ˡ
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˵ıݶȦɵ㣬˼ߵĸӳһ㡣ͤʮпϵ˵
ɽһֱ˵Ǹ˱ݸ˼߱ȻۣúĻһʡ
ͤЦ̾˿ⲻѾѡ𣿻Ҫҽʲô
ɽ˵Ҳеò׼
ֳͤƵ˿һۣ˵׿ݼⲿ籾ŮǹϵˣҾãϿǸ˺һ㡣
ԣɽؼһƣǾͶˣȥϵ
ΪҪѡŮˡĿʱ˼졣ԴҶ罻ԾƵ֮󣬾һֱڼҵȽ
ȻԾɹ̫ϣϾҲԼһԾӰܻеΡ
˵Ƕ֪ԼԾɹʱ򣬲ϲɫﻶ
ڿƬҶҶؿһۣȻ֪Ϊʲô¿ģǱȾҲɳһһҶ绶һСһͨ
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ң뿪֮չ˺ӵѡ½Ԫף½ԪƺæôԷˡ
Դϴ½Ԫ֮֮ദЩ΢½Ԫ׵ûʲôֵԺͶȴϸоһ޵֪ܲ½Ԫ׻᲻չ˺ӵĻᣬʲôֵҪ󡭡
˿̵½Ԫ½լС½εȻӹܹ˾顣
֮ûڽԷޣһǹ˾ȷʵЩҪţΪˣסһᱻҶ翴ߡ
ȻˣҶھΣԶӴҶĻ½ԪͻȻʼȷȷҶǷи顣
ھκ͸мЩðò⣬ϲҶ磬ҲϲΣԼ顣
ⲢҪҶ硣˼ǰСԼһʱĹ˾һиʱ;ȥԼҶĹϵ
½εȻȻ֧Լֶ׷氮˾ȴǲԸġ
½εȻεЦЦǸҲ֪ҾǸģûʲôͷԣѹ˾һ᲻̫Ϸˣ
½Ԫ˵˾ڣʲôҲõģֻðʱȥ˾ǩǩļССС͸үүߣ˵ԼûоͷԣҲ̫ԷƱ˰ɡ
ǣһҪ컭չ
½εȻĻ˵һ룬½ԪͻȻ˵С壬˵иŮһֱڴݡ
½εȻɫһ䣬˵ãҴӦ㣬һܰҵй¶ȥ
á½ԪЦЦһС֧ġ
֪˴Сʱ½ԪҲ⣬ʼΪСʲôҪСĽص֮󣬲֪Сµķծ
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161¾ϲϲ

ۿʱԽԽ½ԪڸҶ뿪ǰһ죬˽Է
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½Ԫ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵лңҶҵĶӣչҵ񡣡
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½Ԫײ֪ڿС˵Щʲô˷ܵػҶһ䣺ְ֣ˣ
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СѾһ䣬ȿ˳ȥҶվſֳڿһۣ½ԪҲ֪ĶȥˣȻ϶ûӰԭЩҪء
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ΪʲôǰҲҪһҶʣΪ᲻þҪ޳ˣ
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ԣҶҲŲ˵ְ˵Խ벻ͻġ
Ǿ;ڿ𣿡Ҷʵ
ûЦ̧ͷ½Ԫס
½Ԫεӣȷʵûϲ
ʱ̽˵ʱеǸóˡ
Ҷ翴˵Сͽһۣתĳӣع˳š
ɵۣԼܲѵñµӣûסЦ
ӻȥ½Ԫ״ҶҶԱߵһظȥ
һֱϷɻҶ綼û½Ԫ׺˵һ仰
½ԪҶҶߵ䣬СѿʼҶһȡ
չۺӣҶܿԭСͽǶ½ԪȴȻ۶һ
ͷȲĿ˲࣬һλԣˣͬؿ½ԪһۣӢʵǸİ˳𣿡
½Ԫεص˵ͷ
ֳҶķ˿Ц˵ƯŮƢܴ󡣡
½ԪҲЦЦӢĻظͬ
Ҷ󣬿½Ԫ׺Ǹ˵̸üͷԽԽ浱Ӣأ
 

162Զ

˷ɻСͳȡ˵½ԪҶȥ˾鶨ľƵꡣ
½ԪԶ䵱ҶʱסǵҶ׷ʱ½Ԫȴû뿪˼
Ҷһʵ㲻ȥס𣿡ƽʱϷæӿ϶Ҫ½ԪߵģڷɻϵʱѾˣ
ҾƵķѾˡ½Ԫһػش˵
ҶüȥľƵ갡
½Ԫ׷ʵôԶ𣿡
Ҷȷʵ᲻ãϷʱţ˵ɽػһʮϲѹեԱϽȵĵݡеʱޣչ֮һʱ俴ǣСȷʵۡ
Ҷֻ̣Ĭ½Ԫ״źסķ䡣
½ԪþƵ緹ͽ˷ĸ˻ûʼ̺Сʹˡ
ǷźҶҾƵķѾˣǾ˵ҾƵѾˣҪĻֻȥľƵ꿴ˡ
Сɻ̧ͷʵ½ܲѾǰס𣿡Ƶ·ϣ½ܾʹ绰߹Ƿš
ҶŤͷ½Ԫףղ˵ƭ
½Ԫεɼ磬˵ǾķһԤõģҸղŰסʱҾƵȷʵֻʣ䷿ˣ̺СҪͽչ㣬ֿܸסҾͰ䷿ˡ
ֲ˵Ҫסһ𣬹ķҶǣƭ㣬ţԴ绰ȥǰ̨ʵ
ҶͻȻЩ˼Լе̫ˡ
½ԪȴЦЦЦݰݶֳ硣
̺С֮˳ȥҶҶڲǰһĲԡҶһҶˡŻ˵ע⡣
ãǾͿʼԷ½ԪҶҶм䣬ʼСѲˡ
Ҷ֮ǰ˿һۣԼѾʧˡ
ҶҶ𴲱ƽʱһСʱڷɻϵʱͿʼ˯ֲͣشǷҶڿ˻ʳźϴ˯
˯ţֻʣҶ½Ԫ˵ʱǰҶܵоˡ
½Ԫʲô˵ʲôҲûֻһԿĿˮ
ҶȴͷƤ飬ſڼʱһ
Ҷȥţ˼Цվſڣģ˵ˣˡ
˶٣˼߳ڿһۣһüëʵôſڶôϣҽȥǽݲؽ˰ɣ
Ҷζε˵ͱЦˣȥķİɣ
˼ƳһſڵʿƤЬ˵Ҳã˸һ֦պһˡ
Ҷ΢Щ˼һ֡׽顱˵ĸоתһ룬½ԪѾ⹫ŮѹϵȻǼٵģ½Ԫ֮Ҳˡ
˼ߵķҶ¥㣬ɹܺãվ̨ϿԿĴ󺣡˸ɴֱ̨ĵ̺ϣ֦߳ġ
˼԰˿֦ݸҶ磺ûϲõˡŮأõʱһûصԾǵ£ҪɾͰûˡ
Ҷְ֦ԽЦ˵Уðˡ
ﺬű֦뿿̨ϣ͸ķ⣬ֻúþûôˡ
˼ҲЦЦⲨĺ濴˹ȥ˵УʱȷʵʵȴҪˣ͵͵Ծ¼ȷʵ츳
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ʵϣΪŮһԾΡ
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Ҷ֦һ٣Ҳ֪µġ
Ҫݼ˼߿϶Ҫʤõɫ˵ȴ˼߻᲻Ϊڹɫ
Ҷ֦΢΢ս˼ߵ˺ѣΪӰ쵽˵ĸ顣
֪㲻֪˼ͻȻЦҸ˵ЩɲģѡɫǵģǺصˣ˭Ҳ
˵ţЦ⣺֪˶ĵطǷҲ࣬Ȧҽ׿ڸ£ǲԺµǰ£ĸ顣ҪסҶԾĽ⣬ѡ㻹ѡҶܿġ
˼˵̹ʣ̸ԼԾѡ£Ҳ󷽣ûн黳ı顣
ҶϲԸ̲סǰһӵ˵֪ģԺ۷ʲô£Ҷġ
 

163ǺŻ

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ⲿҪУŮԵԼŮԵķʷӰ졣Ԣأʷ磬ʷ
ݾһŵԱнʣĸߴ࣬дš˼ھŮŮͬĸĽ㣬ȻǸǣҪ飬һϷݻҪࡣ
ϯҺܿǽʣΪʮţҪǵڶ컹Ҫٰ쿪ʽҪŴȥKTVһ
ɢϯʱҹѾˡҶڷҲ˼ƣصƵʱǡþͷԴЩΡ
˼ڵݿڵ𣬸ͷ˷䡣
ֻܰпһյƣӦѾ˯ˡԺɳϣȻƾϴ˯
žડһĵͻȻ˴򿪣ҶŤͷȥֻ½Ԫһʲô˹
ǰѾȵ˯ɡ½ԪװŽߵĴݸ
Ҷͷεܣؽ˹һȫȥ
ѿ˵ǰĲ輸ϣҶֳһԵ½Ԫ׿˹ȥʵһ½ϼŵܲãʲôãΪʲôҪΪЩ£ҪʲôòΪʲôҪܣ
½ԪǰһҶƽػش˵Ϊϲ㰡
˴ʱúܽҶ綨ؿգգۣͻȻس½Ԫ׿˹ȥ
˫ԽԽı½Ԫһ˿ϲҶ˹ȥҶȴһƿԴűߵͰ
½Ԫ׵ϲΣ彩һ˲εˮڡ
Ҷ;ѶˣԼղžȻʹز½ԪףﲻҲЩΡ
һԵͰһۡüʱ˳Լղſ϶ǺȶˣˣŻҪ½Ԫס
Ǹһ翪ȥϴϴ˯ˡҶ򶨵Լķ䡣
½Ԫ׿ҶıӰͻȻЦԼ񣬿Ҫصƿˡ
ڶһ磬ҶͼҪԱһȥμӿʽĻбƬˡ
ʽһСͼ߻ᣬɽý岢࣬ڴʵʱ̨ɽʵ˵ⲿϷһʼŮǲҶ磬һλŮԱʺصһλŮԱȣ˭ɫһ㣿
ݼͤ⣬¾üͷ̫񣬻شвͻΪͷõ֡
ص鷳ý屾Ͳ࣬Ҷȴкģȴǻ˼Ψ²۵ġ
ͤ΢΢ҡͷʾɽȥҪش⡣
ɽȴת泯˵Ȼ֪ⲿϷһʼŮ˭ǿ϶Ҳ֪ҵϷȥʲôĲϷӦûͬһʱӳʱƱڱȻ֪˭ɫˡ
ýһⲻǳս궯յڶ
ͤε̾˿ãҪͷˡ
ʵ֤ͤĲڶصǷȻͷ档
ɽؿеǸŮԱ磬ҶҲͷԭҶСûӰ󼶱Ტ۵ģΪɽصǶλڽ󳤴üʱʱͬһУýҵرȽϡ
ɽعȻעЧʣ翪ʽ֮ʼ㡣
ҪĵĳζҶϷݣԹ緹ȥױһױΪǹŴ磬һСʱŻױͷϷĹŴΡ
ȹڴӻױҳʱǰһ־޵ĸоɽھͷǰ˵˺üá
ҶǶ쵰پ¶壬ϾЧܺã⸱ױҲʮʺȹǳʱ򣬿ŽŮ̬
½ԪҲΧ۵ȺУ۾ֱֱضҶ磬޲ھͰؽ˭ҲҲ֪ҶֻĽ˿ȸ
һԵҶ𾪵ءۡһ˵贩ĺ֣ǺƯ
šҶʮͬص˵ͷ
ҶĳܾޣɵվǰʽݵʱȴһδαɽؽͣNGϡ
ĸ鲻ԣԼᣬôǹƵأİˣ˶̸𣿻нʣˣһֻԼݡ
NGҶܵ䣬ԵĽʲ˼˵Բ𣬺һѵ
ûµģЦųգգ۾Ͱѣһ顣
Ҷͷ˿
ٴδ忪ʼ֮ҶŸ½Ԫ׶ǰΣǸõʱ뵱ʱ飬ǰĽҲƺ½ԪףճյЦĵس䣬ֽ
عɽǰļ˵ͷϷĹˡ
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ղԺΪŻô᣿
½Ԫ׵һһ¼ٵܾûΪһĹˡ
½壬½壡
Ϊ̫Ͷ룬Ҷ½ԪײŻع
ʵôˣ
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ȷʵѾܾˣ½Ԫױ˵ò˼ʹȥ
˵ֻ꣬ͷҶķһۣСԱչ˵ĺܵһֱҶһҶ뿪Ƭ
 

