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Ծ˵ģ㻹ɷһȥǶ̫ģǶԼ̫ģ
ðɣȥѡɫ΢΢죬Ҫȥñ˶֪ˣһ仰һ
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ȴû뵽֮仹һңǾλٻҲһֱԸȵҪء

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ʱæŹ칫Ҳֻ˶ûΪ°иκöڰ칫˾æµš
ˣԱߣ˿칫Ҳֻһæ͵У⡣
Եػ߽ʱȻһͷ֪Ϲļ˵㣬쿴˸Ү
˿æأʱ̧ͷ˵ǸˣֻҪԼ֮󣬾˹С
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ȴû뵽ڷɻֻҪģʽȥŻػ

ڶʮ°1

ػûиһΪ֮ǰѾ˵죬Ϊ⼸ʵ̫æˣҪһϲ
ػصУȴûзӰڼҵСʱ绰ֻȴػˡ
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Ͳֵиˣ͵ǿΪˣҪ̫ˡ֪̫ˡ
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ظĻǧĸ׶ʱˣ˼ͽˣǸӡ뿪Ϊ˱Ȼᡣ˵ʲôȻ˼С޳ȥˡ

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ǧһ˵ΪγԶȥǷЦ⣬Ϊж׷ôˡʳоͳſȥ
ҲԵţγԶΪֻˣͷҲûֱ̧Ӿȥˡ
֪ʲôڻԼ˼Уû
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ཫһϵݸ˵Ҹ׼ϣŪˡ˵ʱ໹Ȥ㣬ǲϹҾûôʧ
һۣС࣬ҷԽԽˣ֪ϰʱǸոܺ˵£ϵ£ǿһ£ˡ
ԭͷԼȷ̫ˣϰʱ仹Ǻúϰɡ֪λСȥܰ칫ңᷢЩʲôѵĺܹϵһ㣿

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ˣ㡣˵仰Ҳش𣬰ǧͳ˰칫˾š
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ԭͷˣյѱԼʶˣѽܵġ

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ߣƭңȻҸᣬץúõĥĥֵ֪ܿɲƭɵӣ
ϴһ仰˵ǸֳЦ⣬İСӣţҾҪˡ

ʮ

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ʮ

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ʮٻĶ

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ٻ뿪ٶȺܿ죬ػȴûаעŵϡΪһŮˣٻ￴ػǻ⣬ѹͲԸ⿴Լ
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Ǳ߹˾вȣѽ֮ǰ׼ԪծǮùȥŸ˶ƵҶһˣǼ˻ץԼĸȴһֱƫܵܡ
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ĸΪûа취ŴͶԼԼŲμӹ꣬Ӷģܵȴ˵̫СҪԼķ䡣
ûа취ٻһķӣҪϹʸߣSĴУ⡣
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ٻ̤Ÿ߸ЬҽԺ߽ȥܸ֪ܵԪе˼ȡЦԼ
㣬Ҫҹȥɣ˵Ҳϲأ˵ԽԽ֣ҲƲƲЦݡ밡㻹ծˣǿ϶
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꿴ӣڲȡЦ֣˵ǵǮɣҪȻҾͲұ֤ҵȻ˵Щʲôֻ˭˵ˡҲ֪֮ǰƾջЩǮһֱܺ氡
ٻ˫ȭָ׶Уƺ뷨һЦһ˵㣬Ǵ˾ĸ߼㿴ô˶㡣˵ˣܴù𣿡
ٻҧ֪첻Ǯǲˣ޺޵ӳһſǮ͹
Ҳϣ˲ת䣬ﻹ˵ллˣҵĺý㡣
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ʵǱôˣ
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֪ˡӣסȻϸԼ˵ν˵Լûô˯̲ס죬Լ
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ٻĸ׵ĲУǸ긾ŮѾ˹˵꣬60һÿһ뵽˼֪Լôһĸ׺͵ܵܣԱУͬû֪סַ
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ٻЦȻĶӣͲںԼŮ
ʳаǰٻڵǸӸոҪǮ뿪ˣ㻹Ϊ㣿
˵ܵܣ㲻ҲǱ˵İɣ֪ĸӵĹϵ㲻Ǽܵܣ
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Ϣʱ򣬼ͬ°࣬Ӵ칫ҰᵽκԱߵİ칫档
ʱʮּһشڵİ칫ңţȻҲԼİ칫ˡ
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ΪûչˣÿζѶһʳϹ飬ҲܽʱͶ뵽Լҵϡ
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㣬㶼Щʲôػ˵ѯʣ˵ʡȻһж˵㣬ôҲû˸а
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֮ǰһֱΪЩҥЩϼһѾʱˣŻᱻһ˦ȴû뵽ػˣȻ˵Ƶᡣ