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ˡҶһһ˫Ь˹
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Ҷɻӵķ񣬻Ь˲裬ȻϷүƵıСѷ֣͵ɳ¡
ʱ½ԪΧӡŶèΧȹӳ˳һֻﻹһѹ
½Ԫվڳſ˵Ͼͺˣȥϴˮ衣
ϴ裬ϴ衣ҲŸͣæҶȥҵϴּ䡣
ҶһԼֻþˡ
ӵķҲ˵½Ԫ֮ǰҲڴģɽ죬õ½ܲãȴһͥһΧСΧȹ
ɵϴþȴڼ
ѾںĲһϲԵġ
Сѽ쳣ɣ֮󣬰سԷһҲûƽʱĵƤදͣظвˣתͷ½ԪҲʢ
һСġġ£ҶԶˡ
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̫ԾˣҶƤֱܾˣҲĺӣȥϴ롣
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˵꣬½Ԫת˳ϴ룬Ҷü֮Լҡ˸ʲôǲȶɡ
ҶϷݲأЩŮʱ̸˵ĳ㲻ۣڴҲû⣬½Ԫϴ˯
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˵½Ԫ׾Ȼסֱ֣˴
ҪʲôҶԼ֣Ӵںڰоض½Ԫס
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ڣԼЩ׵½ԪõȵǷǳ˵徫ᵽĿ֡
½ԪͣһԶĵطûжһͻȻʵͽݶϷʱԺ˭
Ҷش˭ʲôϵͶˡ
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һ仰½Ԫ˵úƶ
ǣȷʵϲ
ʱҶҲԼԼҶ磬㿴½Ԫһδζôã˵꣬˵ϲ㰡ҲûǹΪʲôȥһ¿ʼأҶϲֻҪͷǾͻҸֵһĿˡ
½Ԫǰס
ȥ£ͼΣҶԺҵ֣ûз½Ԫ׾
½ԪõͳԴɳƵ˵Ұ㣬پܾ˺òáĺ󾱣Сس˫ȥ
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ҶԺһţԼһ
һ̣һ侲ǵظ˵Ҷ磬ɵˣΪ½Ԫİ𣿾ģݰܳأǰǶʱһģƺ½Ϲøһüͷɰ겻ΪһŮ˲ɱ㡭
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Ҷ粢û˵½ԪǱȥģ˵˳űӻȥĸΪСҵĵذϻźĵ̺Ҷһż½Ԫ׵ûκ˺
ҶٴξܾҲûϴ½ԪףϾҶѾڽ;ܾ֮ԥˡ
 

165ڳԴ

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ͬʱͽҲԽԽ죬żչʱ򣬽ʻȥƺеɫˡ
ڽʺҶԼη֮½Ԫ׾ͿʼÿƬǼƣֱӳһ
ѹҶܾ˽ʵĵ롣
źʼ磬˵˼ûϷ˵Ҫ˼һȥġ
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Ǻðɣ´Լʳָ
ҶıӰȥСĵ㣬ǧýĵˡ
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Ҷٴתͷ½Ԫףӻؼҵʱȴ½ԪڸһŮ顱
ǸŮм࣬ҲǾԱеƫϣļãÿⰼ;ʮǰ͹̡
ں½Ԫ˵ϰĺܽҶĽǶȿȥضҪƵ½Ԫ׻ȥˡ
ʵ½ԪѾмˡ
Ｘ˶֪½Ԫ׵ݣƽʱܵڣÿζЩϺˮַȥĺܺãݶһֻ۱һֻۣھϹ䡣
ôһھȻ˲ŮԱĿ⣬󲿷˶ǵ½Ԫ֮ǰĵ΢ǵҶŮѣʲô뷨Ҳֻ룬Ҷ棬ʲôҲġ
಻£Ŀŵع½Ԫף½ԪҲȻûҪӵ˼
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ȷʵֻǵ˼죬ǼȴһҲҪ֮ǰߵĶ򣬵ƾõĻΪѾͬ߹ء
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಻֪˵ʲôüʲôƣ˳Ļ˵ǸĿĻ㱨ҲӦõġ
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౻Ҷеһѳ˷ھֵͷȥ㾹ȻǮһٶԼ˵㱨ҲӦõġ
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ǰŻ䣬ż뿪Ƭ·һ룬ͻᱻһʮһ
ż뿪ıӰҶٴЦһתͷ½Ԫס½Ԫ׵ʵ̫ˣ޷ԡ
뿪ΪʲôôԼԵһɲǣ½Ԫ׵Լȿ˿ڣ˵Ȼ½ϵֵ㣬ҵ۾Բֹÿʮ򣬲ҵĶ˵㡣
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ںͷ½ԪûҶĻش𣬵ȴֻͨĶ䡣
СȻ׷ʲôҲĪ˷صƵ֮ΧҶҪǱ˷ھ
 

166½Ԫҵ

ҶϷڸһ䣬㳡ʱ˻⡣
ƺ߲٣ԱŷĹŴΣͷ̫Ѿǰܵ
ң̫
һϷҶ¶ҪʪˡԱҲòǶȥ鶼Ҫ̫ɹƵġ
ϢʱСһ̶˵½Ԫġ˵Ϊ̫̫½ԪɹӣûƬ̫á
һ̶¶ǣ˸룬ҶСԱߵ˼Ҳһ룬Сͷֵ˴˼˹ȥ
һ˼룬п˵̫Ҹˣ½ܲöΪϴΪˡ
½Ԫ׻£Ҳ˵ʵΪաʵģǸҪԶ½Ԫ׵壬ȴѾϰദ֮͡
˼ЦЦʵô֪ģ
˼һüëдЩ⣺֪ⲻҸԳˣ̾˿˵ƬȺܴ̼
ҶҲ̾˿˼߸ղŵ˵½Ԫ׾ҪˣҺܿҲҪصˡӵ׶԰Ѿѧˣһ½Ԫ׾͸ô˳ˡ
˼һ
˵ЦһһͿʼˡ
ⳡǡҶͼĶϷҶݵĹԼȻСѾߣΣȻǵйļϸ֮ǰĹӽ̽鱨вʮŭСѾ߶ʡ
ⳡϷҶܼңҪͼ֫һ⡣
ҶѾܹԼܿ뵽ɫˣǴ֮ϵɫ˲˾ŭǰΪƭ
ҶĸܵλǾͷתʱȴʣNG˺üֱҶ纰Щ˻ˣ˳˵Լ̨ʡ
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Ҷ翴ż౻˷ߵıӰЦЦ˵û£һϷȥ׼ɡ
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Ե˼æܻԼĸλ׼
˲ҪߣȴҶ絲ǰ
㡭
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ҶսЦװˣ֪˼Ҫ½ԪһҪһ䣬ҵģֻҪڣԶûлᡣ
Ҷ˵꣬˼ҧ
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Ҷ͵Ļ˵һ룬ͱ½ԪͻȻ˫Ϥ˻ȥ
֮ͥ£ȫ棬ӻվһԿš
Ҷɷ½ԪĻᣬһֱҶо궼ˣ½Ԫײɿ
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ȿȣСͻȻִ˵ݵϾҪʼˣ˵뾡뿪顣
 

167

Ҷ绹ûü½ԪˣѾӻ˳ˡ
ǰָһҪչʳӡĳպܺãó
ÿҶչصƵʱ򣬶ܺȵȵζ½ԪĲ֪Ҫ϶ٱɺȵöˣҶ羹Ȼ½ԪġЩζôõ
ԭζٶѾϰ½Ԫˡ

ûкǵķ䣬տյһ֮ҶӦһ˵
ãƬ˼ߣÿԶϷ˵˵ЦҲܿġ
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ݵĹͨѹѺ֮˼ݵС͵͵˽Сӣպˡ
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½Ԫ׵ͳ˳ŷ촫˽Ҷһž̵˲䰲
 

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ɽ֪ܵ˾ţټϾˣ鶼١
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½Ԫײûиһȥ뿪ʱȴ͸ڣ˵סԺ⼸죬߰ɡ
Ҷ粢ûоֱܾ̿¼ֹܲ⣬ڿΣС
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ΪֵڣǰɨĹ˷ǳ࣬ҶϻһǶĹǰС·ϡ
Ĺزдʮӵ·̣Ҷɴֱ³ӲгĹȥ
·ݵĽѾɫ·Բ֪СҲѾˡҶҶһ·ϲ˲٣˵Ҫ׸⹫š
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ΧͻȻһѹֵĿҶ糯һԿȥһλò毺õŮˣһĹǰ
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ҶЦЦף˵ףմԸ
㼪ԡԷֻܿظĸ֡
ҶֻĻ˿ŮѶҪԭ°ˣԡҪҪҲ½Ԫһ᣿
ǰϣſһƣ½ԪվſʱͻȻЩˡ
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һԵֻȴͻȻ
½Ԫ״ļ̧ͷֻĻϵѿһۡǺɽشġ
üЩɽΪʲôô
˭֪սͨ绰ͨɽؾһ䣺һܸҶϷĽɫ𣿡
Һæ½ԪֱӶָɴؾܾ
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㵽ʲô½Ԫ׳ʵľ籾ɲǵͷôɫ
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½ԪͻȻЦ˵ɽ
 

169ʮ˴

ڶݣҶֻܿصƺУڼ䵹һֱû½Ԫס
󣬵ͻȻһµľ籾˵Ҫ¾籾ľͷ
м籾ҲʱзҶõ籾ʱû̫⡣ǵ籾¿ʱԽԽþ籾⡣
¾籾ľܼ򵥣˵ҶݵĹ·ϣһλݲĽͣȻڽ͵Ļ»عĹ¡
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˼ϷҶһ£һʮ˴ǣ˵õʷ磬Ӳˡ
Ҷ˼룬ûסɽش˵绰
ʵݣҵľ籾ǲôˣ
ûа֮ǰһ⿴ûɽؿ϶˵
Ҿ¾籾ľԭ㣵ĵطԸҲЩǰһ¡
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ϷƻµġҶֵ
ûϵֻݣʣµĽҾˣһҪҡɽشҴææ䣬͹Ҷ˵绰
Ҷ翴ǰ̯ľ籾üͷԽԽ
ΪһְŮԱٲͬ籾Ҫ̨ҲҪġ
ڶһ磬ҶƬױʱ򣬼ǸϷԱ
ԱŹһǸԱĳʱҶ粻ɳԾ۾ǰ˲½Ԫ
½Ԫ׻˹װͼٷһȷַʣĺüŮ۾ֱˡ
ҶȴüϵǱԲС籾ǰʵ籾Ʊдģ½ԪͶⲿӰҪΪɫ
½Ԫ޹ҡҡͷ˵û˵ǶͶʵӰĸ

Ҷһʮ˳ǵľͷռı˰ɣ
ҿԾܾ籾𣿡Ҷʵ
½Ԫ׳ɽصķŬŬ°ͣȥǵݡ
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ʮ˳죬ζÿҪ½ԪΣ⻹NG
ֳЩΣǻ˹ȥ壬ġ
һʼ;˹ҪһǵлȻҪԷһڣҪס꣬Ǿһڡ
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Ҷһȥ½Ԫȫ̱ɫݣ̨˵Ҽһģÿȴ쳣档
ɽؿĻĻ棬סһ졣
һԵĸ²˵ôһɫСӰĸоأ
ͤ㱻ĲǺס
ɽĵ˵ǺЩǮ˵ð
½Ԫĵ籾ȻϲӫĻģʵŮָһĸûëǮϵⶥһǼ¼Ƭר½Ԫ׸ղõġ
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ǣ½Ԫױֵ̫ݼȫ˾籾ҶҲڲ˲ԡ
Ϸʱ峡ģԱͷβֻ½Ԫ׶ûУмü˵̨ʣҲûǣ
ϢʱҶȥ˺ɽأݣҵǩͬʱҪݵľ籾ǡ֪ݵĻ𣿡
ɽؿ۲Զ½ԪףЩƮҶȷ⡣
Ҷε񣬺ɽͻȻ
ԼҶȡ½ԪףЩŮǳɫͶʵʲôЩݣԼȴˡ
ɽһұ֮ͻȻķ֣Ҷ˵Ҳ籾ԭ̫ˣǾĵɣԺĶĵġ
ȻҶļ϶óСȺչ
Ͳˣ֮ǰôŬؽͣɽضΪһ仰˵ľˣ
Ҷһͷˮ
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Ҷ粻֪ɽôȰ˵½Ԫ׷ݡģҲûʲô½ԪҪʵϢ
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½Ԫ뿪֮󣬾ָܿ㣬Ϊ֮ǰʱ䣬ļϷݶЩϡ
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磬չɽԸʣױѡ·
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СʱҶšɽؿʱ۾װ⡣
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½ԪȴͻȻԶ˺Լһ
˾žƱ˹½Ԫ׿ҶıӰһۣ˲両˵òЦ⣬ԼľƱǰӭ˹ȥ
 

171׽飿

㿪½ԪףҶһھƻĴй䡣ǳƷƻᣬɺþ࣬ãҲҶೢ
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˵½Ԫ֮ǣ½ԪײڿԼҲ½Ԫ׺õĶȥ
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Ҷϵ绰˾ԴԽԽãҶҪȥ׽ȥġ˵˵Ĺϵ˵ôˣ
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Ȼ֪½ԪΪʲôһʱͿŮ˿½Ԫ׶Ҷĸ֪ģʱȻҪֵһѵġ
˾Դɤӣֵྭ˵Ȼ͸Ҷ˵½ԪײʢȻ򷢵ĵطȥǧܰ½Ԫ׵ķŸ˭ܸߡ
õģһ½ܵķűܵġǡֵྭԥʵҪԿסϢأͷסǸĲ˵ġ
˾Դ˵εԴ˵Աڿ͹ˣ֮

ֵྭȻվԶȴܿõ˵Ŀ֮ͣǰѵ
ǣֵྭһߴ绰һ߰˵ĻҶ
Ҷ½Ԫȷʵ˾Դȴ֧ߵʱҲ̲סֱߵֵྭǰһѶֻ
ֵྭҪǣͱ졣
绰ͷ˾ԴԹԵ˵ţ˵һϻʱ䡣˵ԪҲǵģ궼ˣôˣ˯СǣñܴʩΪѡ
ҶЦŴ½Ԫ׵ĺֵܡ˯СǣС˯ٵһǶӶҪˣ
 

172ҪҸ

ֵྭǶõ֮Ҷͳ̾СŽ˵ݣݺһ·ҵ½Ԫڵķ䣬÷ŵʱҶֶǶġ
²ʲô棬ڴϽ࣬ǡ
Ե£Ҷ˳ش򿪷ţžͿ붪һʿҵضһţɫˮڵƹºҫۡ
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173ɵ

½ԪҶȥʱ˳Щˮϡ
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ڴ˵˵˵صеѰһڣһԱ͹ԱвɫְҵڣûΪӼڡ
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˼ȻЦҶȴоһǿҵ˸Уǰ˼һӵοԺҲᰤˡ
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ʵϣôһ˲Ҷ㱾ã˼ǴɿԼġ
ƥܿͣ˼Ҳһֱ֣Ҷ类˳ɹشϾ
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½Ԫײ֪Ķ˵Ҷھ˵Ϣչ˵չˣʵǼӣֹϳΣն


174

ӰӿڣǰǰѾˡΪ˱֤ҶԵӰĹעȣʱʱطŻƬڡĹ΢ϡΣڵʱ򣬾˸΢Ϸžա
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175޺

ݵۣ½Ԫ׸Ҷ磬ֲĸоǱ˵һʱҪǿҡ
ΪܾæͷĹӶȥҶ졣½Ԫڹ˾һµĹ涨Ҫʱ䣬Ա°ʱƳСʱΪ˾ĿǰĿ֮ÿ˶һʿɹ۵ĽͬʱܼӰʱ仹ɹգӵÿӰԱ
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Ҷڶһ绹ҪϷسǻصƬҪһΰʯ̾͵ɽ·һ꣬·ʪΪ˰ȫ½Ԫ״ߴҶ羡췵ؾ顣
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һʯͷײƵ粣½Ԫ׵ĺ󱳣½ԪȵѪҶϣҶļɳ˳ѷ˳
 

176ҴϽָ

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ԵһʱͻȻСʵҵְʱҲڳó𣿡
Сͷ˵Ԯʱ򣬳ĶһóˣҶء
Ҷæʣµ꣬ȻʾСְ
ְ淭ֱҵһö˿߬û
ҵָ֮ҶͿʼͣسſһֱܳ˽
ܳΪҶ˼飬һͬҶ´
һҶָ˲Ҫ˲ͿԼߡ֢ܳ໤ǰ˵ֻӵʱ䣬̫õġ
Ҷվſڣ͸Ŵϵ½ԪףͷȲػ޾˽ȥ
½Ԫװڴϣüβһָδϵ˰̣˿Ӣͦ˧
˯һܳ˵ȴпԶҲѲˡ
һ뵽ҶСϪƵʹˡ
½Ԫһ̵ǰ˾ͻ汻ʯͷϣԸµǸԼҲҪ½ԪڲϣԼȴΪ
΢΢˼Ȼ½Ԫ׶˵ѹòã㲻˵Ҫҽ㿴ѾϽָˣͬˡ
Ҷ˵߰öָԼֵָϣɲȴûκξϲķӦǶһ
Ҷôָֺֻ½ԪʮָۣȻԼգ˵Ҷϲ㣬Ȼû˵ҿóһֱܳΪİְ֣㶼ûüء
ңҪӦ㣬ҶϣҪûӾȥ㣬ҪǼֲҡͲˣԲԣңҺ㡭˵˵ţҶͻȻش
ܳʧأæŰ˳
ܳļҡҡ˵侲һ㣬ⲻĴҲ½Ԫ׵Ĵֻһ˭û뵽֡
侲ô侲ҶͻȻʵŵˣ㻹Ȱ侲𣿡
Ҷ̧ۿһ˫۾ãʹࡣܳ类ʵһ㶣һʱ䲻֪λش
ĬһҶۿЦһȻɤӵǸ˵ԲҸղ̫ˡ
ûϵ㡣㣬Ҵű㻹ҪЪ˹˶٣ܳ˵㲻ܷԼôǷȥ½Ԫף㻹ӣҪİοչˡңҲ̫ģ½Ԫ­ڵѪڽСļʻǺܴġ
ܳһ仰Ҷ˵ֱĪİοֹסʣѯӵҶҶôˣ
ܳɿֻش½үӰӻլˣǻ֪½Ԫ׳ˡ
Ҷ
ү֪Ҷˣģү˵ڵõ֮ǰǲҶϵġ½ԪڻԲѣ㻹ҪϷѺͻլõѡ񡣡
Ҷԥŵ˵ͷֳ֢໤￴һۣȷʵûоչˡ
֪Ҷĸݼͤ
ҶѾȫˣÿ£֢໤⿴½Ԫס
ͤվߣȻԲѵ½Ԫףź̾˿ԥ˵ȻؾЩ飬ǣѾˣϵԽóɱԽȥԤȰŵĵڶҪϲˡԡ
֪ҶŤͷٸһʱ䣬һᾡؾġ
ʱÿλǩĶкԼûȨҪ鶼һˡңܳ˵½Ԫ­ڵѪѾòˣһѹҲԷĵ뿪ˡ
 

177ǲʧ

ǰҶ⽻ܳ磬½Ԫ֮һҪһʱ֪ͨ˭֪һ֮ȴڵϿ½ԪϢġ
½Ԫ׿ͷսʱ򣬻ܿõüβǵ˰̣ŵķɫߵˣ˻ʿͼ⣬һλŮ
Ҷ粢û̫⣬ȫע½Ԫϣ½Ԫ׶žͷ˵ԼָûѾͨ绰½ϵҵˡŻе˵ʱĴ½ϵĹɼڿʼˡ
Ҷ綢ŵӻ棬᲻Ծ˳ջ䣬ҲƲס
½ԪˣԼϵĽָеҪص½Ԫߡ
ҶȥҺɽ٣ɽؿֿЦı飬ʹٲ⣬ջ̾˿ļڡ
Ҷ˷ɻûüֱӸȥҽԺһ̫ĻҪ½Ԫ˵ˡ
ҽԺҶܳĵ绰ȴ˽һСʿ½Ԫ׵Ĳһ·С˹ȥ
ҵ½Ԫ׵ĲҶŽȥʱͻȻٸ½Ԫ˵Ϊ½Ԫںͱ̸£Ǿͣſڡ
һŮʵ㶼ˣ
Ȼ½Ԫ׻شЩƣҳԺ͸㶩顣
Ҷ￩һղź½Ԫ˵Ҫ˶飿
ԣҶҡҡͷ϶ΪԼһ·̫ˣСˡԼĶͷԼЩȻ󿿽ţȥ
ڵǸŮͻȻЦʵҶĻҶô죿
½֮䣬Ȼѡ½ϡ
½Ԫ׵ش˳żֲͣݺݵػҶ硣
ҶֻԴ˵һжʧˣ죬ǰҲһƬããģͻȻ벻ԼΪʲô
˺һҲֻмӣҶŽǿ
ԼûȫŪ֮ǰһҪ侲ƿŵʱ򣬻ûƺŰݺݵײϣصһ
ڵ볯ſڿȥ
Ҷı̫ѿˣڵƺһ۾Ϳ˸ղŵǷԻ
½Ԫ׿Ŀ΢΢ü
Ҷ粻սģһŬԼ̫Ǳ
̸̸½Ԫ˵
ǸŮЦЦ˵½Щ˽ҪҾˣ㡣
·Ҷʱ򣬻òص˵ͷҶϵϣվ½ԪߵǸŮ
Ů뿪ʱ򣬻ĵ˹غš
ֻʣˣҶȴͻȻ֪οˡ
ǰ½ԪΪӦûģʲôֻȨ֮ơ
Ҷɫ任ǿڴͷ½Ԫȿ˿ڣղҸ˵Ļ㶼˰ɣ
Ҷ㶵ص˵ͷ
ԭǸŮ
ղ̳ϵǳһ¹ֶκǶ½ԪףҿãΪ½Ԫ׵Ķ֡ϧӢţǰһزϵǰӣˡ
˵һãΪĸŵԭ򣬶ǳ谮
Ȼ㶼ˣҲֱ˵ˡ½Ԫ΢΢Ʋ۵Ƿְɡ
Ϊǰ̫𾪣֣֡Ҷ絹û̫
ֻǿЦʵΪʲô
кüҵһ𣬿ʼ½ϣҪҵİ½Ԫ̹׵˵
ҲҪְô϶бİ취Һ
İ취ûбȸøο½Ԫ״˶٣˵ңʯʱҲ㻹֮ǰĿǷˣԺԺҺܿͻ飬ԺǾͲҪˡ
ҶֵָϵĽָȡ֮ĸأµĵ㻹˵㰮ңЩǼٵ𣿡
½ԪĶϵĽָĿⰵ˰˵һ˲ʱҷҲûеôϲ㣬
½Ԫ˵ͻȻ̧ͷֱֱؿҶ۾һεĻҲ֪Լ᲻ٵǰ
Ҷһʱվȣһ
֪ˣ֪ˡ䣬Ȼֳ½ԪЦЦԲ𣬴ˡ
ϵЦȴȿ޻Ҫѿ
Ҷ˵꣬Ҵ뿪˲Լһͻ½Ԫǰؿ޳
½Ԫ׻˵ô飬ȴǰһ˿ϡ
һ·ᣬǰܣһײһˡ
ôǣܳ类ײһסҶʵ
Ҷ̧ͷһۣ۾һͻȻʲôƵļʵ½ԪױײԴǲʧˣ
ʲôʧˣܳ类ʵһͷˮŻش­ڵѪѾȫʧˣƢָҲܺã߹鷳Ҫһʱ䡣
ΪʲôͻȻô䵭Ҫҷ֣ţһȻǵڶΣΡ·𱻳״բţҶй¡
ˡܳæҵǰο
ʱǡСʿ·һ·ܳ˹ǿҶС
ΪάԼܳϽԼֵҡ
ҶȻڿʵ˵ˣΪʲôҪʯʱҵǰʱûԥȴ˵ˣǱŮ˻ҪƱ䣡˵Ϊʲô
Ҷĵ˵һѣܳܿ췢֣˵ЩֻΪ˷йǷҪʳǣһԣظҶֽ
ֱҶˣѾǰСʱˡ
û˰ɣأܳСصݸһŽʪֽ
ҶӹȲ˲Ȼߩ˰ѱ˵ʲô£ֲǵһˡΪտ޹Ũصı
ܳ粢óˣŮˣ˵ܿÿͺãͷǧɵ¡
İɣͲʮ߰꣬Ϊ嶯СŮˡҶֳ˼ֽߩ飬⻹һεű˵޵ô侲ͻȻЩ˼ˡ
Щε˵ǣҾȻȥˡ
ܳ˿ͲߣŮ̫ˡ˵ֱĿ¡
ŶˣǰܳͻȻס˵ҽԺһ¸ɣ
ҶɻػعͷʣǻһڲǸʱ𣿡
ܳ˶˵ò׷Żؼ٣Ѿ缸ɣʡõʱ鷳ˡ
Ǻðɣ׼ʱġҶͷɫ仹ڵʧͰˡ
 