ʮһҲ

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ʱػĵؿһۣܷɵôô
зɻ𣬷ɻӦÿԷɵô߰ɡһգҲգؿƬ졣
ػȴͻȻЩµ
ܹҰɿ𣿡
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ɪһӣÿֲҪ⽴
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ȥӾĻĩҿԴȥŶҺԼˣֻҪҿȫһʹȥӾأ㵽ʱҲԸŶ
𣿡ϲؿдЦ⡣
뵽չһЦʱػǿɰء
ĩһȥӾأͲˮһԸؽһ̾һѧڡ
ҲǴذ֪ģʵػûԼʲôӾص飬Ҫһߵģʱı⣬˵ȥӾ档
˵µʱԼѾ˸УҲˣôֺøУǿ˰ɡ
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΢΢һЦ¶ûУٻҲǵͷˡ
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ԲҡԺ󲻻ˡ
ֿһۣתͷȥûҲǱúܣԼɿڼɵúúõģϲԵģӻ֮󼸺ûմ֪ЩǶôѡ
ػԻкΪĵһٷͳ£ǵƢڿںѾ˯ԼҽԺķϣĻʱѹˡ
ػ̷ۺƿվһߣǳΣ֪ЩʲôֻýƿһԵĹϣ̷ۼװרС
һػģСǽӣʱԼһֱԼʹҲǸ⣬һֱûִܵ
ҲٸƽϣĲˡҡ
°ɣվŲ𣿡
һ¼װ̷ۺӵػڵ仰˶оˣ̾ͷе̷ۺУ˹
㣬ѱˡ˵
ػ˸ĶֵߣԴĵĿһֱϡ
һֱţʮֲڣŤͷʱѸջĿ⿴ӡ
ģ˸ʱЩϲŮžİɣǰͰϵŮһϣʱ
ǰʱǶῴعͷʱֻһڿˡÿʱݸһЦ
ЩŮĽ˵ÿζܵõЦݣ˵ֻҪǶһһֱǰջЦǵĻشȴǲҡ
ı΢ǲ̧ͷȥעʱΪԼֻѣûôɻ䡣
ʱĶȻΪᰵֻǶǸˡ
ϾӡУػһְԵˣֻҪϲģͻ뷽跨õǱ˵Ĺ˾
ϸ룬ûмػΪһŮŮˣʲôΪЦЦˣֻҪϲģҲϲɡ
ʵ֪ǣ˭ڰǰı΢ֻҪˣͻᵨӡ
ػĵڣĻܵ𺦣Ҳˣǿ

ʮ̰ػ

賿ңʹ˹Ƿʵ˯ˣֻҪԼĶӡϵĹͰˣǼס֡
۾Ҫˡػˣ˵˯ɣǣȻˣҸ̷ۣ㲻õġ
˵ռû˯£֪ȫǶӣּСҲҪչˣҪҹ춼û˾˭չ
һ룬ػ˵ò޵ȽԼҹͲУŶʮСʱ˯ôһ⡣
ǺðɣҪˣһҪι̣ˣҪ̽ҡֶ˼䣬ֿ˺ۣſ˯ȥ
ں֮ǰҲһֱڽ״̬Ще΢ðһ¾˯ˡ
ػ˯𣬲һֻ֣ͷϵķ˿
ұ֤Ժ󲻻ˡ
Ҳ֪Ǿһϵڣ˻ôģҲĸģһζû֣ԹԵ˯ϡ
Ǳѵģʱ򣬺ڳػЦػһ߸̷ۡ
濴ȥʮܰؿǣʱһˡ
ףˣػ̷ۣ¶֮󣬽ƿŵУƳЦǡ
ոѹġ˵ػе㵱ֵ̰Ǳʡ
ػƿźãñԼźȣعͷ˵Ե㶫ɣҲöˣ͹ġ
ػʹӵݸװϲͰӣȵģֻһݡ
Ҳû԰ɡֱۣҪǷݵݸػֻ֪һֱֱۣʱѾˣһ¸оһ
̧̧֣ǲУҲ̧ˣֱӰʹӵݸػԼðɡ
ػȡһݳ˿봹ŵֱʵˣ
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˵ʱֻֱۣûĸоˣֻǻеƲ˦£ԼֱۣǺˡ
ӣʼϾҹ˯˯µʱЩˣǶ
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ڵʱı˺ö࣬ӰԵᣬӲϸģѵЩǸŮڵʱı
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Ҳ֪Ǽ費ڣ˵ػĻͻȻͱɫϾҪ޳ˡ
ޣޣְ˵ˣòãɱѽˣָΪ۸ء˺ˣ͵ְֵæòã
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ʰһУػͱ˶ӣŴӣ뿪˲
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ò׼˳ȵݵ˺ܶ࣬ȥ¥ֲ˼˼ֻһֻ¥ݡ
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ǣػİ£ܿǸҽİ칫ңŵȴ