178λҵ

ڵʱѾ̫ˣڶ绹ҪȥҽԺ죬Ҷûȥլӡ
û뵽ǣڶҽԺӾȻҲˡ
ܳ˵պСҲҪʱҾͽ˰Ҳˡ
Ҷ˵ͷעܿ챻˽ռˡ
Ҷſί˵裬ְֻæǶѾܾûмˡ
ҶüëЩԥʵһ̫үүҽԺ绰½ǲˣ˯ž𣿡
Ҷ½ԪףһᣬǷԱְҵһ΢Ц˵ְûܿͻˣ̫үүһҪԣ֪𣿡
˵½Ԫ׻ҪٵȵȲܻ϶Щʧ䣬ǹɵص˵ͷ
ܳѾԤԼ˼ĿҶӵĶͷһ£Ȼ͸ӷֿˡ
һ뿪СѣҶϵɫѸٿܲǵһηˣϴλҪߡ
ľͷƵҽĻеؽŸ飬ǱǰȽˡ
ȵϵҶҶһҪؾˣʣµʱ仹ӡ
ͻȻ߸ЬڵϵҶ̧ͷͼǰĲ˹ȥһ˲Ȼʹظ˹ȥ
˵ʱܿһ˵ģ½Ԫ׵ǰĶĿôͻȻˣΪҪôΪ½Щ֮Ҫһأ
ĵظȥֻ뿴½ԪǲʲôԵĿԡ
Ϊ˲ԶԶģֱ½Ԫ׵ĲŷŲС˹ȥ
ûߵ½Ԫ׵ĲǰȴͻȻӲ˳һֵܣһߴţҽҽ·Ҷʱûüһۡ
ܿҽ˹ܳҲںͷ
Ҷ翴ŴҼҴҵӣҲŽҽҽֻסʵ½Ԫôˣֻʣ¹ۻָñȽֳʲôˣ
קһ㶣ŷҶҲڣ˶ٻش˵ûʲô£½ԪײС˹۵˿ڣҼ۵òУһʱ̫ˡ
˵꣬ͷһ۱Ҷס䡣
ڵĹϵҶ缱æɿЩεؽ˵ҽ죬ǡ·
˵ͷҲû˵ʲô߹Ҷ˲
Ҷ糯ǰֱϵĲſһۣﳤ˿ûʲô¡
ղӣӦҲǰ½Ԫ׵İɣƺҲϤĵչ
Ҷ߻ĵطҶҶһСʿŵ
裡Ҷɿʿ־ͳ˹
Ҷס˻ʰԼ飬ʵˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵˵ǵģǻؼҰɣҲϲ
СӶҽԺЩ־壬ǸղţЩеϵʱָоܲ
Ҷ˵ãһԵСʿҶ˹Щ˵С㣬ղҽߵüλСүûüѪء
һѪҶҶüͷҶһ֪ܳˣСѲϣʿβſڵġ
ҶҶҶߣʵǲǸղŲԣûʿΪˣ
˱ſϳϡһҶС˵ǳѪ۵ġ
ҶεЦЦ˵ǣҶҶСӺ۶µĻԺôأ
ӻ࿴һۣȻƵ̾˿ߣӣ¶źƵĸ첲һǰһߵСʿǰԸ˵̸ɡ
ҶЦͷࡣ뵽½Ԫĺ˻飬ôԴӣҶҶܲܽأ
һԵĻʿ롢Ѫӱ۾ҶãҶ۵ᶼѽëʪˣ˶ûкһۡ
ȻʿѪҶ۵ǰǩѹס˿ֹѪ
Ҷ͵͵ĨԼᣬ˵㿴Һ͵ܵܶˣǶˡ
ԡҶӵϸһ¡
᲻ӵģ½Ԫĸ˽Ļ취һߡ
˿ڲٳѪҶʹҶҶ뿪ҽԺ
۵ʱ仹ʣ´죬Ҷȥֳ˷磬һȥʱ
ҶҶˣճԹ̴˹ǷҶ˾½լһҪߣӹҹ
ʮֶ£Ҷһ͸˾һ뿪ˡ
ҶһڽֱߣҹɫȺ˺ܾã򳵻ҽԺ
ӿҽԺҹҲסԺż㻤ļ߶¥ﶼĵġ
˵ݣҶֱߵ½Ԫ׵ĲǰͷĵѾϨˡ
Ҷǰԥһ˲ƿţ˽ȥ
ŲԼҲûƣֻĻ΢⣬Сߵ½Ԫ׵Ĵǰ
½Ԫŵʱһ˯úܰȡ
ӳµڣ⻹Ҷһôؿ̲ס½Ԫ׵üۣüβǵ̣ڻ谵Ĺµǲôܿóˡ
һҪˡҶԴ˯˵
Ҷ˵ķģȴôҲ֪Ǹ㣬ԼĸоǶתתֿ꣬ߵһҶҶжٸأһô࣬ΪʲôԭҶ׸ˣɸ£һ˵Ծ˵ġ
Ҷ˵ţͻȻͣժԼϵĽָ½Ԫ׵ͷԣҹŷֲı⣬öָȻɣλҵ㣬ȻҲ֪ܵȶãǣ֮ǰˣ㻹ǰҵģһҪ˴ҡ
Ҷ缫ƣ˵ᣬһ˳յ䣬ǡ½Ԫ׵۽ǣ˳½Ԫ׵۽ǻ»½ԪҲˡ
Ҷ˲ᣬ½ԪҴҴǣȻתĵ뿪ˡ
֪Լ϶ãǣÿ˯ǰֻҪһۣԺʯ죬½Ԫ׵ԼǰΡȻˣǾٸ˴һɡ
ſ֨ѽһ죬½Ԫ׵Ĳָֻ˰ϵ˻۾ְͷԵöָս
 

179²ܳ

ǣãˣչˡɽСȶų˺
ԣ˿ʰ뿪ҶȴͻȻסɽأ˵ݣһϷպҹҪһ˰ɣ
ǰҶѾ»ص˾飬ʼ˼ӰӵϷ
Ϊ˸ϽȣɽѾӳ˾ÿʱ䣬òװҪչˣҶȴҪټӳϷ
ԱʰĶһ٣ɽؿ˹ȥ
ɽü˷ľ籾Ȼ˹еĿ£ֱߵСȣǴҾһ£ȱգ׼һʮ߳
Ա׷װԹؿҶ磬Ҷ糯ҾϹǸ˵˼λչҳԷ
ݶ˻Ҷ̬ôãȻﲻ⣬Ҳû˵ʲô̾æ
ҶϷȻǴԼһ˽ģ½ԪסҽԺҪΪ½ϵæýͷö½үʹˣչҶҶҲЩã뾡ԼϷݣȻص˳ǣչӡ
ߵѾ²ϣ֮󣬵һʮ߳ʽġ
ҶȻպ½Ԫ׷֣ܵЩӰ죬ǡøŮǵĸ龭ƣʱǸϷ
ⳡϷҶϷǸϷǣݾֵλֻNGһΣһϷ˳ĹˣܹҲûʱ䡣
չҶ˾ڳ˳˻˽Сʱɢ
ƣصƵ꣬ϴҶ緭Լֻ滹û½Ԫ׷ĵκε绰Ͷš
Ҷ̾˿ЩذԼȻƣۣȴ˿˯⣬ڴշת˴ҹʱ򣬲Ż˯˹ȥ
ڶϷʱȻǹǷ죬С׼˺ЩŨͿȣعźȡ
ôҲԾҲ˯ģŶˡ˼ߴеʵǰһ˵½ܺܿܳԺˣ㻹ʲôѽ
ҶЦҡҡͷ֪ô˵ԼѾ½Ԫ׷ֵ¡
˼ֻΪ½Ԫ׵Ƶģ̾˿ݸһС˵ΣԼһЩСģôԵɣҪȥݶˡ
ллҶǡҲеˣӹģһҪԣһԵСȴææס
С缱˵ܳԣ˵ۼֿأҶĵķŻغӶС
˼̲סüҶҲС̫ðʧˣʵΪʲôܳԣ
ΪΪϴε챨Ѿˣҽ˵ѪеƫߣƽʳһҪע⣬òҪʳСͷ͵
˼ߵɫźÿ˵
ҵ彡ˣҶɻʵôûյܳĵ绰
С˵ʱϷҽ绰ʱҽӵģºǸˡ
Ҷ˵ͷŶǳѪ⣬Ļʲô쳣𣿡
Ķܺãҽ˵ƽʱעϢС˵
Ҷź̾˿˼˵ûڸˡ
˼Ҳεʼ磬˶٣˵ҪԣҸǵҲС
鷳ˣθҲ̫ãʲôʳﶼôȤҶҡͷܾ
Ǻðɡ˼֣۵˵ǲȤҲҪһ㣬Ĳˡ
Ҷ練ס֣˵ͷ
ҵǺϲ˼߽ĵأž;ú㣬֪˼߽ܲܰ͸ҡվС磬ͻȻ˵
˼ŤͷһۣЦ˵Ȼԡ
һ۵㣬ҶڴϣǺҹ˯ţڶһ
Ӵ֮ͷֻ㿴һʱ䡣
ֻĻ;ֵð˳һǡ½ҹĻᣬϽָۡ
½Ȼָ½Ԫ׺Ҷ㿪ӣһ۾ͿǣֵƬƬϣĳȦ˳ӷŴͼϿԿָϴһö䣬öָĿʽҶ绹½Ԫ׵öһģһ
˵˷мʱܲ󷽵ؽ˼ߵĲɷáʼʲôϵʱ½Ԫ˵ҶѾ֣ڵŮѣ˲ûоٰ충ʽҲٰ죬ʱѡֱӽ顣
ҶֿһƬϵöָһɿֻ֣žһˤ˵ϡ
½Ԫװöָ͸
ǲ½Ԫ׸Ĵ𰸣˵Ĵˣٸκιϵˣ
Ҷ翴һԼˤڵϵֻĻѾ֩
ҴǰֻسſںС磬ҵֻˤˣȥޣһ½Ԫ׸Ҵ绰ô죿
ɸպ꣬뵽ֻ޺Ҳûˣ½ԪԺҲ绰ˡ
½ԪѾս˵ĸ飬ĵȴѾûκˡ
 

180ҲҪ

Ҷ类½Ԫ˦˵ϢѸھ鴫ˡ
ЩǰĽҶģڼûʼﰵ䳰ȷ
ҶջױϢҳûм˵ѹҲͣվڹսǴǡÿ
ͣڹսǴ˵ķһۣպĸȰʶһǼ࣬ǾĹԱһҲǡһŮǡ
༸˲ûзҶ磬ߴߴ˵Ŀġ
㿴ҶǻţҸǣ֮ǰ˵ⲿϷ½Ԫ׵Ͷʣ˽ҹľ籾أ
ңִʽģ⻹ǵ˵Լݼ鲻αڱ˦ˣҵҪܲٿݼʲôýɫ
˵мֱأ½ܲԵĲǳ谮ľͷҶҪΪҪˡ
£ʲô£ҿҲʹмӰɣ飬½ԪҲǸ棬ôֻļܸ½䣬ɲʲôҰ֦ͷ˵ġ
˵꣬ҶЦﾡǿ⡣
Ҷ类ǿЩĪڮ٣ֽŷ˽ԹڱڮԤϵģˣƽʱǸȽϺõģǸŮԱÿμ涼㳤̵Ľû뵽ȴһ
Ҷ粻ٶأż༸ֱֱ˹ȥֱߵ౳󣬴Ҳŷʱﻹ˵ţҪ˵ǰЩʮа˾Ŷģ޷粻Ҫ˭Ե޹ʵ
Ա˳˳ӣʾ󿴡
ɻŤͷҶվԼʱûſ˵ô˵ˣ
𣿡ҶЦһóԼֻ¼ŵǰ˵˵˵ҶЩñ˵£Һ¼øҵʦ߷̰ĲϣպԹ۵ļҲԸ֤
ɫǺһĿҶֻƵش˵ЩŻң˵ĶʵôǷ̰ˣ
ʵǷ̰Ҫû֤ݡ˼߲֪ĸҲ˹Ҷǰʼ֤ûеĻղ˵ЩȫĪеģΪЩĪеԵӰģǾͷ̰
Ŀ֮俴˿ȻѾҶ˺Ҳûʲô˼ɵˣΪԼǿбЩֲ˵ģʹ÷зˣҪߣȰЩ˸˰
㣡˼߱Ƶû󣬲̲סҪˡ
ˡҶǰס
ЩģҪԼ˼߸ǣ
ҶĶüΪˣغһʹʣµ˴ҡڵ뿪ˡ
һȺʹĶ˼߿ǵıӰ
Ҷ˵һԼģ㲻Ҫǣʡõʱ۵㡣
˼꣬ͻȻ˵ʲôѣҲ˭㣿
ΪҵѣҲŲ㡣
У˼նؾܾҪʲôԼ飬Ҫ˵ͬ⡣
˼̬ȼҶֻεЭ˼ʱ򣬻վıӿһůůĸж
˶٣˼ְο˵ֻǼ㣬˵ʲô
šҶЦŵ˵ͷ
ɵ˼תʱҶϵЦܿʧ˿滨һǷϡ
еЩöָ½Ԫ׵̬ȡֱ˿̣òϣԼٴʧˡ
һϷںĵģҶھ㱣ȻʧˮɰѾ˶Żˣ˾֮󣬺ɽؿ۾صĺȦ٣ȥúϢһ¡
Ҷ֪Լ˿̵״̬ȷʵʺȥС˾Ƶ꣬ϴ֮󣬾ڴ˯˹ȥ
Ϊ֮ǰʵ̫ȱˣһξȻ˯øֱϰ˵࣬űֻѡ
Ҷ۽ͨ绰ҶҶһӴ˹м仹ſ
Ҷһ˹Ե绰ʵô˱ΪʲôˣԱ𣿡
ȴȫ⣬Ҷ˵裬ְֽһ̣˵Ǹ̽飬˵ǸҪҵ裬裬ҲҪˣ
ҶҲſǻʵ裬ǲǲ½ˣǲǾҪСֿˣ
ҲҪǷֿҲҪҶڵ绰󺰵
ӵĿԽԽҶ۲ѣżҲͣذο˵ְָܰ˭飬Ƕֿģ豣֤ˣòãǿ޵ĶҪˡ
ǲôȰȴԽԽסҶʵû취ֻþƵ½Ԫס
绰˺þöû˽ӣõҶΪԷʱ򣬵绰ͨˡ
Ҷ˿Ҳ˲绰һͨͼʵլ𣿡
ڡ½Ԫ׵ͳڵ绰ͷ
Ҷ˵ҶҶ֪ĶҴĵ绰ûˣ޵ɤӶˣϽȥ
á½Ԫ׼̵Ӧһ͹Ҷ˵绰
һҶһֻ½Ԫ׵ֻģ̫С֮½Ԫײ֪˵ЩʲôӵĿͣ
ֻѾκˣʱ绰½Ԫ׽˵˯ˡ
֪ˡҶ糤˿
˭û˵˴˶ֻĬ˺һ½Ԫײſ˵ûµĻҾ͹ˡ
ȵȣҶͻȻסԥʵ֮ܲҰҶߣ
֪ԼҪЩ֣Ҷ½Ԫչ˴ģҶİһҲһղĵĿ᲻ðκһ˵¡
ܡ½ԪȴԥؾܾԴҶߡ
ҶȻҪߵģҲܰҶƲ²ܣҶһôãͷֲˡ
£һ½Ԫ״ֱӸһѽѡ⡣
Ҷٳûлش½ԪֺڸƵ˵Ҫ˴ߣҽӹ½ϡ
ԸһӡҶɬؽ
绰ͷ˶٣Ҷƺһ޵̾ϢȻ½Ԫײŵ˵һֻҶҶӡ
Ҷһ˲¶벻˼ѵ˵ʹ˻飬Ҳ
ӣЩ¶޹ˡ
˶ò˺þãںȥ̸ջ޼ա
Ҷϵ绰ҶɻشϣԼܾԼƺʲôҪϢϸԺȴһƬհס
 

181ҵȻǹ

һҹڶҶ״̬˺ܶࡣ
ͷԼʱ򣬿ٴԼг룬뵽ɫȥһλԱĻְҵ
֮ǰɽҲѾ˴Ԥ룬˵Ա˽κ˶ۺ͸棬ھһЩгˣ쵽ƬʱҶԸо徻˲١
ԴӿС¹ʲϣǺɽضԱҪȻϿ
һϷҶĶϷˮ໥ɱ
Ҷ˽Թͺһֱݵ೤࣬Ҷ磬ǲޡǣĵվˮζϷʱ⶯ʧ󣬶NG
Ҷϴŷķװճˮֳ֮أNGЩ֧ˡ
ݺΧ˿ܿվڼ棬ҶظоĶ⣬ֻû˵Ҿǹ㡱ˡ
̵Ϣױ֮Ҷͼһˮ
ڿ֮ǰƵسЦЦֻ˵û뵽ݻôά㣬òǲű½Ԫ˦ˣֹ˺صɣҪ۹˵ı£һǸʰ·簡
Ҷؿ߬ȭͷ
ԭֻҪڮ㣬ҵˮ൱Ȼ֪ɽ֮䲢ûʲôĹ˺ɽأ¼Ͳôŵسˡ
˵ЩΪ˶̼ҪֲҷıӡԽԷԽŵ⡣
Ǵ壬ͷչʱҶ֮ǰõͷƵĹ˼УȻڱƿʱ˳ѵԼϺص£Ȼ͵ǰݺסĲӣˮ
ⲢǾ籾ľͷ
Ծ֮£ʼҶΪռ˵λϵƣ֣Ҳֻˮݵķݡ
ʾǰĺɽأ΢΢üͷҶһ籾ԼĶЧܲѴɱĺݾøӱˡϵҲܺã龰ʮʵ
ûͣȻҲ˵Ҷ
ֱʱȥ˲ֶӣ໹ûдˮһԵĸ̲סѺɽ˵ʱе㳤Ҫסˡ
ͨˣûоκѵ£ˮ±ӣѾǳˮƽˡ
ԣɽҲ˲ԣռǰĻϸ˿æϵСȺǣϽ˸Ҵˮ̳
ĻϣֲͣĴˮ棬ϵһͷյЩԼܿˮʱ˺üˮȲ˵ݼܲܰˮݵô棬ɽظҿ϶ǣԻûоҵܺ³ˮĵز
ɽغͣҶ͵عżಱӵ֣һոջعı顣
Ŵˮ̽ͷԱϴקط˰ϣ뿿ϴںִֿһŻ
Ҫǹǲǣңָ󺰵
ҶҲ˰ҡҡͷãȻؿԼ֣Щε˵Ҹղ̫Ϸˡ
֮˵ҽˣΪڱ˵Ļ㻳ģҪϷıɱң
ûСҶҡͷ񶨣ȻؿһԵĺɽء
ɽЩԥ
ͷˮ֮ãʵȦΪϷ̫ͶΪҲʱзǰʱ䣬ĳӰϷʱΪ̫ʧһλŮԱ˵ʱŮԱˡ
ֻ̫ϷˣҶ̻ؽ͵ҾԼղźһˣһֱݺͣʱҲѹҲġ
˵ģֻ̫Ϸˡݼͤȿ˿ڣҪıɱ㣬ղŵݺͣʱͲˡ˵ֲɵɱ˲֪εĵطרƤӵ°
ͤ˵оݣҵݸպͣʱҶ統ʱıԣžҲԼΪһ˵ദôã˴ʲôԸһΪ˼ڽǣŭҪɱ˵ĵزɣˣΧ۵˼Ҳּ֧ͤ˵ǡ
û뵽ȻûԼΪαװ⣬ԹҪϷʱֵģ
ʧɱ˾ͲɱˣҲҪεġҪôĻɴֱӹ͸ɱˡɽŬסͣ˵
˵ܹҶĲԣԭǺͬģǼƷʵںкøУϴݺҶҶǵء
ɽؿϡƵ˵Ҫ˵ıɱˣ´Ҷţǲô˵ϣ͸Ǹɣ
Ҷߵǰ˵ԲҪһԶٷɣ
ڳôˮȴֻһԲίĲУñӺһͷŤһߣʾԼԭҶ硣
˭֪ɽضķӦȻҶǸֱ˵ˣչˣҶæȥɣˣھƵúϢɣƬˡ
ɽط˼٣ǲ
ȻﲻޣƬûһ˿ΪΪϴŤ˽ݺҶ£شҶĻҲŽɡ
ίüֱҪ޳ˣܸоõҶˮʱǹģȴûҲֻܵͷԡ
Χ˶ɢ˸ʱ򣬼ߵҶԱߣƭ˴ҵƭң֪ǹģ
ҶŤͷһۣ΢΢˵ҵȻǹġ
㣡͵صɴ˫ۣҶ羹Ȼôˬͳˡͬʱﻹ̲סЩ£ǺɽؼʱͣĻҶǲľʹҪڳˣ
Ҷ糰ʵôˣеңûһô𣿡
˭ˣ򶨵ͦͦظ˵û½ԪףƣQ˼ˣ
ǾԡҶ粻мͬؿ˵㲻Ǿڱ˵Ļ˵ıһǰ½Ԫ׸˻飬ָ˶飬һعֳҵѣοζû顭ûг䶨֮ǰôóȻ½ۣôңĲ𣿡
ʵϣԭ£ҶⷬȷʵЩˡ
ǰʱ䣬½Ԫ׶Ҷĳ羢½Ԫĸ˻飬ҶҲȥСֻҪҶ½Ԫ״ͷ磬Сɫ¾ҪȦˡ
뵽磬˵òҡ˵ЩҶǴϿġ
仰ټϼʾõ˼ԣֻǸ磬ûҶ˼
౻סҶǰļζ˵˾䣺úϷϾҪɱˡȻת뿪ˡ
תʱҶϵЦܿʧȡ֮ƣпñԼԭֺñ׶ˡ
Сã۸ȻҪɫġ
˼̲סЦֻŻˣȴҪ½Ԫ׵ͷ
 