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һҽüͷǰһڡеıźӣһӣŮĻе֣оȥһȦһ
ŶҩģҰѽŸˣҽ˵ҽһҩ
ŶŶԭڽʱҲǸҽ֪¡
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㲻Ҫʹ˾ҪϿҽãʹҲΪκ㣬͸ҩһ˵˼ǩպ˵ƣžͿĨס
Ķ̫Щ̲סһҪ֪ҩһоûУſʼҩŶ۳ˡ
ػʹüͷͲ㣡
ҽ;ԼһأҪ˽ҩǲˣҲǹġϾѵֲͶ
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Ůɫ΢䣬ǣԼŮֻҪ޸ػǵŮˣܽˡ
֪ˣܣܺðɡŮûг˳˵Ļ˵ȥϾҲ֪鲻ǿֻһõԸ
ǰȥˣֻǶǺѾͷ˵ֵܷһ׷ءͿ׷ܿһ¥Ҳʲô
ŮЩ⣬ַȥǱߣôֵܷʲô
ѵ˵ǣŮż־ȣҹķӰ
˼ʲôЩͷˣȻϲ˴̨棬Сسˣˣ硣

ڰʮػ

ΪģԲſܳΪǵġ
˵ĻŮ˸ǲ⣬˱˵ģ뵽Ů˲Ǹ̫ŵݣҲֻǸŮˣŰٰ㲻ԸشŮ˶߿ڡ
Ů˵ĻҲ¶˲һɫǰԼɷ˵ôǻпõһ׷
Щܵõ֪˼ǿɶǮˣڹⰲ˼ңһŮڹڣAУԶ
ãǾ֮ǰİ죬ǾͰҹȥ
ңҪȥĶǵŮԴʱ˹ûжˣҲûҵһݺʵĹ߶˵Ķʰɡ
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ǰڵߵıȫǮˣЩǮ˵Ķӣһú˧ûػ˧
һ룬ɵ뵽ػӦҲסڱԼܹȥΪھӣôǵĹϵһúܺá
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˵ʲô길ĸĻԲŵؿǡưܵĵط־ӣˣôȥס
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˵ʲô˵ҪȥҪǲȥԼɡҲú˵࣬ôܺؼϹϵ
Ů˼ת뿪Ҳ֪ԼŮˣæȰŮˣˣ㿴ְ֣ˡ
ԿŸתߵиһŭգܺãΪʲôҪᵽ˼ȥôĵط
㿴ֲҵĴΪʲôҪҰﲻͦõҪǰᣬǲߵġ
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УȰ㱧ԡҰɣ㲻ûܾܲ˯ɡܾã˵ʱ¶Ĺ⣬һֻһ
˰ɣҵȻԼȥֱӾܾ˭֪᲻ʲôɲˡ
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˫ۣ˵˵ţͿʼ޳ˣǰǸС繷Ȼˡ
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ڰʮж

ػ°ճûڹ˾Ӱ࣬µЩҲ֪ΪʲôǸӰܲʱ䶼°࣬ԭ˺ӡ
ź߳ݵʱ򣬷Լ˹èһΧŹۿ
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ۣλŮְԱǷ´½һЦ߿Ⱥ˵ʲô
ʼ磬Щ˿ԣǿȥɣػųء
ʱţת۾͵ػѼҶᵽߣȻǸˣ¥ǸԾʹˡ
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