182ıɱ

ǣŻףԲǶ˭ʹ䣬ҶˣﻹһϳȦҪˡ
ھ黹û죬سйĺϡ
ͬΣΣǲȦǷǡ
ϸҶ
һָ׵ĻҶĸ׹󣬸ٻ飬ʮҶʮĻΪ˱ԷвԼĲƲ̳еȵȣҶӲǲɢ˸׺İŮˣҶ¶һ
αҶΪİŮ˵ĿǷŲȫԼСŮϵҶİŮ˵˽ŮҶ֪Ժ󣬻ͬ˰ԼͽȻαΥ̳Ҷϵȫʲ䣬ֽٲʽ
ıɱѱ֤ѼУʱܡ
תزž飬壬ҳע
ϵԡġڸɡ΢ýϷϢܿ˴תۡ
ԹΧۣż幬ļơ
Ҷϣ˵ҵ϶ң³֮󣬵ʱ˾ȷʵȱһʼСŮֱ˴ŮٺǾͱɢˡ
¥ԣҥΥģҪСݵģ
¥дѾˣûǼٵ𣿲ǲ²λҶСıɱ˭ɣѹҶ
ıɱף¥Զ󣬲Ҳпܡ

ܿѰǳҶʵݣ֮ǰšȶȡλʲôرַسһ顣ôӵм޹ġ
ǰجٴα˻ѣҶ翴ǰЩߵڰ׵ıϣֱҪŭˡ
ģĽ浣Ҷģ
˿Ϥǰ£Ҳټ٣ԻЩһ֪ˡ
Ļ˵˭ΪĽ浺ҶıҶͻȻ뵽ˣʱĽĹǰ׻˭أ
һָıɱҶʵ벻Լıɱ˭ԼԷôôѰ֤ݵġ
Էܴ׳һ߻ѵնѵۺתȴֲ͸©ڣҶҲ޴֡
ܿ֯˾زϵЩЩһһ˱ıϳĵһ
һҶĵƶϣҶڳ˽ŮҶĸ˶ɱҶųĽҲпԭڶ˵Ҷ۸ģ˾ֱӵǰҶĵо飬ͷԭί˭˭ǣ˭˭٣һĿȻ
ǮˮȥˮҲųȥ֮ϵķڱ˱䣬ֻɣһվģһ࣬ȴûκһվҶġ
Ķʹ˾û̫ıʾֻǽ΢˵ǰƱ磬ǵǷͥ
˵ɷн£ҶͻȻһֲõԤУԷ϶Ѿȫ׼һǶ㲻ȥˡ
ھƵĴϣ½Ԫ״绰æֻͻȻһİο
ֻĺ뿴˺һջ˳ȥĲӡ
绰һͨʹ˹ҶоĿڵһɢ˲١
裬ҶͻȻСؽһȻѹúܵͣ˵ǸİˣҺ͵ܵ˺öҺ͵ܵǲᱻġ
ҶεЦЦȴ֪ô⡣֪ôǽԼ½Ԫ׻֮Ĺϵ
Ҷ佱ģǵһҲû˵Ҳô⣬ʵ裬ʲôʱҺ㰡
Ҷߵ̨ϣĴ⿴˹ȥطԶûй޺ƣҹڵĺܴ⡣
شˣһܻȥˡ
ʵϣ쿪ʼѾͣˡ
ԭܿҪɱˣŮͻȻôĺϣһпܻɱ˷Ͷ̷׷׳ʣʽȱͣ
ıɱ֮ǰ㶼ᱻͣϾƬӵŮɱ˷ĻƬǲܹġڣͶǿҪܻᱻ
ӻС֪Щ治֪ô͡
ҶҶϾǺӣһ˵ҪˣϿĵػޣ̫ˡ
ҶĻҲظЦ
裬ʱҶִյͲǰЩĵ˵½ʧߺûãͻȻεˣȴȥҽԺܲȰȰʦ˵ֻȥҽԺκõġ
½Ԫεˣ
Ҷ֪½Ԫ֮ǰסԺ飬ԲŻΪ½ԪεΪʧߵԭѵ½Ԫ֮ǰܵ˻ûȬ
Ҷѹɻ󣬾ٴ绰ܳ硣
˶٣ش˵ðȰģСڼҲҪԹҪ½ġ
ţһġ
Ҳġ
һǰһӦ
ʱѾˣҶ˼׶԰ͺǸϿȥϴ˯
Ҷϵ绰֮ҶվڴǰŴҹɫȴ˿˯⡣Զǹߣ
΢ϵıϣȫۣǽ˺ɽصļƻ
Ͷ̷׷ҪŮǣ߾ͳʡҶһֵ̳ģҲԣҪһôϽɫԱֲá
Ǹþ籾ɽزôˣѡŮǺ͵ټ֮ԥʱͻȻӵ½Ԫ׵ĵ绰
½Ԫֱڵ绰ɽ˾ҶŮǣۻҪͶʣʱ½ȡ
ɽһ˲ַܿӦææӦððֱ̫ˡ
ʽһӽˣɽؿĵüֱ֧裬侲ְԵʵ㲻ǸҶѾô»ôİ
½Ԫڵ绰ͷһȻܿشֻǾû˱ʺɫݵĻƱ϶ǸˣҵȻϣҵͶܵõĻر
ɽش©ٳĻ˵˼ٺٵЦæظ͵ԶԶԣ˵ĺܶԣҲôõġȴǣǮ˵ɶԣҲš
 

183һ

½ܣɽȻҲͲηͶ̳ʵ£ǾͿĵüָ֪ͤͨ㡣
֪ͨҶĵ绰ǺɽԴġ
Ҷ籾Ѿʰؼҵ׼ͻȻյ쿪֪ͨﻹǳһʵصͶ̲ǲͬټȥ𣿡
ܺɽͶҪʵ»ھﴫˡҶȻ᲻ⲿϷҲ顣
ɽЦЦ˵˲ͬ⣬Ҳ˷㲻ɰ
Ҷ缸뵽½ԪףԥʵǸ½Ԫ𣿡
ͶôºɽҲסҲ
ɽ˵½Ԫ׷Ͷʵʱ˵û˱ʺɫˣôΪƱΪܵõĻر
֪ˡҶŹҶ˵绰
ߵǰ򿪴˼ѹӿ
Ȼڱм츳˵κ˶ʺϴɫеˡ½Ԫ˵ΪƱˣǽ壬ûŪ֮ǰⲿݵĵӰܶ޷Ϊһˣ½Ԫѡʱ׷Ͷʣʵ̫ðʧˡ
ΪһϵйأһСˣôֵ˾Ϊһæǰæ
˵ҲãǾ½ԪһжΪΪ
ҲԽ²͸½Ԫ׵ͼˣ½Ԫ׹Į˽ΪʲôҪٰΪҪҺѡ֣ΪʲôҪ˵ԼˣԼİ
Ҷһڴǰվ˺ܾãֱߵƲ㣬Źϴҡ
ʽ֮󣬾쳣˳֮ͣǰʣµľͷͲ࣬˰µʱ䣬ʽɱˡ
ⲿϷĹһۣмС¹ʲϣܹ黹˳ɱˡΪ飬ɽذɱĺ¡أѵľׯŪ˺ЩƷơ
ɱϵպܺãҶΪŮǣȻǴҹעĽ㣬ȴеĲɣһ˼ƣһ˶ڽ﷢
ûϷʲôۣЩıȶҲͣƿںתҶȴǱǰһǿҵԤУܿ콫вõ鷢
Զ˼߼Ҷ䣬뵽ϵ£̾˿ǰο˵ˣһжġ
ҶǿЦЦ˵Ըɡ
϶ġ˼߰ĶɳϣȻסҶ˵㿴֮ǰﲻǻд˵Ҫ𣿿ǲҲ˳ҪţԶûеô㣬ܻвȵİ취ġ
Ҷס֣˵ͷ
˼̲ס̾˿ϧر˱˵㻹ңʲôҪҰæ߷ģܿڡ
лл㡣
˵ദУ˼߾Ǵһοᵽ˾Υ˵ů
˼ģָ˼Ȥ£ֱ˶Ц˿˵Цˣȥϴּ䣬һٽ˵
áҶڰ֣˺ܶࡣ
Ҷ˺һû˼߻·ֱʲôסˡóֻˢ΢յ㿪΢Ϣһͷ;͵˳
ڳĬ˰֮һСʱǰ΢
תԼȷϸҶ΢ġ
ҶͻȻֱⲢǶԷŪ飬Է϶Ѿƺ壬ȴ֪ʲôطֱ޿ɱܡ
ҶԺţԼпıɱ˭ʱԵɳͻȻ̴ٵ̧ۿȥ˼߲Сɳϵֻ
ֻĻӦµϢ
ɱ˶ӣҶùֻ˼ƳĻʱȴСĿϢ˵㻰ѾҪˣҲŵˡ
ģŵ˳ƺ˼ߡġǡǸ
ϵֻͻȻǧҪղסˡ
ҶԺʶ֣һ˼߻ڰοԼԼģǸԼĵģ
ҶֻǲܿƵؽ˼ߵֻھʱ䣬˼˻һ˹ϵܣ˼ֻ߽ʱûпܿҼǵ˼ߵֻ롣
㿪˼ߵֻ΢APPʱָⶼǶġ
΢½˺ģٵ㿪ҵ΢Ȼһϸ΢
Ҷ糶һȿ޻ѿЦЦЦһ˼ߵֻĻϡ
Լ棬ǰͷѾԼݺһΣôͬһطأ
ҲҶĵȣȻѹ޴ɥʧǡ
˼߸̸ͻȻڲԶҶ缱æ˳΢ֻŻԭء
ôˣôҸ뿪һɫͱô˼ƹȺߵҶǰеʵ
Ҷǿ񣬷ʮɵݼĲӿȴ˵ͻȻЩͷۣȻؾƵϢأպˣҸص˵һˡ
ȥ𣿡˼߲ĵĶͷ
Ҷƫͷ㿪֣˵ˣƵҲԶ
˼һ˲ջ΢΢ЦЦ˵·Сġ
šҶͷתҴҳſ˹ȥ
˼߿ҶıӰɻüɳԼֻĻճһοɵҺ壬Ӷسһֻֽͳͳһ顣
Ҷ粻֪˼ߵôһҧгݵҪأһָҪõ׽Ƶģ֪ô˼ߣҪ뿪ٶһ룬Լݼƹ
ߵſڣȴͻȻ˴ˡ
ĸžľҶǰվڳʾԼ֤֮˵ҶС㣬ǻһıɱйأһˣϵ顣
 

184е鶼Ƹ

Ҷڶν֣ڶѶﱻʡϴǰҶ
̹״ӿ̬õĻԺ̷ġҶľ죬պ˵
Ҷһ˵ҸûзĶҪ̹ʲô
̹ôָʹıĽ浵ģ챻̬ȸЩԾ
ҶԭĽ浡
ʾؿž۾ʵĽʱڹ⣬ôıɱڹʱڼûκϵָʹ˭µ֣
һ˵ҪԼˡĽ浼Ӻĸף㺦ҶƲɱ˶ġ
Ҷַʵɱ˶һɱҲ֪ڵľ참ʵֵزˣû֤ݣֻƾжץ𣿡
ͻȻ˫ֳϱƽҶ磺ץȻ֤ݵģѾҵ֤ˣԻȰ̹׷ʵ
֤ˣҶͻȻ뵽˴˼ֻϣСĿš
ʱ俼һ£Ӻϣ̹סֱϵֱ
Ҷ˵ʱ俼ǣҵĴҲһģûзûɱĽ浣
Ѷľ챾ѾߵѶſڣҶĻڵת˻ҪٿڣѶҵȴͻȻ˴ˡ
¾٣ֳ㡣һŮԱ˵
¾üͻȻҶһۣ鲻ԸظŮԱ뿪ˡ
ѶҵűϣҶ̲ס̾˿ղǸٸѹʵ̫ˣ˫
Ѷͷһۣ۾¶һ˿ײĴ֪Լûл뿪ڷǳӣС½Ԫס

ûãѶҵٴα򿪣¾һ߳Ҷһ߷̵˵Ǯ˾Ǻùô޶ıͽҲ𡣡
Ҷ羯ؿһָۣ֪ʲôûп
¾ǰ⿪˵ˣڿˣǱܡ
ˣ
Ҷɻػһ󣬸ڳ¾ѶҡԶ½Ԫ׺ʦʱ׹ԼǱ½Ԫױˡ
ͷɫѾʼˣҶ类ץʱҹӱץڣҲֻȥСʱ
ȥص˳·ϵСʱʱ䣬½ԪӦץʱ͵õϢȻҹʦʲôϵСʱ֮ڰӾֱͳ
ôעôΪķȴ˵
Ҷ翴½Ԫ׿ЦһȻ˾֡
½Ԫ׸ʦ򵥽䣬ʦԼȿȥˡȻ½Ԫ׻ͷһۣ˵߰ɣԷ
Ҷͷ˵лл㡣
½Ԫ׿û˵ֱ˶ϣϵ˰ȫ½Ԫײֿ˵Ƚϼ֣Էʮ׼һֱ鵽ڶûܲ鵽ĵʵݣ;еǸ֤ˡֻĴ㡭ȵͥʱͰеζƸң˵е鶼ҰŵģһŲ֪ĽͽԺҲȷʵҡ
ҲôġҶ½Ԫ˵
½ԪЩԾŤͷһ˲ʶҶֽ˵ʱ˱ңָԷηҵݣ»תҲӮһЩʱ䣬ʱ֪֤˭ʣµľͶðˣܹĽ浵޹أҲµġ
˵ҲôġҶٴǿ
½ԪЩ΢΢üͷ˵ڲԵʱ򡣡
Ҷ翴ͻȻ͵͵Цûԣҵ£ԷԵҲң֮ѾûʲôϵˣܰұͳѾϰְˡ˶٣ֲûٰˣҲҪİæˡ
½Ԫ̾˿ʵ㻹ΪҺֵ
Ҷҡҡͷֻǲ֪ΪʲôҪ˵㲻ϲҡ
½Ԫ죬ʲôҲû˵
ҶֶЦЦ˵ģԼԵģҡ
½Ԫ׿ᶨ񣬹ʹصͷӦá
Ľֵ壬½Ԫ׵ĳڻؽԷ·ϣ˶ûٿ˵
Ҷܾ½Ԫ׵İȻжĳɷڣΪѾ֪ġ˭ˡ
ؼҵеǸ֤ˣȻѾ֪˭ҪǸν֤˾׶ˡ
صԷ֮Ҷʰһ£ɫ֮Լ˼߳档
˼߱ϻĺýãԽӵĵ绰ûκԥؾʹӦˡ
ԼһҿȹݣҶûȶþͼ˴ҴҸ˼ߡ
˼һס֣һĵʵ绰Ҳʲô£ɰŻˣû¡
Ҷɫ㲵ҡҡͷҲû£ǳ˴¡ɱĽ浣֪Ķһ֤ˣǱ½Ԫױͳġ
˼ֽܿ˵ʶڵ˲࣬ʲôܰģ
Ҷ翴в¶һ˿ˡòп˼ߵݼǺãҪСĿ˼ߵֻƾ˼йػôỳݺԼ˾أ
۾˵ллʱ򻹿ϰңã½ԪѾҵǸα֤ˣ߰һЩյֶΣܿת˰ɡ
Ŷ𣿡˼߶˿ȵ΢һ£һڱĿȣЦ˵Ǿͺã½֣ܲܿܽ׵ġ
Ҷ翴ǵ΢Ц˵ͷԸɡ
˼ְοҶһҶ翴˿ʱ䣬һ緹ȴҽƴ뿪ˡ
뿪ıӰҶжαװƣؿϡ
óֻͨһ绰˵Ѿȹˡ
ҿˣȷһȥǸ֤ˣ绰ͷʵ
˽ѾǸ֤ڱ½Ԫ׽Ӵˣ϶ȥġ
ã͵ҵĺϢɡЦһͽͨ
ղŸҶͨѡ¡
ƭ˼˵½ԪѾҵ֤ˣǹؼʱ̣Ϊ˱֤˽סշˮ˼߾һȥ֤˵ġ
ŴֵϵĳˮԳЦЦѾǰǸҶˣѧϷҲѧơ
 

185ҴӦ

ҶӿǶõ֤˵Ϣ
Ǹν֤ھԺʿĽȥʱչ
Ůջ֢֢񻯺ʹǵ˻ʿĹרչŮѡյĲȴһ񻯣Դֲ
ǰ˼ҵ˵кʵԴҿԸսãֱȫһҪα֤˵ҶָʹɱĽ浡
һʼȻͬ⡣Ľɱģɱ뺦ˡңһα֤൱ڳԼҲзˣվûչˡ
ǿյĲһأĻȴ⣬ҽҩѵʱ˼Σͬˡ

Ҷ翴ϣ̲ס̾˿˶ģŮѣ˼߲ôױͷ
ǣ˼ĶԴأ
ֱӾ⣬һֲҪŶϲܵ˼ߵʲôݣôŪԴģ
˼ߵıƶϲʲôУҶҲ
ÿ½ŵ˼ߣȴʲôҲû鵽
ͥԽԽˣһĪչʱҪϡ
ЩңȻӰ죬һǴæģҷļͬҶ뵽½Ԫģٷϵʱ΢Щӡ
ؽ˼ߣ½Ԫֻ֮ȸˡ
¼˼ߵϸƽԭȻĽ浵ֶŮ
ȻǱ׹ϵĽ浺ϲԼֶŮ˼߼ҾãȶģĽ浣ھʱͱ׸˻ˡ
˼ߵľĽ浾ĹˣϧûüĽ浣Ľ浾ͱؽ˾Ժ
˼һλԱˣλԱȨڸԼ֮ǰľҲ˲ŪʵԴ
Ľ浵Ҷϣ˹ΪĽ浱
λԱϲûϸܣͷȴһдıעѱΪ塣
Ҷϵ½Ԫ׵ּ½Ԫ״Ӳ˵ƾ޾ݵĻȻ˼߱Ϊ壬ǽֻø㶨λ֤˾Ϳˡ
ҶҽԺյʱ򣬼ŴŵǸŮŸոնʮꡣݿ£۾鶯Ҷ缸Ͽκ
Ҷʻڴͷ˵˵飬㡣
հϵİʿسЦЦ֮ǰ˵λĵĽҪҿ𣿡
ЦǱѣſһЩʮĻû֮ǰһһƯֹ۵Ůӡ
ҶҲЦЦ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ܸ˵Ĳͬһˡ
ŶŮЦԭôˣһ˾ĵĽء
Ҷڲϣ˸ӵݸ״ʵûչ𣿡
˫ֽӹӣ˾лȻŻش˵ҵ¹Щæ͹һλչҡ
ҶͷһЩص⡣ĵػشţϵЦ⼸ûȥֱҶۡ
Сĵӵһ£Щˣ͸˵Ҹ㣬㰲Ҫҽҩѵ⣬ҡġ
һ˫Ư۾м˵лл㡣
ŵʱҶϧ̾˿ȻͼϣֹۿʵŮܹ
Ҷҽʳ϶ҪעЩʲôȻļ죬ÿ춼׼ʱȥȴûʹκϢ
ȵʱ̲סˡ
Ҷһվк˵ˡ
쾫˺ܶ࣬ҶҲϤİ˽һ㡣
ץһĸ첲˻˵ڵ绰λ㣬ôǲһƯ
Ҷһֺۣܿ㿪Ŀ⣬ܵһ
Ҳ⣬Ҷ˵ҵѡ
ҶЦЦûյǰ˵ʲô
ڲ˵һˣʮĬһǰһ뿪˲
ͣĲݿڣسҶʵӽŮʲô
Ҳǰ㡣Ҷص
ңʲôðģ˶ò
Ҷɴ࿪żɽ˵Ѿ֪Ӧ˼α֤Ǹˡ
仰˿ĭ˵Ҳ֪˵ʲô±ҵĻǾͳһҪ˺ա
˵ˣǵġҶٴ˶٣˵ûдκ¼豸Ҳ˺κˣҲ뱻˺
ȴû˵
Ҷ˵о仰ֻ©Ҳ֤ɵĻǱץ˾ͻ㡪ޣԣܾɣ㶼ҪҪץȥģûȥˣ˼ֲŵԣʱŮѸô죿
ҷڣҾͽҷüۼ˼ֺҶ۵Ķͽ
ûȫȻ˼ߣҲڶģϣ
ҶЦ˶ˣŮѳˣִĶܵõϢأ˼ߵֶΣƭһڶ״ˣֱ̫ˡ
һ˲ԥܿҡҡͷ˵ѾȲˣôҶҪԣҲؿ
Ҳؿȥɵ
ͻȻһſǻҶԾתղ֪ʲôʱ򣬱˹
ͻȻƿſ˴Աߣ˵ҪЩĻھʹȥȻҲˡ
˵ʲôϿæǰס
ʹ߿ޱ˵ҲģԶߣûĻȥʲô˼ҪԼҵĻԸھȥ
ۿҲͣҲԶġ
˵ͻȻŤͷҶ磬ʵ¸յģ
ûϵղ˲ϵ˵ûǰЩ£̫ˣһôã̫˽һһˡӦұЩɵ£һܻǶãòãʱߡ
ۣٿյı飬۽ȴ£һʹӦãҴӦ㡣
 

186°˲ɽ

Ȼõĳŵǿͥ죬ҶڱϯϣȻʮ֪ǲǻٱԣ֪˼û׼ڶλ֤ˡ
ϯϿȥڵڶŵλϣһ۾Ϳ½Ԫס½ԪҲĿ⽻㣬Ҷ
ͥ󰴲Ͱؽţ½ԪΪҶõʦڱ绤ĹУʮԡֱͥϯ֤ʱҶĲ
֤ͥϯ֮ǰҶһۣȻ󿪿˵ҵŮѻ֢Ѿ˲òĵزǰͻȻӵһͨ绰Է˵ܰŮϵʵԴǱҪα֤ݺҶС㣬ҵʱһҪŮѣ͹ϴӦһǹԼأҽ췴ˣҪ˵ࡣĽʵɱģҵʱ

ΪԷ֤ݲ㣬ֳα֤ʵٵͥҶ˻ȫͽ
Ҷ缤ϯٿȥʱ򣬷½ԪѾˡ
ҶͥϢһųɽϾͿʼкڼƬ󣬵ôãƬǱסˡ
ûĶãյ˼Ϊ˾¾ϢĻ˼ߵϣ磬ΪᡶŮһţż磬ֱ类ǳĳԱ˵ȵȡ
ʵһʱֹͣ˼ߵлǼӳϵЩϡ
ɽؿϵЩϢﾹȻЩϲԭ粢ǾĵӰ
ת˲ַ뵽˼ǡŮţϷһŻҪ࣬۵ǲܳڴĻϵġ
ŮŵϷݿ϶ˣ뿿ⲿӰƬڼĵӰǼء
ɽڷⲽ˼֮һҧ˼ߵϷݣӰƬʮӵʱ
ʱ˼Ҷǰ
һҶЦЦʵ㶼֪ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪Ҳ֪Լ⡣
˼ϵЦ⣬˺һֱ˼üͷЩסʱҶſʵ𣿡
ڣ
˼߿ԼϵȷʵиõģŬϷõӰĴ󽱣ܵڵ׷ǹڣΪĽĶ
ڣȴѡһ·ʹⱲӿ¶ˡ
ѡһεĻŻѡ·ɡ
ʵѾֲ壬ԼЩΪĽ浱𣬻ΪԼĲġûҶ磬ŮǻģʵкԴҲģҶ絲·
Ц˵ҺڵԼûһóΪһǮ˵£βŻ㣬½Ԫף
Ҷ̲ס˵ⲻǮ˵££
˼߲мһ˵ԣǮƵ˲зȨ˵˭£˭¡
Ҷɫƫִ𺣬û˿ڹ˼ԼʶǸ˼ȫˡһǰԼĹĿ¶װģҶҲû˼ٸȥ˼
˼ߵ۾һһٵ˵ҽֻ㣬ҴûκˣĽ浺ҶģңҲɵ־ܵġ֮Ϊ֮ɡ
˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
˼߿뿪ķ򣬴ԳЦЦ
Ҷ뿪֮˼һڷִ˺һҲ˰Ѻ⿴ɻʱһ˽
˼߿ˣ̧Լ˫ֻ˻Σ˵ԭ½ҪôҶ˻һ۸Ҷ粻ɣ
½Ԫû˵˼ֿ˵˵½½5Ĺɷݣҵĵڶ֤ˣ½ܻǴֱʣ˲ɽء
Ҫ֪½ϵĹɷݿֵǮĺܣֻаٷ֮壬Чõʱֻ׷ָֺܹڡ
Ǯ˭
½Ԫ׾ٷ֮ĹɷݣӲѹסĺ̨Ūĵڶ֤ˡҪƾˮôܻôס
½Ԫ΢΢üͷڵҰʲôҪñֻ֪Ҫһ죬ҾͲκ˺磬㡣ߣⲻˣϣ֮ԶһҪҸϾɱ
ԣ˼ͻȻЦЦ˵Ҷ½ܵⷬҲ֪絽˭˵㡣
Цˣ۽Цᣬ˵ģʶʱĺܣвңҾͻԶԶģҵȻҪˡ
½Ԫ׵ؿһۣת뿪ǰ˵һֱ㵱ýãԲŻߵġ
ýá˼ʶظ֪ʲôɫ
 

187¶

˼ߵİڵУΪα֤ĿǰҲǿǵڣз̫ء
ҶհõܳڵҽԺ˻뿪
뿪ҽԺҶ糤˿ʱľһֱ߶Ƚ͵طȻ쳣ƣ̧ͷһͷ̫ԺͻȻ뵽ԼýҶؼˡϾ½ԪѾûйϵˣҶҲһֱסլֻǿϧܴҶһߡ
룬ǰ½Ԫ״˵绰
ҽȥլҶ
֪ˡ½Ԫ׼Ӧһʲôû˵͹Ҷ˵绰
Ҷ絽½լʱҶѾſˡ
ҶĴ˿ûмҶʵСأʱûӶĺܡ
ղ½ˡҶ޾ɵ˵ûƽʱҶʱϲ
ҶΪûҶЩʧת˲뵽Ҷӣ֧ѰҶߡ
Ҷ籾½үãܼ˵үϢҶҲûţֱӰҶϳϵ˰ȫ
·ϣҶήң΢΢죬˵ҶͨӾһۣ̲ס̾˿
ҶҶԴعԺһֱһͻȻֿ϶᲻áҲһһ뵽ԺҶĻԽԽ٣ͺѹ
ؼҵ·ϣɫڣֵϿʼ޺˸ҶŵȺƵʱ򣬻ͷҶʵǽԷ𣿡
šҶ²ߵһ
̵𣬹·ڣҶѳͣһҲǰҶڲ򵥳Щ˶ûʲôθڣܿͶ˿ӡ
ҶǰûڵʳҶʵҪٳԵҵСܲġ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ҳԱˣǻؼҰɡ
á
á˵һ룬ͻȻҶ˻ȥָĿ˵軹ûԱ⣬һ裬ٵһ𣿡
ҶȻ鲻ãǹɵص˵ͷ
Ҷ糯Ա߸һһۣȻԱֵ˵ͱ衣
ԱһλİʿԶ壬ֹǣôͨѡ
ֲ֮ǲ׷Ҷ磬Ҷȴֲܸķ϶ܺõع۲Ҷ絽Ȼã½Ԫ֮顣
Ҷһûһڵسŵ⣬ȫע̸ϡ
ԥʵôĿŵԼ᲻̫ðɣһýĵ½Ԫ׿»᲻ýͰɣ
ЦһɻãõˣҸ½ҵΣ϶ˣҸ½Ԫ׺ܿͲװˣĵҲûϵġʱ䵹ίˣҵѡ
ܰﵽѾܿˣҿɲ˵ί

ҶԵĶͣ
½Ԫ֮䣬ȻϷ½ԪΪʲôԼ˵Ҫֲأ
ǲˣɻ½Ԫʱı֣ôûˣ
½Ԫ׵ʲôҪֿأҶţͻȻ˲õԤС
½Ԫ֮䶵תת꣬Լһֱû취ҶҶ׵طݸ飬еҪ֪½Ԫ׺ֿɣҲ֪½Ԫ״Ļ϶ʲô鲻ġ
һԵҶͻȻĿ½Ԫףʶ̧ͷҶ磬ȴҶɫЩĵغһ裿
Ҷ类лعسҶЦЦȻһڵ⣬Ҷƹ뿪˲
˻صԷʱ򣬿ſյӣһʱ䶼е㲻̫ϰߡǰҶһģھȻסһʵеµˡ
ûҶҶϻ˯ϰߣҶҶ˯һ
ҶϹȻ˯ò̫ȣҹﾪΣҶĺ󱳣ο˺þòŰٴκ˯
õڶʱҶǵجΡҶչ緹ȥ׶԰
·ȴӵ˼ʦĵ绰
СһżҪת㣬֪ҶСʲôʱ򷽱㣿
Ҷԭǲٸ˼нģɻ뵽ԼЩͰο¶װҲҶݲľܾ
ҶΪ˼æǾʵôʲôҪҰæ𣿡
ʦԥһ»شС㲢û˵ʲô£ֻҰŽ㣬˵㲻ҪŵĻҰյ
Ҷ룬ջ˵ڳˮʸڹ㳡ϵĿȹɡ
ãҸպҲڸϹȥ
ʦҶϵ绰ʮӣǷž͵Ҷϡ
ʦûžִҴˡҶڿȹֱӴǷţȴԽԽľ
˼ｨȥҽԺ壬˵ʱɽϲɹһɫԲСӣֹжԶҩ˵ϵͳкôﵽһ֮󣬻Σ
ֶػۻų⡭
Ҷŵ֣Ʋסս֪˼ΪʲôͻȻ̹Щ˼ͻȻķ֣Ҳ˼Ϊ˻رԼûҲûоˡ
ϸһ飬ɫĹӣ˸ժʱţʣµĶ˵ģЩȫ½Ԫ׳ˡ
½ԪǶʱȷʵʧߵҪҩ˯
Ҷ뵽ʯ½Ԫ׸ոܳͰ죬ԼСѪǸΪɣܾ˼Ƭ͸ĵġ
ʱֿɵ뵽պҶͻȻ½ԪײΪԭ򣬲ҪֿİɣѵҲʲôز
һ뵽ҶҲȥˣҴ굥ȥ½ϡ·Էʱȴؼһˡ
ɵļǵ½ϰ칫¥ʱȴסˣǰ̨дò˵˼ûԤԼǲܼ½ܵġ
 

188°ٷ֮ʮ

½ϰ칫¥ߵǰ̨Ϳ½Ԫ׵ǰŮںǰִ̨ԶԶվһһ֪Ҷ½Ԫףȴǰ̨ͱסˡ
Ҷı飬ƺм£룬ǰǰ̨˵ȥ
½δܲ÷ˣǰ̨ĻȻҵ½עعأҪǾô˽ȥһܲ׷¾Ҫˡ
ǰ̨ΪѵؿС㣬ûԤԼ
½ڰ칫ءȻ½Ԫ׵Ůѣ½ϵĺ󣬵Ҫϸûж½ԱָֻŵȨ˸ѡϾմ½Ԫ׵İ칫˳㴫һ½Ԫ׵ķԸƺҲûʲô⡣
ǰ̨ͱ࿴һۣԱ˿һ˵ǺðɣҶСߡ
ҶԼеЩ⣬żȥ½ԪףֻҴ˵˾ллݵķ˹ȥ
ҶıӰζЦЦ
Ҷϵ½Ԫ׵İ칫ǰֱӴ˽ȥ
칫½Ԫڸ򽻴Щʲô˱Ҷϣ½Ԫ׿ٺļ
Ҷ缱ǰס½Ԫ׵˵ȥҽԺĸжġ
ҶȻ˵ò岻½Ԫȴ˼ҶԼ֣ȴһ֪
֪Ҷһ˲ַܿӦ½Ԫ׶ܳԼ˼飬϶Ѿ֪ˡ
Ҷ͵ʵǲΪЩģˣأ㲻ңԲҪҷֵģ
˵꣬½Ԫ׻شֺܿ첹ˣѾ֪ˣ֮ʲôûУֻǼٰ¹ϵ
½Ԫ׵ͷűס֣˵ԣҸ֮ȷʵûʲôֲΪЩжģ˼ʱܻû¶Ҫ㣬ǵʲôʧ߼϶ѡ
˵ţҶ֣ԱɵˣҾǲˣ˸ɸֶѡҪǾʵƽĻҿԸһЩϵĲ
Ҷ粻ŵؿϵԹ۵򶼾Щ̡
ʲôҪǾöԲңǾٱһ°ɣ͵ǸԺҲˡҶ紹ͷ˵ţ
½Ԫ׶˶٣һǰһӵ
ӵûгãҶرһ£һѰƿͷҲص뿪˰칫ңӰ쳣
ֱӰʧڵݿڣ½Ԫײƣϣüġ
ʦʲôʱ򵽣
ţһϵֱشӦϾ͵ˣԼʱ仹ʮ߷ӡ
½Ԫ׿һԼг̱п˵ҵʱ̫ˡָȻʮ߷ӺʦҪ뿪˳ȥAˡ
Ȱ˵Ѿˣһεˡ
ʵĳҶղŲ²ҲЩȻû½Ԫ˺ȴԼĲ顣
­ڳѾʼѹˡĻ֪һͻͻȻɥʧһֻܣжĻԤԼAרңλòãĳɹֻаٷ֮ʮ壬ܻԶ˯̨ϣҲѲˡ
һкöûüţʧܵĻС԰棬Ҳ֪ܹܲ½ϣԪﻹжĹɷݣڶĽ£լĹϵԽԽˡˣ󵼻СܲӦˣȻ½ԪĲµҶ磬ҶҶôСٳµĻ˭ǣ
ܾҶ磬ʹ֣µľԼA֮ȥ޻أܼʹࡣʹٰ㲻Ը⣬һ̣ҶٰһЩ֪Ѷʱ̹ȻҲܸʼµ顣
һֱҲİ⣬˵ĻһҲŶԼİ⣬¿عһ
ԽԽԼŵĲҪʱ䣬Ϊ½ϡΪҶӣ̺Ժ·˵ѻƱǩ˰ɣµʱ䡣
½ܣ̰ɣĲĲˣˣڻаٷʮȬܡѵõأһεΥ½Ԫ׵ķԸ
ٷ֮ʮ塣
½Ԫ׿Ŀ棬Ȼ֪ٷ֮ʮζʲô˵ֻҪһĿδܴ棬ϵʧ͸ðƴһƴΣȴû̳ϵɱϡ
Ͼŵ룬Է
ҶҶ˯֮󣬴򿪵ԣļҵһ¼
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